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Camille Montes
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Camille Montes Rivero
Character from the James Bond series
Camillemontes.JPG
Affiliation
Bolivian Intelligence
Portrayed by
Olga Kurylenko
Role
Bond girl
Camille Montes Rivero is a fictional character in the James Bond film Quantum of Solace portrayed by actress Olga Kurylenko.
In film[edit]
Camille is a Bolivian national.[1] She first meets Bond in Haiti, where she intends to kill General Medrano, who murdered her entire family when she was a child (shooting her father in the head, then raping her mother and older sister before strangling them to death). She sleeps with Quantum member Dominic Greene to get to Medrano, but Greene soon grows suspicious of her and plans to kill her.
Upon first meeting Bond, Camille assumes that he is Mr. Slate, a geologist working for Greene, who had offered to sell her classified information. After attempting to kill "Slate", she returns to Greene, intent on being introduced to Medrano, formerly head of the Bolivian Army. When Greene betrays Camille, Bond rescues her, and they team up to go after Greene and Medrano.
Bond leaves Camille for a short period of time after she is knocked unconscious during an intense boat chase in Haiti to follow Greene to Austria, tracking him to a performance of Tosca. Camille soon appears at Greene's formal fundraising party to ruin it. Greene attempts to push her from a balcony but, once again, Bond saves her life.
Bond intervenes and takes her away from Greene, using MI6 Agent Strawberry Fields as a distraction, to prevent Greene's associate from following Bond and Camille as they leave the party; this costs Fields her life. Camille watches Bond as he kills Bolivian police officers in cold blood as revenge for shooting his ally Rene Mathis.
Camille and Bond trace Greene and Medrano to a desert eco-hotel. While Bond goes to fight Greene and his men, Camille faces Medrano, who attempts to rape and kill her. Camille gets the upper hand, however, and kills the dictator with a single shot to the head. As the hotel collapses around them, Bond shields Camille from the fire, and helps her escape. Bond leaves Greene in the middle of the desert and drives Camille to take a train station so she can go back to her home. The two share a quick kiss, and Camille wishes Bond luck in conquering his personal demons.
Behind the scenes[edit]
Barbara Broccoli said that she intended for Camille to return for Skyfall or a future film.[2] The character did not appear in Skyfall, however.
According to Medrano in the film, her family name is Montes, but according to the video game it is Rivera. The game took its surname from an early draft of the script. However, one can see from the ID card Bond steals from her purse in the film that her full name is Camille Montes Rivero.[3]
References[edit]
1.Jump up ^ "The Secrets of Quantum of Solace". IGN. 2008-04-05. Archived from the original on 2008-04-10. Retrieved 2008-04-05.
2.Jump up ^ "Daniel To Do Third Bond". Heart 106.2. 2008-10-30. Archived from the original on 2011-06-16. Retrieved 2008-10-30.
3.Jump up ^ Fred Topel (2008-11-26). "Solace Game Differs From Film". SCI FI Wire. Retrieved 2008-11-26.[dead link]


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Vesper Lynd
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Vesper Lynd
Character from the James Bond series
Vesperlynd.jpeg
Eva Green as Vesper Lynd

Occupation
Double Agent
Affiliation
Novel:
MVD
MI6
Film:
HM Treasury
Quantum
Portrayed by
Ursula Andress (1967)
Eva Green (2006)
Role
Bond girl/Henchwoman
Vesper Lynd is a fictional character featured in Ian Fleming's James Bond novel "Casino Royale". In the 2006 adaptation, she is played by Eva Green.
In the novel, the character explains that she was born on a "dark and stormy" night, and her parents named her "Vesper" after the Latin word meaning evening (see vespers) to commemorate the night. Fleming created a cocktail recipe in the novel that Bond names after her. The "Vesper martini" became very popular after the novel's publication, and gave rise to the famous "shaken, not stirred" catchphrase immortalised in the Bond films. The actual name for the drink (as well as its complete recipe) is uttered on screen for the first time in the 2006 adaptation of Casino Royale.


Contents  [hide]
1 Novel biography
2 Film biography 2.1 1967
2.2 2006 and 2008
2.3 Related character
3 References

Novel biography[edit]
Vesper works at MI6 headquarters as personal assistant to Head of section S. She is loaned to Bond, much to his irritation, to assist him in his mission to bankrupt Le Chiffre, the paymaster of a SMERSH-controlled trade union. She poses as a radio seller working with Rene Mathis and later as Bond's companion to infiltrate the casino in Royale-les-Eaux, in which Le Chiffre frequently gambles. After Bond takes all of Le Chiffre's money in a high-stakes game of poker, Vesper is abducted by Le Chiffre's thugs, who also nab Bond when he tries to rescue her. Both are rescued after Le Chiffre is murdered by a SMERSH agent, but only after Bond has been tortured.
Vesper visits Bond every day in the hospital, and the two grow very close; much to his own surprise, Bond develops genuine feelings for her, and even dreams of leaving the service and marrying her. After he is released from the hospital, they go on a holiday together and eventually become lovers.
Vesper holds a terrible secret, however: She is a double agent working for MVD and only worked with Bond because she was under orders to see that he did not escape Le Chiffre. (Her kidnapping was staged in order to lure Bond into Le Chiffre's clutches.) Before she met Bond, she had been romantically involved with a Polish RAF operative. This man had been captured by SMERSH, and revealed information about Vesper under torture. Hence, SMERSH was using this operative to blackmail Vesper into helping them. After Le Chiffre's death, she is initially hopeful that she and Bond can start a new life but realises this is impossible when she notices a SMERSH operative, Gettler, tracking her and Bond's movements. Consumed with guilt and certain that SMERSH will find and kill both of them, she commits suicide, leaving a note admitting her treachery and pledging her love to Bond.
Bond copes with the loss by renouncing her as a traitor and going back to work as though nothing has happened. He phones his superiors and informs them of Vesper's treason and death, coldly saying "The bitch is dead."
Bond's feelings for Vesper are not totally extinguished; Fleming's tenth novel, On Her Majesty's Secret Service, reveals that he makes an annual pilgrimage to Royale-les-Eaux to visit her grave. In Diamonds Are Forever, Bond skips the song "La Vie En Rose" in Tiffany Case's hotel room "because it has memories for him"; this is a song closely associated with Vesper in Casino Royale. Furthermore, in the novel Goldfinger, when a drugged Bond believes that he has died and is preparing to enter heaven, he worries about how to introduce Tilly Masterton, whom he believes has died along with him, to Vesper.
In 1993, controversial journalist Donald McCormick claimed that Fleming based Vesper Lynd on the real life Special Operations Executive agent Krystyna Skarbek, but there is no credible evidence for the claim.[1]
Film biography[edit]
1967[edit]
Vesper Lynd, in the 1967 version of Casino Royale, was portrayed by Ursula Andress, who portrayed another Bond girl, Honey Ryder, in the 1962 film version of Dr. No.
In this version, which bore little resemblance to the novel, Vesper is depicted as a former secret agent who has since become a multi-millionaire with a penchant for wearing ridiculously extravagant outfits at her office ("because if I wore it in the street people might stare"). Bond (played by David Niven), now in the position of M at MI6, uses a discount for her past due taxes to bribe her into becoming another 007 agent, and to recruit baccarat expert Evelyn Tremble (Peter Sellers) into stopping Le Chiffre (played by Orson Welles).
Vesper and Tremble have an affair during which she eliminates an enemy agent sent to seduce Tremble ("Miss Goodthighs"). Ultimately, however, she betrays Tremble to Le Chiffre and SMERSH, declaring to Tremble, "Never trust a rich spy" before killing him with a machine gun hidden inside a bagpipe. Though her ultimate fate is not revealed in the film, in the closing credits she is shown as an angel playing a harp, showing her to be one of the "seven James Bonds at Casino Royale" killed by an atomic explosion.
2006 and 2008[edit]
In the 2006 film version of Casino Royale, Vesper Lynd is a foreign liaison agent from the HM Treasury's Financial Action Task Force assigned to make sure that Bond adequately manages the funds provided by MI6. However, she is secretly a double agent working for Quantum, the very terrorist organization MI6 is trying to stop. She is an unwilling traitor, however; she is only helping Quantum because they have taken her lover Yusef hostage and threatened to kill him if she does not cooperate.
Vesper is initially skeptical about Bond's ego and at first is unwilling to be his trophy at the poker tournament with Le Chiffre. She refuses to bankroll him after he goes bankrupt on an early hand. However, she assists Bond during his struggle with Steven Obanno, knocking away the gun from the latter. She afterwards retreats to the shower, feeling that she has blood on her hands from helping to kill Obanno. Bond kisses the "blood" off her hands to comfort her, and they return to the casino. Shortly afterwards she saves Bond's life. Poisoned by Le Chiffre's girlfriend, Valenka, Bond struggles unsuccessfully to connect a key wire to his automatic external defibrillator, but Vesper arrives and makes the proper connection, allowing the machine to revive him.
After Bond wins the tournament, Le Chiffre kidnaps Vesper, and Bond gives chase. They fall into Le Chiffre's trap, but both are saved by Quantum henchman Mr. White, who shoots and kills Le Chiffre for misappropriating his organisation's funds.
While both are in a hospital to recover from torture, Bond and Vesper fall deeply in love, and Bond plans to resign from the service in order to be with her. As in the novel, Bond and Vesper go on vacation to Venice, hoping to start a new life. Unknown to Bond, however, Vesper embezzles the money and delivers it to a group of Quantum henchmen. When Bond realizes what has happened and goes after Vesper, the thugs take her hostage and lock her in an elevator while they do battle with him. After several explosions, the flooded building sinks, but Vesper resigns herself to death and locks herself in, even as Bond frantically tries to open the elevator. In her final gesture, she kisses Bond's hands to clear him of guilt. Bond finally extricates her and tries to revive her using CPR, to no avail.
As in the novel, Bond copes with his lover's death by renouncing her, saying, "The job's done and the bitch is dead." M chastises him, assuming that Lynd had cut a deal with her blackmailers to spare him in return for the money, and states that "I'm sure she hoped they'd let her live. But she must have known she was going to her death." When Bond opens Vesper's mobile phone afterwards, he finds that she has left Mr. White's phone number, enabling Bond to track down and confront him at the movie's end.
In the 2008 film Quantum of Solace, Bond is seeking revenge for her death. At the start of the film, M tells Bond that he is too close to the mission to be objective, but Bond assures her that Vesper is no longer important to him. He takes Vesper's photograph and is encouraged by Mathis to "forgive her" and to "forgive [himself]". At the end of the film, it is revealed that Yusef is an agent working for Quantum, tasked with seducing high-ranking women in the world's intelligence agencies. He is then "kidnapped" by Quantum, and the women are forced to become double agents in the hope of securing his freedom. This information vindicates Vesper in Bond's eyes, making him finally see that her "betrayal" was not her fault. He doesn't kill Yusef, but leaves him to MI6 and congratulates M on the fact that she was right about Vesper. As he walks away, he drops Vesper's necklace in the snow.
Related character[edit]
The character of Vesper Lynd does not appear in the 1954 television adaptation of Casino Royale. Instead the character was replaced by a new character named Valerie Mathis, played by Linda Christian, who is depicted as an American. She also betrays Bond in the adaptation, but does not die.
References[edit]
1.Jump up ^ McCormick, Donald (1993). The Life of Ian Fleming. Peter Owen Publishers. p. 151.


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Wai Lin
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Wai Lin
Character from the James Bond series
Wai Lin Tomorrow Never Dies.jpg
Michelle Yeoh as Wai Lin in a promotional photo for Tomorrow Never Dies

Affiliation
Chinese Intelligence
Portrayed by
Michelle Yeoh
Role
Bond girl
Wai Lin (Chinese 林慧) is a fictional character in the 1997 James Bond film Tomorrow Never Dies, in which she was portrayed by Michelle Yeoh. The character has received critical acclaim, being widely regarded as one of the best "Bond girls" in the series.


Contents  [hide]
1 Appearances
2 Reception
3 References
4 External links

Appearances[edit]
Wai Lin is a spy for the Chinese People's External Security Force in the rank of colonel and skilled in martial arts. She first encounters Bond when she is sent (under the disguise as a Xinhua News Agency reporter) to investigate the disappearance of stealth material from a People's Liberation Army base that is connected to media mogul Elliot Carver's plan to start a war between the People's Republic of China and the United Kingdom. She later learns that Bond was sent by MI-6 to work on the same case. The two initially believe they have been ordered to kill each other, but eventually develop a wary mutual trust when they are both captured and imprisoned by Carver's secret partner, General Chang (who was in charge of the military base where the stolen stealth materials for Carver's stealth boat originated from). Bond especially grows to respect her when she playfully, but firmly, rejects his attempts at seduction. Carver brings them both aboard his private ship to gloat that he will control the world's media after he gets exclusive coverage rights to the impending war, which will begin when the ship launches missiles at a British craft. At the last minute, however, Wai breaks free and creates a distraction that allows Bond to disable the missiles, kill Carver, and escape with her as the ship self-destructs. She and Bond then give in to the mutual attraction they had both been fighting during the mission, and become lovers.
In the film's novelization by Raymond Benson, Wai Lin has an entire chapter devoted to introduce her character, detailing "her involvement with the Chinese People's External Security Force, her training, her skills, and many other facets of her life that made her a real person. Her relationship with Bond is also much more realistic."[1]
In the 1999 video game adaptation of the film, Wai Lin is both a playable (Mission 9: Market District, Saigon) and a non-playable character (Mission 10: Stealth Boat, Ha Long Bay).[2] A one/sixth scale action figure of her was released by Sideshow Collectibles in 2001.[3]
In early scripts for Die Another Day, Wai Lin was to make a return, aiding Bond in Hong Kong (if this had happened, Wai Lin would have been only the second Bond Girl in history to appear in two films). However, this idea fell through so Wai Lin was replaced by Chinese Intelligence agent Mr. Chang (played by Ho Yi) in the finished film.[4]
Reception[edit]
The character was very well received. After the film's release, Wai Lin proved so popular with fans and critics that MGM abortively considered developing a spin-off film based on her.[5]
LIFE named Wai Lin the 11th best Bond girl of all time.[6] In 2010, Entertainment Weekly ranked her as the seventh best Bond girl, calling this "savvy Chinese agent" one of the few "wom[e]n of color to match wits with 007" and "the first one you could take seriously."[7] In 2012, the International Business Times included Michelle Yeoh as Wai Lin among the top ten "most stunning" Bond girls of all time.[8] She was also included on the list of the 20 best Bond girls by Virgin Media, who called her "an equal match for Bond",[9] as well as on a similar list by 3MMM.[10]
MensXP.com ranked the "sexy and stern at the same time" Wai Lin as the seventh top Bond girl of all time;[11] Fandomania ranked her as the second best Bond girl, stating that she was "the right type of Bond Girl at the right point in action cinema’s evolution;"[12] and Rope of Silicon ranked her as 20th, calling her "fantastic" and opining Yeoh "will never be forgotten as a one-time Bond girl."[13] UGO.com noted that "Bond actually grows to respect the Chinese agent after she playfully but firmly spurns his romantic advances - one of the very few Bond Girls to pull that off!"[14]
References[edit]

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1.Jump up ^ Greg Goodman. "Tomorrow Never Dies Novelization @ Universal Exports, The Home of James Bond, 007". Universalexports.net. Retrieved 2013-09-16.
2.Jump up ^ "Tomorrow Never Dies (Video Game) – Characters –". Commanderbond.net. 2009-12-27. Retrieved 2013-09-16.
3.Jump up ^ "Wai Lin Sixth Scale Figure - Sideshow Collectibles - SideshowCollectibles.com". Sideshowtoy.com. 2008-08-12. Retrieved 2013-09-16.
4.Jump up ^ "James Bond 007 :: MI6 - The Home Of James Bond". Mi6-hq.com. 2003-05-01. Retrieved 2013-09-16.
5.Jump up ^ Greg Goodman (2004-03-15). "Editorials: My Two Cents on Bond Girls Rivaling Bond @ Universal Exports, The Home of James Bond, 007". Universalexports.net. Retrieved 2013-09-16.
6.Jump up ^ "The 20 Best Bond Girls - Photo Gallery - LIFE". Web.archive.org. Retrieved 2014-05-21.
7.Jump up ^ "The 10 Best Bond Girls". EW.com. Retrieved 2013-09-16.
8.Jump up ^ "Top Ten Most Stunning Bond Girls of All Time [PHOTOS]". Ibtimes.co.uk. 2012-06-05. Retrieved 2014-05-21.
9.Jump up ^ "Wai Lin - Tomorrow Never Dies (1997) - Best Bond girls - Pictures - Movies". Virgin Media. Retrieved 2013-09-16.
10.Jump up ^ "The Best Bond Girls Of All Time | Bad Medicine". Triple M. Retrieved 2013-09-16.
11.Jump up ^ "Top 10 most fabulous Bond girls of all time Photos | Pictures - Yahoo! Lifestyle India". In.lifestyle.yahoo.com. 2011-07-29. Retrieved 2013-09-16.
12.Jump up ^ "Tribute to 007 (Part One): The Top Ten Bond Girls". Fandomania. 2010-02-16. Retrieved 2013-09-16.
13.Jump up ^ "BOND GIRLS TOP 40: GIRLS 11-20". Rope of Silicon. Retrieved 2013-09-16.
14.Jump up ^ Cornelius, Ted (2008-10-15). "Wai Lin - Best Bond Girls". UGO.com. Retrieved 2013-09-16.
External links[edit]
Michelle Yeoh (Wai Lin) :: James Bond Girls :: MI6
James Bond multimedia | Michelle Yeoh (Wai Lin)


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Natalya Simonova
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Natalya Simonova
Character from the James Bond series
Natalya Simonova by Izabella Scorupco1.jpg
Affiliation
Russian Space Forces
Portrayed by
Izabella Scorupco, Kirsty Mitchell (2010 video game)
Role
Bond girl
Natalya Fyodorovna Simonova (Russian: Наталья Фёдоровна Симонова) is a fictional character and the main Bond girl in the James Bond film GoldenEye, played by actress Izabella Scorupco.


Contents  [hide]
1 Biography
2 Featured in
3 Reception
4 References
5 External links

Biography[edit]
Natalya Simonova works as a Level 2 programmer at the Severnaya facility of the Russian Space Forces, on work involving missile guidance systems. When the treasonous General Ouromov and Xenia Onatopp attack the station with a stolen Tiger helicopter, she is left the only survivor besides Boris Grishenko, who had allied himself with Ourumov and Alec Trevelyan, the plan's mastermind.
She attempts to find Boris, whom she believes to be innocent; he meets her in a cathedral and turns her over to Onatopp.
Simonova and Bond, who have both been captured by Trevelyan, are trapped in the stolen Tiger helicopter. The helicopter fires missiles at itself, but Bond is able to eject the two, who are subsequently arrested by the Russian government.
Ourumov sets Bond free to clear his own name of murder; Bond escapes, but loses Natalya in the process. He then rescues her from Ourumov and Trevelyan, and they become lovers. The two then follow Trevelyan to Cuba.
Finally, the two assault Trevelyan's satellite base, where Natalya is able to prevent the rogue satellite Mischa from sending an electromagnetic pulse to destroy London. Natalya breaks into the computer room and resets the satellite's course to cause a burn up over the Atlantic Ocean. She destroys the GoldenEye satellite and commandeers a helicopter to pick up Bond and herself by using the gun Bond gave her. Natalya saves Bond right after he defeats Trevelyan. She and Bond leave in the helicopter and get dropped off a distance away. Jack Wade was waiting for the two. He picks them up in the helicopter, ending the movie. In an early draft of the script for Tomorrow Never Dies, Bond mentioned to Wade that Natalya married a hockey player, a reference to Izabella Scorupco's real life marriage to Polish hockey player Mariusz Czerkawski.
Featured in[edit]
GoldenEye (1995)
GoldenEye 007 (1997) — video game
GoldenEye 007 (2010) — video game
Reception[edit]
[icon] This section requires expansion. (July 2012)
IGN ranked Natalya as the 7th best Bond girl saying "she was exactly what the franchise needed to get back on top after a lengthy time away from the big screen".[1] All Women Stalk rank her as the 25th sexiest Bond girl.[2]
When addressing the video game version of Natalya, Cracked.com rated her 10th on their The 15 Most Annoying Video Game Characters (From Otherwise Great Games)[3] stating: "If James Bond is licensed to kill, Natalya must be licensed to die. She, like the aforementioned Ashley Graham, was born with a rare genetic disorder that disables her instinct for self-preservation."
References[edit]
1.Jump up ^ var authorId = "" by Dave Zdyrko. "Top 10 Bond Babes - Stars Feature at IGN". Stars.ign.com. Retrieved 2012-07-06.
2.Jump up ^ "25. Izabella Scorupco as Natalya Simonova - The 26 Sexiest Bond Girls…". All Women Stalk. Retrieved 2012-07-06.
3.Jump up ^ Wong, David (2008-02-19). "The 15 Most Annoying Video Game Characters (From Otherwise Great Games)". Cracked.com. Retrieved 2012-07-06.
External links[edit]
Izabella Scorupco at the Internet Movie Database
GoldenEye (1995) at the Internet Movie Database


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Stacey Sutton
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Stacey Sutton
Character from the James Bond series
Stacey Sutton by Tanya Roberts.jpg
Affiliation
State of California
 Self Employed (Owner of Sutton Oil)
Portrayed by
Tanya Roberts
Role
Bond girl
Stacey Sutton is a fictional character in the James Bond film A View to a Kill. She is played by actress Tanya Roberts.


Contents  [hide]
1 Biography
2 Reception
3 References
4 External links

Biography[edit]
Sutton was the granddaughter of an oil tycoon in California, who had passed the oil business onto his son. As the only child and heir apparent to the family business, Stacey majored in earth science in college. However, her father died shortly thereafter and Sutton Oil was taken over by billionaire Max Zorin, who gave Sutton a cheque for $5,000,000 for her shares in the company, although she never cashed it. Stacey lives on the estate her grandfather left for her – Dunsmuir House. Because of her protracted legal battles with Zorin she has sold much of the house's furnishings.
She first appears at Max Zorin's mansion near Paris, where he is holding a high prestige horse sale. They are there for completely different reasons, but meet after Bond suspects foul play when he eavesdrops on Zorin writing her a cheque for $5million.
After losing the company to Zorin, she got a job as a geologist for the state of California and worked at San Francisco City Hall. James Bond eventually discovered that Zorin was pumping sea water into oil wells to flood the Hayward and San Andreas faults in order to create a double earthquake that would submerge Silicon Valley.
Sutton and Bond are in San Francisco City Hall when they are cornered by Zorin and Mayday, who set fire to the building after killing an official and chased Sutton and Bond into a lift, dropping a petrol bomb on it after causing it to malfunction. However, Sutton and Bond manage to escape the burning building down the ladder of a fire engine, with Sutton driving Bond away from police officers who suspected him of killing the official – just as Zorin had wanted.
He and Sutton then teamed up to stop Zorin from destroying Silicon Valley. When Bond and Sutton arrive at Zorin's mines, Zorin detonates the mine with the first set of explosive; thus causing a big flood. In the meantime, Zorin's former girlfriend Mayday changes sides and helps Bond remove the detonators for the second explosion, moving it clear of the mines just in time before it explodes and kills her under the eyes of Zorin.
Sutton luckily avoids the explosion, only to be snatched by a furious Max Zorin on his airship. Bond, however, grabs a manrope and clings on to it as the airship heads for the Golden Gate Bridge. Zorin attempts to kill Bond by flying into the Golden Gate Bridge, but he managed to moor the manrope to the bridge's framework and halt it. During the final battle (after Zorin has fallen to his death), Sutton knocks out Scarpine and takes care of Hans Glaub on one of Zorin's blimps. Sutton reunites with Bond after Bond knocked Zorin off the Golden Gate Bridge. Glaub attempts to avenge Zorin's death by trying to elimininating the two with a stick of dynamite, but Glaub brandishes it rather than hurling it at Bond, causing Scarpine to wrestle with Glaub in an attempt to grab the dynamite stick in order to dispose of it. See the two villains distracted by the inflighting, Bond traps the pair when he cuts the ropes and the dynamite explodes inside the airship, which grounds the airship, killing both Scarpine and Glaub. Stacey and Bond are safe, and with Zorin dead she has regained control of Sutton Oil.
Stacey and Bond are found personally by MI6 in the shower kissing at her house. Although Bond is believed to have perished in the fight with Zorin, Q finds the two lovers using a remote-controlled robot camera. Q reports to his superiors that 007 is alive, then decides to leave them alone after Bond throws a towel over the camera.
The film ends with Stacey saying "Oh James..." as they proceed to kiss and then they sink below the steam until they are out of sight.
Reception[edit]
[icon] This section requires expansion. (July 2012)
In 2006 Entertainment Weekly ranked Sutton as the second worst Bond girl.[1] Dose ranks her as the sixth best bond girl.[2]
References[edit]
1.Jump up ^ Rich, Joshua (10 November 2006). "The 10 Worst Bond Girls". Entertainment Weekly. Retrieved 27 July 2009.
2.Jump up ^ "Tanya Roberts as Stacey Sutton, A View to a Kill (1985) – Top 10 Bond Girls, DOSE.CA".
External links[edit]
Stacey Sutton at the Internet Movie Database
Stacey Sutton at James Bond Multimedia
Stacey Sutton at MI6-HQ.COM


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Judy Havelock
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 This article needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. (July 2012)

Judy/Melina Havelock
Character from the James Bond series
Melina Havelock by Carole Bouquet.jpg
Affiliation
None
Relatives
Timothy Havelock (father, deceased)
 Iona Havelock (mother, deceased)
Portrayed by
Carole Bouquet
Role
Bond girl
Judy Havelock is a fictional character in the James Bond short story "For Your Eyes Only" that is included in the eponymous anthology written by Ian Fleming.
Havelock was featured in the 1981 film adaptation of the story, but her name was changed to Melina Havelock. She was played by French actress Carole Bouquet.


Contents  [hide]
1 Short story biography
2 Film biography
3 Reception
4 References

Short story biography[edit]
Judy Havelock is the daughter of Colonel Timothy Havelock (Ret.) and Mrs. Havelock, who are assassinated at the behest of Herr von Hammerstein by Major Gonzales because they refused to sell their Jamaican property. M, a family friend, asks Bond to go to Vermont where von Hammerstein and his men are hiding. There, Bond runs into Judy Havelock, who is there to personally kill von Hammerstein. Armed with a crossbow, Judy kills von Hammerstein from 100 yards by shooting him in the back at the exact moment he dives into a pool.
Film biography[edit]
In the film, Melina Havelock is half Greek, half English. She is the only daughter of Iona and Sir Timothy Havelock, two marine salvage operators who do contract work for the British Secret Service. Their mission takes them to the coast of Greece to look for a sunken British spy ship that holds a piece of equipment known as ATAC (Automatic Targeting and Attack Communicator). Melina comes to visit them, transported via seaplane by Hector Gonzalez, secretly a Cuban hitman. She is witness to her parents' brutal assassination by Gonzales, who shoots them dead on their yacht from the air with his aircraft's mounted machine gun. Melina survives unscathed, however, as she had gone inside their boat to put away her bags just as the assassin attacked.
Swearing revenge, Melina tracks Gonzales down to a villa outside of Madrid with the help of a private detective agency. There, she assassinates Gonzales by shooting him with a crossbow as he is diving into his swimming pool. James Bond was there too for his investigation into Havelock's murder but he was captured by Gonzalez's henchmen and the moment Gonzalez is killed he escapes. Melina sees Gonzalez' henchmen pursuing James Bond and she decides to save him. Together, James and Melina try to escape from Gonzalez' henchmen, but Bond's car, a Lotus Esprit, exploded when the villains attempted to break into it, so Melina takes him to her 2CV hire car and they escape together.
Having seen a man (Emile Locque) paying Gonzales, she vows her quest for vengeance must go on, though Bond tries to warn her off.
Melina finds trouble again in Cortina d'Ampezzo, when she was tricked into meeting Bond. Two of Aristotle Kristatos' henchmen then attempt to run her over with motorcycles, only for Bond to knock one over with a piece of road traffic equipment and send another catapulting to his death through a shop window. At this stage, however, neither of them were aware that Kristatos was a villain; he had led them into to thinking that he was on their side and that Emile Locque was in the pay of Milos Columbo.
Bond convinces Melina to go back to Greece and let him investigate. She agrees to do so, but not for long. Later they both team up to locate the sunken British spy ship, recover the ATAC, and eliminate Kristatos, who had previously employed Gonzales to kill the Havelocks for him. Bond and Melina are aided in their mission by Milos Columbo, a Greek smuggler who was set up by Kristatos because he knew too much about Kristatos' KGB leanings, and because they were rival smugglers.
After finally catching Kristatos (who had unsuccessfully tried to kill both her and Bond by tying them by rope to the back of her boat, which they had hijacked, and riding it through rocky and shark infested waters), Melina insists on killing him, but Bond tries to stop her, telling her that she would be no better than Kristatos if she killed him. The decision proved irrelevant, however, as Kristatos was knifed to death by Columbo while reaching for a concealed knife. After that, Bond and Melina are back on the Havelock's family boat, where they go skinny dipping. Meanwhile, Melina's pet parrot is in a telephone "conversation" with prime minister Margaret Thatcher (Janet Brown), who mistakenly believes she is talking to Bond.[1]
Reception[edit]
[icon] This section requires expansion. (July 2012)
Chris Nashawaty ranks her as the worst love interest of the Roger Moore James Bond films.[2] Entertainment Weekly, however, ranks her as the tenth best Bond girl in the entire series.[3]
References[edit]
1.Jump up ^ "James Bond multimedia , Carole Bouquet (Melina Havelock)". Jamesbondmm.co.uk. 18 August 1957. Retrieved 4 June 2011.
2.Jump up ^ Chris Nashawaty, "Moore...And Sometimes Less: A look at the most—and least—memorable bad guys, babes, and Bonds in Roger Moore's 007 oeuvre," Entertainment Weekly 1025 (12 December 2008): 37.
3.Jump up ^ "The 10 Best Bond Girls". Entertainment Weekly. Retrieved 4 June 2011.


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Anya Amasova
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Anya Amasova
Character from the James Bond series
Anya Amasova played by Barbara Bach.jpg
Affiliation
KGB (film)
SMERSH (novelisation)
Portrayed by
Barbara Bach
Role
Bond girl
Major Anya Amasova (aka Agent XXX) is a fictional character in the James Bond film The Spy Who Loved Me, portrayed by Barbara Bach. In the film, Amasova is an agent of the KGB.


Contents  [hide]
1 Biography
2 Reception
3 Critical Studies
4 References

Biography[edit]
After the theft of a submarine, M recalls Bond from a mission where he is currently in a cabin located in Austria (in the novelisation, on the top of Aiguille du Mort, a mountain near the town of Chamonix). While leaving Bond is ambushed by a Russian team, but is able to kill one of them in self-defense prior to parachuting off the mountain. Unbeknownst to Bond, the agent he killed is Amasova's lover Sergei Barsov. She has also been recalled from a mission by General Gogol of the KGB.
Anya meets Bond during a show at the Pyramids in Egypt, where her thugs fight with Bond when she believes he has killed Fekkesh, an Egyptian contact whose body has been found in one of the pyramids. The real killer was Jaws.
However, they become formally introduced to one another in Cairo when they both arrive at Max Kalba's club. After spouting various biographical details to each other (for example, Anya is aware of Bond's doomed marriage), they attempt to outbid one another for a secret microfilm. When Kalba is killed by Jaws, they travel across Egypt tracking the microfilm. After Anya ultimately outwits Bond for the microfilm (but Bond had reviewed it), they report to the Abu Simbel temple where Gogol and M have decided to work together to find out how and why their submarines are being stolen while at sea.
For most of the film Bond and Anya have the same mission objectives and try to achieve the same goals often by attempting to outdo one another, during which they fall in love. While travelling to Sardinia by train they share a meal together and while Anya is preparing for bed in her carriage, having politely declined Bond's offer of a nightcap, she is attacked by Jaws. Bond hears the sounds of a struggle over the noise of the train and arrives just in time to save her from being killed. After a brief fight Jaws is despatched out of a window and Bond returns to Anya, who tends to a cut on his shoulder before they kiss and ultimately spend the night together. On Sardinia Anya accompanies Bond to meet Karl Stromberg posing as his wife. Afterwards Anya learns that 007 killed her lover. She then tells Bond that she will ultimately have revenge once their mission is complete.
Anya is later captured by Stromberg and held captive at Atlantis, Stromberg's undersea base. Bond sneaks aboard and rescues her. As the mission reaches its end, she points her gun at Bond, only to discover that she is too in love with him to kill him.
Anya (pointing gun at Bond), tells him: "The mission is over, Commander". At that moment, as Anya is tightening her finger on the trigger, the cork pops off of a champagne bottle that Bond is in the process of opening. Anya smiles, stifling a giggle, and Bond says "In my country, Major, the condemned man is usually allowed a final request" to which she says "Granted". Bond then suggests that they get out of their wet clothes.
When the escape pod with James and Anya goes into the ship Bond saved from Stromberg's 'instruments of Armageddon', Q, M, and Anya's superiors from Russia look inside a window at James and Anya making love in the luxury bed in awe. "James!" Anya says as she's the first one in the pod to see the duo's superiors.
It was planned to have Amasova make a cameo in Moonraker (which was released in 1979), as the woman in bed with General Gogol, but this never happened.
Reception[edit]
[icon] This section requires expansion. (July 2012)
Entertainment Weekly ranks Amasova as the fifth best Bond girl.[1] Fandango ranks her as part of their best Bond Girls.[2] All Women Stalk named her as the fourth sexiest Bond girl.[3] About.com ranked Amasova as number seven in their list of best Bond girls.[4] Bond-Girls.net called Amasova "one of the sexiest and most beautiful Bond-Girls...a brand-new type of Bond-Girl".[5]
Critical Studies[edit]
In Shaken & Stirred: The Feminism of James Bond, scholar Robert A. Caplen argues that Anya's character "is groundbreaking within the Bond Girl paradigm" because she is "imbued with a plausibility that surpasses her predecessors . . . ."[6] Nevertheless, Caplen observes that Anya's "significant moments of independence and assertiveness are tempered by the constraints inherent in the successful Bondian formula . . . ."[7]
References[edit]
1.Jump up ^ The 10 Best Bond Girls The 10 Best Bond Girls
2.Jump up ^ Morgan, Kim. "The Top 10 Bond Girls". Fandango.com. Archived from the original on 15 June 2011. Retrieved 4 June 2011.
3.Jump up ^ "The 26 Sexiest Bond Girls…". Allwomenstalk.com. 22 April 2011. Archived from the original on 7 July 2011. Retrieved 4 June 2011.
4.Jump up ^ "Top 10 Bond Girls – The Best Bond Girls in James Bond Movies". Movies.about.com. Archived from the original on 7 June 2011. Retrieved 4 June 2011.
5.Jump up ^ James Bond. "006 Bond Girls – Barbara Bach is Major Anya Amasova in The Spy Who Loved Me". Bond-girls.net. Retrieved 4 June 2011.
6.Jump up ^ Caplen, Robert A., Shaken & Stirred: The Feminism of James Bond (2012), pp. 309.
7.Jump up ^ Caplen, Robert A., Shaken & Stirred: The Feminism of James Bond (2012), pp. 309.


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Tiffany Case
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Tiffany Case
Character from the James Bond series
Tiffany Case 1.jpg
Affiliation
The Spangled Mob (novel)
SPECTRE (unknowing) (film)
Portrayed by
Jill St. John
Role
Bond girl, Henchman
Tiffany Case is a fictional character in the James Bond novel and film Diamonds Are Forever. For the 1971 film she was portrayed by Jill St. John. In the film it is stated that she was named after her (accidental) birthplace, Tiffany & Co., where her parents were going through a choice of wedding bands, to which Bond dryly jokes that she was lucky that it hadn't happened at Van Cleef & Arpels.[1]


Contents  [hide]
1 The novel
2 The film
3 Reception
4 References

The novel[edit]
In Ian Fleming's novel, she is an American diamond smuggler working as a fence for The Spangled Mob, a ruthless American gang that is smuggling diamonds from Africa through an international pipeline. Bond contacts her in London posing as petty crook Peter Franks, using her professionally as a gateway into the pipeline even as he develops a personal interest in her.[2] Felix Leiter, familiar with Tiffany's background, acquaints Bond with the fact that she was gang-raped as a teenager and, as a result, has developed a hatred of men.[3] She is nevertheless attracted to Bond, and the two ultimately become lovers.
Tiffany turns against her former partners, and helps Bond escape from their clutches. In the novel, she is later kidnapped by Wint & Kidd on the Queen Elizabeth, but she is in turn rescued by Bond.
After this adventure, the two briefly live together, but, like many of Bond's women, she is out of his life by the next novel, From Russia With Love. In this novel, Fleming writes that Tiffany found Bond too difficult to live with and returned to the United States with an American military officer, apparently intending to marry him.[4]
The film[edit]
The 1971 film adaptation of Diamonds are Forever substantially revised the plot and, with it, Tiffany's character. In the film, she is a small-time smuggler unwittingly working for Bond's nemesis Ernst Stavro Blofeld and his terrorist organisation, SPECTRE. Posing as gangster Peter Franks, Bond arranges a partnership with her, but this time it is to investigate her role in Blofeld's latest criminal scheme. She initially believes that she and "Franks" are going to make millions, but gets caught up in much more than she bargained for when the real Peter Franks arrives on her doorstep. From the moment she and Bond find Plenty O'Toole soaking in Tiffany's swimming pool, drowned mistakenly instead of her, Tiffany helps Bond follow the path of the smuggled diamonds until the trail leads to Blofeld.
By the end of the film, Tiffany has helped Bond defeat Blofeld, and the two go on a romantic cruise together. They are briefly interrupted by an assassination attempt by Blofeld's henchmen, Mr. Wint & Mr. Kidd, but Bond foils it, and the two sail off into the sunset.
In an attempt to leave Las Vegas with the diamonds, Tiffany hires a red Ford Mustang Mach 1, which is later driven by Bond.[5]
Reception[edit]
Wiki letter w.svg This section is empty. You can help by adding to it. (August 2012)
References[edit]
1.Jump up ^ MI6 :: Diamonds Are Forever (1971) :: James Bond 007
2.Jump up ^ Fleming, Ian (1956). "chs. 5, 9". Diamonds Are Forever. MacMillan.
3.Jump up ^ Fleming, Ian (1956). "ch. 8". Diamonds Are Forever. MacMillan.
4.Jump up ^ Fleming, Ian (1957). "ch. 11, 12". From Russia, With Love. MacMillan.
5.Jump up ^ James Bond multimedia | Ford Mustang Mach 1


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Tracy Bond
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Tracy Bond
Character from the James Bond series
Contessa Teresa di Vicenzo by Diana Rigg.jpg
Occupation
Countess
Relatives
Marc-Ange Draco (father)
James Bond (husband)
 Count Giulio di Vicenzo (ex-husband, deceased)
 Unnamed daughter (deceased)
Portrayed by
Diana Rigg
Role
Bond girl
Teresa "Tracy" Bond (born Teresa "Tracy" Draco, and also known as the Contessa Teresa di Vicenzo) is a fictional character and the main Bond girl in the James Bond film and novel On Her Majesty's Secret Service, the only Bond girl to actually marry 007. In the film version of On Her Majesty's Secret Service, Tracy was played by actress Diana Rigg.
Biography[edit]
Born Teresa Draco in 1943, she is the only child of Marc-Ange Draco, the head of the Union Corse, a powerful Corsican crime syndicate – not quite as large as SPECTRE, but with substantially larger "legal" operations, including Draco Construction. Teresa goes by "Tracy" because she feels "Teresa" does not suit her (as she introduced herself to Bond, "Teresa is a saint; I'm known as Tracy").
Tracy's mother died in 1955; her father then sent her to a boarding school in Switzerland. Deprived of a stable home life, Tracy joined the "international fast set", committing "one scandal after another"; when Draco cut off her allowance, Tracy committed "a greater folly" out of spite. She later married Italian Count Giulio di Vicenzo who, during their marriage, got hold of a large portion of her money before eventually leaving her; he subsequently died while driving a Maserati in the company of one of his mistresses. During this marriage, Tracy had a child, who later died of spinal meningitis.



 Mr. and Mrs. Bond.
Desperate with grief for her child, Tracy attempted suicide by walking into the sea in Portugal, only to be saved by James Bond.[1]
When her father meets Bond, he pleads with Bond to continue to see her, claiming that their relationship had changed her for the better. Bond initially refuses, but he changes his mind when Marc-Ange offers his resources for anything Bond desires. Since the events of Thunderball and the demise of SPECTRE, Bond had been hunting for Ernst Stavro Blofeld, and at one point was willing to retire from MI6 because he felt the hunt was folly and that his services and abilities could be used better. Using Draco's resources, however, Bond is able to track Blofeld to Switzerland. In return, Bond continues to see Tracy and eventually falls in love with her. Tragedy strikes on their wedding day, however, when Blofeld and his henchwoman Irma Bunt shoot at Bond and Tracy in a drive-by shooting. Tracy is shot in the head and killed.
In the film, Tracy drives a red 1969 model Mercury Cougar XR-7 convertible.[2]
Legacy[edit]
In Fleming's novels, Bond is a broken man after Tracy's death. In You Only Live Twice, he has begun drinking heavily, is compromised in his abilities as an agent and M is forced to acknowledge that he is no longer fit for service. However he decides to give Bond one last chance and assigns him to an intelligence-related diplomatic affair in Japan. This in turn leads to a duel to the death with Blofeld in the climax of the novel, and Bond is finally awarded his revenge. In the aftermath, however, he is left with amnesia.
In the films, James Bond is tracking Blofeld in the pre-title credits sequence of Diamonds Are Forever. The film does not explain why nor does it mention Tracy. Originally, it had been planned that On Her Majesty's Secret Service would end with Bond and Tracy driving away from their wedding. The scenes where she was shot were filmed at the same time with the intention that they would form the pre-title sequence of Diamonds Are Forever. This was rendered inviable when George Lazenby left the role, as it would have meant either having two actors play Bond in Diamonds Are Forever or re-filming Tracy's death with the new actor as Bond, so the scenes were added to the end of On Her Majesty's Secret Service.[citation needed]
Subsequent films reference the fact that Bond was previously married, but only fleetingly:
In The Spy Who Loved Me, when Bond meets Anya Amasova in the Mujaba Club bar, in Cairo, Egypt, she recites a few facts about his life to prove that she had researched him. She mentions facts about his career and his relationships, noting that he had "...many lady friends, but married only once. Wife killed..." at which point Bond immediately cut her off, snapping "You've made your point." Anya comments that he's surprisingly sensitive, to which Bond responds, "About certain things."



 The tombstone of James Bond's wife, Teresa, which Bond visits in For Your Eyes Only. Shown at a James Bond convention in 1992.In For Your Eyes Only, in the pre-titles sequence, Bond lays flowers at Tracy's grave (in an English churchyard) before boarding a helicopter. An uncredited man in a wheelchair who strokes a white cat - we are meant to assume this is Blofeld - has booby-trapped the helicopter. Bond lifts the man's wheelchair with one of the helicopter's skids and drops him (wheelchair and all) down a tall industrial chimney. The headstone clearly reads: "TERESA BOND, 1943–1969, Beloved Wife of JAMES BOND, We have all the time in the World" – referring to the final words in On Her Majesty's Secret Service and the Louis Armstrong song.
In Licence to Kill, after Felix Leiter's wedding, Felix's new wife Della throws her garter at Bond, teasing him, "the one who catches this is the next one to..." Bond looks visibly pained; when Della asks Felix about it, Felix makes a short, sad reference to Bond once having been married, "but that was a long time ago."
In GoldenEye, Alec Trevelyan tells Bond, "I might as well ask you if all those vodka martinis ever silence the screams of all the men you've killed... or if you find forgiveness in the arms of all those willing women for all the dead ones you failed to protect."
In The World is Not Enough, after Bond meets Elektra King, they talk about her father's death, and she asks Bond if he has ever lost a loved one. Bond hesitates, then changes the subject without answering.
References[edit]
1.Jump up ^ "MI6 :: The Home Of James Bond 007". Web.archive.org. 15 January 2006.
2.Jump up ^ "1969 Mercury Cougar XR-7 in "On Her Majesty's Secret Service, 1969"". IMCDb.org. Retrieved 8 November 2011.


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Kissy Suzuki
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Kissy Suzuki
Character from the James Bond series
Kissy Suzuki.jpg
Occupation
Secret agent
Affiliation
Japanese Secret Service
Relatives
James Suzuki (son)
Portrayed by
Mie Hama
Kissy Suzuki is a fictional character introduced in Ian Fleming's 1964 James Bond novel, You Only Live Twice. Despite Bond's womanizing, Kissy Suzuki (at least the literary version) remains the only character known to the reader who bears a child by him. She is also one of the few known Bond girls (also in literature) to have died as a result of a non-violent, natural death. The treatment of Kissy varies greatly between the novel and the film, where she is never identified by her name, no family name appears in the closing credits, and the film ends in the usual Bond-style happy ending.


Contents  [hide]
1 Novel version
2 Film version
3 Cultural impact
4 See also
5 References
6 External links

Novel version[edit]
In the book, Kissy is an Ama diver and former Hollywood actress. She is distantly related to an agent of Tiger Tanaka, head of the Japanese Secret Service and is, therefore, asked to assist Bond. Bond stays with Kissy's family on an island near the castle, where Ernst Stavro Blofeld maintains a "suicide garden" where people come to die (and are killed by the "gardeners" if they change their mind), and Bond is seeking revenge for the murder of his wife at the conclusion of the previous novel, On Her Majesty's Secret Service. Bond enters the castle alone and succeeds in killing Blofeld and then destroying the castle.
Bond then sustains amnesia in the aftermath of his attack with Blofeld and is believed dead by his superiors; in reality, he comes to believe he is a fisherman and lives with Kissy for several months. Kissy deciding that she will not stop him if he decides to pursue his true identity but will encourage the cover story that allowed him to stay with her until something else happens. When Bond decides to leave for Russia, believing the answers to his identity are there, Kissy does not follow; unknown to Bond, she is pregnant with his child.
Kissy Suzuki does not appear again in the Bond canon, and Bond's child does not appear until "Blast From the Past", a short story published in 1996 by Raymond Benson as a direct sequel to You Only Live Twice. By the time of this story, Kissy is now dead, having died from ovarian cancer a few years before the story's timeline. Bond learns that she bore him a son, James Suzuki.
Film version[edit]
In the 1967 film adaptation, Kissy is one of the ninja agents working for Tanaka, assigned to partner Bond after the death of Aki. She "marries" Bond in a mock wedding ceremony as James goes undercover, posing as a Japanese fisherman. Bond and Kissy eventually find Blofeld's secret base, hidden within a volcano and Kissy is sent to alert Tanaka. While swimming to her destination, she is pursued and fired upon by a SPECTRE helicopter, but her experience as a pearl diver enables her to dive underwater and stay there long enough to convince her pursuers that she drowned. After alerting Tanaka, she joins the raid that manages to foil Blofeld's scheme, thereby averting the outbreak of World War III.[1]
In the movie, Kissy is played by Mie Hama. She was originally cast to be played by Akiko Wakabayashi; however, Hama had trouble learning English for the much bigger role of Aki, so the two decided to swap their roles. When Hama became ill during shooting, Sean Connery's wife Diane Cilento doubled for her in the swimming sequence.[2] Her lines were dubbed by Nikki van der Zyl.[3]
Cultural impact[edit]
A limited number of Kissy Suzuki dolls were produced in 1967; today, these dolls are valuable on the collector market.[2] Mie Hama also appeared in Playboy magazine in a 1967 nude pictorial "007's Oriental Eyefuls" as the first Asian woman to appear in the magazine,[4] a source of controversy in Japan.[5] Pajiba included Hama on the list of the 15 most embarrassing post-Bond roles for Bond Girls at number seven for King Kong Escapes.[6]
UGO.com offered a mixed review of the character: "Although Mie Hama is attractive in her bikini, this also looks extremely out of place. Similarly inconsistent is her acting, which is charming but forgettable."[7] In another article, UGO called her "sexy yet cute-as-a-kimono."[1] A 200 retrospective CBS featurette called her "stunning", ranking her as the 23rd best Bond girl.[8] She also placed 18th on the list of the Best Bond girls by LIFE,[4] while Fandango ranked her as 23rd.[5] Yahoo! Movies had her name included in the 2012 list of the best Bond girl names.[9]
See also[edit]
Aki (James Bond)
References[edit]
1.^ Jump up to: a b Cornelius, Ted (2008-10-15). "Kissy Suzuki - Best Bond Girls". UGO.com. Retrieved 2013-08-10.
2.^ Jump up to: a b Mie Hama (Kissy Suzuki) - Girls :: MI6 :: The Home Of James Bond 007
3.Jump up ^ Wright, Stephen; Ellicott, Claire (2012-09-21). "Bond's secret girl: Unknown artist dubbed the voices of 007's best-known beauties - but know she's banned from the movies spy's 50th birthday party! | Mail Online". London: Dailymail.co.uk. Retrieved 2013-08-10.
4.^ Jump up to: a b "18. Kissy Suzuki (Mie Hama) - 'You Only Live Twice' - The 20 Best Bond Girls - Photo Gallery". LIFE. Retrieved 2013-08-10.
5.^ Jump up to: a b "Top 40 Countdown: The Hottest Bond Girls - Photos - 23. Mie Hama". Fandango.com. Retrieved 2013-08-10.
6.Jump up ^ Kurp, Josh (2012-09-13). "The 15 Most Embarrassing Post-Bond Roles For Bond Girls". Pajiba.com. Retrieved 2013-08-10.
7.Jump up ^ Mie Hama- Kissy Suzuki | Bond Girls | UGO's World of James Bond[dead link]
8.Jump up ^ "Bond Girls Interactive Timeline". CBS News. Retrieved 2013-08-10.[dead link]
9.Jump up ^ Parfitt, Orlando (2012-09-24). "James Bond at 50: the best Bond Girl names | Movie Editor's Blog - Yahoo! Movies UK". Uk.movies.yahoo.com. Retrieved 2013-08-10.
External links[edit]
Kissy Suzuki (Character) at the Internet Movie Database
KISSY SUZUKI - Bond Girls: Declassified at Yahoo!
James Bond multimedia | Mie Hama (Kissy Suzuki)
Kissy Suzuki - James Bond Wiki


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Aki (James Bond)
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Aki
Character from the James Bond series
Akiko wakabayashi.jpg
Occupation
Secret agent
Affiliation
Japanese Secret Service
Portrayed by
Akiko Wakabayashi
Aki is a fictional character created for the 1967 James Bond film You Only Live Twice. In it, Aki, played by Akiko Wakabayashi, is a young female ninja agent with the fictional Japanese government agency Secret Intelligence Service (SIS). She aids James Bond against the SPECTRE in Japan until she is killed by an assassin who is trying to kill Bond, upon which she is replaced by her fellow agent Kissy Suzuki. Critical reception of the character was generally very positive.


Contents  [hide]
1 Creation
2 In the film
3 Reception
4 References
5 External links

Creation[edit]
Aki does not appear in Ian Fleming's 1964 novel. She was originally named Suki in Roald Dahl's screenplay. According to The James Bond Films, the character was "Dahl's tribute to the Japanese woman of the Sixties".[1] Mie Hama was cast to play Suki, but she had trouble learning English; to solve the problem, she and Akiko Wakabayashi, originally cast to play the part of almost-silent Kissy Suzuki, decided to swap their respective roles. Wakabayashi then convinced director Lewis Gilbert to change the name of her character to Aki.[2][3]
In the film[edit]
By the time of the events of You Only Live Twice, Aki is already experienced enough to fulfill her mission correctly and is one of the top agents in the SIS, displayed by the fact that she was entrusted to participate in what was to be her most important and ultimately her last mission. Aside from this, not much is known about her background before the mission, or about her family or personal life.

A roadster with headlights retracted and a smooth, moulded design.

 Aki's Toyota 2000GT Open-Top on display in Toyota museum. It was ranked as the seventh best car in the James Bond series by Complex in 2011.[4]
Like all the other operatives, Aki is an accomplished ninja and an expert driver who often uses her skills at driving her white Toyota 2000GT sports car equipped with several high-tech communication devices.[4] Through the film Aki displayed an affinity for wearing traditional Japanese garments and is seen in several different kimono clothes with her hair arranged in traditional Japanese styles. She is, however, occasionally seen in more practical western-style outfits with simpler hair arrangements when her mission requires. Despite her seemingly genteel manner, Aki can be professional when she needs to be and maintains a high standard of physical fitness, displayed by her ability to survive her missions and avoid capture. She also showed immense courage, risking death several times during the mission and maintains a feeling of loyalty towards others in her missions, particularly James Bond, with whom she spends at least two passionate nights.[5]
Aki is first seen when 007 meets her at a sumo wrestling show. Bond is there to meet a contact who will take him to Mr. Henderson, M's recommended contact in Japan. He confirms that Aki is his contact by saying the code words "I love you" to her. Aki takes Bond to meet Henderson in her car. After Henderson is killed during their meeting, Bond attacks and kills one of Henderson's killers. Taking the man's place, he is driven to the Osato Chemical Works HQ, where he is discovered by the villains. Aki rescues him, using her skills as a driver, then takes him to meet her boss, Tiger Tanaka. It is after this that a bikini-clad Aki invites Bond to spend the night with her, famously[6][7] saying "I think I will enjoy very much serving under you", before Bond carries her to bed.
The next morning, Bond returns to the Osato Chemical Works and meets Blofeld's henchman Mr. Osato. Leaving after the meeting, he is pursued by SPECTRE gunmen, from whom Aki rescues him again. The gunmen chase Aki's car and she leads them out into the countryside, where a SIS helicopter lifts the gunmen's car off the road with a giant magnet and drops it into the sea (in 2012, Complex ranked it as the sixth best James Bond chase scene[8]). She then takes him to a quayside to investigate a ship he suspects is being used by the villains. When investigating the ship Bond and Aki are attacked by SPECTRE henchmen. Bond tells her to leave and report to Tanaka; Aki refuses to leave Bond at first, but eventually complies.
Aki next appears after Bond is captured and almost killed by Helga Brandt, when she meets with him back at Tanaka's headquarters, when Bond is about to go on another mission that she cannot accompany him on. By the time Bond returned to the base in Kyoto, Aki was already fully briefed on the plan to disrupt SPECTRE's plot and she too would be part of Tanaka's ninja force, although (much to her disappointment) she could not play the part of Bond's "wife" in the cover operation, she did however help with Bonds ninja training and in his process of "becoming Japanese".
Shortly after Bond's arrival at the ninja academy, an assassin stealthily enters the bedroom where Bond and Aki are sleeping together and lowers a thin cord to Bond's mouth, intending to poison him.[3] (Dahl took inspiration for this by watching a similar scene in the first film in the Shinobi no Mono ninja film series.) At the last moment, Bond turns in his sleep and Aki moves to his position and the poison falls on her lips which she inadvertently swallows. The poison acts quickly, causing Aki great pain; after a few agonized seconds of gasping for breath, she dies. The scene was accompanied by the musical track "The Death of Aki" by John Barry.
Reception[edit]
Various lists frequently ranked Aki among the best Bond girls ever, including as tenth by Zimbio in 2008 ("So beautiful you almost forget that Sean Connery has been ridiculously made up to look Japanese. Almost"),[9] ninth by Postmedia News the same year ("Kissy Suzuki is considered the 'main' Bond girl in this film, but Aki has a bigger role and is more memorable"),[10] and eight by WagerWeb in 2009 ("Hot Japanese agent, she kicks ass and look damn fine doing it. Besides, she dies to save James Bond, you have to give her some extra credit for that").[11] According to UGO, "although Akiko Wakabayashi is charming in the role, her chemistry with Bond is disappointing, and she lacks both the look and the attitude to make her a good Bond girl,"[12] but in another article UGO praised her as "Bond's super-hot guardian angel".[3] Den of Geek included her in their 2008 list of ten James Bond characters who deserve their own spin-off.[13]
References[edit]
1.Jump up ^ Steven Jay Rubin, The James Bond Films: A Behind the Scenes History (p.75)
2.Jump up ^ Paul Simpson, The Rough Guide to James Bond (p.11)
3.^ Jump up to: a b c Cornelius, Ted (15 October 2008). "Aki – Best Bond Girls". UGO.com. Retrieved 10 August 2013.
4.^ Jump up to: a b "7. The "Modern" Car – The Complete Guide To James Bond's Cars (Video)". Complex. 30 November 2011. Retrieved 10 August 2013.
5.Jump up ^ "Kissy – In bed with Bond". Virginmedia.com. Retrieved 25 October 2013.
6.Jump up ^ "James Bond girls are feminist icons says Cubby Broccoli's daughter". Telegraph.co.uk. Retrieved 25 October 2013.
7.Jump up ^ "Lucire Living: Releasing from Bondage, as the Bond girls find feminism". Lucire.com. Retrieved 10 August 2013.
8.Jump up ^ "6. You Only Live Twice (1967) — The 10 Best James Bond Chase Scenes". Complex. 29 March 2012. Retrieved 10 August 2013.
9.Jump up ^ Top 20 Hottest Bond Babes, Zimbio, 23 September 2008.[dead link]
10.Jump up ^ From Octopussy to Jinx: The Best of the Bond Girls, Canada.com, 14 November 2008
11.Jump up ^ "We rank the top 25 Bond Girls of all time". Entertainment.wagerweb.com. Retrieved 25 October 2013.
12.Jump up ^ "Akiko Wakabayashi – Aki | Bond Girls | UGO's World of James Bond". Jamesbond.ugo.com. Retrieved 10 August 2013.
13.Jump up ^ "10 James Bond Characters who deserve their own spin-off – Den of Geek". Denofgeek.com. 27 October 2008. Retrieved 10 August 2013.
External links[edit]
Aki (Character)|Aki at the Internet Movie Database
James Bond multimedia | Akiko Wakabayashi (Aki)


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Domino Vitali
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[hide]This article has multiple issues. Please help improve it or discuss these issues on the talk page.




This article may contain excessive or improper use of non-free material.  (November 2012)




This article needs additional citations for verification.  (February 2008)




This section consists almost entirely of a plot summary. It should be expanded to provide more balanced coverage that includes real-world context.  (April 2011)



Domino
Character from the James Bond series
Domino Vitali by Claudine Auger.jpgDominoNSNA.jpg
Affiliation
Largo's mistress
Portrayed by
Claudine Auger
Kim Basinger
Role
Bond girl
Dominetta Vitali, known simply as Domino, is a fictional character and the main Bond girl in the James Bond novel, Thunderball. For the 1965 film adaptation with the same title, her name was changed to Dominique Derval ("Domino" remains her nickname), and she was portrayed by French actress Claudine Auger. In the 1983 film adaptation Never Say Never Again, her character was renamed Domino Petachi (derived from her birth name in the novel[citation needed]) and she was portrayed by American actress Kim Basinger.


Contents  [hide]
1 Biography 1.1 The novel
1.2 The films 1.2.1 Thunderball
1.2.2 Never Say Never Again

2 Reception
3 References

Biography[edit]
The novel[edit]



 Claudine Auger as Domino
Born Dominetta Petacchi, she is an Italian beauty from Bolzano who went to school in England at Cheltenham Ladies' College. She later studied acting at the Royal Academy of Dramatic Art until being forced (after her parents' death in a train wreck) to return to Italy, where she became an actress. She changed her surname to Vitali, a stage name. While in Italy she also became the mistress of Emilio Largo, whom she calls a "guardian" of no relation.
Bond meets Domino while in Nassau. She is staying on Largo's yacht, the Disco Volante, and believes Largo is in the area on a treasure hunt. For reasons she does not understand Largo makes her stay on land while he and his partners (whom she describes as shareholders) go prospecting for the hidden treasure. She also tells Bond that she has never been able to see the map that they use. Although Bond is successful in engaging Domino in conversation, she snubs him, but later agrees to meet with him again when she returns to land. She also becomes testy when Bond uses her given name, Dominetta, and bluntly tells him to call her 'Domino'.
When Bond and Domino meet again at the casino later, she has entirely changed. She tells Bond that she is tired of watching Largo show off and letting him use her.



 Kim Basinger as Domino
She explains to Bond that she is trapped like a bird in a gilded cage. Domino later reveals that Giuseppe Petacchi is her brother who she hasn't seen for quite some time. Bond finds out that Largo had Petacchi killed after Petacchi had hijacked bomber on SPECTRE's behalf. He proves this to Domino, and recruits her as an ally to spy on Largo. Domino returns to Largo's yacht, the Disco Volante, with a geiger counter to verify the ship as the location of the two stolen nuclear bombs, however, she is uncovered and taken prisoner. Largo tortures her by burning her with a cigar for heat and then using ice cubes for cold.
Domino ultimately escapes as Largo attempts to carry out his plan. Before he can kill a weakened James Bond, she appears behind him and shoots him through the neck with a harpoon from a spear gun, avenging her brother and for what he had previously done to her.
The films[edit]
Thunderball[edit]



 Domino and Emilio Largo at the casino.
In early drafts of the film's screenplay, the character's name was Dominetta Palazzi. When Claudine Auger was cast as Domino, the character's surname was changed to Derval to reflect her nationality. In this film, the character's name was changed to Dominique Derval is seen when Bond is swimming in Nassau, her foot gets stuck in a form of ocean floor but Bond sets her free. She swims up to her boat and thanks Bond. Bond swims back to his boat with his Nassau contact, Paula Caplan. Paula takes care of their boat as Bond is about to learn more about Domino. Domino and Bond have lunch on the beach. But Quist spies on the two. A sign that Domino had to go back to the Disco Volante. At the hotel Bond stayed in, Bond sees Domino with Largo, Domino was smoking a cigar, as Bond bid in the game against Largo. Domino tells Largo that Bond pressed her to a drink. Domino and Bond slow-dance outside but Largo collects her. At Largo's home, Palmyra, Domino is swimming when Bond visits. She leaves Bond with Largo to go make lunch. Largo invites Bond to the Nassau Junkanoo.
After attending the Junkanoo with Bond, Domino tells Bond that Felix Leiter is trying to contact him. He leaves Felix with Domino, to go and search for Paula, who had been kidnapped by Fiona Volpe. It turns out Paula committed suicide by swallowing cyanide. Domino sees Bond in the water the next day and they make love. They go on shore and Bond tells the rather mis-understood Domino the entire predicament that her brother was killed by Largo and Largo plans to make a nuclear holocaust with the bombs SPECTRE gave him. She helps Bond kill Vargas and spies on board the Disco Volante but is caught and tortured by Largo. Domino gets back at Largo and shoots him in the back with a harpoon just as he is about to kill Bond. Bond and Domino jump off the yacht Volante as it is about to run aground and explode. The two are saved by the CIA and are carried off into the air by a sky hook.
Never Say Never Again[edit]



 James Bond and Domino
Domino Petachi (played by Kim Basinger) is structured after Domino Derval.[citation needed] The character is called Domino[citation needed], it is no longer just a nickname, but her last name has reverted to the novel's original Petachi.[citation needed] Unlike the character in the first film version where she refers him her "guardian," it is well known that she and Largo are longtime lovers.
She meets Bond at a spa in Monte Carlo, where he poses as a masseur and massages her. This gives her immense pleasure, though she later realizes he is not who he appears to be. She encounters him again at a casino where Bond introduces himself to her. They have drinks together before being interrupted by Largo. The two dance briefly, where Bond informs her about the death of her brother Jack. Bond is then invited to Largo's yacht, where Largo spies on them kissing in her cabin. He leaves Bond for dead near Palmyra, while Domino is auctioned off as a slave to some unsavory Arabs. Bond eventually escapes and rescues her. They are then chased by the Arabs on horseback until the horse jumps off a cliff into the ocean. They are rescued from the water by Felix Leiter and a team from MI6. After their rescue, Domino and Bond track Largo to a location known as "The Tears of Allah," located below a desert oasis. The two take a shower together, and Bond kisses her before heading off to stop Largo. The circumstances of her spearing Largo as he and Bond fight are altered from the original film – it here takes place underwater, with all the characters in scuba gear. The film ends with Bond indicating his intention to retire from MI6 and settling down with Domino.
Reception[edit]
[icon] This section requires expansion. (July 2012)
In a poll conducted by Moviefone.com, Basinger was ranked #3 in the top 10 sexiest Bond girls for her portrayal of Domino.[1]
References[edit]
1.Jump up ^ http://insidemovies.moviefone.com/2008/11/03/best-bond-girls/


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Pussy Galore
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This article is about the James Bond villainess. For the band, see Pussy Galore (band).



[hide]This article has multiple issues. Please help improve it or discuss these issues on the talk page.




This article possibly contains original research.  (January 2013)




This article needs additional citations for verification.  (July 2012)



Pussy Galore
Character from the James Bond series
Pussy Galore by Honor Blackman.jpg
Affiliation
Auric Goldfinger (film)
The Cement Mixers (novel)
Portrayed by
Honor Blackman
Role
Bond girl / Henchwoman
Pussy Galore is a fictional character in the Ian Fleming James Bond novel Goldfinger and the later film by the same name. In the film, she is played by Honor Blackman. As with many of Ian Fleming's creations, the name is a double entendre—pussy being a slang term for cat or for vagina.
Blanche Blackwell, a Jamaican of Anglo-Jewish descent, is thought to have been the love of Fleming's later life and his model for Pussy Galore.[1]


Contents  [hide]
1 Appearances 1.1 Novel
1.2 Film
2 Reception and cultural impact
3 References
4 Bibliography

Appearances[edit]
Novel[edit]
In the novel, Pussy Galore is the only woman in the United States known to be running an organised crime gang. Initially trapeze artists, her group of performing catwomen, "Pussy Galore and her Abrocats", is unsuccessful, and so the women train as cat burglars instead.
Her group evolves into an all-lesbian organisation, based in Harlem, known as the Cement Mixers. In the novel, she has black hair, pale skin, and (according to Bond) the only violet eyes that Bond has ever seen. She is in her thirties, her voice low and attractive. Pussy tells Bond that she became a lesbian after she was sexually abused by her uncle at the age of 12.
Auric Goldfinger enlists the help of Pussy and her Cement Mixers to carry out "Operation Grand Slam", a scheme to kill all the soldiers guarding Fort Knox by poisoning their water supply with a water-borne nerve agent (GB, also called sarin), and then to use a stolen nuclear weapon to blow open the U.S. Bullion Depository there and steal one billion dollars in gold bullion from it.[2] Goldfinger chooses the Cement Mixers because he needs a group of women to impersonate the nurses in fake emergency medical teams he plans to send into the poison-stricken Fort Knox.
In the film they are known as Pussy Galore and her Flying Circus a squadron of all women pilots who fly over Fort Knox releasing the Delta 9 nerve gas to kill all the Army personnel. (Bond convinced Pussy to switch the canisters so instead of releasing nerve gas they released a harmless aerosol with the troops pretending to be knocked out.)
After Bond and Felix Leiter foil "Grand Slam", Galore runs into Bond while impersonating a stewardess on Goldfinger's hijacked escape flight to the Soviet Union (which carries his remaining fortune in gold). Bond, having previously been drugged by a fake vaccination, has been kidnapped and transported onto the plane to join Goldfinger, who is determined to kill him at last.
However, Bond punctures one of the airplane's windows with a knife (causing Goldfinger's henchman Oddjob to be blown out and plunge to his death), then tackles Goldfinger, and, in the ensuing struggle, kills him. Bond then forces the crew of the airplane to reverse course. When the gold-heavy craft runs out of fuel, and the crew must ditch it in the ocean, Bond and Pussy are the only ones who manage to escape onto a life raft. It is hinted at the end of the novel that Pussy is sent to prison, as she says to Bond, "Will you write to me in Sing Sing?"
Her original band of Amazonian catwomen appear as characters in the film, but as small-aircraft pilots rather than trapeze artists.
Film[edit]
Concerned about censors, the film's producers considered changing her name to "Kitty Galore", but decided to keep the original name after the British newspapers began to refer to the actress who was preparing for the role, Honor Blackman, as "Pussy" in the lead-up to production. Blackman is the oldest actress so far to have played a Bond Girl. She and Diana Rigg are the only two Bond girls who have been older than the actor playing opposite them as Bond. During the filming of Goldfinger, Blackman was 39 years old; Sean Connery was only 34. During the filming of On Her Majesty's Secret Service Rigg, 31, played opposite the then 30-year-old George Lazenby.
Pussy is first seen when Bond wakes up in Goldfinger's private jet, having been knocked out with a tranquiliser gun by Goldfinger. He is lying on a couch when he regains consciousness, and since the first thing he sees when he opens his eyes is her stunning blonde-framed visage leaning over him, the dialog runs as follows:

James Bond: Who are you?
 Pussy Galore: My name is Pussy Galore.
 James Bond: I must be dreaming.[3]
She then asserts that the nature of her employment for Goldfinger is that she's "a damn good pilot", clearly intending to suggest that there is no relationship of a more intimate nature between them, and tells Bond, "You can turn off the charm. I'm immune."[4] She is the leader of Pussy Galore's Flying Circus, a group of women aviators connected with Goldfinger's "Operation Grand Slam" (played in certain scenes by stuntmen in blonde wigs). In a later scene, Pussy uses judo to attack Bond after she catches him eavesdropping on Goldfinger's plan, and turns him over to Goldfinger.
However, Bond eventually sleeps with the previously "immune" Pussy in a controversial scene that has been described as rape.[5] She then secretly turns against Goldfinger; she alerts the Central Intelligence Agency to her employer's scheme, and they help her replace the deadly nerve gas that Goldfinger is planning have her aviators spray over Fort Knox with a different, harmless substance (the soldiers below appear to die, but are actually faking).
Having foiled Goldfinger's plan, Bond boards the President's private plane to travel to the White House. Goldfinger, now a fugitive millionaire, forces Pussy to participate in hijacking the plane in order to force the pilot to fly him to Cuba. However, Bond defeats Goldfinger, who is blown out the window at high altitude, thus suffering what, in the novel, had been Oddjob's fate. Bond then saves Pussy from the crashing plane: they both bail out (this is shown only on radar), land safely in an unidentified tropical region, and make love under their parachute.
During an interview for the documentary Bond Girls Are Forever, Honor Blackman commented that, when she was playing the role of Pussy, she knew her character had been written as a lesbian in the novel. She also said she had played the role as if she had been abused in the past.
Reception and cultural impact[edit]
[icon] This section requires expansion. (September 2012)
Pussy ranked second in a poll of favourite Bond Girls by Entertainment Weekly in 2007, beaten only by Ursula Andress' character Honey Rider.[6] Yahoo! Movies had her name included in the 2012 list of the best Bond girl names, calling it "The most famous Bond Girl name, and also the rudest - US censors almost cut it from Goldfinger."
The 1997 parody film Austin Powers: International Man of Mystery features a character named Alotta Fagina in an apparent reference to Galore (and perhaps also to the many other double-entendre named Bond girls, such as Octopussy and Holly Goodhead.)[7]
The Rolex GMT-Master reference 6542 is nicknamed "Pussy Galore" due to the fact the movie character wears this particular watch.[8]
Her name is also the inspiration for a character, Pussy LaGore, in the Carmageddon video game series.
References[edit]
1.Jump up ^ Thomson, Ian (6 June 2008). "Devil May Care, by Sebastian Faulks, writing as Ian Fleming; For Your Eyes Only, by Ben Macintyre". The Independent. Retrieved 2 January 2011.
2.Jump up ^ Goldfinger, chapters 17 & 18
3.Jump up ^ "Goldfinger (film) – Wikiquote". En.wikiquote.org. 12 September 2010. Retrieved 25 September 2010.
4.Jump up ^ http://www.imdb.com/character/ch0000345 /quotes
5.Jump up ^ Marche, Stephen (1 November 2012). "Why I Hate James Bond". Esquire. Retrieved 20 May 2014.
6.Jump up ^ "Countdown! The 10 best Bond girls | James Bond | Movie Commentary | DVD | Entertainment Weekly". Ew.com. 20 September 2010. Retrieved 25 September 2010.
7.Jump up ^ Lindner 2009, p. 76.
8.Jump up ^ GMT Master History, Rolex GMT-Master, GMT-Master, Rolex. "GMT Master History". GMT Master History. Retrieved 29 March 2012.
Bibliography[edit]
Lindner, Christoph (2009). The James Bond Phenomenon: a Critical Reader. Manchester University Press. ISBN 978-0-7190-6541-5.


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Tatiana Romanova
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Not to be confused with Grand Duchess Tatiana Nikolaevna of Russia.



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Tatiana Romanova
Character from the James Bond series
Daniela Bianchi.jpg
Affiliation
KGB (novel) and (film)
Portrayed by
Daniela Bianchi
Barbara Jefford (voice)
Role
Bond girl / Henchman
Tatiana Romanova is a fictional character in the James Bond novel, film, and video game From Russia with Love. She is played by Daniela Bianchi in the movie.


Contents  [hide]
1 Novel and film biography
2 Video game
3 Reception
4 References

Novel and film biography[edit]
Tatiana Romanova is introduced as a corporal in Soviet Army Intelligence, assigned to work in the Soviet Embassy in Istanbul as a cipher clerk. Her superiors, in connection with SMERSH, plan to sow dissent in the intelligence community by murdering and discrediting a significant figure in western intelligence. This was to be achieved by the murder of James Bond.
Her commanding officer is Rosa Klebb — in the screenplay adaptation, she is secretly an agent for SPECTRE — who manipulates her into believing that she is on an important mission for her country, when she is in fact merely a pawn in the terrorist organization's latest bid to destroy the British Secret Service.
In the novel, Klebb is actually a member of the Soviet government, commander in chief of the Otdyel II section of the SMERSH. Thus, Romanova works for the Soviets, who assign her the mission of seducing Bond and having him take her to England to deliver a SPEKTOR code machine, as well as plant false information, before being rescued from a political prison and returned to Russia.
Once in Istanbul, she contacts Darko Kerim Bey (Ali Kerim Bey in the film) and tells him her plans: she would willingly defect from the Soviet Union and take with her the precious LEKTOR/SPEKTOR only if Bond assisted the operation. She claimed that she had fallen in love with the man from a picture she had seen in a secret file and wanted to live with him.
Both M and Bond believe this to be a trap, but the prize is valuable enough to go for it. They react just as the main instigator of the plot, chess champion Kronsteen, had predicted. Bond then flies to Istanbul and contacts Kerim, spending several days there, waiting for contact. After a riot at a Gypsy camp, Bond returns to his hotel room and finds Romanova walking across the room and getting into his bed, wearing only a black velvet choker and black stockings. They make love, but are secretly filmed by Klebb's minions via a one-way mirror. This tape is explicitly planned to be used to embarrass MI6.
In the film, after meeting her again to verify the authenticity of her information, they blow up the Soviet Embassy in Istanbul to cover their escape. With the help of Kerim, they board the Orient Express and depart for Trieste and the Italian frontier. As a part of Kronsteen's strategy, the SMERSH/SPECTRE assassin Donald 'Red' Grant kills Kerim. Bond contacts Grant, who is pretending to be an agent named Nash. After sedating Romanova, Nash's identity is revealed to Bond, who then fights Grant in their train room. Prior to the fight, Grant explains that he is going to kill Bond and then execute the sleeping Romanova with Bond's gun, making it look like a murder-suicide. Bond finally defeats Grant and takes Romanova to Venice. It is there they meet Klebb again who, in an attempt to retrieve the LEKTOR and kill Bond, disguises herself as a maid and tries to eliminate the agent with a dagger-tipped shoe poisoned with blowfish venom. Romanova shoots Klebb, thus saving Bond. She and Bond are last seen on a boat in Venice, with Bond dropping the incriminating negatives into the canal.
Similarly, in the novel, they board the Orient Express with Kerim, planning to travel to England over the course of four days. Kerim, instead of being killed by Grant, is killed by a Russian agent named Benz who had boarded the train earlier and also is killed in the struggle. This prompts the bombing of the Soviet Embassy in Istanbul in retaliation. Despite this, Bond elects not to leave the train for a plane or the embassy, after having fallen for Romanova and not wanting to cut their time short. Grant pretends to be Nash, an MI5 agent sent by M in response to the death of Kerim. After sedating Romanova, under the guise of standing guard over Bond, he waits until they are both asleep, and plans to murder them. However, due to his vanity, he taunts Bond, revealing details of a meeting with Rosa Klebb. This allows him to disarm and save Romanova's life. It is unclear as to what ultimately becomes of Tatiana in the novel as in her last appearance, she is still heavily affected by the sedatives, sleeping in the British Embassy, while Bond confronts Klebb. It is presumed that she has been arrested and/or released by the British.
Video game[edit]
The character's role in the video game adaptation of From Russia With Love is more or less the same as in the novel and film, with the only major difference being that she is now an unwitting double agent for a terrorist organization called "OCTOPUS". She is voiced by Kari Wahlgren.
Reception[edit]
The reception of the Tatiana Romanova's character was generally excellent, with many people going to watch the movie and enjoying the scenes featuring her. People were especially fond of the Russian ethnicity and culture, and the thought of a Russian defecting from the motherland to join the west. Especially during the Cold War, her character was used as a symbol of Russian women who wanted to defect Russia and join the west. The thought was that the west had better and more manly men with more money. In addition, the perception was that western men cared about women, as opposed to the perception of Russian men, which mostly relied on alcohol and violence.
References[edit]



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Honey Rider
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For the band, see Honey Ryder (band).


 This article needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. (July 2012)

Honeychile Rider
 Honey Rider
 Honey Ryder
Character from the James Bond series
Ursula Andress in Dr. No.jpg
Ursula Andress in Dr. No in 1962

Occupation
Shell diver
Portrayed by
Ursula Andress
Role
Bond girl
Honeychile Rider is a fictional character in Ian Fleming's James Bond novel Dr. No. In the 1962 Bond film of the same name, her name was shortened and changed to Honey Ryder. In the film she is played by Swiss actress Ursula Andress and due to her heavy accent was dubbed by Nikki van der Zyl. In typical Bond fashion, her name was a double entendre for the sexual position of the woman riding on top.
In the film series, Ryder is widely regarded as the first Bond Girl, although she is not the first woman in the film to be with Bond (that distinction belongs to Sylvia Trench, while Miss Taro was Bond's first mission-related "conquest"). Her entrance in the film, emerging from the ocean in a white bikini with two large sea shells, while the sun shines on her wet blonde hair, is considered a classic James Bond moment and is one of the most popular scenes in cinematic history. As an homage, Halle Berry performed a similar scene in an orange bikini in the 20th James Bond film, Die Another Day. Mariah Carey also refers to this scene in the music video for her song "Honey."
Ursula Andress was later mentioned by name in the novel On Her Majesty's Secret Service, and described as a "beautiful movie star." Andress is the first of only two entertainers that have actually starred in a Bond film to be mentioned by Fleming in his James Bond novels. The other is David Niven who co-starred as James Bond in the 1967 film adaptation of Casino Royale along with Andress. Andress referred to the Dr. No bikini as the "secret of her success".[1]


Contents  [hide]
1 Novel
2 Film
3 Reception
4 See also
5 References

Novel[edit]
Rider is a Jamaican shell diver, descended from an old-established colonial family. She was orphaned at the age of five when her parents' house was burned down. She then lived with her black nanny in a cellar until she was 15, when her nanny died. Rider reveals that she was also raped as a young girl by the overseer of the property on which she lives. She later avenged her rape by killing the man.
Rider is an independent and very beautiful woman, with the minor imperfection of a broken nose, a lasting memory of the time the overseer punched her in the face to subdue her before sexually assaulting her. She became a shell diver near Crab Key in order to make enough money by selling the shells to American collectors, so that she can then have plastic surgery performed on her nose. While on Crab Key, she meets James Bond and is later captured by Dr. Julius No, who attempts to kill her by tying her to some rocks and allowing crabs to eat her alive. However, she is aware that the crabs do not like human flesh and they won't attack her. She escapes, meets up with a badly injured Bond and, together, they leave the island. Honey then single-handedly sails them back to Jamaica while Bond is unconscious in the bottom of the canoe. She then tends his wounds until he can get to a hospital the next day. It is implied in the book that she and Bond will later travel to New York City where Honey will get her nose fixed; and that on her return, she will work at the Jamaican natural history museum.
In later novels, Bond divulges that Honey Rider moved to Philadelphia, where she married a doctor by the name of Wilder and had two children by him.
Film[edit]
As in the novel, Ryder is a very independent woman claiming to not need help from anyone. She is a beachcomber making a living selling seashells in Miami. Resourceful and courageous, she states that she can defend herself against any hostile when she first meets Bond. Although she is at first wary of Bond, he is allowed to get closer when he comments that his intentions are honourable.
Like Pussy Galore in Goldfinger, Honey doesn't appear until half way through the movie. She comes out of the ocean singing "Under the Mango Tree", Bond startles her when he joins in singing. She pulls her dagger out, wary of Bond's position but grows to trust him. Honey shows Quarrel and Bond a way to evade No's men when caught. After they escape, she tells Bond how her father died when on Crab Key, and that she was raped by a local landlord. Honey relates how she got her revenge by putting a black widow spider in his mosquito net and causing his lingering death. When in a marshy region of the island, Quarrel, Bond, and Honey have a close encounter with No's "dragon". Quarrel dies and the remaining two get captured. No's men wash away radiation that Honey and Bond got on their clothes and they get rooms of luxury. The next day, they meet Doctor No. When in conversation, No has Honey taken away. After Bond kills No, he saves her from the island and they make love in a towed boat.
Reception[edit]
[icon] This section requires expansion. (July 2012)
In a UK survey conducted in 2003 by Channel 4, the character's entrance in Dr. No was voted number one in "the 100 Greatest Sexy Moments" (BBC 2003).[2] Honey Ryder was voted the best Bond Girl by Entertainment Weekly.[citation needed]
See also[edit]
White bikini of Ursula Andress
References[edit]
1.Jump up ^ Kathryn Westcott (5 July 2006). The bikini: Not a brief affair BBC Accessed 2008-02-15.
2.Jump up ^ Andress scene voted 'most sexy' (30 November 2003) BBC Accessed 2008-02-15.


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00 Agent
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 This article needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. (November 2011)
In Ian Fleming's James Bond novels and the derived films, the 00 Section of MI6 is considered the secret service's elite. A 00 (typically read "Double O") agent holds a licence to kill in the field, at his or her discretion, to complete the mission. The novel Moonraker establishes that the section routinely has three agents concurrently; the film series, beginning with Thunderball, establishes the number of 00 agents at a minimum of 9, with the likelihood of more.


Contents  [hide]
1 Origin of nomenclature
2 Description
3 List of 00s 3.1 Novels
3.2 Films and other official media
4 See also
5 References

Origin of nomenclature[edit]
Although pronounced "Double-O", the O refers to zeros. In the British and Commonwealth armed forces, soldiers and officers are assigned identity numbers; the United States military does likewise. During Ian Fleming's work in Vichy France, an agent's anonymity was imperative, and, when the agent was military, it was convenient to use the last three digits of the agent's number as identification.
In World War II, Britain's Special Operations Executive agents did not have identifiers assigned to them such as the 00 or related 'systems' of nomenclature. Specific agents would be known to high command by their own names, and when deniability was at stake, their service numbers in long form, or else by invented codenames.
For the sake of romance and memorability, Fleming used the 00 and mystical number 7 for James Bond – himself a shell for the reader to inhabit.[1]
Description[edit]
In the first novel, Casino Royale, and the 2006 film adaptation, the 00 concept is introduced and, in Bond's words, means "that you've had to kill a chap in cold blood in the course of some assignment." Bond's 00 number (007) was awarded to him because he twice killed in fulfilling assignments. (This differentiates from deadly force used by non-00 agents in the course of self-defence or offensive action; plus, in the original time frame of the novel—the early 1950s—many MI6 agents would have had recent war service.) In the second novel, Live and Let Die, the 00 number designates a past killing; not until the third novel, Moonraker, does the 00 number designate a licence to kill. Thereafter, the novels are ambiguous about whether or not a 00 agent's licence to kill is limited, with varying accounts in Dr. No, Goldfinger, and The Man with the Golden Gun.
Per Fleming's Moonraker, 00 agents face mandatory retirement at 45; John Gardner contradicts this in his novels, depicting a fifty-odd-year-old secret agent. Sebastion Faulks' Devil May Care features M giving Bond a choice of when to retire.
Fleming himself only mentions five 00 agents in all. According to Moonraker, James Bond is the most senior of three 00 agents; the two others were 008 and 0011. The three men share an office and a secretary named Loelia Ponsonby. Later novels feature two more 00 agents; 009 is mentioned in Thunderball and 006 is mentioned in On Her Majesty's Secret Service, and GoldenEye as an alias for Alec Trevelyan. Other authors have elaborated and expanded upon the 00 agents. While they presumably have been sent on dangerous missions as Bond has, little has been revealed about most of them. Several have been named, both by Fleming and other authors, along with passing references to their service records, which suggest that agents are largely recruited (as Bond was) from the British military's special forces.
In the films, the 00 section is a discrete area of MI6, whose agents report directly to M (The World Is Not Enough, which introduces a special insignia for the 00 Section). Bond's fellow 00 agents appear receiving briefings in Thunderball and The World Is Not Enough. The latter film shows a woman in one of the 00 chairs. In Thunderball, there are nine chairs for the 00 agents; Moneypenny says every 00 agent in Europe has been recalled, not every 00 agent in the world. As with the books, other writers have elaborated and expanded upon the 00 agents in the films and in other media.
List of 00s[edit]
This list is of the known 00 agents of the British Secret Service who exist in officially-licensed novels, cinema, video games, and comic strips.
Novels[edit]

00-agent
Name
Description
001 Edward Donne Referred to in the Raymond Benson novel, Doubleshot, Edward Donne is the only agent 001.
004 Frederick Wardner, Scarlett Papava A 004 appears in the Benson novel The Facts of Death. In the Sebastian Faulks novel Devil May Care, Bond girl Scarlett Papava is unveiled as 004, replacing the previous agent who was killed in Berlin.
005 Stuart Thomas Was 005 until defective eyesight impaired his marksmanship, and he was made head of Station G (Greece) in Colonel Sun.
006 Major Jack Giddings 006, a Royal Marine commando, is mentioned in On Her Majesty's Secret Service. In The Moneypenny Diaries: Guardian Angel he is named as Major Jack Giddings and second to Bond in the 00 section. Alec Trevelyan is another 006 featured in the novelisation to GoldenEye.
007 James Bond James Bond is the only agent 007. During You Only Live Twice, Bond was transferred into another branch and given the number 7777, suggesting there was no active agent 007 in that time; he is reinstated as such in The Man with the Golden Gun. In the John Gardner novels, agent 007 is the remaining active 00-agent, the section was disbanded in the 1980s, later contradicted by Raymond Benson's novels.
008 Bill In the novel Goldfinger, Bond thinks to himself that 008 would likely avenge Bond by killing Goldfinger. As Bond thinks this, he ruminates that 008 is "a good man, more careful than Bond." In the novel Moonraker, 008 (called "Bill" by Bond) is mentioned as being on recuperative leave after returning from a mission behind the Iron Curtain.
009 Unnamed Referred to in the novel Thunderball
0010 Unnamed Referred to in the Benson novel The Man with the Red Tattoo.
0011 Cederic Mentioned briefly in the novel Moonraker as vanishing while on assignment in Singapore.
0012 Sam Johnston Although unmentioned on screen, Benson's The World Is Not Enough novelisation has Bond investigating 0012's death at story's start (seen in a photograph of a dark-haired man, in the film).
Films and other official media[edit]

00-agent
Name
Description
002 Bill Fairbanks A 002 first appears in Thunderball. He is shot through the neck and killed by Francisco Scaramanga, in Beirut, Lebanon, in 1969 (film version: The Man with the Golden Gun 1974). In The Living Daylights film, another Agent 002, played by Glyn Baker, was training at Gibraltar, with 004 and 007.
003 Jason Walters, Jack Mason 003 first appears in Thunderball. He is found dead, in Siberia, in A View to a Kill. Another (unrelated) MI6 agent is Jack Mason, 003 who is shot in the gut and killed by Nikolai Diavolo, the villain, in the Everything or Nothing video game (2004). Diavolo is connected with the villain Max Zorin from A View to a Kill.
004 Aidan Flemmings 004 first appears in Thunderball. Played by Frederick Warder, 004 accompanied 002 and 007 to Gibraltar in The Living Daylights film; he is murdered by a false KGB agent who tags the body with "Death to Spies" in Russian after his support rope is cut and he is sent plummeting down a cliff to his death. In the GoldenEye video game, on the Silo mission briefing, Q mentions to 007 to "remember to treat the timed explosives with respect – you remember what happened to 004 in Beirut"; it is unclear whether he speaks of another agent or the one listed above.
005 Stuart Thomas 005 appears in Thunderball.
006 Alec Trevelyan 006 first appears in Thunderball, where he is portrayed by Peter Roy. When 006 was used again, he was named Alec Trevelyan, and served as the main antagonist in GoldenEye, where he was portrayed by Sean Bean. In a mission at Arkhangelsk, he is apparently shot and killed, but later reveals that he faked his death. He heads the Janus crime syndicate which plans to steal the GoldenEye satellite from the Russian Federation, intending to use it to cripple Britain down to a financial meltdown. His motive for these plans was a personal one: avenging his family, who were all Lienz Cossacks, betrayed to the Communists by the British government after World War II had ended. He also begrudged Bond's not allowing him time to escape the Soviet chemical weapons factory they were sent to destroy at the beginning of the film. Trevelyan is killed after Bond drops him from the antenna above the satellite dish, and the subsequent destruction of the facility.
007 James Bond See above.
008 Bill Timothy 008 first appears in Thunderball. In Goldfinger M threatens to replace 007 with agent 008. In The Living Daylights, M again threatens to replace 007 "I'll recall 008 from Hong Kong".[2] In the film Goldfinger, Bond tells Auric Goldfinger, "...if I fail to report, 008 replaces me." In the movies, 008 is the only one (other than Bond) that isn't always killed doing his job. In the video game James Bond 007, 008 gives Bond an exploding pen before dying.
009 Peter Smith 009 first appears in Thunderball. Mischka and Grischka kill him (dressed as a clown) after the opening credits in Octopussy by throwing a knife into his back as he tries to escape them. In The World Is Not Enough, M assigned another 009 to kill Renard; despite putting a bullet in his head, Renard lives with the bullet slowly killing off his senses. The graphic novels Deadly Double and Serpent's Tooth features a fourth agent 009.
0012 Sam Johnston Although unmentioned on screen, Benson's The World Is Not Enough novelisation has Bond investigating 0012's death at story's start (seen in a photograph of a dark-haired man, in the film).
0013 Briony Thorne A female 00-agent appearing in the comic strip Fear Face (published 18 January 1971 to 20 April 1971 in The Daily Express). Thorne is revealed to be a double agent for China.
Unknown Jonathan Hunter "GoldenEye" A former 00-agent featured in GoldenEye: Rogue Agent. He was shot in the right eye, and was dismissed by MI6 for "reckless brutality". He joined up with Auric Goldfinger against the shooter, Dr. Julius No, and eventually received a gold-hued, synthetic orb as a replacement for his right eye. After killing Goldfinger and Dr. No, he becomes Ernst Stavro Blofeld's bodyguard. Unlike other 00 agents listed here, GoldenEye only appears in the non-canon video game GoldenEye: Rogue Agent. The game takes place in an alternate universe.
Unknown Agent York Killed in the comic strip River of Death (published 24 June 1969 to 29 November 1969 in The Daily Express). Agent York is a 00 agent but his number isn't revealed.
Unknown Raoul Silva Main antagonist in the film Skyfall. Raoul Silva is presumed to have formerly been a 00 agent, preceding James Bond as M's "favourite" agent.
Unknown Suzi Kew A recurring character in the Daily Express comic strip series of the 1960s and 1970s, Suzi Kew is a 00 agent but her number is not revealed.
Unknown Dawes An agent killed during the pre-title sequence of Live and Let Die.
Unknown Hamilton Another agent killed during the pre-title sequence of Live and Let Die. He was stabbed by an unnamed assassin in New Orleans.
Unknown Baines Third agent killed during Live and Let Die's pre-title sequence.
See also[edit]
List of James Bond parodies and spin-offs
References[edit]
1.Jump up ^ Kingsley Amis, The James Bond Dossier, 1960
2.Jump up ^ "It was instinct. - I'll recall 008 from Hong Kong | The Living Daylights quotes". Subzin.com. Retrieved 12 November 2012.


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Bill Tanner
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
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For other people of the same name, see William Tanner (disambiguation).


 This article needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. (November 2011)

Bill Tanner
Character from the James Bond series
From top left clockwise Michael Goodliffe, James Villiers, Rory Kinnear and Michael Kitchen as Bill Tanner
Occupation
Chief of Staff
Affiliation
MI6
Portrayed by
Michael Goodliffe
James Villiers
Michael Kitchen
Rory Kinnear
Role
Chief of Staff
Bill Tanner is a fictional character in the James Bond film and novel series.


Contents  [hide]
1 Character summary
2 Novels
3 Film appearances
4 References

Character summary[edit]
Superb in a crisis, and blessed with a dry sense of humour, Tanner is M's Chief of Staff. He is also Bond's staunchest ally in the Service, and they often enjoy a round of golf when off-duty. A family man, Tanner is just a little envious of Bond's freedom.
Novels[edit]
In Ian Fleming's novels, Bill Tanner is MI6's Chief of Staff. He appears infrequently in the novels, but is a regular character in the later continuation series by John Gardner.
In 1965, Kingsley Amis wrote The Book of Bond or Every Man His Own 007, a tongue-in-cheek manual for prospective secret agents, illustrated with examples from Fleming's novels. For this work, Amis used the pseudonym "Lt. Colonel William ('Bill') Tanner".
Film appearances[edit]

Film
Year
Portrayed by
The Man with the Golden Gun 1974 Michael Goodliffe (uncredited)[1]
For Your Eyes Only 1981 James Villiers
GoldenEye 1995 Michael Kitchen
The World Is Not Enough 1999
Quantum of Solace 2008 Rory Kinnear
Skyfall 2012
In The Man with the Golden Gun, Bill Tanner is only seen briefly in the film and is not mentioned by name until the end credits. He appears in M's office with M and Colthorpe, discussing Francisco Scaramanga, who has sent a bullet to MI6 printed with Bond's ID number. He explains Scaramanga's fingerprints on the bullet were verified by the CIA, and that Scaramanga is attempting to provoke a battle with MI6. This leads to Bond being sent to find Scaramanga.



 Bill Tanner, played by Michael Kitchen in GoldenEye.
In For Your Eyes Only, Bill Tanner is given a bigger role, as Bernard Lee, who played M, had died.[2] Tanner gives Bond his assignment (along with Sir Fredrick Gray), which sends him to find Hector Gonzales. Bond is unable to get information from Gonzales later on because Melina Havelock kills him after Bond is captured. Tanner then gets upset at him for not getting any information and letting Melina murder him. Tanner is last seen at the end of the film, when he connects the Prime Minister and Bond by phone. Unknowingly though, Bond is not there and it is merely a talking parrot that ends up "flirting" with the Prime Minister. In Octopussy, the role of M was recast with Robert Brown, so Tanner did not appear.[2]
In GoldenEye, Tanner is only briefly seen in the Situation Room when the GoldenEye weapon is set off. Tanner gets scolded here for calling the new M, "the Evil Queen of Numbers" while she is right behind him. As Michael Kitchen was unable to reprise his role for Tomorrow Never Dies, the character of Charles Robinson (played by Colin Salmon), was created in his stead.[2]
In The World Is Not Enough, Tanner is seen at the Scotland MI6 building debriefing the agents on the murder of Sir Robert King, father of Elektra King. When Bond comes to the conclusion that Renard is behind it, Tanner is seen with them talking about what Renard can do or is planning to do. He is only seen again twice, when Elektra King contacts M to get her to come and see her and finally at the end of the film where R is attempting to find Bond.
Tanner returned to the Bond film series in Quantum of Solace, once again in his familiar position as M's aide. He was played by a different actor, Rory Kinnear, giving Judi Dench (who plays M) the distinction of having played opposite two different actors playing the role of Tanner. Kinnear is also the godson of Dench's late husband Michael Williams.[3] Kinnear reprised the role of Tanner in Skyfall. Kinnear also voices Tanner and provides his likeness for the 2010 remake of the GoldenEye game and the original games James Bond 007: Blood Stone and 007 Legends.
References[edit]
1.Jump up ^ "The Man With The Golden Gun- The James Bond International Fan Club". 007.info. 19 December 1974. Retrieved 12 November 2012.
2.^ Jump up to: a b c "Quantum of Solace - Production Diary 7". 26 January 2008. Retrieved 26 January 2008.
3.Jump up ^ "Rory Kinnear: Good show, sweet prince". Evening Standard. 29 November 2010.


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Q (James Bond)
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to: navigation, search



 This article needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. (November 2011)

Q
Character from the James Bond series
James Bond's Qs.jpg
Major Boothroyd (Peter Burton and Desmond Llewelyn, top), R who later became Q (John Cleese, bottom left) and Algernon (Alec McCowen, bottom right)

Occupation
Quartermaster
Affiliation
MI6
Portrayed by
Peter Burton (1962)
Desmond Llewelyn (1963–99)
Geoffrey Bayldon (1967)
Alec McCowen (1983)
John Cleese (2002)
Ben Whishaw (2012–)
Q is a fictional character in the James Bond films and film novelizations. Q (standing for Quartermaster), like M, is a job title rather than a name. He is the head of Q Branch (or later Q Division), the fictional research and development division of the British Secret Service.
Q has appeared in 20 of 23 Eon Bond films; all except Live and Let Die, Casino Royale and Quantum of Solace. The character was also featured in the non-Eon Bond films Casino Royale (1967) and Never Say Never Again.


Contents  [hide]
1 Novels 1.1 Major Boothroyd
1.2 Ann Reilly
2 Films 2.1 Eon Productions 2.1.1 Peter Burton: 1962
2.1.2 Desmond Llewelyn: 1963–99
2.1.3 John Cleese: 2002
2.1.4 Ben Whishaw: 2012–
2.2 Non-Eon films 2.2.1 Geoffrey Bayldon: 1967
2.2.2 Alec McCowen: 1983

3 See also
4 Further reading
5 References

Novels[edit]
The character never appears in Fleming's novels though Fleming's first two novels do refer to him; in subsequent Fleming novels, only the "Q Branch" is mentioned.[1] The character "Q" does however appear in the novelizations by Christopher Wood, John Gardner and Raymond Benson.
In John Gardner's novels, the post of Q is taken over by Ann Reilly (called Q'ute by her colleagues). She also forms a relationship with Bond. But it is supposed that she held on the post for a short while only as in Raymond Benson's novels, Boothroyd again takes over the post with no reasons given.
Charles Fraser-Smith is widely credited as being the inspiration for Q[2] due to the spy gadgets he had built for the Special Operations Executive being called "Q-devices" after the Royal Navy's World War I Q-ships. In the Fleming novels there are frequent references to Q and "Q Branch" with phrases like "see Q for any equipment you need" (Casino Royale) and "Q Branch would handle all of that" (Diamonds Are Forever), with a reference to "Q's craftsmen" in From Russia with Love.
Major Boothroyd[edit]
In the sixth novel, Dr. No, the service armourer Major Boothroyd appears for the first time. Fleming named the character after Geoffrey Boothroyd, a firearms expert who lived in Glasgow, Scotland.[3] He had written to the novelist suggesting that Bond was not using the best firearms available.
Ann Reilly[edit]
Boothroyd is also referenced occasionally in the Bond novels of John Gardner, but the author preferred instead to focus on a new character, Ann Reilly, who is introduced in the first Gardner novel, Licence Renewed and promptly dubbed "Q'ute" by Bond.[citation needed]
Films[edit]
In the films, Major Boothroyd first appears in Dr. No and later in From Russia with Love, although played by different actors. Desmond Llewelyn stated that though he was credited as playing "Major Boothroyd", the original line spoken by M, "Ask Major Boothroyd to come in" was replaced with "the armourer" as director Terence Young stated Boothroyd was a different character.[4]
Beginning in Guy Hamilton's Goldfinger and in each film thereafter Major Boothroyd is most often referred to as Q; however, in The Spy Who Loved Me (1977) he is referred to once again as Major Boothroyd in dialogue.[5]
In most films in which Q appears, he is restricted to a "behind the scenes" involvement, either based in London or in secret bases out in the field. Two notable exceptions in which Q becomes directly involved in Bond's missions occur in Octopussy, in which Q actually participates in field work - including the final battle against the villain's henchmen - and Licence to Kill in which he joins Bond in the field after 007 goes rogue.
Eon Productions[edit]
Peter Burton: 1962[edit]
In the first film, Dr. No, Boothroyd is played by Peter Burton in only one scene in which he replaces Bond's .25 Beretta 418 pistol with Bond's signature .32 Walther PPK handgun. The character later appeared in From Russia with Love played by Desmond Llewelyn, due to scheduling conflicts that kept Burton from reprising. He is referred to by M as "the armourer," and later as Major Boothroyd.
Featured in
Dr. No (1962)
Desmond Llewelyn: 1963–99[edit]
Beginning with From Russia with Love, Desmond Llewelyn portrayed the character in every official film except Live and Let Die until his death in 1999. In the 1977 film The Spy Who Loved Me, as Q was delivering the underwater Lotus, Major Anya Amasova/Agent XXX (Barbara Bach) greets Q as "Major Boothroyd".
The scenes in the films where Q briefs Bond on the gadgets that he is going to use on his mission include dialogue of antagonism between the two, with Q often annoyed by Bond's wandering attention, often telling him to "pay attention, 007", and Bond's seemingly playful lack of respect for his equipment, telling the agent, "I never joke about my work, 007". In Thunderball, Bond can be heard muttering "Oh no" when Q joins him in the Bahamas.
However, on occasion, Q has shown a warm and fatherly concern for 007's welfare, such as at Bond's wedding in On Her Majesty's Secret Service, when he assures Bond that he is available if Bond ever requires his help despite Bond planning to leave MI6, and when, at the behest of Miss Moneypenny, he secretly sneaks gadgets out of MI6 to help Bond survive his vendetta against the drug tyrant Sanchez in Licence to Kill. Arriving unannounced in Isthmus City (posing as Bond's uncle – similar to how he posed as Bond's father in You Only Live Twice), he flatly tells the agent, "If it hadn't been for Q Branch, you'd have been dead long ago" — to which Bond has no answer. Q has also assisted Bond in a more active role in his missions in Octopussy, remaining to aid Bond in person even after another ally is killed. He frequently refers to Bond as "007", rather than by his name. Despite the great annoyance Bond causes Q on many occasions, there is always a sense that they certainly get on well and have great respect for one another.
The growing respect is also evident in GoldenEye when Q shares a joke with Bond for the first time, and when in The World Is Not Enough he reveals his plan to retire, Bond is saddened at the prospect, and Q signs off with his famous "Now pay attention, 007," and then offers some words of advice;

Q: "I've always tried to teach you two things: First, never let them see you bleed;"
Bond: "And second?"
Q: "Always have an escape plan" — before he is lowered out of view.
This was the final film appearance of Desmond Llewelyn as Q in the James Bond series, although he would revive the role once again as Q in a Heineken commercial, a TV cross-promotion for The World Is Not Enough. Llewellyn died in a car crash just weeks after the film's release.
Featured in
From Russia with Love (1963)
Goldfinger (1964)
Thunderball (1965)
You Only Live Twice (1967)
On Her Majesty's Secret Service (1969)
Diamonds Are Forever (1971)
The Man with the Golden Gun (1974)
The Spy Who Loved Me (1977)
Moonraker (1979)
For Your Eyes Only (1981)
Octopussy (1983)
A View to a Kill (1985)
The Living Daylights (1987)
Licence to Kill (1989)
GoldenEye (1995)
Tomorrow Never Dies (1997)
The World Is Not Enough (1999)
Llewelyn also portrays Q in the Eon Productions-produced 1967 TV special Welcome to Japan, Mr. Bond, as well as portraying Q in the documentary Highly Classified: The World of 007, which is included on the Tomorrow Never Dies Ultimate Edition DVD. Llewelyn's likeness was also used to portray the Q character in 2005's video game 007: From Russia With Love, though the voice of Q was portrayed by Phil Proctor. Llewelyn appeared in more Bond films—seventeen—than any other actor to date.
John Cleese: 2002[edit]
In The World Is Not Enough an assistant to Q was introduced, played by John Cleese. His real name has yet to be revealed, but he is initially credited as R in The World Is Not Enough, stemming from a joke in which Bond asks the elder Q: "If you're Q, does that make him R?"
Between films, Cleese was still referred to as "R" in the video games The World is Not Enough (2000), 007 Racing (2000) and Agent Under Fire (2001), though not all of the video games are canonical. He was officially referred to as "Q" in Die Another Day (2002) following actor Llewelyn's death in 1999. In 2004, Cleese was featured as Q in the video game James Bond 007: Everything or Nothing.
Initially portrayed as rather clumsy, R then became more self-assured and more in the style of his predecessor. They both shared the same attitude towards their professional work, requesting that Bond be more careful in the testing laboratories and return his equipment intact. In Die Another Day, Bond at first refers to R as "Quartermaster" but, silently impressed by the gadgets he is given, calls him "Q" at the end of their meeting. (The Die Another Day DVD reveals that Bond initially saw R as an 'interloper', only awarding the proper title of 'Q' after R has proven himself.)
According to an interview on the Die Another Day DVD, Pierce Brosnan was very glad to rename Cleese's character 'Q', rather than 'R', because his native Irish accent made it difficult to pronounce 'R' with a convincing English accent.
In the 007 game, Everything or Nothing, Cleese's Q has an assistant, Miss Nagai, portrayed by Misaki Ito.
Featured in Films:
The World Is Not Enough (1999) (as R)
Die Another Day (2002) (as Q)
Games:
The World Is Not Enough (2000) (as R)
007 Racing (2000) (as R)
Agent Under Fire (2001) (as R) Originally Cleese was to provide his likeness and voice for the character of R, and the production footage release contained Cleese.[6] However, due to copyright issues, Cleese's image was replaced.
Everything or Nothing (2004)
007 Scene It (board game)
In the 2010 video game 007: Blood Stone, Major Boothroyd is not seen, but it is mentioned that Bill Tanner works for Q Branch.[7]
Ben Whishaw: 2012–[edit]



Ben Whishaw as Q in Skyfall
The character of Q did not appear in 2006's Casino Royale nor its sequel, Quantum of Solace (2008). Bond actor Daniel Craig expressed concern over the character's absence, and expressed his hope that Q would return in Skyfall.[8] In November 2011, it was announced that British actor Ben Whishaw had been cast in the role.[9] Whishaw, aged 31 as of 2012, became the youngest actor to play the role. In Skyfall, Q's gadgets were comparatively simple, consisting of a miniaturised radio and a gun coded to Bond's palmprint so only Bond could fire it. Q is demonstrated to be highly knowledgeable on the subject of computer security to the point where he designed some of the most sophisticated security protocols in existence. He shows disdain for field agents, believing their particular skill sets to be secondary to his own, but does acknowledge their usefulness under certain circumstances. However, he is also somewhat short-sighted; while engrossed in the puzzle of a security system set up by Raoul Silva, the film's villain, he is unaware that he is inadvertently facilitating Silva's escape from MI6 custody until Silva escapes.
Non-Eon films[edit]
Geoffrey Bayldon: 1967[edit]
In the 1967 version of Casino Royale, Q is portrayed by Geoffrey Bayldon, but instead of outfitting James Bond, he provides gadgets for Evelyn Tremble (who is portrayed by Peter Sellers). In the film, Q is assisted by Fordyce (John Wells).
Featured in
Casino Royale (1967)
Alec McCowen: 1983[edit]
In the 1983 film Never Say Never Again, Q Branch is headed by a man (played by Alec McCowen) referred to by Bond as "Algernon" and "Algy", though his opening line is "Nice to know old Q can still surprise you 00s." In the closing credits, he is named as "Q Algy". Q Branch itself is depicted as underfunded and ramshackle compared to the high-tech surroundings of the Eon films. He also has a very different attitude to other Q's, by commenting that it had been very dull without Bond, and now that he is back, hopes that there will be "plenty of gratuitous sex and violence".
Featured in
Never Say Never Again (1983)
See also[edit]
List of James Bond allies
List of James Bond firearms
Further reading[edit]
Robert Wallace and H. Keith Melton, with Henry R. Schlesinger, Spycraft: The Secret History of the CIA's Spytechs, from Communism to al-Qaeda, New York, Dutton, 2008. ISBN 0-525-94980-1
References[edit]
1.Jump up ^ Griswold, John (2006). Ian Fleming's James Bond: Annotations And Chronologies for Ian Fleming's Bond Stories. AuthorHouse. pp. 25–26. ISBN 978-1-4259-3100-1.
2.Jump up ^ "Careful Carruthers That Paper Clip Is Loaded". New Scientist. 14 August 1993. Retrieved 2 May 2012.
3.Jump up ^ Macintyre, Ben (5 April 2008). "Was Ian Fleming the real 007?". The Times. Retrieved 8 April 2008.
4.Jump up ^ "Desmond Llewelyn". Follyfoot-tv.co.uk. 19 December 1999. Retrieved 2 May 2012.
5.Jump up ^ Chapman 2000, p. 293.
6.Jump up ^ http://www.dailyllama.com/news/2003/llama202.html
7.Jump up ^ "007: Blood Stone - Review - by Sean Colleli". GamingNexus.com. 6 December 2010. Retrieved 2 May 2012.
8.Jump up ^ "Daniel Craig talks about the future of JAMES BOND". Collider.com. Retrieved 2 May 2012.
9.Jump up ^ "Ben Whishaw cast as Q in new James Bond film Skyfall". BBC Online (BBC). 26 November. Retrieved 26 November 2011.


[hide]
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James Bond characters


James Bond: literary character • film character


Allies


recurring
Felix Leiter ·
 M ·
 Miss Moneypenny ·
 Q ·
 Bill Tanner ·
 Other 00 agents
 


Girls


by novel
Honeychile Rider ·
 Vesper Lynd ·
 Tatiana Romanova ·
 Tiffany Case ·
 Pussy Galore ·
 Judy Havelock ·
 Domino Vitali ·
 Teresa di Vicenzo ·
 Kissy Suzuki
 

by film
Honey Ryder ·
 Tatiana Romanova ·
 Pussy Galore ·
 Domino Derval ·
 Aki ·
 Kissy Suzuki ·
 Teresa di Vicenzo ·
 Tiffany Case ·
 Anya Amasova ·
 Melina Havelock ·
 Octopussy ·
 Stacey Sutton ·
 Natalya Simonova ·
 Wai Lin ·
 Vesper Lynd ·
 Camille Montes
 


Villains and
henchmen


by novel
Le Chiffre ·
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 Dr. No ·
 Oddjob ·
 Auric Goldfinger ·
 Emilio Largo ·
 Ernst Stavro Blofeld ·
 Mr. Wint and Mr. Kidd ·
 Francisco Scaramanga
 

by film
Julius No ·
 Rosa Klebb ·
 Auric Goldfinger ·
 Oddjob ·
 Pussy Galore ·
 Emilio Largo ·
 Ernst Stavro Blofeld ·
 Mr. Wint and Mr. Kidd ·
 Francisco Scaramanga ·
 Jaws ·
 Hugo Drax ·
 Max Zorin ·
 Brad Whitaker ·
 Necros ·
 Xenia Onatopp ·
 Le Chiffre
 

organisations
SPECTRE ·
 SMERSH ·
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Fictional scientists
Fictional inventors
Fictional characters introduced in 1958
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Miss Moneypenny
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to: navigation, search

"Moneypenny" redirects here. For other uses, see Moneypenny (disambiguation).

Miss Moneypenny
Character from the James Bond series
Miss Moneypenny by Lois Maxwell.jpg
Miss Moneypenny from the film series, pictured played by Lois Maxwell.

Affiliation
MI6
Portrayed by
Lois Maxwell (1962–85)
Barbara Bouchet (1967)
Pamela Salem (1983)
Caroline Bliss (1987–89)
Samantha Bond (1995–2002)
Naomie Harris (2012–)
Role
Ally
Miss Moneypenny is a fictional character in the James Bond novels and films. She is secretary to M, who is Bond's boss and head of the British Secret Service (MI6). Although she has a small part in most of the films, it is always highlighted by the underscored romantic tension between her and Bond (something that is virtually nonexistent in Ian Fleming's novels, though somewhat more apparent in the Bond novels of John Gardner and Raymond Benson). On that note, she is not always considered to be a Bond girl, having never had anything more than a professional relationship with Bond, to her dismay.
Although not given a first name by Fleming, the character was given the name Jane in the spin-off series of books, The Moneypenny Diaries; she was subsequently named Eve in the twenty-third Eon Productions Bond film Skyfall, where the character spent time as a field agent before becoming secretary to M. According to the film You Only Live Twice, she holds the rank of second officer in the Women's Royal Naval Service.


Contents  [hide]
1 Background
2 Summary
3 Role
4 The Moneypenny Diaries
5 Films 5.1 Eon Productions series
5.2 Non-Eon films
5.3 Other appearances
6 See also
7 Notes

Background[edit]
In Ian Fleming's first draft of Casino Royale, Moneypenny's name was originally "Miss 'Petty' Pettaval", which was taken from Kathleen Pettigrew, the personal assistant to MI6 director Stewart Menzies. Fleming changed it to be less obvious.[1] Other candidates for Moneypenny's inspiration include Vera Atkins of Special Operations Executive;[2] Paddy Ridsdale, a Naval Intelligence secretary;[1]; Joan Bright Astley, whom Fleming dated during World War II, and who was noted for giving a warm and friendly reception to senior officers who visited her office to view confidential papers [3] and Joan Howe, Fleming's red-haired secretary at The Times who had typed the manuscript of Casino Royale. [4] The BBC has used the term "Fleming's Miss Moneypenny" when referring to Jean Frampton, who typed out the manuscripts for Fleming's later works and made plot suggestions to him, even though the two never met.[5][6]
Summary[edit]

Question book-new.svg
 This section does not cite any references or sources. Please help improve this section by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. (May 2013)
Miss Moneypenny is the private secretary of M, the head of MI6. She holds the rank of Lieutenant RN, which is a prerequisite rank for this position. She is cleared for Top-Secret, Eyes-Only and Cabinet-Level intelligence reports, the latter of which she is often required to prepare, and in some cases present.
M's personal assistant is utterly dedicated to her work, which means she has little time for a social life. A close confidante of her boss, she also enjoys a flirtatious—though never consummated—relationship with James Bond, whom she understands perfectly.
Moneypenny was never given any backstory until the 2012 film Skyfall, when she was re-introduced to the series following the 2006 reboot of the series' continuity. Moneypenny, now played by Naomie Harris, is originally a field agent assigned to work with Bond on an operation in Turkey. It ends in disaster when she accidentally shoots Bond while he is fighting with a mercenary they are following. She is temporarily suspended over the incident, and reassigned to a desk job, assisting Gareth Mallory, the Chairman of the Intelligence and Security Committee, who has been assigned to watch over MI6. She later meets Bond in Macau and aids in locating an agent of Raoul Silva, the film's villain, before returning to London. While there, she takes part in a gunfight at a public inquiry into MI6. By the end of the film, she decides to retire from fieldwork, instead becoming Mallory's secretary once he takes over the role of M.
Role[edit]



"Of course she's in love with Bond, but she's too much a lady to go chasing after him. So she smiles and bides her time. In a way, you can't blame her. Every woman would like to live dangerously with James Bond, if only for 20 minutes, or half a night..."
Lois Maxwell[7]
In both the Bond novels and films based upon them, Moneypenny is smitten with Bond. For example, in the novel Thunderball, Fleming wrote that she "often dreamed hopelessly about Bond." However, she never explicitly voices these feelings.
Miss Moneypenny's role in Fleming's novels is even smaller than her role in the films. In the novels, Bond also has his own secretary, Loelia Ponsonby and later Mary Goodnight, both of whose lines and relationships were often transferred to Miss Moneypenny for the films. As a rule, Moneypenny generally never directly participates in Bond's missions. However in Skyfall, Moneypenny is an MI6 agent who directly assists Bond in the field before becoming the new M's secretary. In the film Octopussy, Moneypenny has an assistant named Penelope Smallbone, who appears to be equally smitten with Bond, despite a "thorough briefing" on the subject by Moneypenny. Intended as either a foil or a replacement for Moneypenny, Smallbone appeared only that once.
In most of the Bond films, there is a scene, usually Bond's arrival at M's office, in which Bond and Moneypenny exchange witty, flirtatious conversation. ("Flattery will get you nowhere, but don't stop trying.") In the earlier films, these exchanges are more sexually charged, with Bond often kissing or caressing Moneypenny sensually. In Die Another Day she puts on Q's virtual reality glasses and sees Bond walking casually into her room and tossing his hat on the hook. He tells her how much he loves her and knocks everything off her desk and the two start to kiss. Q interrupts her, and she pretends she was using it as a combat simulation.
In the original film version of Casino Royale, actress Barbara Bouchet plays M's current secretary, and explains to Sir James Bond (played by David Niven) upon their first meeting that she is actually Miss Moneypenny's daughter. She is referred to thereafter, and in the closing credits, as Moneypenny.
Since the character's first appearance in Casino Royale, neither Fleming nor any succeeding Bond novelist gave Moneypenny a first name. In a number of books and at least one film, Bond refers to her by the nickname "Penny" (a shortened version of her last name). However, The Moneypenny Diaries gives her first name as Jane, while in Skyfall, the character is named Eve.
After Lois Maxwell's death, Roger Moore recalled that she would have liked to have seen Moneypenny become the new M after Moore's retirement. She had suggested herself for the role of M but had been turned down. "I think it was a great disappointment to her that she had not been promoted to play M. She would have been a wonderful M."[8]
The Moneypenny Diaries[edit]
Further information: The Moneypenny Diaries
On 10 October 2005, John Murray published The Moneypenny Diaries: Guardian Angel, the first of three Ian Fleming Publications' sanctioned novels written by Samantha Weinberg under the pseudonym Kate Westbrook from the point of view of Miss Moneypenny. The rest of the The Moneypenny Diaries trilogy was released over the next three years.
Films[edit]
Moneypenny has been played by six different actresses in the Bond films—four in the Eon film series, plus two in the non-Eon films.





Lois Maxwell in Thunderball



Caroline Bliss in The Living Daylights



Samantha Bond in Tomorrow Never Dies



Naomie Harris in Skyfall
Eon Productions series[edit]
Lois Maxwell1.Dr. No (1962)
2.From Russia with Love (1963)
3.Goldfinger (1964)
4.Thunderball (1965)
5.You Only Live Twice (1967)
6.On Her Majesty's Secret Service (1969)
7.Diamonds Are Forever (1971)
8.Live and Let Die (1973)
9.The Man with the Golden Gun (1974)
10.The Spy Who Loved Me (1977)
11.Moonraker (1979)
12.For Your Eyes Only (1981)
13.Octopussy (1983)
14.A View to a Kill (1985)
Caroline Bliss1.The Living Daylights (1987)
2.Licence to Kill (1989)
Samantha Bond1.GoldenEye (1995)
2.Tomorrow Never Dies (1997)
3.The World Is Not Enough (1999)
4.Die Another Day (2002)
Naomie Harris1.Skyfall (2012)[9]
Non-Eon films[edit]



Barbara Bouchet in Casino RoyaleBarbara Bouchet1.Casino Royale (1967) (Bouchet actually plays Moneypenny's daughter)
Pamela Salem1.Never Say Never Again (1983)
Other appearances[edit]
Lois Maxwell portrays Moneypenny in the 1967 TV special Welcome to Japan, Mr. Bond, which was produced by Eon Productions.[10]
Lois Maxwell played herself in the 1967 Italian film OK Connery and played Miss Moneypenny in the 1975 French film Bons baisers de Hong Kong.
Samantha Bond took up the role again in an advertisement for London's (ultimately successful) Olympic bid. She appeared alongside Roger Moore, who played 007 between 1973 and 1985.[11]
In the 2005 video game From Russia with Love, Moneypenny appears with Lois Maxwell's likeness in the same film. She is voiced by Karly Rothenberg (who also voices Rosa Klebb in the game).[12]
See also[edit]

Portal icon James Bond portal
List of James Bond allies
Notes[edit]
1.^ Jump up to: a b Macintyre, Ben (5 April 2008). "Was Ian Fleming the real 007?". The Times. Retrieved 8 March 2011.
2.Jump up ^ Steyn, Mark (15 October 2007). "Miss Moneypenny is forever". Macleans.
3.Jump up ^ "Obituary". The Independent. 28 January 2009.
4.Jump up ^ Maclean, Rory (2012). Gift of Time. London: Constable & Robinson. ISBN 978-1-84901-857-9.
5.Jump up ^ Salkeld, Luke (25 March 2008). "Revealed: The letters that show how Ian Fleming called on his REAL Miss Moneypenny to bring James Bond up to scratch". The Daily Mail (London). Retrieved 11 May 2012.
6.Jump up ^ "Fleming letters raise thousands". BBC News (London). 11 April 2008. Retrieved 11 May 2012.
7.Jump up ^ Roger Ebert (18 June 1967). "Interview with Lois Maxwell". Chicago Sun-Times. Retrieved 3 August 2011.
8.Jump up ^ "Bond star Lois Maxwell dies at 80". BBC News (London). 30 September 2007. Retrieved 11 May 2012.
9.Jump up ^ "'Skyfall' director Sam Mendes addresses racial profiling of Bond films". Electronic Urban Report. 18 October 2012. Retrieved 24 October 2012.
10.Jump up ^ "From Kent, With Love". 007 Magazine.
11.Jump up ^ "The Official London 2012 Olympics Film.'Sport at Heart'". YouTube. 19 December 2011. Retrieved 6 July 2012.
12.Jump up ^ Karly Rothenberg – Voice Artist Interview MI6.co.uk, 26 March 2008.


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M (James Bond)
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M
James Bond character
First appearance
Casino Royale (1953)
Last appearance
Skyfall (2012)
Created by
Ian Fleming
Portrayed by
Bernard Lee (1962–1979)
John Huston (1967)
David Niven (1967)
Robert Brown (1983–1989)
Edward Fox (1983)
Judi Dench (1995–2012)
Ralph Fiennes (2012–)
Information

Aliases
M
Occupation
Head of Secret Service / MI6
Nationality
British
M is a fictional character in Ian Fleming's James Bond book and film series; the character is the Head of Secret Intelligence Service—also known as MI6. Fleming based the character on a number of people he knew who commanded sections of British intelligence. M has appeared in the novels by Fleming and seven continuation authors, as well as appearing in twenty-four films. In the Eon Productions series of films, M has been portrayed by four actors: Bernard Lee, Robert Brown, Judi Dench and Ralph Fiennes, the incumbent; in the two independent productions, M was played by John Huston, David Niven and Edward Fox.


Contents  [hide]
1 Background
2 Novels
3 Films 3.1 Eon Productions films 3.1.1 Bernard Lee: 1962–79
3.1.2 Robert Brown: 1983–89
3.1.3 Judi Dench: 1995–2012
3.1.4 Ralph Fiennes: 2012–
3.2 Non-Eon films 3.2.1 John Huston: 1967
3.2.2 David Niven: 1967
3.2.3 Edward Fox: 1983

4 Outside the regular Bond-continuity
5 References
6 Bibliography

Background[edit]



 Rear Admiral John Henry Godfrey, Fleming's superior at the Naval Intelligence Division and a basis for M.
Fleming based much of M's character on Rear Admiral John Godfrey, who was Fleming's superior at the Naval Intelligence Division during the Second World War. After Fleming's death, Godfrey complained "He turned me into that unsavoury character, M."[1]
Other possible inspirations include Lieutenant Colonel Sir Claude Dansey, deputy head of MI6 and head of the wartime Z network, who achieved different interpretations of his character from those who knew him: Malcolm Muggeridge thought him "the only professional in MI6",[2] whilst Hugh Trevor-Roper considered Dansey to be "an utter shit, corrupt, incompetent, but with a certain low cunning".[2] A further inspiration for M was Maxwell Knight, head of MI5, who signed his memos as "M" and whom Fleming knew well.[1] The tradition of the head of MI6 signing their name with a single letter came from Mansfield Smith-Cumming, who would sign his initial "C" with green ink.[3]
Another possibility for the model of M was William Melville, an Irishman who became head of the Secret Service Bureau, the forerunner to both MI5 and MI6: Melville was referred to within government circles as M.[4] Melville recruited Sidney Reilly into government service and foiled an assassination plot against Queen Victoria on her 1887 Golden Jubilee.[5] Fleming's biographer John Pearson also hypothesised that Fleming's characterisation of M reflects memories of his mother:



There is reason for thinking that a more telling lead to the real identity of M lies in the fact that as a boy Fleming often called his mother M. ... While Fleming was young, his mother was certainly one of the few people he was frightened of, and her sternness toward him, her unexplained demands, and her remorseless insistence on success find a curious and constant echo in the way M handles that hard-ridden, hard-killing agent, 007.
John Pearson, The Life of Ian Fleming[6]
Novels[edit]
Fleming's third Bond novel, Moonraker, establishes M's initials as "M**** M*******"[7] and his first name is subsequently revealed to be Miles. In the final novel of the series, The Man with the Golden Gun, M's full identity is revealed as Vice Admiral Sir Miles Messervy KCMG;[8] Messervy had been appointed to head of MI6 after his predecessor had been assassinated at his desk.[9]
A naval theme runs throughout Fleming's description of M and his surroundings, and his character was described by journalist and Bond scholar Ben Macintyre as "every inch the naval martinet".[8] Macintyre also notes that in his study of Fleming's work, Kingsley Amis outlined the way Fleming had described M's voice, being: angry (three times); brutal, cold (seven times); curt, dry (five times); gruff (seven times); stern, testy (five times).[10]
Over the course of twelve novels and two collections of short stories, Fleming provided a number of details relating to M's background and character. In On Her Majesty's Secret Service it is revealed that M's pay as head of the Secret Service is £6,500 a year, (£118,758 in 2014 pounds[11]) £1,500 of which comes from retired naval pay.[12] Although his pay is good for the 1950s and 1960s, it is never explained how M received or can afford his membership at Blades, an upscale private club for gentlemen he frequents in London to gamble and dine. Blades has a restricted membership of only 200 gentlemen and all must be able to show £100,000 (£1,827,046 in 2014 pounds[11]) in cash or gilt-edged securities.[13] Kingsley Amis noted in his study, The James Bond Dossier, that on M's salary his membership of the club would have been puzzling.[12] As a personal favour to M, the staff at Blades keeps a supply of cheap red wine from Algeria on hand but does not include it on the wine list. M refers to it as "Infuriator" and tends only to drink it in moderate quantities unless he is in a very bad mood.[14]
Academic Paul Stock argues that M's office is a metonym for England and a stable point from which Bond departs on a mission, whilst he sees M as being an iconic representative of England and Englishness.[15]
In the first post-Fleming book, Colonel Sun, M is kidnapped from Quarterdeck, his home, and Bond goes to great lengths to rescue him.[16] The later continuation books, written by John Gardner, retain Sir Miles Messervy as M, who protects Bond from the new, less aggressive climate in the Secret Service, saying that at some point Britain will need "a blunt instrument".[17] In Gardner's final novel, COLD, M is kidnapped and rescued by Bond and finishes the book by retiring from MI6.[18] Continuation Bond author Raymond Benson's 1998 novel The Facts of Death continued Messervy's retirement, where he still resides in Quarterdeck.[19] The book also introduces a new M, Barbara Mawdsley.[20]
Films[edit]
Eon Productions films[edit]
Bernard Lee: 1962–79[edit]

M (Admiral Sir Miles Messervy)
Character from the James Bond series
Bernard lee.jpg
Affiliation
MI7/MI6
Portrayed by
Bernard Lee
M was played by Bernard Lee from the first Bond film, Dr. No, until Moonraker (1979).[21] In Dr. No, M refers to his record of reducing the number of operative casualties since taking the job, implying someone else held the job recently before him. The film also saw M refer to himself as head of MI7; Lee had originally said MI6, but was overdubbed with the name MI7 prior to the film's release. Earlier in the film, the department had been referred to as MI6 by a radio operator.[22]
A number of Bond scholars have noted the Lee's interpretation of the character was in line with the original literary representation; Cork and Stutz observed that Lee was "very close to Fleming's version of the character",[23] whilst Rubin commented on the serious, efficient, no-nonsense authority figure.[24] Smith and Lavington, meanwhile, remarked that Lee was "the very incarnation of Fleming's crusty admiral."[25]
Lee died of cancer in January 1981, four months into the filming of For Your Eyes Only and before any of his scenes could be filmed.[26] Out of respect, no new actor was hired to assume the role and, instead, the script was re-written so that the character is said to be on leave, with his lines given to either his Chief of Staff Bill Tanner or the Minister of Defence, Sir Fredrick Gray.[27] Later films referred to Lee's tenure as head of the service, with a painting of him as M in MI6's Scottish headquarters during the 1999 instalment The World Is Not Enough.[23]
Featured in
Dr. No (1962)
From Russia with Love (1963)
Goldfinger (1964)
Thunderball (1965)
You Only Live Twice (1967)
On Her Majesty's Secret Service (1969)
 Diamonds Are Forever (1971)
Live and Let Die (1973)
The Man with the Golden Gun (1974)
The Spy Who Loved Me (1977)
Moonraker (1979)

The likeness of Lee was used in the 2005 James Bond video game adaptation of From Russia With Love for the role of M by EA Games.[28]
Robert Brown: 1983–89[edit]

M (Admiral Hargreaves)
Character from the James Bond series
Robert brown.jpg
Affiliation
MI6
Portrayed by
Robert Brown
After Lee's death in 1981, the producers hired actor Robert Brown to play M in Octopussy. Brown had previously played Admiral Hargreaves, flag officer of submarines, in the 1977 film, The Spy Who Loved Me. Bond scholars Steven Jay Rubin, John Cork, and Collin Stutz all consider Admiral Hargreaves would have been promoted to the role of M, rather than Brown playing a different character as M.[29][30]
Pfeiffer and Worrall considered that whilst Brown looks perfect, the role had been softened from that of Lee;[31] they also considered him "far too avuncular",[32] although in Licence to Kill they remarked that he came across as being very effective as he removed Bond's double-0 licence.[33] Continuation author Raymond Benson agrees, noting that the M role was "once again under written, and Brown is not allowed the opportunity to explore and reveal his character traits";[34] Benson also considered the character to be "too nice".[35]
Featured in
The Spy Who Loved Me (1977)—although not in the role of M
Octopussy (1983)
A View to a Kill (1985)
The Living Daylights (1987)
Licence to Kill (1989)

Judi Dench: 1995–2012[edit]

M
Character from the James Bond series
M by Judi Dench.jpg
Affiliation
MI6
Portrayed by
Judi Dench
After the long period between Licence to Kill and GoldenEye, the producers brought in Dame Judi Dench to take over as the new M. The character is based on Stella Rimington, the real-life head of MI5 between 1992 and 1996.[36][37] For GoldenEye, M is cold, blunt and initially dislikes Bond, whom she calls a "sexist, misogynist dinosaur, a relic of the Cold War."[38] Tanner, her Chief of Staff, refers to her during the film as "the Evil Queen of Numbers", given her reputation at that stage for relying on statistics and analysis rather than impulse and initiative.[39]
Dench continued playing M for the 2006 film Casino Royale, which rebooted the series with Daniel Craig playing Bond. In this new continuity, M has worked for MI6 for some time, at one point muttering, "Christ, I miss the Cold War".[40] According to Skyfall, M was previously in charge of MI6's operations in Hong Kong during the 1990s. Her ability to run the Secret Intelligence Service has been questioned several times; in Casino Royale, she was the subject of a review when Bond was caught shooting an unarmed prisoner and blowing up a foreign embassy on camera; in Quantum of Solace, the Foreign Secretary ordered her to personally withdraw Bond from the field in Bolivia and to stop any investigations into Dominic Greene, the villain of the film; and in Skyfall, she is the subject of a public inquiry when MI6 loses a computer hard drive containing the identities of undercover agents around the world.[41] Skyfall marks Dench's final appearance as M. Her character becomes the target of the film's villain, Raoul Silva, over a perceived betrayal. She is shot and killed during the climax of the film, making her the only M to be killed in the Eon Bond films.
There have also been brief references to M's family:[42] in GoldenEye, she responds to Tanner's "Evil Queen of Numbers" jibe by telling him that when she wants to hear sarcasm she will listen to her children.[43] Quantum of Solace director Marc Forster suggested that Dench's casting gave the character maternal overtones in her relationship with Bond,[44] overtones made overt in Skyfall, in which Silva repeatedly refers to her as "Mother" and "Mommy" [sic].[45] In Skyfall she is also revealed to be a widow.
Unlike the M played by other actors, Dench's character was never referred to by name on-screen. However, a prop from the final scene of Skyfall, where M bequeaths some of her possessions to Bond following her death, revealed that her character was given the name "Olivia Mansfield".[46] As the character was never directly referred to by this name, its canonicity is unresolved.[47]
Featured in
GoldenEye (1995)
Tomorrow Never Dies (1997)
The World Is Not Enough (1999)
Die Another Day (2002)
Casino Royale (2006)
Quantum of Solace (2008)
Skyfall (2012)

Dench also appeared in seven James Bond video games:
007: Nightfire[48] (2002)
007: Everything or Nothing[49] (2004)
GoldenEye: Rogue Agent[50] (2004)
Quantum of Solace[51] (2008)
GoldenEye 007[52] (2010)
James Bond 007: Blood Stone[53] (2010)
007 Legends (2012)



Ralph Fiennes: 2012–[edit]

M (Lieutenant Colonel Gareth Mallory)
Character from the James Bond series
Gareth Mallory Profile.png
Affiliation
MI6
Portrayed by
Ralph Fiennes
After the death of Judi Dench's M at the end of Skyfall, she was succeeded by Gareth Mallory, played by Ralph Fiennes. Mallory had been the Chairman of the Intelligence and Security Committee prior to heading up MI6, and is a former lieutenant colonel in the British Army,[54] serving in Northern Ireland with the Special Air Service during the Troubles, where he had been held hostage by the Irish Republican Army for three months.[55]
Featured in
Skyfall (2012)


Non-Eon films[edit]
John Huston: 1967[edit]
The 1967 satire Casino Royale featured not one but two Ms. The first is played by John Huston, who also co-directed.[56] In this film, M's real name is McTarry and he is accidentally killed when, in order to get Bond out of retirement, he orders the military to fire mortars at Bond's mansion when the retired spy refuses to return to duty. The first quarter of the film features Bond's subsequent visit to McTarry Castle in Scotland, on a quest to return the only piece of M's remains recovered after the attack—his bright red toupée.[57]
David Niven: 1967[edit]

M
Character from the James Bond series
Edwardfox.jpg
Affiliation
MI6
Portrayed by
Edward Fox
Role
Ally
Subsequently, Bond—played by David Niven—becomes the new M[58] and proceeds to order that all MI6 agents, male and female, be renamed "James Bond 007" in order to confuse the enemy.[59]
Edward Fox: 1983[edit]
In 1983's Never Say Never Again, Edward Fox played M as a bureaucrat, contemptuous of Bond—far removed from the relationship shared between Bernard Lee's M and Sean Connery's Bond;[60] academic Jeremy Black notes that the contempt felt for the 00 section by Fox's M was reciprocated by Connery's Bond.[38] Fox's M is also younger than any of the previous incarnations.[61] Academic James Chapman notes that whilst M considers Bond to be an out-dated relic, the Foreign Secretary orders the 00 section to be re-activated.[62]
Outside the regular Bond-continuity[edit]
Alan Moore and Kevin O'Neill's The League of Extraordinary Gentlemen comic series establishes that the 1898-era League (led by Mina Murray) was directed by Campion Bond (James Bond's grandfather), who served under a master called M. This M was later revealed to be none other than James Moriarty in disguise, using the League to win a gang war against Fu Manchu. After the death of Moriarty, Sherlock Holmes's older brother Mycroft Holmes assumed the role of M.[63] In the sequel volume The Black Dossier, set during a moribund and dystopian 1950s post-war Britain, the head of the British secret service, M, is Harry Lime, from Graham Greene's The Third Man.[64] In the final volume of Century, spanning from 1910 to 2009, the M of 2009 is an elderly Emma Peel from The Avengers.[65]
In the 2003 film adaptation of the series, M is played by Richard Roxburgh (who has also played Sherlock Holmes), and the character's nemesis is played by former Bond actor Sean Connery.[66]
References[edit]
1.^ Jump up to: a b Macintyre, Ben (5 April 2008). "Bond – the real Bond". The Times. p. 36.
2.^ Jump up to: a b Macintyre 2008, p. 78.
3.Jump up ^ Macintyre 2008, p. 77.
4.Jump up ^ Sharrock, David (2 July 2007). "M: Britain's first spymaster was an Irishman who played patriot game". The Times. p. 39.
5.Jump up ^ Macintyre 2008, p. 81.
6.Jump up ^ Pearson 1966, p. 235.
7.Jump up ^ West 2010, p. 142.
8.^ Jump up to: a b Macintyre 2008, p. 74.
9.Jump up ^ Griswold 2006, p. 47.
10.Jump up ^ Amis 1966, p. 75.
11.^ Jump up to: a b UK CPI inflation numbers based on data available from Gregory Clark (2014), "What Were the British Earnings and Prices Then? (New Series)" MeasuringWorth.
12.^ Jump up to: a b Amis 1966, p. 39.
13.Jump up ^ Comentale, Watt & Willman 2005, p. 153.
14.Jump up ^ Lejeune 1979, p. 63.
15.Jump up ^ Stock 2009, p. 251.
16.Jump up ^ Lane & Simpson 2002, p. 65.
17.Jump up ^ Lane & Simpson 2002, p. 71.
18.Jump up ^ Simpson 2002, p. 61.
19.Jump up ^ Simpson 2002, p. 63.
20.Jump up ^ Lane & Simpson 2002, p. 81.
21.Jump up ^ Rubin 2003, p. 256.
22.Jump up ^ Smith & Lavington 2002, p. 11.
23.^ Jump up to: a b Cork & Stutz 2007, p. 154.
24.Jump up ^ Rubin 2003, p. 227-228.
25.Jump up ^ Smith & Lavington 2002, p. 15.
26.Jump up ^ "Obituary: Mr Bernard Lee". The Times. 19 January 1981. p. 12.
27.Jump up ^ Pfeiffer & Worrall 1998, p. 98.
28.Jump up ^ "From Russia With Love Tech Info". CBS Interactive Inc. Retrieved 30 January 2012.
29.Jump up ^ Cork & Stutz 2007, p. 154-155.
30.Jump up ^ Rubin 2003, p. 178.
31.Jump up ^ Pfeiffer & Worrall 1998, p. 136.
32.Jump up ^ Pfeiffer & Worrall 1998, p. 155.
33.Jump up ^ Pfeiffer & Worrall 1998, p. 165.
34.Jump up ^ Benson 1988, p. 236-137.
35.Jump up ^ Benson 1988, p. 137.
36.Jump up ^ West 2010, p. 45.
37.Jump up ^ Rimington 2008, p. 244.
38.^ Jump up to: a b Black 2005, p. 100.
39.Jump up ^ Pfeiffer & Worrall 1998, p. 174.
40.Jump up ^ McKay 2008, p. 353.
41.Jump up ^ Miller, Henry K. (26 October 2012). "Film of the week: Skyfall". Sight & Sound. British Film Institute. Retrieved 30 October 2012.
42.Jump up ^ Jütting 2007, p. 91.
43.Jump up ^ Simpson 2002, p. 22.
44.Jump up ^ Nathan, Ian (October 2008). "Quantum's Leap". Empire. p. 87.
45.Jump up ^ James, Caryn (11 November 2012). "Skyfall: Bond Is Older, Wiser, Better". The Huffington Post. Retrieved 12 November 2012.
46.Jump up ^ Ellery, Ben (5 May 2013). "M's real name uncovered: 007 fan discovers James Bond's boss is called Olivia Mansfield". The Mail on Sunday. Retrieved 5 May 2013.
47.Jump up ^ Mortimer, Ben (21 February 2013). "The Level of Detail in Skyfall's Props". ComingSoon.net. Retrieved 23 February 2013.
48.Jump up ^ Lindner 2009, p. 323.
49.Jump up ^ "James Bond 007: Everything or Nothing Review". James Bond 007: Everything or Nothing Xbox. IGN Entertainment. 18 February 2004. Retrieved 30 January 2012.
50.Jump up ^ "GoldenEye: Rogue Agent". GoldenEye: Rogue Agent PlayStation 2. IGN Entertainment. 22 November 2004. Retrieved 30 January 2012.
51.Jump up ^ East, Tom (4 November 2008). "Making Of Quantum Of Solace". Nintendo magazine. Future plc. Retrieved 30 January 2012.
52.Jump up ^ "E3 2010: GoldenEye Reimagined for Wii". GoldenEye 007 Wii. IGN Entertainment. 15 June 2010. Retrieved 30 January 2012.
53.Jump up ^ "James Bond 007: Blood Stone Review". James Bond 007: Blood Stone Xbox 360. IGN Entertainment. 2 November 2010. Retrieved 30 January 2012.
54.Jump up ^ Pande, Sophia (9 November 2012). "Skyfall". Nepali Times (Kathmandu). Retrieved 17 November 2012.
55.Jump up ^ French, Philip (28 October 2012). "Skyfall – review". The Observer (London). p. 32.
56.Jump up ^ "Casino Royale (1967)". Allrovi. Rovi Corporation. Retrieved 30 January 2012.
57.Jump up ^ Rubin 2003, p. 187.
58.Jump up ^ Rubin 2003, p. 44.
59.Jump up ^ Chapman 2009, p. 107.
60.Jump up ^ Rubin 2003, p. 148.
61.Jump up ^ Benson 1988, p. 341.
62.Jump up ^ Chapman 2009, p. 186.
63.Jump up ^ Morrison 2011, p. 367.
64.Jump up ^ Vice magazine 2011.
65.Jump up ^ ""The League of Extraordinary Gentlemen: Century 1999" Review". The Comics Journal. 6 July 2012. Retrieved 2 November 2012.
66.Jump up ^ Kerr, Philip (27 October 2003). "In a league of its own". New Statesman. Archived from the original on 6 September 2008. Retrieved 30 January 2012.
Bibliography[edit]
Amis, Kingsley (1966). The James Bond Dossier. London: Pan Books. OCLC 752401390.
Benson, Raymond (1988). The James Bond Bedside Companion. London: Boxtree Ltd. ISBN 1-85283-234-7.
Black, Jeremy (2005). The politics of James Bond: from Fleming's novel to the big screen. University of Nebraska Press. ISBN 978-0-8032-6240-9.
Chapman, James (2009). Licence to Thrill: A cultural history of the James Bond films. New York: I.B. Tauris. ISBN 978-1-84511-515-9.
Comentale, Edward P; Watt, Stephen; Willman, Skip (2005). Ian Fleming & James Bond: the cultural politics of 007. Indiana University Press. ISBN 978-0-253-21743-1.
Cork, John; Stutz, Collin (2007). James Bond encyclopedia. London: Dorling Kindersley. ISBN 978-1-4053-3427-3.
Griswold, John (2006). Ian Fleming's James Bond: annotations and chronologies for Ian Fleming's Bond stories. AuthorHouse. ISBN 1-4259-3100-6.
Jütting, Kerstin (2007). "Grow Up, 007!" – James Bond over the decades: formula vs. innovation. GRIN Verlag. ISBN 978-3-638-85372-9.
Lane, Andy; Simpson, Paul (2002). The Bond Files: An Unofficial Guide to the World's Greatest Secret Agent. London: Virgin Books. ISBN 978-0-7535-0712-4.
Lejeune, Anthony (1979). The gentlemen's clubs of London. London: Mayflower Books. ISBN 978-0-8317-3800-6.
Lindner, Christoph (2009). The James Bond Phenomenon: a Critical Reader. Manchester University Press. ISBN 978-0-7190-6541-5.
Macintyre, Ben (2008). For Your Eyes Only. London: Bloomsbury Publishing. ISBN 978-0-7475-9527-4.
McKay, Sinclair (2008). The man with the golden touch: how the Bond films conquered the world. London: Aurum Press. ISBN 978-1-84513-355-9.
Morrison, Grant (2011). Supergods. London: Random House. ISBN 978-0-224-08996-8.
Pearson, John (1966). The Life of Ian Fleming. London: Pan Books. ISBN 0-330-02082-X.
Pfeiffer, Lee; Worrall, Dave (1998). The essential Bond. London: Boxtree Ltd. ISBN 978-0-7522-2477-0.
Rimington, Stella (2008). Open secret: the autobiography of the former Director-General of MI5. London: Arrow Books. ISBN 978-0-09-943672-0.
Rubin, Steven Jay (2003). The complete James Bond movie encyclopedia. New York: McGraw-Hill. ISBN 0-07-141246-8.
Simpson, Paul (2002). The rough guide to James Bond. Rough Guides. ISBN 978-1-84353-142-5.
Smith, Jim; Lavington, Stephen (2002). Bond films. London: Virgin Books. ISBN 978-0-7535-0709-4.
Stock, Paul (2009). "Dial 'M' for metonym: Universal Exports, M's office space and empire". In Lindner, Christoph. The James Bond Phenomenon: a Critical Reader. Manchester: Manchester University Press. ISBN 978-0-7190-6541-5.
Vice magazine (2011). The World According to Vice. Edinburgh: Canongate Books. ISBN 978-0-85786-024-8.
West, Nigel (2010). Historical dictionary of Ian Fleming's world of intelligence: fact and fiction. Lanham, Maryland: Scarecrow Press. ISBN 978-0-7524-2896-3.


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Felix Leiter
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Felix Leiter
James Bond character
OfficialFelixLeiters.jpg
The many faces of Felix Leiter:
from top-left: Jack Lord, Cec Linder, Rik Van Nutter, Norman Burton
 from bottom-left: David Hedison, John Terry, David Hedison, Jeffrey Wright.

First appearance
Casino Royale (1953)
Last appearance
Carte Blanche (2011)
Created by
Ian Fleming
Portrayed by
Michael Pate (as "Clarence Leiter") (1954)
Jack Lord (1962)
Cec Linder (1964)
Rik Van Nutter (1965)
Norman Burton (1971)
David Hedison (1973 & 1989)
Bernie Casey (1983)
John Terry (1987)
Jeffrey Wright (2006–2008)
Information

Gender
Male
Occupation
CIA operative
DEA agent
Private investigator
Spouse(s)
Della Leiter (nee Churchill) (wife, deceased)
Children
Cedar Leiter (daughter)
Nationality
American
Felix Leiter is a fictional character created by Ian Fleming in the James Bond series. The character is an operative for the CIA and Bond's friend. After losing a leg and his hand to a shark attack, Leiter joined the Pinkerton Detective Agency. The name "Felix" comes from the middle name of Fleming's friend Ivor Bryce, while the name "Leiter" was the surname of Fleming's friend Marion Oates Leiter Charles, then wife of Thomas Leiter.
Leiter also appeared in novels by continuation authors, as well as ten films and one television programme, Casino Royale, where the character became a British agent, Clarence Leiter, played by Michael Pate. In the Eon Productions series of films, Leiter has been portrayed by Jack Lord, Cec Linder, Rik Van Nutter, Norman Burton, David Hedison, John Terry and Jeffrey Wright; in the independent production Never Say Never Again, the part was played by Bernie Casey. Leiter has also appeared in the video game 007 Legends.


Contents  [hide]
1 Novels
2 Television 2.1 Michael Pate: 1954
3 Films 3.1 Eon Productions films 3.1.1 Jack Lord: 1962
3.1.2 Cec Linder: 1964
3.1.3 Rik Van Nutter: 1965
3.1.4 Norman Burton: 1971
3.1.5 David Hedison: 1973 & 1989
3.1.6 John Terry: 1987
3.1.7 Jeffrey Wright: 2006 & 2008
3.2 Non-Eon films 3.2.1 Bernie Casey: 1983

4 Video games
5 See also
6 References
7 Bibliography

Novels[edit]
Felix Leiter, James Bond's CIA ally and friend, played a part in six of the Fleming novels; he is introduced in Casino Royale as being thin, tall, about thirty-five years old[1] and a former member of the U.S. Marine Corps who was working with the Joint Intelligence Staff of NATO.[2] Fleming named the character after two of his American friends: "Felix" was Ivar Bryce's middle name, whilst Tommy Leiter was a mutual friend.[3] Academic Kerstin Jütting describes Leiter as "a cool and quiet no-nonsense character who knows 007's strengths and weaknesses well".[4] Physically, Fleming describes Leiter in Casino Royale: "a mop of straw-coloured hair lent his face a boyish look which closer examination contradicted".[5]
Leiter is Bond's saviour in Casino Royale, providing him with 32 million francs when Bond has been cleaned out by SMERSH paymaster Le Chiffre, calling it "Marshall Aid".[6] Media historian James Chapman notes that Bond's relationship with Leiter represented the Special Relationship between Britain and America, although the American Leiter is in the subordinate position to the British Bond.[7] Academic Jeremy Black agrees, although points out that the Bond and Leiter relationship suggested "a far smoother working of the Anglo-American alliance than was in fact the case."[8] Academic and writer Kingsley Amis, in his exploration of Bond in The James Bond Dossier, considered that this view of Leiter was partly because of Fleming's writing, noting that "Leiter, such a nonentity as a piece of characterization ... he, the American, takes orders from Bond, the Britisher, and that Bond is constantly doing better than he".[9] Bond scholars Bennett and Woollacott note that although the two men share adventures, it is Bond who leads, not Leiter. Leiter's role is to "suppl[y] Bond with technical support and hardware, add ... muscle where needed and money".[10]
Fleming's second novel, Live and Let Die shows that in his early twenties, Leiter wrote a few pieces on Dixieland jazz for the New York Amsterdam News.[2] Bond scholar John Griswold notes that in the original draft of the story, Fleming killed Leiter off in the shark attack;[11] when Naomi Burton, Fleming's US agent with Curtis Brown, protested about the death of the character, Fleming relented and Leiter lived, albeit missing an arm and half a leg.[12] Espionage scholar Rupert Allason, writing as Nigel West, noted that Leiter's involvement in a domestic US matter was a breach of the CIA's charter, as laid out in the National Security Act of 1947.[13]
After the shark attack, Leiter returned in Diamonds Are Forever with a hook for his missing hand and a prosthetic leg; as he had lost his gun hand, he was no longer with the CIA, but employed as a private detective by Pinkerton Detective Agency,[14] although he was on the reserve of the CIA and was recalled for Goldfinger, Thunderball and The Man with the Golden Gun.[15] Fleming had flown to the US in August 1954 to research the background to Diamonds Are Forever; his friend Ernest Cuneo introduced him to a rich socialite, William Woodward, Jr., who drove a Studillac—a Studebaker with a powerful Cadillac engine. According to Bond scholar Henry Chancellor, "the speed and comfort of it impressed Ian, and he shamelessly appropriated this car" for Leiter to drive in the novel.[16]
For the post-Fleming continuation Bond authors, Leiter has also appeared on a periodic basis. After John Gardner took over writing the James Bond novel series, Leiter made an occasional appearance and the novel For Special Services introduces his daughter, Cedar Leiter, who is also a CIA officer (and briefly Bond's romantic conquest).[17] Raymond Benson also included Leiter's character in some of his novels, including The Facts of Death and Doubleshot.[18] Similarly the more recent continuation Bond novels—the 2008 Sebastian Faulks novel Devil May Care and the 2011 novel Carte Blanche by Jeffery Deaver—both contained the character.[19][20]
Television[edit]



Michael Pate: "Clarence Leiter" from the British Secret Service.
Michael Pate: 1954[edit]
The first screen interpretation of the Leiter character was in the 1954 CBS one-hour television adventure Casino Royale, broadcast as part of the dramatic anthology series Climax Mystery Theater, which ran between October 1954 and June 1958.[21] For the American audience the Bond character from Casino Royale was re-cast as an American agent—"Card Sense" Jimmy Bond, played by Barry Nelson—described as working for "Combined Intelligence", supported by the British agent, Clarence Leiter;[22] "thus was the Anglo-American relationship depicted in the book reversed for American consumption", according to Jeremy Black.[23] Leiter, who was an agent for Station S, was a combination of the novel's Felix Leiter and René Mathis[24] and was played by the Australian actor Michael Pate.[25]
Films[edit]
Eon Productions films[edit]
Jack Lord: 1962[edit]
Jack Lord was the first Felix Leiter, appointed into the role for the first Bond film, Dr. No.[26] Eon Productions started filming the series out of the order written by Fleming (Fleming had started with Casino Royale, with Dr. No being the sixth novel). Leiter was not present in the Fleming novel, but the writers added the character to the film.[27] Bond scholars Smith and Lavington consider Leiter to offer negligible help to Bond, largely because there is no role for him in the novel,[28] a point with which continuation Bond author Raymond Benson agrees, noting that he is "extraneous to the dramatic action".[29] Jeremy Black agrees, although points out that the inclusion of Leiter was a sign of American influence in the Caribbean.[30]
Lord played Leiter in a "swaggering" fashion,[31] according to Smith and Lavington, and they considered him "excellent, an effective American version of James Bond."[31] Bond scholars Pfeiffer and Worrall agree, stating that Lord's was "one of the most satisfying portrayals of Leiter".[32]
Featured inDr. No (1962)
Cec Linder: 1964[edit]
When the role of Leiter was brought back for the third Bond film, Goldfinger, in 1964, Lord was again approached to play Leiter; according to screenwriter Richard Maibaum, Lord demanded co-star billing with Connery, a bigger role and more money to reprise the role.[33] The producers instead decided to recast the role, initially with Austin Willis.[34] At the last minute, Cec Linder switched roles with Willis, who played cards with Goldfinger.[34] Linder was the only actor actually on location in Miami.[35] Raymond Benson considers that Linder was "miscast" as Leiter because he looked too old: "he looks like Bond's uncle rather than his best friend."[36]
Featured inGoldfinger (1964)
Rik Van Nutter: 1965[edit]
The fourth film in the Eon series, Thunderball, was the third to portray Leiter and the producers chose a third actor to play the role, Rik Van Nutter. Van Nutter was married to Swedish actress Anita Ekberg at the time and the couple had dined with Cubby and Dana Broccoli after Ekberg had appeared in the Eon-produced Call Me Bwana. Van Nutter was subsequently offered the Leiter role without an audition,[37] although he did have screen tests with some of the Bond girls.[38]
According to Pfeiffer and Worrall, Leiter had a more proactive role in Thunderball and Van Nutter was "an inspired choice for the role".[39] Smith and Lavington agree and consider that Van Nutter's "relaxed and charming performance works well."[40] Benson also concurs, but complains that although Van Nutter is a piece of successful casting, "the script ... does not give the character any real depth".[41]
Featured inThunderball (1965)
Norman Burton: 1971[edit]
For the 1971 instalment, Diamonds Are Forever, Eon chose Norman Burton. Burton's Leiter was more amusing and more exasperated than the previous incarnations of the role.[42]
Raymond Benson again considers that the Leiter role was miscast and considered Burton to be "overweight and too old for the role".[43] Smith and Lavington describe him as "an elderly, portly man in a government-issue suit ... anonymous, orthodox".[44] Pfeiffer and Worrall agree, thinking that Burton was "the least likely incarnation" of Leiter.[45]
Featured inDiamonds Are Forever (1971)
David Hedison: 1973 & 1989[edit]
In 1973 the Bond franchise introduced a new main lead, Roger Moore, who played Bond for the next twelve years in seven films.[46][47] To play the part of Leiter in Live and Let Die, an old friend of Moore's was chosen, David Hedison.[48] Pfeiffer and Worrall consider that this friendship comes through, with "genuine chemistry" between the two.[49] Hedison played the role with an understated charm, although the script did not give Leiter much to do.[49] Raymond Benson thought him miscast, but acknowledged that "he's the best Leiter next to Rik Van Nutter."[50]
Hedison returned to play Leiter sixteen years later in Licence to Kill and after another actor has also been in the role. Hedison did not expect to return to the role, saying "I was sure that ... [Live and Let Die] would be my first – and last"[51] and Glen was reluctant to cast the 61-year old actor, since the role even had a scene parachuting. Hedison was the only actor to play Leiter twice,[52] until Jeffrey Wright appeared in both Casino Royale and Quantum of Solace.[53]
For Licence to Kill, Leiter was working for the DEA[54] and was attacked by a shark, losing a leg in the incident.[55]
Featured inLive and Let Die (1973)
Licence to Kill (1989)
John Terry: 1987[edit]
Following Hedison's first outing in 1973 in Live and Let Die, the Leiter role did not appear again until the 1987 film The Living Daylights, by which time Bond was being played by Timothy Dalton; the role was taken up by John Terry.[56]
Smith and Lavington consider that, although the scene between Bond and Leiter sees warmth in the relationship between them, "it is too fleeting to have any impact".[57] Pfeiffer and Worrall agree on the briefness of Leiter's role in the film, although they consider that Terry has "virtually no chemistry with Dalton".[58]
Featured inThe Living Daylights (1987)
Jeffrey Wright: 2006 & 2008[edit]
Casino Royale rebooted[59] the series, which allowed Leiter to re-appear; he and Bond meet for the first time in the film.[54] He appeared again in Quantum of Solace; early script drafts for Quantum of Solace gave Wright a larger role, but his screen time was restricted by on-set rewrites.[60]
Featured inCasino Royale (2006)
Quantum of Solace (2008)
Non-Eon films[edit]
Bernie Casey: 1983[edit]
In 1983 Kevin McClory, one of the original writers of the novel Thunderball, produced Never Say Never Again, a re-make of the 1965 film Thunderball. McClory's rights to the film were held separate to those of Eon Productions, although he had been one of the producers for the original Thunderball adaptation.[61] The film marked the return of Sean Connery to the Bond role;[62] he spoke with Bernie Casey, saying that as the Leiter role was never remembered by audiences, using a black Leiter might make him more memorable.[63] Smith and Lavington consider Casey to be "the most compelling Felix Leiter since Jack Lord", although again there was little in the script for him to do.[64]
Featured inNever Say Never Again (1983)
Video games[edit]
In the 2012 game 007 Legends, Canadian-American actor Demetri Goritsas provided his likeness and voice for the character of Leiter.[65]
See also[edit]
Jack Wade
Damian Falco
References[edit]
1.Jump up ^ Benson 1988, p. 90.
2.^ Jump up to: a b Griswold 2006, p. 45.
3.Jump up ^ Chancellor 2005, p. 194.
4.Jump up ^ Jütting 2007, p. 110.
5.Jump up ^ Cork & Stutz 2007, p. 152.
6.Jump up ^ Black 2005, p. 6.
7.Jump up ^ Chapman 2009, p. 34.
8.Jump up ^ Black 2005, p. 7.
9.Jump up ^ Amis 1966, p. 90.
10.Jump up ^ Bennett & Woollacott 1987, p. 100.
11.Jump up ^ Griswold 2006, p. 88.
12.Jump up ^ Benson 1988, p. 6.
13.Jump up ^ West 2010, p. 26.
14.Jump up ^ West 2010, p. 170.
15.Jump up ^ West 2010, p. 119.
16.Jump up ^ Chancellor 2005, p. 158.
17.Jump up ^ Simpson 2002, p. 54.
18.Jump up ^ Lane & Simpson 2000, p. 129.
19.Jump up ^ Breen, Jon L. (5 December 2011). "Back on the Job; Familiar faces, contemporary cases". The Weekly Standard.
20.Jump up ^ Kemp, Peter (25 May 2008). "Live and let spy". The Sunday Times (London). p. 4.
21.Jump up ^ Lycett 1996, p. 264.
22.Jump up ^ Benson 1988, p. 11.
23.Jump up ^ Black, Jeremy (Winter 2002–2003). "'Oh, James'". The National Interest (70): 106. ISSN 0884-9382.
24.Jump up ^ Benson 1988, p. 7.
25.Jump up ^ Rubin 2003, p. 230.
26.Jump up ^ Smith & Lavington 2002, p. 9.
27.Jump up ^ Smith & Lavington 2002, p. 19.
28.Jump up ^ Smith & Lavington 2002, p. 11.
29.Jump up ^ Benson 1988, p. 168.
30.Jump up ^ Black 2005, p. 95.
31.^ Jump up to: a b Smith & Lavington 2002, p. 15.
32.Jump up ^ Pfeiffer & Worrall 1998, p. 19.
33.Jump up ^ Goldberg, Lee (March 1983). "The Richard Maibaum Interview". Starlog (68): 26.
34.^ Jump up to: a b Dunbar 2001, p. 49.
35.Jump up ^ Pfeiffer & Worrall 1998, p. 39.
36.Jump up ^ Benson 1988, p. 181.
37.Jump up ^ Smith & Lavington 2002, p. 62.
38.Jump up ^ Rubin 2003, p. 432.
39.Jump up ^ Pfeiffer & Worrall 1998, p. 50.
40.Jump up ^ Smith & Lavington 2002, p. 55.
41.Jump up ^ Benson 1988, p. 186.
42.Jump up ^ Rubin 2003, p. 61.
43.Jump up ^ Benson 1988, p. 205.
44.Jump up ^ Smith & Lavington 2002, p. 106.
45.Jump up ^ Pfeiffer & Worrall 1998, p. 81.
46.Jump up ^ Lipp 2006, p. 186.
47.Jump up ^ Smith & Lavington 2002, p. 128.
48.Jump up ^ Moore 2008, p. 175.
49.^ Jump up to: a b Pfeiffer & Worrall 1998, p. 91.
50.Jump up ^ Benson 1988, p. 210.
51.Jump up ^ "David Hedison Interview". Mi6-HQ.com. 24 June 2005. Retrieved 16 March 2012.
52.Jump up ^ Barnes & Hearn 2001, p. 178.
53.Jump up ^ Siegel, Tatiana; Meza, Ed (2 January 2008). "'Bell' man takes on Bond". Variety.com. Retrieved 16 March 2012.
54.^ Jump up to: a b Cork & Stutz 2007, p. 153.
55.Jump up ^ Pfeiffer & Worrall 1998, p. 164.
56.Jump up ^ Rubin 2003, p. 407.
57.Jump up ^ Smith & Lavington 2002, p. 215.
58.Jump up ^ Pfeiffer & Worrall 1998, p. 155.
59.Jump up ^ Robey, Tim (12 January 2011). "Sam Mendes may have problems directing new James Bond movie". The Daily Telegraph (London). Retrieved 16 March 2012.
60.Jump up ^ "The Secrets of Quantum of Solace". IGN. 5 April 2008. Retrieved 16 March 2012.
61.Jump up ^ Poliakoff, Keith (2000). "License to Copyright - The Ongoing Dispute Over the Ownership of James Bond". Cardozo Arts & Entertainment Law Journal (Benjamin N. Cardozo School of Law) 18: 387–436. Retrieved 13 March 2012.
62.Jump up ^ Smith & Lavington 2002, p. 192.
63.Jump up ^ Benson 1988, p. 243.
64.Jump up ^ Smith & Lavington 2002, p. 195.
65.Jump up ^ Norris, Erik (24 September 2012). "Making 007: Legends, Pt. 3 – From Concept to Reality". CraveOnline. Retrieved 12 November 2012.
Bibliography[edit]
Amis, Kingsley (1966). The James Bond Dossier. London: Pan Books. OCLC 752401390.
Barnes, Alan; Hearn, Marcus (2001). Kiss Kiss Bang! Bang!: the Unofficial James Bond Film Companion. Batsford Books. ISBN 978-0-7134-8182-2.
Bennett, Tony; Woollacott, Janet (1987). Bond and beyond: the political career of a popular hero. Oxford: Macmillan Education. ISBN 978-0-333-28620-3.
Benson, Raymond (1988). The James Bond Bedside Companion. London: Boxtree Ltd. ISBN 978-1-85283-233-9.
Black, Jeremy (2005). The politics of James Bond: from Fleming's novel to the big screen. University of Nebraska Press. ISBN 978-0-8032-6240-9.
Chancellor, Henry (2005). James Bond: The man and his world. London: John Murray. ISBN 978-0-7195-6815-2.
Chapman, James (2009). Licence to Thrill: A cultural history of the James Bond films. New York: I.B. Tauris. ISBN 978-1-84511-515-9.
Cork, John; Stutz, Collin (2007). James Bond encyclopedia. London: Dorling Kindersley. ISBN 978-1-4053-3427-3.
Dunbar, Brian (2001). Goldfinger. London: Longman. ISBN 978-0-582-45249-7.
Griswold, John (2006). Ian Fleming's James Bond: annotations and chronologies for Ian Fleming's Bond stories. AuthorHouse. ISBN 1-4259-3100-6.
Jütting, Kerstin (2007). "Grow Up, 007!" – James Bond over the decades: formula vs. innovation. GRIN Verlag. ISBN 978-3-638-85372-9.
Lane, Andy; Simpson, Paul (2000). The Bond Files: An Unofficial Guide to the World's Greatest Secret Agent. London: Virgin Books. ISBN 978-0-7535-0712-4.
Lipp, Deborah (2006). The Ultimate James Bond Fan Book. New York: Sterling & Ross Publishers. ISBN 978-0-9766372-8-8.
Lycett, Andrew (1996). Ian Fleming. London: Phoenix. ISBN 978-1-85799-783-5.
Moore, Roger (2008). My Word is My Bond. London: Michael O'Mara Books. ISBN 978-1-84317-318-2.
Pfeiffer, Lee; Worrall, Dave (1998). The essential Bond. London: Boxtree Ltd. ISBN 978-0-7522-2477-0.
Rubin, Steven Jay (2003). The complete James Bond movie encyclopedia. New York: McGraw-Hill. ISBN 0-07-141246-8.
Simpson, Paul (2002). The rough guide to James Bond. Rough Guides. ISBN 978-1-84353-142-5.
Smith, Jim; Lavington, Stephen (2002). Bond films. London: Virgin Books. ISBN 978-0-7535-0709-4.
West, Nigel (2010). Historical dictionary of Ian Fleming's world of intelligence: fact and fiction. Lanham, Maryland: Scarecrow Press. ISBN 978-0-7524-2896-3.


[hide]
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Categories: Fictional amputees
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James Bond filmography
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This article is about the character of James Bond as portrayed in the film series. For the character as portrayed in literature, see James Bond (literary character).
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James Bond
'James Bond' character
Dr No trailer.jpg
The gun barrel sequence from the Eon Productions film Dr. No

First appearance
Dr. No, 1962 film
Last appearance
Skyfall, 2012 film
Created by
Ian Fleming
Portrayed by
Sean Connery (1962–1971; 1983)
David Niven (1967)
George Lazenby (1969)
Roger Moore (1973–1985)
Timothy Dalton (1987–1989)
Pierce Brosnan (1995–2002)
Daniel Craig (2006–present)
Information

Gender
Male
Occupation
00 Agent
Title
Commander (Royal Navy)
Spouse(s)
Teresa di Vicenzo (widowed)
Nationality
British
Commander James Bond, CMG, RN—code number 007—is a fictional character created by the British journalist and novelist Ian Fleming in 1952. The character appeared in a series of twelve novels and two short story collections written by Fleming and a number of continuation novels and spin-off works after Fleming's death in 1964. Seven actors have played Bond in 25 films.
Fleming portrayed Bond as a tall, athletic, handsome secret agent in his thirties or forties; he has several vices including drinking, smoking, gambling, automobiles and women. He is an exceptional marksman, and skilled in unarmed combat, skiing, swimming and golf. While Bond kills without hesitation or regret, he usually kills only when carrying out orders, while acting in self-defence and occasionally as revenge.
American actor Barry Nelson was the first to portray Bond on screen, in a 1954 television adaptation, "Casino Royale". In 1961 Eon Productions began work on Dr. No, an adaptation of the novel of the same name. The result was a film that began a series of 23 films that celebrated their fiftieth anniversary in 2012. After considering the likes of 'refined' English actors such as Cary Grant and David Niven, the producers cast Sean Connery as Bond in the film. Fleming was appalled at the selection of the uncouth, 31-year-old Scottish actor, considering him to be the antithesis of his character. However, Connery's physical prowess and sexual magnetism in the role came to be closely identified with the character, with Fleming ultimately changing his view on Connery and incorporating aspects of his portrayal into the books.
Following Connery's portrayal, David Niven, George Lazenby, Roger Moore, Timothy Dalton, Pierce Brosnan and Daniel Craig have assumed the role in twenty-five feature film productions. These screen versions have retained many traits from Fleming's depiction, although some of Bond's less fashionable attitudes have been dropped, such as racism, homophobia, retaining the services of a maid, and in the more recent films, smoking. Despite playing the same character, there have been notable differences among the portrayals. Daniel Craig is the incumbent Bond in the long-running Eon series, and played the part for a third time in the latest film, Skyfall, released in late 2012.


Contents  [hide]
1 Fleming's literary characterisation
2 Films 2.1 Sean Connery: 1962–67, 71 & 83
2.2 David Niven: 1967
2.3 George Lazenby: 1969
2.4 Roger Moore: 1973–85
2.5 Timothy Dalton: 1986–94
2.6 Pierce Brosnan: 1995–2004
2.7 Daniel Craig: 2005–present
3 Notes and references
4 Bibliography
5 External links

Fleming's literary characterisation[edit]
See also: James Bond (literary character)
A Secret Service agent, Bond was a composite based on a number of commandos whom author Ian Fleming had known during his service in the Naval Intelligence Division during World War II, to whom he added his own style and a number of his own tastes. Fleming appropriated the name from American ornithologist James Bond. Bond's code number 007 comes from one of British naval intelligence's key achievements of World War I: the breaking of the German diplomatic code.[1] One of the German documents cracked and read by the British was the Zimmermann Telegram, which was coded 0075,[2] and which was one of the factors that led the US entering the war. Subsequently if material was graded 00 it meant it was highly classified. Fleming later told a journalist, "When I was at the Admiralty ... all the top-secret signals had the double-0 prefix ... and I decided to borrow it for Bond".[1]
Although James Bond is in his mid-to-late thirties, he does not age in Fleming's stories.[3] Fleming biographer Andrew Lycett noted that, "within the first few pages [of Casino Royale] Ian had introduced most of Bond's idiosyncrasies and trademarks", which included his looks, his Bentley and his smoking and drinking habits:[4] Bond's penchant for alcohol runs throughout the series of books[5] and he smokes up to 70 cigarettes a day.[6][a]
Fleming decided to underplay Bond's character, observing that "Exotic things would happen to and around him, but he would be a neutral figure".[9] On another occasion, he reinforced his point, saying, "When I wrote the first one in 1953, I wanted Bond to be an extremely dull, uninteresting man to whom things happened; I wanted him to be a blunt instrument".[10]
Films[edit]
Sean Connery: 1962–67, 71 & 83[edit]
Sean Connery was the first actor to portray Bond on film, taking on the role in the 1962 film Dr. No. An amateur bodybuilder, he had come to the attention of the Bond film producers after several appearances in British films from the late 1950s.[11] At a muscular 6'2", Fleming originally disapproved of his casting as James Bond, believing him to be an overgrown stuntman who lacked the finesse and elegance to play James Bond; he envisaged a suave actor, such as David Niven playing the role.[12] Producer Albert R. Broccoli—known to all as Cubby—disagreed with Fleming's view, later commenting that "I wanted a ballsy guy ... put a bit of veneer over that tough Scottish hide and you've got Fleming's Bond instead of all the mincing poofs we had applying for the job".[13] Eon's choice of Connery was also based on his looks and sex appeal,[14] an appeal that would later be echoed by Honor Blackman who said, after appearing with Connery in Goldfinger, "He was exceedingly handsome, virile and sexy and that really was the tenor of what the script was always trying to display".[15] After Connery was chosen, director Terence Young took the actor to his tailor and hairdresser,[16] and introduced him to the high life, restaurants, casinos and women of London. In the words of Bond writer Raymond Benson, Young educated the actor "in the ways of being dapper, witty, and above all, cool".[17]
Connery's interpretation of the character differed considerably from Fleming's, being more promiscuous and cold-blooded than the literary version.[18] Connery described Bond as "a complete sensualist—senses highly tuned, awake to everything, quite amoral. I particularly like him because he thrives on conflict".[19] Academic James Chapman observed that for Dr. No, Connery's interpretation of the character, although not complete, showed the actor "should be credited with having established a new style of performance: a British screen hero in the manner of an American leading man".[20] In his second film, From Russia with Love, Connery looked less nervous and edgy; he gave "a relaxed, wry performance of subtle wit and style".[21] Pfeiffer and Worrall noted that Connery "personified James Bond with such perfection that even Ian Fleming ... admitted that it was difficult imagining anyone else in the part";[22][b] Academic Jeremy Black agreed and declared that "Connery made the role his own and created the Bond audience for the cinema".[26] Black also observed that Connery gave the character a "spare, pared-down character ... [with] inner bleakness along with the style".[26] Connery played Bond with "the right mix of cool charisma, violence and arrogance ... against which all others are judged".[27] Raymond Benson perceived that Connery "embodies a ruggedness and an intense screen presence this transcends any preconceived notions about the character".[28] Benson also noted that Bond was witty, but contains "an assured toughness that epitomises the machismo male".[28] Roger Moore agreed with Black and Benson, commenting that "Sean was Bond. He created Bond. He embodied Bond and because of Sean, Bond became an instantly recognisable character the world over—he was rough, tough, mean and witty ... he was a bloody good 007".[29] However, despite his charm and virility, Connery was characteristically laconic in his delivery.[30][31] Christopher Bray says of him that "in his single-minded, laconic, mocking, self-sufficient vanity, Connery's Bond was the epitome of sixties consumer culture".[32]
Interviewed by Oriana Fallaci in 1965, Connery identified where he had altered the character for the films, saying "I said to the producers that the character had one defect, there was no humor about him; to get him accepted, they'd have to let me play him tongue-in-cheek, so people could laugh. They agreed, and there you are: today Bond is accepted to such an extent that even philosophers take the trouble to analyze him, even intellectuals enjoy defending him or attacking him. And even while they're laughing at him, people take him terribly seriously".[33] Connery went on to add that "Bond is important: this invincible superman that every man would like to copy, that every woman would like to conquer, this dream we all have of survival. And then one can't help liking him".[33] After the pressures of five films in six years, Connery left the role after the 1967 film You Only Live Twice saying, "It became a terrible pressure, like living in a goldfish bowl ... that was part of the reason I wanted to be finished with Bond. Also I had become completely identified with it, and it became very wearing and very boring".[34]
After a hiatus of one film—On Her Majesty's Secret Service, in which George Lazenby played Bond—Connery returned to the role for Diamonds Are Forever after David Picker, the head of United Artists, made it clear that Connery was to be enticed back to the role and that money was no object. When approached about resuming the role of Bond, Connery demanded—and received—a fee of £1.25 million (£23 million in 2014 pounds),[35] 12.5% of the gross profits[36] and, as a further enticement, United Artists offered to back two films of his choice.[37][c] His performance received mixed reviews, with Raymond Benson considering that Connery "looks weary and bored ... he is overweight, slow-moving, and doesn't seem to be trying to create a credible character".[39] Despite that, Benson considers that Connery, "still radiates more screen presence than Roger Moore or George Lazenby".[39] On the other hand Pauline Kael said "Connery's James Bond is less lecherous than before and less foppish—and he's better this way".[40]
In the early 1980s producer Jack Schwartzman moved ahead with a non-Eon Bond film, following the controversy over the 1961 novel Thunderball[41] and the subsequent long legal battle;[42] the result was Never Say Never Again. Connery accepted an offer to play Bond once more, asking for (and receiving) a fee of $3 million ($7 million in 2014 dollars),[43] a percentage of the profits, as well as casting, director and script approval.[44] The script has several references to Bond's advancing years—playing on Connery being 52 at the time of filming.[44][45] David Robinson, reviewing the film for The Times considered that, "Connery ... is back, looking hardly a day older or thicker, and still outclassing every other exponent of the role, in the goodnatured throwaway with which he parries all the sex and violence on the way".[46] In 2003 Bond, as portrayed by Connery, was selected as the third-greatest hero in cinema history by the American Film Institute.[47]
Featured in:

Year
Film
Salary $ (millions)[48]


1962
Dr. No 0.1
1963
From Russia with Love 0.3
1964
Goldfinger 0.5
1965
Thunderball 0.8
1967
You Only Live Twice 0.8 + 25% net merch royalty
1971
Diamonds Are Forever 1.2 + 12.5% of gross
1983
Never Say Never Again (Non-Eon film) 3.0 + unknown % of profits[44]

David Niven: 1967[edit]



David Niven, in the 1967 film Casino Royale
When Sean Connery had been cast in November 1961,[49] David Niven had been Fleming's choice for the role as the actor reflected his image of the character.[12] In 1965 producer Charles Feldman signed Niven to play Sir James Bond for Casino Royale, a film not made by Eon Productions. Connery and Peter Sellers had both turned down the role.[50][51] Niven was 56 when he played Bond[52] and his characterisation was that of an elderly man who had won the Victoria Cross at the Siege of Mafeking, had a daughter by his lover, the spy Mata Hari, played Claude Debussy on the piano, ate royal jelly and cultivated black roses.[53][54] Like Fleming's original version, Niven's Bond also drove a vintage Bentley.[55] The concept of Bond is that once Niven's Bond retired, his name and 007 designation was passed to another agent to keep the legend alive; James Chapman notes that the implication was that the "other Bond" was that played by Connery.[55]
Chapman considered the concept of an elderly Bond to be an interesting one, with Bond referring to Connery's Bond as a "sexual acrobat who leaves a trail of beautiful dead women behind like blown roses".[55] In line with the literary Bond, Niven's character drives a vintage Bentley, rather than the Aston Martin favoured by Connery.[55] Bond scholar Steven Jay Rubin thought Niven perfectly cast as the retired Bond, and saw him as "a throw-back to the hell-for-leather adventure heroes" of the character, which paralleled Niven's own life and career.[56] Barnes and Hearn describe this as a "perfectly fair interpretation", given the way Niven approached the role,[57] while Raymond Benson thinks casting Niven was "intelligent".[58] Jeremy Black questioned the use of Niven in the role, observing that he did not seem to be a killer, and did not have the "disconcerting edge" that Connery had.[12]
Featured in:

Year
Film
Salary $ (millions)[48]


1967
Casino Royale (Non-Eon film) u/k

George Lazenby: 1969[edit]

Grey haired man in red check shirt, sitting at a table on which his hands are resting.

George Lazenby at the November 2008 Big Apple Con in Manhattan
With the departure of Connery after You Only Live Twice, Broccoli and director Peter R. Hunt chose Australian George Lazenby to play the role of Bond. He first came to their attention after seeing him in a Fry's Chocolate Cream advertisement.[59] Lazenby dressed the part by sporting several sartorial Bond elements such as a Rolex Submariner wristwatch and a Savile Row suit (ordered, but uncollected, by Connery), and going to Connery's barber at the Dorchester Hotel.[60] Lazenby consolidated his claim during a screen test, when he accidentally punched a professional wrestler, who was acting as stunt coordinator, in the face, impressing Broccoli with his ability to display aggression.[61] Lazenby never signed a contract, with negotiations dragging on during production,[62] and he was subsequently convinced by his agent Ronan O'Rahilly that the secret agent would be archaic in the liberated 1970s; as a result he left the role before the release of On Her Majesty's Secret Service in 1969.[59] For his performance as Bond, Lazenby was nominated for the Golden Globe Award for New Star of the Year – Actor at the 27th Golden Globe Awards.[63]
Critical opinion was split about Lazenby; he has been considered to have been the worst Bond,[64] and has variously been described as "laconic and humourless",[18] "a little stiff"[65] and "annoying and smug".[66] Derek Malcolm of The Guardian was dismissive of Lazenby's performance, saying that he "is not a good actor and though I never thought Sean Connery was all that stylish either, there are moments when one yearns for a little of his louche panache".[67] The New York Times critic AH Weiler also weighed in against Lazenby, saying that "Lazenby, if not a spurious Bond, is merely a casual, pleasant, satisfactory replacement".[68] Pauline Kael called Lazenby "quite a dull fellow" in her otherwise positive review in The New Yorker.[69] However, Peter R. Hunt, director of On Her Majesty's Secret Service, stated that Lazenby should have undertaken more films in the role, saying "he would have made a very credible Bond and been very good indeed".[70]
Smith and Lavington consider that Lazenby "had chosen to play Bond the same way as Sean Connery had, with perhaps more humility and humanity";[71] they went on to say that "Lazenby's inexperience rarely shows" in the film, and that "he invariably rises to the occasion".[72] Alexander Walker in the London Evening Standard said that, "The truth is that George Lazenby is almost as good a James Bond as the man referred to in his film as 'the other fellow'. Lazenby's voice is more suave than sexy-sinister and he could pass for the other fellow's twin on the shady side of the casino. Bond is now definitely all set for the Seventies".[73] Judith Crist of New York Magazine commented that, "This time around there's less suavity and a no-nonsense muscularity and maleness to the role via the handsome Mr. Lazenby".[74] Feminist film critic Molly Haskell wrote an approving review in the Village Voice: "Lazenby ... seems more comfortable in a wet tuxedo than a dry martini, more at ease as a donnish genealogist than reading (or playing) Playboy, and who actually dares to think that one woman who is his equal is better than a thousand part-time playmates".[75]
James Chapman considers that Lazenby looks the part of Bond, identifying his athleticism and "arrogant swagger", which "convey the snobbery of the character".[76] Chapman also distinguished a more vulnerable and human characterisation in Bond—feeling exhausted and falling in love—as opposed to the "heroic superman" of Connery.[76] Brian Fairbanks noted that "OHMSS gives us a James Bond capable of vulnerability, a man who can show fear and is not immune to heartbreak. Lazenby is that man, and his performance is superb".[77] Ben Macintyre also observed that of all the Bonds, Lazenby's characterisation was closest to that of Fleming's original character.[18]
Featured in:

Year
Film
Salary $ (millions)[48]


1969
On Her Majesty's Secret Service 0.1

Roger Moore: 1973–85[edit]



Roger Moore in 1973, photographed by Allan Warren.
After Diamonds Are Forever, Broccoli and Saltzman tried to convince Sean Connery to return as Bond, but he declined.[78] After considering Jeremy Brett, Michael Billington and Julian Glover,[79][80] the two producers finally turned to Roger Moore, who they had previously discussed for On Her Majesty's Secret Service, but who had been unavailable, and he was ultimately cast to play Bond in Live and Let Die.[61][81] At the time Moore was an established television actor, known for his performances as Simon Templar in The Saint and Lord Brett Sinclair in The Persuaders!: in both of which he played a "charming, debonair, international playboy".[82] When playing Bond, Moore tried not to imitate either Connery or his previous roles, and screenwriter Tom Mankiewicz fitted the screenplay around Moore's persona by giving more comedy scenes and a light-hearted feel to Bond,[78] an approach that led Raymond Benson to describe Moore's Bond as "a rather smarmy, eyebrow-raising international playboy who never seemed to get hurt".[83]
Film writer Andrew Spicer considered Roger Moore to be the most elegant and mannerly of the Bonds, with the voice and style of an English debonair country gentleman.[84] Benson agreed, stating that Moore was, "too nice and well-mannered to be a James Bond of any real substance",[23] while Doug Pratt said that "the writers worked out an amenable personality for Roger Moore and found a breezy balance between comedy and action".[85] To make Moore's character appear tougher, a Smith and Wesson .44 Magnum — which at the time was associated with the macho image of the Clint Eastwood character, Dirty Harry — was chosen for Moore to use in Live and Let Die rather than Bond's usual choice of Walther PPK.[86]
Spicer says "Roger Moore re-created Bond as an old-style debonair hero, more polished and sophisticated than Connery's incarnation, using the mocking insouciance he had perfected in his role as Simon Templar ... Moore's humour was a throwaway, and certainly in the later films, verged on self-parody. It was an essential strand in the increasingly tongue-in-cheek direction of the series which became more light-hearted, knowing and playfully intertextual".[84] Chapman noted that Moore was the most comedic of the Bonds, with a more light-hearted approach to playing the character with a mocking wit and innuendo.[82] Additionally, Moore's one-liners were delivered in a way to suggest that the violence inherent in the films was a joke, as opposed to Connery's, which was used to mitigate the violence.[87] Moore explained his approach to the humour by saying "to me, the Bond situations are so ridiculous ... I mean, this man is supposed to be a spy, and yet everybody knows he's a spy ... it's outrageous. So you have to treat the humour outrageously as well".[88]
Pauline Kael was a fairly vocal critic of Moore's, dismissing him as an "iceberg" in The Man with the Golden Gun. In reviewing For Your Eyes Only, she wrote "Roger Moore is Bond again, and his idea of Bond's imperturbable cool is the same as playing dead". Reviewing Moonraker, she wrote "Roger Moore is dutiful and passive as Bond; his clothes are neatly pressed and he shows up for work, like an office manager who is turning into dead wood but hanging on to collect his pension". Only in The Spy Who Loved Me, one of Kael's favourite Bond films, did she praise him describing him as self-effacing: "Moore gets the chance to look scared—an emotion that suits him and makes him more likable".[69]
A number of Moore's personal preferences were transferred into his characterisation of Bond: his taste for Cuban cigars and his wearing of safari suits were assigned to the character.[89] Moore's use for cigars in his early films put him in contrast to the cigarette-smoking Connery, Lazenby and Dalton.[90] By the time of Moore's fifth film, For Your Eyes Only, released in 1981, his characterisation had come to represent an old-fashioned character, in contrast to the fashionability Connery had brought to the role in the 1960s.[91]
In 1985 Moore appeared in his seventh and final film, A View to a Kill; he was 57 (he appeared alongside co-star Tanya Roberts, who was 30).[92] Critics focussed on Moore's age:[93] The Washington Post said "Moore isn't just long in the tooth – he's got tusks, and what looks like an eye job has given him the pie-eyed blankness of a zombie. He's not believable anymore in the action sequences, even less so in the romantic scenes".[94] When he was cast for the film, Moore recalled that he felt "a bit long in the tooth",[95] and in December 2007 admitted that he "was only about four hundred years too old for the part".[96] Like Connery, Moore appeared as Bond in seven films; by the time he retired in 1985, he was the oldest actor to play 007 in the Eon series,[97] and his Bond films had earned over $1 billion at the box office.[98]
Featured in:

Year
Film
Salary $ (millions)[48]


1973
Live and Let Die u/k
1974
The Man with the Golden Gun u/k
1977
The Spy Who Loved Me u/k
1979
Moonraker u/k
1981
For Your Eyes Only u/k
1983
Octopussy 4.0
1985
A View to a Kill 5.0

Timothy Dalton: 1986–94[edit]
With the retirement of Roger Moore in 1985, a search for a new actor to play Bond took place that saw a number of actors, including Sam Neill,[99] Pierce Brosnan[100] and Timothy Dalton audition for the role in 1986. Bond co-producer Michael G. Wilson, director John Glen, Dana and Barbara Broccoli "were impressed with Sam Neill and very much wanted to use him", although Bond producer Albert R. Broccoli was not sold on the actor.[101] Dalton and Brosnan were both considered by Eon,[102][103] but after Brosnan was eventually ruled out by his Remington Steele contract,[100] Dalton was appointed in August 1986[104] on a salary of $5.2 million.[36] When he was either 24 or 25 years old Dalton had discussed playing Bond with Broccoli, but decided he was too young to accept the role, thinking Bond should be played between 35 and 40 years old.[102] In preparing for the role, Dalton, a green-eyed, dark haired, slender, 6'2" classically trained Shakespearean actor,[105] was keen to portray the character as accurately as possible, reading up extensively on the books before his role in The Living Daylights (1987). [106]



Timothy Dalton played Bond twice, in 1987 and 1989
Dalton's Bond was a serious one: dark, cold, emotional stern, ruthless, showing little humour, and focused as a killer with little time for fun and indulgence.[18][107] Dalton's interpretation of the character came from his "desire to see a darker Bond",[108] one that was "less of a womaniser, tougher and closer to the darker character Ian Fleming wrote about".[108] James Chapman also considered Dalton to be closer to Fleming's Bond than the previous actors, writing that Dalton was "clearly less comfortable ... with the witty asides and one-liners ... so he becomes something closer to the Bond of the books, who rarely develops a sense of humour".[109] When reviewing Licence to Kill, Iain Johnstone of The Sunday Times disagreed, declaring that "any vestiges of the gentleman spy ... by Ian Fleming" have now gone;[110] he went on to say that "this character is remarkably close both in deed and action to the eponymous hero of the new Batman film".[110]
Not all viewers were taken with Dalton. Jay Scott of The Globe and Mail was entirely dismissive. "The new Bond has been widely described in feature stories as a throwback to the Ian Fleming original (studying the Fleming novels, Dalton was pleased to discover that Bond was a human being, he says), and that may be true, if the Fleming original lacked charm, sex appeal and wit. Timothy Dalton's Bond is a serious bloke who swallows his words and approaches his job with responsibility and humanity, and eschews promiscuity – Dirtless Harry. You get the feeling that on his off nights, he might curl up with the Reader's Digest and catch an episode of Moonlighting – he'd try to memorize the jokes – before nodding off under the influence of Ovaltine. The British reviews of The Living Daylights have been laudatory, perhaps because this Bond is the most British of all, if British is to be understood as a synonym for reserved".[111]
Raymond Benson noted that Dalton "purposely played Bond as a ruthless and serious man with very little of the wit displayed by Connery, Lazenby or Moore",[112] and considered him to be "the most accurate and literal interpretation of the role ... ever seen on screen".[113] His character also reflected a degree of moral ambiguity; in Licence to Kill, for instance, he becomes a rogue agent,[84] while Dalton himself saw the character as a "man, not a superhuman; a man who is beset with moral confusions and apathies and uncertainties, and who is often very frightened and nervous and tense".[113] Smith and Lavington observed that during Dalton's portrayal in Licence to Kill, Bond appeared "self-absorbed ... reckless, brutal, prone to nervous laughter and ... probably insane, or at least seriously disturbed.[114] In the light of Licence to Kill, one academic, Martin Willis, referred to Dalton's Bond as a "muscular vigilante".[115] Steven Jay Rubin noted that Dalton's films had "a hard-edged reality and some unflinching violent episodes that were better suited to Dalton's more realistic approach to the character".[116] Rubin considered Dalton's portrayal to be "Fleming's Bond ... the suffering Bond".[117] In contrast to the previous incarnations of the character, Smith and Lavington identified Dalton's humour as "brooding rather than flippant";[118] combined with his heavy smoking, they considered him "an effective leading man".[118]
Dalton's films did not perform as well at the box office as most of the previous films. Commentators such as Screen International considered the Bond series had run its course in the age of series such as Indiana Jones and Lethal Weapon.[119] Edward P. Comentale observed that "Dalton, for all his occasional flat northern vowels, was probably too much the stage actor to be convincing as an action hero in the age of Willis, Schwarzenegger and Stallone".[120] After just two films—The Living Daylights and Licence to Kill—litigation ensued over the licensing of the Bond catalogue, delaying what would have been Dalton's third film by several years. His six-year contract expired in 1993 and he left the series in 1994.[121]
                     
Featured in:

Year
Film
Salary $ (millions)[48]


1987
The Living Daylights 3.0
1989
Licence to Kill 5.0

Pierce Brosnan: 1995–2004[edit]

Smiling man with short, tousled hair, wearing white shirt open at collar, and black jacket.

Pierce Brosnan at the 2002 Cannes Film Festival
After Timothy Dalton retired from the Bond role in 1994, Eon turned to the actor they had considered after A View to a Kill: Pierce Brosnan.[100] He was offered a three-film contract, with an option on a fourth;[122] his salary for his first film, GoldenEye, was $4 million, which rose to $16.5 million for his fourth and final outing, Die Another Day.[36] Brosnan had first met Broccoli on the set of For Your Eyes Only, when Brosnan's wife, Cassandra Harris, was appearing in the film as Countess Lisl von Schlaf, and the couple lunched with Broccoli during filming.[79] Brosnan went on to play a criminal-turned-private investigator in Remington Steele in the 1980s,[97] where he captured some of the traits of previous Bonds in playing the role: like Moore, he exemplified a high degree of suaveness, elegance, charm and wit,[18][123][124] but displayed a masculinity and grittiness on occasion reminiscent of Connery's Bond, both successfully "combine the character's Englishness with a classless internationalism that is highly knowing".[125] Andrew Spicer says that "Brosnan's frame carries the 'Armani look' with its refined understated Englishness, to perfection. His lithe, sinuous athleticism is well suited to the fast-paced action and state-of-the-art gadgetry that retains the series' core appeal".[125] James Chapman also considered Brosnan's appearance striking, saying the actor had "old-fashioned, darkly handsome matinee idol looks".[126]
With Brosnan, the Bond writers knew that because of the political correctness of the times, he could not be as overtly sexual and dominant over women as Connery's Bond, and was denounced by M in Goldeneye to be a "sexist, misogynist dinosaur, a relic of the Cold War".[125] Brosnan was seen by many as the quintessential James Bond in appearance and manner; displaying an air of coolness, elegance and a grace which made him believable as an international playboy, if not purely as an assassin. John G. Stackhouse for instance argues that it is preposterous that any man as strikingly handsome as Brosnan and Connery could be a secret agent, saying, "When Sean Connery or Pierce Brosnan enters a room, everyone notices. Thus it is ridiculous to suppose that James Bond, looking like that, could be a secret agent for longer than about two seconds".[127]
Brosnan's Bond was introduced in Goldeneye; James Chapman argues that the film works his portrayal of Bond into the history of the others in the series through the post-credits sequence use of the Aston Martin DB5, previously seen in Goldfinger and Thunderball, "thus immediately evoking the memory of [Sean] Connery".[128] Brosnan's characterisation of Bond was seen by Jeremy Black as being "closer to the Fleming novels than Moore ... yet he is also lighter and less intense than Dalton".[129] Black also commented that the shift in character in the first three films reflected changing social opinions, with Bond not smoking.[130] Brosnan was clear he wanted to change Bond's smoking habit, saying "I don't give a damn about everyone's perception of the character: I think smoking causes cancer therefore he doesn't smoke",[122] although he did smoke a Cuban cigar in Die Another Day.[131] Brosnan continued with the use of humour prevalent with other portrayals,[132] and provided a "mix of action and danger threaded through with the right amount of wit and humour";[133] Smith and Lavington saw the humour largely as puns that were "flippant, but not crass".[134]
After four films in the role, Brosnan stated he wished to do one final Bond film. Although plans were made for a film to be released in 2004, negotiations stalled and Brosnan announced his intention to leave in July 2004.[135]
Featured in:

Year
Film
Salary $ (millions)[48]


1995
GoldenEye 4.0
1997
Tomorrow Never Dies 8.2
1999
The World Is Not Enough 12.4
2002
Die Another Day 16.5

Daniel Craig: 2005–present[edit]



Daniel Craig at the French premiere of Skyfall in October 2012.
On 14 October 2005 Eon Productions, Sony Pictures Entertainment and MGM announced at a press conference in London that Daniel Craig would be the sixth actor to portray Bond in the Eon series (although seventh film Bond overall).[136] A tuxedo-clad Craig arrived via a Royal Navy speedboat.[137] Craig had based his acceptance of the role on the strength of the script for the first film, Casino Royale; he later recalled that "once I sat down and read the story, I just thought that I wanted to tell [it] ... I'm a big Bond fan, and I love what he represents".[138] Significant controversy followed the decision, with some critics and fans expressing doubt the producers had made the right choice. Throughout the entire production period, Internet campaigns such as danielcraigisnotbond.com expressed their dissatisfaction and threatened to boycott the film in protest.[139] Craig, unlike previous actors, was not considered by the protesters to fit the tall, dark, handsome and charismatic image of Bond to which viewers had been accustomed.[140] Many disparagingly called him "James Blonde", believing the 5'10" blond-haired blue-eyed rugged Craig to be far fitting from the traditional tall, dark and suave actors who had earlier portrayed him. The Daily Mirror ran a front page news story critical of Craig, with the headline, The Name's Bland – James Bland.[141]
Craig first played Bond in the 2006 film Casino Royale, an adaptation of Fleming's novel of the same name and a reboot of the Eon series,[142] which saw Bond earn his 00 status.[143] Despite the negative press on his appointment, Craig was widely praised by critics and former Bonds after the release of Casino Royale, believing him to have been the first actor to truly nail Fleming's character in the book: Todd McCarthy, reviewing the film for Variety, considered that "Craig comes closer to the author's original conception of this exceptionally long-lived male fantasy figure than anyone since early Sean Connery",[144] and he went on to say that "Craig once and for all claims the character as his own",[144] while Steven Spielberg called Craig "the perfect 21st-century Bond".[145] Paul Arendt, writing for the BBC, agreed, observing that "Daniel Craig is not a good Bond. He's a great Bond. Specifically, he is 007 as conceived by Ian Fleming—a professional killing machine, a charming, cold-hearted patriot with a taste for luxury. Craig is the first actor to really nail 007's defining characteristic: he's an absolute swine".[146] James Chapman commented on the realism and violence in the film noting that Bond is seen to seriously bleed for the first time in the series; Chapman also identified a number of violent scenes which make Casino Royale notable in the series.[147] In 2012 Skyfall was released: it was Craig's third outing as 007. Reviewing the film, Philip French, writing in The Observer, considered that Craig managed to "get out of the shadow of Connery",[148] while the New Statesman thought that he had "relaxed into Bond without losing any steeliness".[149]
Featured in:

Year
Film
Salary $ (millions)[48]


2006
Casino Royale 3.4
2008
Quantum of Solace 8.9
2012
Skyfall 17[150]

Notes and references[edit]
Notes
a.Jump up ^ The cigarettes Bond smoked were the same as Fleming's, who had been buying his at Morland of Grosvenor Street since the 1930s; the three gold bands on the filter were added during the war to mirror his naval Commander's rank.[7] Fleming himself smoked up to 80 cigarettes a day.[8]
b.Jump up ^ Fleming later adapted the background of the literary character in You Only Live Twice to have a Scottish heritage,[23][24] although Fleming himself was part Scottish. Correspondence dating back to 1960 shows that Fleming contacted a Scottish nobleman to help research Bond's family history, in particular seeking a Scottish Bond line.[25]
c.Jump up ^ After both sides agreed to the deal, Connery used the fee to establish the Scottish International Education Trust, where Scottish artists could apply for funding without having to leave their country to pursue their careers. Since John Gavin, who had been signed to play Bond, was no longer required, Broccoli insisted that he be paid in full. The first film made under Connery's deal was The Offence directed by his friend Sidney Lumet. The second was to be an adaptation of Macbeth by William Shakespeare using only Scottish actors and in which Connery himself would play the title role. This project was abandoned because another production of Macbeth (the Roman Polanski version) was already in production.[38]
References
1.^ Jump up to: a b Macintyre 2008, p. 65.
2.Jump up ^ Chancellor 2005, p. 190.
3.Jump up ^ Black 2005, p. 176.
4.Jump up ^ Lycett 1996, p. 257.
5.Jump up ^ Chancellor 2005, p. 90.
6.Jump up ^ Cabrera Infante 1985, p. 212.
7.Jump up ^ Chancellor 2005, p. 70.
8.Jump up ^ Burns, John F (19 May 2008). "Remembering Fleming, Ian Fleming". London: The New York Times. Retrieved 13 September 2012.
9.Jump up ^ Fleming, Ian (5 April 1958). ""The Exclusive Bond" Mr. Fleming on his hero". The Manchester Guardian (Manchester). p. 4.
10.Jump up ^ Hellman, Geoffrey T. (21 April 1962). "Bond's Creator". Talk of the Town. New York: The New Yorker. p. 32. Retrieved 12 September 2012. (subscription required)
11.Jump up ^ McFarlane, Brian. "Connery, Sean (1930–)". Screenonline. London: British Film Institute. Retrieved 20 November 2012.
12.^ Jump up to: a b c Black 2005, p. 113.
13.Jump up ^ Barnes & Hearn 2001, pp. 9–10.
14.Jump up ^ Broccoli 1998, p. 166.
15.Jump up ^ Parker 1993, p. 112.
16.Jump up ^ Gayson, Eunice (1999). Audio commentary (DVD). Dr. No: MGM Home Entertainment.
17.Jump up ^ Benson, Raymond. Can the Cinematic Bond Ever Be the Literary Bond?. p. 7. In Yeffeth 2006.
18.^ Jump up to: a b c d e Macintyre 2008, p. 204.
19.Jump up ^ Connery, Sean (August 2012). "Being Bond". MI6 Confidential (16): 28.
20.Jump up ^ Chapman 2009, p. 64.
21.Jump up ^ Chapman 2009, p. 76.
22.Jump up ^ Pfeiffer & Worrall 1998, p. 13.
23.^ Jump up to: a b Benson 1988, p. 164.
24.Jump up ^ Chancellor 2005, p. 75.
25.Jump up ^ Helfenstein 2009.
26.^ Jump up to: a b Black 2005, p. 114.
27.Jump up ^ Simpson 2002, p. 134.
28.^ Jump up to: a b Benson 1988, p. 170.
29.Jump up ^ Moore 2012, p. 152.
30.Jump up ^ Princeton Institute for Historic Research (2002). Automobile Quarterly. Automobile Quarterly. p. 18. Retrieved 28 September 2012.
31.Jump up ^ American Chamber of Commerce (United Kingdom) (1989). Atlantic. American Chamber of Commerce (United Kingdom). p. 12. Retrieved 28 September 2012.
32.Jump up ^ Bray 2010, p. 155.
33.^ Jump up to: a b Fallaci 1968, p. 29.
34.Jump up ^ Barnes & Hearn 2001, p. 78.
35.Jump up ^ UK CPI inflation numbers based on data available from Gregory Clark (2014), "What Were the British Earnings and Prices Then? (New Series)" MeasuringWorth.
36.^ Jump up to: a b c Block & Autrey Wilson 2010, p. 429.
37.Jump up ^ Feeney Callan 2002, p. 217.
38.Jump up ^ Inside Diamonds Are Forever (DVD). MGM Home Entertainment. 2000.
39.^ Jump up to: a b Benson 1988, p. 192.
40.Jump up ^ Kael 1985, p. 189.
41.Jump up ^ Pfeiffer & Worrall 1998, p. 213.
42.Jump up ^ Poliakoff, Keith (2000). "License to Copyright – The Ongoing Dispute Over the Ownership of James Bond". Cardozo Arts & Entertainment Law Journal (Benjamin N. Cardozo School of Law) 18: 387–436. Retrieved 2 October 2012.
43.Jump up ^ Consumer Price Index (estimate) 1800–2014. Federal Reserve Bank of Minneapolis. Retrieved 27 February 2014.
44.^ Jump up to: a b c Barnes & Hearn 2001, p. 154.
45.Jump up ^ Black 2005, p. 58.
46.Jump up ^ Robinson, David (16 December 1983). "Never Say Never Again (PG)". The Times (London). p. 10.
47.Jump up ^ "AFI's 100 Years...100 Heroes & Villains". AFI's 100 Years...100 Heroes & Villains. American Film Institute. Retrieved 20 December 2013.
48.^ Jump up to: a b c d e f g Block & Autrey Wilson 2010, pp. 428–429.
49.Jump up ^ Barnes & Hearn 2001, p. 9.
50.Jump up ^ Barnes & Hearn 2001, p. 57.
51.Jump up ^ Walker 1981, p. 136.
52.Jump up ^ Ash 2007, p. 149.
53.Jump up ^ Smith & Lavington 2002, p. 70.
54.Jump up ^ Rubin 2003, p. 44.
55.^ Jump up to: a b c d Chapman 2009, p. 107.
56.Jump up ^ Rubin 2003, p. 308.
57.Jump up ^ Barnes & Hearn 2001, p. 70.
58.Jump up ^ Benson 1988, p. 239.
59.^ Jump up to: a b Inside On Her Majesty's Secret Service (DVD). MGM Home Entertainment. 2000.
60.Jump up ^ "De 'vergeten' 007". Andere Tijden. 19 November 2002. VPRO. Nederland 2.
61.^ Jump up to: a b Barnes & Hearn 2001, p. 82.
62.Jump up ^ Barnes & Hearn 2001, p. 86.
63.Jump up ^ "The 27th Annual Golden Globe Awards (1970)". Golden Globe Awards. Hollywood Foreign Press Association. Retrieved 19 October 2012.
64.Jump up ^ Bishop 2011, p. 38.
65.Jump up ^ Pratt 2005, p. 882.
66.Jump up ^ Murphy, K (23 February 2002). "Eye spy with my little eye, something not beginning with Sean". The Australian (Surrey Hills, NSW). p. 25.
67.Jump up ^ Malcolm, Derek (16 December 1969). "Off the peg Bond". The Guardian (London). p. 8.
68.Jump up ^ Weiler, AH (19 December 1969). "Screen: New James Bond". The New York Times (New York). p. 68.
69.^ Jump up to: a b Kael 1985.
70.Jump up ^ Cork & Stutz 2007, p. 27.
71.Jump up ^ Smith & Lavington 2002, p. 117.
72.Jump up ^ Smith & Lavington 2002, p. 102.
73.Jump up ^ Walker, Alexander (16 December 1969). "Review". Evening Standard (London). p. 36.
74.Jump up ^ Crist, Judith (12 January 1970). "Movies – Hello, Barbra – After a Fashion". New York (New York): 14.
75.Jump up ^ Haskell, Molly (25 December 1969). The Village Voice (New York). p. 12.
76.^ Jump up to: a b Chapman 2009, p. 115.
77.Jump up ^ Fairbanks 2005, p. 258.
78.^ Jump up to: a b Inside Live and Let Die (DVD). MGM Home Entertainment. 2000.
79.^ Jump up to: a b Barnes & Hearn 2001, p. 137.
80.Jump up ^ Barnes & Hearn 2001, p. 105.
81.Jump up ^ Bond 1973: The Lost Documentary (DVD). MGM Home Entertainment. 2000.
82.^ Jump up to: a b Chapman 2009, p. 124.
83.Jump up ^ Yeffeth 2006, p. 9.
84.^ Jump up to: a b c Spicer 2003, p. 185.
85.Jump up ^ Pratt 2005, p. 1140.
86.Jump up ^ Spicer 2003, p. 129.
87.Jump up ^ Chapman 2009, pp. 124–125.
88.Jump up ^ Life Magazine 2012, p. 61.
89.Jump up ^ Chapman 2009, p. 125.
90.Jump up ^ Life Magazine 2012, p. 118.
91.Jump up ^ Chapman 2009, pp. 170–171.
92.Jump up ^ Smith & Lavington 2002, p. 206.
93.Jump up ^ Chapman 2009, p. 194.
94.Jump up ^ The Washington Post. June 1985.
95.Jump up ^ Moore 2008, p. 255.
96.Jump up ^ Pahwa, Kiran (1 May 2008). "Roger Moore admits stretching Bond stint too long". Top News. Retrieved 5 November 2012.
97.^ Jump up to: a b Life Magazine 2012, p. 55.
98.Jump up ^ Cork & Stutz 2007, p. 29.
99.Jump up ^ Michael G. Wilson (2000). Inside The Living Daylights (DVD). MGM Home Entertainment.
100.^ Jump up to: a b c Barnes & Hearn 2001, p. 168.
101.Jump up ^ Broccoli 1998, p. 281.
102.^ Jump up to: a b Cork & Stutz 2007, p. 30.
103.Jump up ^ Paterson 2012, p. 64.
104.Jump up ^ Barnes & Hearn 2001, p. 170.
105.Jump up ^ Paterson 2012, p. 59.
106.Jump up ^ Rubin 2003, pp. 98–99.
107.Jump up ^ Simpson 2002, p. 141.
108.^ Jump up to: a b Moore 2012, p. 160.
109.Jump up ^ Chapman 2009, p. 198.
110.^ Jump up to: a b Johnstone, Iain (18 June 1989). "Bond flies in like a bat out of hell; Arts". The Sunday Times (London). p. C7.
111.Jump up ^ Scott, Jay (3 August 1987). "The Living Daylights: Dalton serves up lethargic James Bond. A licence to bore?". The Globe and Mail (Toronto). p. C.7.
112.Jump up ^ Yeffeth 2006, p. 10.
113.^ Jump up to: a b Benson 1988, p. 259.
114.Jump up ^ Smith & Lavington 2002, p. 225.
115.Jump up ^ Lindner 2009, p. 169.
116.Jump up ^ Rubin 2003, p. 97.
117.Jump up ^ Rubin 2003, p. 99.
118.^ Jump up to: a b Smith & Lavington 2002, p. 213.
119.Jump up ^ Chapman 2009, p. 211.
120.Jump up ^ Comentale, Watt & Willman 2005, p. 139.
121.Jump up ^ Moore 2012, pp. 161–2.
122.^ Jump up to: a b Barnes & Hearn 2001, p. 186.
123.Jump up ^ Mizejewski 2004, p. 75.
124.Jump up ^ Charles et al. 2011, p. 147.
125.^ Jump up to: a b c Spicer 2003, p. 186.
126.Jump up ^ Chapman 2009, p. 214.
127.Jump up ^ Stackhouse 2008, p. 320.
128.Jump up ^ Chapman 2009, p. 220.
129.Jump up ^ Black 2005, p. 160.
130.Jump up ^ Black 2005, p. 161.
131.Jump up ^ Everett 2012, p. 214.
132.Jump up ^ Jütting 2007, p. 50.
133.Jump up ^ Simpson 2002, p. 42.
134.Jump up ^ Smith & Lavington 2002, p. 242.
135.Jump up ^ Moore 2012, p. 165.
136.Jump up ^ "Daniel Craig confirmed as 006th screen Bond". The Guardian (London). 14 October 2005. Retrieved 13 September 2012.
137.Jump up ^ Baracaia, Alexa (14 October 2005). "Meet the new James Bond ... very shaken and stirred". Evening Standard (London). p. 3.
138.Jump up ^ Cork & Stutz 2007, p. 35.
139.Jump up ^ LaPorte, Nicole (27 November 2006). "Auds grow fond of 'short,' 'blond' Bond". Variety (Los Angeles). p. 3.
140.Jump up ^ La Monica, Paul R. (6 November 2006). "Blond, James Blond". CNN. Retrieved 13 September 2012.
141.Jump up ^ Cummins, Fiona (15 October 2005). "The Name's Bland.. James Bland". Daily Mirror (London). Archived from the original on 14 April 2006. Retrieved 13 September 2012.
142.Jump up ^ Robey, Tim (12 January 2011). "Sam Mendes may have problems directing new James Bond movie". The Daily Telegraph (London).
143.Jump up ^ Chapman 2009, p. 242.
144.^ Jump up to: a b McCarthy, Todd (13 November 2006). "The Bond supremacy". Variety (Los Angeles). p. 44.
145.Jump up ^ Bouzereau 2006, p. 148.
146.Jump up ^ Arendt, Paul (17 November 2006). "Casino Royale (2006)". BBC Online. BBC. Retrieved 4 November 2012.
147.Jump up ^ Chapman 2009, p. 245.
148.Jump up ^ French, Philip (28 October 2012). "Skyfall – review". The Observer (London). p. 32.
149.Jump up ^ Gilbey, Ryan (29 October 2012). "Skyfall—review". New Statesman (London). ISSN 1364-7431.
150.Jump up ^ Brooks, Richard (18 November 2012). "Craig in £31m deal to film two more Bonds". The Sunday Times (London). pp. 4–5.
Bibliography[edit]
Ash, Russell (2007). Top 10 of Everything 2008. London: Hamlyn. ISBN 978-0-600-61678-8.
Barnes, Alan; Hearn, Marcus (2001). Kiss Kiss Bang! Bang!: the Unofficial James Bond Film Companion. London: Batsford Books. ISBN 978-0-7134-8182-2.
Bouzereau, Laurent (2006). The Art of Bond: From storyboard to screen: the creative process behind the James Bond phenomenon. London: Boxtree. ISBN 978-0-7522-1551-8.
Benson, Raymond (1988). The James Bond Bedside Companion. London: Boxtree Ltd. ISBN 978-1-85283-233-9.
Bishop, Des (2011). My Dad Was Nearly James Bond. London: Penguin Books. ISBN 978-0-14-197228-2.
Black, Jeremy (2005). The Politics of James Bond: from Fleming's Novel to the Big Screen. Westport: University of Nebraska Press. ISBN 978-0-8032-6240-9.
Block, Alex Ben; Autrey Wilson, Lucy (2010). George Lucas's Blockbusting: A Decade-by-Decade Survey of Timeless Movies Including Untold Secrets of Their Financial and Cultural Success. London: HarperCollins. ISBN 978-0-06-177889-6.
Bray, Christopher (2010). Sean Connery; The measure of a Man. London: Faber and Faber. ISBN 978-0-571-23807-1.
Broccoli, Albert R (1998). When the Snow Melts. London: Boxtree. ISBN 978-0-7522-1162-6.
Cabrera Infante, Guillermo (1985). Holy Smoke. New York: Harper & Row. ISBN 978-0-06-015432-5.
Chancellor, Henry (2005). James Bond: The Man and His World. London: John Murray. ISBN 978-0-7195-6815-2.
Chapman, James (2009). Licence to Thrill: A Cultural History of the James Bond Films. New York: I.B. Tauris. ISBN 978-1-84511-515-9.
Charles, John; Clark, Candace; Hamilton-Selway, Joanne; Morrison, Joanna (2011). The Readers' Advisory Guide to Mystery. Chicago: ALA Editions. ISBN 978-0-8389-1113-6.
Comentale, Edward P; Watt, Stephen; Willman, Skip (2005). Ian Fleming & James Bond: the cultural politics of 007. Bloomington: Indiana University Press. ISBN 978-0-253-21743-1.
Cork, John; Stutz, Collin (2007). James Bond Encyclopedia. London: Dorling Kindersley. ISBN 978-1-4053-3427-3.
Everett, Anna (2012). Pretty People: Movie Stars of the 1990s. Piscataway: Rutgers University Press. ISBN 978-0-8135-5325-2.
Fallaci, Oriana (1968). The Egotists: Sixteen Surprising Interviews. Chicago: H. Regnery Co. ISBN 978-99908-989-6-5.
Fairbanks, Brian W. (2005). Brian W. Fairbanks – Writings. Raleigh: Lulu. ISBN 978-1-4116-2432-0.
Feeney Callan, Michael (2002). Sean Connery. London: Virgin Books. ISBN 978-1-85227-992-9.
Helfenstein, Charles (2009). The Making of On Her Majesty's Secret Service. London: Spies Publishing. ISBN 0-9844126-0-3.
Jütting, Kerstin (2007). "Grow Up, 007!" – James Bond Over the Decades: Formula Vs. Innovation. GRIN Verlag. ISBN 978-3-638-85372-9.
Kael, Pauline (1985). 5001 Nights at the Movies: A Guide From A to Z. Henry Holt and Company. ISBN 978-0-8050-0619-3.
The Editors of Life Books (2012). LIFE: 50 Years of James Bond. Des Moines: Time Inc. ISBN 978-1-61893-031-6.
Lindner, Christoph (2009). The James Bond Phenomenon: a Critical Reader. Manchester: Manchester University Press. ISBN 978-0-7190-6541-5.
Lycett, Andrew (1996). Ian Fleming. London: Phoenix. ISBN 978-1-85799-783-5.
Macintyre, Ben (2008). For Your Eyes Only. London: Bloomsbury Publishing. ISBN 978-0-7475-9527-4.
Mizejewski, Lind (2004). Hardboiled and High Heeled: The Woman Detective in Popular Culture. London: Routledge. ISBN 978-0-415-96971-0.
Moore, Roger (2008). My Word is My Bond. London: Michael O'Mara Books. ISBN 978-1-84317-318-2.
Moore, Roger (2012). Bond on Bond. London: Michael O'Mara Books. ISBN 978-1-84317-861-3.
Parker, John (1993). Sean Connery. Chicago: McGraw-Hill Contemporary. ISBN 978-0-8092-3668-8.
Paterson, Michael (2012). Amazing & Extraordinary Facts James Bond. Newton Abbot: David & Charles. ISBN 978-1-4463-5613-5.
Pratt, Doug (2005). Doug Pratt's DVD: Movies, Television, Music, Art, Adult, and More!. New York: Harbor Electronic Publishing. ISBN 978-1-932916-01-0.
Pfeiffer, Lee; Worrall, Dave (1998). The essential Bond. London: Boxtree Ltd. ISBN 978-0-7522-2477-0.
Rubin, Steven Jay (2003). The Complete James Bond Movie Encyclopedia. New York: McGraw-Hill. ISBN 0-07-141246-8.
Simpson, Paul (2002). The Rough Guide to James Bond. London: Rough Guides. ISBN 978-1-84353-142-5.
Smith, Jim; Lavington, Stephen (2002). Bond Films. London: Virgin Books. ISBN 978-0-7535-0709-4.
Spicer, Andrew (3 October 2003). Typical Men: The Representation of Masculinity in Popular British Cinema. London: I.B. Tauris. ISBN 978-1-86064-931-8.
Stackhouse, John G. (2008). Making the Best of It: Following Christ in the Real World. Oxford: Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-988392-9.
Walker, Alexander (1981). Peter Sellers. Littlehampton: Littlehampton Book Services. ISBN 978-0-297-77965-0.
Yeffeth, Glenn, ed. (2006). James Bond in the 21st century: why we still need 007. Dallas: BenBella Books. ISBN 978-1-933771-02-1.
External links[edit]
 Wikimedia Commons has media related to James Bond.
 Wikiquote has quotations related to: James Bond
James Bond official website
James Bond filmography at the Internet Movie Database


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Bond girl
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
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A Bond girl is a character (or the actress portraying a character) who is a love interest of James Bond in a film, novel, or video game. Bond girls occasionally have names that are double entendres or puns, such as Pussy Galore, Plenty O'Toole, Xenia Onatopp, or Holly Goodhead, and are considered "ubiquitous symbol[s] of glamour and sophistication."[1]
There is no set rule on what kind of person a Bond girl will be or what role she will play. She may be an ally or an enemy of Bond, pivotal to the mission or simply eye candy. There are female characters such as Judi Dench's M, who are not romantic interests of Bond, and hence not strictly Bond girls.[2][3][4] This apparently extends to Moneypenny's appearance in Skyfall, which re-introduces the character in a fashion much more in line with a Bond girl than her normal characterisation.


Contents  [hide]
1 In novels 1.1 Inspiration
2 On film 2.1 Roles and impact
2.2 Effect on career
2.3 Multiple appearances
3 List of Bond girls 3.1 Ian Fleming
3.2 Eon Productions films
3.3 Non-Eon films
3.4 Video games
4 Documentary
5 Critical studies
6 See also
7 References
8 Bibliography

In novels[edit]
Nearly all of Ian Fleming's Bond novels and short stories include one or more female characters who can be said to qualify as Bond girls, most of whom have been adapted for the screen. While Fleming's Bond girls have some individual traits (at least in their literary forms), they also have a great many characteristics in common.[5] One of these is age: The typical Bond girl is in her early to mid-twenties, roughly ten years younger than Bond, who seems to be perennially in his mid-thirties.[6] Examples include Solitaire (25),[7] Tatiana Romanova (24),[8] Vivienne "Viv" Michel (23),[9] and Kissy Suzuki (23).[10] The youngest Bond girl (though she and Bond do not sleep together) may be Gala Brand; she is named for the cruiser in which her father is serving at the time of her birth.[11] If Fleming had in mind the Arethusa-class Galatea launched in 1934, then he may have intended Gala to be as young as 18, and certainly no older than 20, when she meets Bond. (If on the other hand the Galatea in question is the cruiser sold for scrap in 1921, that would make Gala instead the oldest of the Bond girls—in her mid- to late-30s or even as old as 40. Since there are other indications in the novel that Gala is very young, however, it is unlikely that Fleming had the older ship in mind or meant to create a 40-year-old Bond girl.) Bond's youngest sexual partner in the books is Mariko Ichiban, an 18-year-old masseuse in You Only Live Twice. The eldest Bond girls are Pussy Galore, whom Bond speculates is in her early 30s, and 29-year-old Domino Vitali.
Bond girls conform to a fairly well-defined standard of beauty. They possess splendid figures and tend to dress in a slightly masculine, assertive fashion, wear little jewelry—and that in a masculine cut—wide leather belts, and square-toed leather shoes. (There is some variation in dress, though: Bond girls have made their initial appearances in evening wear, in bra and panties and, on occasion, naked.) Nearly all of them are white; they often sport light though noticeable suntans (although a few, such as Solitaire, Tatiana Romanova, and Pussy Galore, are not only tanless but remarkably pale[7][12][13]), and they generally use little or no makeup and no nail polish, also wearing their nails short.[14] Their hair may be any colour ranging from blonde (Mary Goodnight)[15] to auburn (Gala Brand) to brown (Tatiana Romanova)[12] to blue-black (Solitaire)[16] to black (Vesper Lynd),[17] though they typically wear it in a natural or casual cut that falls heavily to their shoulders. Their features, especially their eyes and mouths, are often widely spaced (e.g. Vesper Lynd, Gala Brand, Tiffany Case, Tatiana Romanova, Honey Ryder, Viv Michel, Mary Goodnight).[18] Their eyes are usually blue (e.g. Vesper Lynd, Gala Brand, Tatiana Romanova, Honey Ryder, Tracy Bond, Mary Goodnight),[19] and sometimes this is true to an unusual and striking degree: Tiffany Case's eyes are chatoyant, varying with the light from grey to grey-blue,[20] while Pussy Galore has deep violet eyes, the only truly violet eyes that Bond had ever seen.[13] The first description of a Bond girl, Casino Royale's Vesper Lynd, is almost a template for the typical dress as well as the general appearance of later Bond girls; she sports nearly all of the features discussed above.[17] In contrast, Dominetta "Domino" Vitali arguably departs to the greatest degree from the template, dressing in white leather doeskin sandals, appearing more tanned, sporting a soft Brigitte Bardot haircut, and giving no indication of widely spaced features.[21] (The departure may be due to the unusual circumstances behind the writing of the novel Thunderball, in which Domino appears.) Even Domino, however, wears rather masculine jewellery.
The best-known characteristic of Bond girls apart from their uniform beauty is their pattern of sexually suggestive names (the most risqué and famous being Pussy Galore). Names with less obvious meanings are sometimes explained in the novels. While Solitaire's real name is Simone Latrelle, she is known as Solitaire because she excludes men from her life;[16] Gala Brand, as noted above, is named for her father's cruiser, HMS Galatea; and Tiffany Case received her name from her father, who was so angry that she was not a boy that he gave her mother a thousand dollars and a compact from Tiffany's and then walked out on her.[22] Fleming's penchant for double-entendre names began with the first Bond novel Casino Royale. Conjecture is widespread that the name of the Bond girl in that novel, "Vesper Lynd," was intended to be a pun on "West Berlin," signifying Vesper's divided loyalties as a double agent under Soviet control. Several Bond girls, however, have normal names (e.g. Tatiana Romanova, Mary Ann Russell, Judy Havelock, Viv Michel, Tracy Bond [née Teresa Draco, aka Contessa Teresa di Vicenzo]).
Most Bond girls are apparently (and sometimes expressly) sexually experienced by the time they meet Bond (although there is evidence that Solitaire is a virgin). Quite often those previous experiences have not been positive, and many Bond girls have had sexual violence inflicted on them in the past which has caused them to feel alienated from all men—until Bond comes along. (This dark theme is notably absent from the early films.) Tiffany Case was gang-raped as a teenager;[23] Honey Ryder, too, was beaten and raped as a teenager by a drunken acquaintance.[24] Pussy Galore was sexually abused at age 12 by her uncle.[25] While there is no such clear-cut trauma in Solitaire's early life, there are suggestions that she, too, avoids men because of their unwanted sexual advances in her past. Kissy Suzuki reports to Bond that during her brief career in Hollywood, when she was 17, "They thought that because I am Japanese I am some sort of an animal and that my body is for everyone."[26] The implication is often that these violent episodes have turned the Bond girls in question against men, though upon encountering Bond they overcome their earlier antipathy and sleep with him not only willingly but eagerly. The cliché reaches its most extreme (perhaps absurd) level in Goldfinger. In this novel Pussy Galore is portrayed as a practising lesbian when she first meets Bond, but at the end of the novel she sleeps with him. When, in bed, he says to her, "They told me you only liked women," she replies, "I never met a man before."[25]
In Fleming's novels, many Bond girls have some sort of independent job or even career, often one that was considered inappropriate for women in the 1950s. Vesper Lynd, Gala Brand, Tatiana Romanova, Mary Ann Russell, and Mary Goodnight are in intelligence or law-enforcement work. Those who are criminals, such as Tiffany Case and Pussy Galore, tend to be similarly independent-minded in how they approach their work—the latter even running her own syndicate. Even those Bond girls who have more conventional or glamorous jobs show themselves to be invested in having an independent outlook on life. While the Bond girls are clearly intended as sex objects, they are nevertheless portrayed in the novels as having a degree of independence that the Bond films, in contrast, tended to dispense with until nearly 1980.
Most of the novels focus on one particular romance, as some of them do not begin until well into the novel (Casino Royale is a good example). However, several exceptions have been made: In Goldfinger, the Masterton sisters are considered Bond girls (although Tilly is supposedly a lesbian), and after their deaths, Pussy Galore (also supposedly a lesbian) becomes the primary Bond girl. In Thunderball, Bond romances first Patricia Fearing, then later Domino Vitali. In On Her Majesty's Secret Service, Bond enters into a relationship and an eventual marriage with Teresa 'Tracy' di Vicenzo, and sleeps with Ruby Windsor, a patient he meets in Blofeld's hideout while posing as a genealogist. In You Only Live Twice, Bond mainly has a relationship with Kissy Suzuki, but also romances Mariko Ichiban, as well as another a girl who is too insignificant for Fleming to give her a name.
Several Bond girls have obvious signs of inner turmoil (Vesper Lynd or Vivienne Michel), and others have traumatic pasts. Most Bond girls whose characters are allowed to develop in the course of the story are flawed, and several have unhappy sexual backgrounds (Honey Ryder, Pussy Galore, Tiffany Case, Vivienne Michel, and Kissy Suzuki, among others). It is perhaps this vulnerability that draws them to Bond, aside from Bond himself being irresistible to women.
Inspiration[edit]
The inspiration for all of Fleming's Bond girls may be his onetime lover Muriel Wright, who

has a claim to be the fons et origo of the species: pliant and undemanding, beautiful but innocent, outdoorsy, physically tough, implicitly vulnerable and uncomplaining, and then tragically dead, before or soon after marriage.[27]
Wright was 26 and "exceptionally beautiful" when she and Fleming met in 1935. A talented rider, skier, and polo player, Wright was independently wealthy and a model. She was devoted to Fleming, despite his repeated unfaithfulness. She died in an air raid in 1944, devastating Fleming, who called Wright "too good to be true".[27]
On film[edit]
Ursula Andress as "Honey Ryder" in Dr. No (1962) is often considered the quintessential Bond girl. She was preceded by Eunice Gayson as "Sylvia Trench" and Zena Marshall as "Miss Taro" in the same film.
There have been many attempts to break down the numerous Bond girls into a top 10 list for the entire series; characters who often appear in these lists include Anya Amasova, Pussy Galore, Contessa Teresa di Vicenzo and Honey Ryder, who is often at Number 1 on the list.[28][29]
Entertainment Weekly put "Bond bathing suits" on its end-of-the-decade, "best-of" list, saying, "And you thought spies were supposed to be inconspicuous! Halle Berry's orange bikini in Die Another Day (2002) and Daniel Craig's supersnug powder blue trunks in Casino Royale (2006) suggest that neither 007 star can keep a secret."[30]
Roles and impact[edit]
In several of the Bond films, the Bond girl is revealed, after her tryst with Bond, to be a villainess. Examples are Fatima Blush (Barbara Carrera) in Never Say Never Again (1983), Elektra King (Sophie Marceau) in The World Is Not Enough (1999), and Miranda Frost (Rosamund Pike) in Die Another Day (2002).
As of 2013 there have been only two films in which James Bond falls in love with the Bond girl. The first was On Her Majesty's Secret Service (1969), in which Countessa Tracy di Vicenzo (Diana Rigg) marries Bond but is shot dead by Irma Bunt and Ernst Stavro Blofeld at the story's end. (It was originally intended that she would instead die at the beginning of Diamonds Are Forever (1971); but that idea was dropped during the filming of On Her Majesty's Secret Service when George Lazenby announced that he would not play the James Bond role in future films. One critic has opined that, although the theme of Bond in love is not overtly explored in Diamonds Are Forever, that film's pre-title sequence, in which James Bond vigorously pursues Blofeld, demonstrates "an effort to avenge Tracy's murder".)[31] The second was Vesper Lynd (Eva Green) in Casino Royale (2006). Bond confesses his love to her and resigns from MI6 so that they can have a normal life together. He later learns that she had been a double agent working for his enemies. The enemy organisation Quantum had kidnapped her former lover and had been blackmailing her to secure her cooperation. She ends up actually falling in love with Bond, but dies, as Quantum is closing in on her, by drowning in a lift in a building under renovation in Venice.
With the exception of these two doomed Bond girls, it is never explained why Bond's love interest in one film is gone by the next, and is never mentioned or even alluded to again. This is not always the case in the novels, which do sometimes make references to the Bond girls who have appeared in previous books. Tiffany Case and Honey Ryder are revealed to have married other men (in From Russia With Love and The Man With the Golden Gun respectively), and in Doctor No, Bond briefly wonders about Solitaire. A unique case is Mary Goodnight, who appears in the novels, On Her Majesty's Secret Service and You Only Live Twice as Bond's secretary, before becoming a full-fledged Bond girl in The Man With the Golden Gun.
Effect on career[edit]
The role of a Bond girl, as it has evolved in the films, is typically a high-profile part that can sometimes give a major boost to the career of unestablished actresses, although a number of Bond girls were well-established beforehand. For instance, Diana Rigg and Honor Blackman were both cast as Bond girls after they had already become stars in England for their roles in the television series, The Avengers (in an unusual twist, an unknown Joanna Lumley played "The English Girl" in On Her Majesty's Secret Service, and went on to play the lead in the television series The New Avengers). In addition, Halle Berry won an Academy Award in 2002—the award was presented to her while she was filming Die Another Day. Teri Hatcher was already famous for her role as Lois Lane in the television series Lois & Clark: The New Adventures of Superman—and for a photograph in which she is wrapped in nothing but a cape, which became an internet sensation—before she was cast in Tomorrow Never Dies. A few years after playing a Bond girl, she became one of the most highly paid actresses on television, starring in Desperate Housewives. Kim Basinger had perhaps the most successful post-Bond career. After her break-out role in Never Say Never Again, Basinger went on to win an Academy Award for her performance in L.A. Confidential and to star in the blockbuster films Batman and 8 Mile.
At one time it was said that appearing as a Bond girl would damage an actress's career. Lois Chiles is often cited as a case in point, even though her career did not suffer because of her portrayal of Holly Goodhead, but rather because, after she lost her younger brother to Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma, she decided to take a three-year break from acting, from which her career never recovered. Notable exceptions to the so-called "curse" (actresses who went on to have successful careers) include Jane Seymour, Famke Janssen, Teri Hatcher, Halle Berry, Diana Rigg, and Kim Basinger. Casting for the female lead in Casino Royale was hindered by potential actresses' concerns about the effect that playing the role might have on their careers.[32] At that point, some thought that the Bond series had become stale and would therefore be a less desirable vehicle for young actresses. Nevertheless, the up-and-coming actress Eva Green agreed to play the role of Vesper Lynd, and showed those fears to be unfounded when she won BAFTA's Rising Star Award for her performance. Two actresses, who appeared in the Bond films but not as Bond's romantic interests, also later became successes. One is Minnie Driver from Golden Eye (1995), who later earned an Academy Award nomination for Good Will Hunting, and the other is Stana Katic from Quantum of Solace (2008), who a year later landed the female lead in the long-running television show Castle.
Multiple appearances[edit]
The character of Sylvia Trench is the only Bond girl character who recurs in a film (Dr. No (1962) and From Russia with Love (1963)). She was meant to be Bond's regular girlfriend, but was dropped after her appearance in the second film.
In the series of films, six actresses have made reappearances as different Bond girls: Martine Beswick and Nadja Regin both first appeared in From Russia with Love, and then appeared in Thunderball and Goldfinger respectively. Maud Adams played Andrea Anders in The Man with the Golden Gun (1974) and the title character in Octopussy (1983); she also is an extra in A View to a Kill (1985). Tsai Chin also appeared in two small roles, first as the Chinese/British agent "Ling" in You Only Live Twice and later as one of the poker players, Madame Wu, in Casino Royale (2006). Mary Stavin was one of Octopussy's girls in Octopussy and reappeared as "Kimberly Jones" in A View to a Kill. Finally, Diane Hartford also appeared in two small roles: Bond's pick-up dance partner at the Kiss Kiss Club in Thunderball and as a card player in the Bahamas in Casino Royale (2006).
If the "unofficial" James Bond films, Casino Royale and Never Say Never Again, are included, several actresses have also been a Bond girl more than once: Ursula Andress in Dr. No (1962) and Casino Royale; Angela Scoular, in On Her Majesty's Secret Service (1969) and Casino Royale; Valerie Leon in The Spy Who Loved Me (1977) and Never Say Never Again.
List of Bond girls[edit]
Ian Fleming[edit]

Novel (publication date)
Bond girl
Casino Royale (1953) Vesper Lynd
Live and Let Die (1954) Solitaire
Moonraker (1955) Gala Brand
Diamonds Are Forever (1956) Tiffany Case
From Russia, with Love (1957) Tatiana Romanova
Dr. No (1958) Honey Rider
Goldfinger (1959) Pussy Galore
 Jill Masterton
 Tilly Masterton
"From a View to a Kill" (1960) Mary Ann Russell
"For Your Eyes Only" (1960) Judy Havelock
"Quantum of Solace" (1960) 
"Risico" (1960) Lisl Baum
"The Hildebrand Rarity" (1960) Liz Krest
Thunderball (1961) Dominetta "Domino" Vitali
 Patricia Fearing
The Spy Who Loved Me (1962) Vivienne Michel
On Her Majesty's Secret Service (1963) Teresa di Vicenzo
 Ruby Windsor
You Only Live Twice (1964) Kissy Suzuki (main girl)
 Mariko Ichiban
 unnamed girl
The Man with the Golden Gun (1965, posthumously) Mary Goodnight
"The Living Daylights" (1966, posth.) Trigger
"The Property of a Lady" (1966, posth.) Maria Freudenstein
"Octopussy" (1966, posth.) 
"007 in New York" (1966, posth.) Solange
"Devil May Care" (2008 by Sebastian Faulks) Scarlett Papava
Mary Goodnight was a supporting character in several Bond novels before graduating to full Bond girl in The Man with the Golden Gun. Several short stories, such as "Quantum of Solace", "The Hildebrand Rarity", "The Living Daylights", and "The Property of a Lady" feature female characters in prominent roles, but none of these women interact with Bond in a romantic way.
Eon Productions films[edit]
The most prominent Bond girl is featured first, followed by the rest in order of appearance. (* denotes first overall)

Film
Bond girl
Actress
Actress' nationality
Dr. No Honey Ryder
 Sylvia Trench
 Miss Taro Ursula Andress
Eunice Gayson
Zena Marshall Swiss
British
 British
From Russia with Love Tatiana Romanova
 Sylvia Trench
 Zora
 Vida Daniela Bianchi
Eunice Gayson
Martine Beswick
Aliza Gur Italian
 British
 British
Israeli
Goldfinger Pussy Galore
 Jill Masterson
 Tilly Masterson
 Dink
 Bonita Honor Blackman
Shirley Eaton
Tania Mallet
Margaret Nolan
Nadja Regin English
 British
 British
 British
Serbian
Thunderball Domino Derval
 Fiona Volpe
 Patricia "Pat" Fearing
 Paula Caplan
 Mlle. La Porte Claudine Auger
Luciana Paluzzi
Molly Peters
Martine Beswick
Maryse Mitsouko French
 Italian
 British
 British
 French/Eurasian
You Only Live Twice Kissy Suzuki
Aki
 Ling
 Helga Brandt Mie Hama
Akiko Wakabayashi
Tsai Chin
Karin Dor Japanese
 Japanese
Chinese/British
German
On Her Majesty's Secret Service Teresa di Vicenzo
 Nancy
 Ruby Bartlett Diana Rigg
Catherine Schell
Angela Scoular English
Hungarian
 British
Diamonds Are Forever Tiffany Case
 Marie
 Plenty O'Toole
 Bambi
 Thumper Jill St. John
Denise Perrier
Lana Wood
 Lola Larson
Trina Parks American
 French
 Russian/American
 American
 American
Live and Let Die Solitaire
 Rosie Carver
 Miss Caruso Jane Seymour
Gloria Hendry
Madeline Smith English
 American
 English
The Man with the Golden Gun Mary Goodnight
 Andrea Anders
 Saida
 Chew Mee Britt Ekland
Maud Adams
Carmen du Sautoy
 Francoise Therry Swedish
 Swedish
 English
 French
The Spy Who Loved Me Anya Amasova
 Harem Tent Girl
 Log Cabin Girl
 Naomi
 Felicca Barbara Bach
 Felicity York
 Sue Vanner
Caroline Munro
Olga Bisera American
—
English
 English
Bosnian
Moonraker Holly Goodhead
 Corinne Dufour
 Manuela
 Dolly
 Hostess Private Jet Lois Chiles
Corinne Cléry
Emily Bolton
Blanche Ravalec
Leila Shenna American
 French
 Brazilian
 French
Moroccan
For Your Eyes Only Melina Havelock
 Countess Lisl von Schlaf
 Bibi Dahl Carole Bouquet
Cassandra Harris
Lynn-Holly Johnson French
Australian
 American
Octopussy Octopussy
 Magda
 Penelope Smallbone
 Bianca Maud Adams
Kristina Wayborn
Michaela Clavell
 Tina Hudson Swedish
 Swedish
 English
 English
A View to a Kill Stacey Sutton
 Kimberley Jones
 May Day
 Pola Ivanova
 Jenny Flex
 Pan Ho Tanya Roberts
Mary Stävin
Grace Jones
Fiona Fullerton
Alison Doody
Papillon Soo Soo American
 Swedish
 Jamaican/American
 Nigerian/British
Irish
 British
The Living Daylights Kara Milovy
 Rosika Miklos
 Linda
 Rubavitch Maryam d'Abo
Julie T. Wallace
 Kell Tyler
Virginia Hey Dutch/Georgian
 English
 American
 Australian
Licence to Kill Pam Bouvier
 Lupe Lamora
 Loti
 Della Churchill Leiter Carey Lowell
Talisa Soto
Diana Lee-Hsu
Priscilla Barnes American
 American
 American
 American
GoldenEye Natalya Simonova
Xenia Onatopp
 Caroline Izabella Scorupco
Famke Janssen
Serena Gordon Polish/Swedish
Dutch
 English
Tomorrow Never Dies Wai Lin
 Paris Carver
 Prof. Inga Bergstrøm Michelle Yeoh
Teri Hatcher
Cecilie Thomsen Malaysian
 American
Danish
The World Is Not Enough Dr. Christmas Jones
 Elektra King
 Dr. Molly Warmflash
 Giulietta da Vinci Denise Richards
Sophie Marceau
Serena Scott Thomas
Maria Grazia Cucinotta American
 French
 English
 Italian
Die Another Day Giacinta "Jinx" Johnson
 Miranda Frost
 Peaceful Fountains of Desire
 Halle Berry
Rosamund Pike
Rachel Grant
 American
 English
 Filipino/British
Casino Royale Vesper Lynd
 Solange Dimitrios
 Valenka Eva Green
Caterina Murino
Ivana Miličević French
 Italian
 American/Croatian
Quantum of Solace Camille Montes
 Strawberry Fields Olga Kurylenko
Gemma Arterton French/Ukrainian
 English
Skyfall Sévérine
 Bond's Lover
 Bérénice Marlohe
Tonia Sotiropoulou
 French
Greek

Non-Eon films[edit]
In addition to the Eon Productions films, there have been two Bond films produced by independent studios and one television production.

Film
Bond girl
Actress
Actress' nationality
Casino Royale
 (1954 television production) Valerie Mathis Linda Christian Mexican
Casino Royale
 1967 film Vesper Lynd
 Miss Goodthighs
 Miss Moneypenny
 Agent Mimi/Lady Fiona McTarry
 The Detainer
 Mata Bond
 Buttercup Ursula Andress
Jacqueline Bisset
Barbara Bouchet
Deborah Kerr
Daliah Lavi
Joanna Pettet
Angela Scoular Swiss
 English/French
 German/American
Scottish
 Israeli
 English/Canadian
 English
Never Say Never Again
 1983 film Domino Petachi
 Fatima Blush
 Patricia Fearing
 Lady in Bahamas
 Nicole Kim Basinger
Barbara Carrera
Prunella Gee
Valerie Leon
 Saskia Cohen Tanugi American
Nicaraguan/American
 English
 English
 French
Video games[edit]

Game
Bond girl
Actress (if applicable)
Agent Under Fire Zoe Nightshade
 Adrian Malprave
 Dr. Natalya Damescu Caron Pascoe (voice)
 Eve Karpf (voice)
 Beatie Edney (voice)
Nightfire Dominique Paradis
 Zoe Nightshade
 Alura McCall
 Makiko Hayashi Lena Reno (voice)
Jeanne Mori (voice)
Kimberley Davies (voice)
Tamlyn Tomita (voice)
Everything or Nothing Serena St. Germaine
 Dr. Katya Nadanova
 Miss Nagai
 Mya Starling Shannon Elizabeth
Heidi Klum
Misaki Ito
Mýa
GoldenEye: Rogue Agent Pussy Galore
 Xenia Onatopp Jeannie Elias (voice)
Jenya Lano (voice)
From Russia with Love Tatiana Romanova
 Eva Adara
 Elizabeth Stark Daniela Bianchi (likeness)
Kari Wahlgren (voice)
Maria Menounos
Natasha Bedingfield
Blood Stone Nicole Hunter Joss Stone (likeness and voice)
GoldenEye 007 Xenia Onatopp
 Natalya Simonova Kate Magowan (likeness and voice)
Kirsty Mitchell (likeness and voice)
007 Legends Holly Goodhead
 Tracy Draco
 Pam Bouvier
 Jinx
 Pussy Galore Jane Perry
Diana Rigg (likeness), Nicola Walker (voice)
Carey Lowell
Gabriela Montaraz (likeness), Madalena Alberto (voice)
Honor Blackman (likeness), Natasha Little (voice)
Documentary[edit]
In 2002 former Bond girl Maryam d'Abo co-wrote the book Bond Girls Are Forever: The Women of James Bond. This book later became a DVD exclusive documentary featuring d'Abo and other Bond girls, including Ursula Andress. In some locations, the documentary was released as a gift with the purchase of Die Another Day on DVD. The featurette was included on the DVD release of Casino Royale (2006) with an updated segment referencing the newest film.
Critical studies[edit]
Robert A. Caplen's 2001 work, Shaken and Stirred: The Feminism of James Bond, 1962–1979, discussed the cultural impact of the Bond girl within the context of the feminist and Women's Liberation movements.[33] In 2003, scholarly critiques of Pussy Galore and Miss Moneypenny, authored by Professors Elizabeth Ladenson and Tara Brabazon, respectively, were published in The James Bond Phenomenon: A Critical Reader.[34] In 2009, researchers at Cleveland State University and Kent State University published an article, Shaken and Stirred: A Content Analysis of Women's Portrayals in James Bond Films, which provided a quantitative content analysis of 195 female characters appearing in twenty James Bond films.[35]
See also[edit]
Outline of James Bond
References[edit]
1.Jump up ^ Caplen, Robert A., Shaken & Stirred: The Feminism of James Bond (Xlibris, 2010), pref.
2.Jump up ^ Jütting 2007, p. 65.
3.Jump up ^ Lipp 2006, p. 34.
4.Jump up ^ Comentale, Watt & Willman 2005, p. 134.
5.Jump up ^ For a general discussion of the characteristics of the Fleming Bond girl, see the relevant chapters of O. F. Snelling, 007 James Bond: A Report (Signet, 1965).
6.Jump up ^ James Bond (literary character)#Background
7.^ Jump up to: a b Fleming, Ian, Live and Let Die (MacMillan, 1954), ch. 10.
8.Jump up ^ Fleming, Ian, From Russia, With Love (MacMillan, 1957), ch. 9.
9.Jump up ^ Fleming, Ian, The Spy Who Loved Me (Glidrose, 1962), ch. 2.
10.Jump up ^ Fleming, Ian, You Only Live Twice (Glidrose, 1964), ch. 12.
11.Jump up ^ Fleming, Ian, Moonraker (MacMillan, 1955), ch. 16.
12.^ Jump up to: a b From Russia, With Love, ch. 8
13.^ Jump up to: a b Fleming, Ian, Goldfinger (Glidrose, 1959), ch. 17.
14.Jump up ^ Snelling, 007 James Bond: A Report.
15.Jump up ^ Fleming, Ian, The Man with the Golden Gun (Glidrose, 1965), ch. 4
16.^ Jump up to: a b Fleming, Ian, Live and Let Die (MacMillan, 1954), ch. 7.
17.^ Jump up to: a b Fleming, Ian, Casino Royale (Glidrose, 1953), ch. 5.
18.Jump up ^ Fleming, Ian, Casino Royale (Glidrose, 1953), ch. 5; ibid., Moonraker (MacMillan, 1955), ch. 11; ibid., Diamonds are Forever (MacMillan, 1956), ch. 5; ibid., From Russia, With Love (MacMillan, 1957), ch. 8; ibid., Doctor No (Glidrose, 1958), ch. 8; ibid., The Spy Who Loved Me (Glidrose, 1962), ch. 2; ibid., The Man with the Golden Gun (Glidrose, 1965), ch. 4.
19.Jump up ^ Fleming, Ian, Casino Royale (Glidrose, 1953), ch. 5; ibid., Live and Let Die (MacMillan, 1954), ch. 7; ibid., Moonraker (MacMillan, 1955), ch. 11; ibid., From Russia, With Love (MacMillan, 1957), ch. 8; ibid., Doctor No (Glidrose, 1958), ch. 8; ibid., The Spy Who Loved Me (Glidrose, 1962), ch. 2; ibid., On Her Majesty’s Secret Service (Glidrose, 1963), ch. 3; ibid., The Man with the Golden Gun (Glidrose, 1965), ch. 4.
20.Jump up ^ Fleming, Ian, Diamonds are Forever (MacMillan, 1956), ch. 5.
21.Jump up ^ Fleming, Ian, Thunderball (Glidrose, 1961), ch. 11
22.Jump up ^ Fleming, Ian, Diamonds are Forever (MacMillan, 1956), ch. 22.
23.Jump up ^ Fleming, Ian, Diamonds are Forever (MacMillan, 1956), ch. 8.
24.Jump up ^ Fleming, Ian, Doctor No (Glidrose, 1958), ch. 11.
25.^ Jump up to: a b Fleming, Ian, Goldfinger (Glidrose, 1959), ch. 23.
26.Jump up ^ Fleming, Ian, You Only Live Twice (Glidrose, 1964), ch. 14.
27.^ Jump up to: a b Macintyre, Ben (5 April 2008). "Was Ian Fleming the real 007?". The Times (London). Retrieved 8 March 2011.
28.Jump up ^ "The 10 Best Bond Girls – EW.com". Entertainment Weekly.
29.Jump up ^ [1][dead link]
30.Jump up ^ Geier, Thom; Jensen, Jeff; Jordan, Tina; Lyons, Margaret; Markovitz, Adam; Nashawaty, Chris; Pastorek, Whitney; Rice, Lynette; Rottenberg, Josh; Schwartz, Missy; Slezak, Michael; Snierson, Dan; Stack, Tim; Stroup, Kate; Tucker, Ken; Vary, Adam B.; Vozick-Levinson, Simon; Ward, Kate (11 December 2009), "The 100 Greatest Movies, TV Shows, Albums, Books, Characters, Scenes, Episodes, Songs, Dresses, Music Videos, and Trends That Entertained Us Over the Past 10 Years". Entertainment Weekly. (1079/1080):74-84
31.Jump up ^ Caplen, Robert A., Shaken & Stirred: The Feminism of James Bond (Xlibris, 2010), ch. 0011.
32.Jump up ^ "Curse Of The Bond Girl". Cinema.com. 25 April 2001. Retrieved 29 March 2012.
33.Jump up ^ http://cocatalog.loc.gov, Registration No. TXu001060400. The work was later published as Shaken & Stirred: The Feminism of James Bond.
34.Jump up ^ Lindner, Christoph, ed., The James Bond Phenomenon: A Critical Reader (Manchester University, 2003), chs. 11–12.
35.Jump up ^ "SpringerLink – Sex Roles, Volume 62, Numbers 11–12". Springerlink.com. doi:10.1007/s11199-009-9644-2. Retrieved 29 March 2012.
Bibliography[edit]
Comentale, Edward P; Watt, Stephen; Willman, Skip (2005). Ian Fleming & James Bond: the cultural politics of 007. Indiana University Press. ISBN 978-0-253-21743-1.
Jütting, Kerstin (2007). "Grow Up, 007!": James Bond Over the Decades: Formula Vs. Innovation. GRIN Verlag. ISBN 978-3-638-85372-9.
Lipp, Deborah (2006). The Ultimate James Bond Fan Book. New York: Sterling & Ross Publishers. ISBN 978-0-9766372-8-8.


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List of James Bond allies
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to: navigation, search

Following is a list of recurring and notable allies of James Bond who appear throughout the film series and novels.


Contents  [hide]
1 MI6 1.1 M
1.2 Miss Moneypenny
1.3 Q
1.4 Bill Tanner
1.5 Mary Goodnight
1.6 Loelia Ponsonby
1.7 Charles Robinson
1.8 Smithers
1.9 00 agents
2 Recurring allies 2.1 Felix Leiter
2.2 General Gogol
2.3 Sir Frederick Gray
2.4 Marc-Ange Draco
2.5 René Mathis
2.6 May Maxwell
2.7 Sir James Moloney
2.8 Sheriff J.W. Pepper
2.9 Quarrel
2.10 John Strangways
2.11 Tiger Tanaka
2.12 Ronnie Vallance
2.13 Jack Wade
2.14 Valentin Dmitrovich Zukovsky
3 Film-specific allies 3.1 Additional allies
4 See also
5 References
6 External links

MI6[edit]
M[edit]
Main article: M
M is the Head of the Secret Intelligence Service. Fleming based the character on a number of people he knew who commanded sections of British intelligence. M has appeared in the novels by Fleming and seven continuation authors, as well as 24 films. M has been portrayed by Bernard Lee, Robert Brown, Judi Dench, Ralph Fiennes, John Huston and Edward Fox.
Miss Moneypenny[edit]
Main article: Miss Moneypenny
Miss Moneypenny is the secretary to M. The films depict her as having a reserved romantic interest in Bond, although Fleming's novels do not imply such a relationship while the John Gardner and Raymond Benson novels emphasize it more. In the film series, Moneypenny has been portrayed by Lois Maxwell, Barbara Bouchet, Pamela Salem, Caroline Bliss, Samantha Bond and Naomie Harris.
Q[edit]
Main article: Q
Q (standing for Quartermaster), like M, is the head of Q Branch (or later Q Division), the fictional research and development division of the British Secret Service. He has appeared in 20 of 23 Eon Bond films; all except Live and Let Die, Casino Royale and Quantum of Solace. The character was also featured in the non-Eon Bond films Casino Royale (1967) and Never Say Never Again. He has been portrayed by Desmond Llewelyn for most of the films, but has also been portrayed by Peter Burton, Geoffrey Bayldon, Alec McCowen, John Cleese (who is credited as R), and Ben Whishaw.
Bill Tanner[edit]
Main article: Bill Tanner
Bill Tanner is MI6's Chief of Staff. Tanner is a Bond ally appearing regularly in the novels of Ian Fleming and John Gardner, as well as in Kingsley Amis' Colonel Sun, but he has never been a regular cinematic character. His biggest cinematic role was in For Your Eyes Only (1981), in which Tanner was given a bigger role while M was "on leave," due to Bernard Lee's death that prevented him from reprising his role as M in the film.
In 1965, Amis wrote the authorised spin-off The Book of Bond, or Every Man His Own 007, a tongue-in-cheek guide to being a spy. The book is not credited to Amis, but rather to Lt. Col. William "Bill" Tanner.
Michael Goodliffe (1974) (uncredited)
James Villiers (1981)
Michael Kitchen (1995–1999)
Rory Kinnear (2008–present)
Mary Goodnight[edit]
Mary Goodnight is Bond's second personal secretary. She first appears in the novel On Her Majesty's Secret Service, then again in You Only Live Twice. By the time of her appearance in The Man with the Golden Gun, she has been assigned to the Kingston station of the service, although she has a much larger role. She appears later in the Jeffery Deaver novel Carte Blanche.
She appears in the film The Man with the Golden Gun as a Bond girl, played by Britt Ekland.
Loelia Ponsonby[edit]
Loelia Ponsonby is Bond's shared personal secretary in many of the Bond novels. She is also the secretary for 008 and 0011, both of whom share an office with Bond. She retires and is replaced in On Her Majesty's Secret Service by Mary Goodnight after she marries a member of the Baltic Exchange. For the films, her flirtatious relationship with Bond is transferred to and replaced by Miss Moneypenny. Loelia nearly made her onscreen debut in GoldenEye, but she was removed from the final draft. The name of the character may be based on the Duchess of Westminster of the same name.[1]
Charles Robinson[edit]
Charles Robinson is the Deputy Chief of Staff at MI6 in the Pierce Brosnan Bond films. He first appears in Tomorrow Never Dies, then later in The World Is Not Enough, and Die Another Day. Played by Colin Salmon, Robinson appears to be M's right-hand man and is often seen at her side. When Bond reports in with MI6, he often does so to Robinson.
Smithers[edit]
One of Q's assistants, Smithers makes two film appearances: in For Your Eyes Only and Octopussy. He is played by Jeremy Bulloch and Richard Vernon.
00 agents[edit]
Main article: 00 Agent
The 00 Section of MI6 is considered the elite of the Secret Service. Agents with the 00 prefix have proven themselves capable enough in the field to be entrusted with the licence to kill: the authorisation to, at their own discretion, commit acts of assassination and other controversial activities in order to complete their missions, without having to first seek permission from headquarters.
The following 00 agents have been referenced onscreen in the James Bond films. Additional 00 agents, ranging from 001 to 0012, have been referenced in literature and in comic strips.
002 – Mentioned in The Man with the Golden Gun, named Bill Fairbanks and killed by Francisco Scaramanga. A different 002 (name not revealed) dies during the opening sequence of The Living Daylights.
003 – Body found in a snowbank at the start of A View to a Kill.
004 – Killed during the opening sequence of The Living Daylights.
005 – Seen attending a meeting during Thunderball.
006 – Named Alec Trevelyan, a one-time ally and friend of Bond who is presumed dead for nine years; he is the primary antagonist in GoldenEye.
007 – James Bond (the only-known holder of the number).
008 – Mentioned by M in Goldfinger as a potential replacement for Bond if his mission fails. Bond also mentions this to Goldfinger himself. 008 is also mentioned in The Living Daylights as an alternate choice to assassinate General Pushkin if Bond refuses to do so.
009 – Seen early in Octopussy, killed by twins working for General Orlov. However, 009 still manages to complete his mission by returning the real Fabergé egg and Bond later avenges his death. 009 is also mentioned in the film The World Is Not Enough, as the agent who initially shoots Renard.
Additional unidentified 00 agents are seen briefly in Thunderball and The World is Not Enough. In the latter, one of the agents is revealed to be female.
Recurring allies[edit]
Felix Leiter[edit]
Main article: Felix Leiter
Jack Lord (1962)
Cec Linder (1964)
Rik Van Nutter (1965)
Norman Burton (1971)
David Hedison (1973 & 1989)
Bernie Casey (1983)
John Terry (1987)
Jeffrey Wright (2006 & 2008)
A revised version of the character of Felix Leiter appears in the 1954 television adaptation of Casino Royale. In that version, Leiter is a British agent named Clarence Leiter and is played by Michael Pate.
General Gogol[edit]
General Gogol is the head of the KGB in the films The Spy Who Loved Me, Moonraker, For Your Eyes Only, Octopussy, and A View to a Kill. In his final appearance, in The Living Daylights, the character has become a post-Glasnost envoy in the Foreign Service and is succeeded as head of the KGB by General Pushkin. In the end credits of the film, his first name is listed as "Anatol", although in The Spy Who Loved Me, M referred to him as Alexis. Gogol is played by Walter Gotell (who also played a S.P.E.C.T.R.E. henchman in From Russia with Love). With the KGB, Gogol often allies himself with Bond to stave off the possibility of war with the West, an ideal that is not always shared with his comrades—such as when he argues against Soviet General Orlov's reckless proposal of military conquest in Octopussy. Only in For Your Eyes Only and A View to a Kill does Gogol act as an enemy but, even then, his actions are more those of a respectful competitor. He particularly opposes the methods of the villain Max Zorin in A View to a Kill. General Gogol has a secretary named Miss Rublevitch.
Sir Frederick Gray[edit]
Sir Frederick Gray is the Minister of Defence (the Secretary of State for Defence) in the films The Spy Who Loved Me, Moonraker, For Your Eyes Only, Octopussy, A View to a Kill, and The Living Daylights). He is played by Geoffrey Keen.
In The Spy Who Loved Me, after being briefed on his forthcoming mission to Egypt, Bond holds a private discussion with Gray, to whom he refers as "Freddie". It is never revealed how they know each other well enough for Bond to be so informal. In the next few films, Bond calls Gray "Minister," since most of their scenes include other officials.
Marc-Ange Draco[edit]
Draco appears in the novels On Her Majesty's Secret Service, working as an ally of Bond and Never Dream of Dying, where 007's former father-in-law turns out to be linked to the villain of the Union. He also appears in the film On Her Majesty's Secret Service, portrayed by Gabriele Ferzetti.
René Mathis[edit]
Mathis is a longtime friend of Bond and an agent of the French secret service DGSE. He is a main character in Casino Royale and a supporting character in From Russia, with Love, Never Dream of Dying and Devil May Care. It is Mathis who captures the SMERSH villain Rosa Klebb, and he is the one who uses CPR to keep Bond alive until a doctor arrives after Bond is poisoned by Klebb.
In Casino Royale, it is revealed that he originally met Bond on assignment in Monte Carlo prior to World War II, when Bond was trying to crack down on a group of Romanians cheating at a local casino with the use of invisible ink. Mathis is reassigned to work with Bond at the time of the events in Casino Royale, where he poses as a radio salesman, assisting Bond and introducing him to Vesper Lynd.
In the novel Thunderball, Bill Tanner asks Moneypenny to send a copy of SPECTRE's ransom demand letter to Mathis at the Deuxième Bureau. In Never Dream of Dying, he is captured by the head of the Union Le Gérant and is blinded with lasers. Bond later saves him from imprisonment. A younger version of Mathis appears in the "Young Bond" short story A Hard Man to Kill. This may have been the first time the two met.
The characters of Mathis and Felix Leiter are combined to form Clarance Leiter in the original 1954 Climax! production of "Casino Royale". Mathis first appears onscreen in the 1967 film Casino Royale, played by Duncan Macrae, and is featured in the 2006 adaptation of Casino Royale. In this film, Mathis is an MI6 agent, played by Giancarlo Giannini. He reprises the role in Quantum of Solace, where he is murdered. Bond later avenges his death.
May Maxwell[edit]
May Maxwell is Bond's loyal and elderly Scottish housekeeper, who is often mentioned in numerous novels by Ian Fleming. She also appears in several John Gardner novels, as well making a cameo appearance in the first "Young James Bond" novel, SilverFin. She has yet to make an appearance in any of the Bond films. May is named after the housekeeper of Ivar Bryce, a friend of Fleming.
Sir James Moloney[edit]
A noted neurologist whose expertise is frequently employed by M and the Secret Services, Moloney appears in the novels Dr No, Thunderball, You Only Live Twice, and The Man with the Golden Gun.
Sheriff J.W. Pepper[edit]
Sheriff J.W. Pepper is a parish sheriff in Louisiana. He appears in the films Live and Let Die and The Man with the Golden Gun. Played by Clifton James, he is mostly used as comic relief, especially and memorably for his somewhat bigoted attitudes and his tendency to speak loudly about whatever is on his mind.
Quarrel[edit]
Quarrel is a Cayman Islander living in Jamaica. He first appears in the novel Live and Let Die as Bond's guide while 007 is investigating Mr. Big. Quarrel later appears in the novel Dr. No to help Bond infiltrate Dr. Julius No's island, Crab Key. The only Bond film in which Quarrel appears is the 1962 film Dr. No, played by John Kitzmiller where, as in the novel, he is killed by Dr. No's mythical "dragon". For the film adaptation of Live and Let Die, Bond teams up with Quarrel's son, Quarrel Jr., played by Roy Stewart.
John Strangways[edit]
John Strangways is a former Lieutenant Commander in the special branch of the Royal Naval Volunteer Reserve. He makes his first appearance in the novel Live and Let Die as the chief Secret Service agent in the Caribbean. Strangways is roughly 35 years old and wears a black patch over one eye. He later appears in the novel Dr. No, where he and his Number 2, Mary Trueblood (a former Chief Officer in the Women's Royal Naval Service), are assassinated for prying into Dr. Julius No's business.
In the films, Strangways makes his first and only appearance in Dr. No where, as in the novel, he is killed for investigating Dr. No. Contrary to the novel, however, Strangways does not wear an eye patch in film. He is portrayed by Timothy Moxon and voiced by Robert Rietty (who would later voice villains Emilio Largo in Thunderball and Ernst Stavro Blofeld in For Your Eyes Only).
Tiger Tanaka[edit]
Tiger Tanaka is an ally to Bond in the film You Only Live Twice. A member of the Japanese secret service, he supplies an army of ninjas to attack Ernst Stavro Blofeld. Tanaka helps Bond disguise himself to look Japanese so that Blofeld will not recognise him. Tanaka arranges for Bond to marry a girl native to the land in order to provide extra cover. Kissy Suzuki is Bond's new wife and, together, Bond, Suzuki, and Tanaka succeed in attacking Blofeld's volcano base, even though Blofeld survived. Tanaka is portrayed by Tetsurō Tamba.[2] He also appears in the 007 novels You Only Live Twice and The Man with the Red Tattoo.
Ronnie Vallance[edit]
Vallance appears in four of the Bond novels: Moonraker, Diamonds Are Forever, Colonel Sun and On Her Majesty's Secret Service, as well as two of the short stories: "The Property of a Lady" and "Risico", . He is the head of Special Branch, with the Metropolitan Police rank of Assistant Commissioner, and the boss of Gala Brand.
Jack Wade[edit]
Jack Wade is an American CIA agent that appears in the films GoldenEye and Tomorrow Never Dies. He is played by Joe Don Baker, who also appears in The Living Daylights as Brad Whittaker, a mercenary and international arms dealer, who is one of the two main villains in that film.
Valentin Dmitrovich Zukovsky[edit]
Valentin Dmitrovich Zukovsky is an ex-KGB agent-turned-Russian mafia head who runs a bar, a casino, and a caviar factory. When he was younger (and a KGB agent), a conflict with Bond ended with Bond shooting Zukovsky in the leg, causing him to walk with a limp. However, after leaving the KGB, Zukovsky does not hold a grudge towards Bond, especially when dealing with Bond means turning a profit. Played by Robbie Coltrane, Zukovsky makes two appearances in the films, his first being in GoldenEye before being shot and mortally wounded by Elektra King in The World Is Not Enough. He lives long enough after being shot to execute a trick shot using a gun hidden within his cane, enabling Bond to escape King's trap.
Film-specific allies[edit]
This section lists allies who each appear in only one film.

Film
Character
Actor / Actress
Affiliation
Status
Dr. No Honey Rider Ursula Andress  Active
Quarrel John Kitzmiller CIA Deceased
Pleydell-Smith Louis Blaazer  Active
Puss Feller Lester Prendergast (uncredited) CIA Active
From Russia with Love Tatiana Romanova Daniela Bianchi SMERSH Active
Kerim Bey Pedro Armendáriz British Intelligence Deceased
Goldfinger Pussy Galore Honor Blackman Auric Industries Active
Jill Masterson Shirley Eaton Auric Industries Deceased
Tilly Masterson Tania Mallet None Deceased
Colonel Smithers Richard Vernon Bank of England Active
Thunderball Dominique "Domino" Derval Claudine Auger  Active
Patricia Fearing Molly Peters Shrublands Spa Active
Paula Caplan Martine Beswick British Intelligence Deceased
You Only Live Twice Tiger Tanaka Tetsurō Tamba Japanese Secret Service Active
Aki Akiko Wakabayashi Japanese Secret Service Deceased
Kissy Suzuki Mie Hama Japanese Secret Service Active
Dikko Henderson Charles Gray British Intelligence Deceased
Ling Tsai Chin British Intelligence Active
On Her Majesty's Secret Service Tracy Bond Diana Rigg  Deceased
Marc-Ange Draco Gabriele Ferzetti Union Corse Active
Campbell Bernard Horsfall British Intelligence Deceased
Sir Hilary Bray George Baker Royal College of Arms Active
Diamonds Are Forever Tiffany Case Jill St. John Unnamed syndicate Active
Sir Donald Munger Laurence Naismith  Active
Willard Whyte Jimmy Dean  Active
Plenty O'Toole Lana Wood  Deceased
Live and Let Die Solitaire Jane Seymour Dr. Kananga Active
Harold Strutter Lon Satton CIA Deceased
Quarrel Jr. Roy Stewart CIA Active
Rosie Gloria Hendry CIA/Dr. Kananga Deceased
The Man with the Golden Gun Colthorpe James Cossins British Intelligence Active
Mary Goodnight Britt Ekland British Intelligence Active
Lieutenant Hip Soon-Tek Oh MI6 Active
Andrea Anders Maud Adams Fransico Scaramanga Deceased
The Spy Who Loved Me Anya Amasova Barbara Bach Soviet Army/KGB Active
Admiral Hargreaves Robert Brown Royal Navy Active
Commander Carter Shane Rimmer U.S. Navy Active
Sheikh Hosein Edward De Souza British Intelligence Active
Moonraker Holly Goodhead Lois Chiles CIA Active
Corinne Dufour Corinne Cléry Drax Industries Deceased
Manuela Emily Bolton British Intelligence Active
Jaws (changes sides) Richard Kiel Hugo Drax Active
Dolly Blanche Ravalec Jaws Active
For Your Eyes Only Melina Havelock Carole Bouquet  Active
Milos Columbo Chaim Topol Self-employed Active
Luigi Ferrara John Moreno British Intelligence Deceased
Octopussy Octopussy Maud Adams Self-employed/Kamal Khan Active
Magda Kristina Wayborn Octopussy/Kamal Khan Active
Penelope Smallbone Michaela Clavell British Intelligence Active
Jim Fanning Douglas Wilmer British Intelligence Active
Vijay Vijay Amritraj British Intelligence Deceased
Bianca Tina Hudson British Intelligence Active
A View to a Kill Stacey Sutton Tanya Roberts  Active
Kimberley Jones Mary Stävin British Intelligence Active
Achille Aubergine Jean Rougerie Sûreté Deceased
Sir Godfrey Tibbett Patrick Macnee British Intelligence Deceased
Pola Ivanova Fiona Fullerton KGB Active
Chuck Lee David Yip CIA Deceased
May Day Grace Jones Max Zorin Deceased
The Living Daylights Kara Milovy Maryam d'Abo  Active
Saunders Thomas Wheatley British Intelligence Deceased
General Leonid Pushkin John Rhys-Davies KGB Active
Kamran Shah Art Malik Mujahideen Active
Licence to Kill Pam Bouvier Carey Lowell CIA Active
Lupe Lamora Talisa Soto Franz Sanchez Active
Sharkey Frank McRae CIA Deceased
Heller Don Stroud Franz Sanchez Deceased
Kwang Cary-Hiroyuki Tagawa British Intelligence Deceased
GoldenEye Natalya Fyodorovna Simonova Izabella Scorupco Russian government Active
Caroline Serena Gordon British Intelligence Active
Tomorrow Never Dies Wai Lin Michelle Yeoh Chinese Intelligence Active
Paris Carver Teri Hatcher Elliot Carver Deceased
Admiral Roebuck Geoffrey Palmer British Navy Active
The World Is Not Enough Sir Robert King David Calder  Deceased
Dr. Christmas Jones Denise Richards Elektra King Active
Dr. Molly Warmflash Serena Scott Thomas British Intelligence Active
Die Another Day Jinx Halle Berry NSA Active
Raoul Emilio Echevarría  Active
Damian Falco Michael Madsen NSA Active
Mr. Chang Ho Yi Chinese Intelligence Active
General Moon Kenneth Tsang Korean People's Army Deceased
Casino Royale Vesper Lynd Eva Green HM Treasury/British Intelligence Deceased
Carter Joseph Millson British Intelligence Active
Mendel Ludger Pistor  Active
Villers Tobias Menzies British Intelligence Active
Solange Caterina Murino Alex Dimitrios Deceased
Quantum of Solace Camille Olga Kurylenko Dominic Greene Active
Strawberry Fields Gemma Arterton British Intelligence Deceased
Gregg Beam David Harbour CIA Retired
Foreign Secretary Tim Pigott-Smith  Active
Skyfall Severine Bérénice Marlohe Mr. Silva Deceased
Kincade Albert Finney Skyfall estate Active
Ronson Bill Buckhurst British Intelligence Deceased
Additional allies[edit]
Thunderball:
Major François Derval (played by Paul Stassino)
Foreign Secretary (played by Roland Culver)
Sir John (played by Edward Underdown)
Kenniston (played by Reginald Beckwith)
Ladislav Kutze (played by George Pravda)
Group Captain Pritchard (played by Leonard Sachs)
Casino Royale (1967 version):
Mata Bond (played by Joanna Pettet)
Sir James Bond's Butler (played by Erik Chitty)
Captain Carlton-Towers (played by Bernard Cribbins)
Chinese General (played by Burt Kwouk)
Cooper (played by Terence Cooper)
"The Detainer" (played by Daliah Lavi)
French Legionnaire (played by Jean-Paul Belmondo)
Le Grand (played by Charles Boyer)
Lady Fiona McTarry (played by Deborah Kerr)
Ransome (played by William Holden)
Mr. Slymington-Jones (played by Colin Gordon)
Smernov (played by Kurt Kasznar)
Evelyn Tremble (played by Peter Sellers)
Never Say Never Again:
Nigel Small-Fawcett (played by Rowan Atkinson)
Lord Ambrose (played by Anthony Sharp)
Gen. Miler (played by Manning Redwood)
Nicole (played by Saskia Cohen Tanugi)
Capt. Pederson (played by Billy J. Mitchell)
See also[edit]

Portal icon James Bond portal
Outline of James Bond
References[edit]
1.Jump up ^ Singh, Anita (22 October 2008). "James Bond author Ian Fleming's letters to the real Miss Moneypenny". The Daily Telegraph (London). Retrieved 7 January 2013.
2.Jump up ^ "James Bond multimedia". Jamesbondmm.co.uk. Retrieved 25 August 2012.
External links[edit]
James Bond multimedia | Bond allies


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James Bond
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to: navigation, search

This article is about the spy series in general. For other uses, see James Bond (disambiguation).
Page semi-protected

James Bond
Fleming007impression.jpg
Ian Fleming's image of James Bond; commissioned to aid the Daily Express comic strip artists.

First appearance
Casino Royale, 1953 novel
Last appearance
Solo, 2013 novel
Created by
Ian Fleming
Portrayed by
George Baker Pierce Brosnan
Christopher Cazenove
Daniel Craig
Sean Connery
Timothy Dalton
Bob Holness
Michael Jayston
George Lazenby
Roger Moore
Barry Nelson
David Niven
Toby Stephens

The James Bond series focuses on a fictional character created in 1953 by writer Ian Fleming, who featured him in twelve novels and two short-story collections. Since Fleming's death in 1964, seven other authors have written authorised Bond novels or novelizations: Kingsley Amis, Christopher Wood, John Gardner, Raymond Benson, Sebastian Faulks, Jeffery Deaver and William Boyd.[1] Additionally, Charlie Higson wrote a series on a young James Bond, and Kate Westbrook wrote three novels based on the diaries of a recurring series character, Moneypenny.
The fictional British Secret Service agent has also been adapted for television, radio, comic strip, video games and film. The films are the longest continually running and the second-highest grossing film series to date, which started in 1962 with Dr. No, starring Sean Connery as Bond. As of 2014, there have been twenty-three films in the Eon Productions series. The most recent Bond film, Skyfall (2012), stars Daniel Craig in his third portrayal of Bond; he is the sixth actor to play Bond in the Eon series. There have also been two independent productions of Bond films: Casino Royale (a 1967 spoof) and Never Say Never Again (a 1983 remake of an earlier Eon-produced film, Thunderball).
The Bond films are renowned for a number of features, including the musical accompaniment, with the theme songs having received Academy Award nominations on several occasions, and one win. Other important elements which run through most of the films include Bond's cars, his girls, his guns, and the gadgets with which he is supplied by Q Branch.


Contents  [hide]
1 Publication history 1.1 Creation and inspiration
1.2 Novels and related works 1.2.1 Ian Fleming novels
1.2.2 Post-Fleming novels
1.2.3 Young Bond
1.2.4 The Moneypenny Diaries

2 Adaptations 2.1 Television
2.2 Radio
2.3 Comics medium
2.4 Films 2.4.1 The Eon Productions films
2.4.2 Non-Eon films
2.4.3 Music
2.5 Video games
3 Guns, vehicles and gadgets 3.1 Guns
3.2 Vehicles
3.3 Gadgets
4 Cultural impact 4.1 Merchandising
5 See also
6 References
7 Bibliography
8 External links

Publication history
Creation and inspiration
Main articles: James Bond (literary character) and Inspirations for James Bond
As the central figure for his works, Ian Fleming created the fictional character of James Bond, an intelligence officer in the Secret Intelligence Service, commonly known as MI6. Bond was also known by his code number, 007, and was a Royal Naval Reserve Commander.
Fleming based his fictional creation on a number of individuals he came across during his time in the Naval Intelligence Division during World War II, admitting that Bond "was a compound of all the secret agents and commando types I met during the war".[2] Among those types were his brother, Peter, who had been involved in behind-the-lines operations in Norway and Greece during the war.[3] Aside from Fleming's brother, a number of others also provided some aspects of Bond's make up, including Conrad O'Brien-ffrench, Patrick Dalzel-Job and Bill "Biffy" Dunderdale.[2]
The name James Bond came from that of the American ornithologist James Bond, a Caribbean bird expert and author of the definitive field guide Birds of the West Indies. Fleming, a keen birdwatcher himself, had a copy of Bond's guide and he later explained to the ornithologist's wife that "It struck me that this brief, unromantic, Anglo-Saxon and yet very masculine name was just what I needed, and so a second James Bond was born".[4] He further explained that:

When I wrote the first one in 1953, I wanted Bond to be an extremely dull, uninteresting man to whom things happened; I wanted him to be a blunt instrument ... when I was casting around for a name for my protagonist I thought by God, (James Bond) is the dullest name I ever heard.
—Ian Fleming, The New Yorker, 21 April 1962[5]
On another occasion, Fleming said: "I wanted the simplest, dullest, plainest-sounding name I could find, 'James Bond' was much better than something more interesting, like 'Peregrine Carruthers'. Exotic things would happen to and around him, but he would be a neutral figure—an anonymous, blunt instrument wielded by a government department."[6]



Hoagy Carmichael—Fleming's view of James Bond.
Fleming decided that Bond should resemble both American singer Hoagy Carmichael and himself[7] and in Casino Royale, Vesper Lynd remarks, "Bond reminds me rather of Hoagy Carmichael, but there is something cold and ruthless." Likewise, in Moonraker, Special Branch Officer Gala Brand thinks that Bond is "certainly good-looking ... Rather like Hoagy Carmichael in a way. That black hair falling down over the right eyebrow. Much the same bones. But there was something a bit cruel in the mouth, and the eyes were cold."[7]
Fleming also endowed Bond with many of his own traits, including sharing the same golf handicap, the taste for scrambled eggs and using the same brand of toiletries.[8] Bond's tastes are also often taken from Fleming's own as was his behaviour,[9] with Bond's love of golf and gambling mirroring Fleming's own. Fleming used his experiences of his espionage career and all other aspects of his life as inspiration when writing, including using names of school friends, acquaintances, relatives and lovers throughout his books.[2]
It was not until the penultimate novel, You Only Live Twice, that Fleming gave Bond a sense of family background. The book was the first to be written after the release of Dr. No in cinemas and Sean Connery's depiction of Bond affected Fleming's interpretation of the character, to give Bond both a sense of humour and Scottish antecedents that were not present in the previous stories.[10] In a fictional obituary, purportedly published in The Times, Bond's parents were given as Andrew Bond, from the village of Glencoe, Scotland, and Monique Delacroix, from the canton of Vaud, Switzerland.[11] Fleming did not provide Bond's date of birth, but John Pearson's fictional biography of Bond, James Bond: The Authorized Biography of 007, gives Bond a birth date on 11 November 1920,[12] while a study by John Griswold puts the date at 11 November 1921.[13]
Novels and related works
Main article: List of James Bond novels and short stories
Ian Fleming novels



Goldeneye, in Jamaica, where Fleming wrote all the Bond novels.[14]
Whilst serving in the Naval Intelligence Division, Fleming had planned to become an author[15] and had told a friend, "I am going to write the spy story to end all spy stories."[2] On 17 February 1952, he began writing his first James Bond novel, Casino Royale at his Goldeneye estate in Jamaica,[16] where he wrote all his Bond novels during the months of January and February each year.[17] He started the story shortly before his wedding to his pregnant girlfriend, Ann Charteris, in order to distract himself from his forthcoming nuptials.[18]
After completing the manuscript for Casino Royale, Fleming showed the manuscript to his friend (and later editor) William Plomer to read. Plomer liked it and submitted it to the publishers, Jonathan Cape, who did not like it as much. Cape finally published it in 1953 on the recommendation of Fleming's older brother Peter, an established travel writer.[17] Between 1953 and 1966, two years after his death, twelve novels and two short-story collections were published, with the last two books – The Man with the Golden Gun and Octopussy and The Living Daylights – published posthumously.[19] All the books were published in the UK through Jonathan Cape.
1953 Casino Royale[20]
1954 Live and Let Die[21]
1955 Moonraker[22]
1956 Diamonds Are Forever[23]
1957 From Russia, with Love[24]
1958 Dr. No[25]
1959 Goldfinger[26]
 1960 For Your Eyes Only[27] (short stories)
1961 Thunderball[28]
1962 The Spy Who Loved Me[29]
1963 On Her Majesty's Secret Service[30]
1964 You Only Live Twice[31]
1965 The Man with the Golden Gun[32]
1966 Octopussy and The Living Daylights[33] (short stories)

Post-Fleming novels
After Fleming's death a continuation novel, Colonel Sun, was written by Kingsley Amis (as Robert Markham) and published in 1968.[34] Amis had already written a literary study of Fleming's Bond novels in his 1965 work The James Bond Dossier.[35] Although novelizations of two of the Eon Productions Bond films appeared in print, James Bond, The Spy Who Loved Me and James Bond and Moonraker, both written by screenwriter Christopher Wood,[36] the series of novels did not continue until the 1980s. In 1981, thriller writer John Gardner picked up the series with Licence Renewed.[37] Gardner went on to write sixteen Bond books in total; two of the books he wrote – Licence to Kill and GoldenEye – were novelizations of Eon Productions films of the same name. Gardner moved the Bond series into the 1980s, although he retained the ages of the characters as they were when Fleming had left them.[38] In 1996, Gardner retired from writing James Bond books due to ill health.[39]
1981 Licence Renewed[40]
1982 For Special Services[41]
1983 Icebreaker[42]
1984 Role of Honour[43]
1986 Nobody Lives for Ever[44]
1987 No Deals, Mr. Bond[45]
1988 Scorpius[46]
1989 Win, Lose or Die[47]
 1989 Licence to Kill[36] (novelization)
1990 Brokenclaw[48]
1991 The Man from Barbarossa[49]
1992 Death is Forever[50]
1993 Never Send Flowers[51]
1994 SeaFire[52]
1995 GoldenEye[36] (novelization)
1996 COLD[53]

In 1996 American author Raymond Benson became the author of the Bond novels. Benson had previously been the author of The James Bond Bedside Companion, first published in 1984.[54] By the time he moved on to other, non-Bond related projects in 2002, Benson had written six Bond novels, three novelizations and three short stories.[55]
1997 "Blast From the Past"[56] (short story)
1997 Zero Minus Ten[57]
1997 Tomorrow Never Dies[36] (novelization)
1998 The Facts of Death[58]
1999 "Midsummer Night's Doom"[59] (short story)
1999 "Live at Five"[60] (short story)
 1999 The World Is Not Enough[36] (novelization)
1999 High Time to Kill[61]
2000 DoubleShot[62]
2001 Never Dream of Dying[63]
2002 The Man with the Red Tattoo[64]
2002 Die Another Day[36] (novelization)

After a gap of six years, Sebastian Faulks was commissioned by Ian Fleming Publications to write a new Bond novel, which was released on 28 May 2008, the 100th anniversary of Ian Fleming's birth.[65] The book—titled Devil May Care—was published in the UK by Penguin Books and by Doubleday in the US.[66] American writer Jeffery Deaver was then commissioned by Ian Fleming Publications to produce Carte Blanche, which was published on 26 May 2011.[67] The book updated Bond into a post-9/11 agent, independent of MI5 or MI6.[68] On 26 September 2013 Solo, written by William Boyd, was published, set in 1969.[69]
Young Bond
Main article: Young Bond
The Young Bond series of novels was started by Charlie Higson[70] and, between 2005 and 2009, five novels and one short story were published.[71] The first Young Bond novel, SilverFin was also adapted and released as a graphic novel on 2 October 2008 by Puffin Books.[72] In October 2013 Ian Fleming Publications announced that Stephen Cole would continue the series, with the first edition scheduled to be released in Autumn 2014.[73]
2005 SilverFin[74]
2006 Blood Fever[75]
2007 Double or Die[76]
2007 Hurricane Gold[77]
2008 By Royal Command[78] & SilverFin[79] (graphic novel)
2009 "A Hard Man to Kill"[80] (short story)

The Moneypenny Diaries
The Moneypenny Diaries are a trilogy of novels chronicling the life of Miss Moneypenny, M's personal secretary. The novels are penned by Samantha Weinberg under the pseudonym Kate Westbrook, who is depicted as the book's "editor".[81] The first instalment of the trilogy, subtitled Guardian Angel, was released on 10 October 2005 in the UK.[82] A second volume, subtitled Secret Servant was released on 2 November 2006 in the UK, published by John Murray.[83] A third volume, subtitled Final Fling was released on 1 May 2008.[84]
2005 The Moneypenny Diaries: Guardian Angel[85]
2006 Secret Servant: The Moneypenny Diaries[86]
2008 The Moneypenny Diaries: Final Fling[87]

Adaptations
Television
In 1954 CBS paid Ian Fleming $1,000 ($8,782 in 2014 dollars[88]) to adapt his novel Casino Royale into a one-hour television adventure as part of its Climax! series.[89] The episode aired live on 21 October 1954 and starred Barry Nelson as "Card Sense" James 'Jimmy' Bond and Peter Lorre as Le Chiffre.[90] The novel was adapted for American audiences to show Bond as an American agent working for "Combined Intelligence", while the character Felix Leiter—American in the novel—became British onscreen and was renamed "Clarence Leiter".[91]
In 1973 a BBC documentary Omnibus: The British Hero featured Christopher Cazenove playing a number of such title characters (e.g. Richard Hannay and Bulldog Drummond). The documentary included James Bond in dramatised scenes from Goldfinger—notably featuring 007 being threatened with the novel's circular saw, rather than the film's laser beam—and Diamonds Are Forever.[92] In 1991 a TV cartoon series James Bond Jr. was produced with Corey Burton in the role of Bond's nephew, also called James Bond.[93]
Radio
In 1956, the novel Moonraker was adapted for broadcast on South African radio, with Bob Holness providing the voice of Bond.[94] According to The Independent, "listeners across the Union thrilled to Bob's cultured tones as he defeated evil master criminals in search of world domination".[95]
The BBC have adapted five of the Fleming novels for broadcast: in 1990, You Only Live Twice was adapted into a 90 minute radio play for BBC Radio 4 with Michael Jayston playing James Bond. The production was repeated a number of times between 2008 and 2011.[96] On 24 May 2008, BBC Radio 4 broadcast an adaptation of Dr. No. The actor Toby Stephens, who played Bond villain Gustav Graves in the Eon Productions version of Die Another Day, played Bond, while Dr. No was played by David Suchet.[97] Following its success, a second story was adapted and on 3 April 2010, BBC Radio 4 broadcast Goldfinger with Stephens again playing Bond.[98] Sir Ian McKellen was Goldfinger and Stephens' Die Another Day co-star Rosamund Pike played Pussy Galore. The play was adapted from Fleming's novel by Archie Scottney and was directed by Martin Jarvis.[99] In 2012 the novel From Russia, with Love was dramatized for Radio 4; it featured a full cast again starring Stephens as Bond.[100] In May 2014 Stephens again played Bond, in On Her Majesty's Secret Service, with Alfred Molina as Blofeld, and Joanna Lumley as Irma Bunt.[101]
Comics medium
Main articles: James Bond (comic strip) and James Bond comic books



 John McLusky's rendition of James Bond.
In 1957, the Daily Express approached Ian Fleming to adapt his stories into comic strips, offering him £1,500 per novel and a share of takings from syndication.[102] After initial reluctance, Fleming, who felt the strips would lack the quality of his writing, agreed.[103] To aid the Daily Express in illustrating Bond, Fleming commissioned an artist to create a sketch of how he believed James Bond looked. The illustrator, John McLusky, however, felt that Fleming's 007 looked too "outdated" and "pre-war" and changed Bond to give him a more masculine look.[104] The first strip, Casino Royale was published from 7 July 1958 to 13 December 1958[105] and was written by Anthony Hern and illustrated by John McLusky.[106]
Most of the Bond novels and short stories have since been adapted for illustration, as well as Kingsley Amis's Colonel Sun; the works were written by Henry Gammidge or Jim Lawrence with Yaroslav Horak replacing McClusky as artist in 1966.[105] After the Fleming and Amis material had been adapted, original stories were produced, continuing in the Daily Express and Sunday Express until May 1977.[104]
Several comic book adaptations of the James Bond films have been published through the years: at the time of Dr. No's release in October 1962, a comic book adaptation of the screenplay, written by Norman J. Nodel, was published in Britain as part of the Classics Illustrated anthology series.[107] It was later reprinted in the United States by DC Comics as part of its Showcase anthology series, in January 1963. This was the first American comic book appearance of James Bond and is noteworthy for being a relatively rare example of a British comic being reprinted in a fairly high-profile American comic. It was also one of the earliest comics to be censored on racial grounds (some skin tones and dialogue were changed for the American market).[108][107]
With the release of the 1981 film For Your Eyes Only, Marvel Comics published a two-issue comic book adaptation of the film.[109][110] When Octopussy was released in the cinemas in 1983, Marvel published an accompanying comic;[107] Eclipse also produced a one-off comic for Licence to Kill, although Timothy Dalton refused to allow his likeness to be used.[111] New Bond stories were also drawn up and published from 1989 onwards through Marvel, Eclipse Comics and Dark Horse Comics.[107][110]
Films
Main article: James Bond in film
The Eon Productions films
In 1962 Eon Productions, the company of Canadian Harry Saltzman and American Albert R. "Cubby" Broccoli, released the first cinema adaptation of an Ian Fleming novel, Dr. No, featuring Sean Connery as 007.[112] Connery starred in a further four films before leaving the role after You Only Live Twice,[113] which was taken up by George Lazenby for On Her Majesty's Secret Service.[114] Lazenby left the role after just one appearance and Connery was tempted back for his last Eon-produced film Diamonds Are Forever.[115]
In 1973, Roger Moore was appointed to the role of 007 for Live and Let Die and played Bond a further six times over twelve years before being replaced by Timothy Dalton for two films. After a six-year hiatus, during which a legal wrangle threatened Eon's productions of the Bond films,[116] Irish actor Pierce Brosnan was cast as Bond in GoldenEye, released in 1995; he remained in the role for a total of four films, before leaving in 2002. In 2006, Daniel Craig was given the role of Bond for Casino Royale, which rebooted the series.[117] The twenty-third Eon produced film, Skyfall, was released on 26 October 2012.[118] The series has grossed just over $6 billion to date, making it the second-highest-grossing film series (behind Harry Potter),[119] and the single most successful adjusted for inflation.[120]

Title
Year
Actor
Director
Dr. No 1962 Sean Connery Terence Young
From Russia with Love 1963
Goldfinger 1964 Guy Hamilton
Thunderball 1965 Terence Young
You Only Live Twice 1967 Lewis Gilbert
On Her Majesty's Secret Service 1969 George Lazenby Peter R. Hunt
Diamonds Are Forever 1971 Sean Connery Guy Hamilton
Live and Let Die 1973 Roger Moore
The Man with the Golden Gun 1974
The Spy Who Loved Me 1977 Lewis Gilbert
Moonraker 1979
For Your Eyes Only 1981 John Glen
Octopussy 1983
A View to a Kill 1985
The Living Daylights 1987 Timothy Dalton
Licence to Kill 1989
GoldenEye 1995 Pierce Brosnan Martin Campbell
Tomorrow Never Dies 1997 Roger Spottiswoode
The World Is Not Enough 1999 Michael Apted
Die Another Day 2002 Lee Tamahori
Casino Royale 2006 Daniel Craig Martin Campbell
Quantum of Solace 2008 Marc Forster
Skyfall 2012 Sam Mendes
Non-Eon films
In 1967, Casino Royale was adapted into a parody Bond film starring David Niven as Sir James Bond and Ursula Andress as Vesper Lynd. David Niven had been Ian Fleming's preference for the part of James Bond.[121] The result of a court case in the High Court in London in 1963 allowed Kevin McClory to produce a remake of Thunderball titled Never Say Never Again in 1983.[122] The film, starring Sean Connery as Bond, was not part of the Eon series of Bond films. In 1997 the Sony Corporation acquired all or some of McClory's rights in an undisclosed deal,[122] which were then subsequently acquired by MGM, whilst on 4 December 1997, MGM announced that the company had purchased the rights to Never Say Never Again from Schwartzman's company Taliafilm.[123] Eon now currently (as of 2014) holds the full adaptation rights to all of Fleming's Bond novels.[122][124]

Title
Year
Actor
Director
Casino Royale 1967 David Niven Ken Hughes
John Huston
Joseph McGrath
Robert Parrish
Val Guest
Richard Talmadge
Never Say Never Again 1983 Sean Connery Irvin Kershner
Music
Main article: James Bond music
“ ... cocky, swaggering, confident, dark, dangerous, suggestive, sexy, unstoppable. ”
—David Arnold, on the "James Bond Theme"[125]

The "James Bond Theme" was written by Monty Norman and was first orchestrated by the John Barry Orchestra for 1962's Dr. No, although the actual authorship of the music has been a matter of controversy for many years.[126] In 2001, Norman won £30,000 in libel damages from the The Sunday Times newspaper, which suggested that Barry was entirely responsible for the composition.[127] The theme, as written by Norman and arranged by Barry, was described by another Bond film composer, David Arnold, as "bebop-swing vibe coupled with that vicious, dark, distorted electric guitar, definitely an instrument of rock 'n' roll ... it represented everything about the character you would want: It was cocky, swaggering, confident, dark, dangerous, suggestive, sexy, unstoppable. And he did it in two minutes."[125] Barry composed the scores for eleven Bond films[128] and had an uncredited contribution to Dr. No with his arrangement of the Bond Theme.[125]
A Bond film staple are the theme songs heard during their title sequences sung by well-known popular singers.[129] Several of the songs produced for the films have been nominated for Academy Awards for Original Song, including Paul McCartney's "Live and Let Die",[130] Carly Simon's "Nobody Does It Better",[131] Sheena Easton's "For Your Eyes Only"[132] and Adele's "Skyfall".[133] Adele won the award at the 85th Academy Awards. For the non-Eon produced Casino Royale, Burt Bacharach's score included "The Look of Love", which was nominated for an Academy Award for Best Song.[134]
Video games
Main article: James Bond (games)
In 1983, the first Bond video game, developed and published by Parker Brothers, was released for the Atari 2600, the Atari 5200, the Atari 800, the Commodore 64 and the ColecoVision.[135] Since then, there have been numerous video games either based on the films or using original storylines. In 1997, the first-person shooter video game GoldenEye 007 was developed by Rare for the Nintendo 64, based on the 1995 Pierce Brosnan film GoldenEye.[136] The game received very positive reviews,[137] won the BAFTA Interactive Entertainment Award for UK Developer of the Year in 1998[138] and sold over eight million copies worldwide,[139][140] grossing $250 million.[141]
In 1999, Electronic Arts acquired the licence and released Tomorrow Never Dies on 16 December 1999.[142] In October 2000, they released The World Is Not Enough[143] for the Nintendo 64[144] followed by 007 Racing for the PlayStation on 21 November 2000.[145] In 2003, the company released James Bond 007: Everything or Nothing,[146] which included the likenesses and voices of Pierce Brosnan, Willem Dafoe, Heidi Klum, Judi Dench and John Cleese, amongst others.[147] In November 2005, Electronic Arts released a video game adaptation of 007: From Russia with Love,[148] which involved Sean Connery's image and voice-over for Bond.[148] In 2006 Electronic Arts announced a game based on then-upcoming film Casino Royale: the game was cancelled because it would not be ready by the film's release in November of that year. With MGM losing revenue from lost licensing fees, the franchise was removed from EA to Activision.[149] Activision subsequently released the 007: Quantum of Solace game on 31 October 2008, based on the film of the same name.[150]
A new version of GoldenEye 007 featuring Daniel Craig was released exclusively for the Nintendo Wii and a handheld version for the Nintendo DS in November 2010.[151] A year later another new version was released for Xbox 360 and PlayStation 3 under the title GoldenEye 007: Reloaded.[152][153] In October 2012 007 Legends was released, which featured one mission from each of the Bond actors of the Eon Productions' series.[154]
Guns, vehicles and gadgets
Main articles: List of James Bond firearms, List of James Bond vehicles and List of James Bond gadgets



 The Walther PPK is the most famous of Bond's handguns
Guns
For the first five novels, Fleming armed Bond with a Beretta 418[155] until he received a letter from a thirty-one-year-old Bond enthusiast and gun expert, Geoffrey Boothroyd, criticising Fleming's choice of firearm for Bond,[156] calling it "a lady's gun – and not a very nice lady at that!"[157] Boothroyd suggested that Bond should swap his Beretta for a Walther PPK 7.65mm and this exchange of arms made it to Dr. No.[158] Boothroyd also gave Fleming advice on the Berns-Martin triple draw shoulder holster and a number of the weapons used by SMERSH and other villains.[159] In thanks, Fleming gave the MI6 Armourer in his novels the name Major Boothroyd and, in Dr. No, M introduces him to Bond as "the greatest small-arms expert in the world".[158] Bond also used a variety of rifles, including the Savage Model 99 in "For Your Eyes Only" and a Winchester .308 target rifle in "The Living Daylights".[155] Other handguns used by Bond in the Fleming books included the Colt Detective Special and a long-barrelled Colt .45 Army Special.[155]
The first Bond film, Dr. No, saw M ordering Bond to leave his Beretta behind and take up the Walther PPK,[160] which the film Bond used in eighteen films.[161] In Tomorrow Never Dies and the two subsequent films, Bond's main weapon was the Walther P99 semi-automatic pistol.[161]



 An Aston Martin DB5 as seen in Goldfinger.
Vehicles
In the early Bond stories Fleming gave Bond a battleship-grey Bentley 4½ Litre with an Amherst Villiers supercharger.[162] After Bond's car was written off by Hugo Drax in Moonraker, Fleming gave Bond a Mark II Continental Bentley, which he used in the remaining books of the series.[163] During Goldfinger, Bond was issued with an Aston Martin DB Mark III with a homing device, which he used to track Goldfinger across France. Bond returned to his Bentley for the subsequent novels.[163]
The Bond of the films has driven a number of cars, including the Aston Martin V8 Vantage,[164] during the 1980s, the V12 Vanquish[164] and DBS[165] during the 2000s, as well as the Lotus Esprit;[166] the BMW Z3,[167] BMW 750iL[167] and the BMW Z8.[167] He has, however, also needed to drive a number of other vehicles, ranging from a Citroën 2CV to a Routemaster Bus, amongst others.[168]
Bond's most famous car is the silver grey Aston Martin DB5, first seen in Goldfinger;[169] it later featured in Thunderball, GoldenEye, Tomorrow Never Dies, Casino Royale and Skyfall.[170][171] The films have used a number of different Aston Martins for filming and publicity, one of which was sold in January 2006 at an auction in the US for $2,090,000 to an unnamed European collector.[172]
Gadgets

Small, one man, open-cockpit helicopter on a lawn about the size of a car next to it, with a man sitting in it.

 The Little Nellie autogyro with its creator and pilot, Ken Wallis
Fleming's novels and early screen adaptations presented minimal equipment such as the booby-trapped attaché case in From Russia with Love, although this situation changed dramatically with the films.[173] However, the effects of the two Eon-produced Bond films Dr. No and From Russia with Love had an effect on the novel The Man with the Golden Gun, through the increased number of devices used in Fleming's final story.[174]
For the film adaptations of Bond, the pre-mission briefing by Q Branch became one of the motifs that ran through the series.[175] Dr. No provided no spy-related gadgets, but a Geiger counter was used; industrial designer Andy Davey observed that the first ever onscreen spy-gadget was the attaché case shown in From Russia with Love, which he described as "a classic 007 product".[176] The gadgets assumed a higher profile in the 1964 film Goldfinger. The film's success encouraged further espionage equipment from Q Branch to be supplied to Bond, although the increased use of technology led to an accusation that Bond was over-reliant on equipment, particularly in the later films.[177]



If it hadn't been for Q Branch, you'd have been dead long ago!
Q, to Bond, Licence to Kill
Davey noted that "Bond's gizmos follow the zeitgeist more closely than any other ... nuance in the films"[176] as they moved from the potential representations of the future in the early films, through to the brand-name obsessions of the later films.[176] It is also noticeable that, although Bond uses a number of pieces of equipment from Q Branch, including the Little Nellie autogyro,[178] a jet pack[179] and the exploding attaché case,[180] the villains are also well-equipped with custom-made devices,[176] including Scaramanga's golden gun,[181] Rosa Klebb's poison-tipped shoes,[182] Oddjob's steel-rimmed bowler hat[183] and Blofeld's communication devices in his agents' vanity case.[176]
Cultural impact
See also: James Bond parodies
Cinematically, Bond has been a major influence within the spy genre since the release of Dr. No in 1962,[184] with 22 secret agent films released in 1966 alone attempting to capitalise on its popularity and success.[185] The first parody was the 1964 film Carry On Spying showing the villain Dr. Crow being overcome by agents who included James Bind (Charles Hawtry) and Daphne Honeybutt (Barbara Windsor).[186] One of the films that reacted against the portrayal of Bond was the Harry Palmer series, whose first film, The Ipcress File was released in 1965. The eponymous hero of the series was what academic Jeremy Packer called an "anti-Bond",[187] or what Christoph Lindner calls "the thinking man's Bond".[188] The Palmer series were produced by Harry Saltzman, who also used key crew members from the Bond series, including designer Ken Adam, editor Peter R. Hunt and composer John Barry.[189] The four "Matt Helm" films starring Dean Martin were released between 1966 and 1969,[190] the "Flint" series starring James Coburn provided two films in 1966 and 1969,[191] whilst The Man from U.N.C.L.E. also moved onto the cinema screen, with eight films released: all were testaments to Bond's prominence in popular culture.[128] More recently, the Austin Powers series by writer, producer and comedian Mike Myers[192] and other parodies such as the 2003 film Johnny English[193] have also used elements from or parodied the Bond films.
Following the release of the film Dr. No in 1962, the line "Bond ... James Bond", became a catch phrase that entered the lexicon of Western popular culture: writers Cork and Scivally said of the introduction in Dr. No that the "signature introduction would become the most famous and loved film line ever".[194] In 2001 it was voted as the "best-loved one-liner in cinema" by British cinema goers[195] and in 2005, it was honoured as the 22nd greatest quotation in cinema history by the American Film Institute as part of their 100 Years Series.[196] The 2005 American Film Institute's '100 Years' series also recognised the character of James Bond himself in the film as the third greatest film hero.[197] He was also placed at number eleven on a similar list by Empire.[198] Premiere also listed Bond as the fifth greatest movie character of all time.[199]
The twenty-three James Bond films produced by Eon Productions, which have grossed $4,910,000,000 in box office returns alone,[200] have made the series one of the highest-grossing ever. It is estimated that since Dr. No, a quarter of the world's population have seen at least one Bond film.[201] The UK Film Distributors' Association have stated that the importance of the Bond series of films to the British film industry cannot be overstated, as they "form the backbone of the industry".[202]
Television also saw the effect of Bond films, with the NBC series The Man from U.N.C.L.E.,[203] which was described as the "first network television imitation" of Bond,[204] largely because Fleming provided advice and ideas on the development of the series, even giving the main character the name Napoleon Solo.[205] Other 1960s television imitations of Bond included I Spy,[191] and Get Smart.[206]
By 2012, James Bond had become such a symbol of the United Kingdom that the character, played by Craig, appeared in the opening ceremony of the 2012 London Olympics as Queen Elizabeth II's escort.[207]
Merchandising
Throughout the life of the film series, there have been a number of tie-in products released.[208] The first James Bond fragrance was launched in the UK on 19 September 2012 under the name "James Bond 007".[209]
See also

Portal icon James Bond portal
Main article: Outline of James Bond
Bibliography of James Bond
9007 James Bond Asteroid named after the character
Sir Fitzroy Maclean, 1st Baronet
Shaken, not stirred
The Battle for Bond
References
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3.Jump up ^ "Obituary: Colonel Peter Fleming, Author and explorer". The Times. 20 August 1971. p. 14.
4.Jump up ^ Caplen 2010, p. 21.
5.Jump up ^ Hellman, Geoffrey T. (21 April 1962). "Bond's Creator (subscription needed)". Talk of the Town. The New Yorker. p. 32. Retrieved 9 September 2011.
6.Jump up ^ Chancellor 2005, p. 112.
7.^ Jump up to: a b Macintyre 2008, p. 67.
8.Jump up ^ Macintyre 2008, p. 50.
9.Jump up ^ Cook, William (28 June 2004). "Novel man". New Statesman. p. 40.
10.Jump up ^ Macintyre 2008, p. 205.
11.Jump up ^ Chancellor 2005, p. 59.
12.Jump up ^ Pearson 2008, p. 21.
13.Jump up ^ Griswold 2006, p. 27.
14.Jump up ^ Macintyre 2008, p. 208.
15.Jump up ^ Lycett, Andrew (2004). "Fleming, Ian Lancaster (1908–1964) (subscription needed)". Oxford Dictionary of National Biography (Oxford University Press). doi:10.1093/ref:odnb/33168. Retrieved 7 September 2011.
16.Jump up ^ Chancellor 2005, p. 4.
17.^ Jump up to: a b Chancellor 2005, p. 5.
18.Jump up ^ Bennett & Woollacott 2003, p. 1, ch 1.
19.Jump up ^ Black 2005, p. 75.
20.Jump up ^ "Casino Royale". The Books. Ian Fleming Publications. Retrieved 31 October 2011.
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Bibliography
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Black, Jeremy (2005). The Politics of James Bond: from Fleming's Novel to the Big Screen. University of Nebraska Press. ISBN 978-0-8032-6240-9.
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External links
 Wikiquote has quotations related to: James Bond
 Wikimedia Commons has media related to James Bond.
Official James Bond website
Ian Fleming Publications website
Young Bond Official Website
Pinewood Studios Albert R. Broccoli 007 Stage website
James Bond at the Internet Movie Database


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