Oceanographic institutions Wikipedia pages

List of oceanographic institutions and programs
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This is a list of oceanographic institutions and programs.


Contents  [hide]
1 International
2 Australia
3 Bangladesh
4 Barbados
5 Belgium
6 Brazil
7 Bulgaria
8 Canada
9 China
10 Colombia
11 Croatia
12 Finland
13 France
14 Germany
15 Greece
16 Iceland
17 India
18 Indonesia
19 Iran
20 Ireland
21 Israel
22 Italy
23 Japan
24 Lithuania
25 Mexico
26 Netherlands
27 Norway
28 Pakistan
29 Philippines
30 Poland
31 Portugal
32 Russia
33 South Korea
34 Spain
35 Sweden
36 Taiwan (Republic of China)
37 Turkey
38 Ukraine
39 United Kingdom
40 United States
41 References

International[edit]
World Ocean Circulation Experiment
Undersea Research Center (NATO)
MAST (Marine Science and Technology) programme, European Commission
International Council for the Exploration of the Sea
Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission, UNESCO
European Geophysical Society
Scientific Committee on Oceanic Research
Australia[edit]
Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation, CSIRO
University of New South Wales, Sydney Australia, www.oceanography.unsw.edu.au
Bangladesh[edit]
Department of Oceanography[1] (সমুদ্রবিজ্ঞান বিভাগ), University of Dhaka[2] (ঢাকা বিশ্ববিদ্যালয়)
Institute of Marine Sciences and Fisheries, University of Chittagong[3]
Department of Coastal and Marine Fisheries, (Sylhet Agricultural University, Sylhet-3100) http://www.sau.ac.bd
Barbados[edit]
Bellairs Research Institute
Belgium[edit]
MARE, University of Liege[4]
Brazil[edit]
INPOH, Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas Oceanográficas e Hidroviárias (National Institute for Oceanographic and Waterway Research)
IEAPM, Instituto de Estudos do Mar Almirante Paulo Moreira (Admiral Paulo Moreira Institute for Marine Studies)[3]
The following universities have Oceanography departments or institutes that do research and teach the subject at undergraduate and/or graduate level:
Fundação Universidade Federal do Rio Grande, FURG [4]
Universidade de São Paulo, USP [5]
Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, UERJ [6]
Universidade Federal da Bahia, UFBA [7]
Universidade Federal de São Paulo, UNIFESP [8]
Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, UFSC [9]
Universidade Federal do Ceará, UFC [10]
Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, UFES [11]
Universidade Federal do Maranhão, UFMA
Universidade Federal do Pará, UFPA [12]
Universidade Federal do Paraná, UFPR [13]
Universidade Federal do Pernambuco, UFPE [14]
Universidade Vale do Itajaí, UNIVALI [15]
Centro Universitário Monte Serrat, UNIMONTE [16]
Bulgaria[edit]
Institute of Oceanology - Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Varna
Canada[edit]
Bedford Institute of Oceanography
Institute of Ocean Sciences [17]
Oceanography Department, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia [18]
China[edit]
Ocean University of China
Swire Institute of Marine Science, The University of Hong Kong[5]
Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences
Colombia[edit]
José Benito Vives de Andréis Marine and Coastal Research Institute (INVEMAR)
Centro de Investigaciones Oceanográficas e Hidrográficas del Caribe-CIOH http://www.cioh.org.co/
* [[Centro de Investigaciones Oceanográficas e Hidrográficas del Pacífico-CCCP ]]http://www.cccp.org.co/
Universidad de Antioquia - Pregrado de oceanografía y maestría y doctorado en ciencias del mar.
Croatia[edit]
Institute of Oceanography and Fisheries
Finland[edit]
Finnish Institute of Marine Research
France[edit]
IFREMER - French Research Institute for Exploitation of the Sea
Centre d'Oceanologie de Marseille
Station biologique de Roscoff
Laboratoire d'Océanographie de Villefranche-sur-Mer www.obs-vlfr.fr
Station marine de Wimereux
Institut Universitaire Européen des Sciences de la Mer (IUEM), Brest
Station marine de Banyuls-sur-Mer
LEGOS - Laboratoire d’Etudes en Géophysique et Océanographie Spatiales, Toulouse.
LOCEAN, Paris
Station marine d'Arcachon
Station Marine de Concarneau
SHOM - Service Hydrographique et Océanographique de la Marine
Germany[edit]
Alfred Wegener Institute for Polar and Marine Research (AWI), Bremerhaven
Center for Marine Environmental Sciences (MARUM), Bremen
Institute for Baltic Sea Research (IOW), Warnemünde
Leibniz Institute of Marine Sciences (IFM-GEOMAR), Kiel
Senckenberg by the Sea, Wilhelmshaven
German Marine Research Consortium
Centre for Marine Tropical Marine Ecology (ZMT), Bremen
Max Planck Institute for Meteorology (MPI-M), Hamburg
Institut für Meereskunde, University Hamburg (IfM-Hamburg), Hamburg
Institute for Chemistry and Biology of the Marine Environment ICBM, Oldenburg, Wilhelmshaven
Greece[edit]
Hellenic Centre for Marine Research (HCMR). Created in 2003 by merging of the former National Centre for Marine Research (NCMR) and the Institute of Marine Biology of Crete (IMBC).
Iceland[edit]
Marine Research Institute
India[edit]
National Institute of Oceanography, Goa
Centre for Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences (CAOS), Indian Institute of Science (IISc)[19]
Indian National Center for Ocean Information Services (INCOIS), Hyderabad, India.[20]
School of Marine Sciences, Cochin university of science and technology (CUSAT), Kerala
School of Industrial fisheries, Cochin university of science and technology (CUSAT), Kerala
Kerala University of Fisheries and Ocean Studies (KUFOS)
Faculty of Marine Sciences, Annamalai University, Tamil Nadu. [21]
Marine Planktonology and Aquaculture Division, Department of Marine Science, Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli-24 [22]
Department of Marine Science, University of Calcutta ( http://www.caluniv.ac.in/]
School of Oceanographic Studies,Jadavpur University [23]
Centre for Ocean and Coastal Studies, University of Madras
School of Energy Environment & Natural Resources, Madurai Kamaraj University, Tami Nadu [24]
Department of Marine Sciences, Goa University, Goa (www.unigoa.ac.in)
Department of Post Graduate Studies in Marine Biology, Karnatak University Post Graduate centre, Karwar. Karnataka University. Dharwad
Department of Marine Sciences (1978), Berhampur University, Odisha
School of Earth, Ocean & Climate Sciences, IIT Bhubaneswar, Odisha
Center for Earth and Space Sciences -UCESS-University Of Hyderabad,Hyderabad
National Centre for Antarctic and Ocean research (NCAOR), Vasco, Goa, 403804 [www.ncaor.gov.in]
Institute of Ocean Management (IOM), Anna University, Chennai
National Centre for Sustainable Coastal Management (NCSCM), Chennai
Indonesia[edit]
[[ Bogor Agricultural University. Marine Science and Technology Department ]], Bogor
Bandung Institute of Technology, Bandung
Diponegoro University, Semarang
Iran[edit]
Iranian National Institute for Oceanography and Atmospheric Science
Khorramshahr marine science and technology university
Islamic azad university of Tehran
Ireland[edit]
The Irish Marine Institute
Ryan Institute for Environmental, Marine and Energy Research, National University of Ireland, Galway (NUIG)
Coastal and Marine Research Centre, University College Cork (UCC)
Israel[edit]
Israel Oceanographic and Limnological Research Institute (IOLR)
The Leon H. Charney School of Marine Sciences - University of Haifa
Italy[edit]
Italian National Research Council
OGS (Istituto Nazionale di Oceanografia e di Geofisica Sperimentale)
CoNISMa (National Inter-University Consortium of Marine Sciences)
Japan[edit]
Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science and Technology
Tokyo University of Marine Science and Technology
Kobe University
University of the Ryukyus
Lithuania[edit]
Coastal Research and Planning Institute (CORPI), Klaipėda
Mexico[edit]
Centro de Investigación Científica y de Educación Superior de Ensenada (CICESE), Ensenada
Instituto de Ciencias del Mar y Limnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, México City
Facultad de Ciencias del Mar, Universidad Autónoma de Sinaloa, Mazatlán
Instituto de Ciencias del Mar y Limnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mazatlán
Instituto de Ciencias del Mar y Limnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Puerto Morelos
Instituto de Investigaciones Oceanológicas, Universidad Autónoma de Baja California, Ensenada
Universidad del Mar, Puerto Ángel, Oaxaca.
Netherlands[edit]
Royal Netherlands Institute for Sea Research
University of Groningen
Norway[edit]
Institute of Marine Research
Pakistan[edit]
Lasbela University of Agriculture, Water and Marine Sciences, Balochistan[6]
National Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Science and Technology[7]
Philippines[edit]
Marine Science Institute, University of the Philippines - Diliman Marine Science Institute, UP Diliman
Poland[edit]
Institute of Oceanography PAN
Portugal[edit]
CCMAR-Centre of Marine Sciences
CIMAR -Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research
Hydrographic Institute
DOP - department of Oceanography and Fisheries
Institute of Oceanography, University of Lisbon
Russia[edit]
P. P. Shirshov Institute of Oceanology, Russian Academy of Sciences
Russian State Hydrometeorological University
Saint Petersburg State University
Lomonosov Moscow State University
Far Eastern Federal University
Il`ichev Pacific Oceanological Institute, Vladivostok
Yelyakov Pacific Institute of Bio-organic Chemistry, FEB RAS, Vladivostok
Zhirmunsky Institute of the Biology of the Sea, FEB RAS, Vladivostok
Institute of Marine Technologies Problems, FEB RAS, Vladivostok
Pacific Research Fisheries Center (TINRO-Center, Vladivostok)
South Korea[edit]
The Department of Ocean System Science, Pusan National University[8]
School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Seoul National University[9]
Spain[edit]
CASEM (Marine Sciences Studies Andalusian High Center), Cádiz
ICM, Marine Sciences Institute
Oceanic Platform of the Canary Islands
Spanish Institute of Oceanology, Madrid
UTM, Marine Technology Unit
Sweden[edit]
Stockholm Marine Research Centre
Taiwan (Republic of China)[edit]
Center for Maritime History, Academia Sinica
Institute of Marine Biology, National Sun Yat-Sen University
Institute of Marine Biotechnology, National Dong Hwa University
Institute of Marine Environmental Science and Technology, National Taiwan Normal University
Institute of Oceanography, National Taiwan University
National Taiwan Ocean University
Turkey[edit]
Institute of Marine Sciences, Middle East Technical University
Ukraine[edit]
Marine Hydrophysical Institute, National Academy of Sciences
United Kingdom[edit]
National Oceanography Centre, Southampton
Gatty Marine Laboratory, St Andrews, Scotland
Plymouth Marine Laboratory, Plymouth
Proudman Oceanographic Laboratory, Liverpool
British Oceanographic Data Centre [25], Liverpool
Hadley Centre for Climate Prediction and Research, Met Office, Exeter
Scott Polar Research Institute, Cambridge
Dunstaffnage Marine Laboratory, Oban
Bangor Marine Laboratory, Bangor
United States[edit]
American Geophysical Union
American Society of Limnology and Oceanography
Bigelow Laboratory for Ocean Sciences (Maine)
Florida Institute of Technology
Harbor Branch Oceanographic Institution HBOI
iversity]]
Hawaii Pacific University [26]
Humboldt State University (California)
National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA)
Florida State University
Georgia Institute of Technology
Louisiana State University
Marine Biological Laboratory (MBL)
Monterey Bay Aquarium Research Institute (MBARI)
Moss Landing Marine Laboratories
Marine Science Center, Northeastern University
NASA Goddard Space Flight Center
Naval Oceanographic Office
Naval Postgraduate School
Nova Southeastern University
Old Dominion University
Oregon State University
Princeton University
Rosenstiel School of Marine and Atmospheric Science, University of Miami
Rutgers University (New Brunswick)
Schmidt Ocean Institute
School of Marine and Atmospheric Sciences, Stony Brook University, SoMAS
Sea Education Association (SEA)
Scripps Institution of Oceanography
Texas A&M University
University of Alaska Fairbanks
University of California-Davis
University of California-Santa Barbara
University of California-Santa Cruz
University of California-San Diego
University of Connecticut
University of Colorado (Boulder)
University of Delaware, College of Earth, Ocean and Environment
University of Florida
University of Hawaii (Manoa) SOEST
University of Maine
University of Massachusetts, Boston
University of Michigan
University of New Hampshire, School of Marine Science and Ocean Engineering
University of Rhode Island
University of South Carolina
University of South Florida
University of Southern Mississippi
University of Texas (Austin)
University of Washington (Seattle)
University of North Carolina at Wilmington
Virginia Institute of Marine Science VIMS
Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, WHOI



This list is incomplete; you can help by expanding it.
References[edit]
1.Jump up ^ http://www.du.ac.bd/department/common/home.php?bodyid=OCG
2.Jump up ^ http://www.univdhaka.edu
3.Jump up ^ http://www.imscu.ac.bd/
4.Jump up ^ MARE homepage
5.Jump up ^ http://www.hku.hk/swims/
6.Jump up ^ LUAWMS-Balochistan
7.Jump up ^ NIO-Pakistan
8.Jump up ^ [1]
9.Jump up ^ [2]
 


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Oceanarium
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 The Oceanarium in Lisbon, Portugal
An oceanarium can be either a marine mammal park, such as Marineland of Florida, or a large-scale aquarium, such as the Lisbon Oceanarium, presenting an ocean habitat with marine animals, especially large ocean dwellers such as sharks.


Contents  [hide]
1 Marine mammal parks
2 World's largest marine life park
3 Marine public aquariums
4 See also
5 Notes
6 Further reading
7 External links

Marine mammal parks[edit]
Marineland of Florida, one of the first theme parks in Florida, USA, started in 1938, claims to be "the world's first oceanarium"
Marineland of Florida was developed as Marine Studios near St. Augustine in Marineland, Florida, which was followed in Florida by Miami Seaquarium, opened in 1955 and in California by Marineland of the Pacific, opened in 1954 near Los Angeles, and Marine World, Africa USA, opened in 1968 near San Francisco.
SeaWorld San Diego was opened in 1964, developed by four fraternity brothers Milt Shedd, Ken Norris, David DeMott and George Millay. SeaWorld Aurora opened in 1970 near Cleveland, Ohio. SeaWorld Orlando was opened in 1973. SeaWorld (San Diego, Aurora, Orlando) was sold to Harcourt Brace Jovanovich (a publishing company listed on the New York Stock Exchange) in 1976. They purchased Marineland of the Pacific in 1986 and closed the park. They had opened SeaWorld San Antonio in 1988. In 1989 they sold SeaWorld (San Diego, Aurora, Orlando, San Antonio) to Anheuser-Busch, the world's largest brewer and owner of the Busch Gardens Safari Parks, for US$ 1.1 billion. In 2001, Anheuser-Busch sold the Ohio park which finally ceased its activities in 2004. In the capital of Kazakhstan is situated the only Oceanarium in Central Asia
World's largest marine life park[edit]
The Marine Life Park located within Resorts World Sentosa in Singapore is the world’s largest oceanarium, with over 100,000 animals of more than 800 species in 45,000,000 l (9,900,000 imp gal; 12,000,000 US gal) of water.[1] Resorts World Sentosa has made research and education cornerstones of this attraction, which aims to inspire, educate and enrich the understanding and protection of the oceans.
Marine public aquariums[edit]
Modern marine aquariums try to create natural environments. A host of marine animals swim together in the four-story cylindrical tank of the New England Aquarium in Boston, which opened in 1969. At the National Aquarium in Baltimore, which opened in 1981, a walkway spirals up through the center of two gigantic cylindrical tanks, the Atlantic Coral Reef and the Open Ocean, which display sharks, sawfish, and other sea creatures. Since then, many new aquariums have sought even greater realism, often concentrating on local environments. The richly endowed Monterey Bay Aquarium in California, which opened in 1984, is an outstanding example.[2]
See also[edit]
Manila Ocean Park
Nordsøen Oceanarium, Hirtshals, Denmark.
Dolphinarium
Public aquarium
UnderWater World Guam
Notes[edit]
1.Jump up ^ "World's largest oceanarium opens". CNNGo Staff (CNN). 2012-11-22.
2.Jump up ^ Taylor, Leighton R., Aquariums: Windows to Nature, Prentice Hall General Reference, New York, 1993. ISBN 0-671-85019-9
Further reading[edit]
Lou Jacobs, Wonders of an oceanarium: The story of marine life in captivity. Golden Gate Junior Books, 1965.
Joanne F. Oppenheim, Oceanarium. BBooks, 1994. ISBN 0-553-09520-X.
Patryla, Jim. (2005). A Photographic Journey Back To Marineland of the Pacific. Lulu Publishing. ISBN 978-1-4116-7130-0.
External links[edit]
Oceanarium — The Bournemouth Aquarium, UK
Oceanarium, West Australia — suppliers of marine aquarium specimens
Marine Life Park - Resorts World @ Sentosa


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Marineland of Florida
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Marine Studios

U.S. National Register of Historic Places

Florida Marineland01.jpg




Marineland of Florida is located in Florida
Marineland of Florida


Location
Marineland, Florida
Coordinates
29°40′6″N 81°12′46″WCoordinates: 29°40′6″N 81°12′46″W
Built
1937[2]
Architect
John Walter Wood and M.F. Hasbrouch[2]
Architectural style
Moderne style[2]
Governing body
Georgia Aquarium
NRHP Reference #
86000831[1]
Added to NRHP
April 14, 1986
Marineland of Florida (usually just called Marineland), one of Florida's first marine mammal parks, is billed as "the world's first oceanarium". Marineland functions as an entertainment and swim-with-the-dolphins facility, and reopened to the public on March 4, 2006 (charging the original 1938 admission price of one dollar).
On the first day of 2011, the park was purchased by the Georgia Aquarium for a reported 9.1 million dollars.[3] The seller was Jim Jacoby, an Atlanta developer and member of the Georgia Aquarium board of directors, who bought the park in 2004 and redeveloped it.


Contents  [hide]
1 History 1.1 Beginnings
1.2 Decline
1.3 Rebirth
2 References
3 External links

History[edit]
Beginnings[edit]



 Marineland porpoise with the 1963 Citrus Queen.


 Moby the Whale gets a dental checkup, 1964.
Marineland was first conceived by W. Douglas Burden, Cornelius Vanderbilt Whitney, Sherman Pratt, and Ilya Andreyevich Tolstoy (grandson of Leo Tolstoy) as an oceanarium that could be used to film marine life. A site was selected on the Atlantic Ocean south of St. Augustine, eventually known as the town of Marineland. The site of Marineland is within a 20,000-acre (8,100 ha) grant given to London barrister Levett Blackborne in 1767. The well-connected Blackborne, grandson of Sir Richard Levett, Lord Mayor of London, never settled his grant (nor even visited Florida), and eventually Blackborne's plantation was regranted to John Graham, a Georgia Loyalist fleeing the Revolutionary War.[4] Ultimately, the land that is today Marineland was broken up over the years into smaller parcels.[citation needed]
Financing and construction presented challenges as Marineland was the first attempt at capturing and sustaining sea creatures. These challenges were overcome. Construction and engineering were carried out Arthur Franklin Perry Co. of Jacksonville. On June 23, 1938, "Marine Studios" (the name "Marineland of Florida" would later be adopted) began operations with its main attraction a bottlenose dolphin. Unexpectedly, over 20,000 tourists clogged Highway A1A to visit the new attraction. For many decades Marineland consisted of not only the oceanariums but several amenities including a motel (Marine Village Court, Marineland Motel and Quality Inn/Marineland); Dolphin Restaurant and Moby Dick Lounge; Periwinkle Snack Bar and Sandpiper Snack Bar; Marineland Marina; plus fruit shop and gift shop; and a pier at the north end of the facility. A Texaco service station was adjacent to the Periwinkle Snack Bar, and Greyhound Bus Lines stopped regularly during its St. Augustine to Daytona Beach run.[citation needed]
The total property area consisted of 125 acres (51 ha) sandwiched between the Atlantic Ocean and the Intracoastal Waterway. Originally planned for the St. Augustine area, residents of that community did not look favorably on the attraction being located there; thus the new site south of Matanzas Inlet was chosen.[citation needed]
Having the grandson of Leo Tolstoy involved in the project helped Marineland become a very fashionable destination in its early days, prompting writers Marjorie Kinnan Rawlings, John Dos Passos, and Ernest Hemingway to visit Moby Dick's Bar located there. Ms. Rawlings was married to Norton Baskin who at one time (1950s/early 1960s) was the operator/manager of the Dolphin Restaurant/Moby Dick Lounge. The park's facilities were very popular with tourists and also used for numerous movies, including Creature from the Black Lagoon (1954) and Revenge of the Creature (1955). Trained dolphins became an additional attraction in the early 1950s as Marineland became one of Florida's major attractions, attracting over 900,000 visitors per year with peak attendance in the mid-1970s. The opening of Walt Disney World Resort in 1971 gave a major boost to the attraction's annual attendance. However, Sea World's entry into the Florida market eventually had a very negative impact on Marineland from the late 1970s through the 2009. Many publications erroneously[why?] note the peak attendance as having been 300,000.[clarification needed] The break-even admission point was actually 400,000, however, even during the 1950s.[citation needed]
Decline[edit]
Cornelius Vanderbilt Whitney who was the major stockholder of the private company opted to sell the marine park in the mid-1980s to a group of St. Augustine businessmen. With declining attendance, bad management and other issues, the group was unable to meet their loan payments and the attraction was again put on the market. Ownership change was the norm from that point.
Eventually the maintenance demands of the old park became too costly for the real estate investment group who owned it at that time. The facility began to sink into disrepair as the owners desperately sought a buyer. Finally, through a convoluted deal involving junk bonds, the property was sold. The buyers planned to build time-share condominiums on most of the ocean hammock land but were unable to bring the plan to fruition. This effort resulted in bankruptcy for the buyers. In addition, the already-strapped oceanarium had been reconfigured as a non-profit foundation as part of the sale and was responsible for its own sustenance as well as repayment of the bond issue. Needed monies were not invested in repairs, and the shabby condition of the park offended even the most loyal fans. With no direct ownership, no funding, and the financial burden of bond interest payments, employees were left to cope with equipment failures, no marketing, loss of credit, bounced paychecks, government inspections and the custodianship of the marine mammals, fish and birds. During this era, many devoted individuals and businesses contributed materials and services to help employees keep the place going. In the end, the foundation repaid the bondholders pennies on the dollar, a large part of Marineland's dolphin population was sold off to Orlando, and the current owner came in and picked up the pieces.



 Dolphin Show
Rebirth[edit]
Hurricanes Floyd and Irene in 1999 forced the park to close for two months. In 2003, all of the park buildings west of Highway A1A were demolished leaving only the original structures along the Atlantic Ocean. In 2004, the park closed completely for renovations, and reopened on March 4, 2006.[citation needed]
During the renovations the original 1938 Circular Oceanarium (400,000 US gallons (1,500,000 l; 330,000 imp gal)) and Rectangular Oceanarium (450,000 US gallons (1,700,000 l; 370,000 imp gal)) were demolished. The age of the original Dolphin Show at Marineland ended as the park reopened as a hands on educational facility. Future plans for the area include a condominium development on former park lands. The rest of the old Marineland property wound up in the hands of Flagler County and now make up the River to the Sea Preserve one of the County's many parks.[citation needed]
With a gift from Cornelius Vanderbilt Whitney of slightly more than 3 acres (1.2 ha) of land together with his donation of about half of the total constructions costs, on January 30, 1974 the University of Florida opened the Whitney Marine Laboratory adjacent to Marineland. This laboratory's purpose was the experimental study of marine animals but it was separate from the lab that was once operated by Marineland. Marine Studios through their Research Facility contributed greatly to the understanding of porpoises thanks to Arthur McBride, Forrest Woods and other marine biologists. The staff at Marineland was a "first responder" for hundreds of whale strandings along the southeastern Atlantic Coast during its existence.[citation needed]
Three bottlenose dolphins were born at the newly constructed Dolphin Conservation center in July 2008, two males and one female. The calves were named in November 2008.[citation needed]
In January 2011, Marineland was sold yet again and it is currently being operated as a subsidiary of the Georgia Aquarium. Now Marineland Dolphin Adventure, this dolphin resort offers several swim with dolphins programs as well as educational programs.[citation needed]
References[edit]
1.Jump up ^ "National Register of Historical Places - Florida (Fla.), Flagler County". National Register of Historic Places. National Park Service. 1986. Retrieved 4 January 2010.
2.^ Jump up to: a b c "Marine Studios". Florida Heritage Tourism Interactive Catalog. Florida's Office of Cultural and Historical Programs. Retrieved 17 August 2007.[dead link]
3.Jump up ^ Ruggieri, Melissa (3 January 2011). "Georgia Aquarium buys Florida's Marineland". ajc.com. Atlanta Journal-Constitution. Retrieved 4 January 2011.
4.Jump up ^ "Town of Marineland Sustainable Tourism Comprehensive Plan Element". law.ufl.edu. University of Florida Conservation Clinic. Retrieved 4 January 2010.
External links[edit]
 Wikimedia Commons has media related to Marineland of Florida.
Marineland of Florida
A look at Marineland since 1948 through 3D View-Master


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Categories: Buildings and structures in Flagler County, Florida
Oceanaria in the United States
National Register of Historic Places in Florida
Visitor attractions in Flagler County, Florida
1937 establishments in the United States











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Atlantic Oceanographic and Meteorological Laboratory
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Atlantic Oceanographic and Meteorological Laboratory
Aomlogo.svg
Agency overview

Formed
1973
Headquarters
Virginia Key, Miami, Florida
Agency executives
Dr. Robert M. Atlas, Director
 Dr. Alan Leonardi, Deputy Director
Parent agency
National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration
Website
http://www.aoml.noaa.gov
The Atlantic Oceanographic and Meteorological Laboratory (AOML), a federal research laboratory, is part of National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration's (NOAA) Office of Oceanic and Atmospheric Research (OAR), located in Miami, Florida. AOML's research spans tropical cyclone and hurricanes, coastal ecosystems, oceans and human health, climate studies, global carbon systems, and ocean observations. It is one of seven NOAA Research Laboratories (RLs).[1]
AOML’s organizational structure consists of an Office of the Director and three scientific research divisions. The Office of the Director oversees the Laboratory’s scientific programs, as well as its financial, administrative, computer, outreach/education, and facility management services. Research programs are augmented by the Cooperative Institute for Marine and Atmospheric Studies (CIMAS), a joint enterprise with the University of Miami’s Rosenstiel School of Marine and Atmospheric Science. CIMAS enables AOML and university scientists to collaborate on research areas of mutual interest and facilitates the participation of students and visiting scientists.
The Laboratory is a member of a unique community of marine research and educational institutions located on Virginia Key in Miami, Florida. Approximately $150M per year is invested in marine science and education among the University of Miami's Rosenstiel School of Marine and Atmospheric Science, NOAA's Southeast Fisheries Science Center, the Miami Seaquarium, the Maritime and Science Technology Academy (MAST Academy).


Contents  [hide]
1 History
2 Research 2.1 Oceans and climate
2.2 Coastal ecosystems
2.3 Hurricanes and tropical meteorology
3 References
4 External links

History[edit]
The deeper roots of AOML can be traced to the oceanographic investigations of the U.S. Coast Survey beginning in the mid-19th century under the direction of Professor Alexander Dallas Bache, great grandson of Benjamin Franklin and a preeminent U.S. science figure of the age. In subsequent decades, the urgency of charting coastal waters in support of growing commerce, a task increased by the acquisition of Alaska, Hawaii, and other island territories, came to require all the resources of the Coast Survey.
The modern era can be considered to have begun during the 1960s. In early 1966, an Institute for Oceanography was created, primarily from research groups of the then U.S. Coast and Geodetic Survey of the Environmental Science Services Administration (ESSA, forerunner of NOAA). The following year the Institute was relocated to Miami for a variety of reasons, including the presence already in Miami of meteorological research groups of ESSA dedicated to hurricane research, and air-sea interaction was a hot topic of the time in weather research.
All of these groups were reorganized as the Atlantic Oceanographic and Meteorological Laboratories (AOML) and by 1973 took occupancy in the new laboratory constructed on Virginia Key.
Emphasis at AOML continues to be on making and interpreting observations of the ocean and atmosphere from ships, buoys, and research aircraft. The motivation and objectives of our research is continually evolving, however. In the beginning, study of the geology, geophysics, and sedimentation of the sea floor was the largest activity of the Laboratory, but it has diminished to a smaller part of ecosystem research. Research in response to concerns for marine environmental quality and large-scale physics and chemistry of the oceans related to climate variation and global change have supplemented the original themes. Research into the nature and mechanisms of hurricanes has been and is also expected to continue as a major theme in view of the importance of this natural hazard to the Atlantic and Gulf coasts of the United States.
New projects include expansion of the use of satellite and locally operated remote sensing techniques to enhance the coverage and detail of observations. Outreach via electronic communication is enabling AOML to serve a larger constituency with access to oceanographic and meteorological observations.
Research[edit]
AOML conducts mission oriented scientific research that seeks to understand the physical, chemical, and biological characteristics and processes of the ocean and atmosphere, both separately and as a coupled system. The Laboratory’s research themes (oceans and climate, coastal ecosystems, and hurricanes and tropical meteorology) employ a cross-disciplinary approach, conducted through collaborative interactions with national and international research and environmental forecasting institutions. More information about AOML's research can be found at http://www.aoml.noaa.gov/research.
Oceans and climate[edit]
AOML conducts ocean and climate studies to better understand the large-scale setting for regional climate signals. The research particularly emphasizes interannual and longer time scales of variability (http://www.aoml.noaa.gov/phod).
AOML manages global ocean observing systems and, with these and other data, conducts research in several areas including studies of the El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) phenomena, North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO), tropical Atlantic variability, the Meridional Overturning Cell, wind-driven gyres in the Atlantic, the global carbon cycle, and other climatically-relevant atmospheric compounds. Embedded within these studies are activities directed at the circulation of the tropical Atlantic, western boundary currents including the Gulf Stream and Deep Western Boundary Current, and the oceanography of the Caribbean Sea, Gulf of Mexico, and coastal Florida.
Oceans and climate related research projects:
Meridional overturning circulation
Tropical Atlantic variability
Oceans and weather
Physical oceanography
Oceans and ecosystems
Global carbon cycle
Coastal ecosystems[edit]
Coastal and regional ecosystem research has been a focus of AOML activities for more than two decades. Current interdisciplinary field efforts include physical, biological, and chemical studies supporting the South Florida Ecosystem Restoration (SFER) effort and the underlying health of this ecosystem to the regional Intra-Americas Sea program, as well as the status and health of coral reef ecosystems worldwide.
Coastal Ecosystem related research projects:
Global carbon cycle
Climate change
Coastal pollution
Fishing effects
Physical oceanography of coral reefs
Coral health and monitoring program
Petroleum and oil spill research
Marine and Estuarine Goal Setting for South Florida (MARES) Project
Hurricanes and tropical meteorology[edit]
Tropical meteorology research at AOML is focused on advancing the understanding and prediction of hurricanes and other tropical weather. Scientists conduct their research utilizing a combination of models, theories, and observations, with particular emphasis on data obtained with research aircraft in the inner core of tropical cyclones and their surrounding environment.
Hurricanes and tropical meteorology related research projects:
Track forecasting
Hurricane intensity change
Climate variation
Hurricane impacts
Administrative projects
References[edit]
1.Jump up ^ "NOAA Research Laboratories". NOAA Office of Oceanic and Atmospheric Research. Retrieved 2014-04-26.
External links[edit]
Atlantic Oceanographic and Meteorological Laboratory (AOML)
 


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Bermuda Biological Station for Research
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The Bermuda Biological Station for Research (BBSR) is an independent non-profit science and education center located in Ferry Reach, St. George, Bermuda. The Station, founded in 1903 and incorporated in 1926, hosts a full-time faculty of oceanographers, biologists, and environmental scientists; and a body of graduate and undergraduate students, K–13 tours.
On September 5, 2006, the former Bio Station changed its name to reflect its new reality as a global institution to Bermuda Institute of Ocean Sciences (BIOS).
External links[edit]
Bermuda Institute of Ocean Sciences


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Bermuda Institute of Ocean Sciences
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R/V Atlantic Explorer at the BIOS dock.

 R/V Atlantic Explorer at the dock.
The Bermuda Institute of Ocean Sciences (known as BIOS) is an independent, non-profit marine science and education institute located in Ferry Reach, St. George's, Bermuda. The Institute, founded in 1903 as the Bermuda Biological Station, hosts a full-time faculty of oceanographers, biologists, and environmental scientists, graduate and undergraduate students, K-12 groups, and Road Scholar (formerly Elderhostel) groups. BIOS’s strategic mid-Atlantic Ocean location has at its doorstep a diverse marine environment, with close proximity to deep ocean as well as coral reef and near shore habitats.
Prior to 5 September 2006, BIOS was known as the Bermuda Biological Station for Research (BBSR).


Contents  [hide]
1 History
2 Notable Visitors
3 Research Programs
4 Education Programs
5 Research Vessel
6 See also
7 External links

History[edit]
Founded in 1903 and incorporated in New York as a US not-for-profit institution in 1926, in its initial years BIOS was a seasonal field station for visiting zoologists and biologists to take advantage of Bermuda's diverse marine environment. After the Second World War, BIOS became a year-round research center, anchored by the establishment in 1954 of Hydrostation ‘S’: regular deep ocean observations of a single point in the ocean that continue today, creating the longest continuous oceanic database in the world. During the following few decades, increasing numbers of visiting scientists brought an increased emphasis on biological and geological studies.
Resident scientific programs strengthened in the 1980s as the institute became a key link in an international effort to describe and understand the ocean-atmosphere system. In 1998, BIOS established the International Center for Ocean and Human Health, considered the first of its kind to explore the ocean health/human health connection on a global scale. The Center for Integrated Ocean Observations was established in 1999 and uses new technologies to build on a century of marine research at the institute.
Other notable dates: 1978: Oceanic Flux Program begins, the longest record of deep ocean sediment-trap studies in the world. 1988: Bermuda Atlantic Time-series Study (BATS) begins, establishing BIOS as one of two US centers for time-series studies on temporal variability in the ocean and providing key data on changing climate and the ocean. 1994: Risk Prediction Initiative, a collaboration between climate scientists and reinsurers, is established.
Notable Visitors[edit]
Summers from 1928 to 1939, oceanographic explorer William Beebe worked in Bermuda. During those years, Beebe visited BIOS (then the Bermuda Biological Station for Research) and worked with BIOS staff. While Beebe is best remembered for his Bathysphere dives at Nonsuch Island, he made a number of other significant scientific contributions during his stay, mainly the discovery of new species of marine life.
Research Programs[edit]
BIOS has a range of research programs investigating the role of the ocean in global climate, the health of coral reefs, and the connection between healthy oceans and healthy people. The geographical range is not restricted to the waters around Bermuda, but also extends to the Arctic, the Antarctic and the tropics. The Center for Integrated Ocean Observations program is an international collaboration of oceanographers and climate scientists. Taking advantage of Bermuda's unique position, their goal is to better understand the biological, chemical and physical processes that take place in the ocean and the ocean's role in regulating the Earth's climate. The International Center for Ocean and Human Health is designed to address both health of the ocean (such as pollution threats) and health from the ocean (including nutrients and pharmaceutical applications). Working with experts on ocean acidification, coral reefs, ecotoxicology, algal biofuel, and the carbon cycle. The Risk Prediction Initiative (RPI) program brings climate scientists and insurers together to collaborate to identify new directions for climate research. Matching the Institute's unique research ability with Bermuda's insurance market, this business-science partnership provides rapid, current and comprehensive information to those parts of the business community affected by environmental change.
Education Programs[edit]
BIOS Education Programs offer a unique range of practical-experience educational opportunities in a variety of areas of marine science, including on board the 168-foot R/V Atlantic Explorer.
Nippon Foundation-POGO Centre of Excellence in Observational Oceanography As the Centre of Excellence of the Partnership for Observation of the Global Oceans (POGO), BIOS provides an intensive training program in observational oceanography for young professionals from developing nations.
NSF-Research Experiences for Undergraduates Program (REU) Funded by the National Science Foundation-REU, BIOS offers fellowships for undergraduate student research in marine science, oceanography and global climate change. Students are mentored during semester-long individual research projects with BIOS researchers.
BIOS undergraduate courses offer an immersion into the study of marine sciences with a unique program of class work and practical research in the field including scientific diving skills. Collaborative semester sessions with accredited institutions include Princeton University, the University of Rhode Island, Roger Williams University and the University of Southampton. Classes are offered in Summer and Fall and course topics range from Microbial Oceanography: The Biogeochemistry, Ecology and Genomics of Oceanic Microbial Ecosystems, to Marine Invertebrate Zoology and Coral Reef Ecology.
BIOS offers two formal graduate programs: a collaborative doctoral degree program with University of Southampton and a joint PhD program with Princeton University. Students conduct their research on site under the dual supervision of faculty from BIOS and the partner institution.
Volunteer Internships are three- to six-month positions working in the laboratories of BIOS's faculty members. Interns have the opportunity to contribute to the work of a member of faculty that is carrying out research in an area of particular interest to the student.
Ocean Academy K-12 Environmental Education: Waterstart is an outdoor environmental education program for teens. The program involves a balance of aquatic skill lessons, SCUBA training, environmental investigations and team building. The Explorer Program is an interactive year-round science program that provides hands-on experience for students and teachers alike, and teachers are also equipped with online curriculum materials. The Bermuda Program offers an opportunity for Bermudian interns to study the local environment, working side-by-side with BIOS scientists.
Visiting Group Experiences Schools and universities around the world have come to BIOS for field and lab activities tailored to suit their needs. BIOS Faculty and staff direct and supervise fieldtrips and lab sessions for student groups to actively participate in, on a variety of scientific topics.
The Road Scholar (formerly Elderhostel) program has been operating at BIOS since 1982, offering participants room and board, lecture and lab sessions by staff and speakers from around the island, and field trips. Topics of study feature Bermuda’s unique flora and fauna, and history and heritage.
Research Vessel[edit]

Preparing the CTD for deployment.

 Preparing the CTD for deployment from the R/V Atlantic Exporer
The R/V Atlantic Explorer is a research vessel owned and operated by the Bermuda Institute of Ocean Sciences and is supported by the National Science Foundation and BIOS. It operates in compliance with United States Coast Guard, University-National Oceanographic Laboratory System (UNOLS) and American Bureau of Shipping (ABS) rules and regulations.
The 168 ft Atlantic Explorer is equipped with navigation, laboratory and mechanical systems and equipment to support biological, geological, chemical and physical oceanographic research. Deploying and recovering deep ocean instrumentation moorings, conducting CTD casts, chemical sampling, and gear testing are among the number of operations within the ship's capabilities.
Ready access of two hours or more from Bermuda to the deep ocean makes the Atlantic Explorer useful for both short and extended cruises, for repetitive sampling and time-series research, and for projects requiring analytical and other sophisticated shore facilities.
See also[edit]
Bermuda Atlantic Time-series Study
External links[edit]
Bermuda Institute of Ocean Sciences

BIOS Education Programs
Ocean Academy
Bermuda Atlantic Time-series Study
Bermuda Ocean Acidification and Coral Reef Investigation (BEACON)
Bermuda Bio-Optics Project
Bermuda Testbed Mooring
Coral Reproduction and Recruitment
Environmental Quality Program
Hydrostation 'S'
Marine Environmental Program
Molecular Discovery Lab
Oceanic Flux Program
Oceanic Microbial Observatory
Risk Prediction Initiative
Tudor Hill Atmospheric Observatory
DynAMITE
Marine Phytoplankton Ecology
 


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CalCOFI
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CalCOFIStationMap.gif


CalCOFI (California Cooperative Oceanic Fisheries Investigations) is a multi-agency partnership formed in 1949 to investigate the collapse of the sardine population off California. The organization's members are from NOAA Fisheries Service, Scripps Institution of Oceanography, and California Department of Fish and Wildlife. The scope of this research has evolved into the study of marine ecosystems off California and the management of its fisheries resources. In 2004, the CalCOFI survey area became one of 26 LTER (Long Term Ecological Research, www.lternet.edu) research sites. This time-series of oceanographic and fisheries data allows scientists to assess the human impact and effects of climate change on the coastal ocean ecosystem. CalCOFI hydrographic & biological data, publications, and web information are distributed for use without restriction under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License.


Contents  [hide]
1 Origin
2 Sampling Pattern
3 Gear Used 3.1 CalCOFI Nets
3.2 Supplementary Nets
4 Oceanography of the Southern California Current System
5 Past and Ongoing Studies
6 Publications and Distribution
7 Further Information
8 References

Origin[edit]
The Pacific Sardine Fishery was once the largest fishery by volume of the North American Pacific Coast. The fishery developed in the 1920s, peaking in the 1930s with Sardine landings reaching over 700,000 tons in California, but was followed by a precipitous collapse in the 1940s.[1] Recommendations and early warnings of a fishery collapse were given throughout the period with an emphasis of setting annual catch limits given by fishery scientists for example Scofield and Frances Clark.[2][3] Disregarding the early warnings the Pacific Sardine fishery continued in part driven by the wartime requirement for cheap sources of protein and by the 1940s and 1950s catches declined by an order of magnitude to 80,000 tons. In the decade that followed sardine catches continued to decline to 20,000 tons in the 1960s.
The Sardine Fishery collapse was a major catalyst to the development of the California Cooperative Sardine Research Program- a precursor to the CalCOFI program. The consensus concern for the program was whether this collapse was due to increased fishing pressure or environmental change. The program was initially led by Oscar Elton Sette, who forged a collaboration between research institutions (Scripps Institution of Oceanography) and government agencies (California Fish and Game Commission- recently renamed the California Department of Fish and Wildlife- and the United States Fish Commission- now known as the NOAA Fisheries Service) with the goal of resource management and fisheries conservation of the Eastern Pacific.[4]
The CalCOFI program was initially met with skepticism. The program was seen as a diversionary tactic initiating further picayune studies of sardine abundance to delay sardine catch regulations.[5] Nevertheless after the sardine fishery reached a low point in 1947 efforts were focused on the investigation of the underlying forces that govern sardine abundance.[6]
Sampling Pattern[edit]
The CalCOFI Station pattern was based on a centric-systematic-area design[7]
CalCOFI sampling lines were designed to be normal to the central California coast centered at Point Conception, designated as CalCOFI Line 80. The original sampling pattern extended from Line 10 at the US-Canada border to Line 120 off Point Eugenia, Baja California Mexico with a spacing of 120 miles between lines (i.e. distance between line 80 and 90 is 120 miles). Since its conception, additional lines were added within the domain creating a 40-mile spacing between lines which are now numbered in fractions of 3s and 7s (80, 83, 87, 90, etc.).[8]
Regular surveying began in 1951, however CalCOFI data go back to 1949. Like all research and fishery surveys, there are many variables which play a role in the design of the survey pattern. The CalCOFI program has surveyed a wide variety of spatial ranges. Thus, CalCOFI surveys are generally grouped into sampling domains which are commonly covered over the duration of this ecological study[8]
The largest sampling domain, which has been covered multiple times, is the area from the California-Oregon border to the tip of Baja California Sur, Mexico. This region was heavily surveyed in the 1950s (1951, 1952, 1954, 1956, 1958-1960, and 1972). Another large domain runs from San Francisco to southern Baja California (surveyed in 1953, 1955, 1957, 1961-1966, 1968, 1974, 1975, 1978, 1980, and 1981).
The sampling domain extending from San Diego to Avila Beach is today called the "core CalCOFI area". These 66 stations have been covered over the entire time series, with exceptions only due to years where no cruises were conducted. A series of inshore southern stations all at a water depth of approximately 20 m have been added to the core CalCOFI pattern in 2004, resulting in a 75 station pattern.
Less common sampling patterns of intermediate domain have also been conducted. This includes a survey region from San Francisco to San Diego which has become increasingly sampled during the spring survey, because the domain covers an expanded region of known sardine spawning grounds. The data from these spring cruise are heavily relied upon for sardine stock assessment and other related research.
Every line apart from the CalCOFI sampling scheme and its corresponding stations has experienced some degree of difference and variation in spatial and temporal sampling frequency. Furthermore, technological advances have allowed increasing amounts of new chemical, physical, and biological properties to be measured within the water column. Line 90, which is a part of the core CalCOFI station domain positioned across the mid-Southern California Bight, is the best-sampled and most visited line in the time series. The data from Line 90 is used in many transect figures and analyses.
There are a variety of similar survey programs collecting analogous data across the west coast. These programs range in temporal and spatial extent. One such program is the Investigaciones Mexicanas de la Corriente de California (IMECOCAL) program out of Mexico which samples the Eastern Pacific around Baja California.[9][10][11]
Gear Used[edit]
A variety of nets and related instrumentation has been deployed on CalCOFI cruises over the years. many of these have been developed for use by the CalCOFI program. Oblique tows using a bongo net are employed to sample for micronekton, mesozooplankton and ichthyoplankton. Vertical tows for icthyoplankton and mesozooplankton are conducted using a Pairovet and PRPOOS nets. Finally, surface tows with a Manta net are used to sample neuston. Supplementary sampling focuses on collection of juvenile and small fish via trawling techniques. This includes using a Modified Isaacs Kidd Net, a Matsuda Oozeki Hu trawl (MOHT), and the Nordic rope trawl.
CalCOFI Nets[edit]
CalCOFI Nets

Net Name
Description

Bongo Net
Paired ringed nets towed obliquely from a depth of approx. 210m to the surface with ship speed at approx. 1-2knots. Water is filtered through the 505 micron nylon mesh nets with a mouth diameter of 0.71m.[8][12] The right side net is preserved in buffered 5% formalin and the left side in 90% ethanol. The bongo net is designed to collect mesozooplankton and its samples are critical in determining egg and larval mortality. The data is used in the Daily Egg Production Method for estimating the spawning stock biomass of sardine.[13][14][15] The net functions more efficiently at night due to the decreased amount of net avoidance by the zooplankton.[16][17] Tow depth, net configuration, mesh size and materials have been evolving since the program began. Comparisons of different net methodology and potential ramifications have been published.[8][18]
Pairovet
The Pairovet is used to collect ichthyoplankton via vertical tows from 70m to the sea-surface using paired 0.05m2 150 micron nylon mesh nets. The smaller nylon mesh is specially designed to retain fish eggs which are found in the upper 70m.[19][20] The net is employed specifically to collect anchovy eggs with 100% efficiency.[21] The aim of the Pairovet is to sample a constant volume of water at each site, thus it is crucial to keep the net straight up and down. Ship pitch and roll, water currents, net clogs, wire angle, and dragging in the neuston layer all are possible sources of variance and error. These potential variables may force sample out of the mouth of the device, and/or sample loss due to destruction of eggs.[22]
Manta Net
The manta net was developed to sample the sea-surface over a range of oceanic conditions. The net is able to veer away from the side of the vessel to avoid ship wake and have a mouth unobstructed by a bridle that might cause avoidance by organisms.[23] The net collects neuston or the animals found on the sea-surface via filtering water over a 505 micron net fixed with a 333 micron codend. A variety of fish species have a prolonged transformation between larval and juvenile stages of development during which time the organisms can be found in the surface layer.
Supplementary Nets[edit]
Supplementary Nets

Net Name
Description

Nordic Surface Trawl
Trawl aimed to sample and collect pelagic fish.[24] Samples the water using wide trawl doors with a 600m2 mouth area filtering water with an 8mm mesh. The net retains juveniles and certain large larval fish. Recently the net has been fastened with a marine mammal excluder device (MMEL) to decrease the amount of mammalian impact and mortality.[25] Data retrieved by the net is used to better understand fishery species spawning stock biomass, in particular the data is important for the Daily Egg Production Method as it samples a wide distribution of species and size-classes.[26][14] Additionally, size structure data is paramount in the use of acoustic biomass estimates.[27]
Modified Isaacs Kidd Trawl
Trawl designed to sample juvenile pelagic fish which can avoid other sampling nets by mid-water trawls. The primary target is mid-sized anchovy (15 – 60mm).[28] The frame samples a large volume of water while minimizing avoidance by the target organisms. The net filters about 7,000m3 or 100 times as much water per tow as a standard bongo net.[28]
Matsuda-Oozeki-Hu (MOHT) Trawl
Trawl designed to capture a multitude of mesopelagic organisms including: krill, late larval and juvenile fishes, and micronekton. Collects juvenile and small fish assemblages in conjunction with multifrequency acoustics to estimate the distribution and biomass of sampled species. The MOHT has a 5.5m2 mouth opening, and filters the water at up to 4.5 knots in a variety of oceanic conditions. The MOHT is fixed with a range of codend filters to sample a variety of different size classes. It samples the mesopelagic community in a better manner then the bongo or the rope trawl and its data is highly valuable in the determination of health and abundance of important fisheries.[29]
PRPOOS
The name of the PRPOOS net is derived from its use during the Planktonic Rate Processes in Oligotrophic Ocean Systems program. It was formally known as the Soutar-Hemmigway Animal Trap or “SHAT”. The net was introduced to CalCOFI cruises by the CCE-LTER program and it is a net designed to sample zooplankton using a 202 micron mesh net with a 50 cm diameter. The net is towed vertically to a depth of 210 m.[8]
Continuous Underway Fish Egg Sampler (CUFES)
Developed in the mid-1990s to identify fish eggs using video/optical plankton counter. The sampler functions by constantly pumping water from about 3m depth. The water passes through a variety of sampling collectors including an optical plankton counter.[30] Conceived to automate the collection and sorting of fish species, but though it gave promising results, manual identification is still required of the samples to minimize error and misidentification.[31] The problem is that many pelagic fish eggs share similar optical properties with copepod. Despite this hiccup, the CUFES is invaluable in the sampling of sardine and anchovy habitats.[30] CUFES data from cruises are commonly used with surface temperature and salinity data to show water mass characteristics where sardine, anchovy, and other important fishery species spawn.[31] The common use of the CUFES at sea is to inform where patches of high egg density are located which can be sampled via nets. The CUFES also impacts the relative confidence level of net sampling.[32] A variety of research is conducted to determine the relationship between CUFES egg data and net (pairvet, PRPOOS, etc.) sampled data. Confidence in relations determined is still in question. Thus, CUFES data alone cannot be used to determine estimates of stock biomass.[30] Nevertheless, the CUFES is an important tool in describing surface patchiness, providing extra data by designating an area as high or low surface egg density.[32]
Oceanography of the Southern California Current System[edit]
Wiki letter w.svg This section is empty. You can help by adding to it. (November 2013)
Past and Ongoing Studies[edit]
Wiki letter w.svg This section is empty. You can help by adding to it. (November 2013)
Publications and Distribution[edit]
Wiki letter w.svg This section is empty. You can help by adding to it. (November 2013)
Further Information[edit]
California Cooperative Oceanic Fisheries Investigations
CCE-LTER Long Term Ecological Research Network
NOAA Southwest Fisheries Science Center
Cal Fish & Wildlife Marine Resources
References[edit]
1.Jump up ^ Radovich, J.: “The collapse of the California sardine fishery.” What have we learned? California Cooperative Oceanic Fisheries Investigations 23, 56–78 (1982)
2.Jump up ^ Scofield, N.: Report of the Bureau of Commercial Fisheries. Thirty-first biennial report for the years 1928-1930. Tech. rep., California Division of Fish and Game (1931)
3.Jump up ^ Clark, F.: Measures of abundance of the sardine, Sardinops caerulea, in California waters. Fishery Bulletin California Division of Fish and Game 53 (1939)
4.Jump up ^ Kendall Jr., A., Duker, G.: “The development of recruitment fisheries oceanography in the United States.” Fisheries Oceanography 7(2), 69–88 (1998)
5.Jump up ^ Scofield, W.: Marine fisheries dates. On file at California State Fisheries Laboratory, Long Beach, California
6.Jump up ^ “Marine Research Committee: California Cooperative Sardine Research Program, Progress report 1950.” California Cooperative Oceanic Fisheries Investigations Reports 1 (1950)
7.Jump up ^ Milne, A.: “The centric systematic area sample treated as a random sample.” Biometrics 15(2), 270–297 (1959)
8.^ Jump up to: a b c d e Kramer, D., Kalin, M., Stevens, E., Thrailkill, J., Zweifel, J.: “Collecting and processing data on fish eggs and larvae in the California Current region.” NOAA Technical Report NMFS CIRC-370 (1972)
9.Jump up ^ Barlow, J., Henry, A., Redfern, J., Yack, T., Jackson, A., Hall, C., Archer, E., Ballance, L.: “Oregon, California and Washington line-transect and ecosystem (ORCAWALE) 2008 cruise report.” NOAA Technical Memorandum NMFS NOAA-TM-NMFS-SWFSC-465, 33 p, U.S. Department of Commerce (2010)
10.Jump up ^ Baumgartner, T., Durazo, R., Lavaniegos, B., Gaxiola, G., Gomez, G., Garcia, J.: “Ten years of change from IMECOCAL observations in the southern region of the California Current ecosystem.” In: GLOBEC International Newsletter, vol. 14, pp. 43–54. GLOBEC (2008)
11.Jump up ^ Emmett, R., Brodeur, R., Miller, T., Pool, S., Krutzikowsky, G., Bentley, P., McCrae, J.: “Pacific sardine (Sardinops sagax) abundance, distribution, and ecological relationships in the Pacific northwest.” California Cooperative Oceanic Fisheries Investigations Reports 46, 122–143 (2005)
12.Jump up ^ Smith, P., Richardson, S.: “Standard techniques for pelagic fish egg and larva surveys.” FAO Fisheries Technical Paper 175, Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (1977)
13.Jump up ^ Lo, N., Hunter, J., Hewitt, R.: “Precision and bias estimates of larval mortality.” Fishery Bulletin of the United States 87, 399–416 (1989)
14.^ Jump up to: a b Lo, N., Griffith, D., Macewicz, B.: “Spawning biomass of Pacific sardine (Sardinops sagax) from 1994-2004 off California.” California Cooperative Oceanic Fisheries Investigations Reports 46, 93–112 (2005)
15.Jump up ^ Lo, C., Macewicz, B., Griffith, D.: “Biomass and reproduction of Pacific sardine (Sardinops sagax) off the Pacific northwestern United States, 2003-2005.” Fishery Bulletin of the United States 108(2), 174–192 (2010)
16.Jump up ^ Ohman, M., Smith, P.: “A comparison of zooplankton sampling methods in the CalCOFI time series.” California Cooperative Oceanic Fisheries Investigations Reports 36, 153–158 (1995)
17.Jump up ^ Lavaniegos, B., Ohman, B.: “Long-term changes in pelagic tunicates of the California Current.” Deep-Sea Research II 50, 2473–2498, DOI:10.1016/S0967–0645(03)00,132–2 (2003)
18.Jump up ^ Ahlstrom, E.H.: “Distribution and abundance of egg and larval populations of the Pacific sardine.” Fishery Bulletin of the United States 56(93), 81–140 (1954)
19.Jump up ^ Ahlstrom, E.: “Vertical distribution of pelagic fish eggs and larvae off California and Baja California.” United States Fish and Wildlife Service Fishery Bulletin 60, 107–146 (1959)
20.Jump up ^ Moser, H., Pommeranz, T.: “Vertical distribution of eggs and larvae of northern anchovy, Engraulis mordax, and of the larvae of associated fishes at two sites in the Southern California Bight.” Fishery Bulletin of the United States 97, 920–943 (1998)
21.Jump up ^ Smith, P., Flerx, W., Hewitt, R.: “The CalCOFI vertical egg tow (CalVET) net. Reuben Lasker (ed.), An egg production method for estimating spawning biomass of pelagic fish: Application to the northern anchovy, Engraulis mordax.” U.S. Department of Commerce, NOAA Technical Report NMFS-36, pp. 27-32. (1985)
22.Jump up ^ Hewitt, R.: “Roll, heave and vertical ichthyoplankton tows.” Ocean Science and Engineering 8, 41–51 (1983)
23.Jump up ^ Brown, D., Cheng, L.: “New net for sampling the ocean surface.” Marine Ecology Progress Series 5, 225–227 (1981)
24.Jump up ^ Griffith, D.: Collecting Adult Coastal Pelagic Fish Using the Nordic 264 Rope Trawl: A Guide to Deployment and Sample Processing. Unpublished. Mimeo, 12pp, Department of Commerce, NOAA, Southwest Fisheries Science Center (2008)
25.Jump up ^ Dotson, R., Griffith, D., King, D., Emmett, R.: “Evaluation of a marine mammal excluder device (MMED) for a Nordic 264 midwater rope trawl.” Technical memorandum NMFS, NOAA-TM-NMFS-SWFSC-455, 14 p., U.S. Department of Commerce, NOAA (2010)
26.Jump up ^ Lasker, R.: “An egg production method for estimating spawning biomass of pelagic fish: application to northern anchovy, Engraulis mordax.” NOAA Technical Report, NMFS 36 (1985)
27.Jump up ^ Zwolinski, J., Demer, D., Byers, K., Cutter, G., Renfree, J., Sessions, T., Macewicz, B.: “Distribution and abundances of Pacific sardine (Sardinops sagax) and other pelagic fishes in the California Current ecosystem during spring 2006, 2008 and 2010, estimated from acoustic trawl surveys.” Fishery Bulletin of the United States 110, 110–122 (2012)
28.^ Jump up to: a b Methot, R.: “Frame trawl for sampling pelagic juvenile fish.” California Cooperative Oceanic Fisheries Investigations Reports 27, 267–278 (1986)
29.Jump up ^ Oozeki, Y., Hu, F., Kubota, H., Sugisaki, H., Kimura, R.: “Newly designed quantitative frame trawl for sampling larval and juvenile pelagic fish.” Fisheries Science 70, 223–232 (2004)
30.^ Jump up to: a b c Checkley Jr., D., Ortner, P., Settle, L., Cummings, S.: “A continuous underway fish egg sampler.” Fisheries Oceanography 6, 58–73 (1997)
31.^ Jump up to: a b Checkley Jr, D., Dotson, R., Griffith, D.: “Continuous underway sampling of eggs of Pacific sardine (Sardinops sagax) and northern anchovy (Engraulis mordax) in spring 1996 and 1997 off southern and central California.” Deep-Sea Research 47, 1139–1155 (2000)
32.^ Jump up to: a b Lo, N., Hunter, J., Charter, R.: “Use of a continuous egg sampler for ichthyoplankton surveys: application to the estimation of daily egg production of Pacific sardine (Sardinops sagax) off California.” Fishery Bulletin of the United States 99, 554–571 (2001)
 


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California Ocean Science Trust
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California Ocean Science Trust (OST) (www.calost.org) is a nonprofit 501(c)(3) public-benefit corporation established pursuant to the California Ocean Resources Stewardship Act (CORSA) of 2000.[1] The mission of OST is to ensure that the best available science is applied to California policies and management to successfully maintain healthy, resilient, and productive coastal and ocean ecosystems. Because OST is not a government entity, it can act as an independent and unbiased broker between policymakers and managers, and the scientific community.
To achieve its mission and align with the purposes laid out in the enabling legislation, OST has two overarching organizational goals: 1) Facilitate two-way connections between the worlds of science and California coastal ocean policy and management and 2) Institutionalize the integration of the best science into California coastal ocean policy and decision-making.


Contents  [hide]
1 Programs 1.1 MPA Monitoring Enterprise
1.2 Science Advising
1.3 Science Initiatives
2 See also
3 References
4 External links

Programs[edit]
MPA Monitoring Enterprise[edit]
OST’s keystone program, the MPA Monitoring Enterprise is leading the development and implementation of impartial, scientifically rigorous, and cost-effective monitoring of the statewide marine protected area (MPA) network being established under the California Marine Life Protection Act (MLPA). Working at the boundary between science and management, the MPA Monitoring Enterprise provides a unique combination of science and policy expertise to implement monitoring that assesses ecosystem condition and evaluates the performance of the emerging statewide MPA network. The MPA Monitoring Enterprise does not advocate for or against the implementation of MPAs, but rather ensures that policymakers, resource managers, and the public have timely and useful information to support MPA management decisions.
Science Advising[edit]
OST provides science support and services to California state agencies and entities by coordinating expert advice, providing scientific review, advice, and feedback, and acting as a liaison and bridging institution between experts, producers of science, and decision-makers. OST's key partner in its science-support function is the California Ocean Protection Council (OPC), a cabinet-level body that spans across multiple agencies responsible for ocean and coastal jurisdictions. The OPC solicits the best available science to support its policy decisions and recommendations, making the Council an objective, nonpartisan body. While OST supports this mission through a number of activities, in particular OST’s Executive Director serves as Science Advisor to the OPC and co-chair of the OPC Science Advisory Team (OPC-SAT).
Science Initiatives[edit]
OST develops and implements a variety of science initiatives to span the complex nexus between science, policy, and management. OST’s initiatives are diverse, including coordination of project teams to conduct needed scientific studies to inform better ocean policy and management decisions, such as the Oil and Gas Decommissioning Study, the Marine Debris Report, and the Coastal and Marine Spatial Planning initiative. OST strives to provide the highest scientific rigor while ensuring that initiative outcomes offer tangible information and processes that are accessible to key decision-makers and non-scientific audiences.
See also[edit]
MPA Monitoring Enterprise
Marine Life Protection Act
Marine Debris
Marine Pollution
Marine Spatial Planning
References[edit]
1.Jump up ^ CORSA: http://info.sen.ca.gov/pub/99-00/statute/ch_0501-0550/ch_516_st_2000_ab_2387
External links[edit]
California Ocean Science Trust
MPA Monitoring Enterprise
Ocean Protection Council
Marine Life Protection Act Initiative (DFG)
Existing Marine Protected Areas (DFG)
 


Categories: Environmental organizations based in California
Oceanographic institutions
Science and technology in California




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Center for Marine Studies
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 This article does not cite any references or sources. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. (January 2014)
Coordinates: 25°34′26″S 48°21′01″W

Center for Marine Studies
Federal University of Paraná
Centro de Estudos do Mar
 Universidade Federal do Paraná
Cem ufpr.jpg
Established
1982
Location
Pontal do Paraná, Paraná, Brazil
Website
www.cem.ufpr.br
The Center for Marine Studies (Portuguese: Centro de Estudos do Mar, CEM) is a satellite campus and marine research station of the Federal University of Paraná (Portuguese: Universidade Federal do Paraná, UFPR), located in the municipality of Pontal do Paraná, Brazil. Established in 1982 as a marine biology laboratory, it has since extended its activities into the fields of physical, chemical and geological oceanography, coastal management and environmental social science. It also offers both undergraduate and graduate courses in Oceanography and Aquaculture.
External links[edit]
Centro de Estudos do Mar Homepage (in Portuguese)
General information at the EMBC masters program website, of which it is a partner (in English)
 


Categories: Oceanographic institutions
Federal University of Paraná






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Hawaii Undersea Research Laboratory
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The Hawaii Undersea Research Laboratory (HURL) is a regional undersea research facility under the auspices of the U. S. government's National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration National Undersea Research Program and administered by the University of Hawaii.[1] Its headquarters are at University of Hawaii at Manoa, in Honolulu. It is considered one of the more important of the independently run undersea research laboratories in the U.S.[2] The laboratory conducts undersea research on volcanic risks in conjunction with the United States Geological Survey, including seismic surveys, monitoring of volcanic activity, and using submersibles for undersea observation and surveying.[3] HURL is also actively involved in monitoring coastal ecosystems, including coral reef habitats and fisheries in Hawaii.[4] HURL conducts maritime archaeology research including visiting World War II wreckages from the Japanese Attack on Pearl Harbor in 1941.[1]
In 2011, marine scientists from HURL celebrated the 1,000th dive of Pisces V (one of two submersibles). By 1981 they spent nearly 9,000 hours underwater around the Pacific Ocean.[5][6]
References[edit]
1.^ Jump up to: a b van Tilburg, Hans (2002). "Underwater archaeology, Hawaiian style". In Ruppé, Carol; Barstad, Jan. International Handbook of Underwater Archaeology. Kluwer Academic Publishers. pp. 247–266. ISBN 978-0-306-46345-7.
2.Jump up ^ National Research Council (U.S.), Committee on Undersea Vehicles and National Need (1996). Undersea Vehicles and National Need. National Research Council. p. 77. ISBN 978-0-309-05384-6.
3.Jump up ^ Garcia, Michael O.; Jackie Caplan-Auerbach, Eric H. De Carlo, M.D. Kurz, N. Becker (2005-09-20). Geology, geochemistry and earthquake history of Lōʻihi Seamount, Hawaiʻi (PDF). This is the author's personal version of a paper that was published on 2006-05-16 as "Geochemistry, and Earthquake History of Lōʻihi Seamount, Hawaiʻi's youngest volcano", in Chemie der Erde - Geochemistry (66) 2:81–108. SOEST. Retrieved 2009-06-04.
4.Jump up ^ Nichols, C. Reid; David L. Porter; Robert G. Williams (2003). Recent Advances and Issues in Oceanography. Greenwood Publishing Group Incorporated. p. 206. ISBN 978-1-57356-406-9.
5.Jump up ^ "Submersible Completes 1,000th Dive Off Hawaii". OurAmazingPlanet. 2011-04-06. Retrieved 2011-04-10.
6.Jump up ^ "Students nationwide virtually participate in Hawaii Undersea Research Laboratory's 1,000th Pisces submersible dive". National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. 2011-04-05. Retrieved 2011-04-10.
External links[edit]
NURC-HURL home page



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Institute of Marine Sciences
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Institute of Marine Sciences
IMS-Logo.jpg
Established
1975
Type
Institute in University
Chairman
Dr. Ahmet Erkan KIDEYŞ
Location
Erdemli / Mersin, Turkey
Website
ims.metu.edu.tr
The Institute of Marine Sciences (IMS) focuses on marine science-related education and research. IMS was founded in 1975 on the Erdemli Campus at METU (Middle East Technical University) in Erdemli / Mersin. Institute’s campus at Erdemli, houses laboratories, office buildings, computing and remote sensing facilities, a library, an atmospheric tower, and other services. Housing for staff and students, and harbor facility are also located on the campus.


Contents  [hide]
1 History
2 Education
3 Research
4 R/V Bilim 2
5 See also
6 Further reading
7 External links

History[edit]
In its brief history, research accomplished by the Institute has resulted both in vastly increasing our knowledge of the seas surrounding Turkey and in establishing a data base to help in the management of Marine Environment. During more than 30 years Institute had tens of projects
Education[edit]
The Institute has four main divisions:
Chemical Oceanography
Marine Biology and Fisheries
Marine Geology and Geophysics
Physical Oceanography
The programs are envisioned to provide scientists of future with through education and training in their fields. Special emphasis is given to studying the national marine environment, in keeping with the Institute of Marine Sciences’ objectives of developing and improving the marine resources of Turkey.
Students with B.S. degree (or equivalent) in one of the natural sciences or engineering, and a background including statistics and differential equations, calculus may apply.
Research[edit]
Institute owns three research vessels: a 433 gross tons research vessel, RV/Bilim, which is utilized for ocean research, including fisheries, and two smaller vessels of 16 m length (the Lamas and the Erdemli) for daily trips in the near shore regions.
R/V Bilim 2[edit]
RV-Bilim 2.jpg
Institute of Marine Sciences' main research ship, "Bilim 2's" designs were donated by the Scripps Institution of Oceanography, La Jolla, CA., which were at the time were blueprints of their R/V Alpha Helix [1]. It was built in Istanbul, and launched in 1983. Steel hull, Length: 40.36 m, Beam: 9.47 m, Tonnage: 433 gross, 190 net tons, Draft: 3.80 m, Speed: 11.5 knots (21 km/h) max, 9.5 knots (18 km/h) cruising, 1.0-knot (2 km/h) min, Range: 6,500 miles (10,460 km), Propulsion: MWM diesel, 820 hp (611 kW), variable-pitch propeller, Schafran bridge control unit, fuel capacity 120 m3. A Global Positioning System (GPS) is used for navigation. The vessel also has conventional radar with 60 miles (97 km) range. The ship has central partial air conditioning and central heating.
The R/V Bilim 2 has quarters for a crew of 12, and can support a scientific party of 14 for a period of about 45 days at sea.
Physical and chemical data on board of the Bilim are obtained utilizing a Sea-Bird Model 9 CTD profiling system together with a General Oceanics rosette sampler having 12 bottles of 5 liter volume. The CTD and the rosette are operated using a Lebus hydrographic winch with a 2000 m cable. For on-board analyses an automatic Winkler titration system, an auto-analyzer, an in-situ spectrofluorometer, an irradiance meter as well as other instruments are available.
The vessel is fully equipped for fisheries and marine biological studies. Some of the major equipment for these investigations are a Norlau hydraulic trawl winch of 7.5 tons and 2 X 1500 m wire capacity, a hydraulic net winch of 6 ton capacity.
Marine geological investigations are carried out using an EG&G Uniboom shallow seismic system, side-scan sonars, and various corers. An underwater remotely operated camera (Mini Rover Benthos MK II) is also utilized in sea floor surveys.
See also[edit]
UNESCO - IOC Project Office for IODE, Ostend (Belgium)
Further reading[edit]
Institute of Marine Sciences brief information page on official website
External links[edit]
Institute of Marine Sciences
Middle East Technical University

 


Categories: Oceanographic institutions
Research institutes in Turkey





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Institute of Ocean Sciences
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The Institute of Ocean Sciences is operated by Fisheries and Oceans Canada and is one of the largest marine research centres in Canada. It is located on Patricia Bay and the former British Columbia Highway 17A in Sidney, British Columbia on Vancouver Island just west of Victoria International Airport.
The institute is paired with a Canadian Coast Guard base, and makes use of the ships CCGS John P. Tully and CCGS Sir Wilfrid Laurier as well as the Japanese RV Mirai.
References[edit]
Fisheries and Oceans Canada: IOS
Science & Technology for Canadians: IOS
Coordinates: 48°39′00″N 123°26′53″W
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Long Marine Laboratory
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The Long Marine Laboratory is a research center located at the West edge of Santa Cruz, CA. It is affiliated with the University of California, Santa Cruz and is a field base for researchers of the Monterey Bay. Long Marine Lab focuses primarily on marine sciences, and is the oceanside research center for UCSC's Institute of Marine Sciences (IMS).
Facilities at the lab include: The Center for Ocean Health, The Marine Wildlife Veterinary Care and Research Center, The National Marine Fisheries Service (NMFS), The Seabird/Raptor facility for the UCSC Predatory Bird Research Group, two large outdoor tanks for small marine mammals, four smaller pools with haulout areas for seals and sea lions, a three tank dolphinarium (acoustically engineered for the dolphin's sonar capabilities), and the Seymour Marine Discovery Center.


Contents  [hide]
1 History
2 Seymour Marine Discovery Center 2.1 Exhibits
2.2 The Aquarium
2.3 The Blue whale skeleton
3 Marine Protected Area
4 Desalination Plant
5 References
6 External links

History[edit]
In many ways, the Monterey Bay presents an ideal place to study marine life for scientists and the general public alike. The development of an onshore marine laboratory had a high priority since the UCSC campus opened in 1965. The generous gift of land in 1972 by Mrs. Marion Stowell Younger and her late husband, Donald, made possible the development of the marine laboratory at the west edge of the city of Santa Cruz, less than a ten minute drive from the UCSC campus. This magnificent 40-acre (160,000 m2) site contains a relatively undisturbed wetlands, the Younger Lagoon, and flat terraces for the marine lab buildings. Long Marine Lab opened in late 1978, and supports the marine research of the Santa Cruz faculty and students and is essential to the development of marine program of international recognition, which UCSC now has.
Seymour Marine Discovery Center[edit]
The Seymour Marine Discovery Center is the public outreach and marine education center located at Long Marine Lab. The building of the center was made possible by H. Boyd Seymour Jr., and opened March 11, 2000.
Exhibits[edit]
The Seymour Marine Discovery Center has four different exhibits: looking, testing, puzzling, questioning. These try to show the visitors what scientists do, and how they go about their research.
The Looking Exhibit: This exhibit “offers thematic interactive experiences and adventures in a wide variety of scientific fields for visitors of all ages, and in nine different languages.” [1] These displays try to give the viewers a “hands-on” experience, and try to show how a scientist does his or her research out in the field. There are three different parts to this exhibit:
1.Elephant Seals field studies
2.Coastal Geographical Processes
3.Tidepool Ecology: Long-term Observations
The Testing Exhibit: At this exhibit there are three displays and instruments used by scientists to collect data and samples for a variety of things: investigating life on Earth, they are used in the depths of the oceans, with marine mammals in water and air, and to sample the environmental toxins that accumulate everywhere. The three displays are:
1.Ocean Drilling Project (ODP)
2.Pinniped Sensory Abilities
3.Heavy Metals in the Environment
The Puzzling Exhibit:
1.Marine Snow Studies
2.Otter and Killer Whale Interactions
The Questioning Exhibit: The questioning aspect of the center is incorporated with the aquarium. On each tank, which houses an animal, there is a question relating to that animal which the scientists have to ask themselves. Some examples of these questions are: “How smart is an octopus? What does this crab do when it outgrows its shell? What survival techniques do sanddabs use to escape hungry predators?”
The Aquarium[edit]
The animals in the aquarium are all found in Monterey Bay, and give visitors a chance to get an up close look at the local biology of the area.



 The Blue Whale skeleton outside the Long Marine Laboratory of the University of California, Santa Cruz.
The Blue whale skeleton[edit]
"Ms. Blue" is the largest Blue whale skeleton displayed in the world. She washed ashore at Fiddlers Cove near Pescadero on September 6, 1979. Biologists and students from UC Santa Cruz began fleshing the whale, the whole process took about a month to complete. After being transported to UC Santa Cruz the carcass was buried near the college. In the summer of 1985, the bones were unearthed and reconstruction began. Frank Perry was hired to mount the cleaned bones for display. He and a group of specialists successfully constructed a steel framework to support the bones and recreate the proper arch of the spine and completed it in 1986. In 1999 the skeleton was finally moved to its final resting place at the Long Marine Laboratory. Ms. Blue is decorated with rope lighting during the month of December. The whale is 5.5 m (18 ft) tall and 26.5 m (87 ft) long. She was not fully grown when she died.
Marine Protected Area[edit]
Natural Bridges State Marine Reserve is a marine protected area off the coast of Long Marine Laboratory. Like an underwater park, this marine protected area helps conserve ocean wildlife and marine ecosystems.
Desalination Plant[edit]
Due to the drought in Santa Cruz in the late 1970s the Soquel Creek Water District has agreed to split the bill with the city of Santa Cruz on a desalination plant. The city has not added to its water supply since that drought so the desalination plant would alleviate the threat of another drought. “Currently, work is being done to build a $4 million test desalination facility at the city's Long Marine Lab.” [2]
References[edit]
1.Jump up ^ Seymour Center - About the Center: History
2.Jump up ^ Desalination Plant Coming to Santa Cruz - City on a Hill Press
External links[edit]
Seymour Marine Discovery Center
About the Center: History
Long Marine Laboratory


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University of Georgia Marine Institute
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The University of Georgia Marine Institute (UGAMI) is a nearshore ecological and geological research institute located on Sapelo Island off the coast of Georgia in the United States.
The Institute was created in 1953 as the Marine Biological Laboratory and led to the creation of the University of Georgia (UGA) Institute of Ecology in 1961 and the UGA School of Marine Programs in 1991. The Marine Institute is currently a part of the Marine Sciences department within UGA's Franklin College of Arts and Sciences.
References[edit]
50th Anniversary of the UGA Marine Institute
UGA Marine Institute website


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The Marine Mammal Center
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Marine Mammal Center


Headquarters front entrance

Date opened
1975
Location
California, United States
Coordinates
37.8351°N 122.5316°WCoordinates: 37.8351°N 122.5316°W
Website
www.marinemammalcenter.org
The Marine Mammal Center is a private, non-profit U.S. organization that was established in 1975 for the purpose of rescuing, rehabilitating, and releasing, marine mammals who are injured, ill, or abandoned. It was founded in Sausalito, California by Lloyd Smalley, Pat Arrigoni, and Paul Maxwell. It also serves as a center for environmental research and education regarding marine mammals, namely cetaceans (whales and dolphins) and pinnipeds (seals, fur seals, and sea lions). Marine mammal abandonment refers to maternal separation; pups that have been separated from their mother before weaning. At the Center, they receive specialized veterinary care; diagnosed, treated, rehabilitated, and ideally, released back into the wild. Animals in need of assistance are usually identified by a member of the public who has contacted the Center. These animals represent the following major species: California Sea Lion, Northern Elephant Seal, Pacific Harbor Seal, Northern Fur Seal, and the Southern Sea Otter. On a few occasions, the Marine Mammal Center has taken in Guadeloupe Fur Seals, Stellar Sea Lions, and Bottlenose/Pacific White-Sided Dolphins. The only non-mammals that the Center takes in are sea turtles. [1]

Photo of 6 seals at surface next to shoreline

 Release of rehabilitated pinnipeds into the Pacific Ocean

Contents  [hide]
1 Research
2 Education
3 Rescue and rehabilitation
4 Facilities, budget and governance 4.1 Growth
5 Notable actions
6 See also
7 References
8 External links

Research[edit]
The research team consists of veterinarians and biologists, who conduct not only medical diagnosis and intervention, but also publish scientific reports on marine animal health in relation to the Pacific Ocean’s environmental chemistry. They collaborate with other selected technology centers to provide vital information on disease, immunological systems and environment effects. Some patients are fitted with radio or satellite tags before release, to further specific research goals. The Center collaborates with counterparts around the world (most notably from England, Canada, Mexico, Brazil, Australia, Scotland, the Netherlands, France, and Germany) in working on complex cases, and also jointly research interactions of ocean-dwelling mammals with the marine environment.
Researchers at the Marine Mammal Center have discovered that Domoic Acid (DA) is the causative agent responsible for illness in a great many California Sea Lions. DA is naturally produced by the diatom Pseudo-nitzschia. DA passes up the food chain as the diatoms are consumed by zooplankton. These zooplankton are then consumed by fish where the toxin accumulates. Fish are unharmed by it. California Sea Lions are disproportionate affected because they feed closer to shore, where more of these diatoms are present. When consumed by (marine) mammals, it activates neural pathways in the brain, specifically, the hippocampus. This neural activation is unregulated and results in seizures. Repeated exposure will cause repeated activation, ultimately burning out these neural pathways and causing permanent brain damage; specifically, atrophy of the hippocampus. Domoic Acid is the same biotoxin that causes Amnesic Shellfish Poisoning in humans.
Another discovery by the Marine Mammal Center, in collaboration with the University of Florida, is that seal pox is distinct from pox viruses isolated from other species. It is unrelated to chicken pox or smallpox. Also being investigated is the increased incidence of leptospirosis, a bacterial pathogen that can acutely damage the kidneys of marine mammals.
The Marine Mammal Center has made advances in the use of general anesthesia on marine mammals, used during surgical procedures. To a certain extent, marine mammals are voluntary breathers. Pinnipeds (seals, sea lions, fur seals) can reduce their respiratory rate in order to conserve oxygen and remain underwater for extended periods. This makes the use of general anesthesia and tranquilizing darts more problematic.
Any animal that dies in treatment or is euthanized while at the Center, will undergo a necropsy to further research. At the Center, there is a viewing area where the public can observe the procedure. Animals are only euthanized if their illness or injury is beyond treatment and would lead to the animals death, or unabated suffering. Considering that animals in need are only identified when their distress is significant enough to be observable by the public, it is not unusual for some of these animals to be beyond rehabilitation.
Education[edit]
The education outreach program reaches in excess of 100,000 school children and adults each year, emphasizing human connection to the marine environment. In addition to the groups of children who visit the Center, there is a 'Whale Bus' that visits Bay Area Schools. The hope is that with a better understanding of the ocean and its inhabitants, children will grow up to care for and respect the oceans.



 Kiotari, a female Pacific Harbor Seal pup. Rescued on 5/1/10 from Ross Cove at Fitzgerald Marine Reserve in San Mateo. She had been separated from her mother shortly after birth. Kiotari was treated for flipper trauma, an umbilical infection, and malnourishment. She was released on 7/24/10 at Point Reyes Marine Reserve, having gained over 10 kg. The spot patterns on a Pacific Harbor Seal are unique to a particular individual. Photo by Aaron J Cohen for the Marine Mammal Center.
Video: "A Day in the Life of the Marine Mammal Center"
Rescue and rehabilitation[edit]
Some animals that are rescued may be deemed unreleasable. If an animal has been released on two occasions and returns both times, it may have become habituated with people and no longer capable of fending for itself. Some animals may have suffered injuries that have left them blind or otherwise disabled. Although their health is stable, they may no longer be able to survive independently in the wild. These too, are considered unreleasable. In these circumstances, the Marine Mammal Center works with the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) and the National Marine Fisheries Service (NMFS) to find a permanent home for the animal in an approved zoo or aquarium. In May, 2011, the San Francisco Zoo accepted two such animals, both are male California Sea Lions; named Silent Knight and Henry. Silent Knight was shot and blinded in Sausalito in December 2010. The cause of Henry's blindness is unknown. There was no external injury to the eyes and the cause may be neurological.[2]
Facilities, budget and governance[edit]
Facilities include the Marin Headlands headquarters and field stations in San Luis Obispo, Monterey, Anchor Bay and an educational kiosk at Pier 39 in San Francisco. The Center's animal rescue radius is along the Pacific Coast of California and comprises approximately 600 square miles, between San Luis Obispo and Mendocino.[3]
The Marine Mammal Center facility is located at what was once part of a former Nike Missile site. From 1953 to 1979, the United States Army built and operated over 265 Nike missile batteries throughout the United States. The best preserved installation is in the Marin Headlands, known as SF88. It was intended to protect local civilian and military populations against attack by Soviet bomber aircraft. It was opened in 1954, equipped with Nike Ajax missiles and later converted to hold improved Nike Hercules missiles. The site was decommissioned in 1974. Portions of the site, including three Nike Hercules missiles can be visited through the GG National Park Service on limited days and hours.
The Marine Mammal Center opened in 1975, one year after the closure of the missile site. Underground silos now house the facility's water filtration system. A small structure nearby was once a guard house. The exterior remains unchanged but it is now part of the Harbor Seal Hospital and also holds a surgical suite. Neither the former silo, nor the former guard house are open to the public. [4]
The Marine Mammal Center is entirely privately funded. In 2012, the yearly operating budget for the center was approximately $7,500,000. 81% of expenditures went directly to animal care, veterinary expense, and education programs. In 2012, 76% of the Marine Mammal Center's operating budget came from private donations and individual and family memberships.[5] The Marine mammal Center presently has a paid staff of 45 individuals. Its operation is reliant on several hundred volunteers who are trained in rescue, release, animal care, and education.
The main facility in Sausalito can accommodate approximately 1,200 animals a year; although a typical year brings between 600-800 patient. In 2009, a lack of available fish related to the El Nino weather pattern brought 1,750 patients to the Marine Mammal Center, more than in any other year since it opened. 2012 marked the year with the highest percentage of survivability for all patients, species combined. In the Spring of 2013, environmental conditions limited to Southern California resulted in a higher than normal number of Sea Lion strandings. During this period, the Marine Mammal Center has taken in the overflow, approximately 65 patients.
Growth[edit]
The Marine Mammal Center began in 1975 with bath tubs and small pools surrounded by a fence. In June, 2009 a multi-facility complex was opened to hold both the animals and the staff. It was built with recycled materials and utilizes sound boards made of sea weed. Donated solar panels provide approximately 20% of the facilities energy. Water, which was previously a major expense, is now filtered through an advanced sand bed and ozone system which allows a water recovery rate of 80%.
During the reconstruction, numerous outdoor pens with pools and haul-out surfaces were created; there are also special purpose facilities including a veterinary hospital, records room, food preparation and storage rooms and rescue equipment storage area. The hospital includes an operating room, treatment areas, office and pharmaceutical storage. Some of the hospital functions include thoracic surgery, gastrointestinal surgery, and orthopedic surgery as well as routine examinations and blood sampling for patient diagnosis.

Photo of gowned and masked man leaning over blanketed animal

Anesthesia being delivered to a juvenile elephant seal prior to surgery. Photo courtesy: The Marine Mammal Center
Photo of women holding board in foreground, two wet-suited men standing knee-deep in water, behind seal caught in net

 Personnel from The Marine Mammal Center rescue an adult sea lion Photo courtesy: The Marine Mammal Center
Notable actions[edit]
Some specific examples among the thousands of successful outcomes are:
Net entangled Humpback Whale. In December 2005, a large female Humpback whale was rescued off of the Farallon Islands, after she became entangled in crab pot lines on her migration, most likely to wintering grounds near Mexico. The daring maneuver was carried out by Center staff and volunteers along with professional divers and was the Center's first successful open ocean rescue of a whale entangled in netting.
Orphaned Stellar Sea Lion pup at Ano Nuevo Island. In the year 1999, a malnourished 37 lbs.(17 kg) pup was found stranded alone at a location known as a Northern Elephant Seal rookery but not as a birthing location for Stellar Sea Lions. The pup, named Artemis, was restored to health and returned to the wild. In July 2005, she was again spotted on Ano Nuevo Island, but this time she was giving birth to a new pup. This was a particularly unusual outcome, since no pup is known to have been born on that island for at least twenty years.
Humphrey the whale is arguably the most widely publicized humpback whale in history[6] ,[7] having errantly entered San Francisco Bay twice, departing from his Mexico to Alaska migration. Each excursion resulted in dramatic estuarine rescues in 1985 and 1990 by the Center, assisted by the United States Coast Guard and hundreds of volunteers. The first rescue was actually to turn Humphrey around in the Sacramento River, while the second was to move him back into the water from the mudflats north of Sierra Point below the Dakin Building.
Baker D., a bottlenose dolphin was successfully rehabilitated and released to join a dolphin pod in Monterey Bay in November 2004.[8]
"Sergeant Nevis"
On December 5, 2009, a 650 lbs., adult, male California Sea Lion was rescued from Knight's Landing in Yolo County, Northern California. Sgt. Nevis had suffered a shotgun wound to his sinuses. He was named after Yolo County police officer Michael Nevis, who assisted with his rescue. Imaging tests revealed that this had not been Sgt. Nevis' first run-in with a shotgun. Buckshot pellets remaining in his head evidenced that he had been shot several times previously. After months of treatment and rehabilitation, it was determined that he could not survive if returned to the ocean. In association with NOAA, he was transferred to permanent residence at Six Flags Discovery Kingdom in Vallejo, California.
The US Marine Mammal Protection Act of 1972 and later amendments, make it a federal crime to hunt, kill, capture, and/or harass any marine mammal. State laws and local ordinances may provide additional restrictions and penalties.[9]
On October 8, 2010, Sgt. Nevis had major reconstructive surgery to close the opening in his face created by the entry and exit of the shotgun slug. The complicated surgery was needed to cover the crater-like wound under his eyes. The injury had forced Sgt. Nevis to modify his breathing. He was unable to dive or even submerge his head under water. There was also a continuing risk of infection. Facial reconstruction surgeon Dr. Praful Ramenini donated his services for this delicate surgery. Dr. Ramenini was supported by Center veterinarians Dr. Bill Van Bonn and Dr. Vanessa Fravel, as well as veterinarians Dr. Diana Procter and Dr. Nancy Anderson from Six Flags Discovery Kingdom.
On October 15, 2010, the Sutter County District Attorney's Office announced the successful criminal prosecution of a fisherman, for the shooting of Sgt. Nevis. He was convicted of intentionally maiming or wounding a living animal in violation of California Penal Code Section 597.[10] He was sentenced to 30 days in jail, five years of probation, and ordered to pay restitution of $51,081.48 to the Marine Mammal Center, toward the expenses of treating Sgt. Nevis.[11]
Movie Trivia
In Peter Jackson's Lord of the Rings trilogy, elephant seal and sea lion vocalizations were recorded at the Marine Mammal Center and used as the main component for the sound of the Orcs (Northern Elephant Seals) and the Uruks (CA Sea Lions). Sound Designer David Farmer had coincidentally visited the Center during elephant seal pupping season and was suitably impressed.[12][13]
See also[edit]

Portal icon Ecology portal
Cetacean Conservation Center
Domoic acid
Endangered species
Moss Landing Marine Laboratories
Institute for Marine Mammal Studies
Red tide
References[edit]
1.Jump up ^ http://www.marinemammalcenter.org/about-us/
2.Jump up ^ http://www.marinemammalcenter.org/about-us/News-Room/2011-news-archives/silent-knight.html
3.Jump up ^ "About Us". marinemammalcenter.org. Marine Mammal Center. Retrieved December 1, 2012 If you find a marine mammal or sea turtle in distress within this area, please notify the Marine Mammal Center, at (415) 289-7325 (from Mendocino to San Mateo), (831) 633-6298 (Monterey and Santa Cruz), or (805) 771-8300 (San Luis Obispo). Calls are answered 24 hours a day. Do not touch, or approach the animal. It is illegal to harass a marine mammal. Any contact may result in injury to yourself or further injury or stress to the animal..
4.Jump up ^ http://www.nps.gov/goga/nike-missile-site.htm
5.Jump up ^ Marine Mammal Center 2012 Annual Report,http://www.marinemammalcenter.org/about-us/publications/annual-reports/
6.Jump up ^ Tokuda, Wendy (1992). Humphrey the lost whale. Lincoln, NE: GPN. ISBN 0-89346-346-9.
7.Jump up ^ Callenbach, Ernest; Christine Leefeld (1986). Humphrey the Wayward Whale. Berkeley, Calif: Heyday Books. ISBN 0-930588-23-1.
8.Jump up ^ http://www.marinemammalcenter.org/pdfs/Bottlenosedolphinpressrelease2004.pdf
9.Jump up ^ http://www.nmfs.noaa.gov/pr/pdfs/laws/mmpa.pdf
10.Jump up ^ http://www.anapsid.org/pettrade/penalcode.html
11.Jump up ^ http://www.marinemammalcenter.org/about-us/News-Room/2010-news-archives/sgt-nevis-the-sea-lion.html
12.Jump up ^ Isaza, Miguel, Designing Sound, 'David Farmer Special: The Lord of the Rings Exclusive Interview, September 30, 2010, http://designingsound.org/2010/09/david-farmer-special-the-lord-of-the-rings-exclusive-interview/, accessed 12-24-12
13.Jump up ^ IMDB (International Movie Data Base)<Lord of the Rings - entry, http://www.imdb.com/title/tt0167261/trivia?tab=tr&item=tr1644361, accessed 12-24-2012
External links[edit]
Official website
 


Categories: Environmental organizations based in the San Francisco Bay Area
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Monterey Bay Aquarium Research Institute
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The service mark of the Monterey Bay Aquarium Research Institute depicting a Gulper eel.
The Monterey Bay Aquarium Research Institute (MBARI) is a private, non-profit oceanographic research center in Moss Landing, California. MBARI was founded in 1987 by David Packard, and is primarily funded by the David and Lucile Packard Foundation. Christopher Scholin serves as the institute's president and chief executive officer, managing a work force of approximately 220 scientists, engineers, and operations and administrative staff.
At MBARI, scientists and engineers work together to develop new tools and methods for studying the ocean. Long-term funding from the David and Lucile Packard Foundation allows the institute to take on studies that traditional granting institutions may be reluctant to sponsor. Part of David Packard's charge for MBARI was to "Take risks. Ask big questions. Don't be afraid to make mistakes; if you don't make mistakes, you're not reaching far enough."
MBARI's campus in Moss Landing is located near the center of Monterey Bay, at the head of the Monterey Canyon. Monterey Bay is one of the most biologically diverse bodies of waters in the world, and the underlying submarine canyon is one of the deepest underwater canyons along the continental United States. With this 4,000-meter-deep submarine canyon only a few ship-hours from their base of operations, institute scientists enjoy an advantageous proximity to this natural, deep-sea "laboratory".
MBARI is not open to the general public, but it has an open house once a year. Although MBARI is a sister institution to the Monterey Bay Aquarium, the two organizations have entirely separate management and funding.


Contents  [hide]
1 Mission
2 Research
3 Research vessels
4 Underwater vehicles
5 Notable achievements
6 References
7 External links

Mission[edit]

"The mission of MBARI is to achieve and maintain a position as a world center for advanced research and education in ocean science and technology, and to do so through the development of better instruments, systems, and methods for scientific research in the deep waters of the ocean. MBARI emphasizes the peer relationship between engineers and scientists as a basic principle of its operation. All of the activities of MBARI must be characterized by excellence, innovation, and vision." —David Packard
Research[edit]
MBARI's scientists, engineers, and support staff collaborate on a wide range of cutting-edge marine research projects enabled by innovative technology. MBARI's current efforts span the interdisciplinary fields of ocean science, including marine biology, geology, chemistry, and biological oceanography. MBARI also develops new oceanographic research tools and techniques, as well as technology related to ocean observatories.
Much of MBARI's research focuses on the development and use of robotic vehicles and other automated methods for gathering information in the ocean. These tools provide a unique view of ocean life and physical phenomena.
Research vessels[edit]



 Research vessel Western Flyer at MBARI Pier
MBARI's flagship research vessel is the R/V Western Flyer, a 35.6-meter (117-foot) small water-plane area twin hull (SWATH) ship deploying the remotely operated underwater vehicle, ROV Doc Ricketts, through a moon pool in the center of the ship. The Western Flyer has supported ROV dives along much of the west coast of North America, from the Gulf of California to Vancouver Island, as well as around the Hawaiian islands.
In December 2011, MBARI retired the R/V Point Lobos after 23 years of service. In 2012, MBARI will also be retiring the R/V Zephyr, which has served as a launch platform for MBARI's autonomous underwater vehicles (AUVs). These two boats will be replaced by a single, larger boat, the Rachel Carson, which MBARI purchased in the summer of 2011, and which is expected to be operational in 2012. Rachel Carson will be able to launch both ROVs and AUVs, as well as conduct multi-day expeditions.
Underwater vehicles[edit]
MBARI has been a pioneer in the development and scientific use of two types of underwater robots—remotely operated vehicles (ROVs) and autonomous underwater vehicles (AUVs). ROVs are robotic submersibles that are connected through a very long tether to a ship at the sea surface. They are controlled by pilots and researchers on board the surface ship. AUVs are robotic submersibles that are programmed at the sea surface and then released to collect data autonomously, with little or no human intervention.
MBARI's ROV Doc Ricketts is a four kilometer depth-rated vehicle, named after the pioneering marine ecologist Ed Ricketts. ROV Doc Ricketts has been deployed from the R/V Western Flyer since 2009, when it replaced ROV Tiburon, which had been deployed from the R/V Western Flyer since 1997.



 ROV Ventana on board of the MBARI research vessel Point Lobos
ROV Ventana is a 1.8 km depth-rated vehicle. It was built for the Monterey Bay Aquarium Research Institute by International Submarine Engineering according to specifications developed by David Packard and the original core group of scientists and engineers at MBARI. The vehicle was delivered in 1988 with a standard suite of instruments and cameras. Data collection sensors, a high definition camera, and animal collection devices have been added over the course of more than 3,600 dives.
In addition to ROVs, MBARI has also developed untethered undersea robots called autonomous underwater vehicles (AUVs). MBARI's Dorado-class AUVs are 53.3 centimeters (21 inches) in diameter and can be as short as 2.4 meters (8 feet) or as long as 6.4 meters (21 feet), depending on the mission. Dorado-class AUVs currently operational at MBARI include the upper-water-column AUV, the seafloor mapping AUV, and the imaging AUV. The core vehicle elements are deep-rated (the mapping AUV is 6,000 meters rated) and have been operated as long as 20 hours.
MBARI's Tethys AUV, also called the long-range AUV, is a new AUV designed to operate over longer ranges. Tethys is 30.5 cm (12 inches) in diameter, 230 cm (7.5 feet) long, and weighs 120 kg. Tethys provides capabilities falling between existing propeller driven AUVs, which typically have endurances on the order of a day, and buoyancy-driven vehicles (gliders) that can operate for many months. In October 2011, Tethys spent 24 days at sea traveling nearly 1,800 km.
Notable achievements[edit]
Frequent forays with remotely operated vehicles to the deep Monterey Canyon have enabled MBARI researchers to discover new animal species on a regular basis, and to begin to understand their significance in the ecology of the deep sea. MBARI biologists have made major contributions to research methods and the understanding of the quantity and diversity of life in the ocean.
Some of the more notable species first described by MBARI researchers include Stellamedusa ventana (bumpy jelly), Tiburonia granrojo (big red), Chaetopterus pugaporcinus (pigbutt worm), and the Osedax species of bone-eating worms.[1] In situ studies of midwater animals utilizing ROVs enabled MBARI scientist Bruce Robison to be the first to directly observe bioluminescent behavior in its natural setting and then describe how the animals use the light they produce. Robison was also the first to observe the transparent head of the barreleye fish Macropinna microstoma.[2]
In 2008, MBARI deployed the Monterey Accelerated Research System (MARS)—the first deep-sea cabled observatory offshore of the continental United States. MARS enables researchers to hook up a variety of scientific instruments such as earthquake monitors and low-light video cameras and leave them on the deep seafloor for extended periods of time. Funded in 2002 by a grant from the National Science Foundation, the MARS Observatory was developed through a collaborative effort by MBARI, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, the University of Washington Applied Physics Laboratory, NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory, L-3 MariPro, and Alcatel-Lucent.
MBARI researchers have also made pioneering developments in the area of microbial oceanography. MBARI Postdoctoral Fellow Oded Beja and Scientist Edward DeLong were the first to discover a gene in several species of bacteria responsible for production of the protein rhodopsin, previously unheard of in the domain Bacteria. First developments in several areas of metagenomics have also been made at MBARI. DeLong was among the first to use metagenomics in the ocean and MBARI Scientist Alexandra Worden led the development of eukaryotic targeted metagenomics, which allows specific eukaryotic cells to be selected from natural samples and partial genomes from those uncultured cells then sequenced, assembled and analyzed.
In 2001, MBARI scientists and engineers detected the onset and development of a harmful algal bloom (HAB) using the Environmental Sample Processor (ESP)—an undersea, robotic DNA laboratory. Using the ESP, researchers are able to conduct molecular biological analyses remotely, in real-time, over a sustained period, and with interactive capability. The ESP provides in situ collection and analysis of water samples, such as the analysis of the genetic material of marine microorganisms in seawater.
References[edit]
1.Jump up ^ G. W. Rouse, S. K. Goffredi, and R. C. Vrijenhoek (2004). "Osedax: Bone-Eating Marine Worms with Dwarf Males". Science 305 (5684): 668–671. doi:10.1126/science.1098650. PMID 15286372.
2.Jump up ^ "Discoveries of deep-sea biomass and biodiversity using an ROV". Monterey Bay Aquarium Research Institute. Retrieved 4/12/2012.
External links[edit]
www.mbari.org – Monterey Bay Aquarium Research Institute
Coordinates: 36.80221°N 121.78803°W
 Wikimedia Commons has media related to Monterey Bay Aquarium Research Institute.
 


Categories: Oceanographic institutions
Buildings and structures in Monterey County, California
Monterey Bay Aquarium






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Nova Southeastern University Oceanographic Center
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 This article relies on references to primary sources. Please add references to secondary or tertiary sources. (June 2011)
Nova Southeastern University Oceanogrpahic Center logo.png

The Nova Southeastern University Oceanographic Center is a center for oceanographical research at Nova Southeastern University in Florida. Located on a 10-acre (40,000 m2) site on the ocean side of Port Everglades, adjacent to the port's entrance, the center has a 1-acre (4,000 m2) boat basin and affords immediate access to the Gulf Stream, the Florida Straits, and the Bahama Banks.


Contents  [hide]
1 Facilities
2 Affiliated institutions 2.1 National Coral Reef Institute
2.2 Guy Harvey Research Institute
3 Broward County, Florida Sea Turtle Conservation
4 References
5 External links

Facilities[edit]
The center is composed of three buildings, and several modulars. The main two-story building houses seven laboratories, conference rooms, workroom, and 13 offices. A second building contains a large two-story warehouse and staging area, classroom, biology laboratory, electron microscopy laboratory, darkroom, machine shop, carpentry shop, electronics laboratory, the library, student computer lab, computing center, and 15 offices. A one-story building contains a wetlab/classroom, coral workshop, and an X-ray facility. A modular laboratory is used for aquaculture studies. The Oceanographic Center grows and sells red mangroves.[1]
Affiliated institutions[edit]
National Coral Reef Institute[edit]
The Oceanographic Center is host to the National Coral Reef Institute was established by Congressional mandate in 1998. NCRI's primary objective is the assessment, monitoring, and restoration of coral reefs through basic and applied research and through training and education.[2]
Guy Harvey Research Institute[edit]
The Guy Harvey Research Institute conducts high quality, solution-oriented basic and applied scientific research needed for effective conservation, biodiversity maintenance, restoration, and understanding of the world's wild fishes. The GHRI also provides advanced scientific training to US and international students interested in ocean health. The GHRI is named for Jamaican artist Guy Harvey known for his marine themed works.[3]
Broward County, Florida Sea Turtle Conservation[edit]
NSU Oceanographic Center supplies the Broward County Sea Turtle Conservation Program with contract employees and research facilities.[4]
References[edit]
1.Jump up ^ http://www.nova.edu/ocean/aqua/mangroves/index.html
2.Jump up ^ http://www.nova.edu/ocean/ncri/aboutus/index.html
3.Jump up ^ http://www.nova.edu/ocean/ghri/about/index.html
4.Jump up ^ http://www.nova.edu/ocean/seaturtles/index.htm
External links[edit]
Nova Southeastern University Oceanographic Center - official site


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Ocean Institute
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 The Ocean Institute welcomes over 100,000 school children annually for ocean science and maritime history programs.
The Ocean Institute is an ocean education organization located in Dana Point, California. Founded as the Marine Institute in 1977, it offers ocean science and maritime history programs for K-12 students and their teachers. Over 100,000 students and 8,000 teachers from Orange County and the surrounding counties participate yearly in immersion-style programs in the Institute's oceanfront labs and abroad.[1]
The Institute is open to the general public on weekends, 10 a.m. - 3 p.m.; visitors can see marine animals and ocean-themed exhibits.
Moored at the Institute is its 70-foot marine science research vessel, the R/V Sea Explorer, used for student programs and to take visitors on trips to see marine wildlife, including whale watching. The Institute also partners with the Lazy-W Ranch, a camp located in the Cleveland National Forest where students study the ecosystem and California history. It provides outreach programs via a mobile laboratory provided by the "Ocean in Motion" van and distance learning via video conference.[2]


Contents  [hide]
1 Other Facilities
2 Tall Ships: Pilgrim and Spirit of Dana Point
3 Annual budget
4 References
5 External links

Other Facilities[edit]
Ecology Learning Center - for grades K-3, includes marine life tanks, wet-tables with video-microscopes, a digital imaging lab and an interactive children's theater.
Marine Life Refuge - Eight acres of beach and tidepools just to the north of the facility; used for walking tours.
Maritime Center - Used for teaching maritime history.
Packard At-Sea Learning Center - For grades 4-6, houses marine life including jellyfish at various stages of development.
Surfscience Learning Center, Sleeping Deck - Houses teaching exhibits such as an oceanography test tank, wave tank, shark & ray pool and a shipboard research station. Students on overnight programs can sleep upstairs on the sleeping deck. The deck also houses a National Weather Service Coastal Observation Station.
Samueli Lecture Hall and Conference Center - The central meeting facility of the Institute, used for educational presentations and special events.
Student and Teacher Services Building - The main administration building; a two-story open lobby serves as the main entry for visitors. Exhibits on the first floor.
Center for Cooperation in Research and Education - Integrates ocean research into Ocean Institute programs.
Laurena G. Chambers Gallery and Gift Store - Open daily 9 a.m. - 6 p.m., staffed by volunteers. Offers educational materials and ocean and maritime-themed gift items.
Tall Ships: Pilgrim and Spirit of Dana Point[edit]



 Maritime history program, tall ship Pilgrim, Ocean Institute
The Institute maintains two tall ships, the Pilgrim, a 130-foot vessel used in overnight and dockside programs, and the Spirit of Dana Point, a 118-foot topsail schooner. The Pilgrim is a replica of the tall ship that Richard Henry Dana, Jr. sailed onboard into Dana Point in the 1830s. Tall ship programs simulate the experience of a sailor in the 1830s.[3]
The Pilgrim and Spirit of Dana Point are showcased at the Institute's largest annual event, the Toshiba Tall Ships Festival,[4] held in September. It draws seven or eight tall ships from up and down the coast, and features pirates, singing, cannon battles and a chance to sail on a tall ship.

Annual budget[edit]
The Ocean Institute has an annual budget of $6 million, and employs 100 full and part-time staff members, as well utilizing the services of hundreds of volunteers. Professional partners include JPL, the National Science Foundation and Scripps Institution of Oceanography. Supporters include the Swenson Family Foundation, the Henry Samueli Foundation, Quiksilver and KOCE, among others. Dan Stetson, who joined the Institute staff in 1992, serves as the Institute’s president. It is funded through school visitations, state and city grants, as well as gifts from local philanthropists. The watershed education program is funded by Miocean and the Surf Industry Manufacturers Association.[1][5]
The Institute's largest annual fundraiser is its Laguna Beach Million Dollar Home Raffle,[6] which began in 2005.
References[edit]
1.^ Jump up to: a b Luna, Claire (October 14, 2003). "Dana Point's Ocean Institute shows schoolkids how inland acts of carelessness can harm the ocean.". Los Angeles Times. pp. B3. Retrieved 2008-11-29.
2.Jump up ^ "About Us". Orange County Ocean Institute. Retrieved 2008-11-29.
3.Jump up ^ http://www.ocregister.com/articles/institute-21827-ocean-dana.html
4.Jump up ^ "Tall Ships Festival site".
5.Jump up ^ Reyes, David (September 28, 2000). "Dana Point Ocean Institute Receives $9.5-Million Gift". Los Angeles Times.
6.Jump up ^ www.lagunabeachhomeraffle.com "Laguna Beach Million Dollar Home Raffle site".
External links[edit]
Official website


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Coordinates: 33.4611°N 117.7066°W
 


Categories: Oceanographic institutions
Education in Orange County, California
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Scripps Institution of Oceanography
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 This article needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. (July 2009)
Coordinates: 32.865437°N 117.253626°W



 La Jolla Shores


 Scripps Institution of Oceanography pier
Scripps Institution of Oceanography (sometimes referred to as SIO, Scripps Oceanography, or Scripps) in San Diego, California, founded in 1903, is one of the oldest and largest centers for ocean and Earth science research, public service, undergraduate and graduate training in the world. Hundreds of ocean and Earth scientists conduct research with the aid of oceanographic research vessels and shorebased laboratories. Its Old Scripps Building is a U.S. National Historic Landmark. Scripps is a department of the University of California, San Diego. The public explorations center of the institution is the Birch Aquarium at Scripps. Since becoming part of the University of California in 1912, the institution has expanded its scope to include studies of the physics, chemistry, geology, biology, and climate of Earth.
Dr. Margaret Leinen took office as Vice Chancellor for Marine Sciences, Director of Scripps Institution of Oceanography, and Dean of the Graduate School of Marine Sciences on Oct. 1, 2013.[1]
Scripps publishes explorations now, an e-magazine of ocean and earth science.


Contents  [hide]
1 Mission statement
2 Research programs
3 Organizational Structure
4 History
5 Research vessels
6 Birch Aquarium at Scripps
7 Notable faculty members (past and present)
8 Notable alumni
9 Popular culture
10 See also
11 References
12 Further reading
13 External links

Mission statement[edit]
"To seek, teach, and communicate scientific understanding of the oceans, atmosphere, Earth, and other planets for the benefit of society and the environment."[2]
Research programs[edit]



 Scripps Institution of Oceanography researchers at sea
The institution's research programs encompass biological, physical, chemical, geological, and geophysical studies of the oceans and earth. Scripps also studies the interaction of the oceans with both the atmospheric climate and environmental concerns on terra firma. Related to this research, Scripps offers undergraduate and graduate degrees. (see https://scripps.ucsd.edu/education for more information.)
Today, the Scripps staff of 1,300 includes approximately 100 faculty, 300 other scientists and some 240 graduate students, with an annual budget of more than $180 million.[3]
The institution operates a fleet of four oceanographic research vessels and the research platform R/P FLIP (FLoating Instrument Platform) for oceanographic research. A fifth ship, R/V Sally Ride (named for the late astronaut and former UC San Diego professor), is scheduled to be launched in 2015.[4]
The Integrated Research Themes [5] encompassing the work done by Scripps researchers are:
Biodiversity and Conservation
California Environment
Earth and Planetary Chemistry
Earth Through Space and Time
Energy and the Environment
Environment and Human Health
Global Change
Global Environmental Monitoring
Hazards
Ice and Climate
Instruments and Innovation
Interfaces
Marine Life
Modeling, Theory, and Computing
Sound and Light in the Sea
Waves and Circulation
Organizational Structure[edit]
Scripps Oceanography is divided into three research sections, each with its own subdivisions:[6]
Biology Center for Marine Biotechnology & Biomedicine (CMBB)
Integrative Oceanography Division (IOD)
Marine Biology Research Division (MBRD)
Earth Cecil H. and Ida M. Green Institute of Geophysics and Planetary Physics (IGPP)
Geosciences Research Division (GRD)
Oceans & Atmosphere Climate, Atmospheric Science & Physical Oceanography (CASPO)
Marine Physical Laboratory (MPL)

History[edit]
Scripps Institution of Oceanography was founded in 1903 as the Marine Biological Association of San Diego, an independent biological research laboratory, by University of California Zoology professor William Emerson Ritter, with support from local philanthropist Ellen Browning Scripps and later her brother E. W. Scripps. They fully funded Scripps for the first several years. Scripps began institutional life in the boathouse of the Hotel del Coronado located on San Diego Bay. It re-located in 1905 to the La Jolla area on the head above La Jolla Cove, and finally in 1907 to its present location.
In 1912 Scripps became part of the University of California and was renamed the "Scripps Institution for Biological Research." The name was changed to Scripps Institution of Oceanography in October 1925.[7] During the 1960s, led by Scripps Institution of Oceanography director Roger Revelle, it formed the nucleus for the creation of the University of California, San Diego (UCSD) on a bluff overlooking Scripps Institution.
The Old Scripps Building, designed by Irving Gill, was declared a National Historic Landmark in 1982.[8][9] Architect Barton Myers designed the current Scripps Building.
Research vessels[edit]



 Scripps research vessel Roger Revelle
Scripps owns and operates several research vessels and platforms:[10]
R/P FLIP
R/V Roger Revelle
R/V Melville
R/V New Horizon
R/V Robert Gordon Sproul
R/V Sally Ride (Operational 2015)
Previous vessels larger than 50 ft (15 m)1906 - R/V Loma
1907 - 1917 R/V Alexander Agassiz
1918 - 1918 R/V Ellen Browning
1925 - 1936 R/V Scripps
1937 - 1955 R/V E. W. Scripps
1955 - 1965 R/V Stranger (Operated as USS Jasper from 1941 to 1947 for the UC Division of War Research)
1947 - 1956 R/V Crest
1947 - 1969 R/V Horizon
1948 - 1965 R/V Paolina-T
1951 - 1965 R/V Spencer F.Baird
1955 - 1969 T-441
1956 - 1962 R/V Orca
1959 - 1963 R/V Hugh M. Smith
1959 - 1970 R/V Argo (Official Navy name was Snatch)
1962 - 1976 R/V Alexander Agassiz
1962–present R/P FLIP
1962 - 1974 R/V Oconostota (The Oconostota was known as "The Rolling O" because of its unpleasant motion.)
1965 - 1980 R/V Alpha Helix (Transferred to University of Alaska, Fairbanks in 1980 (UAF sold vessel in 2007 to Stabbert Maritime)
1965 - ???? R/V Ellen B. Scripps
1966 - 1992 R/V Thomas Washington (Transferred to Chile and renamed Vidal Gormaz in 1992 (still operating in 2010)
1969–present R/V Melville (AGOR-14)
1973 - ???? R/V Gianna
1973 - ???? R/V Dolphin (Dolphin is now at the San Diego Maritime Museum)
1978–present R/V New Horizon
1984–present R/V Robert Gordon Sproul
1995–present R/V Roger Revelle
Birch Aquarium at Scripps[edit]
Main article: Birch Aquarium at Scripps



 Birch Aquarium at Scripps, with the Village of La Jolla in the background
The Birch Aquarium at Scripps, the public explorations center of the institution, features a Hall of Fishes with more than 60 tanks of Pacific fishes and invertebrates from the cold waters of the Pacific Northwest to the tropical waters of Mexico and the Caribbean, a 13,000-gallon Shark Reef exhibit, interactive tide pools and several educational exhibits.[11]
Notable faculty members (past and present)[edit]
Duncan Agnew
Farooq Azam
George Backus
Ernest Baldwin
Douglas Bartlett
Andrew Benson
Hugh Bradner
Edward Brinton
Theodore Holmes Bullock
Ralph J. Cicerone
Robert W. Corell
Charles S. Cox
Harmon Craig
Paul J. Crutzen
Paul K. Dayton
Edward DeLong
Robert S. Dietz
Seibert Q. Duntley
Carl Eckart
Jim T. Enright
David Epel
Edward A. Frieman
Robert Garrels
Freeman Gilbert
Edward D. Goldberg
Joel Hedgpeth
Walter Heiligenberg
Sam Hinton
Carl Hubbs
Douglas Inman
John Dove Isaacs
Jeremy Jackson
Martin W. Johnson
Thomas H. Jordan (former)
Charles David Keeling
Ralph Keeling
Charles Kennel
Nancy Knowlton
Ralph A. Lewin
Edwin P. Martz
Henry William Menard
Mario J. Molina
John W. Miles
B. Greg Mitchell
Walter Munk
Jerome Namias
William Nierenberg
Pearn P. Niiler
Stewart Nozette
Veerabhadran Ramanathan
Roger Revelle
William Emerson Ritter
Dean Roemmich
Enric Sala
Hans Suess
Francis Parker Shepard
Cornelius Cole Smith, Jr.
Richard Somerville
Fred Spiess
George Sugihara
Harald Sverdrup
Lynne Talley
Warren White
Klaus Wyrtki
Victor Vacquier Sr. and son
Benjamin Elazari Volcani
Notable alumni[edit]
Tanya Atwater
Thomas Elliot Bowman III
Edward Brinton
Stephen E. Calvert
Aiden M. Christiansen
Jack Corliss
John M. Edmond
Kenneth Farley
Susan M. Gaines
Eric Giddens
Susan Hough
Ancel Keys
Megan McArthur
James J. McCarthy
Marcia McNutt
Jessica Meir
Walter Munk
Wheeler J. North
Giuseppe Notarbartolo di Sciara
Colm Ó hEocha
George Perry
Brinke Stevens
Christopher Stott
Brian Tucker
Popular culture[edit]
In 2008, Scripps Institution of Oceanography was the subject of a category on the TV game show Jeopardy!.[12] Scripps has been a story element in numerous fictional works.[13]
See also[edit]
Array Network Facility
The Scripps Research Institute, a neighboring, but completely independent medical research institute.
Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, a similar research facility on the east coast of the USA.
Monterey Bay Aquarium Research Institute, a private, non-profit oceanographic research center in Moss Landing, California.
References[edit]
1.Jump up ^ Scripps Welcomes Margaret Leinen as Director
2.Jump up ^ Mission and Quick Facts, Scripps Institution of Oceanography
3.Jump up ^ 2011-2012 Annual Report
4.Jump up ^ Navy Names New Scripps Research Vessel to Honor the Legacy of Space Explorer and UC San Diego Professor Sally Ride
5.Jump up ^ https://scripps.ucsd.edu/research/integrated-themes
6.Jump up ^ https://scripps.ucsd.edu/research/research-sections
7.Jump up ^ Scripps history.
8.Jump up ^ "Old Scripps Building". National Historic Landmark summary listing. National Park Service. Retrieved 2008-07-10.
9.Jump up ^ James H. Charleton (February 12, 1982). National Register of Historic Places Inventory-Nomination: Scripps, George H., Memorial Marine Biological Laboratory / Old Scripps Building (PDF). National Park Service. Retrieved 2009-06-22. and Accompanying 10 or so photos, exterior and interior, from 1977, 1980, and undated PDF (2.83 MB)
10.Jump up ^ SIO Timeline, from SIO Archives, UCSD online collection. Shor, E., Scripps in the 1950s: A Decade of Bluewater Oceanography, Journal of San Diego History, v29:4, 1983. Shor, E., SIO: Probing the oceans 1936-1976, Tofua Press, San Diego, 1978.
11.Jump up ^ Birch Aquarium Fact Sheet
12.Jump up ^ :: explorations magazine : Scripps Oceanography, UC SAN DIEGO : Around the Pier ::
13.Jump up ^ Scripps Institution of Oceanography in Fiction. Peter Brueggeman. SIO Library, 2001
Further reading[edit]
Scripps Institution of Oceanography; First Fifty Years Helen Raitt and Beatrice Moulton. Los Angeles : W. Ritchie Press, 1967.
Scripps Institution of Oceanography : Probing the Oceans, 1936 to 1976 Elizabeth Noble Shor. San Diego, Calif. : Tofua Press, 1978.
The Keeling Curve Turns 50
External links[edit]
Scripps Institution of Oceanography
explorations E-Magazine
Support Scripps
Birch Aquarium at Scripps
"How Scripps Institution Came To San Diego", The Journal of San Diego History 27:3 (Summer 1981) by Elizabeth N. Shor


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Sea Education Association
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
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SEA Logo lowres.png
Sea Education Association (SEA) is a private, nonprofit educational organization, and an internationally recognized leader in undergraduate ocean education. Founded in 1971 by Corwith Cramer, Jr. SEA operates two sailing ships traveling throughout both the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans. For nearly 45 years and over one million nautical miles sailed, we have educated students about the world’s oceans through our fully accredited study abroad program, SEA Semester®.
SEA Semester is the leading off-campus Environmental Studies program focused on the oceans. We create environmentally literate leaders who are prepared to address the defining issue of the twenty-first century: the human impact on the environment. We look for motivated students of all majors who are passionate about learning, willing to seek out new challenges, and eager to become part of a unique learning community.
SEA is based on Cape Cod in the oceanographic research community of Woods Hole, Massachusetts.


Contents  [hide]
1 Mission
2 History
3 Programs
4 Vessels
5 See also
6 External links

Mission[edit]
SEA is an educational institution dedicated to exploration, understanding and stewardship of the oceans, and to the study of humanity's relationship with the oceans. SEA offers students an interdisciplinary curriculum, on shore and at sea aboard tall ships, that provides challenging voyages of scientific discovery, academic rigor, and personal growth.
History[edit]
Founded in 1971, the Sea Education Association spent its first years operated from headquarters in Boston and Chicago, however in 1975, Corwith Cramer had the organization and its sole vessel, the R/V Westward, transferred to its modern-day location in Woods Hole, Massachusetts.
Over the years, the program would expand greatly, with more ocean semester programs being offered at a time and the expanding of the SEA fleet. Most of these changes can be accredited to Cramer's successor, Rafe Parker, who replaced him in 1982. Some of the program's most significant changes include, the addition of the SSV Corwith Cramer brigantine in 1987, and the replacement of the R/V Westward with the SSV Robert C. Seamans in 2001.
This tradition of innovation and constant improvement continued under the leadership of John Bullard, who took over as President in 2002 and retired in June 2012. During John's term, SEA developed the Stanford@SEA Program and formed additional partnerships with domestic and foreign universities. SEA's academic offerings expanded from one program to six and the science done by SEA students and faculty became internationally recognized, especially in the area of marine debris.
Peg Brandon, SEA Semester alumna and former SEA Faculty Captain, took the helm as SEA's newest President in 2014.
Programs[edit]
Wiki letter w.svg This section is empty. You can help by adding to it. (July 2014)
Vessels[edit]
SSV Corwith Cramer
SSV Robert C. Seamens
See also[edit]
Wiki letter w.svg This section is empty. You can help by adding to it. (July 2010)
External links[edit]
Sea Education Association
About SEA from the Woods Hole Diversity Committee
Sustainability in Polynesian Island Cultures and Ecosystems (SPICE) Atlas

 


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Research institutes in the United States
Independent research institutes











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Sea Mammal Research Unit
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Sea Mammal Research Unit

Established
1978
Type
Research institute
Admin. staff
40 (approx)
Location
St Andrews, Fife, Scotland
Affiliations
University of St Andrews,
Website
www.smru.st-andrews.ac.uk
The Sea Mammal Research Unit (SMRU) is a marine science research organisation in Fife, Scotland. It provides the UK's main science capability in the field of marine mammal biology. It is located at the Gatty Marine Laboratory, part of the University of St Andrews. It was established in 1978, when the Natural Environment Research Council merged its Seals Research Division and Whale Research Unit.[1]
SMRU's current strategic science priorities include evaluating the status of marine mammal populations; investigating the importance of marine mammals as components of marine ecosystems; determining the dynamics of marine mammal populations; studying marine mammal social structure and communication; providing the technological basis for observing free-ranging marine mammals and their environment. SMRU also uses the popularity of marine mammals to improve public knowledge about the marine environment.[2]
SMRU's activities address the requirements for information about marine mammals identified in the UK and Scottish Sustainable Development and Biodiversity Strategies and the Strategy for Scotland’s Coast and Inshore Waters. It is also relevant to the Joint UK Response to the Review of Marine Nature Conservation, the EU Marine Strategy and the UK Small Cetacean Bycatch Response Strategy.
SMRU is an independent NERC collaborative centre.[3] The funding it receives from NERC is mainly to support the Conservation of Seals Act 1970. SMRU focuses over half of its research effort on cetaceans. In agreement with NERC, SMRU raises the remainder of its funding from other sources. These include the European Union, Defra, Scottish Government and UK Ministry of Defence. It also develops and supplies instrumentation to the science community.
SMRU Ltd[4] was set up in 2006 as the commercial arm of the Sea Mammal Research Unit at the University of St Andrews and is a world leader in applied research and consultancy on marine mammals, providing high quality services and advice on marine environmental issues.
Notable SMRU Ltd projects includes Marine Mammal Mitigation on the world's first commercial tidal device at Strangford Loch[5] and the development of PAMBuoy.[6]
References[edit]
1.Jump up ^ http://www.smru.st-andrews.ac.uk/documents/SMRU_Scientific_Report.pdf
2.Jump up ^ http://www.smru.st-andrews.ac.uk/pageset.aspx?psr=408
3.Jump up ^ http://www.nerc.ac.uk/research/sites/collaborative/smru.asp
4.Jump up ^ http://www.smru.co.uk/
5.Jump up ^ http://www.seageneration.co.uk/
6.Jump up ^ http://www.pambuoy.co.uk/
External links[edit]
Scottish Oceans Institute (Gatty Marine Laboratory) Homepage
Sea Mammal Research Unit Homepage
St Andrews University
Natural Environment Research Council (NERC)
SMRU Ltd - commercial Arm of the Sea Mammal Research Unit
- SeaGen is the name given to the 1.2MW tidal energy convertor that was installed in Strangford Lough
- Real-time marine mammal detection and noise level measurement


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 Chancellor  (Menzies Campbell)
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Categories: Oceanographic institutions
University of St Andrews
Science and technology in Scotland
Scientific organisations based in the United Kingdom
Organisations based in Fife
1978 establishments in Scotland
Scientific organizations established in 1978
Research institutes in Scotland


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Southern California Marine Institute
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Southern California Marine Institute (SCMI)
Southern California Marine Institute logo.png
Founded
May 1993
Founder
Lon McClanahan
 Don Newman
Type
Non-operating private foundation
 (IRS exemption status): 501(c)(3)[1]
Location
Terminal Island

Origins
Ocean Studies Institute (OSI)
Area served
Southern California, United States
Method
Donations and Grants[2]
Website
SCMI.us
The Southern California Marine Institute (SCMI) is a multi-campus research facility and non-profit oceanographic institution headquartered in Terminal Island, California.


Contents  [hide]
1 History
2 Membership
3 Research vessels
4 See also
5 References
6 External links

History[edit]
In the late 1960s, marine scientists working at six campuses of the CSU system in the Los Angeles basin (Dominguez Hills, Fullerton, Long Beach, Los Angeles, Northridge, and Cal Poly Pomona) proposed the formation of an institute that would provide the advancement of marine programs. It was until 1971, when the university system decided to purchase the naval vessel R/V Nautilus for that specific purpose. In 1972, the creation of the Southern California Ocean Studies Consortium (SCOSC) was approved by the Trustees and the Presidents of the founding campuses and the operation of the R/V Nautilus floating marine laboratory began.
The University of California Los Angeles is in partnership with the Institute, thereby increasing marine research in Los Angeles, and providing educational opportunities for its students.[3]
Membership[edit]
The eleven institutions in the Southern California Marine Institute consortium are:
Cal Poly Pomona
Cal State Fullerton
Cal State Long Beach
Cal State Northridge
CSU Dominguez Hills
CSU Los Angeles
CSU San Bernardino
CSU San Marcos
Occidental College
UCLA
USC - (USC Wrigley Institute for Environmental Studies)
Research vessels[edit]
SCMI operates a fleet of two research vessels, the 76-foot R/V Yellowfin and the 64-foot R/V Sea Watch.
See also[edit]
California State University Moss Landing Marine Laboratories
Marine Mammal Center
Alliance for Coastal Technologies
References[edit]
1.Jump up ^ FoundationCenter.org Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation, accessed 2009-06-20
2.Jump up ^ http://scmi.us/category/boat-donation-sales
3.Jump up ^ DeRose, Kim (December 17, 2010). "UCLA joins Southern California Marine Institute to revitalize marine research in Los Angeles". Retrieved March 15, 2013.
External links[edit]
SCMI Official Website


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Categories: 1993 establishments in California
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University-National Oceanographic Laboratory System
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The University-National Oceanographic Laboratory System (UNOLS) is a group of academic institutions and National Laboratories organized in the United States to coordinate research vessel use for federally funded ocean research. The UNOLS office is currently located at the University of Rhode Island Graduate School of Oceanography.[1]
The UNOLS system grew from the recognition during the rapid expansion of oceanographic activity that there was no organized means of coordinating ship time requests of researchers, particularly those from institutions not operating vessels and that more expensive ships were not the answer. Federal research sponsors were concerned about more effective use of those expensive assets. Even though a more formal National Oceanographic Laboratory system was not established the less formal and less federally controlled cooperative system of the University-National Oceanographic Laboratory System was established. The form this took lay between federal control of the fleet and uncoordinated use of the often federally owned research vessels at the institutions. UNOLS was chartered in 1971 to coordinate and support federally funded oceanographic research through efficient usage of the fleet.[2]
UNOLS goes beyond simple coordination of fleet activities. The system has developed standards and standard practices in cost accounting, reports, information services, shipboard equipment and services, foreign visit clearances, safety and coordinates on new vessel acquisition. In that last area UNOLS has played a part in influencing designs to most effectively support the mission. This has influenced the design of most U.S. and some foreign research vessels.


Contents  [hide]
1 Federal Support, Cooperation and Funding
2 Institutions
3 Vessels
4 See also
5 References
6 External links

Federal Support, Cooperation and Funding[edit]
Federal support for and cooperation with UNOLS is found in the National Science Foundation (NSF), Office of Naval Research (ONR), National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), U.S. Coast Guard (USCG), U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) and the Minerals Management Service (MMS) and other agencies.[3]
The majority of the ships are owned by federal agencies and the ships are available to all federally funded researchers.[4] Federal agencies also utilize excess ship time in fulfilling some of their ship based requirements.[5]
Institutions[edit]
As of December 2009 sixty-one institutions are members. Some operate vessels while some are non-operator institutions. Those non-operator institutions were first associate members and are now full members.[6]
Vessels[edit]
Vessels are either owned by or, more often, assigned to and operated by the institutions. UNOLS itself is neither the operator nor the funding agency for research.[2] Many of the vessels are owned by federal agencies with the Navy having the largest number. The National Science Foundation owns vessels operated by UNOLS institutions. The National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration operates a large vessel, the Ronald H. Brown in cooperation with UNOLS. The U.S. Coast Guard icebreakers also cooperate on research scheduling.[7] A number of well known research vessels have been members of the UNOLS fleet. Some are now retired or otherwise out of UNOLS service.[8] All of the Navy owned oceanographic research (AGOR), as opposed to survey, vessels are now operated by institutions within UNOLS.
In addition to vessels UNOLS assists in scheduling oceanographic research using aircraft owned by federal agencies through the Scientific Committee for Oceanographic Aircraft Research (SCOAR).[9][10]
See also[edit]
List of auxiliaries of the United States Navy
National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration
Office of Naval Research
United States Department of Energy national laboratories
United States Naval Research Laboratory
References[edit]
1.Jump up ^ http://www.unols.org/info/contactus.html | UNOLS Office Contact Information
2.^ Jump up to: a b http://www.unols.org/committees/fic/biennial/history.html | UNOLS Website: History of UNOLS by Robert P. Dinsmore
3.Jump up ^ http://www.unols.org/info/links.html | Links to our Federal Agencies
4.Jump up ^ http://www.unols.org/info/scheduling.html | Information Required by Academic Scientists Wishing to Use the UNOLS Research Fleet
5.Jump up ^ http://www.whitehouse.gov/omb/expectmore/detail/10003107.2006.html | National Oceanic & Atmospheric Administration: Marine and Aviation Operations, sections 1.2 and 1.3
6.Jump up ^ http://www.unols.org/info/direct.html | UNOLS Directory
7.Jump up ^ http://www.unols.org/info/vessels.htm | UNOLS Research Vessels (list with owner/operator and links)
8.Jump up ^ http://www.gso.uri.edu/unols/schedules/default.htm | UNOLS Current and Retired Vessel List
9.Jump up ^ http://www.unols.org/committees/scoar/oceanography_mag_2004_vol17_4.pdf | UNOLS Establishes SCOAR to Promote Research Aircraft Facilities for U. S. Ocean Sciences
10.Jump up ^ http://www.unols.org/committees/scoar/index.html#aircraft | UNOLS Oceanographic Aircraft Facility Information
University-National Oceanographic Laboratory System
External links[edit]
About UNOLS
UNOLS Research Vessels (list with owner/operator and links)
UNOLS Research Fleet (vessels pictured)
 


Categories: Oceanographic institutions
Research vessels of the United States
University-National Oceanographic Laboratory System research vessels
Oceanographic research ships of the United States Navy


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Usa Marine Biological Institute
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Question book-new.svg
 This article does not cite any references or sources. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. (November 2008)

Usa Marine Biological Institute (Japanese: 高知大学 海洋生物教育研究センター)
Umb.jpg
Established
1953, August 1
Type
Public
President
Izumi Kinoshita
Academic staff
4
Undergraduates
30
Postgraduates
7
Location
Usa, Kochi, Japan
Website
[1]



 Usa Marine Biological Institute pier
The Usa Marine Biological Institute (UMBI) (sometimes referred to as MBI-Japan, Japanese Marine Biological Institute, Usa Kaiyo Center or just Usa) is one of the oldest and largest centers for phycology, marine biology research, graduate training, and public service in Japan. It is devoted to scientific research leading to MS and PhD degrees in phycology, marine biology and related fields. It grants degrees jointly with Kochi University.
UMBI is located in the village of Usa cho, Kochi Prefecture, Japan.


Contents  [hide]
1 History
2 Vessels
3 Laboratories 3.1 Phycological research
4 Notable alumni
5 See also
6 External links

History[edit]
The Usa Marine Biological Station was founded in 1953 as an independent research institute by the Japanese Government. In 1978, its name was changed to Usa Marine Biological Institute.



 Usa Marine Biological Institute researchers, 1963
Under the directorship of Professor Masao Ohno, the institute established a Japan International Cooperation Agency (JICA) training program in marine biology, since when a large number of foreign researchers have come to the institute to pursue short term research projects. The current director, Professor Izumi Kinoshita, supervises and coordinates the JICA training program.
In 2004, UMBI started a new graduate program, Kuroshio Sciences, jointly with Kochi University, to study the Kuroshio Current from an interdisciplinary perspective.
UMBI graduate students are supported by various financial aid schemes, especially the Monbukagakusho MEXT International PhD Program.
Vessels[edit]



 Capt Yano on board R/V Hamayu
UMBI operates several manned research vessels and vehicles, owned by Kochi University or the Japanese Government
R/V Yutaka Hata Maru
R/V Neptune
R/V Hamayu
R/V Triton
Laboratories[edit]



 UMBI current and past directorsEarly life-history of fishes
Zooplankton Ecology
Crustacean Ecology
Marine Phycology
Phycological research[edit]



Ulva prolifera Scale-up photobioreactors installed at Muroto facility.


 Mr Ooki, a seaweed farmer cultivating Monostroma latissimum in the Shimanto estuary
Usa Marine Biological Institute is renowned for marine phycological research. Emeritus Professor Masao Ohno was the first person in Japan to use an artificial seeding method for the commercial cultivation of green algae. The institute is one of the pioneer research institutes in the world for the study of Ulvophycean algae and has state-of-art facilities for marine phycological research.
Contemporary marine phycology research in the UMBI focuses on culture studies to establish life-histories of Ulvophycean algae (Ulva and Monostroma), tank cultivation of Ulva using deep seawater (conducted jointly with the Deep Seawater Research Center, Muroto, Japan) and the ecology of Ecklonia and Sargasm species in the Pacific Ocean.
Notable alumni[edit]
Masao Ohno
Professor Nakauchi
Professor Yamaoka
See also[edit]
The Scripps Institution of Oceanography is a similar research facility located in La Jolla, California.
The Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution is a similar oceanographic facility located at Woods Hole in Massachusetts.
The Institute of Algological Research is a similar phycological research institute also located in Japan
The Friday Harbor Laboratories in the USA conducts similar research in marine biology.
External links[edit]
Usa Marine Biological Institute
 


Categories: Oceanographic institutions
Marine biology





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Virginia Institute of Marine Science
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 The main VIMS campus in Gloucester Point, VA
The Virginia Institute of Marine Science (VIMS) is one of the oldest and largest schools of oceanography focused on coastal ocean and estuarine science in the United States. Founded in 1938, VIMS operates three campuses, has 57 faculty members[1] and a total student body ranging from 100 - 125 students, and is a part of the College of William & Mary. It is funded by the Commonwealth of Virginia and includes four academic departments: Biological Sciences, Environmental and Aquatic Animal Health, Fisheries Science, and Physical Sciences, and offers both M.S. and Ph.D. degrees in marine science. The main campus is located in Gloucester Point, Virginia. Coordinates: 37.248759°N 76.50000°W


Contents  [hide]
1 Mission
2 History
3 Research Programs
4 Academics
5 Facilities and Research Vessels
6 Satellite Campuses
7 References
8 External links

Mission[edit]
VIMS provides research, education, and advisory service in marine science to Virginia, the nation, and the world.
History[edit]
VIMS was started by Prof. Donald W. Davis as the William and Mary Maritime Laboratory in 1938,[2] which in 1940 was chartered by the Commonwealth as the Virginia Fisheries Laboratory. Its original building, Maury Hall, is named for Virginian Matthew Fontaine Maury, the “Father of Modern Oceanography”. The Eastern Shore Laboratory was established in 1962, and jumpstarted Virginia’s large hard clam industry. VIMS scientists were leaders in establishing the national Sea Grant and Coastal Zone Management programs in the 1960s.
Research Programs[edit]



 VIMS NOMAD real-time data buoy
VIMS research spans a broad range of topics. A 2009 analysis of research citations by Thomson Reuters Essential Science Indicators found VIMS among the top 1% of institutions in the fields of Plant & Animal Science and Environment & Ecology.
Early programs included:
oyster research in the 1950s that was the seminal work on the ecology of these shellfish;
juvenile fish and blue crab surveys in Chesapeake Bay in 1955, key fishery management tools that continue today;
annual shark survey started in 1973, which is now the world’s longest-running;
seagrass restoration efforts that are the most successful in the world, with 1,400 acres (5.7 km2) restored to coastal bays.
Current active research includes:
Coastal Research - more than 50 coastal projects on every continent including Antarctica;
Blue Crab sustainability
Oyster restoration and aquaculture
Bay Grasses / Submerged aquatic vegetation
Aquatic Diseases & Immunity
Fisheries and Aquaculture
Global Change
Marine Life & Processes
Observing & Modeling - computer models using real-time data to help predict storm surge, sediment transport, and food-web dynamics.
Coastal Economies & Recreation
Pollution detection and risk of marine pollutants
Academics[edit]
VIMS’ School of Marine Science is one of four graduate and professional schools of the College of William and Mary. The school has 57 faculty members and a total student body ranging from 100 - 125 students, approximately half of which are women. M.S. and Ph.D. degrees are offered in four major areas:
Biological Sciences - biological, physical, and human-induced forces governing marine ecosystems on local and global scales.
Environmental & Aquatic Animal Health - chemicals and biological factors that can deleteriously affect the health of aquatic ecosystems.
Fisheries Science - investigation of living marine resources, especially finfish and shellfish
Physical Sciences - chemical, geological, and physical oceanography
Facilities and Research Vessels[edit]
In addition to specialized facilities at the Eastern Shore Laboratory and Kaufman Aquaculture Center, the main campus includes:
The Seawater Research Laboratory, the largest facility of its kind in the U.S, providing 800-gallons per minute to an acre of research tanks and lab space.
The William J. Hargis, Jr. Library with 88,000 marine science volumes.
Visitor Center with aquaria and life-sized models shows how VIMS research benefits Chesapeake Bay and the ocean.
Fish collection features more than 125,000 specimens in 247 families from Chesapeake Bay and surrounding waters.



 VIMS Bay EagleAndrews Hall, a 71,000-square-foot (6,600 m2) building that features 39 laboratories, 25 faculty offices, and space for nearly 100 students, technicians, and visiting scientists. It houses the Aquaculture Genetics and Breeding Technology Center, the Prism Autonomous Systems Laboratory, the Submerged Aquatic Vegetation program, the Dominion Conference room, and a distance-learning classroom.
Chesapeake Bay Hall, a 64,000-square-foot (5,900 m2) facility that houses programs in ecology, ecotoxicology, fishery genetics, immunology, and shellfish pathology.
VIMS owns and operates a fleet of 40 research vessels, including many specialized for research in the Chesapeake Bay and other coastal areas. Vessels include:
R/V Pelican (74') with a 17’x 24’ working deck and 18,000 lb (8,200 kg) lifting capacity crane.
R/V Bay Eagle (65') is outfitted with a wet lab containing a flow-through seawater system. The Bay Eagle also has interchangeable stern decks for versatility when changing from trawling, to dredging, long lining or other applications.
R/V Fish Hawk (29') designed and equipped to perform trawl surveys.
Satellite Campuses[edit]
The Kauffman Aquaculture Center is located on a tributary of the Rappahanock River. It serves VIMS' Aquaculture Genetics and Breeding Technology Center with quarantine facilities for both native and non-native species.
The Eastern Shore Laboratory, located on the Virginia Eastern Shore, serves as both a field station for research and teaching and as a site for resident research in coastal ecology and aquaculture. The laboratory is internationally recognized for shellfish research, with important contributions to molluscan ecology and culture.
References[edit]
1.Jump up ^ VIMS. "VIMS Faculty Listing". Retrieved 2011-03-31.
2.Jump up ^ VIMS. "VIMS FAQ". Retrieved 2011-03-31.
External links[edit]
VIMS official web site
Virginia Estuarine and Coastal Observing System - real-time monitoring of Chesapeake Bay


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The College of William & Mary
















































































































 


Categories: Oceanographic institutions
Research institutes in the United States
College of William & Mary schools and programs
Educational institutions established in 1940
Buildings and structures in Gloucester County, Virginia
Education in Gloucester County, Virginia




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http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Virginia_Institute_of_Marine_Science







List of oceanographic institutions and programs
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to: navigation, search

This is a list of oceanographic institutions and programs.


Contents  [hide]
1 International
2 Australia
3 Bangladesh
4 Barbados
5 Belgium
6 Brazil
7 Bulgaria
8 Canada
9 China
10 Colombia
11 Croatia
12 Finland
13 France
14 Germany
15 Greece
16 Iceland
17 India
18 Indonesia
19 Iran
20 Ireland
21 Israel
22 Italy
23 Japan
24 Lithuania
25 Mexico
26 Netherlands
27 Norway
28 Pakistan
29 Philippines
30 Poland
31 Portugal
32 Russia
33 South Korea
34 Spain
35 Sweden
36 Taiwan (Republic of China)
37 Turkey
38 Ukraine
39 United Kingdom
40 United States
41 References

International[edit]
World Ocean Circulation Experiment
Undersea Research Center (NATO)
MAST (Marine Science and Technology) programme, European Commission
International Council for the Exploration of the Sea
Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission, UNESCO
European Geophysical Society
Scientific Committee on Oceanic Research
Australia[edit]
Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation, CSIRO
University of New South Wales, Sydney Australia, www.oceanography.unsw.edu.au
Bangladesh[edit]
Department of Oceanography[1] (সমুদ্রবিজ্ঞান বিভাগ), University of Dhaka[2] (ঢাকা বিশ্ববিদ্যালয়)
Institute of Marine Sciences and Fisheries, University of Chittagong[3]
Department of Coastal and Marine Fisheries, (Sylhet Agricultural University, Sylhet-3100) http://www.sau.ac.bd
Barbados[edit]
Bellairs Research Institute
Belgium[edit]
MARE, University of Liege[4]
Brazil[edit]
INPOH, Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas Oceanográficas e Hidroviárias (National Institute for Oceanographic and Waterway Research)
IEAPM, Instituto de Estudos do Mar Almirante Paulo Moreira (Admiral Paulo Moreira Institute for Marine Studies)[3]
The following universities have Oceanography departments or institutes that do research and teach the subject at undergraduate and/or graduate level:
Fundação Universidade Federal do Rio Grande, FURG [4]
Universidade de São Paulo, USP [5]
Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, UERJ [6]
Universidade Federal da Bahia, UFBA [7]
Universidade Federal de São Paulo, UNIFESP [8]
Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, UFSC [9]
Universidade Federal do Ceará, UFC [10]
Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, UFES [11]
Universidade Federal do Maranhão, UFMA
Universidade Federal do Pará, UFPA [12]
Universidade Federal do Paraná, UFPR [13]
Universidade Federal do Pernambuco, UFPE [14]
Universidade Vale do Itajaí, UNIVALI [15]
Centro Universitário Monte Serrat, UNIMONTE [16]
Bulgaria[edit]
Institute of Oceanology - Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Varna
Canada[edit]
Bedford Institute of Oceanography
Institute of Ocean Sciences [17]
Oceanography Department, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia [18]
China[edit]
Ocean University of China
Swire Institute of Marine Science, The University of Hong Kong[5]
Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences
Colombia[edit]
José Benito Vives de Andréis Marine and Coastal Research Institute (INVEMAR)
Centro de Investigaciones Oceanográficas e Hidrográficas del Caribe-CIOH http://www.cioh.org.co/
* [[Centro de Investigaciones Oceanográficas e Hidrográficas del Pacífico-CCCP ]]http://www.cccp.org.co/
Universidad de Antioquia - Pregrado de oceanografía y maestría y doctorado en ciencias del mar.
Croatia[edit]
Institute of Oceanography and Fisheries
Finland[edit]
Finnish Institute of Marine Research
France[edit]
IFREMER - French Research Institute for Exploitation of the Sea
Centre d'Oceanologie de Marseille
Station biologique de Roscoff
Laboratoire d'Océanographie de Villefranche-sur-Mer www.obs-vlfr.fr
Station marine de Wimereux
Institut Universitaire Européen des Sciences de la Mer (IUEM), Brest
Station marine de Banyuls-sur-Mer
LEGOS - Laboratoire d’Etudes en Géophysique et Océanographie Spatiales, Toulouse.
LOCEAN, Paris
Station marine d'Arcachon
Station Marine de Concarneau
SHOM - Service Hydrographique et Océanographique de la Marine
Germany[edit]
Alfred Wegener Institute for Polar and Marine Research (AWI), Bremerhaven
Center for Marine Environmental Sciences (MARUM), Bremen
Institute for Baltic Sea Research (IOW), Warnemünde
Leibniz Institute of Marine Sciences (IFM-GEOMAR), Kiel
Senckenberg by the Sea, Wilhelmshaven
German Marine Research Consortium
Centre for Marine Tropical Marine Ecology (ZMT), Bremen
Max Planck Institute for Meteorology (MPI-M), Hamburg
Institut für Meereskunde, University Hamburg (IfM-Hamburg), Hamburg
Institute for Chemistry and Biology of the Marine Environment ICBM, Oldenburg, Wilhelmshaven
Greece[edit]
Hellenic Centre for Marine Research (HCMR). Created in 2003 by merging of the former National Centre for Marine Research (NCMR) and the Institute of Marine Biology of Crete (IMBC).
Iceland[edit]
Marine Research Institute
India[edit]
National Institute of Oceanography, Goa
Centre for Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences (CAOS), Indian Institute of Science (IISc)[19]
Indian National Center for Ocean Information Services (INCOIS), Hyderabad, India.[20]
School of Marine Sciences, Cochin university of science and technology (CUSAT), Kerala
School of Industrial fisheries, Cochin university of science and technology (CUSAT), Kerala
Kerala University of Fisheries and Ocean Studies (KUFOS)
Faculty of Marine Sciences, Annamalai University, Tamil Nadu. [21]
Marine Planktonology and Aquaculture Division, Department of Marine Science, Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli-24 [22]
Department of Marine Science, University of Calcutta ( http://www.caluniv.ac.in/]
School of Oceanographic Studies,Jadavpur University [23]
Centre for Ocean and Coastal Studies, University of Madras
School of Energy Environment & Natural Resources, Madurai Kamaraj University, Tami Nadu [24]
Department of Marine Sciences, Goa University, Goa (www.unigoa.ac.in)
Department of Post Graduate Studies in Marine Biology, Karnatak University Post Graduate centre, Karwar. Karnataka University. Dharwad
Department of Marine Sciences (1978), Berhampur University, Odisha
School of Earth, Ocean & Climate Sciences, IIT Bhubaneswar, Odisha
Center for Earth and Space Sciences -UCESS-University Of Hyderabad,Hyderabad
National Centre for Antarctic and Ocean research (NCAOR), Vasco, Goa, 403804 [www.ncaor.gov.in]
Institute of Ocean Management (IOM), Anna University, Chennai
National Centre for Sustainable Coastal Management (NCSCM), Chennai
Indonesia[edit]
[[ Bogor Agricultural University. Marine Science and Technology Department ]], Bogor
Bandung Institute of Technology, Bandung
Diponegoro University, Semarang
Iran[edit]
Iranian National Institute for Oceanography and Atmospheric Science
Khorramshahr marine science and technology university
Islamic azad university of Tehran
Ireland[edit]
The Irish Marine Institute
Ryan Institute for Environmental, Marine and Energy Research, National University of Ireland, Galway (NUIG)
Coastal and Marine Research Centre, University College Cork (UCC)
Israel[edit]
Israel Oceanographic and Limnological Research Institute (IOLR)
The Leon H. Charney School of Marine Sciences - University of Haifa
Italy[edit]
Italian National Research Council
OGS (Istituto Nazionale di Oceanografia e di Geofisica Sperimentale)
CoNISMa (National Inter-University Consortium of Marine Sciences)
Japan[edit]
Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science and Technology
Tokyo University of Marine Science and Technology
Kobe University
University of the Ryukyus
Lithuania[edit]
Coastal Research and Planning Institute (CORPI), Klaipėda
Mexico[edit]
Centro de Investigación Científica y de Educación Superior de Ensenada (CICESE), Ensenada
Instituto de Ciencias del Mar y Limnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, México City
Facultad de Ciencias del Mar, Universidad Autónoma de Sinaloa, Mazatlán
Instituto de Ciencias del Mar y Limnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mazatlán
Instituto de Ciencias del Mar y Limnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Puerto Morelos
Instituto de Investigaciones Oceanológicas, Universidad Autónoma de Baja California, Ensenada
Universidad del Mar, Puerto Ángel, Oaxaca.
Netherlands[edit]
Royal Netherlands Institute for Sea Research
University of Groningen
Norway[edit]
Institute of Marine Research
Pakistan[edit]
Lasbela University of Agriculture, Water and Marine Sciences, Balochistan[6]
National Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Science and Technology[7]
Philippines[edit]
Marine Science Institute, University of the Philippines - Diliman Marine Science Institute, UP Diliman
Poland[edit]
Institute of Oceanography PAN
Portugal[edit]
CCMAR-Centre of Marine Sciences
CIMAR -Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research
Hydrographic Institute
DOP - department of Oceanography and Fisheries
Institute of Oceanography, University of Lisbon
Russia[edit]
P. P. Shirshov Institute of Oceanology, Russian Academy of Sciences
Russian State Hydrometeorological University
Saint Petersburg State University
Lomonosov Moscow State University
Far Eastern Federal University
Il`ichev Pacific Oceanological Institute, Vladivostok
Yelyakov Pacific Institute of Bio-organic Chemistry, FEB RAS, Vladivostok
Zhirmunsky Institute of the Biology of the Sea, FEB RAS, Vladivostok
Institute of Marine Technologies Problems, FEB RAS, Vladivostok
Pacific Research Fisheries Center (TINRO-Center, Vladivostok)
South Korea[edit]
The Department of Ocean System Science, Pusan National University[8]
School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Seoul National University[9]
Spain[edit]
CASEM (Marine Sciences Studies Andalusian High Center), Cádiz
ICM, Marine Sciences Institute
Oceanic Platform of the Canary Islands
Spanish Institute of Oceanology, Madrid
UTM, Marine Technology Unit
Sweden[edit]
Stockholm Marine Research Centre
Taiwan (Republic of China)[edit]
Center for Maritime History, Academia Sinica
Institute of Marine Biology, National Sun Yat-Sen University
Institute of Marine Biotechnology, National Dong Hwa University
Institute of Marine Environmental Science and Technology, National Taiwan Normal University
Institute of Oceanography, National Taiwan University
National Taiwan Ocean University
Turkey[edit]
Institute of Marine Sciences, Middle East Technical University
Ukraine[edit]
Marine Hydrophysical Institute, National Academy of Sciences
United Kingdom[edit]
National Oceanography Centre, Southampton
Gatty Marine Laboratory, St Andrews, Scotland
Plymouth Marine Laboratory, Plymouth
Proudman Oceanographic Laboratory, Liverpool
British Oceanographic Data Centre [25], Liverpool
Hadley Centre for Climate Prediction and Research, Met Office, Exeter
Scott Polar Research Institute, Cambridge
Dunstaffnage Marine Laboratory, Oban
Bangor Marine Laboratory, Bangor
United States[edit]
American Geophysical Union
American Society of Limnology and Oceanography
Bigelow Laboratory for Ocean Sciences (Maine)
Florida Institute of Technology
Harbor Branch Oceanographic Institution HBOI
iversity]]
Hawaii Pacific University [26]
Humboldt State University (California)
National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA)
Florida State University
Georgia Institute of Technology
Louisiana State University
Marine Biological Laboratory (MBL)
Monterey Bay Aquarium Research Institute (MBARI)
Moss Landing Marine Laboratories
Marine Science Center, Northeastern University
NASA Goddard Space Flight Center
Naval Oceanographic Office
Naval Postgraduate School
Nova Southeastern University
Old Dominion University
Oregon State University
Princeton University
Rosenstiel School of Marine and Atmospheric Science, University of Miami
Rutgers University (New Brunswick)
Schmidt Ocean Institute
School of Marine and Atmospheric Sciences, Stony Brook University, SoMAS
Sea Education Association (SEA)
Scripps Institution of Oceanography
Texas A&M University
University of Alaska Fairbanks
University of California-Davis
University of California-Santa Barbara
University of California-Santa Cruz
University of California-San Diego
University of Connecticut
University of Colorado (Boulder)
University of Delaware, College of Earth, Ocean and Environment
University of Florida
University of Hawaii (Manoa) SOEST
University of Maine
University of Massachusetts, Boston
University of Michigan
University of New Hampshire, School of Marine Science and Ocean Engineering
University of Rhode Island
University of South Carolina
University of South Florida
University of Southern Mississippi
University of Texas (Austin)
University of Washington (Seattle)
University of North Carolina at Wilmington
Virginia Institute of Marine Science VIMS
Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, WHOI



This list is incomplete; you can help by expanding it.
References[edit]
1.Jump up ^ http://www.du.ac.bd/department/common/home.php?bodyid=OCG
2.Jump up ^ http://www.univdhaka.edu
3.Jump up ^ http://www.imscu.ac.bd/
4.Jump up ^ MARE homepage
5.Jump up ^ http://www.hku.hk/swims/
6.Jump up ^ LUAWMS-Balochistan
7.Jump up ^ NIO-Pakistan
8.Jump up ^ [1]
9.Jump up ^ [2]
 


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Category:Marine parks
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
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 Wikimedia Commons has media related to Marine parks.
For more information, see Marine park.
 

Subcategories
This category has the following 13 subcategories, out of 13 total.


*

►  Marine reserves‎ (6 C, 42 P)


A

►  Marine parks of Australia‎ (3 C, 27 P)


C

►  Marine parks of Canada‎ (3 P)


F

►  Marine parks of France‎ (1 P)


H

►  Marine parks of Hong Kong‎ (6 P)


I

►  Marine parks of India‎ (4 P)



►  Marine parks of Indonesia‎ (3 P)



►  Marine parks of Italy‎ (1 C, 5 P)


K

►  Marine parks of Kenya‎ (3 P)


M

►  Marine parks of Mexico‎ (3 P)


P

►  Marine parks of Pakistan‎ (5 P)


T

►  Marine parks of Tanzania‎ (2 P)


U

►  Marine parks of the United States‎ (4 C)



Pages in category "Marine parks"
The following 12 pages are in this category, out of 12 total. This list may not reflect recent changes (learn more).



Angafaru
Marine park
C
Curieuse Island
H
Hat Noppharat Thara–Mu Ko Phi Phi National Park

K
Kosterhavet National Park
L
Lampi Island Marine National Park
M
Mangroves National Park
S
Sainte Anne Marine National Park

S cont.
Selwo Marina
T
Tun Sakaran Marine Park
Tunku Abdul Rahman National Park
Z
Zakynthos Marine Park




Categories: Parks
Oceanographic institutions
Protected areas
Hidden categories: Commons category with local link same as on Wikidata


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Category:Marine parks of the United States
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 Wikimedia Commons has media related to Marine parks of the United States.
 

Subcategories
This category has the following 4 subcategories, out of 4 total.

M

►  Marine parks of Michigan‎ (17 P)


N

►  Marine parks of New York‎ (5 P)


R

►  Marine reserves of the United States‎ (1 C, 12 P)


U

►  Marine parks of the United States Virgin Islands‎ (1 P)





Categories: Marine parks
Parks in the United States
Water in the United States
Hidden categories: Commons category with local link same as on Wikidata


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Category:Marine parks of Michigan
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Pages in category "Marine parks of Michigan"
The following 17 pages are in this category, out of 17 total. This list may not reflect recent changes (learn more).



Michigan Underwater Preserve Council
A
Alger Underwater Preserve
D
De Tour Passage Underwater Preserve
G
Grand Traverse Bay Bottomland Preserve
K
Keweenaw Underwater Preserve
M
Manitou Passage Underwater Preserve

M cont.
Marquette Underwater Preserve
Michigan Underwater Preserves
S
Sanilac Shores Underwater Preserve
Southwest Michigan Underwater Preserve
Straits of Mackinac
Straits of Mackinac Shipwreck Preserve

T
Thumb Area Bottomland Preserve
Thunder Bay National Marine Sanctuary
W
Whitefish Bay
Whitefish Point Light
Whitefish Point Underwater Preserve




Categories: Marine parks of the United States
Parks in Michigan


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Category:Marine parks of New York
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Pages in category "Marine parks of New York"
The following 5 pages are in this category, out of 5 total. This list may not reflect recent changes (learn more).

A
Allan H. Treman State Marine Park
C
Canandaigua Lake
Captree State Park
O
Oak Orchard State Marine Park
P
Pine Neck



Categories: Marine parks of the United States
Parks in New York


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Allan H. Treman State Marine Park
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Allan H. Treman State Marine Park is located in the City of Ithaca in Tompkins County, New York in the USA. The park is at the south end of Cayuga Lake, one of the Finger Lakes.
The park offers a boat launch and dockage, fishing, birdwatching (waterfowl and wetland species), a marina, picnic tables, and playing fields.
See also[edit]
List of New York state parks
External links[edit]
New York State Parks- Allan H. Treman
Coordinates: 42°28′N 76°31′W





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Ithaca, New York





























































 


Categories: Marine parks of New York
State parks of New York
Parks in Tompkins County, New York
Visitor attractions in Ithaca, New York




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Oak Orchard State Marine Park
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Oak Orchard State Marine Park is a state park located at the mouth of Oak Orchard Creek at Lake Ontario in the Town of Carlton in Orleans County, New York, USA. The park can be accessed on NYS Route 18. The park is a few miles east of Lakeside Beach State Park.
The park offers picnic tables, a boat launch, and fishing.
The Lake Ontario State Parkway passes close to the park.
See also[edit]
List of New York state parks
External links[edit]
New York State Parks: Oak Orchard State Marine Park
Coordinates: 43°22′05″N 78°12′14″W


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Stub icon This article about a location in Orleans County, New York is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.




 


Categories: State parks of New York
Marine parks of New York
Parks in Orleans County, New York
Greater Niagara, New York geography stubs





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Category:Marine reserves of the United States
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Subcategories
This category has only the following subcategory.

M

►  Marine sanctuaries in California‎ (37 P)



Pages in category "Marine reserves of the United States"
The following 12 pages are in this category, out of 12 total. This list may not reflect recent changes (learn more).


B
Bodega Marine Reserve
E
Emeryville Crescent State Marine Reserve
G
Gerstle Cove State Marine Reserve
M
Morro Bay State Marine Recreational Management Area and Morro Bay State Marine Reserve

P
Papahānaumokuākea Marine National Monument
Piedras Blancas State Marine Reserve and Marine Conservation Area
Point Buchon State Marine Reserve and Marine Conservation Area
Point Sur State Marine Reserve and Marine Conservation Area

P cont.
Portuguese Ledge State Marine Conservation Area
S
Soquel Canyon State Marine Conservation Area
South Cape Mendocino State Marine Reserve
V
Vandenberg State Marine Reserve




Categories: Marine reserves
Marine parks of the United States
Ecology of the United States
Conservation in the United States
Coasts of the United States


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Category:Marine parks of the United States Virgin Islands
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Pages in category "Marine parks of the United States Virgin Islands"
This category contains only the following page. This list may not reflect recent changes (learn more).

C
Coral World Ocean Park



Categories: Marine parks of the United States
Parks in the United States Virgin Islands


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Category:Marine parks of the United States
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 Wikimedia Commons has media related to Marine parks of the United States.
 

Subcategories
This category has the following 4 subcategories, out of 4 total.

M

►  Marine parks of Michigan‎ (17 P)


N

►  Marine parks of New York‎ (5 P)


R

►  Marine reserves of the United States‎ (1 C, 12 P)


U

►  Marine parks of the United States Virgin Islands‎ (1 P)





Categories: Marine parks
Parks in the United States
Water in the United States
Hidden categories: Commons category with local link same as on Wikidata


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Category:Marine parks
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
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 Wikimedia Commons has media related to Marine parks.
For more information, see Marine park.
 

Subcategories
This category has the following 13 subcategories, out of 13 total.


*

►  Marine reserves‎ (6 C, 42 P)


A

►  Marine parks of Australia‎ (3 C, 27 P)


C

►  Marine parks of Canada‎ (3 P)


F

►  Marine parks of France‎ (1 P)


H

►  Marine parks of Hong Kong‎ (6 P)


I

►  Marine parks of India‎ (4 P)



►  Marine parks of Indonesia‎ (3 P)



►  Marine parks of Italy‎ (1 C, 5 P)


K

►  Marine parks of Kenya‎ (3 P)


M

►  Marine parks of Mexico‎ (3 P)


P

►  Marine parks of Pakistan‎ (5 P)


T

►  Marine parks of Tanzania‎ (2 P)


U

►  Marine parks of the United States‎ (4 C)



Pages in category "Marine parks"
The following 12 pages are in this category, out of 12 total. This list may not reflect recent changes (learn more).



Angafaru
Marine park
C
Curieuse Island
H
Hat Noppharat Thara–Mu Ko Phi Phi National Park

K
Kosterhavet National Park
L
Lampi Island Marine National Park
M
Mangroves National Park
S
Sainte Anne Marine National Park

S cont.
Selwo Marina
T
Tun Sakaran Marine Park
Tunku Abdul Rahman National Park
Z
Zakynthos Marine Park




Categories: Parks
Oceanographic institutions
Protected areas
Hidden categories: Commons category with local link same as on Wikidata


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Oceanarium
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 The Oceanarium in Lisbon, Portugal
An oceanarium can be either a marine mammal park, such as Marineland of Florida, or a large-scale aquarium, such as the Lisbon Oceanarium, presenting an ocean habitat with marine animals, especially large ocean dwellers such as sharks.


Contents  [hide]
1 Marine mammal parks
2 World's largest marine life park
3 Marine public aquariums
4 See also
5 Notes
6 Further reading
7 External links

Marine mammal parks[edit]
Marineland of Florida, one of the first theme parks in Florida, USA, started in 1938, claims to be "the world's first oceanarium"
Marineland of Florida was developed as Marine Studios near St. Augustine in Marineland, Florida, which was followed in Florida by Miami Seaquarium, opened in 1955 and in California by Marineland of the Pacific, opened in 1954 near Los Angeles, and Marine World, Africa USA, opened in 1968 near San Francisco.
SeaWorld San Diego was opened in 1964, developed by four fraternity brothers Milt Shedd, Ken Norris, David DeMott and George Millay. SeaWorld Aurora opened in 1970 near Cleveland, Ohio. SeaWorld Orlando was opened in 1973. SeaWorld (San Diego, Aurora, Orlando) was sold to Harcourt Brace Jovanovich (a publishing company listed on the New York Stock Exchange) in 1976. They purchased Marineland of the Pacific in 1986 and closed the park. They had opened SeaWorld San Antonio in 1988. In 1989 they sold SeaWorld (San Diego, Aurora, Orlando, San Antonio) to Anheuser-Busch, the world's largest brewer and owner of the Busch Gardens Safari Parks, for US$ 1.1 billion. In 2001, Anheuser-Busch sold the Ohio park which finally ceased its activities in 2004. In the capital of Kazakhstan is situated the only Oceanarium in Central Asia
World's largest marine life park[edit]
The Marine Life Park located within Resorts World Sentosa in Singapore is the world’s largest oceanarium, with over 100,000 animals of more than 800 species in 45,000,000 l (9,900,000 imp gal; 12,000,000 US gal) of water.[1] Resorts World Sentosa has made research and education cornerstones of this attraction, which aims to inspire, educate and enrich the understanding and protection of the oceans.
Marine public aquariums[edit]
Modern marine aquariums try to create natural environments. A host of marine animals swim together in the four-story cylindrical tank of the New England Aquarium in Boston, which opened in 1969. At the National Aquarium in Baltimore, which opened in 1981, a walkway spirals up through the center of two gigantic cylindrical tanks, the Atlantic Coral Reef and the Open Ocean, which display sharks, sawfish, and other sea creatures. Since then, many new aquariums have sought even greater realism, often concentrating on local environments. The richly endowed Monterey Bay Aquarium in California, which opened in 1984, is an outstanding example.[2]
See also[edit]
Manila Ocean Park
Nordsøen Oceanarium, Hirtshals, Denmark.
Dolphinarium
Public aquarium
UnderWater World Guam
Notes[edit]
1.Jump up ^ "World's largest oceanarium opens". CNNGo Staff (CNN). 2012-11-22.
2.Jump up ^ Taylor, Leighton R., Aquariums: Windows to Nature, Prentice Hall General Reference, New York, 1993. ISBN 0-671-85019-9
Further reading[edit]
Lou Jacobs, Wonders of an oceanarium: The story of marine life in captivity. Golden Gate Junior Books, 1965.
Joanne F. Oppenheim, Oceanarium. BBooks, 1994. ISBN 0-553-09520-X.
Patryla, Jim. (2005). A Photographic Journey Back To Marineland of the Pacific. Lulu Publishing. ISBN 978-1-4116-7130-0.
External links[edit]
Oceanarium — The Bournemouth Aquarium, UK
Oceanarium, West Australia — suppliers of marine aquarium specimens
Marine Life Park - Resorts World @ Sentosa


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Categories: Oceanaria
Oceanography
Oceanographic institutions


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