Tornado history Wikipedia pages

May 1960 tornado outbreak sequence
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The May 1960 tornado outbreak sequence[nb 1][nb 2] was a large tornado outbreak sequence that affected the southeast High Plains, the southern Ozarks, and other parts of the Midwestern and Southern United States on May 4–6, 1960. The severe-weather event produced at least 71 confirmed tornadoes, including five violent tornadoes in the U.S. state of Oklahoma. Major tornado activity began on the afternoon of May 4, with strong tornadoes affecting the Red River Valley and the Dallas-Fort Worth Metroplex. Two F4 tornadoes struck parts of south Oklahoma, causing significant damage to the Konawa and Soper areas. In all, at least 22 tornadoes formed between the early afternoon and late evening hours, with two more tornadoes forming early on May 5, shortly after midnight local time. A much more significant tornado outbreak began on the afternoon of May 5 and continued overnight, spreading from eastern Oklahoma into portions of south Missouri and Central Arkansas. At least 35 tornadoes developed between 6:00 a.m. CST on May 5–6, including a long-tracked F5 that struck rural areas in Northeastern Oklahoma and killed five people. Two other F4 tornadoes killed 21 people in and near Sequoyah County in the eastern portion of the state. Other strong tornadoes affected the Little Rock metropolitan area early on May 6 in Arkansas. In all, the tornado outbreak sequence killed 33 people and injured 302.


Contents  [hide]
1 Confirmed tornadoes 1.1 May 4
1.2 May 5
1.3 May 6
2 See also
3 Notes
4 References 4.1 Bibliography
5 Notes
6 External links

Confirmed tornadoes[edit]
Confirmed
Total Confirmed
F? Confirmed
F0 Confirmed
F1 Confirmed
F2 Confirmed
F3 Confirmed
F4 Confirmed
F5
71 5 5 20 26 10 4 1

May 4[edit]

[hide]List of confirmed tornadoes - May 4, 1960

F#

Location

County

Time (UTC)

Path length

Damage

Texas
F0 W of Matador Motley 2040 0.1 miles (0.16 km) Funnel sighted, but only hit unpopulated land.[2]
F2 W of Dublin Erath 0010 0.3 miles (0.48 km) Two roofs damaged.[2] The tornado is not listed as significant by tornado researcher Thomas P. Grazulis.[3]
F1 SW of Dublin Erath 0020 0.2 miles (0.32 km) A brick dairy farm and a garage were destroyed. Some roof damage occurred as well.[2]
F0 NE of Mineral Wells Palo Pinto 0120 1 mile (1.6 km) Brief touchdown with numerous other funnels observed nearby.
F3 E of Lake Worth to NE of Blue Mound Tarrant 0120 7.4 miles (11.9 km) Eight homes were seriously damaged and five entirely destroyed.[2] Two of the homes lost all except their interior walls.[3]
F1 NE of Garner Parker 0300 1.5 miles (2.4 km) Major damage to farm machinery, outbuildings, and a home.[2]
F1 S of Flower Mound Denton 0400 2 miles (3.2 km) Five minor[2] injuries to people in a trailer home.[3] The tornado was rated F2 by Grazulis.
F1 S of Sulphur Springs Hopkins 0515 1 mile (1.6 km) Two barns were destroyed, two others damaged, and two homes unroofed[3] during "widespread" thunderstorms.[2] The tornado was rated F2 by Grazulis.
Oklahoma
F1 SW of Grandfield Tillman 2340 1 mile (1.6 km) Trees were uprooted and one home damaged.[4]
F1 S of Grandfield Tillman 2340 1 mile (1.6 km) Only damaged outbuildings.[4]
F2 N of Walters Cotton 0000 4.9 miles (7.9 km) Storm hit the western edge of town.[4] The tornado is not listed as significant by Grazulis.[3]
F1 E of Medicine Park Comanche 0030 0.1 miles (0.16 km) Three people were injured as a tornado unroofed a barn and destroyed two trailers.[4]
F1 S of Temple Cotton 0043 0.1 miles (0.16 km) Brief touchdown.
F1 SW of Central High Comanche 0045 0.1 miles (0.16 km) Two outbuildings destroyed and a home unroofed.[4]
F3 E of Marlow Stephens 0058 0.1 miles (0.16 km) One home shifted was off its foundation and severely damaged.[4] The tornado may have moved concrete blocks 100 yards (300 ft) from a gas station.[3] The tornado was rated F2 by Grazulis.
F2 Noble area Cleveland 0145 5.2 miles (8.4 km) A restaurant and a barn were destroyed in Noble. The tornado also damaged a house and a gas station.[3]
F3 NW of Ada to NE of Konawa Pontotoc 0145 10 miles (16 km) A large wedge tornado injured five people as it destroyed three homes and damaged 12.[3]
F3 E of Bethany to N of The Village Oklahoma 0155 5.1 miles (8.2 km) A tornado destroyed 12 homes and damaged 25. It then struck and damaged a new terminal at Tulakes Airport.[3]
F4 W of Konawa Pottawatomie, Seminole 0205 8 miles (13 km) Four farms were destroyed and a newly built home "completely swept away".[3]
F4 S of Soper to S of Snow Choctaw, Pushmataha 0316 30.8 miles (49.6 km) A third of Soper was destroyed, including two farms and "up to 100 homes."[3] Two farms were also damaged near Snow.[4] The path near Snow may have been that of a separate tornado.[3]
Kansas
F? N of Edson to NW of Brewster (1st tornado) Sherman 2320 7 miles (11 km) 
F? SW of Arnold Ness 2343 6 miles (9.7 km) 
F2 W of Brownell Ness 2345 0.1 miles (0.16 km) Brief tornado coincided with significant hail-related damage to crops.[2] The tornado is not listed as significant by Grazulis.[3]
F? N of Edson (2nd tornado) Sherman 0030 unknown 
Arkansas
F2 W of Amagon Jackson 0300 1 mile (1.6 km) A shed was destroyed and a house damaged.[2] The tornado is not listed as significant by Grazulis.[3]
Sources:,[5] Storm Data[2][4]

May 5[edit]

[hide]List of confirmed tornadoes - May 5, 1960

F#

Location

County

Time (UTC)

Path length

Damage

Texas
F2 E of Marshall Harrison 0700 1.3 miles (2.1 km) Trees were damaged and a vehicle overturned.[2] The tornado is not listed as significant by Grazulis.[3]
F0 SW of Carrollton Dallas 0400 0.1 miles (0.16 km) Brief touchdown reported.[2]
F0 NE of Addison Dallas 0437 0.1 miles (0.16 km) Only hit one building and caused minor damage.[2]
Arkansas
F2 Enola area Faulkner 1000 0.8 miles (1.3 km) A home and a barn were destroyed. Two other buildings were damaged.[2] The tornado is not listed as significant by Grazulis.[3]
F2 NW of Winslow to Elkins Washington 0330 16.9 miles (27.2 km) Formed south of West Fork.[2] Six homes and three stores were damaged in the Blackburn community. Only one home was completely destroyed.[6]
F2 NE of Goshen to Alabam Madison 0445 13.2 miles (21.2 km) Farm homes and outbuildings were entirely destroyed.[6]
F2 NW of Scotia Johnson 0530 2 miles (3.2 km) A brief tornado destroyed three homes.[2] The tornado is not listed as significant by Grazulis.[6]
Alabama
F1 NW of Chunchula to SE of Satsuma Mobile 1300 11.5 miles (18.5 km) Thousands of trees were downed and many homes and other structures were damaged.[2]
Oklahoma
F? S of Frederick Tillman 1938 unknown 
F3 NE of Wallville to NE of Maysville Garvin 2045 7.3 miles (11.7 km) One frame home was destroyed, a few trailers, a general store, and a church were destroyed in the Wallville area. The tornado also damaged farms and a pipe yard near Maysville.[6] The parent supercell produced the next event below.[4]
F3 NE of Wayne to W of Sand Springs Cleveland, Pottawatomie, Lincoln, Creek, Tulsa 2100 101.9 miles (164.0 km) A long-lived tornado family destroyed five homes[6] and hit a cemetery[4] near Corbett, then destroyed two more homes and an oil tank in Tribbey.[6] Six homes were hit in Depew and two more were destroyed west of Bristow. Near the end of the path, three homes and a trailer were destroyed.[4]
F5 N of Tecumseh to S of Oakhurst Pottawatomie, Lincoln, Okfuskee, Creek 2300 71.8 miles (115.6 km) 5 deaths — A massive, intense, barrel-like "white" tornado destroyed 14 farms from near Prague to near Paden. Damage was $750,000 to an oil refinery northeast of Prague, where heavy oil tanks were thrown long distances. Near Iron Post, homes were swept away[6] and, reportedly, entire hillsides denuded of all vegetation and several inches of topsoil.[7] The tornado then destroyed 100 homes and killed three people in northwest Sapulpa before lifting and being seen over Tulsa.[6]
F2 McAlester area Pittsburgh 0007 4.1 miles (6.6 km) Most damage was at rooftop level. One 208-foot (63 m) radio tower was reportedly "snapped off".[4] The tornado is not listed as significant by Grazulis.[6]
F3 S of Hoffman Okmulgee 0016 0.8 miles (1.3 km) 2 deaths — About 25 homes were destroyed, some of which were swept away. Even underbrush was cleared from the homesites in south Hoffman. Possibly F4, this tornado is ranked as such by one author.[6]
F2 SE of Haskell Muskogee 0020 4.9 miles (7.9 km) Most damage from hail up to 2 inches (5.1 cm) in diameter.[4] The tornado is not listed as significant by Grazulis.[6]
F2 NE of Vinita to W of Loma Linda, MO Craig, Ottawa 0030 36.6 miles (58.9 km) A large tornado nearly leveled a newly built[4] brick farmhouse, leaving only one wall standing.[6] The tornado also destroyed "two truckloads of boats"[4] on the Will Rogers Turnpike, injuring two drivers.[6] This tornado destroyed many farms[4] and may have been an F3 in intensity.[6]
F2 S of Wynnewood Garvin 0100 5.9 miles (9.5 km) "General damage" was observed near Wynnewood,[4] with two homes, a barn, and a warehouse having been unroofed.[6]
F4 S of Wilburton to SW of Sallisaw Latimer, Haskell, Sequoyah 0110 62.4 miles (100.4 km) 16 deaths — A major tornado family caused severe damage to 15 square blocks[8] in Wilburton, destroying 82 homes and damaging or destroying 600 structures.[6] 13 people died as the tornado family hit Wilburton. The tornado family then destroyed six more homes north of Wilburton, 25 in Keota, and 10 more near Sallisaw.[6]
F2 E of Eufaula to NE of Texanna McIntosh 0110 11.7 miles (18.8 km) 2 deaths — Three homes were reported destroyed and six others damaged. All deaths and injuries were in vehicles. This tornado may have been an F3.[6]
F2 SW of Wagoner Wagoner 0120 5.1 miles (8.2 km) A tornado destroyed seven[4] homes, many businesses, and a radio tower in western Wagoner.[6]
F1 S of Tiawah Rogers 0130 0.1 miles (0.16 km) Outbuildings were destroyed on a farm.[4]
F3 W of Moffett Sequoyah 0130 4.5 miles (7.2 km) 1 death — Pavement was torn from U.S. Route 64, several homes were destroyed, and a truck driver was killed.[6]
F4 SW of Roland Sequoyah 0140 5.4 miles (8.7 km) 5 deaths — One home was swept away and two trucks carried 300 yd (900 ft). Three of the occupants were injured and five people died in the home that was swept away.[6]
F1 NE of Park Hill to NW of Briggs Cherokee 0240 4.6 miles (7.4 km) A home, two stores, and numerous trees were damaged.[4]
F2 Eufaula area McIntosh 0250 1 mile (1.6 km) This was the second tornado to hit near Eufaula. 12 homes were damaged.[6]
F2 NW of Langley to SW of Cleora Mayes 0300 6.4 miles (10.3 km) A tornado destroyed 12[4] cabins and three homes. A store, a church, and a school were also destroyed.[6]
F3 SE of Bokoshe to NW of Akins Le Flore, Sequoyah 0330 23.7 miles (38.1 km) 1 death — This was the fourth F3+ tornado to hit Sequoyah County this day. Numerous homes were destroyed and a woman was killed in one of them.[4] Some of the homes were reportedly swept away.[6]
Nebraska
F? Leigh Colfax 2230 unknown 
Missouri
F0 NE of Urbana Dallas 2250 0.2 miles (0.32 km) Two outbuildings were unroofed.[2]
Iowa
F2 SE of Carroll to N of Scranton Carroll, Greene 0100 13.8 miles (22.2 km) Destroyed homes and barns along a skipping path.[6]
F1 SE of Dallas Center Dallas 0330 1 mile (1.6 km) $10,000 damage to farms was estimated.[2]
Sources:,[5] Storm Data[2][4]

May 6[edit]

[hide]List of confirmed tornadoes - May 6, 1960

F#

Location

County

Time (UTC)

Path length

Damage

Missouri
F1 Macks Creek area Camden 0630 0.2 miles (0.32 km) There was damage to many farms and trees.[2]
F2 SW of Ava Christian 0645 5.7 miles (9.2 km) A tornado struck eight farms and shifted one home on its foundation. Many other homes and barns were heavily damaged. This tornado may have been an F3.[6]
Arkansas
F3 NW of Toad Suck to S of Enders Conway, Faulkner 0700 26.7 miles (43.0 km) 1 death — Developed west of Conway, in the Portland Bottoms area. The tornado then hit Menifee, destroying a large school complex, 31 houses, a pair of churches, a post office, and 32 other structures. Much damage was also reported in Greenbrier. 30 people were injured.[6]
F2 NE of Austin to E of Choctaw Van Buren 0730 8.2 miles (13.2 km) A tornado destroyed a small home.[9]
F1 W of Cammack Village[2] Pulaski 0735 3.3 miles (5.3 km) A tornado damaged many homes and trees in west Little Rock.[2]
F2 College Station area[2][9] Pulaski 0800 10.3 miles (16.6 km) A tornado passed 3 miles (4.8 km) southeast of Little Rock, unroofing structures, destroying barns, and damaging homes.[9]
F2 W of Prescott Nevada 0815 2.6 miles (4.2 km) A tornado uprooted many trees and destroyed three homes. It also destroyed a cotton gin and a garage.[9] Other garages, outbuildings, and 60 other homes were reported damaged.[2] Two people were injured.
F2 NE of Kingsland to NW of Glendale Cleveland, Lincoln 0915 19.3 miles (31.1 km) A tornado destroyed one home near the end of its path. A nearby high school was badly damaged.[9]
F2 S of Antioch to E of Searcy White 2000 14.6 miles (23.5 km) A tornado unroofed or damaged many homes and businesses in the business district of Searcy.[9]
F1 W of Dell to NW of Yarbro Mississippi 2200 14 miles (23 km) A tornado skipped through the Blytheville area, causing minor damage to farms, small buildings, roofs, and windows. It, or another member of its tornado family, may have touched down in Pemiscot County, Missouri. It was attended by approximately 15 funnel clouds, eight of which may have been brief tornadoes.[2]
Illinois
F1 SE of Flora Clay 1430 1 mile (1.6 km) An airport hangar was damaged.[2]
F1 E of Long Creek Macon 1540 0.3 miles (0.48 km) Three farms were damaged.[2]
F1 E of Carrollton to NW of Chatham Greene, Macoupin, Morgan, Sangamon 1905 43.5 miles (70.0 km) Isolated patches of scattered damage were reported.[2]
F2 W of Loxa to NE of Oakland Coles, Douglas 2230 20.9 miles (33.6 km) Only one barn and grain bins were destroyed.[9]
Mississippi
F1 Lexie to S of Kokomo Walthall 1930 12.3 miles (19.8 km) A tornado destroyed five homes and eight other buildings.[9] 20 homes were severely damaged.[2] The tornado may have been an F2 rather than an F1.[9]
Sources:,[5] Storm Data[2][4]

See also[edit]
List of North American tornadoes and tornado outbreaks
Notes[edit]
1.Jump up ^ An outbreak is generally defined as a group of at least six tornadoes (the number sometimes varies slightly according to local climatology) with no more than a six-hour gap between individual tornadoes. An outbreak sequence, prior to (after) modern records that began in 1950, is defined as, at most, two (one) consecutive days without at least one significant (F2 or stronger) tornado.[1]
2.Jump up ^ All damage totals are in 1960 United States dollars unless otherwise noted.

References[edit]
1.Jump up ^ Schneider, Russell S.; Harold E. Brooks; Joseph T. Schaefer. "Tornado Outbreak Day Sequences: Historic Events and Climatology (1875-2003)". Norman, Oklahoma: Storm Prediction Center. Retrieved 13 February 2013.
2.^ Jump up to: a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa ab ac ad ae "Storm Data and Unusual Weather Phenomena". Storm Data (Asheville, North Carolina: United States Department of Commerce) 2. May 1960.
3.^ Jump up to: a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p Grazulis 1993, p. 1026
4.^ Jump up to: a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x "Storm Data and Unusual Weather Phenomena". Storm Data (Asheville, North Carolina: United States Department of Commerce) 2. June 1960.
5.^ Jump up to: a b c Grazulis 1993, pp. 1026–28
6.^ Jump up to: a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa Grazulis 1993, p. 1027
7.Jump up ^ Grazulis, Thomas P. (2001). F5-F6 Tornadoes. St. Johnsbury, VT: The Tornado Project.
8.Jump up ^ "28 dead, 200 hurt in tornado areas". New York Times. The Associated Press. May 6, 1960. p. 48.
9.^ Jump up to: a b c d e f g h i Grazulis 1993, p. 1028

Bibliography[edit]
Grazulis, Thomas (1993), Significant Tornadoes 1680-1991: A Chronology and Analysis of Events, St. Johnsbury, Vermont: Environmental Films, ISBN 1-879362-03-1
Grazulis, Thomas (2003), The Tornado: Nature’s Ultimate Windstorm, Norman, Oklahoma: University of Oklahoma Press, ISBN 978-0-8061-3538-0

Notes[edit]

External links[edit]
 


Categories: F5 tornadoes
F4 tornadoes
Tornadoes of 1960
Tornadoes in Texas
Tornadoes in Oklahoma
1960 in Oklahoma
Natural disasters in Oklahoma


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Hurricane Carla
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to: navigation, search

This article is about the Atlantic hurricane of 1961. For other storms of the same name, see Tropical Storm Carla (disambiguation).
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Hurricane Carla
Category 5 major hurricane (SSHWS/NWS)
Hurricane Carla Satellite.JPG
Satellite image of Hurricane Carla on September 10.

Formed
September 3, 1961
Dissipated
September 17, 1961
(extratropical after September 13, 1961)


Highest winds
1-minute sustained: 175 mph (280 km/h)

Lowest pressure
931 mbar (hPa); 27.49 inHg


Fatalities
43 direct
Damage
$325.74 million (1961 USD)
Areas affected
Yucatán Peninsula, Texas, parts of the Central United States

Part of the 1961 Atlantic hurricane season
Hurricane Carla ranks as the most intense U.S. tropical cyclone landfall on the Hurricane Severity Index.[1] The third named storm and first Category 5 hurricane of the 1961 Atlantic hurricane season, Carla developed from an area of squally weather in the southwestern Caribbean Sea on September 3. Initially a tropical depression, it strengthened slowly while heading northwestward, and by September 5, the system was upgraded to Tropical Storm Carla. About 24 hours later, Carla was upgraded to a hurricane. Shortly thereafter, the storm curved northward while approaching the Yucatán Channel. Late on September 7, Carla entered the Gulf of Mexico while passing just northeast of the Yucatán Peninsula. By early on the following day, the storm became a major hurricane after reaching Category 3 intensity. Resuming its northwestward course, Carla continued intensification and on September 11, it was upgraded to a Category 5 hurricane. Later that day, Carla weakened slightly, but was still a large and intense hurricane when the storm made landfall near Port O'Connor, Texas. It weakened quickly inland and was reduced to a tropical storm on September 12. Heading generally northward, Carla transitioned into an extratropical cyclone on September 13, while centered over southern Oklahoma.
While crossing the Yucatán Channel, the outer bands of Carla brought gusty winds and severe local flooding in western Cuba and the Yucatán Peninsula, though no damage or fatalities were reported. Although initially considered a significant threat to Florida, the storm brought only light winds and small amounts of precipitation, reaching no more than 3.15 in (80 mm). In Texas, wind gusts as high as 170 mph (280 km/h) were observed in Port Lavaca. Additionally, several tornadoes spawned in the state caused notable impacts, with the most destructive twister resulting in 200 buildings severely damaged, of which at least 60 were destroyed, and 8 deaths and 55 injuries. Throughout the state, Carla destroyed 1,915 homes, 568 farm buildings, and 415 other buildings. Additionally, 50,723 homes, 5,620 farm buildings, and 10,487 other buildings suffered damage. There were 34 fatalities and at least $300 million (1961 USD) in losses in Texas alone. Several tornadoes also touched down in Louisiana, causing the destruction of 140 homes and 11 farms and other buildings, and major damage to 231 additional homes and 11 farm and other buildings. Minor to moderate damage was also reported to 748 homes and 75 farm and other buildings. Six deaths and $25 million in losses in Louisiana were attributed to Carla. Heavy rainfall occurred in several other states, especially in Kansas, where flash flooding severely damaged crops and drowned 5 people. Overall, Carla resulted in $325.74 million in losses and 43 fatalities.


Contents  [hide]
1 Meteorological history
2 Preparations
3 Impact 3.1 United States 3.1.1 Texas
3.1.2 Louisiana
3.1.3 Oklahoma
3.1.4 Illinois
3.1.5 Elsewhere in the United States
3.2 Elsewhere
4 Aftermath and retirement
5 See also
6 References
7 External links

Meteorological history[edit]



 Map plotting the track and intensity of the storm according to the Saffir–Simpson hurricane wind scale
As early as September 1, a tropical disturbance – an area of convective activity – was observed tracking westward across the Caribbean Sea within the Intertropical Convergence Zone (ITCZ). Around that time, an anticyclone was situated over the western Caribbean Sea at the upper-tropospheric levels. Surface charts indicate that a low-level circulation was developing early on September 3.[2] Thus, it is estimated that a tropical depression – a tropical cyclone with sustained winds with winds of less than 39 mph (63 km/h) – developed about 175 miles (282 km) northwest of Barranquilla, Colombia at 1200 UTC.[3] Initially, the center of circulation remained difficult to locate on surface charts due to lack of data. At San Andrés, winds shifted west at about 12 mph (19 km/h), while barometric pressures dropped to 1,007 mbar (29.7 inHg). The Weather Bureau Office in Miami, Florida issued its first bulletin at 1600 UTC on September 4, while the depression was centered about 250 miles (400 km) east-southeast of Cabo Gracias a Dios, Nicaragua.[2]
It is estimated that sustained winds reached 45 mph (75 km/h) at 1200 UTC on September 5,[4] thus the depression strengthened into a tropical storm and was named Carla, while located just northeast of Cabo Gracias a Dios.[3] A reconnaissance aircraft flight reported that Carla was continuing to intensify, with surface winds of 50 mph (85 km/h). Radars reported an unusually large tropical cyclone, with convective bands extending about 520 miles (840 km) outward from the center. Around 0000 UTC on September 6, Carla passed near Swan Island, which reported a barometric pressure of about 995 mbar (29.4 inHg) and wind gusts of 60 mph (95 km/h) from the southwest.[4] Based on observations obtained by a reconnaissance aircraft at 1100 UTC on September 6 – namely a barometric pressure of 982 mbar (29.0 inHg) – a bulletin issued by the Weather Bureau an hour later indicated that the storm had "probably reached hurricane intensity".[5] According the post-season analysis, Carla reached hurricane status at that time.[3]



 Radar image of Carla from WSR-57 in Galveston, Texas
Shortly after becoming a hurricane on September 6, Carla curved northward in the northwestern Caribbean Sea. At 1200 UTC on September 7, the storm intensified into a Category 2 hurricane while located east-northeast of Cozumel, Quintana Roo, Mexico(actual use of the Saffir-Simpson Hurricane Wind Scale, which was developed in 1971, was not in effect). Shortly thereafter, Carla crossed the Yucatán Channel and entered the Gulf of Mexico. A strong high pressure area forced Carla to resume its original northwesterly course. Early on September 8, the storm strengthened into a Category 3 hurricane while located just north of the Yucatán Peninsula. Thus, Carla was the third major hurricane of the season. Carla was upgraded to a Category 4 hurricane early on September 10, while approaching the Gulf Coast of the United States. At 0000 UTC on September 11, Carla strengthened into a Category 5 while located in the northwestern Gulf of Mexico. Six hours later, the storm reached its maximum sustained wind speed of 175 mph (280 km/h).[3]
Although it weakened back to a Category 4 hurricane late on September 11, Carla reached its minimum barometric pressure of 931 mbar (27.5 inHg). Later that day, the storm struck Matagorda Island, Texas, shortly before another near Port O'Connor with winds of 145 mph (230 km/h). Carla rapidly weakened inland, and degenerated to a Category 2 hurricane on September 12, while passing just east of Port Lavaca. Six hours later, the storm was downgraded to a Category 1 hurricane near Shiner, shortly before being downgraded to a tropical storm between Taylor and Coupland. Beginning late on September 12, the storm curved just east of due north. After reaching Oklahoma early on September 13, Carla transitioned into an extratropical cyclone while located over rural Johnston County. The extratropical remnants of Carla moved rapidly northeastward and brought heavy rainfall to some areas of the Great Plains and Midwestern United States. By September 14, it entered Canada near Sault Ste. Marie, Ontario. Continuing swiftly northeastward across Ontario, Quebec, and Labrador, before the remnants dissipated over the Labrador Sea on September 17.[3]
Preparations[edit]
Occurring a year after Hurricane Donna, officials in the Florida Keys took precautions to brace for potential impact from the storm. The United States Navy flew their planes out of Key West, while Coast Guardsmen evacuated Alligator Reef Light, American Shoal Light, and Sombrero Key Light. Ships docked at Key West sailed out to sea to ride out the squalls. On the morning of September 7, a hurricane watch was issued from the entire coast of Louisiana eastward to Apalachicola, Florida.[6] On September 8, a hurricane watch was issued along the southwest coast of the state from Vermilion Bay westward.[7] It was later extended westward to include the entire coast of Texas, and eastward to Apalachicola, Florida.[8] A portion of the hurricane watch from Aransas Pass, Texas to Grand Isle, Louisiana was upgraded to a hurricane warning at 1600 UTC on September 9.[9] An estimated 500,000 people fled the coasts of Texas and Louisiana, making it the largest evacuation in the history of the United States, at the time.[10] Further, at least half of those people were from Texas. In small towns along the coast of Texas, 90–100% of their populations evacuated, while 20% of people left the larger cities. Many in Galveston stayed due to protection from the Galveston Seawall.[11]
Impact[edit]
Carla spawned the largest hurricane-related tornado outbreak on record at the time, when 26 tornadoes touched down within its circulation. However, it was overwhelmingly surpassed by Hurricane Beulah in 1967, which spawned at least 115 tornadoes.[12] Throughout its path, 43 fatalities and about $325.74 million in damage were attributed to Carla. Most of the impact occurred in Texas, where the storm made landfall as a large and strong Category 4 hurricane.[13][14][15]
United States[edit]
Texas[edit]



 A house destroyed by Hurricane Carla in Port O'Connor, Texas
Abnormally high tides and storm surge was reported along the coast of Texas, reaching at least 10 feet (3.0 m) above mean sea level at many coastal areas between Sabine Pass and Port Aransas. The highest tide reported was 18.5 feet (5.6 m) at Port Lavaca, with large wave heights including 12.6 feet (3.8 m) in Matagorda, 10.9 feet (3.3 m) in Port Aransas, 10.8 feet (3.3 m) in Freeport, 10.1 feet (3.1 m) in Texas City, and 10 feet (3.0 m) in Galveston and Sabine. Because the storm was a Category 4 hurricane at landfall, Carla produced strong winds, especially near its path. The strongest sustained winds include 115 mph (185 km/h) in Matagorda, 110 mph (180 km/h) in Victoria, and 88 mph (142 km/h). Additionally, the highest wind gust observations include 175 mph (282 km/h) in Port Lavaca, 160 mph (260 km/h) in Matagorda, and 150 mph (240 km/h) in Aransas Pass, Austwell, Edna, Port Aransas, and Victoria. Carla produced heavy rainfall in Texas, peaking at 17.48 inches (444 mm) in Bay City. Other significant precipitation totals include 16.49 inches (419 mm) at Scholes International Airport at Galveston, 14.94 inches (379 mm) in Downtown Galveston, 13.05 inches (331 mm) in Wharton, 12.55 inches (319 mm) in Liberty, 12.47 inches (317 mm) in Dickinson, 11.81 inches (300 mm) in Flantonia, 10.59 inches (269 mm) in Columbus, 8.75 inches (222 mm) in Halletsville, and 8.9 inches (230 mm) in Smithville.[11]



 Tidal flooding caused by Hurricane Carla
The most significant damage to property occurred between Port Arthur and Corpus Christi. Port O'Connor, lying nearest to the location of Carla's landfall, was virtually destroyed. In Victoria, the highest sustained wind speed was 110 mph (180 km/h), while gusts reached 150 mph (240 km/h). About 4,260 homes were damaged, with around 500 severely damaged or destroyed. 43 businesses and 26 public buildings were also significantly impacted. Damage in the city of Victoria reached $10 million.[16] Of the 26 tornadoes spawned by Carla,[12] eight of them in Texas caused significant impact. A tornado near Bay City destroyed two radio towers and damaged several buildings. Near Jacksonville, a tornado injured three people, caused the destruction of one house and impacted 3 others, resulting in $25,000 in damage. Twenty-two people were injured, 18 homes and 6 commercial buildings were destroyed, and 40 additional homes were damaged in a tornado in Chamelview, located near Houston; losses reached $200,000. In the early morning hours of September 13, an F4 tornado moved across Galveston Island along a 15-mile (24-kilometer) long, 230-yard-wide path (it crossed into Galveston Bay as well), severely damaging 200 buildings, of which at least 60 were destroyed, and causing eight deaths and 55 injuries. A few hours later, another twister in the area resulted in the destruction of six houses and extensive lesser damage. In Hardin, a tornado damaged six homes. Several structures sustained impact during a tornado in Fulbright. The final twister occurred during the late afternoon hours in Latex. It caused two injuries, and resulted in $5,000 in losses, after damaging two houses and three garages.[13]
Then little-known newsman Dan Rather reported live from the Galveston Seawall during the storm, an act that would be imitated by later reporters. This marked the first live television broadcast of a hurricane. Rather also alerted the public of the size of Carla in a way that "literally changed the way the world sees hurricanes", according to a fellow reporter. Broadcasting live at the Weather Bureau Office in Galveston, Rather asked a meteorologist to draw an outline of the Gulf of Mexico on a transparent sheet of plastic. He then held the map over the black and white radar screen, which put the size of Carla into perspective. CBS was so impressed with Rather's work that he was offered the position of correspondent.[17] Throughout Texas, Carla destroyed 1,915 homes, 568 farm buildings, and 415 other buildings. Additionally, 50,723 homes, 5,620 farm buildings, and 10,487 other buildings suffered damage. There were 460 injuries according to the American Red Cross, though the Monthly Weather Review listed a slightly higher number, 465. The storm caused 34 fatalities in Texas. Causes of death include 20 people drowning, eight from tornadoes, four electrocutions, and one heart attack.[18] Overall, damage in the state was "conservatively" estimated at $300 million.[13] A breakdown of damage indicates $200 million incurred to property and $100 million to crops, mostly from unharvested rice and lesser impact to cotton and citrus.[13]
Louisiana[edit]
In southeastern Louisiana, abnormally high tides lashed the coast, though no beach erosion was reported. Rainfall was heavy, peaking at 13.9 inches (350 mm) in Many. Other observed precipitation totals include 5.6 inches (140 mm) in Baton Rouge, 5.57 inches (141 mm) in Morgan City, 4.25 inches (108 mm) in Shreveport, 3.16 inches (80 mm) in New Orleans, 2.25 inches (57 mm) in Lafayette, 2.19 inches (56 mm) in Alexandria, 2.1 inches (53 mm) in Jonesville and West Monroe, and 1.37 inches (35 mm) in Lake Charles.[19] In the western portions of Louisiana, sustained winds peaked at 44 mph (71 km/h) and gusts reached 55 mph (89 km/h). Only minor damage occurred, limited to roofs, glass, and downed tree limbs. Winds caused a local river to reach 1 foot (0.30 m) above flood stage.[20] The 11 tornadoes spawned by Carla in Louisiana destroyed 140 homes and 11 farm and other buildings, while causing major damage to 231 additional homes and 11 farm and other buildings. Additionally, 748 homes and 75 farm and other buildings suffered minor to moderate damage. Six fatalities and 199 injuries occurred, mostly related to the tornadoes.[14] Damage in Louisiana totaled to about $25 million. A breakdown of losses include $6 million to agriculture, $5 million to buildings, $4 million to boats and beach property, $3 million to roads and bridges, $5 million to oil platforms just offshore, and $2 million in miscellaneous damage.[15]
Oklahoma[edit]



 Rainfall from Carla in the United States
Carla and its remnants brought heavy rainfall and strong winds to portions of Oklahoma. About 2–8 inches (51–203 mm) of rain fell in Grant, Tillman, Washita Counties. Heavier amounts of at least 5 inches (130 mm) fell in Atoka and Pushmataha County.[14] Precipitation in the state peaked at 7.68 inches (195 mm) in Kingfisher.[21] More than 140 city blocks were flooded with up to 6 feet (1.8 m) in residential areas of Kingfisher and up to 3 feet (0.91 m) in business areas. 225 homes and buildings in the city suffered water damaged. Throughout the state, damage in other areas included 90 homes and buildings in Tulsa, 50 homes each in El Reno and Oklahoma City, and 10 homes in Pawnee. Additionally, water inundation washed out several bridges and highways in northeastern parts of the state, leaving roads impassable. Sustained winds between 30 and 55 mph (48 and 89 km/h) and gusts up to 70 mph (110 km/h) were recorded in Oklahoma. Winds injured two people due to airborne debris. Winds and rain combined severely disrupted electrical and telephone services and caused $670,000 in damage, with $600,000 to property and $70,000 to crops.[14]
Illinois[edit]
The storm dropped precipitation amounts of 7 inches (180 mm) throughout northwestern Illinois, with a peak of 8.18 inches (208 mm) in Mount Carroll. Thus, Carla is the second wettest tropical cyclone in Illinois, behind only Hurricane Audrey in 1957.[21] Additionally, up to 6.29 inches (160 mm) fell in 24 hours. Severe local flooding occurred, especially in the northern portions of the state. Heavy property and agricultural damage occurred. Streets and basements were reported to have flooded, while bridge approaches and a few small bridges were washed out. Precipitation of 2.5–3.5 inches (64–89 mm) in Chicago flooded about 60 viaducts and 1,000 basements. After the Chicago River rose 5 feet (1.5 m), the lock gate to Lake Michigan was opened to release excess water. However, the abrupt onrush of water resulted in about $75,000 in damage to boats at Wilmette Harbor.[13][15]
Elsewhere in the United States[edit]
Winds in Key West reached 30 mph (48 km/h), while much of Florida reported rainfall from the outer bands of Carla.[22] In Kansas, 4 to 7 inches (100 to 180 mm) of rain in only 6 hours caused flash flooding. With a peak amount of 8.52 inches (216 mm) in Haddam, Carla was the rainiest tropical cyclone in Kansas, until being surpassed by Hurricane Paine in 1986 and Tropical Storm Frances in 1998.[21] Severe crop damage occurred, especially in areas of Chautauqua and Shawnee Counties and to the south of the Kansas River. Many highways were left impassable due to water inundation. A family of 4 drowned after their car was swept off a road near Waverly. A fifth fatality occurred after a car with one occupant was swept into a tributary of the Marmaton River near Fort Scott. The storm persistently produced winds of 35 to 50 mph (56 to 80 km/h), causing further agricultural damage.[13]
In Nebraska, rainfall peaked at 5.68 inches (144 mm) in Hubbrell, making Carla the rainiest tropical cyclone in the state.[21] Heavy precipitation also fell in Missouri, especially in Brookfield, Lee's Summit, and Pleasant Hill. The maximum rainfall total in Missouri was 9.34 inches (237 mm) in Concordia.[21] One fatality was reported in Missouri, though the cause of death is unknown. Rainfall in Iowa peaked at 9.03 inches (229 mm) near Chariton, making Carla the rainiest tropical cyclone in the state.[21] Up to 8 inches (200 mm) of rain fell in a 12-hour period in the Lower Peninsula of Michigan, mostly between Cheboygan and Grand Rapids.[13] However, the Weather Prediction Center indicated precipitation amounts of 6.07 inches (154 mm) in Boyne Falls. Regardless, Carla is the wettest tropical cyclone in the history of Michigan.[21] Despite, the rainfall, flooding in Michigan was relatively minimal, limited to an washed out dam in Traverse City.[13] Precipitation in Wisconsin reached 7.58 inches (193 mm) in Brodhead, causing Carla to rank as the wettest tropical cyclone in the state.[21] Precipitation peaks in other states include 4.44 inches (113 mm) in Alabama, 5.48 inches (139 mm) in Arkansas, 6.37 inches (162 mm) in Mississippi,[23] and 3.6 inches (91 mm) in Indiana.[21]
Elsewhere[edit]
In Cuba, broadcasts reported severe flooding near Pinar del Río, and in Los Colomas and Punta de Cartas. Offshore Honduras on Swan Island, a rainfall amount of 3.89 inches (99 mm) was reported along with wind gusts up to 60 mph (95 km/h). The remnants of Carla brought tropical storm force winds to some areas of Canada. In Ontario, gusty winds caused power outages in the Clarkson–Port Credit area. Electrical services were are disrupted in New Brunswick, due to winds up to 80 mph (130 km/h) in Saint John. Winds of 57 mph (92 km/h) lashed Halifax in Nova Scotia, thus the Halifax Public Gardens closed for threat of falling trees and branches.[24]
Aftermath and retirement[edit]
See also: List of retired Atlantic hurricane names
Shortly after the storm, then Vice President of the United States Lyndon B. Johnson, a lifelong resident of Texas, toured the devastation in the state and met with officials from 18 different counties. Vice President Johnson said, "As always, Texans are arising to a challenge...We have suffered hurricane, tornado, and floods, but we in Texas are a bold and brave people."[25] After reporting to then President of the United States John F. Kennedy and Congress, $55 million in aid was approved. Later, the President requested an additional $65 million.[26] President Kennedy issued a disaster declaration for Texas, allowing all jurisdictions in the state to apply for public assistance.[27] Later, President Kennedy also declared 6 parishes in Louisiana a disaster area.[26] Helicopters deployed 88 United States Marines to Galveston to patrol devastated areas. A United States Navy task force composed of medical and construction work teams were also sent to the area. In addition, some members of the United States National Guard assisted refugees in returning to their homes and worked to prevent looting.[28] Owing to the intensity of and destruction by the storm, the name Carla was retired, and will never again be used for an Atlantic hurricane. It was replaced by Carol in the 1965 season.[29]
See also[edit]

Portal icon Tropical cyclones portal
List of tropical cyclones
List of Atlantic hurricanes
List of Category 5 Atlantic hurricanes
Loop Current
References[edit]
1.Jump up ^ Mark Chambers (2008). "The Hurricane Severity Index – A New Method of Classifying the Destructive Potential of Tropical Cyclones" (PDF). ImpactWeather (Houston, Texas: Rice University): 20. Retrieved January 13, 2013.
2.^ Jump up to: a b ECH (September 21, 1961). "Carla Preliminary Report" (GIF). Weather Bureau (Silver Springs, Maryland: National Hurricane Center): 12. Retrieved January 11, 2013.
3.^ Jump up to: a b c d e National Hurricane Center; Hurricane Research Division (April 1, 2014). "Atlantic hurricane best track (HURDAT version 2)". United States National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. Retrieved August 10, 2014.
4.^ Jump up to: a b ECH (September 21, 1961). "Carla Preliminary Report" (GIF). Weather Bureau (Silver Springs, Maryland: National Hurricane Center): 13. Retrieved January 11, 2013.
5.Jump up ^ ECH (September 21, 1961). "Carla Preliminary Report" (GIF). Weather Bureau (Silver Springs, Maryland: National Hurricane Center): 14. Retrieved January 11, 2013.
6.Jump up ^ Conner (September 7, 1961). "Hurricane Advisory Number 15 Carla" (GIF). Weather Bureau Office New Orleans, Louisiana (National Hurricane Center). Retrieved January 11, 2013.
7.Jump up ^ "Weather Bureau Office Statement" (GIF). Weather Bureau Office Lake Charles, Louisiana (National Hurricane Center). September 8, 1961. Retrieved January 11, 2013.
8.Jump up ^ "Hurricane Advisory Number 16 Carla" (GIF). Weather Bureau Office New Orleans, Louisiana. National Hurricane Center. September 8, 1961. Retrieved January 11, 2013.
9.Jump up ^ Taylor and Carson (September 9, 1961). "Tide Statement Upper Texas Coast" (GIF). Weather Bureau Office Galveston, Texas (National Hurricane Center). Retrieved January 11, 2013.
10.Jump up ^ Stephen Lichtblau (September 15, 1961). "Preliminary Report of Hurricane Carla in the Gulf of Mexico: September 7–13, 1961" (GIF). Weather Bureau (Silver Springs, Maryland: National Hurricane Center): 3. Retrieved January 11, 2013.
11.^ Jump up to: a b Robert Orton (September 16, 1961). "Hurricane Carla in Texas September 8 to 13th, 1961" (GIF). Weather Bureau Office Galveston, Texas (National Hurricane Center): 1. Retrieved January 11, 2013.
12.^ Jump up to: a b Robert Orton (July 1970) (PDF). Tornadoes Associated With Hurricane Beulah on September 19-23, 1967 (Report). Austin, Texas: National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. p. 541. Retrieved January 8, 2013.
13.^ Jump up to: a b c d e f g h Luther Hodges (1961). "Storm Data And Unusual Weather Phenomena: September 1961" (PDF). United States Department of Commerce (Asheville, North Carolina: National Climatic Data Center): 99–101, 103. Retrieved January 10, 2013.
14.^ Jump up to: a b c d Luther Hodges. "Storm Data and Unusual Weather Phenomena: December 1961" (PDF). United States Department of Commerce (National Climatic Data Center): 120. Retrieved January 12, 2013.
15.^ Jump up to: a b c "Hurricane Carla: September 4–14, 1961 (A Preliminary Report)". Weather Bureau (National Hurricane Center): 2. September 18, 1961. Retrieved January 10, 2013.
16.Jump up ^ Jones (September 14, 1961). "Preliminary Report on Carla" (GIF). Weather Bureau Office Victoria, Texas (National Hurricane Center). Retrieved January 11, 2013.
17.Jump up ^ Megan Garber (October 29, 2012). "Dan Rather Showed the First Radar Image of a Hurricane on TV". The Atlantic. Retrieved January 11, 2013.
18.Jump up ^ Robert Orton (September 18, 1961). "List of known dead in Texas from Hurricane Carla as of September 18th" (GIF). Weather Bureau Office Galveston, Texas (National Hurricane Center). Retrieved January 11, 2013.
19.Jump up ^ Sanders (1961). "MKCC .60 2250Z" (GIF). Weather Bureau Office New Orleans, Louisiana (National Hurricane Center). Retrieved January 10, 2013.
20.Jump up ^ Worrell (September 12, 1961). "Report on Hurricane Carla for Lake Charles" (GIF). Weather Bureau Office Lake Charles, Louisiana (National Hurricane Center). Retrieved January 11, 2013.
21.^ Jump up to: a b c d e f g h i (HTML) Tropical Cyclone Rainfall for the Midwest (Report). College Park, Maryland: Weather Prediction Center. 2012. Retrieved January 12, 2013.
22.Jump up ^ "Hurricane Whips Cuba; Winds Batter Key West". The Miami News. September 7, 1961. p. 72. Retrieved January 8, 2013.
23.Jump up ^ (HTML) Tropical Cyclone Rainfall for the Gulf Coast (Report). College Park, Maryland: Weather Prediction Center. 2012. Retrieved January 12, 2013.
24.Jump up ^ (HTML) 1961-Carla (Report). Fredericton, New Brunswick: Environment Canada. November 5, 2009. Retrieved January 11, 2013.
25.Jump up ^ "Johnson Reports on Hurricane Damage". The Bonham Daily Favorite (Washington, D.C.). United Press International. September 19, 1961. p. 1. Retrieved January 11, 2013.
26.^ Jump up to: a b "JFK Asks Hurricane Aid Money". The Miami News. Associated Press. September 21, 1961. p. 22. Retrieved January 11, 2013.
27.Jump up ^ (HTML) Designated Counties: Texas Hurricane Carla (Report). Washington, D.C.: Federal Emergency Management Agency. Retrieved January 10, 2013.
28.Jump up ^ "Rescue Teams Move In To Clean Storm Area". Evening Independent (Galveston, Texas). Associated Press. September 17, 1961. p. 2. Retrieved January 11, 2013.
29.Jump up ^ "Retired Hurricane Names Since 1954" (HTML). National Hurricane Center (Miami, Florida: National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration). April 13, 2012. Retrieved January 12, 2013.
External links[edit]
Hurricane Carla radar loop
NOAA hurricane lists
NOAA Carla page


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February 1965 South Florida tornado outbreak
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to: navigation, search

The February 1965 South Florida tornado outbreak was a tornado outbreak[1] that affected the southern Florida peninsula on February 23, 1965. At least four confirmed tornadoes touched down between 10 a.m.–1 p.m. EST (15–18 UTC); the strongest tornado moved through the Fort Lauderdale area and produced F3 damage on the Fujita scale, injuring six people. In addition, a F1 tornado also moved through northern Broward and southern Palm Beach counties. Two tornadoes also affected Lee County, producing F2 and F1 damage, respectively. 50 percent of the tornadoes attained strong (F2–F3) or violent (F4–F5) intensity.[2]



Contents  [hide]
1 Meteorological synopsis
2 Tornado table
3 Confirmed tornadoes
4 Significant storms
5 See also 5.1 Bibliography
6 References

Meteorological synopsis[edit]
The first tornado of the outbreak touched down around 10:49 a.m. EST near Coral Springs and dissipated near Delray Beach,[2] causing intermittent, minor damage to rural areas.[3] The second tornado touched down near Chula Vista[2] and moved north-northeast across western portions of the city of Fort Lauderdale, affecting 40 blocks of the city.[4] The small funnel was visible from a jetliner waiting to take off from Fort Lauderdale International Airport.[5] Later, it briefly lifted prior to touching down in Oakland Park,[4] and it dissipated northeast of Wilton Manors.[2] Though three funnel clouds occurred along the path, but only one tornado developed.[3] One home was destroyed, while seven trailers, three cars, and multiple trucks received severe damage.[4] Most of the damage affected a marina and a trailer park, though damage to power poles left about 2,400 residents powerless.[5] The width of the damage path did not exceed 60 yards (20 feet). The tornado caused six injuries,[4] three of them due to airborne debris, and at least $140,000 (1965 USD) in damages.[5] The tornado is officially estimated to have been a F3 event. It remains one of only three F3 tornadoes to affect Broward County since 1950; the others occurred on April 10, 1956, and March 1, 1980.[2] However, at least one source disputes the rating, listing the 1965 tornado at F2 status.[4] The third and fourth tornadoes touched down around 12:45 p.m. EST in the Fort Myers and San Carlos Park areas, respectively. The last tornado caused substantial damage to "saran cloth" housing[3] and inflicted two injuries.[2]

Tornado table[edit]
Confirmed
Total Confirmed
F0 Confirmed
F1 Confirmed
F2 Confirmed
F3 Confirmed
F4 Confirmed
F5
4 0 2 1 1 0 0
Confirmed tornadoes[edit]

F#
Location
County
Time (UTC)
Path length
Damage
Florida
F1 Coral Springs area to S of Delray Beach Broward, Palm Beach 1549 14.1 miles
 (22.7 km) Unknown
F3 Chula Vista area to NE of Wilton Manors Broward 1615 5 miles
 (8 km) Six injuries occurred, but no deaths were reported.[2]
F2 Fort Myers area Lee 1745 0.5 miles
 (0.8 km) Unknown
F1 NE of San Carlos Park Lee 1745 0.1 miles
 (0.2 km) Two injuries were reported.[2]
Sources: NCDC Storm Events Database, SPC Storm Data, Significant Tornadoes 1680-1991: Chronology and Analysis of Events by Thomas P. Grazulis


Significant storms[edit]
In addition to tornadoes, severe thunderstorms produced strong wind gusts that damaged at least three homes near Lehigh Acres. Multiple funnel clouds occurred over at least two counties in southern Florida, and at least one waterspout touched down near West Palm Beach.[3]

See also[edit]
List of North American tornadoes and tornado outbreaks

Bibliography[edit]
Grazulis, Thomas P. (1993). Significant Tornadoes 1680-1991: A Chronology and Analysis of Events. Environmental Films. ISBN 1-879362-03-1.
— (2003). The Tornado: Nature’s Ultimate Windstorm. University of Oklahoma Press. ISBN 978-8061-3538-0 Check |isbn= value (help).

References[edit]
1.Jump up ^ Hagemeyer, B. C. (September 1997). "Peninsular Florida Tornado Outbreaks". Weather and Forecasting (American Meteorological Society) 12 (3): 399–427. doi:10.1175/1520-0434(1997)012<0399:PFTO>2.0.CO;2.
2.^ Jump up to: a b c d e f g h National Climatic Data Center. "Storm Events Database". NOAA. Retrieved 2008-07-19.
3.^ Jump up to: a b c d "Storm Data and Unusual Weather Phenomena". Storm Data (United States Department of Commerce) 7 (2): 8. February 1965.
4.^ Jump up to: a b c d e Grazulis, Thomas P. (1993). Significant Tornadoes 1680-1991: Chronology and Analysis of Events. Environmental Films.
5.^ Jump up to: a b c United Press International (1965). Tornadoes Strike 2 Florida Sectors. The New York Times (February 24, 1965).
 


Categories: F3 tornadoes
Tornadoes of 1965
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1965 in Florida




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1965 Palm Sunday tornado outbreak
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This article is about the 1965 tornado outbreak. For other uses, see Palm Sunday tornado outbreak (disambiguation).


 This article includes a list of references, but its sources remain unclear because it has insufficient inline citations. Please help to improve this article by introducing more precise citations. (April 2011)
Palm Sunday (1965) Tornado Outbreak II
Palmsundaytwintornadoes.jpg
Picture of the "double tornado" that hit the Midway Trailer Park in Indiana, killing 14.

Formed
12:55, April 11, 1965
Dissipated
00:30, April 12, 1965
Tornadoes confirmed
47
Maximum rated tornado1
F4 tornado
Damage
5.5 billion (2007 dollars)[1]
Fatalities
271
Areas affected
Indiana, Michigan, Ohio, Wisconsin, Iowa, Illinois
1Most severe tornado damage; see Fujita Scale
The second Palm Sunday tornado outbreak occurred on April 11–12, 1965, in the Midwest U.S. states of Indiana, Ohio, Michigan, Wisconsin, Illinois and Iowa, with 47 tornadoes (15 significant, 17 violent, 21 killers). It was the second-biggest outbreak on record at the time. In the Midwest, 271 people were killed and 1,500 injured (1,200 in Indiana). It was the deadliest tornado outbreak in Indiana history, with 137 people killed.[1] The outbreak also made that week in April 1965 the second-most-active week in history, with 51 significant and 21 violent tornadoes. Despite having 17 F4 tornadoes, 6 of them (4 in Indiana, and 2 in Ohio) are questionable, and may have been F5's.


Contents  [hide]
1 Meteorological synopsis
2 Confirmed tornadoes 2.1 April 11 event
2.2 April 12 event
3 Outbreak description 3.1 Illinois
3.2 Indiana
3.3 Michigan and Ohio
4 Aftermath 4.1 Suction vortices
5 Casualties
6 See also
7 References
8 External links 8.1 Further reading


Meteorological synopsis[edit]
The tornadoes occurred in a swath 450 miles long (724 km) from Clinton County, Iowa, to Cuyahoga County, Ohio, and a swath 450 miles long (724 km) from Kent County, Michigan, to Montgomery County, Indiana. The outbreak lasted 11 hours and is among the most intense outbreaks, in terms of number, strength, width, path, and length of tornadoes, ever recorded, including four[citation needed] "double/twin funnel" tornadoes.
The outbreak was one of the deadliest, and most violent ever documented, with 17 confirmed violent tornadoes (F4-F5 intensity) all of which were rated F4, the second most amount of violent twisters in one outbreak behind the Super Outbreak of 1974.[2] It occurred on Palm Sunday, an important day in the Christian religion, and many people were attending services at church, one possible reason why some warnings were not received. There had been a short winter that year, and as the day progressed, the temperature rose to 83 °F (28 °C) in some areas of the Midwestern United States.

Confirmed tornadoes[edit]
Confirmed
Total Confirmed
F0 Confirmed
F1 Confirmed
F2 Confirmed
F3 Confirmed
F4 Confirmed
F5
47 0 15 10 5 17 0
April 11 event[edit]

[hide]List of reported tornadoes - Sunday, April 11, 1965

F#
Location
County
Time (UTC)
Path length
Damage
Iowa
F4 NE of Tipton Cedar, Clinton, Jackson 1855 91.5 miles (147.3 km) 1 death - One person died one month later from their injuries. 25 farms were affected, one of which had every building leveled. Pieces of a farm house were carried for over a mile.
F1 SE of New Hampton Chickasaw, Fayette, Allamakee 1915 49.9 miles (80.3 km) 
Wisconsin
F1 SE of Monroe Green, Rock, Dane 2000 27.1 miles (43.6 km) 50 homes and 65 businesses destroyed or damaged and 40 were injured. Over 400 cars were damaged or destroyed.
F2 S of Watertown Jefferson 2030 14.5 miles (23.3 km) 3 deaths - Deaths were from occupants of a car that was thrown. 28 others were injured. Structures were destroyed on 20 farms.
F1 S of Soldiers Grove Crawford 2045 13.3 miles (21.4 km) One barn was destroyed.
F1 W of Lake Geneva Walworth 2150 1.9 miles (3.1 km) Homes and structures were damaged near Williams Bay.
F1 NW of Elkhorn Walworth 2155 1 mile (1.6 km) One barn was destroyed.
F1 W of Tomah Monroe 2214 2 miles (3.2 km) Several farm buildings were destroyed.
Illinois
F4 Crystal Lake McHenry, Lake 2120 9.1 miles (14.6 km) 6 deaths - Destroyed large sections of the town including a shopping mall. 45 homes were destroyed and 110 were damaged in a single subdivision. A few of the homes were completely swept away. Damage estimates were at about $1.5 million.
F2 N of Gurnee Lake 2150 4.5 miles (7.2 km) Several homes were damaged and two planes flipped at Waukegan Memorial Airport. Falling trees damaged some homes and two others lost their roofs.
F1 Geneva Kane 2200 0.3 miles (0.5 km) About a dozen homes were heavily damaged
F1 Zion Lake 2204 0.5 miles (0.8 km) 
Indiana
F3 NE of Knox to S of South Bend Starke, Marshall, St. Joseph, Elkhart 2245 35.6 miles (57.3 km) 10 deaths - 30 cottages were destroyed and 70 others were damaged along Koontz Lake. 26 homes, one church and one high school were also destroyed. There were 82 people injured. Severe damage took place near La Paz and in the town of Wyatt.[2]
F3 S of Crown Point to SE of Laporte Porter, Laporte 2310 33.1 miles (53.3 km) Several homes and barns were destroyed and 4 people were injured.
F4 W of Wakarusa to NW of Middlebury Elkhart 2315 21.2 miles (34.1 km) 14 deaths - Tornado first touched down and caused severe damage in the Wakarusa area. Destroyed the Midway Trailer Park in Dunlap and numerous other homes in the Middlebury area. Some homes were completely swept away. Was photographed as a double funnel. An airplane wing was found 35 miles away in Centerville, Michigan. 1st of 2 tornadoes hitting the town of Dunlap and the Elkhart region.
F4 NE of Goshen to W of Orland Elkhart, LaGrange 2340 21.6 miles (34.8 km) 5 deaths - Dozens of homes were demolished in the Rainbow Lake and Shore areas, several of which were completely swept away. Some sources list 17 fatalities.
F4 Manitou Beach-Devils Lake, Michigan (1st tornado) Steuben, Branch (MI), Hillsdale (MI), Lenawee (MI), Monroe (MI), Washtenaw (MI) 0000 90.3 miles (145.3 km) 23 deaths - Starting just south of the Indiana-Michigan state line, the massive tornado caused extensive damage to the Manitou Beach region and areas southwest of Detroit.[3] Many structures were destroyed, including a row of homes that were completely swept away and thrown into Coldwater Lake. First of two violent tornadoes to affect the same large portion of Lower Michigan. Damage from the two tornadoes was difficult to separate.
F4 SE of Lafayette to W of Russiaville Tippecanoe, Clinton 0007 21.8 miles (35.1 km) Several homes and other buildings were destroyed or damaged. Homes were completely leveled in Mulberry and Moran.
F4 SE of South Bend to NE of Shipshewana St. Joseph, Elkhart, LaGrange 0010 37 miles (59.5 km) 36 deaths - Second violent tornado struck the Dunlap/Elkhart region in just over an hour. The Sunnyside subdivision was completely destroyed, with many homes swept away. The Kingston Heights subdivision was also devastated. 6 of the victims were killed when the tornado demolished a truck stop. Affected rescue efforts after the first tornado. Also was witnessed as a double funnel tornado. Was initially rated an F5 but downgraded to an F4.[4]
F4 Russiaville to SE of Marion and Greentown Clinton, Howard, Grant 0020 48 miles (77.2 km) 25 deaths - Large sections of Russiaville, Greentown, southern Kokomo and Alto were destroyed. 90% of the structures in Russiaville were damaged or destroyed. The tornado was up to a mile wide when it struck Alto and Kokomo, where hundreds of homes were destroyed. Many homes were destroyed and swept away as the tornado struck Greentown, and multiple fatalities occurred in vehicles in that area. A hospital had its roof torn off south of Marion, and a shopping center was destroyed. Several homes were destroyed in Marion as well. Over 800 people were injured.
F4 SE of Crawfordsville to Arcadia Montgomery, Boone, Hamilton 0050 45.7 miles (73.5 km) 28 deaths - 80 homes were destroyed and over 100 people were injured between Crawfordsville and Arcadia. Some of the most severe damage occurred near the towns of Lebanon and Sheridan. Tornado was up to a mile wide and threw cars over 100 yards. May have been an F5.[4]
F4 W of Montpellier to N of Spencerville, OH Blackford, Wells, Adams, Mercer (OH), Van Wert (OH) 0110 52.5 miles (84.5 km) 4 deaths - F4 damage was observed in Keystone in Wells County. Severe damage also occurred in the Berne area, where a bowling alley, a lumber yard, and a grocery store were destroyed. Tornado crossed into Ohio where it destroyed five homes and damaged five others.[2]
Michigan
F4 N of Grand Rapids Ottawa, Kent 2254 20.6 miles (33.2 km) 5 deaths - 34 homes were destroyed and nearly 200 others damaged near the northern suburbs of Comstock Park and Alpine. Nearly 150 were injured and damage amounts were estimated at almost $15 million.
F1 N of Middleville Allegan, Barry 0005 19.5 miles (31.4 km) 1 death - A trailer and 5 homes were destroyed while 25 others were damaged.
F3 NE of Kalamazoo Kalamazoo 0030 14.2 miles (22.9 km) 4 homes were destroyed and 22 others damaged. 17 people were injured.
F3 Hastings Barry 0040 14.1 miles (22.7 km) 15 homes were damaged and barns and garages were leveled.
F4 Manitou Beach-Devils Lake, Michigan (2nd tornado) Branch, Hillsdale, Lenawee, Monroe, Washtenaw 0040 80.5 miles (129.6 km) 21 deaths - Second tornado to hit the same areas 30 minutes after being affected by the first tornado. Tornado leveled what was left standing from the first tornado. Total damage estimates from the two tornadoes were $32 million. Over 550 homes, 2 churches, a dance hall, and 100 cottages were destroyed in total. The two tornadoes also caused major damage in and around the towns of Onsted and Milan.[3]
F4 N of Lansing Clinton, Shiawassee 0115 21 miles (33.8 km) 1 death - Several homes were severely damaged or destroyed, one of which was swept away.
F2 W of Ithaca Montcalm, Gratiot 0125 15.1 miles (24.3 km) Several farm buildings and livestocks were destroyed. One home was nearly leveled.
F2 Alma (1st tornado) Gratiot 0130 0.1 miles (0.16 km) One of three tornadoes to strike the area where it caused damage to several buildings including the library, which had its roof torn off. A telephone repair facility was destroyed as well.
F2 Alma (2nd tornado) Gratiot 0130 0.5 miles (0.8 km) 
F2 E of Alma Gratiot 0130 1 mile (1.6 km) 
F2 SE of Bay City Bay 0150 9.9 miles (15.9 km) Tornado tore the roof off homes and an auto dealership. Trailers and barns were destroyed as well.
F2 SW of Unionville Tuscola 0200 9 miles (14.5 km) Damage to a firehall and lumberyard. Barns were also destroyed.
Ohio
F4 Northern Toledo Lucas, Monroe (MI) 0230 5.6 miles (9.0 km) 18 deaths - Numerous homes in the northern suburbs of Toledo were completely destroyed, several of which were completely swept away. 5 people were killed when the tornado picked up a bus and slammed it upside down onto the pavement. Boats and cars were thrown onto and into buildings. A paint factory and department store were destroyed as well. Two people were killed on the Lost Peninsula in Michigan. There were reports of twin tornadoes during the event. Damage amounts were estimated at $25 million.
F4 N of Lima Allen, Hancock 0230 32.5 miles (52.3 km) 13 deaths - Numerous homes and farms were destroyed along the track, some of which were completely obliterated.[2]
F4 N of Sidney Shelby 0300 18.4 miles (29.6 km) 3 deaths - Affected Anna, Swanders and Maplewood where 25 homes were destroyed and 20 others heavily damaged. Several train cars were derailed, and an automobile was carried for 200 yards.
F3 SE of Tiffin Seneca 0315 15 miles (24.1 km) 4 deaths - Struck Rockaway, where 4 homes were leveled and three others were damaged.
F4 S of Oberlin to Strongsville Lorain, Cuyahoga 0405 22 miles (35.4 km) 18 deaths - Extensive damage to Pittsfield and Strongsville. Pittsfield was nearly entirely destroyed and 6 homes were completely swept away there. Vehicles were thrown hundreds of feet and mangled. The tornado then struck Grafton at F2 strength, damaging homes and a car dealership[5] before re-intensifying and striking the north side of Strongsville. In Strongsville 18 homes were leveled, some of which were cleanly swept from their foundations. 50 others were badly damaged in town. Damage amounts were estimated at $5 million. Was listed as an F5 according to meteorologist Thomas Grazulis. Also witnessed as a double tornado.
F1 S of Eaton Preble 0415 0.1 miles (0.16 km)
F1 Brunswick Medina 0430 8.2 miles (13.2 km) One home was destroyed and several others were damaged in Brunswick.
F2 N of Delaware Union, Delaware, Morrow 0430 22.2 miles (35.7 km) 4 deaths - Tornado struck the towns of Radnor and Westfield. 4 were killed in Radnor and 22 were injured in Westfield. 25 homes were destroyed.
F1 S of Cedarville Greene 0450 0.1 miles (0.16 km) 
F1 Ashville to Somerset Pickaway, Fairfield, Perry 0530 38.4 miles (61.8 km) Several farm buildings were destroyed along the path. A dozen trailers were destroyed at a sales lot in Dumontville.
Sources:
Tornado History Project Tornado Data for April 11, 1965, Tornado History Project Tornado Data for April 12, 1965, NWS Detroit Storm Data

April 12 event[edit]

[hide]List of reported tornadoes - Monday, April 12, 1965

F#

Location

County

Time (UTC)

Path length

Damage

Georgia
F1 SW of Grassdale Bartow 0950 2 miles (3.2 km) 
West Virginia
F2 N of Princeton Mercer 1130 0.1 miles (0.16 km) 
Sources:
Tornado History Project Tornado Data for April 12, 1965

Outbreak description[edit]
At around 12:55 p.m.[1], the first tornado touched down in Clinton County, Iowa. It was rated F4 on the Fujita scale and spawned from a thunderstorm cell first detected near Tipton in Cedar County, Iowa, around 12:45 p.m. by radio news reporter Martin Jensen. He was stationed at the WMT Station in Cedar Rapids located some 50 miles (80 km) northwest of Tipton. The station was equipped with a Collins Radio aviation radar mounted on the roof of the station building and used to support severe weather reports on local and regional newscasts. After detecting the severe thunderstorm, the reporter called National Weather Service offices in Waterloo (which had no radar) and Des Moines to alert them about the storm. The phone call became the first hard evidence for the Weather Service regarding the growing threat of severe storms which spawned dozens of tornadoes over the next 12 hours.
Illinois[edit]
A tornado touched down at Crystal Lake, Illinois, where it destroyed several subdivisions and a golf course. It grazed a junior high school before destroying several homes in a small community (Colby's Home Estates). There, 110 homes were damaged and 45 others were destroyed, as well as a shopping center: Crystal Lake Plaza on Route 14. Five people were killed, with three of the fatalities occurring when a truck was thrown into an exposed basement, where several people were taking shelter.[2] The tornado then crested a hill and destroyed the small community of Island Lake, killing one person before ascending back into the clouds at 3:42 p.m. This was one of the many F4 tornadoes that occurred during this outbreak.
Indiana[edit]



 Northern Indiana tornado tracks. Map showing the confirmed paths of the Palm Sunday tornadoes with Fujita scale intensity.
The tornado count increased as the day progressed. Several touched down in Indiana, many of them fatal. Individual supercells spawned as many as 5 violent tornadoes as they tracked west to east. The first touched down at around 5:30 p.m. in Koontz Lake, Indiana. This F3 tornado killed 10 people and injured 180. The tornado moved northeast past La Paz and Lakeville where it damaged LaVille Jr.-Sr. High School, which was under construction. The tornado continued into Wyatt and destroyed twenty homes.[2]
Another tornado formed near the St. Joseph County-Elkhart County border. It tracked east-northeasterly, striking Wakarusa, Indiana, where it killed a child. The tornado moved toward Dunlap, and the Midway trailer park.[3] Elkhart Truth reporter Paul Huffman captured a series of photographs as the twin-funneled, F4 tornado obliterated the trailer park, just south of Dunlap. This initial tornado killed 14 people. One-half hour later, a second F4 tornado directly struck Dunlap to the north and devastated the Sunnyside Housing addition and the unoccupied Sunnyside Mennonite Church.[3] The death toll from the Sunnyside Housing Addition was 28 people, with another six killed at a truck stop at the intersection of Highways 15 and 20. The Palm Sunday Tornado Memorial Park now exists near this location, at the corner of County Road 45 and Cole Street in Dunlap. Most of the 36 people killed in the tornado had no warning because the high winds from the first tornado had knocked out telephone and power grids. For the first time in the U.S. Weather Bureau's history, all nine counties in the northern Indiana office's jurisdiction were under a tornado warning.[6] This is called a "blanket tornado warning."[6] Both tornadoes were officially rated as F4 according to the National Weather Service records. However, both the Midway and Dunlap tornadoes were previously rated F5.[6]
Ninety miles (145 km) to the south, at just past 7:30 p.m., another massive tornado slammed into the town of Russiaville, Indiana. Most of the town was destroyed, leaving several dead. The storm churned into nearby Alto, obliterating it completely, before striking the southern edge of the larger city of Kokomo. As the tornado continued east, it killed ten more people in Greentown, Indiana, most of whom had been riding in automobiles that were hurled across the landscape. Multiple homes were completely destroyed there as well. More destruction ensued in Marion, Indiana before the tornado lifted.[2] In Berne, Indiana, another tornado cut a path through the northern part of the small city damaging homes and businesses including a bowling alley, grocery store and lumber yard before the storm crossed into Ohio and destroyed additional homes before dissipating.[2]
Michigan and Ohio[edit]
Outbreak death toll

State
Total
County
County
 total
Iowa 1 Cedar 1
Illinois 6 McHenry 6
Indiana 138 Adams 1
Boone 20
Elkhart 62
Grant 8
Hamilton 6
Howard 17
Lagrange 10
Marshall 3
Montgomery 2
St. Joseph 3
Starke 4
Wells 2
Michigan 53 Allegan 1
Branch 18
Clinton 1
Hillsdale 6
Kent 5
Lenawee 9
Monroe 13
Ohio 60 Allen 11
Cuyahoga 1
Delaware 4
Hancock 2
Lorain 17
Lucas 16
Mercer 2
Seneca 4
Shelby 3
Wisconsin 3 Jefferson 3
Totals 261 
All deaths were tornado-related
With the telephone lines down, emergency services in Elkhart County, Indiana, could not warn Michigan residents that the tornadoes were headed their way. The radar operator at the U.S. Weather Bureau, at Detroit Metro Airport, observed that the thunderstorms over northern Indiana and western Lower Michigan, were moving east-northeast at 70 mph (112 km/h). In Michigan, tornadoes hit as far north as Kent County, Michigan, just north of Grand Rapids. Of the southernmost counties of Michigan, all but three (Berrien, Cass, and St. Joseph counties) were hit. Two F4 tornadoes struck Hillsdale County (along with several other counties)[2] and destroyed about 200 cottages along Baw Beese Lake. Many people escaped harm as they were in church instead of out at the lake. Later, the Manitou Beach-Devils Lake area in Lenawee was hit by the two tornadoes in a span of a little more than 30 minutes, causing numerous fatalities (including a family of six). The local dance pavilion on Devils Lake was demolished, having recently been rebuilt after a fire on Labor Day in 1963. One of the tornadoes damaged parts of Onsted; in the nearby village of Tipton, which suffered a direct hit, 94% of the town's buildings were damaged or destroyed.
The pair of F4 tornadoes also struck the then-Village of Milan, south of Ann Arbor, straddling the county line in southeastern Washtenaw County (York Township) and northwestern Monroe County (Milan Township).[3] One tornado destroyed the Wolverine Plastics building on the Monroe County side of town (then, the top employer in the village), completely removing the roof in the process. That or the other tornado then struck and seriously damaged the Milan Junior High School and the adjacent, disused (since 1958) senior high school, at Hurd and North streets, on the Washtenaw County side of Milan. Milan became a city in 1967; opened a new Middle School in 1969, which replaced the old Junior High School; and eventually demolished the 1900 building that housed the former junior and senior high schools.
Tornadoes continued from Indiana into Ohio where additional fatalities occurred across the state border. A double tornado was sighted near Toledo, Ohio, which devastated northern parts of the city with at least F4 tornado damage.[2] Five people were killed when the tornado flipped over a bus on the Detroit-Toledo Expressway (today's Interstate 75). Other violent tornadoes occurred near the Indiana/Ohio border.
At around 11 p.m., a tornado touched down in Lorain County, Ohio, and struck Pittsfield, Ohio, killing seven and destroying most structures. The same tornado caused severe damage to homes in Grafton. When the storm neared the Cleveland, Ohio area, it diverged into two paths about 1⁄2 mile (0.8 km) apart. Several witnesses also saw two funnels merging into one similar to the first Dunlap tornado.[6] Large trees laying 50 feet (15 m) apart were felled lying in different directions. The storm also displayed at least F4 damage in Strongsville, where homes simply disappeared. This tornado killed 18 people and was also previously rated as an F5 before being lowered to an F4 by NWS officials. Some tornado experts such as Thomas P. Grazulis, still consider it to be an F5.
The last killer tornado occurred at 12:30 a.m. on April 12. It moved along a 22 miles (35 km) path north of Columbus, Ohio, causing F2 damage and killing four people.[2]
Aftermath[edit]
The U.S. Weather Bureau investigated the large number of deaths. Although Radar stations were few and far between in 1965, the severe nature of this storm was identified with adequate time to disseminate warnings. But the warning system failed as the public never received them. Additionally, the public did not know the difference between a Forecast and an Alert. Thus the Tornado watch and Tornado warning programs were implemented. Pivotal to those clarifications was a meeting in the WMT Stations studio in Cedar Rapids, Iowa. Officials of the severe storms forecast center in Kansas City met with WMT meteorologist Conrad Johnson and News Director Grant Price. Their discussion led to establishment of the official "watch" and "warning" procedures in use since 1965.
As technology has advanced since 1965; warnings can be spread via cable and satellite television, PCs and the Internet, solid-state electronics, cell phones, and NOAA Weatheradio.
Suction vortices[edit]
Dr. Ted Fujita discovered suction vortices during the Palm Sunday tornado outbreak. It had previously been thought the reason why tornadoes could hit one house and leave another across the street completely unscathed was because the tornado would "jump" from one house to another. However, Dr. Fujita discovered that the actual reason is most destruction is caused by suction vortices: small, intense mini-tornadoes within the main tornado.
Casualties[edit]
In the Midwest, 271 people were killed and 1,500 injured (1,200 in Indiana). It was the deadliest tornado outbreak in Indiana history with 138 people killed.[2]
See also[edit]
List of North American tornadoes and tornado outbreaks
1920 Palm Sunday tornado outbreak
1994 Palm Sunday tornado outbreak
References[edit]
1.^ Jump up to: a b Heidorn, Keith C. (April 1, 2007). "1965 Palm Sunday Tornado Outbreak Part I: The Beginning". The Weather Doctor. Archived from the original on 2007-11-01. Retrieved 10 December 2012.
2.^ Jump up to: a b c d e f g h i j k (Grazulis 1993)
3.^ Jump up to: a b c d e "The Palm Sunday Outbreak". Tornado History Project. Retrieved 2013-09-09.
4.^ Jump up to: a b http://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/techrpts/tr9902/tr9902.pdf
5.Jump up ^ "Remembering the Pittsfield Tornado | Neil Zurcher's One Tank Trips". Archived from the original on 2013-07-02. Retrieved 2013-06-29.
6.^ Jump up to: a b c d Blake Naftel. "April 11, 1965: The Palm Sunday Outbreak". Western Michigan University. Archived from the original on 2005-04-08. Retrieved 10 December 2012.
Grazulis, Thomas P. (1993). Significant Tornadoes 1680-1991, A Chronology and Analysis of Events (hardcover). The Tornado Project of Environmental Films. ISBN 1-879362-00-7.
King, Marshall (April 10, 2005). "One for the books". The Elkhart Truth, The Elkhart Truth Online Edition
NCDC 22508, National Climatic Data Center. Accessed 2009-03-31.
Deedler, William King (March 2005). "Palm Sunday Tornado Outbreak: April 11, 1965". The National Weather Service, Detroit/White Lake National Weather Service Office
External links[edit]
1965 Palm Sunday Tornado Outbreak (Keith C. Heidorn)
The Palm Sunday Tornado Outbreak Story (NWS Detroit, MI)
Palm Sunday Tornado Outbreak (Blake Naftel - Internet Archive)
April 11, 1965, Palm Sunday Tornado Outbreak (NWS Indianapolis, IN)
The Palm Sunday Story April 11, 1965 (NWS Northern Indiana)
Full map of 1965 Palm Sunday tornado outbreak The Tornado History Project
April 11, 1965 — Palm Sunday Outbreak (Shawn Schuman)
Further reading[edit]
Palm Sunday Tornadoes of April 11, 1965, by Tetsuya T. Fujita and Dorothy L. Bradbury, with C. F. Van Thullenar. Chicago Satellite & Mesometeorology Research Project, University of Chicago, 1970. There is no ISBN available; Library of Congress Control Number: 70017916.
The Night of the Wicked Winds: the 1965 Palm Sunday tornadoes in Ohio, by Roger Pickenpaugh. Baltimore, MD: Gateway Press, 2003. ISBN 0-9709059-3-9 (paperback).
Winds of fury, circles of grace: life after the Palm Sunday tornadoes, by Dale Clem. Nashville: Abingdon Press, 1997. ISBN 0-687-01795-5 (alk. paper)
The Mighty Whirlwind, by David Wagler. Aylmer, Ontario: Pathway Publishing Corp., 1966. There is no ISBN available; Library of Congress Control Number: 67112646.
The Palm Sunday Tornado, by Timothy E. Bontrager, 2005. A novel by an author whose grandparents died in the tornado. For details see www.timothybontrager.com.
Fujita, Tetsuya T., et al. (1970). "Palm Sunday Tornadoes of April 11, 1965", web: AllP-DOI. Monthly Weather Review, 98 (1), pp. 29–69.
Night of the Wind: The Palm Sunday Tornado of April 11, 1965, by Dan Cherry. Adrian, Michigan: Lenawee County Historical Society, 2002. A collection of interviews and eyewitness accounts from the Devils Lake area, located in northwest Lenawee County. There is no ISBN available; Library of Congress Control Number not available.
 


Categories: F4 tornadoes
Tornadoes of 1965
Tornadoes in Illinois
Tornadoes in Indiana
Tornadoes in Michigan
Tornadoes in Ohio
1965 in the United States
Palm Sunday tornado outbreaks
Strongsville, Ohio







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Early-May 1965 tornado outbreak sequence
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Early-May 1965 tornado outbreak sequence
May 6 Tornado Path.jpg
Tornado tracks through Minneapolis–Saint Paul on May 6

Date(s)
May 5–8, 1965
Duration
3 days, 7 hours, 2 minutes
Tornadoes caused
72
Maximum rated tornado
F5 (Fujita scale)
Damages
Estimated $51 Million[1][2]
Casualties
17 (770 injured)
The early-May 1965 tornado outbreak sequence[nb 1][nb 2] was a major severe weather event that affected much of the Central United States on May 5–8, 1965. For four consecutive days, tornado outbreaks produced at least three significant (F2+) tornadoes each day, and at least two violent (F4–F5) tornadoes on three of the four days. The entire sequence generated 37 significant tornadoes, including at least nine violent tornadoes, one of which was rated F5. On May 5, two F4s struck Iowa, including a long-tracked tornado family that injured 11 people. On May 6, an outbreak of six strong tornadoes, four of them violent F4s, affected Minneapolis and St. Paul, Minnesota, and has been nicknamed "The Longest Night", killing 13 people and causing major damages—at the time the most damaging single weather event in Minnesota history.[1] Three of the six tornadoes occurred on the ground simultaneously, and two of them hit the section of Interstate 694 and University Avenue in the town of Fridley.[4] Both Fridley tornadoes damaged 1,100 homes and destroyed about 425; total losses reached $14.5 million, $5 million of which was to the Fridley school system.
On May 7, three significant tornadoes hit portions of the Upper Midwest, and beginning early on May 8, a major tornado outbreak affected the Great Plains states, particularly in Nebraska and South Dakota. The outbreak on May 8 produced numerous significant, long-lived tornadoes, including at least three violent tornadoes, two of which were actually long-tracked tornado families. A very large F5 tornado struck Tripp County in South Dakota, and two major F4s tracked across parts of Greeley and Antelope Counties in Nebraska. One of the F4s struck the small village of Primrose, almost totally destroying the settlement, causing possible F5 damage, and killing four people. Additionally, a high-end F3 obliterated a farm in Gregory County, South Dakota, and may have been an F4 as well. Many of the individual tornadoes on May 8 moved north and northwest, an unusual trajectory for supercells in this part of the Great Plains. Many of the long-tracked tornadoes on this date, rather than single tornadoes, were probably tornado families like the two long-lived F4s.


Contents  [hide]
1 Meteorological synopsis
2 Confirmed tornadoes 2.1 May 5
2.2 May 6
2.3 May 7
2.4 May 8
3 Notable tornadoes 3.1 Fridley, Minnesota (two tornadoes)
4 Aftermath
5 See also
6 References 6.1 Bibliography
7 Notes
8 External links

Meteorological synopsis[edit]



 A tornado over Minnetonka, Minnesota.
Temperatures on May 6 were in the upper 70s °F with high dew points, which was considered to be unusual for early May in Minnesota.[1] A strong low pressure area associated with an upper-level system moving in from the southwest and a nearby slow-moving cold front helped spark the storms. These storms formed as training supercells—an atmospheric phenomenon that is extremely rare in Minnesota. Because of the training, the same general areas from Sibley County through Carver and Hennepin and into northwestern Ramsey counties kept getting the brunt of these cells.[1]

Confirmed tornadoes[edit]
Outbreak death toll

State
Total
County
County
 total
Minnesota 13 Anoka 3
Carver 3
Hennepin 6
Sibley 1
Totals 13 
All deaths were tornado-related
Confirmed
Total Confirmed
F? Confirmed
F0 Confirmed
F1 Confirmed
F2 Confirmed
F3 Confirmed
F4 Confirmed
F5
72 10 14 15 22 6 8 1

May 5[edit]

[hide]List of confirmed tornadoes

F#

Location

County

Time (UTC)

Path length

Damage

Iowa
F2 Hartley to W of Sibley O'Brien, Osceola 2030 21.8 miles (35.1 km) 
F4 S of Rinard to NE of Callender Calhoun, Webster 2215 9.9 miles (15.9 km) An intense tornado damaged eight farms near Farnhamville before hitting the south side of Slifer. The tornado destroyed a church and a parsonage, both of which were swept away.[5]
F4 Osage to N of Kendallville Floyd, Howard, Winneshiek 0200 41.6 miles (66.9 km) Two large farmhouses were leveled 3 miles (4.8 km) northwest of Kendallville, and about 28 farms were destroyed. All 11 injuries occurred in Mitchell County. The tornado was probably a family of several tornadoes, and it may have been continuous with the F3 tornado near Harmony, Minnesota, listed farther below.[5]
South Dakota
F1 Near Elkton Brookings 2045 34.7 miles (55.8 km) Three farms were reported damaged.[6]
North Dakota
F? W of Leal Barnes 2100 unknown Brief touchdown.[6]
F2 NE of Leonard to NW of Harwood Cass 2315 33.8 miles (54.4 km) This tornado family moved erratically northward, destroying barns, sheds, and other farm buildings. Seven farms were hit. At least two separate tornadoes, two hours apart, may have produced damage.[5]
Texas
F0 W of Spofford Kinney 2300 0.1 miles (0.16 km) 
F1 NE of Wingate Runnels, Taylor 0300 0.1 miles (0.16 km) 
Minnesota
F1 SE of Sauk Centre Stearns 2320 0.5 miles (0.80 km) 
F2 NW of Alexandria to NW of Wolf Lake Douglas, Otter Tail, Becker 2330 24.3 miles (39.1 km) A tornado destroyed lakeside cottages near Lake Darling and badly damaged structures on eight farms as well. The tornado continued on to Big Toad Lake, where it destroyed a large, two-story "summer home." Five other homes and cottages sustained minor damage. A family of two separate tornadoes may have been involved.[5]
F1 S of Gaylord to E of New Auburn Sibley 2345 11.2 miles (18.0 km) 
F3 S of Harmony to SE of Melrose, WI Fillmore, Houston, Winona, La Crosse (WI) 0100 65.2 miles (104.9 km) This tornado may have consisted of two separate tornadoes, with the path of the first ending, and the second beginning, in Houston County. Homes and barns were reported destroyed near Canton, Lenora, and Newburg. Farther along the path, more barns and a brick schoolhouse were also destroyed. As the tornado crossed into Wisconsin, it destroyed more buildings on several farms. A car in Wisconsin was moved 75 feet (23 m) as well.[5]
F0 SE of Elgin Wabasha 0225 0.3 miles (0.48 km) 
F0 NW of Rushford Village Winona 0300 0.2 miles (0.32 km) A brief tornado destroyed two farms near Fremont. Rating disputed, ranked F2 by Grazulis.[5]
F2 W of Le Roy to NE of Racine Mower, Fillmore 0304 23.6 miles (38.0 km) A tornado destroyed a barn and damaged 20 farms in its path.[5]
Wisconsin
F2 W of Grantsburg to W of Webster Burnett 0215 14.3 miles (23.0 km) 
F2 NW of Cumberland to S of Barronett Barron 0530 4.5 miles (7.2 km) 
Source: National Climatic Database Center

May 6[edit]

[hide]List of confirmed tornadoes

F#

Location

County

Time (UTC)

Path length

Damage

Minnesota
F4 NE of Cologne to N of Crystal Bay Carver 0008 13 miles (21 km) 3 deaths – The first of four powerful F4 tornadoes touched down just east of Cologne in Carver County. The tornado struck the Island Park–Mound area, where it destroyed 17 homes,[5] some of which were leveled. The tornado then struck and destroyed most of the Navarre community, where 16 homes were destroyed. The tornado also destroyed all barns and outbuildings on 30 farms. Homes were destroyed on 20 farms as well.[5] According to a 1975 map, which contains the most revised data on the May 6 tornadoes, the tornado dissipated north of Crystal Bay.[4]
F4 Chanhassen to S of Wayzata Carver 0027 7 miles (11 km) The second of the four F4 tornadoes—and the first of two to be photographed this day—touched down near Lake Susan in Chanhassen and traveled 7 miles (11 km) toward Deephaven in Hennepin County. The first damage was reported south of Chanhassen, where 30 homes were damaged or destroyed. The tornado traveled due north, causing damage to a lumberyard and a shopping center. The tornado then damaged 35 homes at Lotus Lake and damaged or destroyed another 50 at Christmas Lake. As the tornado continued into Deephaven, it destroyed 100 homes, some of which were completely leveled, including "large and expensive" homes.[5] According to official sources, the tornado dissipated after hitting Deephaven, and only two tornadoes hit Fridley;[4] however, Grazulis reports that the tornado turned northeast, continuing beyond Deephaven, passing just south of Medicine Lake, striking Golden Valley, and hitting Fridley at 7:10 p.m. (0110 UTC).[5] Six homes were reportedly damaged in Golden Valley, "clocks stopped" in Fridley, and 25 airplanes were damaged or destroyed at Anoka County-Blaine Airport in Blaine.[5] However, the official records end this tornado near Deephaven and only indicate that two tornadoes, not three, hit Fridley.[4]
F3 E of New Auburn to NW of Lester Prairie Sibley 0034 16 miles (26 km) Tornado touched down about 3 mi (4.8 km) east of New Auburn in Sibley County and moved to just west of Lester Prairie in McLeod County. The tornado damaged or destroyed at least 25 farm buildings, as well as a church and a school, but there were no injuries or fatalities. Damages reached $1,000,000 (1965 USD).[5]
F2 E of Green Isle to NE of Norwood Young America Sibley 0043 11 miles (18 km) 1 death – Tornado touched down about 2 mi (3.2 km) east of Green Isle in Sibley County and was on the ground 11 mi (18 km). It dissipated about 2 mi (3.2 km) southwest of Waconia in Carver County. A farmer and his cattle were killed 3 mi (4.8 km) southeast of Hamburg.[5] Photographs showed that nearby trees were debarked and shredded.[7] The tornado was up to .75 mi (1.21 km) wide near Norwood Young America and Waconia.[5] Three barns were reportedly destroyed southwest of Cologne at 7:15 p.m. (0115 UTC), but Grazulis counts the damage as being related to a second F2 tornado (not officially listed).[5]
F4 SW of Columbia Heights to Fridley to N of Spring Lake Park Hennepin,[5] Anoka 0106 7 miles (11 km) 3 deaths – The first of at least two tornadoes to hit Fridley touched down in the southwesternmost corner of Fridley in Anoka County. It then moved across the Northern Ordnance industrial plant and continued to Osborne Road and Highway 65.[5][7] At this point, the tornado was visually spectacular and, like the Deephaven tornado, was one of the two tornadoes to be photographed during the outbreak.[5][7] The funnel then struck Fridley directly, hitting the main school and park complex, the city hall, and a trailer court.[5][7] 300 people were attending an evening program in Fridley Junior High when the tornado struck, but only a single child was injured.[5] The tornado eventually struck hundreds of homes in Fridley before continuing north-northeast into Spring Lake Park. There, the tornado was at its greatest intensity, destroying 150 homes and leveling some of them.[5] 75% of all the businesses in Spring Lake Park were reported destroyed, and 900 people in the town were said to be homeless.[5] 175 people were injured. The tornado dissipated just northeast of Laddie Lake in Blaine in Anoka County.[7]
F4 Golden Valley to Fridley to Lino Lakes Hennepin, Anoka, Ramsey[8] 0214 18 miles (29 km) 6 deaths – The last and deadliest violent tornado of the day touched down in Golden Valley in Hennepin County and moved across north Minneapolis, Fridley in Anoka County, and Mounds View in Ramsey County before dissipating just west of Centerville in Anoka County. Like the previous event, this tornado also struck the Northern Ordnance industrial plant. Total damage from the two tornadoes at the Northern Ordnance plant reached $2 million (1965 USD) in damage, shutting down the plant for more than one month.[7] Next, the tornado damaged 25 homes and eight businesses when it hit Golden Valley.[8] The tornado then became the second of the day to hit Fridley, and even struck the same trailer park in Fridley hit by the previous tornado.[7][8] The tornado also destroyed 85% of an elementary school. In Fridley, some homes were hit more than once by multiple tornadoes.[8] As it continued into Mounds View, the tornado completely leveled numerous homes, killing six people. In all, 46 homes in Mounds View were destroyed, and losses reached about $1 million (1965 USD).[8] 158 people were injured.
Oklahoma
F2 NW of Loyal Kingfisher 0000 0.1 miles (0.16 km) A brief touchdown destroyed a barn, a shop, a granary, and a shed. It also damaged four homes and two "combines."[5]
F2 SE of Dodson, TX, to W of Granite, OK Harmon, Greer 0050 31.3 miles (50.4 km) This tornado may have begun in Texas. It damaged or destroyed at least six homes, 10 barns, a gin, a store, a church, and a school.[5]
F1 SE of Canton Blaine 0100 0.1 miles (0.16 km) 
F0 Oakwood Dewey 0100 0.1 miles (0.16 km) 
F1 Dewey Washington 0300 0.1 miles (0.16 km) 
Nebraska
F0 E of Newcastle Dixon 0145 0.1 miles (0.16 km) 
Source: National Climatic Database Center

May 7[edit]

[hide]List of confirmed tornadoes

F#

Location

County

Time (UTC)

Path length

Damage

Wisconsin
F2 S of Shell Lake Washburn 1430 1 mile (1.6 km) A brief tornado unroofed a school in which 300 students sheltered, but none were hurt.[8]
South Dakota
F? NE of Lake Andes Charles Mix 1830 unknown 
Iowa
F? Oelwein Fayette 1855 unknown 
F? Fairfield Van Buren 2030 unknown 
Kansas
F0 S of Garden City Finney 2200 0.1 miles (0.16 km) 
F2 N of Pierceville Finney 2200 0.1 miles (0.16 km) 
F2 N of Cimarron Finney 2200 0.1 miles (0.16 km) 
Minnesota
F0 SW of Kenyon Le Seur 0010 0.5 miles (0.80 km) 
Oklahoma
F0 Arnett Ellis 0050 0.8 miles (1.3 km) 
Texas
F0 S of Wheeler Wheeler 0050 0.1 miles (0.16 km) 
Source: National Climatic Database Center

May 8[edit]

[hide]List of confirmed tornadoes

F#

Location

County

Time (UTC)

Path length

Damage

Colorado
F2 N of Nunn Weld 0900 1 mile (1.6 km) A brief touchdown caused damage to farm structures, equipment, and trees.[6]
Wisconsin
F1 N of Waukesha Waukesha 1915 2 miles (3.2 km) 
Oklahoma
F0 SE of Randlett Cotton 2000 0.1 miles (0.16 km) 
F1 SW of Barnsdall Osage 2200 0.1 miles (0.16 km) 
F1 N of Stidham McIntosh 0300 0.1 miles (0.16 km) 
F0 S of Marietta Love 0310 0.1 miles (0.16 km) 
Kansas
F? SW of Independence Montgomery 2115 1 mile (1.6 km) A tornado caused $4,000 (1965 USD) in damage near the Independence Municipal Airport.[6]
F? N of Girard Crawford 2315 unknown Brief touchdown.[6]
Nebraska
F3 N of Saint Michael to SW of Farwell Howard 2200 10.2 miles (16.4 km) A tornado unroofed some homes and barns and passed northwest of Boelus.[8]
F4 NW of Farwell to Orchard Howard, Greeley, Wheeler, Antelope, 2225 78.9 miles (127.0 km) This long-tracked tornado was likely a family of multiple violent tornadoes. The tornado destroyed numerous farms, many of which were entirely leveled. Two people sheltering in a basement north of Greeley may have been injured,[8] but these injuries are not listed officially.
F2 SE of Long Pine to NW of Mills Rock, Keya Paha 2230 44.9 miles (72.3 km) A long-lived tornado leveled a farmhouse and may have injured a man fleeing in a pickup truck. The tornado also destroyed buildings on "at least a dozen" farms northwest of Newport. This event may have been two separate tornadoes, one 4 mi (6.4 km) east of Bassett and another northwest of Newport. Rating disputed, ranked F3 by Grazulis.[8]
F2 E of Johnstown Brown, Keya Paha 2230[8] 9 miles (14 km) A strong tornado destroyed three homes on at least seven ranches, along with other structures. Vehicles were thrown up to .5 mi (0.80 km) from where they originated. According to Grazulis, this tornado caused near-F4 damage to ranches 6 mi (9.7 km) northwest of Ainsworth,[8] though the official rating is only F2. The tornado may have stayed on the ground as far as Wewela, South Dakota, and the parent storm eventually produced an F5 tornado near Colome in South Dakota.[8]
F3 Hebron to E of Cordova Thayer, Fillmore, Saline, Seward 2240 40.1 miles (64.5 km) A long-lived tornado leveled a barn 3 mi (4.8 km) east of Ohiowa.[8] Several farms were reportedly destroyed as well.[6]
F3 SW of Chambers to Saratoga Holt 2300 44.8 miles (72.1 km) A long-tracked tornado destroyed and swept away many barns. A car was thrown 200 yd (180 m), and ranches were completely destroyed.[8]
F1 Stapleton to S of Valentine Logan, Thomas, Cherry 2300 89.8 miles (144.5 km) A long-lived tornado did "major damage" near Thedford,[6] destroying at least one barn.[8] Rating disputed, ranked F2 by Grazulis.
F1 N of Eagle Cass 2300 0.1 miles (0.16 km) Brief touchdown reported.[6]
F4 N of Wood River to Wausa Hall, Greeley, Boone, Antelope, Cedar 2330 125.7 miles (202.3 km) 4 deaths – This long-lived family of violent tornadoes destroyed 90% of the village of Primrose. The tornado was reported to have had two funnels as it hit Primrose.[9] Homes were swept from their foundations, and the damage swath was 300 yd (270 m) wide.[10] Tree damage in the village was severe.[11] Vehicles were thrown hundreds of yards, and there may have been F5 damage to buildings as well.[12] Cars were carried for 400 yd (370 m), and a truck body was carried and rolled for 2 mi (3.2 km).[8] 53 people were injured, and four were dead at Primrose.
F2 E of Ainsworth Brown, Keya Paha 2330 4.1 miles (6.6 km) A tornado passed east of Ainsworth.[6]
F1 W of Hampton Hamilton 2330 0.1 miles (0.16 km) Brief touchdown occurred between Aurora and Hampton.[6]
F1 N of Phillips to NE of Chapman Hamilton 2335 7.2 miles (11.6 km) A tornado destroyed all the buildings except the farmhouse on a farm. Rating disputed, ranked F2 by Grazulis.[8]
F0 W of Spencer Boyd 0000 0.1 miles (0.16 km) Brief touchdown witnessed.[6]
F2 Columbus to W of Clarkson Platte, Colfax 0000 24 miles (39 km) A tornado skipped along and destroyed structures on several farms.[6]
F1 E of Winside to Dakota City Wayne, Dixon, Dakota 0030 41.5 miles (66.8 km) A skipping tornado caused mostly minor damage, but produced major damage to a farm northeast of Wayne.[6]
South Dakota
F? N of Fort Thompson Buffalo 2200 unknown 
F5 E of Wewela to NE of Winner Tripp 2315 30.1 miles (48.4 km) This huge tornado, about 1 mi (1.6 km) wide, damaged 25 farms, destroyed seven farms, and completely swept away three of them near Gregory.[8][12]
F2 SW of Colome Tripp 2323 0.1 miles (0.16 km) 
F3 SW of Burke Gregory 0000 1.5 miles (2.4 km) A brief tornado moved northwest and destroyed all buildings on a farm, including two homes, a concrete barn, and a wooden barn. Vehicles and machinery were mangled into unrecognizable shapes. Rating disputed, ranked F4 by Grazulis.[8]
F2 SE of Howard Miner 0030 3.3 miles (5.3 km) Moved northwest, north of Canova. Some farm structures were damaged, and cattle were killed.[6]
F1 SE of Onida Sully 0030 0.1 miles (0.16 km) 
F2 W of Baltic to NE of Colton Clay 0100 4.5 miles (7.2 km) Barns and concrete silos were destroyed on three farms.[8]
F2 SW of Pukwana Brule 0100 4.3 miles (6.9 km) A tornado moved northwest, destroying newly built barns on two farms, along with several silos.[8]
F0 NW of Gettysburg Potter 0100 0.1 miles (0.16 km) Brief touchdown over open country.[6]
F? NW of Oahe Dam Stanley 0200 unknown 
F0 SW of Akaska Potter 0332 0.1 miles (0.16 km) 
F? SE of Timber Lake Dewey 0425 unknown 
F? SW of Mobridge Corson 0435 unknown 
Arkansas
F2 SE of Fort Smith 0230 Sebastian 5.1 miles (8.2 km) A tornado destroyed motel cabins and tore roofs and walls from homes. Business buildings sustained damage on seven farms.[8]
Source: National Climatic Database Center

Notable tornadoes[edit]
Fridley, Minnesota (two tornadoes)[edit]



 Tornado damage in Fridley, Minnesota.
Two tornadoes touched down in Fridley, just over an hour apart. In all, six people were killed in the Fridley tornadoes and over 180 were injured. Over 450 homes were destroyed in Fridley, and neighboring Mounds View also sustained heavy damage. A man who called WCCO radio after the first Fridley tornado claimed on air that he had been in his car when the tornado hit and that the tornado blew out his car windows. Although he is widely believed to have been killed by the second Fridley twister later that night (which did kill a 26-year-old man with a similar name), the caller was actually a teacher at Fridley Junior High School who survived. The tornado also damaged the sign adorning the Heights Theater in Columbia Heights. In all, both Fridley tornadoes damaged 1,100 homes and destroyed about 425; total losses reached $14.5 million, $5 million of which was to the Fridley school system.[2][5] Photographs for the earlier Deephaven and second Fridley tornado were published in the Minneapolis Tribune (now Star Tribune) newspaper. Early radar images showed the supercells as they moved through the area.[2]

Aftermath[edit]
The outbreak in Minnesota on May 6 was voted a tie by the Minnesota Climatology Office for the "fifth most significant Minnesota Weather Event of the 20th Century" with the 1965 Mississippi & Minnesota River Flooding.[13] Considering this outbreak occurred just three weeks after the Palm Sunday tornado outbreak, quick and successful warnings from the U.S. Weather Bureau and transmission from WCCO Radio kept the death toll relatively low. This was also the first time in Minnesota state history where civil defense sirens were used for severe weather purposes.[2]

See also[edit]
Climate of Minnesota
List of North American tornadoes and tornado outbreaks
References[edit]
1.^ Jump up to: a b c d Lattery, Robert. "Six Deadly Twisters". Archived from the original on 2012-02-24. Retrieved 18 December 2013.
2.^ Jump up to: a b c d "Summary of May 6, 1965 Tornado Outbreak". Chanhassen, Minnesota: National Weather Service. Retrieved 18 December 2013.
3.Jump up ^ Schneider, Russell S.; Harold E. Brooks; Joseph T. Schaefer. "Tornado Outbreak Day Sequences: Historic Events and Climatology (1875-2003)". Norman, Oklahoma: Storm Prediction Center. Retrieved 13 February 2013.
4.^ Jump up to: a b c d Kuehnast, E. L.; Baker, D. G.; Enz, J. W. (1975). Climate of Minnesota, Part VIII -- Precipitation Patterns in the Minneapolis–St. Paul Metropolitan Area and Surrounding Counties (Technical report). University of Minnesota. 301.
5.^ Jump up to: a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z Grazulis, Significant Tornadoes, 1073.
6.^ Jump up to: a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o "Storm Data and Unusual Weather Phenomena". Storm Data (Asheville, North Carolina: United States Department of Commerce) 7 (5). May 1965.
7.^ Jump up to: a b c d e f g "The May 6, 1965 Tornadoes". NWS Twin Cities. NOAA. May 13, 2013. Retrieved 23 December 2013.
8.^ Jump up to: a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v Grazulis, Significant Tornadoes, 1074.
9.Jump up ^ "Tornadoes belt Nebraska". The Tuscaloosa News. The Associated Press. May 9, 1965. Retrieved 25 November 2013.
10.Jump up ^ "Four Dead In Twister". Daytona Beach Sunday News-Journal. The Associated Press. May 10, 1965. Retrieved 25 November 2013.
11.Jump up ^ "Tornado Death Toll Reaches 4 At Primrose". Lewiston Morning Tribune. The Associated Press. May 10, 1965. Retrieved 25 November 2013.
12.^ Jump up to: a b Grazulis, Thomas P. (2001). F5-F6 Tornadoes. St. Johnsbury, VT: The Tornado Project.
13.Jump up ^ "Significant Minnesota Weather Events of the 20th Century". St. Paul, Minnesota: Minnesota Climatology Working Group. Retrieved 18 December 2013.

Bibliography[edit]
Grazulis, Thomas P. (1993). Significant Tornadoes 1680-1991: A Chronology and Analysis of Events. Environmental Films. ISBN 1-879362-03-1.
— (2003). The Tornado: Nature’s Ultimate Windstorm. University of Oklahoma Press. ISBN 978-0-8061-3538-0.

Notes[edit]
1.Jump up ^ An outbreak is generally defined as a group of at least six tornadoes (the number sometimes varies slightly according to local climatology) with no more than a six-hour gap between individual tornadoes. An outbreak sequence, prior to (after) modern records that began in 1950, is defined as, at most, two (one) consecutive days without at least one significant (F2 or stronger) tornado.[3]
2.Jump up ^ All damage totals are in 1965 United States dollars unless otherwise noted.
External links[edit]
May 6, 1965 Tornado Outbreak (NWS Twin Cities, MN)
Radiotapes.com Aircheck recordings of WCCO Radio's tornado coverage from May 6, 1965.
8mm Home Video of May 6, 1965 Fridley, MN Tornado Damage YouTube Video.
 


Categories: F5 tornadoes
Natural disasters in Minnesota
Tornadoes of 1965
Tornadoes in Minnesota
Tornadoes in Nebraska
Tornadoes in Kansas
Tornadoes in Oklahoma
Tornadoes in Texas
Tornadoes in South Dakota
Tornadoes in North Dakota
Tornadoes in Wisconsin
Tornadoes in Colorado
1965 in Minnesota
1965 in Nebraska
1965 in Kansas


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1966 Candlestick Park tornado
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to: navigation, search

1966 Candlestick Park tornado

F5 tornado
1966 Candlestick tornado map.JPG
Official track of the tornado through central Mississippi

Date
March 3, 1966
Time
4:00 p.m. – 7:45 p.m. CST
Casualties
58 deaths (518 injuries)
Damages
$17.9 million (1966 USD)
 $130 million (2014 USD)
Areas affected
Hinds, Rankin, Scott, Leake, Neshoba, Kemper counties in Mississippi and Pickens, Tuscaloosa counties in Alabama
On March 3, 1966, a violent F5 tornado, dubbed the Candlestick Park tornado after the name of a Jackson, Mississippi shopping mall which was leveled by the storm, wrought catastrophic damage in Mississippi and Alabama along a 202.5 mi (325.9 km) track. The tornado first touched down in Hinds County, Mississippi around 4:00 p.m. CST and moved towards northeast before dissipating at 7:45 p.m. CST in Tuscaloosa County, Alabama.


Contents  [hide]
1 Meteorological synopsis
2 Impact
3 Historic perspective
4 See also
5 References

Meteorological synopsis[edit]
On March 3, 1966, the atmosphere over Mississippi was ripe for a violent tornado. In the upper-levels of the troposphere, a fairly strong jet stream, with winds estimated at 140 to 150 mph (230 to 240 km/h), oriented itself northeastward over the state, providing strong diffluence. A large mid-level trough, centered near Sioux Falls, South Dakota, was the overall system that produced the tornado. It featured low millibar heights roughly four times below the standard mean. Additionally, an unusually strong mid-level jet stream with 105 mph (169 km/h) winds provided additional energy to the storm system. The final factor in the development of the Candlestick Park storm was a subtle wind shift near the surface. At the higher levels, winds flowed from the southwest to the northeast in relation to the jet stream; however, closer to the surface, the inflow from the low pressure system over South Dakota resulted in a south to north flow, allowing for rotation within storms.[1]
In the hours prior to the tornado forming, convective available potential energy (CAPE) values of 1554 j/kg were present, indicating significant instability. However, dry air at higher levels created a capping inversion, limiting the number of thunderstorms that could develop. Later on, a warm front moved passed Jackson, Mississippi, allowing more moist air into the region and increasing lapse rates. This cap served to prevent a tornado outbreak but allowed the formation of a few discrete strong storms.[2] With this, a supercell thunderstorm developed over central Mississippi and produced a large tornado around 4:00 pm CST near the old Adams community in Hinds County, several miles south-southwest of Raymond.[3]
Tornado fatalities by county

County
County
 total
Hinds 19
Leake 6
Neshoba 1
Pickens (AL) 1
Rankin 5
Scott 26
Total 58
All deaths were tornado-related
Tracking generally to the northeast, the tornado moved through mostly rural areas, though several barns and a few homes were heavily damaged. Around 4:30 pm CST, the storm struck the southern limits of Jackson as an F4 or F5 tornado and mostly leveled the Candlestick Park shopping center. Cinder-blocks from the structure were scattered for long distances.[4]A number of homes and businesses were also destroyed in this area. Eyewitness reported pavement scouring, and that a few cars were tossed upwards of 0.5 mi (0.80 km) by the tornado. Many homes and businesses in the area were completely destroyed by the tornado, including a glass factory that was severely mangled. A brick Baptist church was destroyed with such force that it seemingly "exploded".[5] Once it moved through Jackson, the storm crossed the Pearl River and entered Rankin County. In Rankin County, the tornado's progress became unclear as it passed through mostly rural areas and an industrial complex. Currently, it is believed to have continued a nearly straight northeastward track through the entire county. However, reports from locals indicate that the tornado turned slightly more northward.[3]
Near the Leesburg community, the tornado reached its maximum strength of F5, where multiple homes were swept away, large swaths of trees were leveled, pavement was scoured, and chicken houses were obliterated. Similar damage took place as the system moved into Scott County, though specifics are scarce for this portion of the storm's history. Crossing into Leake County along Mississippi Highway 35, the tornado took a more northeasterly track, passing near the communities of Madden and Salem. In Neshoba County, the storm began to weaken, though not considerably as about a dozen more homes were destroyed before the system crossed into Alabama. After crossing the border, significant damage continued through Pickens and Tuscaloosa Counties before the tornado finally dissipated near the city of Tuscaloosa around 7:45 p.m. CST. During the storm's three hour and forty-five minute existence, it traveled roughly 202.5 mi (325.9 km), one of the longest paths ever recorded.[3]
Impact[edit]
Throughout Mississippi, damage from the tornado amounted to $17.9 million (1966 USD) ($130 million (2014 USD)).[6] The most severe damage took place at the Candlestick Park shopping center in southern Jackson where 12 people were killed. Much of the building was leveled and only one wall remained standing.[7]
Historic perspective[edit]



 Revised map of the tornado across central Mississippi
Prior to the Candlestick Park tornado, there had only been one other F5 (the other occurring on December 5, 1953) to touch down in Mississippi.[8] The next storm of this intensity would not take place until April 27, 2011, when two EF5 tornadoes touched down near the towns of Philadelphia and Smithville.[9] Overall, the tornado ranks as the second-deadliest and longest-tracked in the state's history, having killed 57 and traveled 202.5 mi (325.9 km); however, excluding outside portions of the track, it ranks third.[8] In general, it is also regarded as one of the most devastating tornadoes to ever strike Mississippi.[10]
In the decades following the tornado, reassessments on the history of the storm have been made; most notably the Jackson, Mississippi branch of the National Weather Service and meteorologist Thomas P. Grazulis both indicate that there were two separate tornadoes. Based on reports from residents who experienced the tornado, a second one formed as the original dissipated, a common occurrence in cycling supercell thunderstorms. Though there is agreement on this feature, the results have not been implemented into the National Climatic Data Center's severe weather database, thus it is still officially considered one tornado.[3] According to the study by Grazulis, the tornado dissipated over Leake County and a second tornado, estimated at F2 strength, touched down in Pickens County, Alabama. However, this leaves a gap in the track over Neshoba County where one person was killed.[11]
On the 40th anniversary of the tornado, the National Weather Service in Jackson published a section on the tornado titled "If the Tornado Happened Today," briefly detailing the scale of damage in relation to the new developments since the tornado. Given that exactly the same tornado took place in 2006, the loss of life would be considerably higher. Striking at rush hour, numerous vehicles would be in the path of the tornado as it crossed Interstates 20 and 55 as well as U.S. Route 80. Despite vastly improved warning systems, the population density of Jackson would lean towards a higher likelihood of fatalities.[3]
See also[edit]
List of F5 and EF5 tornadoes
List of North American tornadoes and tornado outbreaks
References[edit]
GeneralGrazulis, Thomas P. (November 1990). Significant Tornadoes 1880–1989 2. St. Johnsbury, Vermont: The Tornado Project of Environmental Films. ISBN 1-879362-02-3.
Coordinates: 32.18°N 90.58°W
Specific
1.Jump up ^ "Upper Level Charts (Heights & Winds)". National Weather Service Office in Jackson, Mississippi. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. September 1, 2009. Retrieved May 1, 2011.
2.Jump up ^ "Upper Air Sounding Data". National Weather Service Office in Jackson, Mississippi. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. September 1, 2009. Retrieved May 1, 2011.
3.^ Jump up to: a b c d e "Candlestick Park Tornado Overview". National Weather Service Office in Jackson, Mississippi. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. September 1, 2009. Retrieved May 1, 2011.
4.Jump up ^ Grazulis, Thomas P. (November 1990). Significant Tornadoes 1880–1989
5.Jump up ^ James Bonney (March 5, 1966). "Tornado Plows Horrible Swath; 60 Known Dead". Schenectady Gazette (Schenectady, New York). The Associated Press. Retrieved 15 September 2013.
6.Jump up ^ Associated Press (March 8, 1966). "Wind damage put at $17.9 million". Spokane Daily Chronicle. p. 42. Retrieved May 2, 2011.
7.Jump up ^ Associated Press (March 4, 1966). "Mississippi Counts 57 Tornado Dead". The Tuscaloosa News. p. 1. Retrieved May 2, 2011.
8.^ Jump up to: a b "Other Violent Tornadoes in Mississippi History". National Weather Service Office in Jackson, Mississippi. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. March 2, 2011. Retrieved May 1, 2011.
9.Jump up ^ "Neshoba/Kemper/Winston/Noxubee Counties Tornado". National Weather Service Jackson, Mississippi. Retrieved 14 February 2013.
10.Jump up ^ "The Candlestick Park Tornado". National Weather Service Office in Jackson, Mississippi. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. March 3, 2011. Retrieved May 1, 2011.
11.Jump up ^ Grazulis, p. 473
 


Categories: F5 tornadoes
Tornadoes of 1966
Tornadoes in Alabama
Tornadoes in Mississippi
1966 in the United States




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1966 Tampa tornado family
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Jump to: navigation, search

1966 Tampa tornado family

Date(s)
April 4, 1966
Tornadoes caused
2
Maximum rated tornado
F4 (Fujita scale)
Damages
$5–50 million (1966 USD); $36-363 million (2014 USD)
Casualties
11
The 1966 Tampa tornado family was a deadly tornado family that affected the I-4 corridor in Central Florida from the Tampa Bay area to Brevard County on April 4, 1966. Two tornadoes affected the region, each of which featured a path length in excess of 100 miles (160 km). One of the tornadoes produced estimated F4 damage on the Fujita scale; it remains one of only two F4 tornadoes to strike the U.S. state of Florida, the other of which occurred in 1958.[1] Both F4 tornadoes occurred during El Niño years.[2] Eleven people were killed across the state, including three in the city of Tampa and seven in Polk County. The F4 tornado remains the fourth-deadliest tornado event recorded in Florida; only tornadoes on March 1962, February 2007, and February 1998 caused more deaths in the state.[3] All of the events were induced by non-tropical cyclones.[4] The two tornadoes are officially listed as continuous events, but the tornadoes' damage paths did not cross the entire state, and downbursts may have been responsible for destruction near Lake Juliana and the Kissimmee–Saint Cloud area. However, the combination of tornado and downburst destruction was continuous in Central Florida.[5]


Contents  [hide]
1 Meteorological synopsis
2 Tornado table
3 Confirmed tornadoes
4 Notable tornadoes 4.1 Largo to Merritt Island
4.2 St. Petersburg to Cocoa Beach
5 References

Meteorological synopsis[edit]



 Surface weather analysis on the morning of April 4, 1966
A squall line affected the central Florida peninsula on April 4, and both tornadoes originated as waterspouts over the Gulf of Mexico.[6] The two tornadoes were spawned from a single thunderstorm that entered the Tampa Bay region, and they are believed to have represented a tornado family.[3] Initially, the tornadoes were poorly forecasted by the U.S. Weather Bureau, since meteorological analysis did not indicate the presence of an adjacent surface low, which would have enhance conditions for tornadoes. The first Tornado Watch was not released for the central Florida area prior to the tornadoes.[7]

Tornado table[edit]
Confirmed
Total Confirmed
F0 Confirmed
F1 Confirmed
F2 Confirmed
F3 Confirmed
F4 Confirmed
F5
2 0 0 0 1 1 0
Confirmed tornadoes[edit]

F#
Location
County
Time (UTC)
Path length
Damage
Florida
F4 Largo to N of Merritt Island Pinellas, Hillsborough, Polk, Osceola, Brevard 1300 135.8 miles (218.5 km) 11 deaths – See section on this tornado – 300 people received injuries.[8] One or two homes incurred F4 damage in Gibsonia. It is probable that the event constituted a tornado family, and the total path length may have been less than is officially listed.[5]
F3 S of St. Petersburg to Cocoa Beach Pinellas, Hillsborough, Polk, Osceola, Brevard 1315 123.3 miles (198.4 km) See section on this tornado – This event may have contained multiple tornadoes, which would constitute another tornado family.[5][9]
Source: Tornado History Project storm data for April 4, 1966

Notable tornadoes[edit]
Largo to Merritt Island[edit]
The first tornado touched down around 8:00 a.m. near Largo, Florida, in Pinellas County. It damaged 36–40 houses in the Saint Petersburg and Clearwater areas.[6][9] Later, it continued across the northern side of Tampa, where it demolished 150–158 homes and caused significant damages to 186 residences.[5][6][10] The tornado caused damage to a junior high school,[9] and it ripped roofs from homes and one dormitory on the University of South Florida's campus.[5] Losses in the Tampa Bay area reached $4,000,000 (1966 USD).[5] The tornado moved east-northeast into Polk County and progressed over the northern sides of Lakeland and Saint Cloud. Gibsonia and Galloway received the most severe damages in Polk County; more than 100 homes were demolished in the area, and seven deaths occurred. The tornado also destroyed several trailers from the Lake Juliana area near Auburndale to north of Haines City.[9] It eventually moved over the Cocoa area and lifted between Courtenay and Merritt Island. The tornado produced F4 damage in Polk County,[5] and it was significantly more damaging than the second one; total damages reached $5–50 million (1966 USD).

St. Petersburg to Cocoa Beach[edit]
The second tornado touched down fifteen minutes later than its predecessor near the Sunshine Skyway Bridge, where it lifted a 23 foot (7 m) trailer and an automobile.[6] It moved inland over central Florida and closely paralleled the path of the more powerful first tornado. It crossed Winter Haven, passed near Rockledge, and lifted near the Merritt Island[5] area in Brevard County. Total damages reached $50–100,000, and no deaths occurred. The funnel remained aloft for most of its life span, and maximum damage was typical of a F3 tornado.[1][5] Fifteen homes were dismantled in Lakeland, while homes and businesses were demolished in northern Winter Haven. Warehouses were leveled south of Haines City, while Citrus trees and trailers were impacted near Auburndale.[5] In the Cocoa Beach area, 150 trailers were destroyed, resulting in more than 100 injuries. 20–23 frame structures and a shopping center were also demolished.[5][9] Additionally, the tornado struck the training site for the Houston Astros in nearby Cocoa, ripping four light standards from the ground, flattening the center field fence, and destroying all the backstops and batting cages. One of the cages was thrown more than 800 feet (244 m) into nearby woods.[11] 140 people were injured by the tornado; the majority of the injuries occurred in Brevard County, where 133 people were transported to a hospital in Cocoa Beach.[5] Widespread looting was reported in some localized areas after the passage of the tornadoes in Hillsborough and Polk counties; a total of 200 National Guardsmen were deployed to the two counties, while lesser numbers were ordered to the city of Cocoa.[6] Damage in the Lakeland area was compared to the aftermath of the Normandy invasion during World War II.[6]
References[edit]
1.^ Jump up to: a b "The New Smyrna Beach Tornado - 11/2/97". National Weather Service Melbourne, Florida office. Archived from the original on May 7, 2009. Retrieved 2008-05-28.
2.Jump up ^ Wilson, Jennifer et al. (1998). "Quick Response Report #110". Archived from the original on 27 June 2008. Retrieved 2008-05-28.
3.^ Jump up to: a b The Tornado History Project. "The Most "Important" US Tornadoes by State". Archived from the original on 14 May 2008. Retrieved 2008-05-28.
4.Jump up ^ Hagemeyer, Bartlett C. et al. "Thirty Years After Hurricane Agnes - The Forgotten Florida Tornado Disaster". American Meteorological Society. Archived from the original on October 16, 2008. Retrieved 2008-05-28.
5.^ Jump up to: a b c d e f g h i j k l Grazulis, Thomas P. (1993). Significant Tornadoes 1680-1991: A Chronology and Analysis of Events. Environmental Films.
6.^ Jump up to: a b c d e f "Tornado Toll: 9 Dead, Hundreds Hurt". The Morning Herald (Hagerstown, Maryland). The Associated Press. April 5, 1966.
7.Jump up ^ "A New Twist in Tornadoes". Time. 1966-04-15. Retrieved 2008-10-22.
8.Jump up ^ The New York Times (1988-04-20). "Tornado in Florida Leaves 4 Dead and 15 Injured". Retrieved 2008-05-28.
9.^ Jump up to: a b c d e "Florida's Top 10 Weather Events of the 20th Century". National Weather Service Tallahassee, Florida office. Archived from the original on 2008-04-22. Retrieved 2008-06-09.
10.Jump up ^ National Weather Service Tallahassee, Florida office. "Florida's Top 10 Weather Events of the 20th Century". Archived from the original on 2008-04-22. Retrieved 2008-06-09.
11.Jump up ^ Snyder, Joe (April 5, 1966). "Touring Herald Writer Tells Tales Of Tornado's Terror". The Morning Herald (Hagerstown, Maryland).
 


Categories: F4 tornadoes
Tornadoes of 1966
Tornadoes in Florida
1966 in Florida


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June 1966 tornado outbreak sequence
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 This article includes a list of references, but its sources remain unclear because it has insufficient inline citations. Please help to improve this article by introducing more precise citations. (April 2012)
June 1966 tornado outbreak sequence
1966 Topeka Tornado.jpg
A photograph of the F5 Topeka, Kansas tornado.

Date(s)
June 3–12
Duration
~11 days
Tornadoes caused
57
Maximum rated tornado
F5 (Fujita scale)
Damages
$250.603 million (1966 USD)
 $694.79 million (2008 USD)
Casualties
18
The June 1966 tornado outbreak sequence[nb 1][nb 2] was a series of tornado outbreaks which occurred between June 2 and June 12.
The most destructive tornado of this event occurred on the early evening of June 8, 1966, when Topeka, Kansas was struck by an F5 rated tornado. It started on the southwest side of town, moving northeast, passing through several subdivisions and over a local landmark named Burnett's Mound. 57 tornadoes were confirmed during the 11-day span, which left 18 people dead and 543 injured.


Contents  [hide]
1 Topeka, Kansas tornado
2 Casualties
3 Confirmed tornadoes 3.1 June 3 event
3.2 June 4 event
3.3 June 5 event
3.4 June 6 event
3.5 June 7 event
3.6 June 8 event
3.7 June 9 event
3.8 June 10 event
3.9 June 11 event
3.10 June 12 event
4 See also
5 References
6 Notes
7 External links

Topeka, Kansas tornado[edit]
According to a local Native American legend, Burnett's Mound (a local landmark that was named after Potawatomi Indian chief Abram Burnett, and also believed to be an ancient Native American burial ground) was thought to protect the city from tornadoes, suggesting that the 250 feet (76 m) hill would cause a tornado that was approaching Topeka to disintegrate. A few years earlier, a water tower had been built directly on the mound, which sparked controversy among many Topeka residents as they felt it would negatively affect the mound's ability to keep the city safe from tornadic activity. However, ten other tornadoes had struck the city since Kansas state tornado records were first kept in 1887. The 1966 tornado was significantly stronger than the other ten tornadoes that struck Topeka prior to June 8.[2]
The Topeka tornado began developing at 6:55 p.m. Central Time on June 8, touching down 8 miles (13 km) west of the city. The National Weather Service could not detect the developing tornado on radar as the Topeka forecast office used a modified military radar that was donated by the U.S. government following World War II. While it was considered state-of-the-art for its time, it had a limited ability to detect tornadic activity, compared to the Doppler weather radar of the present day. Around 7:30 p.m., a 1/4 to 1/2-mile (400–800 m) wide tornado tracked into the southwest side of town, moving northeast, and passed over Burnett's Mound. Bill Kurtis, then a reporter for WIBW-TV (channel 13; then a hybrid CBS/ABC/NBC affiliate, now only affiliated with CBS) wanted to get people the message to take shelter from the devastating storm, ultimately advising viewers to get to safety by urging in a calm but stern manner, "for God's sake, take cover!"



 Damage path of the 1966 Topeka Tornado.


 Damage in downtown Topeka.
After broadcasting a take-cover report on the air while driving down the winding road on Burnett's Mound with the tornado approaching his direction, Rick Douglass, a reporter for radio station WREN (1250 AM, now KYYS), attempted to take shelter under an overpass, while trying to do a second live report on the storm. Douglass was carried by the tornado, becoming airborne for a few seconds, and was dropped over one block away. Douglass, whose clothes were ripped from his body, was pushed by the strong winds along the ground until the tornado passed on to make a six-block swath across Topeka. Douglas was found with dirt and debris covering his body. When he arrived at an area hospital, a nurse placed a cover over Douglas's face – believing he had perished; in an interview with The History Channel's Wrath of God, Douglass stated that he then pulled off the cover, resulting in the attending nurse wincing in reaction; Douglass found shards of debris in his skin for several years after the tornado and was left with a smell he described in the interview as "a mix of blood, guts, wood and metal" for several weeks.



 Many homes were swept completely away in residential areas of Topeka.
The tornado first struck residential areas, cleanly sweeping away entire rows of homes and hurling vehicles hundreds of yards through the air. Grass was scoured from the ground as well, according to eyewitnesses.[3] Washburn University took a direct hit from the tornado, and many of the large stone buildings on campus were badly damaged or destroyed.[3] A 300-pound section of stone wall was torn from one building and thrown two miles away.[4] One vehicle on campus was reportedly lofted and thrown over the top of the university's ROTC building, before coming to rest on the 50-yard line of the football field.[5] The tornado went on to rip through the central part of the city, hitting the downtown area. Buses were crushed as the transportation barn was collapsed by the tornado and the trains on the Santa Fe Railway were overturned. Most of the downtown buildings were badly damaged or had their windows blown out. Cars were flipped and tossed, and streets were blocked with debris. Many workers at the AT&T building downtown took shelter after a co-worker notified people of the approaching tornado, which they could not hear through the soundproof operating room. The building was hit, but only light damage occurred. The Kansas State Capitol building also experienced minor damage.
Ironically as the storm raged on past the downtown area, meteorologists at the National Weather Service Topeka forecast office (located at Philip Billard Municipal Airport) had to take shelter as well, as the tornado tracked through the airport, flipping over several airplanes. At 7:29 p.m., 34 minutes after it touched down, the tornado dissipated after ripping through the airport; by this point, the tornado had traversed 22 miles (35 km) of the city, with a damage path width of 1/2 mile (800 m). The most intense damage occurred in residential areas on the east side of town, partly due to the close proximity of housing units. Homes and other buildings along the tornado's path were completely obliterated, and the National Weather Service Topeka forecast office years later rated this tornado as an F5 on the Fujita scale.
Then-mayor Chuck Wright later issued a decree that those caught looting would be shot on sight. The Kansas National Guard was called in to handle the situation. Streets in devastated areas of the city were filled with sightseers checking out the ruins of homes and businesses, hampering efforts from first responders to find those missing under rubble. Families of victims also came onto the scene to try to find those missing.
The total damage estimate was put at $250 million (US$ 727 million in 2014) making it one of the costliest tornadoes in U.S. history. Even to this day, with inflation factored in, the Topeka tornado stands as the seventh costliest tornado on record.[citation needed] 820 homes were destroyed and 3,000 others were damaged. 250 businesses were destroyed and 2,330 were damaged including a major shopping center. 330 of the damaged homes and businesses suffered major damage and the other 5,000 received lesser degrees of damage. Hundreds of apartments were destroyed. Many government buildings, public buildings, other structures and much other property were damaged or destroyed.
Overall, 16 people were killed, and many others were injured. However, it is believed that had the tornado hit during school and work hours or during the night, that as many as 5,000 people would have been killed. Bill Kurtis was credited for saving many lives with his urgent message to take cover.
Casualties[edit]
Outbreak death toll

State
Total
County
County
 total
Kansas 17 Leavenworth 1
Shawnee 16
Illinois 1 Cook 1
Totals 18 
All deaths were tornado-related

Confirmed tornadoes[edit]
5 Tornadoes were confirmed but were not given an F-Scale intensity.
Confirmed
Total Confirmed
F0 Confirmed
F1 Confirmed
F2 Confirmed
F3 Confirmed
F4 Confirmed
F5
57 12 17 18 2 2 1
June 3 event[edit]


[hide]List of reported tornadoes - Friday, June 3, 1966

F#

County

Coord.

Time (UTC)

Path length

Damage

South Dakota
F? Aurora 43.9°N 98.9°W 2300 0.1 miles (0.2 km) Brief touchdown, no damage reported. Tornado was confirmed but was not given a rating.
F0 Yankton 42.9°N 97.4°W 0200 0.1 miles (0.2 km) Brief touchdown, no damage reported.
Sources:
[3],[6]

June 4 event[edit]


[hide]List of reported tornadoes - Saturday, June 4, 1966

F#

County

Coord.

Time (UTC)

Path length

Damage

Colorado
F0 Logan 40.93°N 103.18°W 2300 0.1 miles (0.2 km) Brief touchdown, no damage reported.
Wisconsin
F2 Oconto 45.02°N 88.38°W 0100 5.4 miles (8.7 km) First of the F2 triplet tornadoes in Oconto County. Barns were destroyed.
F2 Oconto 44.95°N 88.33°W 0100 4.9 miles (7.9 km) Second of the F2 triplet tornadoes in Oconto County.
F2 Oconto 44.88°N 88.3°W 0100 4.7 miles (7.6 km) Last of the F2 triplet tornadoes in Oconto County.
Nebraska
F? Morrill 41.73°N 102.87°W 0148 0.1 miles (0.2 km) Brief touchdown, no damage reported.
South Dakota
F2 Gregory 43.23°N 99.43°W 330 1 mile (1.6 km) 1.5 mile wide tornado caused severe damage.
June 5 event[edit]


[hide]List of reported tornadoes - Sunday, June 5, 1966

F#

County

Coord.

Time (UTC)

Path length

Damage

Nebraska
F2 Boone 41.7°N 98.17°W 0608 0.7 miles (1.1 km) 1 Injury Brief touchdown injured one person.
F? Madison 41°N 97.6°W 0612 0.1 miles (0.2 km) Brief touchdown, no damage reported. Tornado was confirmed but was not given an F-Scale intensity.
Minnesota
F0 Pipestone 43.97°N 96.08°W 1200 0.1 miles (0.2 km) Brief touchdown caused minor damage.
Oklahoma
F0 Baine 35.85°N 98.47°W 2300 0.1 miles (0.2 km) Brief touchdown, no damage reported.
F2 Kay 36.83°N 97.4°W 2350 2.5 miles (4.0 km) 1 Injury A house was pushed 12 feet off of its foundation and another was badly damaged. Barns were destroyed as well.
F0 Garfield 36.48°N 97.88°W 0030 4.3 miles (6.9 km) No damage reported. First of four tornadoes to hit Garfield County in only 30 minutes.
F1 Grant 36.67°N 97.62°W 0030 1.4 miles (2.3 km) Quarter-mile-wide tornado caused damage to structures.
F2 Garfield 36.47°N 97.88°W 0035 0.1 miles (0.2 km) 6 Injuries Tornado struck Enid and caused $250,000 in damages. 3 trailers were destroyed and 3 others were damaged. 11 homes had their roofs torn off and 112 others were damaged. Boxcars were overturned and a truck garage was destroyed. Second of four tornadoes to hit Garfield County in only 30 minutes.
F0 Garfield 36.3°N 98.1°W 0055 3.8 miles (6.1 km) Third of four tornadoes to hit Garfield County in only 30 minutes.
F1 Garfield 36.37°N 97.9°W 0100 5.7 miles (9.2 km) Last of four tornadoes to hit Garfield County in only 30 minutes.
Missouri
F1 Gentry 40.23°N 94.28°W 0000 0.1 miles (0.2 km) Brief touchdown caused minor damage.
Iowa
F2 Linn 42.28°N 91.5°W 0430 0.1 miles (0.2 km) 
June 6 event[edit]


[hide]List of reported tornadoes - Monday, June 6, 1966

F#

County

Coord.

Time (UTC)

Path length

Damage

Kentucky
F2 McCracken, Madison 36.97°N 88.62°W 1800 18.5 miles (29.8 km) 2 Injuries Long track tornado injured 2 people.
Florida
F1 Pinellas 27.92°N 82.75°W 2030 0.3 miles (0.5 km) 1 Injury Brief touchdown.
June 7 event[edit]


[hide]List of reported tornadoes - Tuesday, June 7, 1966

F#

County

Coord.

Time (UTC)

Path length

Damage

Kansas
F? Wallace 38.85°N 101.7°W 2310 0.1 miles (0.2 km) Brief touchdown, no damage reported. Tornado was confirmed but was not given an F-Scale intensity.
F0 McPherson 38.2°N 97.52°W 2330 0.1 miles (0.2 km) Brief touchdown caused minor damage.
F? Ellis 38.78°N 99.48°W 0100 0.1 miles (0.2 km) Brief touchdown caused minor damage. Tornado was confirmed but was not given an F-Scale intensity.
Missouri
F0 Stoddard 37.1°N 89.92°W 2330 0.1 miles (0.2 km) Brief touchdown caused minor damage.
Oklahoma
F0 Ellis 37.1°N 89.92°W 0000 0.1 miles (0.2 km) Brief touchdown, no damage reported.
June 8 event[edit]


[hide]List of reported tornadoes - Wednesday, June 8, 1966

F#

County

Coord.

Time (UTC)

Path length

Damage

Florida
F0 Miami-Dade 25.75°N 80.25°W 1200 4.9 miles (7.9 km) No damage reported.
F1 Miami-Dade 25.6°N 80.3°W 1700 0.1 miles (0.2 km) Brief touchdown caused minor damage.
Kansas
F0 Rice 38.25°N 98.4°W 2118 0.1 miles (0.2 km) Brief touchdown, no damage reported.
F2 Clay 39.13°N 97.15°W 2337 8.9 miles (14.3 km) Caused damage to farms.
F3 Riley 39.07°N 96.77°W 0000 13.8 miles (22.2 km) At least 65 Injuries. Enormous 1.2 mile wide tornado, caused $5 million in damage in Manhattan. KSU campus sustained $1,850,000 in damage alone. 11 homes were destroyed and others were unroofed. An apartment building and 66 trailers were destroyed as well.[7]
F5 Shawnee 38.92°N 95.92°W 0100 21.1 miles (34.0 km) 16 Deaths 450 Injuries. See section on this tornado
F2 Leavenworth 39.23°N 95.03°W 0115 8.2 miles (13.2 km) Trailers were destroyed and a home was unroofed. First of two tornadoes to hit Leavenworth County.
F4 Leavenworth 39.17°N 95.18°W 0200 19.9 miles (32.0 km) 1 Death 2 Injuries. One home was leveled and a car was thrown and destroyed. Second of two tornadoes to hit Leavenworth County.
Oklahoma
F1 Caddo 35.48°N 98.4°W 2330 0.5 miles (0.8 km) Brief touchdown caused minor damage.
F0 Washita 35.3°N 98.8°W 0000 0.1 miles (0.2 km) Brief touchdown, no damage reported.
F0 Caddo 35.17°N 98.2°W 0120 0.1 miles (0.2 km) Brief touchdown, no damage reported.
June 9 event[edit]


[hide]List of reported tornadoes - Thursday, June 9, 1966

F#

County

Coord.

Time (UTC)

Path length

Damage

Illinois
F0 Cook 42.1°N 88.02°W 1110 0.1 miles (0.2 km) Brief touchdown, no damage reported.
F2 Cook 42.1°N 88.02°W 1115 0.1 miles (0.2 km) Brief touchdown.
F2 Cook 42.1°N 87.93°W 1120 2.5 miles (4.0 km) 1 Death 30 Injuries Tornado unroofed homes and apartment buildings in the area. A trailer was destroyed as well.
Florida
F1 Jackson 30.8°N 85.23°W 1200 0.1 miles (0.2 km) Brief touchdown caused minor damage.
F? Jackson 30.8°N 85.23°W 1605 0.1 miles (0.2 km) Brief touchdown, no damage reported. Tornado was confirmed but was not given an F-Scale intensity.
Michigan
F2 Barry 42.25°N 85.38°W 1400 2 miles (3.2 km) Tornado caused moderate damage in the area.
New York
F0 Erie 42.63°N 78.55°W 2200 1 mile (1.6 km) Brief touchdown caused minor damage.
June 10 event[edit]


[hide]List of reported tornadoes - Friday, June 10, 1966

F#

County

Coord.

Time (UTC)

Path length

Damage

Texas
F2 Swisher 34.35°N 101.73°W 0130 36.9 miles (59.4 km) Long track tornado.
F1 Swisher 34.35°N 101.73°W 0130 2 miles (3.2 km) Brief touchdown, no damage reported.
F0 Swisher 34.65°N 101.5°W 0130 2 miles (3.2 km) Brief touchdown, no damage reported.
June 11 event[edit]


[hide]List of reported tornadoes - Saturday, June 11, 1966

F#

County

Coord.

Time (UTC)

Path length

Damage

Minnesota
F1 Minnesota 47.18°N 95.92°W 2115 1.9 miles (3.1 km) Brief touchdown caused minor damage.
F4 Crow Wing, Cass 46.63°N 94.37°W 2300 72.8 miles (117.2 km) Very long track half-mile-wide tornado completely leveled several farms, and damaged at least 20 others. Two homes sustained near F5-damage with only clean slabs remaining. Thousands of trees were snapped and 3 people were injured.
Iowa
F2 Polk 41.57°N 93.55°W 2345 12.2 miles (19.6 km) 
F2 Mitchell 43.38°N 92.9°W 0100 1 mile (1.6 km) 
F1 Marshall 41.83°N 92.97°W 0145 0.1 miles (0.2 km) Brief touchdown caused minor damage.
F2 Boone 42.08°N 93.87°W 0230 2 miles (3.2 km) 
F1 Story 42.2°N 93.4°W 0300 2 miles (3.2 km) Brief touchdown caused minor damage.
June 12 event[edit]


[hide]List of reported tornadoes - Sunday, June 12, 1966

F#

County

Coord.

Time (UTC)

Path length

Damage

Kansas
F1 Douglas 39.05°N 95.45°W 2201 0.1 miles (0.2 km) Brief touchdown caused minor damage.
Missouri
F0 Clay 39.3°N 94.52°W 2245 0.1 miles (0.2 km) Brief touchdown, no damage reported.
F1 Monroe 39.52°N 92.17°W 2330 0.2 miles (0.3 km) Brief touchdown caused minor damage.
Texas
F3 Denton 33.3°N 97.0°W 0045 3.6 miles (5.8 km) 

See also[edit]
List of North American tornadoes and tornado outbreaks
List of tornadoes striking downtown areas
References[edit]
1.Jump up ^ Schneider, Russell S.; Harold E. Brooks; Joseph T. Schaefer. "Tornado Outbreak Day Sequences: Historic Events and Climatology (1875-2003)". Norman, Oklahoma: Storm Prediction Center. Retrieved 13 February 2013.
2.Jump up ^ [1][dead link]
3.^ Jump up to: a b "Stories of the 1966 Topeka Tornado". Washburn.edu. Washburn University. Retrieved December 23, 2013.
4.Jump up ^ by extremeplanet (2013-03-11). "Analysis of Violent Tornadoes that have Struck Downtown Areas |". Extremeplanet.me. Retrieved 2013-09-09.
5.Jump up ^ "Washburn university Devastation and Recovery". Washburn.edu. Washburn University. Retrieved December 23, 2013.
6.Jump up ^ [2][dead link]
7.Jump up ^ "City Officials set Damage at $5 Million". Topeka Capital-Journal. 1966-06-10. Retrieved 2008-08-13.
Notes[edit]
1.Jump up ^ An outbreak is generally defined as a group of at least six tornadoes (the number sometimes varies slightly according to local climatology) with no more than a six-hour gap between individual tornadoes. An outbreak sequence, prior to (after) modern records that began in 1950, is defined as, at most, two (one) consecutive days without at least one significant (F2 or stronger) tornado.[1]
2.Jump up ^ All damage totals are in 1966 United States dollars unless otherwise noted.
External links[edit]
Tornado Damage Patterns in Topeka, Kansas, June 8, 1966 (Monthly Weather Review, Vol. 95, No. 6) Comments on “Tornado Damage Patterns in Topeka, Kansas, June 8, 1966” (Monthly Weather Review, Vol. 96, No. 3)
Reply (Monthly Weather Review, Vol. 96, No. 3)
NWS Topeka page
Topeka Capital-Journal online
Access Menninger photographs and documents on Kansas Memory, the Kansas State Historical Society's digital portal
The Topeka Tornado of 1966: Never Before Published Damage Photos

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Categories: F5 tornadoes
Tornadoes of 1966
Tornadoes in Kansas
Shawnee County, Kansas
1966 in the United States









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1967 St. Louis tornado outbreak
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1967 St. Louis tornado outbreak

Date(s)
January 24, 1967
Duration
1 day
Tornadoes caused
32 confirmed
Maximum rated tornado
F4 (Fujita scale)
Damages
Unknown
Casualties
7
The 1967 St. Louis tornado outbreak was the rare winter outbreak that occurred on January 24, 1967. Thirty-two tornadoes broke out from Oklahoma to Wisconsin. Fourteen tornadoes struck Iowa, nine in Missouri, eight in Illinois, and one in Wisconsin.
This outbreak broke a major record. The lone F3 tornado reported in Wisconsin was the farthest north in the United States that a tornado had ever occurred in January at the time. This would later happen again on January 7, 2008 when several tornadoes hit southeastern Wisconsin with a similar system. This outbreak is also possibly the farthest north a tornado outbreak has occurred in the winter.
The tornadoes broke ahead of a deep storm system. Several temperature records were broken in the Midwest on this day. One of the most notable tornadoes struck St. Louis County, Missouri where three people were killed and 216 were injured. The tornado ranked at F4 on the Fujita scale.
Two more tornadoes were reported in Newton County and Jasper County in southwestern Missouri just after midnight on January 26.
The next day thunderstorms produced sleet, freezing rain, and snow in St. Louis. Three days later, on January 27, a blizzard crippled Chicago, dumping 23 inches (58 cm) of snow on the city.


Contents  [hide]
1 Tornado table
2 Confirmed tornadoes
3 See also
4 References
5 External links

Tornado table[edit]
Confirmed
Total Confirmed
F0 Confirmed
F1 Confirmed
F2 Confirmed
F3 Confirmed
F4 Confirmed
F5
32 3 4 17 6 2 0
Confirmed tornadoes[edit]

F#
Location
County
Time (UTC)
Path length
Damage
Missouri
F2 N of De Kalb Buchanan 1750 6.1 miles
 (9.8 km) A concrete barn was leveled, along with other barns and outbuildings. Homes lost their roofs, along with some walls.[1]
F2 NW of Lawson Clinton 1835 2.5 miles
 (4 km) 
F3 SW of Buckner to SW of Richmond Jackson, Ray 1840 14.5 miles
 (23.2 km) 2 deaths - 2 students were killed at a high school in Orrick when the roof collapsed. 2 homes were destroyed and another lost it's second story. Barns and outbuildings were leveled along the path.[1]
F0 W of Polo Caldwell 1850 2 miles
 (3.2 km) 
F0 E of Sturges Livingston 2000 0.1 mile
 (0.16 km) 
F1 SW of Pennville Sullivan 2020 7.3 miles
 (11.7 km) A barn and several outbuildings were destroyed.[1]
F4 SE of Queen City, MO to SE of Pulaski, IA Schuyler, MO, Scotland, Davis, IA 2045 25.7 miles
 (41.1 km) 5 farms were destroyed, 2 of which had every structure leveled. 20 other farms were damaged.[1]
F1 SW of Glendale Putnam 2045 2.5 miles
 (4 km) 
F4 NE of Chesterfield to NE of Spanish Lake St. Louis 0055 25 miles
 (40 km) 3 deaths - Tornado moved through the St. Louis suburbs striking Maryland Heights, St.Ann, Lambert Field, and Spanish Lake. 168 homes were destroyed and 1740 others were damaged. Some of the homes were leveled. A nursing home was also badly damaged.[1]
Iowa
F3 N of Selma Van Buren 2115 25 miles
 (40 km) Tornado badly damaged several homes, some of which lost roofs and walls. Barns and outbuildings were destroyed as well.[1]
F1 Washington area Washington 2145 1 mile
 (1.6 km) 
F0 N of Winfield Henry 2150 0.1 mile
 (0.16 km) 
F2 N of Fredonia Louisa 2200 3 miles
 (4.8 km) 
F3 SW of Wever Lee 2215 4.3 miles
 (6.9 km) 1 death - Two homes were destroyed, one of which only had one wall left standing.[1]
F2 NE of Wever Lee 2220 3 miles
 (4.8 km) Homes had their roofs torn off and barns were destroyed. Trailers were destroyed as well, injuring 4 people.
F2 NE of Cairo Louisa 2220 2 miles
 (3.2 km) 
F2 S of Wheatland Clinton 2245 2 miles
 (3.2 km) 
F2 N of Dixon Scott 2250 2 miles
 (3.2 km) A truck and a car were thrown from a road. Barns were destroyed and homes had their windows blown out.[1]
F2 N of Davenport Scott 2311 2 miles
 (3.2 km) 
F2 NW of Elvira Clinton 2315 1 mile
 (1.6 km) 
F2 S of Tenmile Clinton 2315 0.1 mile
 (0.16 km) A warehouse and several barns were destroyed. Homes nearby had their roofs torn off.[1]
F2 W of Muscatine Muscatine unknown unknown A house was unroofed and torn apart.[1]
Illinois
F2 E of Illinois City Rock Island unknown unknown Several homes were damaged at the south edge of town. One farm house had it's roof torn off.[1]
F2 N of Biggsville Henderson 2240 5.7 miles
 (9.1 km) Barns and outbuildings were destroyed. [1]
F3 Mount Carroll area Carroll 2330 7.4 miles
 (11.8 km) Struck the NW side of town where 3 homes were destroyed. Barns were destroyed and extensive roof damage occurred.[1]
F1 N of Sadora Mason 2330 4.5 miles
 (7.2 km) Moved parallel to the Snicarte tornado.[1]
F3 NE of Snicarte Mason 2330 5.1 miles
 (8.2 km) 1 death - Homes and outbuildings were destroyed. 3 people were injured and one person was thrown over 200 feet and killed.[1]
F2 SW of Eureka Tazewell, Woodford 0030 3.3 miles
 (5.3 km) 
F2 S of Virden Macoupin 0050 2.5 miles
 (4 km) 
F2 NW of Metamora Woodford 0050 2.5 miles
 (4 km) 
F2 Champaign-Urbana area Champaign 0240 10.4 miles
 (16.6 km) A trailer was destroyed and scattered, two others were overturned, and two more were damaged. One house had its roof torn off.[1]
Wisconsin
F3 S of Brodhead to NE of Janesville Green, Rock 0010 24.9 miles
 (39.8 km) Barns were destroyed and a country club lost its roof and two walls.[1]
Source: Tornado History Project - January 24, 1967 Storm Data
See also[edit]
List of tornadoes and tornado outbreaks List of North American tornadoes and tornado outbreaks
List of tornado-related deaths at schools
January 2008 tornado outbreak sequence - Similar rare tornado outbreak in January in the Midwest
References[edit]


 This article includes a list of references, related reading or external links, but its sources remain unclear because it lacks inline citations. Please improve this article by introducing more precise citations. (April 2009)
1.^ Jump up to: a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q Grazulis, Thomas P (July 1993). Significant Tornadoes 1680-1991. St. Johnsbury, VT: The Tornado Project of Environmental Films. ISBN 1-879362-03-1.
External links[edit]
January 24th 1967 F4 Tornado St. Louis County (NWS St. Louis)
Youtube vido showing damage.
 


Categories: F4 tornadoes
Tornadoes of 1967
Tornadoes in Illinois
Tornadoes in Iowa
Tornadoes in Missouri
Tornadoes in Wisconsin
Tornadoes in Oklahoma
1967 in the United States
History of St. Louis County, Missouri





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1967 Oak Lawn tornado outbreak
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The 1967 Oak Lawn tornado outbreak was a destructive tornado outbreak and severe weather event that occurred on April 21, 1967, across the Upper Midwestern United States, in particular the Chicago area including the towns of Belvidere and Oak Lawn, Illinois. It was the most notable tornado outbreak of 1967 and one of the most notable to occur in the Chicago area. The outbreak produced numerous significant (F2+) tornadoes, among them eight alone in the U.S. state of Illinois, including one of just six[1] documented violent (F4–F5) tornadoes in the Chicago metropolitan area since the area was first settled.[2] The F4 tornado that struck Belvidere caused one of the highest tornado-related death tolls in a single school building and was featured in an episode of The Weather Channel's Storm Stories.



Contents  [hide]
1 Meteorological synopsis
2 Tornado table
3 Confirmed tornadoes
4 Notable tornadoes 4.1 Belvidere, Illinois
4.2 Lake Zurich, Illinois
4.3 Oak Lawn–Evergreen Park–Chicago South Side, Illinois
5 Recovery
6 See also
7 References
8 External links

Meteorological synopsis[edit]
Outbreak death toll

State
Total
County
County
 total
Illinois 58 Boone 24
Cook 33
Lake 1
Totals 58 
All deaths were tornado-related
April 21, 1967, was a warm Friday afternoon in northern Illinois. Following a foggy morning with temperatures in the middle 50s°F, temperatures rose rapidly in the afternoon as low geopotential heights approached from the southwest.[3] A warm front—part of a very deep shortwave trough—passed through Illinois all day and by afternoon moved north of the state. As a low pressure area within an extratropical cyclone approached the area, temperatures rose into the low to mid 70s°F with dew points rising into the 60s°F, an upper-level jet reaching 120-knot (220 km/h), and increasing low-level vertical shear. Meanwhile, a persistent mesolow feature near Joliet, Illinois,[3] helped to maintain backed low-level winds from the south.[4] As conditions became more favorable for tornadoes and supercells began developing in the Chicago area, the regional U.S. Weather Bureau office issued a tornado watch at 1:50 p.m. CDT covering the northern half of Illinois plus southern Wisconsin, eastern Iowa, and western Indiana.[3] By 3 p.m. CDT/2100 UTC, more than 12 tornadoes had already been spawned from the storm system.[4]

Tornado table[edit]
Confirmed
Total Confirmed
F0 Confirmed
F1 Confirmed
F2 Confirmed
F3 Confirmed
F4 Confirmed
F5
45 5 15 17 3 5 0

Confirmed tornadoes[edit]

F#
Location
County
Time (UTC)
Path length
Damage
Missouri
F0 NE of Azen Scotland 1400 1 miles (1.6 km) Tornado was observed on the ground but apparently caused no damage.[5]
F1 NE of Gower Clinton 1830 0.2 miles (0.32 km) Dust-laden tornado was seen but caused no damage.[5]
F1 Cameron area Clinton 1900 0.1 miles (0.16 km) Tornado caused some damage in south Cameron. Condensation funnel was reportedly absent.[5]
F2 E of Pattonsburg Daviess 1900 8.4 miles (13.4 km) Tornado completely leveled all buildings except the house at one farm site and destroyed one wall of the house.[2] Tornado may have formed from the same thunderstorm that struck Cameron, but the time does not suggest this.[5]
F0 NE of Gallatin Daviess 1915 0.1 miles (0.16 km) Brief touchdown failed to produce evidence of damage.[5]
F3 N of Mandeville Ray, Carroll 1920 14.6 miles (23.4 km) Tornado extensively damaged or leveled homes, barns, and other outbuildings. It also injured livestock.[2][5]
F2 S of Humphreys Grundy, Sullivan 2000 6.3 miles (10.1 km) Tornado destroyed eight homes, severely damaged seven others, and shattered glass windows[5] as it hit Humphreys.[2] Two children and a woman were injured in their trailer, as were four men sheltering inside a barn.[5] Tornado was F3 according to an unofficial publication.[2]
F2 NE of Cunningham Chariton 2010 3 miles (4.8 km) Neither Grazulis (1991) nor Storm Data lists this tornado, suggesting that it was either weaker than F2 in intensity or never existed.[2][5]
F4 NE of Sumner to W of Newark Linn, Macon, Knox 2020 59 miles (94.4 km) Four homes and several barns were completely leveled while two people received minor injuries.[2] Three or more funnels and erratic shifts in the damage path were reported to have occurred,[5] suggesting that the long-tracked tornado was in fact a tornado family.[2]
F2 W of Marshall to SE of Slater Saline 2020 20.4 miles (32.6 km) This tornado may have actually included two or more touchdowns, implying that the single event was two or more tornadoes. It caused minor damage to a porch and to farm buildings along its skipping path.[5] One source indicates that this was probably less than F2 in intensity.[2]
F0 W of Corder Lafayette 2103 0.1 miles (0.16 km) Tornado did not cause any noticeable damage.[5]
F1 NE of Adrian Bates 2110 0.1 miles (0.16 km) Tornado produced minor damage to buildings and farm equipment.[5]
Indiana
F1 Rushville area Rush 1833 0.1 miles (0.16 km) 
F2 NE of Commiskey Jennings, Jefferson 2310 6.3 miles (10.1 km) Tornado unroofed and destroyed two homes, injuring two people, and then leveled a trailer and farm buildings.[2]
F0 NE of Monticello White 0227 0.1 miles (0.16 km) Tornado produced very minimal damage.[5]
Iowa
F3 E of Fairfield Jefferson 2000 0.1 miles (0.16 km) Tornado never hit any structures and only briefly made contact with the ground.[5]
F2 E of Birmingham to NE of Mount Union Van Buren, Hancock 2100 32.8 miles (52.5 km) Tornado damaged 12 or more farms with only minimal F2 intensity at most.[2] The damage path was very discontinuous, with only isolated patches of "extensive damage."[5]
Illinois
F1 SW of Spring Hill Whiteside 2130 0.3 miles (0.5 km) 
F2 E of Coal Valley to S of Hooppole Henry 2135 25.1 miles (40.2 km) Numerous funnel clouds occurred with multiple reports of tornadoes. First tornado touched down north of Orion with isolated touchdowns to beyond Hooppole, with significant non-tornado-related wind damage.[5] Tornado killed livestock,[5] destroyed farm buildings, and uprooted trees.[2]
F2 N of Hooppole Henry 2150 4.5 miles (7.2 km) Second Hooppole tornado leveled farm buildings and blew down large trees in rural areas.[5]
F4 SW of Belvidere to N of Woodstock Boone, McHenry 2150 25.5 miles (40.8 km) 25 deaths — See section on this tornado
F1 S of Daysville Ogle 2200 1 miles (1.6 km) Tornado caused damage to many homes and downed trees while moving north, unlike other tornadoes this day which moved east-northeast.[5]
F2 W of Maytown Lee 2202 5.6 miles (9 km) Tornado severely damaged trees[5] and farms and flipped a truck on Illinois State Highway 76 (now an Illinois route).[2]
F1 SE of Amboy Lee 2215 5.6 miles (9 km) Tornado destroyed barns[2] and blew down trees. Two distinct damage paths and funnel clouds observed, suggesting that a family of two tornadoes was involved.[5]
F1 W of Kasbeer Bureau 2230 0.5 miles (0.8 km) Tornado destroyed buildings on farms and scattered debris about. Almost went undetected but was observed by mushroom-gatherers.[5]
F2 SE of Hennepin Putnam 2230 0.3 miles (0.5 km) Tornado injured a man as it flipped two trailers and caused minimal tree damage.[5] Not listed as F2 or greater by Grazulis (1993).
F1 SE of DeKalb DeKalb 2240 2 miles (3.2 km) Two tornadoes touched down 2 miles (3.2 km) apart from each other but are listed as one tornado. One tornado damaged structures and broke glass and trees at Northern Illinois University while uplifting a roof 1 mile (1.6 km) to the south with $50,000 (1967 USD) roof damage. Second tornado damaged farms simultaneously about 8 miles (13 km) to the south, but with discontinuous damage.[5] Probably a tornado family.
F4 NW of Middlebury to Lake Zurich to W of Hawthorn Woods McHenry, Lake 2300 8.8 miles (14.1 km) 1 death — See section on this tornado
F2 La Fox area Kane 2310 0.3 miles (0.5 km) Tornado destroyed one barn[2] and caused roof and wall damage to Elgin State Hospital.[5] Also badly damaged a factory. The state hospital sustained $100,000 in damages.
F1 NW of Bloomingdale DuPage 2310 0.5 miles (0.8 km) Tornado briefly hit Keeneyville with little damage.[5]
F1 Addison to Schiller Park DuPage, Cook 2310 6.8 miles (10.9 km) Tornado skipped through several communities, including Franklin Park, with minimal damage.[5]
F4 Palos Hills/Oak Lawn to Chicago South Side (entered Lake Michigan at 79th Street beach[4]) Cook 2324 15 miles (24 km) 33 deaths — See section on this tornado
F1 Lincoln Park area[5] Cook 2340 0.3 miles (0.5 km) Tornado damaged an amusement park before moving over Lake Michigan.[4]
F1 Champaign area Champaign 0250 0.1 miles (0.16 km) Brief touchdown on a farm.[5]
F2 Geneva area Kane, Cook unknown unknown Tornado struck 3 homes on the north side of Batavia before damaging 25 homes in Geneva. Some of the homes lost roofs and walls. 20 homes were also damaged in Streamwood.[6]
Michigan
F2 Casco to Dunningville area[5] Allegan 2355 18.6 miles (29.8 km) Trailer and warehouse destroyed with many homes damaged. Minor injuries reported.[5] Not rated F2 or greater by Grazulis.[2]
F3 SW of Grandville to E of Ada[5] Kent 2358 13.6 miles (21.8 km) Struck the south side of Grand Rapids. 65 buildings were destroyed, and 60 others were badly damaged. 375 buildings sustained minor damage. A church and a K-Mart store were completely destroyed.[2]
F2 NE of Middleville to NW of Lake Odessa Barry 0000 14.5 miles (23.2 km) A house had its roof and kitchen ripped off.[2]
F2 Derby area Berrien 0025 1 miles (1.6 km) School under construction leveled, pieces carried 1⁄2 mile (0.80 km) away. Several barns and outbuildings leveled as well.[5] Not rated F2 or greater by Grazulis.[2]
F0 S of Holton Muskegon 0110 0.1 miles (0.16 km) Brief touchdown in a rural area with other funnels also witnessed to have touched down.[5]
F2 Portland area Ionia 0115 0.1 miles (0.16 km) Homes lost their roofs in Portland. Four barns were destroyed and 40 cattle were killed.[2]
F4 NE of Westphalia Clinton 0115 12 miles (19.2 km) Three homes were destroyed and 18 others were damaged. Tornado destroyed buildings on 10 farms. 34 sheep were killed in 2 barns. Tornado may have been F3 rather than F4 at peak intensity.[2]
F2 N of Cascade Kent 0130 0.3 miles (0.5 km) Destroyed rural outbuildings along its path.[5] May have been weaker than F2 in intensity.[2]
F1 N of Sunfield Eaton 0148 0.1 miles (0.16 km) Destroyed some farm buildings.[5]
F2 Potterville to Lansing Eaton, Ingham 0210 10.9 miles (17.4 km) A barn was destroyed and the side of a house was torn off.[2]
Sources:
Tornado History Project Storm Data - April 21, 1967


Notable tornadoes[edit]
Belvidere, Illinois[edit]
At 3:50 P.M., a violent multiple vortex tornado,[3] posthumously rated F4, moved through Belvidere, Illinois, damaging the high school and overturning buses.[2] 24 people were killed and another 410 injured with 127 homes destroyed and 379 damaged.[3] 13 of the 24 people killed in Belvidere were killed at Belvidere High School,[4] making this tornado the sixth deadliest ever to hit a school.[2] Seven people were also killed at a shopping center. The Belvidere tornado was especially devastating because it hit the school just as students were getting on the buses to go home.[3] Just before 4 p.m. CST, the tornado reached the school. 12 buses, already filled with elementary- and middle-school students, were tossed about. Several of the students were tossed into adjacent fields and killed.[3] A bus driver was killed as well. Shortly after the passing of the tornado, faculty and some of the stronger students used the fireproof doors of the high school as stretchers to carry the injured into the cafeteria, the severely injured into the library, and the dead into the gymnasium. 300 new cars and 100 employee cars were destroyed at the Chrysler Plant in town. A school bus driving south of Harvard was thrown into power lines and torn in half. The driver and students survived by sheltering in a ditch.

Lake Zurich, Illinois[edit]
The second violent tornado of the day in Illinois may have developed as far southwest as Elgin, but was first observed at about 5:00 p.m. CDT near Fox River Grove,[4][5] though its path is officially believed to have begun near Middlebury. It then produced a discontinuous[5] damage path through Fox River Grove, North Barrington, and Lake Zurich.[4] The most intense damage, posthumously rated F4, occurred at Lake Zurich Manor, about 1.5 miles (2.4 km) northwest of downtown Lake Zurich; there, roughly 75 homes were leveled and 200 severely damaged.[4] The Acorn Acres subdivision, northeast of and adjourning Lake Zurich Manor, reported scattered damage and debris with about 12 homes severely damaged.[4] According to official plots from Storm Data, the tornado lifted after hitting Acorn Acres, though non-tornadic damages to trees and buildings occurred as far as the intersection of Illinois Route 63 and Gilmer Road. There, severe winds, possibly downbursts, destroyed four homes, one brewery, and a plastic-manufacturing site, though at least one source indicates that the tornado was likely still present at that place.[4] In all, the tornado damaged 400[5]–500[2] homes and destroyed about 100.[5] An air-conditioning unit weighing 1,000 lb (16,000 oz) was thrown .5 mi (0.80 km). Cars were picked up and tossed as well.[2]

Oak Lawn–Evergreen Park–Chicago South Side, Illinois[edit]



 Aerial view of tornado damage in Oak Lawn
The third and final F4 tornado to affect Illinois this day was also the deadliest tornado of the entire outbreak. An intense supercell with a hook echo on weather radar first appeared about 18 miles (29 km) west-northwest of Joliet at 4:45 p.m. CDT. Later, at 5:15 p.m., an employee of the U.S. Weather Bureau observed a rotating wall cloud about 10 miles (16 km) north of Joliet. Minutes later, severe thunderstorm winds blew out windows in a building, though no tornado or funnel cloud had yet occurred.[7] Near the Little Red Schoolhouse, in what is now the Forest Preserve District of Cook County, an observer first noted a funnel cloud to the south, moving east with hail up to .75 inches (19 mm) in diameter—but he was unable to report to the Weather Bureau as his telephone failed to give a dial tone.[7] At 5:24 p.m. CDT, a tornado touched down at the present-day campus of Moraine Valley Community College[4] and moved east-northeast, mainly at 70° heading.[5] As it touched down, the tornado bent power poles and blew down small trees and vegetation, tossing dirt as it went. It then grew in size to 450 feet (150 yd) wide and entered Palos Hills, destroying about five buildings—including two frame homes and a brick home—and snapping trees.[7] Subsequently, the intensifying funnel severely damaged homes and a drive-in theater[4] in a half-block-wide area of the Chicago Ridge.[7]
Over the next six minutes, the tornado attained its maximum intensity as it tore a 16.2-mile (26.1 km) (60-mile-per-hour (97 km/h) ground speed) swath of damage through Oak Lawn, Hometown, and Evergreen Park.[4] As it passed through the business district of Oak Lawn, the tornado leveled many homes that were built entirely of brick.[7] In Oak Lawn, the tornado threw 25–40 vehicles from the intersection of Southwest Highway and W. 95th St. (US-12/20),[4] killing 16 people who were stuck in traffic during the rush hour.[3] Partly for that reason, this tornado ended up being the deadliest in the outbreak.[7] As it moved beyond Oak Lawn, the tornado weakened and widened as it caused lighter damage to vegetation, roofs, and garages. It finally moved offshore as a waterspout at Rainbow Beach, producing a wind gust up to 100 miles per hour (160 km/h) at a water filtration plant on the lakefront shore.[7] In all, the tornado killed 33 people, including several children at a roller skating rink,[8] and injured 1,000. It destroyed 152 homes and damaged 900, causing $50 million in damage. The destroyed buildings included a high school, grocery store, tavern, market, motel, drive-in theater, restaurant, numerous apartments, and two gas stations. Additionally, the tornado caused numerous fires in Oak Lawn which were quickly extinguished.[8]

Recovery[edit]
Two days later on Sunday, April 23, 1967, three inches (76 mm) of snow fell on Belvidere, which only exacerbated the cleanup from Friday's tornadoes. In fact, many cities and towns in the Midwest broke record overnight lows on April 24 and 25. A state of emergency was declared for Boone County, and the reserves came to assist in the cleanup effort. Senator Charles Percy and Illinois Governor Otto Kerner visited to speak with victims and thank the recovery volunteers.

See also[edit]
List of North American tornadoes and tornado outbreaks
List of tornado-related deaths at schools
Plainfield Tornado
References[edit]
1.Jump up ^ Tornado History Project. "Tornado Map". Retrieved 2013-02-02.
2.^ Jump up to: a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa Grazulis. p. 1088.
3.^ Jump up to: a b c d e f g h Marshall, Tim (January–February 1997). "The Oak Lawn, Illinois, Tornado: 30 years later". Stormtrack Magazine 20 (120).
4.^ Jump up to: a b c d e f g h i j k l m n Allsopp, Jim (2007). "40th Anniversary of Northern Illinois’ Worst Tornado Disaster". Joliet, Illinois: National Weather Service forecast office. Archived from the original on 2012-03-24. Retrieved 21 January 2013.
5.^ Jump up to: a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa ab ac ad ae af ag ah ai aj ak al am an ao ap "Storm Data and Unusual Weather Phenomena". Storm Data (Asheville, North Carolina: United States Department of Commerce) 9 (4): 24–39. April 1967.
6.Jump up ^ Grazulis, Thomas P (July 1993). Significant Tornadoes 1680-1991. St. Johnsbury, VT: The Tornado Project of Environmental Films. ISBN 1-879362-03-1.
7.^ Jump up to: a b c d e f g Feris, Charles; James Vermoch, Henry Yario (1967). "The Oak Lawn Tornado: April 21, 1967". U.S. Weather Bureau forecast office. p. 10. Archived from the original on 2012-09-13. Retrieved 21 January 2013.
8.^ Jump up to: a b "Twisters Kill 49 and Injure 1,500 in Northern Illinois". New York Times. The Associated Press. April 22, 1967. pp. 1, 16.
External links[edit]
The 1967 Oak Lawn Tornado (Oak Lawn Public Library)
ComPortOne article on the Belvidere Tornado
Chicago area remembers 30th anniversary of tornado outbreak (USA Today)
The Oak Lawn, Illinois Tornado (Storm Track)
Map of April 21, 1967 tornadoes
RRStar.com's tribute
40th Anniversary of Northern Illinois’ Worst Tornado Disaster (NWS Chicago)
Federal Disaster Declaration (Federal Emergency Management Agency)
Personal Memories Of The Oak Lawn Tornado
 


Categories: F4 tornadoes
Tornadoes of 1967
Tornadoes in Illinois
Belvidere, Illinois
Boone County, Illinois
Cook County, Illinois
McHenry County, Illinois
1967 in Illinois
Oak Lawn, Illinois


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1967 Southern Minnesota tornado outbreak
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Jump to: navigation, search

1967 Southern Minnesota tornado outbreak
Waseca5.jpg
A home leveled to its foundation in Waseca, Minnesota

Date(s)
April 30, 1967
Duration
2 hours, 5 minutes
Tornadoes caused
21
Maximum rated tornado
F4 (Fujita scale)
Damages
$9 million dollars
Casualties
13 (80 injured)
The 1967 Southern Minnesota tornado outbreak was a tornado outbreak that affected portions of south central and southeast Minnesota on Sunday, April 30, 1967. The outbreak spawned a total of nine tornadoes resulting in thirteen deaths and eighty injuries. Local area residents refer to the day as "Black Sunday".


Contents  [hide]
1 Meteorological synopsis
2 Tornado table
3 See also
4 References

Meteorological synopsis[edit]
By mid-afternoon on April 30, a surface low pressure area was centered in Pierre, South Dakota. Several fronts stretched from the low pressure area with a stationary front located from north of Sioux Falls, South Dakota to near LaCrosse, Wisconsin. A warm front extended from south of Sioux Falls to near Des Moines, Iowa and St. Louis, Missouri. Between the two fronts, air temperatures had warmed into the 60s and low 70s and dew points in the 60s. Winds were quite strong in the area, with speeds from 15 to 25 mph from the east-southeast. By early evening, the warm front had moved to near the Minnesota-Iowa border. By 6:00 pm CDT, tornadoes began to develop along and just north of the warm front as it moved northward through northern Iowa and into southern Minnesota.
The towns of Albert Lea and Waseca were hardest hit.
Tornado table[edit]
Confirmed
Total Confirmed
F0 Confirmed
F1 Confirmed
F2 Confirmed
F3 Confirmed
F4 Confirmed
F5
21 0 4 10 3 4 0

F#
Location
County
Time (UTC)
Path length
Damage
South Dakota
F1 NW of De Smet Kingsbury 2115 0.1 miles
 (0.16 km) 
Iowa
F2 W of Eagle Grove Webster 2150 6.8 miles
 (10.9 km) 
F2 E of Estherville Emmet 2200 8.2 miles
 (13.1 km) 
F2 Emmetsburg to W of Ringsted Palo Alto, Emmet 2210 14 miles
 (22.4 km) Struck the community of Halfa, tearing the roofs off of several homes. Barns were destroyed as well.[1]
F2 Crystal Lake Hancock, Winnebago 2230 4.3 miles
 (6.9 km) Buildings were damaged or destroyed on 8 farms. 3 farms lost every building besides the house.[1]
F2 NE of Gruver Emmet 2233 1 miles
 (1.6 km) One barn was destroyed and several others were damaged.[1]
F3 Clear Lake area Cerro Gordo 2305 7.7 miles
 (12.3 km) One house was torn apart. Farm machinery and barns were destroyed as well.[1]
F2 Fort Madison area Lee 2320 2.3 miles
 (3.7 km) 
F4 NE of Manly to NE of Carpenter Worth 2328 13.3 miles
 (21.3 km) 
F3 S of Kensett, IA to N of London, MN Worth, IA, Freeborn, MN 2330 17.2 miles
 (27.5 km) About a half dozen farms were extensively damaged, with at least two farm homes destroyed.
F4 E of Northwood, IA to E of Myrtle, MN Worth, IA Freeborn, MN 0020 7.6 miles
 (12.2 km) This tornado destroyed about 10 farms, leveling at least three of them in near-F5 fashion. Ten other farms, mostly in Iowa, were extensively damaged.
F1 NW of Littleton Buchanan 0100 0.1 miles
 (0.16 km) 
F1 NW of Montezuma Poweshiek 0100 0.1 miles
 (0.16 km) 
F2 SE of Epworth Dubuque 0300 2 miles
 (3.2 km) 
Minnesota
F2 E of Waseca Waseca 0000 9.2 miles
 (14.7 km) Destroyed barns were noted west of Lemond and Meriden.
F3 NW of Alden Freeborn and Waseca 0005 14 miles
 (22.4 km) 2 deaths - Farm damage was near-F4 in the first part of the path. Homes and barns were destroyed.
F1 E of Ellendale Steele 0005 0.2 miles
 (0.32 km) 
F4 N of Twin Lakes to Owatonna Freeborn and Steele 0023 38.7 miles
 (61.9 km) 5 deaths - Farms were leveled at a half dozen locations along the path. There was $2,000,000 damage in Albert Lea, where 26 homes were destroyed and 64 were badly damaged.
F4 W of Hartland to NE of Waseca Freeborn and Waseca 0052 20.1 miles
 (32.2 km) 6 deaths - This tornado followed Hwy-67 into Waseca, destroying or damaging farm buildings on both sides of the road. It cut a four-block-wide swath in town, destroying 16 homes, six of which were leveled, and 25 more were heavily damaged.
F2 SE of Austin Mower 0115 3.8 miles
 (6.1 km) At least two barns and one home were unroofed and torn apart.
F2 E of Marion Olmsted 0210 6.8 miles
 (10.9 km) A trailer and a barn were destroyed.
Source: Tornado History Project - April 30, 1967 Storm Data
See also[edit]
Climate of Minnesota
List of North American tornadoes and tornado outbreaks
References[edit]


 This article includes a list of references, related reading or external links, but its sources remain unclear because it lacks inline citations. Please improve this article by introducing more precise citations. (April 2009)
1.^ Jump up to: a b c d Grazulis, Thomas P (July 1993). Significant Tornadoes 1680-1991. St. Johnsbury, VT: The Tornado Project of Environmental Films. ISBN 1-879362-03-1.
"Introduction to Black Sunday". National Weather Service-Chanhassen, Minnesota. Retrieved 2007-03-23.
 


Categories: F4 tornadoes
Tornadoes of 1967
Tornadoes in Minnesota
1967 in Minnesota





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Hurricane Beulah
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Hurricane Beulah
Category 5 major hurricane (SSHWS/NWS)
BeulahSep1919671919z.JPG
Hurricane Beulah in the Gulf of Mexico as a Category 5.

Formed
September 5, 1967
Dissipated
September 22, 1967


Highest winds
1-minute sustained: 160 mph (260 km/h)

Lowest pressure
≤ 923 mbar (hPa); 27.26 inHg


Fatalities
688 direct
Damage
$1 billion (1967 USD)
Areas affected
Greater Antilles, Yucatán Peninsula, Northeast Mexico, South Texas

Part of the 1967 Atlantic hurricane season
Hurricane Beulah was the second tropical storm, second hurricane, and only major hurricane during the 1967 Atlantic hurricane season. It tracked through the Caribbean, struck the Yucatán peninsula of Mexico as a major hurricane, and moved west-northwest into the Gulf of Mexico, briefly gaining Category 5 intensity. It was the strongest hurricane during the 1967 Atlantic hurricane season. The hurricane made landfall in northeastern Mexico with winds near 160 mph (257 km/h). The cyclone then weakened before moving into Texas as a major hurricane. It spawned 115 tornadoes across Texas, which established a new record for the highest amount of tornadoes produced by a tropical cyclone. Due to its slow movement over Texas, Beulah led to significant flooding. At the time, Beulah ranked as the second-costliest hurricane on record, having left roughly $1 billion (1967 USD) in damage. Only Hurricane Betsy two years prior had caused such considerable losses.[1] Throughout its path, at least 688 people were killed.


Contents  [hide]
1 Meteorological history
2 Preparations
3 Impact 3.1 Caribbean
3.2 Mexico
3.3 United States
4 Aftermath
5 See also
6 References
7 External links

Meteorological history[edit]



 Map plotting the track and intensity of the storm according to the Saffir–Simpson hurricane wind scale
A convective area in the Intertropical Convergence Zone (ITCZ) developed into a tropical depression on September 5 east of the Lesser Antilles. It moved slowly through the islands, and on September 7 it became Tropical Storm Beulah. The next day Beulah reached hurricane strength while continuing slowly west-northwestward. It began to rapidly intensify, reaching an initial peak of 150 miles per hour (240 km/h) winds while south of the Mona Passage. It passed south of Hispaniola. Land interaction and upper level shear greatly weakened the hurricane to a 60 mph (97 km/h) tropical storm.
Once over the western Caribbean, favorable conditions again returned, letting Beulah strengthen to a 115 miles per hour (185 km/h) major hurricane. On September 16, Beulah weakened and made landfall near Cozumel, Mexico, as a 100 miles per hour (160 km/h) hurricane. It weakened slightly over land, but once over the Gulf of Mexico, conditions were very favorable. It rapidly intensified, reaching its peak as a Category 5 storm with 160 miles per hour (260 km/h) winds. In terms of size, Beulah became the third largest hurricane on record, at the time.[2]



 This picture cloud structure within the eye of Hurricane Beulah was taken by a United States Air Force RB-57F aircraft at an altitude above 60,000 feet while 150 miles offshore Tampico, Mexico at 2200 UTC on September 19, 1967
Subsequently, Hurricane Beulah made landfall south of the mouth of the Rio Grande as a Category 5 storm.[3] However, the hurricane weakened over land and produced Category 3 conditions in Texas.[4] Beulah drifted over Texas, moving southwestward into Mexico where it dissipated on September 22.
Preparations[edit]
Beginning on the afternoon of September 17, people were advised to remain off the beaches of Padre, Mustang, and St. Joseph Islands. Immediate evacuation of Port Aransas and Mustang, Padre, and St. Joseph Islands was advised on the morning of September 19. Most residents and others on the islands evacuated, including the personnel of Padre Island National Seashore. About 40 persons remained on the islands, including about 20 at Port Aransas. Immediate evacuation of Rockport and Live Oak and Lamar Peninsulas was advised in the evening of September 19. These areas and the towns of Ingleside and Aransas Pass were nearly completely evacuated. About 50 persons remained in Rockport. The evacuation of the University of Corpus Christi was advised on the morning of September 20, and Corpus Christi Beach and parts of Flour Bluff were also evacuated. During the storm there were 30,000 people in shelters in Nueces and San Patricio Counties, including 6,000 in Corpus Christi.[5]
Impact[edit]
Caribbean[edit]



 Beulah Rainfall
The periphery of the hurricane brought rainfall primarily to southwestern Puerto Rico, where a maximum of 9.76 inches (248 mm) fell at Maricao.[6] Only one death occurred in Hispaniola, due to proper evacuations, as opposed to Hurricane Inez a year earlier that caused 1,000 deaths.
Across the French island of Martinique, the then tropical storm wrought severe damage and killed at least 13 people. Many homes were destroyed and the island's banana crop was lost due to 3 ft (0.91 m) flood waters.[7]
Mexico[edit]
Striking Cozumel Island and the Yucatan Peninsula on September 17 as Category 2 hurricane, Beulah caused considerable damage and killed 11 people across the region. Wind gusts up to 125 mph (205 km/h) severed communication lines, downed power lines and felled trees.[1] In Mérida, Yucatán, winds were recorded up to 75 mph (120 km/h). Under the force of the powerful winds, several structures collapsed across the Peninsula, resulting in six fatalities.[8] Nearly every buildings on Cozumel Island sustained damage, roughly half of which lost their roofs.[9] Four people were also killed in Playa del Carmen. Along the coast, Beulah's storm surge flooded areas within 600 yd (550 m) of the coastline, washing out roads and leaving "graveyards of boats."[8] Throughout the Yucatan Peninsula, an estimated 5,000 people were left homeless and at least 30,000 were affected by the storm.[10]
Throughout Mexico, Beulah killed 630 people.[11]
United States[edit]
In Texas upon landfall, an 18 feet (5.5 m) to 20 feet (6.1 m) storm surge inundated lower Padre Island. The force of the storm tide made 31 cuts completely through the barrier island.[2] Padre Island suffered significant devastation, and the island's sensitive ecosystem was altered by the storm. The highest sustained wind was reported as 136 miles per hour (219 km/h), recorded in the town of South Padre Island, across the Laguna Madre from Port Isabel. Winds as high as 109 miles per hour (175 km/h) were measured at the Brownsville National Weather Service office at landfall. Since the hurricane bent the anemometer 30 degrees from the vertical, it is possible the winds at Brownsville were underestimated.[12] Gusts of over 100 miles per hour (160 km/h) were recorded as far inland as the towns of McAllen, Edinburg, Mission, and Pharr, some 50 miles (80 km) from the gulf coast. Beulah spawned a record 115 tornadoes[13] which destroyed homes, commercial property, and inflicted serious damage on the region's agricultural industry. The tornado record from Beulah would survive until Hurricane Ivan set a new record in 2004. The Rio Grande Valley's citrus industry, based on cultivation of the famous "Ruby Red" grapefruit, was particularly hard hit.



 Damage and Flooding in Brownsville, Texas from Hurricane Beulah.
The lower Rio Grande Valley, the four county region that comprises deep south Texas, was inundated with torrential rains. Within a 36 hour period it dropped over 27 inches (690 mm) of rain near Beeville, Texas.[14] Falfurrias received more rain from Beulah than it normally records during one year. Areas south of Laredo, San Antonio, and Matagorda were isolated for more than a week due to the resulting flood.[2] On September 28, President Lyndon Baines Johnson declared twenty-four counties in southern Texas a disaster area.[15]
Animal life in the region responded in various ways to survive. Ants survived the floods by congregating in spheres of living colonies and floated down streams to safety. Predaceous beetle larvae preyed on frogs and rodents. Crustaceans from the beaches migrated en masse to the protection of high ground.[16]
Hurricane Beulah caused an estimated US$1.41 billion (2010 dollars) in damage. Sources report either 58 or 59 total deaths from the storm.[17]
Aftermath[edit]
Across the Yucatan Peninsula, the Government of Mexico set up an air lift of food and medical supplies to isolated areas by September 18.[8]
The name Beulah was retired and will never be used for an Atlantic hurricane again;[12] it was replaced with Beth in 1971.
See also[edit]

Portal icon Tropical cyclones portal
List of Atlantic hurricanes
List of retired Atlantic hurricane names
List of Category 5 Atlantic hurricanes
List of wettest tropical cyclones in Texas
References[edit]
1.^ Jump up to: a b "Hurricane Beulah Preliminary Report" (PDF). National Weather Bureau. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. September 29, 1967. Retrieved November 9, 2011.
2.^ Jump up to: a b c David M. Roth. Texas Hurricane History: Late 20th Century. Retrieved on 2007-06-23.
3.Jump up ^ National Hurricane Center; Hurricane Research Division (April 1, 2014). "Atlantic hurricane best track (HURDAT version 2)". United States National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. Retrieved August 10, 2014.
4.Jump up ^ Eric S. Blake, Jerry D. Jarrell, Max Mayfield, and Edward N. Rappaport. The Most Intense Hurricanes in the United States 1851-2004. Retrieved on 2007-06-23.
5.Jump up ^ National Weather Service Office Corpus Christi, Texas. Hurricane Beulah. Retrieved on 2007-06-23.
6.Jump up ^ David M. Roth. Hurricane Beulah Black Background, Color-Filled Image for Puerto Rico. Retrieved on 2008-02-28.
7.Jump up ^ http://news.google.com/newspapers?id=cHwgAAAAIBAJ&sjid=5GcFAAAAIBAJ&dq=hurricane%20beulah%20haiti&pg=1096%2C862475
8.^ Jump up to: a b c "Yucatan hard hit; Texas calm, braced for hurricane Beulah". United Press International (The Bulletin). September 18, 1967. p. 1. Retrieved November 9, 2011.
9.Jump up ^ "Beulah Batters Yucatan, Stalls". United Press International (St. Petersburg Times). September 18, 1967. p. 1. Retrieved November 9, 2011.
10.Jump up ^ "Mexicans Flee". Associated Press (Spokane Daily Chronicle). September 18, 1967. p. 1. Retrieved November 9, 2011.
11.Jump up ^ (Spanish) http://www.cenapred.gob.mx/es/PreguntasFrecuentes/faqpopo5.html
12.^ Jump up to: a b National Weather Service Office Houston/Galveston, Texas. PUBLIC INFORMATION STATEMENT. Retrieved on 2007-06-23.
13.Jump up ^ Robert Orton. Tornadoes Associated With Hurricane Beulah on September 19-23, 1967. Retrieved on 2007-06-23.
14.Jump up ^ David M. Roth. Hurricane Beulah Rainfall Page. Retrieved on 2007-06-23.
15.Jump up ^ Texas State Historical Association. Hurricane Beulah wracks Texas coast. Retrieved on 2007-06-23.
16.Jump up ^ N. E. Flitters. Hurricane Beulah. A report in retrospect on the hurricane and its effect on biological processes in the Rio Grande Valley. Retrieved on 2007-06-23.
17.Jump up ^ Edward N. Rappaport, Jose Fernandez-Partagas, and Jack Beven. The Deadliest Atlantic Tropical Cyclones, 1492-1996. Retrieved on 2007-06-23.
External links[edit]
Hurricane Beulah HPC Rainfall Page


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Categories: Category 5 Atlantic hurricanes
Retired Atlantic hurricanes
1967 Atlantic hurricane season
Hurricanes in the Windward Islands
Hurricanes in Martinique
Hurricanes in Saint Lucia
Hurricanes in Texas
Atlantic hurricanes in Mexico
1967 in Mexico





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1968 Wheelersburg, Ohio tornado outbreak
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to: navigation, search

1968 Wheelersburg, Ohio tornado outbreak

Date(s)
April 23, 1968
Duration
~5 hours
Tornadoes caused
13
Maximum rated tornado
F5 (Fujita scale)
Damages
unknown
Casualties
14
The 1968 Wheelersburg, Ohio tornado outbreak was a deadly tornado outbreak that struck portions of the Midwestern United States and Ohio Valley on April 23, 1968. The most notable tornado was an F5 on the Fujita scale that struck portions of southeastern Ohio from Wheelersburg to Gallipolis, just north of the Ohio-Kentucky state line. At least 13 tornadoes touched down in the Midwest region and caused at least 14 deaths, including five in Kentucky and nine in Ohio.



Contents  [hide]
1 Tornado table
2 Confirmed tornadoes
3 Notable tornadoes 3.1 Falmouth–Dover, Kentucky–Ripley, Ohio
3.2 Wheelersburg–Gallipolis
4 See also
5 References

Tornado table[edit]
Confirmed
Total Confirmed
F0 Confirmed
F1 Confirmed
F2 Confirmed
F3 Confirmed
F4 Confirmed
F5
13 1 4 3 2 2 1

Confirmed tornadoes[edit]

F#
Location
County
Time (UTC)
Path length
Damage
Michigan
F1 SW of Pittsford Hillsdale 1750 9.3 miles
 (14.9 km) 
F3 Big Rapids to S of Sheridan Township Mecosta, Osceola 1853 60.9 miles
 (97.4 km) Tornado struck the town of Big Rapids. 25 homes and businesses were damaged, causing $500,000 in damage. One home lost its roof and two walls, and several cottages were leveled. Four homes were torn apart east of Paris as well.[1]
F0 SW of Livonia Wayne 1930 0.1 miles
 (0.16 km) 
Kentucky
F4 W of Falmouth to E of Lucasville, OH Pendleton, KY, Bracken, Mason, Brown, OH, Adams, Scioto 1841 78.7 miles
 (125.9 km) 6 deaths - See section on this tornado
F2 NE of Chatham Bracken, Mason 1930 0.1 miles
 (0.16 km) Secondary tornado struck some the same counties already hit by the previous F4.
F3 E of South Shore Greenup 2055 0.1 miles
 (0.16 km) Multiple homes were destroyed. Some sources list this as an extension of the same tornado that struck Wheelersburg.[1]
F2 Nicholasville area Jessamine 2234 3.3 miles
 (5.3 km) Several homes sustained roof damage and one lost its roof entirely. Another home was shifted off of its foundation. A barn was obliterated and scattered throughout a 60-70–acre area.[1]
Ohio
F4 NW of Willowville to E of Westboro Clermont, Brown, Clinton 1856 24.1 miles
 (38.6 km) 1 death - Large tornado destroyed 35 homes, 40 barns, and one house trailer.
F1 NE of Fayette Fulton 1915 0.1 miles
 (0.16 km) 
F1 N of Pataskala Licking 2030 8.2 miles
 (13.1 km) 
F2 S of Minford Scioto 2030 4.9 miles
 (7.8 km) Five planes were destroyed and seven others were damaged at Scioto County Airport. One man was severely injured when a concrete block barn collapsed. One home and several farm buildings were destroyed, with others damaged.
F5 Wheelersburg to Gallipolis Scioto, Lawrence, Gallia 2105 34 miles
 (54.4 km) 7 deaths - See section on this tornado
Tennessee
F1 Smithville DeKalb 2058 0.1 miles
 (0.16 km) Struck the Miller Heights subdivision in Smithville. One house was unroofed and torn apart, and 3 trailers were destroyed. Many other structures were damaged.[1]
Source: Tornado History Project - April 23, 1968 Storm Data

Notable tornadoes[edit]
Outbreak death toll

State
Total
County
County
 total
Kentucky 5 Bracken 1
Pendleton 4
Ohio 9 Brown 1
Clermont 1
Scioto 7
Totals 14 
All deaths were tornado-related

Falmouth–Dover, Kentucky–Ripley, Ohio[edit]
This tornado began in Kentucky where 380 homes were damaged and 180 others were destroyed in and around Falmouth. 115 of the 127 homes in the small town of Dover were badly damaged. Many homes and barns were also destroyed around the towns of Berlin, Augusta, Bladeston, and Chatham as well. The tornado crossed into Ohio and struck the Ripley area, where 30 homes were damaged, 40 barns were destroyed, and a tobacco warehouse and a shoe plant were badly damaged. It then continued through Brown County, destroying 17 barns, before moving through Adams County, where 25 homes and barns were damaged or destroyed and four trailer homes were destroyed. Hundreds of people were injured. The tornado occasionally lifted as it dipped into valleys but mostly remained on the ground, though it may have been a tornado family. It produced high-end F4 damage and may have been an F5 like the Wheelersburg–Gallipolis event, but is officially rated F4.[1]

Wheelersburg–Gallipolis[edit]
At around 4 PM EDT, the deadliest tornado touched down. Touching down just east of the Ohio River in Scioto County east of South Shore, Kentucky, the F5 tornado tore through the Wheelersburg area causing extensive damage to many structures. There, it first destroyed a transfer company and a farm supply store. A train was derailed and thrown from the tracks nearby. 550 homes were damaged or destroyed in the Dogwood Ridge area of Wheelersburg, some of which were swept away. A greenhouse was destroyed and a furniture company had its roof torn off. A large metal power line truss tower was ripped off at the base and thrown by the tornado. Cars were tossed from route 52 and Wheelersburg Cemetery was damaged.[1] Damage was estimated at around $2 million (in 1968 dollars). The storm moved east into Lawrence and Gallia counties and affected areas near and around the communities of Cadmus, Buckhorn, Centenary and Gallipolis, where the storm dissipated 34 miles (55 km) after its initial touchdown. The tornado caused damage in and around the rural communities of Flat Hollow, Little White, Oak, East Tygart, Siloam Bottoms, Lyra, and Sunshine. Sunshine Elementary School was badly damaged. The tornado caused damage in the Gallipolis area before dissipating, where six house trailers, eight homes, and four farm buildings were destroyed. 15 buildings were damaged at Gallipolis State Institute. The tornado injured 92 people and caused at least $2,000,000 in damage. The F5 rating is disputed due to the fact that the homes that were swept away were not properly anchored to their foundations.[2][1] Some National Weather Service records show that the tornado began in Greenup County, Kentucky, making its track 38 miles (61 km) long and 400 yards (0.23 mi) wide.[3]
In all, the tornado killed seven people and injured nearly 100 others. Approximately 69 homes and 28 other buildings were destroyed and another 476 structures were damaged. Then-Governor Jim Rhodes called in the National Guard to assist the rescue and cleanup efforts.[4] This was the first official F5 tornado in Ohio since tornado records were kept in 1950. Initially though, a tornado in Pittsfield, Ohio, during the 1965 Palm Sunday tornado outbreak was the first official F5 in Ohio before being lowered to an F4, thus making the Wheelersburg–Gallipolis F5 the first. Other F5s in Ohio took place in Cincinnati and Xenia (near Dayton) on April 3, 1974, and in Niles near Youngstown and Warren on May 31, 1985. In 1968, the Wheelersburg–Gallipolis F5 was one of four F5s recorded across the US—the others being in Charles City and Oelwein in Iowa on May 15 and in Tracy, Minnesota, on June 13.
See also[edit]
List of North American tornadoes and tornado outbreaks
References[edit]
1.^ Jump up to: a b c d e f g Grazulis, Thomas P (July 1993). Significant Tornadoes 1680-1991. St. Johnsbury, VT: The Tornado Project of Environmental Films. ISBN 1-879362-03-1.
2.Jump up ^ Grazulis, Thomas P. (2001). F5-F6 Tornadoes. St. Johnsbury, VT: The Tornado Project.
3.Jump up ^ http://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/techrpts/tr9902/tr9902.pdf
4.Jump up ^ 1968 Tornado
 


Categories: F5 tornadoes
Tornadoes of 1968
Tornadoes in Ohio
Tornadoes in Kentucky
1968 in the United States


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May 1968 tornado outbreak
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to: navigation, search

May 1968 tornado outbreak
CharlesCity tornado.jpg
An F5 tornado near Charles City, Iowa on May 15, 1968

Date(s)
May 15–16, 1968
Duration
~30 hours
Tornadoes caused
46 confirmed
Maximum rated tornado
F5 (Fujita scale)
Damages
>$52.5 million
Casualties
72
The May 1968 tornado outbreak was a significant and deadly tornado outbreak that struck most of the central and southern United States on May 15- May 16, 1968. Producing 46 tornadoes, the outbreak killed at least 72 people including 45 in Arkansas alone. The outbreak also produced two F5s in Iowa. It was one of the deadliest tornado outbreaks in the United States since the 1960s and is one of the deadliest outbreaks in Iowa history.


Contents  [hide]
1 Outbreak description
2 Tornado table
3 Confirmed tornadoes 3.1 May 15 event
3.2 May 16 event
4 See also
5 References
6 External links

Outbreak description[edit]
Severe weather activity started during the afternoon of May 15 as a low pressure system crossed the area. The first tornado touchdowns were across the Midwestern States including the two Iowa F5s that hit central and eastern parts of the state about 45 minutes apart during the late afternoon. Both tornadoes killed 18 in total. The first F5 tornado moved through five counties and 65 miles (105 km). It affected the town of Charles City just before 5 PM destroying much of the area. Damage figures were pegged at $30 million in Charles City alone while $1.5 million of damage was recorded elsewhere. This tornado killed 13 and injured 462 others. The second F5 tornado affected Fayette County and damaged or destroyed nearly 1000 homes. The hardest hit areas were Oelwein and Maynard where homes were completely swept away from their foundations. Five people were killed while 156 others were injured. Damage was estimated at $21 million. These were two of four F5 tornadoes across the country in 1968, the others being in southeastern Ohio on April 23 and in southwestern Minnesota on June 13. The next F5 tornados in Iowa took place in Jordan in 1976 and Parkersburg in 2008.[1][2]
Outbreak death toll

State
Total
County
County
 total
Arkansas 45 Baxter 3
Craighead 34
Independence 7
Jackson 1
Illinois 8 De Witt 4
St. Clair 4
Indiana 1 Wabash 1
Iowa 18 Fayette 5
Floyd 13
Totals 72 
All deaths were tornado-related
After the first tornadoes struck the Northern Plains, activity developed further south during the evening hours including several deadly tornadoes in Arkansas. One of the tornadoes touched down west of Jonesboro before hitting the Craighead County city itself at around 10 PM CDT. The tornado caught most residents by surprise since most of the warning systems failed and killed at least 34.[3] One more person was killed in neighboring Jackson County. The tornado was the deadliest in Arkansas since an F4 tornado that affected White County on March 21, 1952 killing 50.[4][5]
The same city was hit by another destructive tornado five years later killing at least three and injuring 250 others while leaving much more destruction throughout the city then the 1968 event. The damage figures were about $62 million in 1973 dollars.[6] Another F4 tornado just to the west of Jonesboro killed 7 in Oil Trough in Independence County and 3 others were killed in Baxter County.[7]
The activity ceased across the Deep South when the final tornadoes of the first part of the outbreak touched down across the Metropolitan Memphis area and northern Mississippi as well as in the Fort Wayne, Indiana area. A smaller tornado outbreak from the same system took place across Oklahoma and Texas during the following day where seven tornadoes touched down including an F3 in Wilbarger County, Texas.
In addition to the 45 fatalities in Arkansas and 18 in Iowa, the outbreak killed eight in Illinois and one in Indiana.
Tornado table[edit]
Confirmed
Total Confirmed
F0 Confirmed
F1 Confirmed
F2 Confirmed
F3 Confirmed
F4 Confirmed
F5
46 5 20 10 7 2 2
Confirmed tornadoes[edit]
May 15 event[edit]

[hide]List of confirmed tornadoes

F#

Location

County

Time (UTC)

Path length

Damage

Minnesota
F2 NW of Northfield to S of New Trier Rice, Dakota 2028 15.4 miles
 (24.6 km) One woman was injured when a barn collapsed onto her.
F0 NW of Hutton Freeborn 2200 0.1 miles
 (0.16 km) Brief tornado caused minor damage.
F1 SW of Dodge Center Dodge 2207 7.8 miles
 (12.5 km) Tornado damaged outbuildings on 3 farms.
F1 W of West Concord Steele, Dodge 2240 16.6 miles
 (26.6 km) Outbuildings were damaged on 7 farms.
F1 W of Newburg Fillmore 2345 8.4 miles
 (13.4 km) Tornado damaged 3 farms and a church.
Illinois
F3 E of Easton to SW of Emden Mason, Logan 2030 12.6 miles
 (20.2 km) 15 homes were damaged or destroyed beyond repair, with near F4 damage in some areas. Trailers and smaller buildings were destroyed and scattered.[8]
F1 S of Waynesville to S of Farmer City De Witt 2200 25.4 miles
 (40.6 km) 4 deaths-Passed along the south edge of Wapella, destroying 3 homes and several buildings on multiple farms. A library in Waynesville was torn apart. Grazulis states that this tornado produced near F4 damage, despite the official F1 rating.[8]
F3 E of Milford Iroquois 2350 7.1 miles
 (11.4 km) One home had its roof blown off and was torn apart. 25 loaded freight cars were blown from the tracks. Barns and trailers were destroyed as well.[8]
F3 SE of Freeburg St. Clair 0245 2 miles
 (3.2 km) 4 deaths A trailer park was completely destroyed at Freeburg, where 4 people were killed. Frame homes and other structures were badly damaged.[8]
Kansas
F3 NE of Louisburg, KS Miami, KS, Cass, MO 2045 2.7 miles
 (4.3 km) Tornado struck 8 farms in two states. One farm home was unroofed and torn apart. Barns were destroyed as well along the path.[8]
Iowa
F5 NE of Hampton to SE of Chester Franklin, Butler, Floyd, Chickasaw, Howard 2110 62.1 miles
 (99.4 km) 13 deaths In Charles City, 13 people died, 450 were injured, and $30 million damage occurred. 372 homes were destroyed, 188 sustained major damage, and 356 sustained minor. A new housing project was leveled. 58 businesses were destroyed, 90 sustained major damage, and 46 sustained minor damage. Multiple homes in town were completely swept away. Farms were swept away in rural areas outside of town, and intense cycloidal scour marks were visible in fields. A department store was flattened and the downtown area on Main St. was heavily damaged. All 8 churches and 3 of the city schools were damaged or destroyed. All the bars were spared. The police station was heavily damaged. 1250 vehicles were destroyed. In Elma, nearly $1.5 million damage occurred. Five homes and 20 cars were demolished and the Roman Catholic Church was unroofed. Along the path, 13 people were killed, 462 injured, and $31.5 million damage occurred inflated to $195.57 million damage.
F5 Oelwein to W of Fayette Fayette 2157 13.1 miles
 (21 km) 5 deaths-Tornado struck the towns of Oelwein and Maynard. Homes in both communities were completely swept away. Churches, businesses, and schools in Oelwein were badly damaged and destroyed. Nearly 1,000 homes in total were damaged or destroyed by the tornado along its path. 34 people were hospitalized as a result of their injuries.[8]
F1 W of Jackson Junction Fayette 2158 0.3 miles
 (0.5 km) Brief tornado touchdown with minor damage.
F1 Audubon area Audubon 2245 2 miles
 (3.2 km) Barns were destroyed and house windows were blown out.[8]
F2 S of Vernon Springs Howard 2315 4.7 miles
 (7.5 km) The roof was torn off of a home and a concrete block garage was destroyed. Barns were destroyed as well.[8]
Missouri
F2 W of Pittsville Johnson 2130 5.2 miles
 (8.3 km) Tornado struck 7 farms, destroying barns and outbuildings. A gas station was destroyed and one home had its roof torn off.[8]
F1 NW of Richmond Ray 2145 3.6 miles
 (5.8 km) Tornado struck 5 farms, damaging barns and sheds.
F2 Fayetteville to Concordia Johnson, Lafayette 2200 12.3 miles
 (19.7 km) Large barns and outbuildings were destroyed.[8]
F1 S of Blackburn Lafayette, Saline 2200 4.9 miles
 (7.8 km) Four farms sustained outbuilding damage. Trees and roofs were damaged, and a car was flipped by the tornado.
F1 S of Alba Jasper 2300 2.5 miles
 (4 km) Tornado damaged or destroyed structures on 3 farms. Tree damage occurred and a car was flipped, injuring the 3 occupants.
F1 W of Hillsboro Jefferson 0140 5.9 miles
 (9.4 km) Tornado caused tree damage along its path.
F2 SW of Neelyville Butler 0250 0.2 miles
 (0.32 km) Brief tornado destroyed two buildings and flipped a truck onto a station wagon. 1 person was injured.
F1 S of Campbell Dunklin 0320 1.5 miles
 (2.4 km) Tornado caused damage to treetops before lifting, then touching down fully in a rural area.
Indiana
F2 Mooresville area Hendricks, Morgan 2145 8.8 miles
 (14.1 km) 30 homes were damaged or had their roofs torn off, and multiple trailers were destroyed in Hazelwood. 20 additional homes were damaged at Lake Bodona, with some unroofed or nearly destroyed.[8]
F2 N of West Lafayette Tippecanoe 0351 0.1 miles
 (0.16 km) Two small buildings were destroyed.
F2 N of Beard Clinton 0430 0.1 miles
 (0.16 km) A barn and farm machinery were destroyed near Beard.[8]
F3 S of Wabash to E of Fort Wayne Wabash, Huntington, Allen 0602 50.3 miles
 (80.5 km) 1 death-13 trailers were destroyed, one of which was thrown across a highway, resulting in a fatality. 35 homes were damaged, 15 of them in New Haven. Twenty garages and barns were destroyed, and 3 planes were damaged at Wabash airport. 15 people were injured.[8]
Ohio
F1 SE of Wooster Wayne 2315 1 miles
 (1.6 km) Barns and outbuildings were destroyed.[8]
F2 Dalton area Wayne 0000 1 miles
 (1.6 km) Barns and outbuildings were destroyed.[8]
Arkansas
F3 NE of Mountain Home Baxter 0030 7.3 miles
 (11.7 km) 3 deaths-20 homes and 12 trailers were destroyed. 4 businesses and 15 other homes were badly damaged. Boats, docks, and resorts were damaged at Lake Norfolk.[8]
F1 NE of Viola Fulton 0115 0.1 miles
 (0.16 km) Tornado caused damage in the Viola area where two trailers were flipped and a recreation hall sustained roof and wall damage. The roof was blown off of Viola School and several homes in Viola were damaged as well.
F4 N of Oil Trough Independence 0236 0.3 miles
 (0.5 km) 7 deaths-Tornado struck Oil Trough, destroying over half of the town. An implement company, a grocery store, and the post office were destroyed. The high school was badly damaged as well. A church with 60 people inside was badly damaged, but only one injury occurred there.[8]
F4 E of Tuckerman to SW of Blytheville Jackson, Craighead, Mississippi 0245 20.9 miles
 (33.4 km) 35 deaths-Tornado first struck the south side of Tuckerman before tearing through Jonesboro. At least 164 homes were destroyed in Jonesboro, and multiple others were damaged. Several fatalities occurred when vehicles were thrown from a road and wrapped around trees. The tornado also impacted the towns of Fairview, Nettleton, and Manila. The downtown area of Manila was destroyed, and Nettleton School was completely destroyed as well.[8]
Tennessee
F1 Memphis area (southeast) Shelby 0520 0.1 miles
 (0.16 km) Tornado remained over open country.
F1 Germantown area Shelby 0715 0.1 miles
 (0.16 km) Brief tornado reported.
F1 SW of Dixonville Shelby 0750 0.1 miles
 (0.16 km) No damage reported.
Mississippi
F2 SW of Lewisburg DeSoto 0620 5.2 miles
 (8.3 km) Two concrete block houses were badly damaged and another was pushed several feet from its foundation. An additional 3 homes were destroyed, one was unroofed, and 3 others were damaged. A mobile home, antique shop, implement company, garage, and chicken house were all destroyed. A barn was unroofed, and many trees and power poles were downed. 6 people were injured.
F1 E of Bowman Tate 0640 0.1 miles
 (0.16 km) Tornado uprooted multiple trees.
F1 NW of Taska Marshall 0730 0.1 miles
 (0.16 km) One truck was pushed from the road, another jackknifed, and two others were involved as the tornado briefly moved down the highway.
Source:
Tornado History Project Storm Data - May 15, 1968

May 16 event[edit]

[hide]List of confirmed tornadoes

F#

Location

County

Time (UTC)

Path length

Damage

Oklahoma
F0 SE of Wilson Carter 2015 0.1 miles
 (0.16 km) 
F0 NW of Overbrook Love 2115 0.1 miles
 (0.16 km) 
F0 NW of Taylor Cotton, Stephens 2143 0.1 miles
 (0.16 km) 
F1 W of Marietta Love 2345 0.1 miles
 (0.16 km) 
F0 NE of Asphaltum Jefferson 0000 0.1 miles
 (0.16 km) 
Texas
F1 NW of Bellevue Clay 2015 0.1 miles
 (0.16 km) 
F3 SW of Vernon Wilbarger 2110 2 miles
 (3.2 km) A home lost its roof and two walls.[8]
Source: Tornado History Project Storm Data - May 16, 1968
See also[edit]
List of North American tornadoes and tornado outbreaks
References[edit]
1.Jump up ^ Abbotsford Tornado
2.Jump up ^ Fayette County, Iowa Tornadoes
3.Jump up ^ Case Studies - Tornadoes - Forces of Nature
4.Jump up ^ National Weather Service - Little Rock, Arkansas...Top 25 Weather Events of the 20th Century
5.Jump up ^ Tornado History Project
6.Jump up ^ "News Story". Comm.astate.edu. Retrieved 2012-11-07.
7.Jump up ^ [1][dead link]
8.^ Jump up to: a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s Grazulis, Thomas P (July 1993). Significant Tornadoes 1680-1991. St. Johnsbury, VT: The Tornado Project of Environmental Films. ISBN 1-879362-03-1.
External links[edit]
Iowa tornadoes of May 15, 1968 (Courtesy of NWS La Crosse, Wisconsin)
 


Categories: F5 tornadoes
Tornadoes of 1968
Tornadoes in Arkansas
Tornadoes in Illinois
Tornadoes in Indiana
Tornadoes in Iowa
Tornadoes in Kansas
Tornadoes in Missouri
Tornadoes in Minnesota
Tornadoes in Ohio
Tornadoes in Oklahoma
Tornadoes in Tennessee
Tornadoes in Texas
1968 in the United States





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1968 Tracy tornado
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to: navigation, search

1968 Tracy tornado

F5 tornado
Tracy1968.png
Date
June 13, 1968
Time
7:04 pm
Casualties
9 killed, 150 injured
Damages
$43 million (2006 USD)
Areas affected
Southwest Minnesota
The 1968 Tracy tornado was an F5 tornado that struck Tracy, Minnesota on June 13, 1968. The tornado killed nine people and injured 150 others as it tracked 9 miles (14 km) through Murray, Lyon and Redwood counties in southwestern Minnesota. It is one of only two official F5 tornadoes that have occurred in Minnesota, although several other tornadoes that occurred before 1950 are estimated to have been F5 strength.[1] The tornado destroyed 111 homes, caused major damage to 76, and caused minor damage to 114. Five businesses were destroyed and 15 others were damaged. A few farms outside of town were swept completely away, and extensive ground scouring occurred.[2] An elementary school and 106 automobiles were destroyed, and a heavy boxcar was thrown more than a block by the storm. Two other boxcars were thrown 300 yards, and a steel I-beam was carried for two miles on a piece of roof.[3] Hard rains and hail were also reported.[4]
See also[edit]
Tracy, Minnesota
Climate of Minnesota
List of North American tornadoes and tornado outbreaks
Mid-June 1992 tornado outbreak
References[edit]
1.Jump up ^ "F5 and EF5 Tornadoes of the United States". Storm Prediction Center. Retrieved 2008-03-09.
2.Jump up ^ Ryan, Bob. (June 14, 1968). KSTP Coverage of 1968 Tracy tornado. (motion picture). Tracy, Minnesota: KSTP. Retrieved September 6, 2013.
3.Jump up ^ Grazulis, Thomas P (July 1993). Significant Tornadoes 1680-1991. St. Johnsbury, VT: The Tornado Project of Environmental Films. ISBN 1-879362-03-1.
4.Jump up ^ Drew Sandholm. "Survivor Recalls Tracy Tornado", ABC News affiliate KSFY-TV. June 11, 2008.
External links[edit]
Picture of Tracy tornado
Tracy tornado image, as photographed by Archie Daniels of Tracy, MN.
 


Categories: F5 tornadoes
Tornadoes in Minnesota
Tornadoes of 1968
1968 in Minnesota
Lyon County, Minnesota
Murray County, Minnesota
Redwood County, Minnesota


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1969 Minnesota tornado outbreak
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1969 Minnesota tornado outbreak
LakeRoosevelt Tornado Damage 1969 August cabins.jpg
Damage to cabins near the current Lake Roosevelt Resort just north of Outing, MN, from the F4 tornado. Damage in the photo is not indicative of maximum intensity.

Date(s)
August 6, 1969
Duration
6 hours
Tornadoes caused
13
Maximum rated tornado
F4 (Fujita scale)
Damages
$88.4 million (2006 USD)
Casualties
15
The 1969 Minnesota tornado outbreak was a tornado outbreak that affected portions of north central Minnesota on August 6, 1969. There were 13 confirmed tornadoes from the outbreak, 15 people were killed and 109 were injured.


Contents  [hide]
1 Meteorological synopsis
2 Outbreak description
3 Confirmed tornadoes
4 See also
5 References
6 External links

Meteorological synopsis[edit]
Very warm, humid, summertime air had pushed into central on southern Minnesota on August 6, 1969. Minneapolis saw a high temperature of 93 °F (34 °C) with dew points near 70 °F (21 °C).[1] Meanwhile, strong upper-level winds over northern Minnesota and an approaching cold front from the west added the needed ingredient for the strong storms.[2]
Outbreak description[edit]
Thirteen tornadoes touched down that day, killing 15 and injuring 109. The first tornado of the day, an F0, touched down at 12:15 pm CDT in Beltrami County.[3] The main tornado event started about three hours later in Cass County when an F3 tornado touched down southwest of Backus, injuring four people.[4]
Outbreak death toll

State
Total
County
County
 total
Minnesota 15 Aitkin 1
Cass 12
St. Louis 2
Totals 15 
All deaths were tornado-related
The most damaging tornado of the outbreak touched down at 3:48 pm in Crow Wing County. It achieved F4 strength, traveling 38 miles (61 km) through Crow Wing, Cass and Aitkin counties. The area around Outing was especially hard hit by this tornado, where 11 deaths and 40 injuries occurred on the shores of Roosevelt Lake.[5]
Several more strong tornadoes touched down over the next two hours, killing one person near Jacobson and two people near Two Harbors.[5] Damage and casualties were limited however because most of the twisters struck rural areas.
Confirmed tornadoes[edit]
Table of confirmed tornadoes – after surveys by local weather service offices[6]
Confirmed
Total Confirmed
F0 Confirmed
F1 Confirmed
F2 Confirmed
F3 Confirmed
F4 Confirmed
F5
13 2 0 3 7 1 0



 An F4 tornado caused major damage to many cabins and wide swaths of forest on both sides of Lake Roosevelt in the Outing, MN, area.
F#
Location
County
Time (UTC)
Path length
Damage
Minnesota
F0 Bemidji Beltrami 1815 0.1 miles
 (0.16 km) No Damage Reported.
F3 Backus area Cass 2120 17.3 miles
 (27.7 km) $2.5 Million in damages, 4 injuries. 5 miles NE of Nimrod to 4 mi ENE of Backus. 11 homes were destroyed, and 13 farms were destroyed or heavily damaged. One trailer was destroyed as well. [7]
F4 Outing area Crow Wing, Cass and Aitkin 2148 32.3 miles
 (51.7 km) 12 deaths occurred with 70 injuries, $7.5 Million in damages. Large F4 wedge tornado hit the town of Outing at 1602 resulting in heavy damage. Thousands of trees, many cabins, and farms were leveled by the tornado. [7]
F3 NE of Chisholm St. Louis 2225 10 miles
 (16 km) $2.5 million in damage. Homes, cabins, and utilities were destroyed. Many trees were downed and nine people were injured. [7]
F3 S of Jacobson Aitkin 2250 12.5 miles
 (20 km) 1 death 3 injured, $250k in damage. Two farm homes, seven outbuildings, and a cabin were destroyed. [7]
F2 S of Tower (1st tornado) St. Louis 2300 2 miles
 (3.2 km) Homes and barns were damaged and destroyed. Hundreds of trees were downed as well. Caused $25k in damage.[7]
F2 S of Tower (2nd tornado) St. Louis 2300 1 mile
 (1.6 km) Cottages were destroyed and trees were downed. Caused $25k in damage.[7]
F3 E of Tower St. Louis 2300 7.2 miles
 (11.5 km) Caused $250k in damage.
F3 Floodwood area St. Louis 2300 18.4 miles
 (29.4 km) $2.5 million in damage. Barns and cabins were destroyed and homes were badly damaged. Hundreds of trees were downed as well. 20 people were injured and 39 head of livestock were killed. [7]
F3 E of Soudan St. Louis 2315 3.8 miles
 (6.1 km) $250k in damage
F2 S of Ely St. Louis 2335 1.9 miles
 (3 km) $25k in damage
F3 N of Duluth to Two Harbors St. Louis, Lake 2350 17.2 miles
 (27.5 km) 2 deaths - $250k in damage in St. Louis County. $2.5 k in damage in Lake County. A cabin was destroyed, resulting in two fatalities. Hundreds of trees were snapped and three people were injured. [7]
Nebraska
F0 NE of Monroe Platte 0140 0.1 miles
 (0.16 km) 
Source: Tornado History Project – August 6, 1969 Storm Data
See also[edit]
Climate of Minnesota
List of North American tornadoes and tornado outbreaks
References[edit]
1.Jump up ^ "Daily Weather Records for the Twin Cities: 1960's". NOAA. Retrieved December 26, 2006.
2.Jump up ^ "Daily Weather Maps" (DJVU). U.S. Weather Bureau. August 10, 1969. Retrieved December 26, 2006.
3.Jump up ^ "Event Record Details – Beltrami County F2". National Climatic Data Center. August 6, 1969. Retrieved March 2, 2008.
4.Jump up ^ "Event Record Details – Cass County F3". National Climatic Data Center. August 6, 1969. Retrieved March 2, 2008.
5.^ Jump up to: a b "Memorable Northland Storms". National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. September 14, 2005. Retrieved December 26, 2006.
6.Jump up ^ "Storm Events". National Climatic Data Center. Retrieved December 26, 2006.
7.^ Jump up to: a b c d e f g h Grazulis, Thomas P (July 1993). Significant Tornadoes 1680-1991. St. Johnsbury, VT: The Tornado Project of Environmental Films. ISBN 1-879362-03-1.
External links[edit]
Minnesota Tornado History and Statistics
Gendisasters.com
 


Categories: F4 tornadoes
Tornadoes of 1969
Tornadoes in Minnesota
1969 in Minnesota




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http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1969_Minnesota_tornado_outbreak