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1902 Goliad, Texas tornado
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The 1902 Goliad, Texas tornado was a F4 tornado that struck the town of Goliad, Texas on May 18, 1902. The tornado touched down on the south side of the San Antonio River at 3:35 p.m.
Travel Route[edit]
It travelled northeast and struck Goliad. A total of 114 people died, 250 were injured, and $125,000 damage occurred. Inflation put it at $3,424,800 damage. Within a few hours, 85 people were reported dead and 29 more over the next several days. Across the city, 150 homes, 100 businesses, a Baptist church and parsonage, a black Methodist church, a white Methodist church, and the second story of the county courthouse were destroyed. At least 50 people were in the black church. None survived. The first floor of the county courthouse was changed into a medical center. After the tornado, all the bodies were buried in a trench due to lack of time and money. It tied with the Waco tornado of May 11, 1953 as the deadliest in Texas history and eleventh overall in the United States.
[hide]
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e
25 deadliest US tornadoes
Rank
Name (location)
Date
Deaths
1
"Tri-State" (Missouri, Illinois and Indiana) March 18, 1925 695
2
Natchez, Mississippi May 6, 1840 317
3
St. Louis, Missouri and East St. Louis, Illinois May 27, 1896 255
4
Tupelo, Mississippi April 5, 1936 216
5
Gainesville, Georgia April 6, 1936 203
6
Woodward, Oklahoma April 9, 1947 181
7
Joplin, Missouri May 22, 2011 162
8
Amite, Louisiana and Purvis, Mississippi April 24, 1908 143
9
New Richmond, Wisconsin June 12, 1899 117
10
Flint, Michigan
June 8, 1953
116
11
- - -
Waco, Texas
Goliad, Texas May 11, 1953
May 18, 1902 114
114
13
Omaha, Nebraska March 23, 1913 103
14
Mattoon, Illinois May 26, 1917 101
15
Shinnston, West Virginia June 23, 1944 100
16
Marshfield, Missouri April 18, 1880 99
17
- - -
Gainesville and Holland, Georgia
Poplar Bluff, Missouri June 1, 1903
May 9, 1927 98
98
19
Snyder, Oklahoma May 10, 1905 97
20
Worcester, Massachusetts June 9, 1953 94
21
Camanche, Iowa June 3, 1860 92
22
Natchez, Mississippi April 24, 1908 91
23
Starkville, Mississippi and Waco, Alabama April 20, 1920 88
24
Lorain and Sandusky, Ohio June 28, 1924 85
25
Udall, Kansas May 25, 1955 80
Sources: Storm Prediction Center: The 25 Deadliest U.S. Tornadoes, SPC Annual U.S. Killer Tornado Statistics, Tornado Project
Categories: 1902 in Texas
Tornadoes in Texas
Tornadoes of 1902
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1904 Chappaqua tornado
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1904 Chappaqua tornado
F3 tornado
MiliambroCyclone edit.jpg
Damage from the tornado
Date
July 16, 1904
Time
3:30 pm - 4:00 pm EST
Casualties
2 total (6 injured)
Damages
$100,000 (1904 USD)
$2.4 million (2009 USD)
Areas affected
Westchester County, New York; namely the hamlet of Chappaqua
The 1904 Chappaqua tornado was an intense tornado that struck northern Westchester County, New York during the afternoon of July 16, 1904. As of 2009, this tornado ranks as the strongest tornado to touch down in the county, ranking as F3 on the modern-day Fujita Scale.[1] The tornado formed around 3:30 pm EST within a severe thunderstorm near Chappaqua, New York. The tornado quickly began to produce damage in the hamlet, destroying several structures and killing two people. Homes were knocked off their foundations and rolled over along the tornado's path. By 4:00 pm EST, the tornado dissipated and left $100,000 (1904 USD; $2.4 million 2009 USD) worth of damage in its wake. Hail associated with the same storm cell also inflicted damage upon a few structures. The tornado is known as the worst disaster in the history of Chappaqua.[2]
Contents [hide]
1 Synopsis
2 Impact
3 See also
4 References
Synopsis[edit]
A home destroyed in Chappaqua
During the afternoon of July 16, 1904, a severe thunderstorm produced a strong tornado that touched down around 3:30 pm EST in Chappaqua, New York.[1][3] Residents reported the first indication of the thunderstorm was a large black cloud approaching the region. The sky was reportedly completely dark as torrential rain and high winds commenced. Intense lightning and loud thunder prompted people to seek shelter in their cellars.[4] The tornado tracked directly through Chappaqua before moving towards the Hudson River.[3] Upon reaching the river, the tornado became a waterspout that was powerful enough to uncover the river bed below it. The waterspout eventually dissipated by 4:00 pm EST.[4] The tornado was later rated as F3 on the modern-day Fujita scale.[1]
Impact[edit]
A man was driving in his car,
Or carriage, on the road the runs,
Where with his wife and little ones,
His horse did stop
On mountaintop–
Over the vale of Chappaqua
Black as night without a star
Came pitchy darkness on men's eyes,
And then great hailstones from the skies
Rattled around
And with rebound
Drove creatures mad in Chappaqua
The awful grandeur of the scene
Impressed him so it made him clean
Forget himself,
His house and pelt
And all his goods in Chappaqua
Thank God, they're safe! One did debar
Destruction on the road that runs–
To him, his wife and little ones.
Tornadoes pass,
Green grows the grass
In the valley, aye, of Chappaqua.
The New York Times[5]
At the time of the tornado, roughly 1,000 people lived in the hamlet of Chappaqua. Five homes and three barns were destroyed by the tornado and two people, 80-year-old Mrs. Mary Hibbs and an unknown woman, were killed; six additional people were injured.[4][6] Orchards in the path of the tornado were completely destroyed and greenhouses were leveled. The severity of lightning during the storm caused many women to faint according to The New York Times.[4]
The five homes destroyed were wood-frame, two-and-a-half-story buildings, one of which was lifted off its foundation and flipped over before falling to the ground, being demolished on impact.[4] One of the home's occupants was killed after the chimney fell on her.[6] Another person died from shock after seeing her home destroyed.[7] The other four homes were all located within 0.5 miles (0.80 km) of each other. One of the destroyed homes belonged to Walter Snarles; he saw the tornado approaching his home and saved his life by jumping out a window before the home was rolled over by the tornado. Another home belonged to Mrs. Hester Cox; she sustained minor bruises after her home was also rolled over. Nearby, the home of Mr. Marrow was also destroyed; at the time of the tornado, he, his daughter and his niece were inside. The home was turned over on its side; debris injured the two girls, knocking the niece unconscious.[4]
A barn belonging to Charles Dodge was destroyed, while the Kensico Cemetery sustained significant hail damage. All the glass on one of the conservatories was shattered. Within hours after the tornado, nearby firefighters rushed to the hamlet to assist victims of the storm. During the nighttime hours, they patrolled the streets and watched over destroyed homes to prevent looters from stealing any valuable items left in the debris.[4] Property damage from the tornado was estimated at $100,000 (1904 USD) and five families were left homeless. Following an assessment of the damage, debris from destroyed homes was found upwards of 3 miles (4.8 km) from Chappaqua, including a marriage certificate. A calf was picked up and tossed roughly 0.25 miles (0.40 km) before landing in an open field unharmed.[6] Two plants were also thrown roughly 2 miles (3.2 km) by the tornado.[8]
See also[edit]
List of North American tornadoes and tornado outbreaks
1900 Westchester County tornado
2006 Westchester County tornado
References[edit]
1.^ Jump up to: a b c "Notable Tornadoes in the New York Metro-Area". Weather 2000. May 19, 2009. Retrieved July 8, 2009.
2.Jump up ^ "Town of New Castle History". New Castle Historical Society. 2009. Archived from the original on 2005-03-08. Retrieved April 2, 2012.
3.^ Jump up to: a b "Images of the Chappaqua Tornado, July 16, 1904". Historical Treasures of Westchester County. 2009. Retrieved July 8, 2009.
4.^ Jump up to: a b c d e f g "Death and Damage in Westchester Tornado". The New York Times. July 17, 1904.
5.Jump up ^ "Topics of the Times". The New York Times. July 21, 1904.
6.^ Jump up to: a b c "Chappaqua's Tornado Gut up Queer Antics". The New York Times. July 18, 1904.
7.Jump up ^ Staff Writers (December 2007). "New Castle News: December 2007". Town of New Castle, New York. Retrieved August 23, 2009.
8.Jump up ^ Christopher C. Bert (July 23, 2006). "Twisted Weather". The New York Times. Retrieved August 23, 2009.
Categories: Tornadoes in New York
F3 tornadoes
Westchester County, New York
Tornadoes of 1904
1904 in New York
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1905 Snyder, Oklahoma tornado
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1905 Snyder, Oklahoma tornado outbreak
Snyder tornado.gif
Track of the tornadoes
Date(s)
May 10, 1905
Duration
~2.5 hours
Tornadoes caused
3 or more
Maximum rated tornado
F5 (Fujita scale)
Damages
unknown
Casualties
>112
The 1905 Snyder, Oklahoma tornado was a powerful tornado that struck the town of Snyder, Oklahoma in Kiowa County on May 10, 1905. The event was one of the worst natural disasters ever to hit the state of Oklahoma. The cyclone killed, according to National Weather Service data, 97 people, although the real death toll is not known, as several people missing were not accounted or found in the following days and weeks. The tornado was part of a larger, multiple-day tornado outbreak that hit several states across the Midwestern United States, including Kansas, Oklahoma and Missouri.
Contents [hide]
1 Meteorological synopsis
2 Snyder tornado
3 Aftermath
4 Records and similar events
5 See also
6 References
7 External links
Meteorological synopsis[edit]
The tornado was caused by a strong low pressure system that developed across the Rocky Mountains, near Denver, Colorado. Another storm was also located across Wyoming on May 9. Tornadoes formed on that day across several Plain States including Missouri, Oklahoma and Kansas. The Colorado storm system then moved toward the Central and Southern Plains on the next day and affected areas slightly to the east of the area affected on May 9. A new trough of low pressure developed in the vicinity of the southern storm. It later moved across the Oklahoma and Texas Panhandles.[1][2]
As happened on numerous other occasions, such storms produced a large moist and warm flow from the Gulf of Mexico as well as lots of instability in the atmosphere. Being in May, storm systems produced large contrasts of temperatures, which added more ingredients for the development of powerful thunderstorms with possible damaging tornadoes. Such was the case on May 10, 1905.
Snyder tornado[edit]
Damage to the Snyder Hotel seen just days after the Tornado destroyed much of Snyder, Oklahoma
Prior to the Snyder tornado, a first tornado developed at 6:45 PM CST near Carmel in Greer County, which is about one hour northwest of Wichita Falls, Texas.[citation needed] This tornado killed at least 10 people. Numerous homes, farmsteads and a school house sustained heavy damage or were destroyed. The tornado lifted near Lock (in Jackson County).[citation needed] A second and more destructive tornado touched down just after 8:00 PM CST near the Kiowa/Greer County line and merged with the remnants of the first cyclone. It also proceeded northeast across the Red River Valley and Otter Creek region. At around 8:45 PM CST (after dark), it struck the town of Snyder, killing 97 people. Structures in the western and northern part of the town were completely demolished, with some homes being swept away. One hundred homes were leveled and 150 were badly damaged.[3] The tornado lifted northeast of Snyder shortly after 9:00 PM CST. Another tornado from a different supercell, which previously killed two in Elk City in Beckham County, killed three more in Quinlan, Oklahoma, which is about two hours northeast of Snyder.
Aftermath[edit]
In 1905, only telephones and telegraphs existed which made recovery efforts difficult, especially since both methods of communications were knocked out by the tornado. People had to walk to surrounding regions in order to get help and assistance. In the coming days, several neighboring towns across southern and central Oklahoma assisted in the recovery efforts,with doctors being assigned and many supplies shipped in by trains towards the devastated region.[3]
Records and similar events[edit]
The Fujita scale was not established at that time, but due to the heavy damage, the tornado was considered an F5.[citation needed] In recorded history, the tornado was one of the deadliest in the state of Oklahoma. At the time the event occurred, it was the second deadliest F5 tornado ever, being surpassed by the 1899 New Richmond tornado which killed 117 (and still stands as the deadliest in Wisconsin history and 9th overall in the United States). The Snyder tornado was the deadliest in Oklahoma history until it was surpassed by the Woodward County tornado on April 9, 1947, which killed at least 181. It still stands today as the 2nd deadliest tornado ever in the state.
Another tornado, possibly considered as an F5, was recorded in the immediate area on May 1, 1954,[citation needed] which was still before the implementation of the Fujita scale. The tornado, which originated from North Texas, did not cause any fatalities in the Snyder area.
Other similar outbreaks, which had the same meteorological dynamics, include the 1955 Great Plains tornado outbreak - which killed 102 including 80 in Udall, Kansas, the 1979 Red River Valley tornado outbreak - which killed at least 54, including 42 in Wichita Falls, the April 26, 1991 tornado outbreak - which killed 21, including 4 in Wichita and 13 in Andover, Kansas, the 1999 Oklahoma tornado outbreak in 1999 - which killed 48 in and around Oklahoma City, Wichita and southern Tennessee, and the Greensburg, Kansas outbreak in May 2007 - which killed 14, including 10 in Greensburg, Kansas. This last tornado was the first EF5 under the new Enhanced Fujita scale, that started in the USA on February 1, 2007.
See also[edit]
List of North American tornadoes and tornado outbreaks
List of F5 tornadoes
Snyder, Oklahoma
References[edit]
1.Jump up ^ NWS Norman, Oklahoma - The Snyder, Oklahoma Tornado of 10 May 1905: Weather Synopsis
2.Jump up ^ NOAA Central Library (May 9–11, 1905). "Daily Weather Maps". NOAA.
3.^ Jump up to: a b NWS Norman, Oklahoma - The Snyder, Oklahoma Tornado of 10 May 1905: Aftermath
External links[edit]
NWS Norman, Oklahoma page on the Snyder tornado
[hide]
v ·
t ·
e
25 deadliest US tornadoes
Rank
Name (location)
Date
Deaths
1
"Tri-State" (Missouri, Illinois and Indiana) March 18, 1925 695
2
Natchez, Mississippi May 6, 1840 317
3
St. Louis, Missouri and East St. Louis, Illinois May 27, 1896 255
4
Tupelo, Mississippi April 5, 1936 216
5
Gainesville, Georgia April 6, 1936 203
6
Woodward, Oklahoma April 9, 1947 181
7
Joplin, Missouri May 22, 2011 162
8
Amite, Louisiana and Purvis, Mississippi April 24, 1908 143
9
New Richmond, Wisconsin June 12, 1899 117
10
Flint, Michigan
June 8, 1953
116
11
- - -
Waco, Texas
Goliad, Texas May 11, 1953
May 18, 1902 114
114
13
Omaha, Nebraska March 23, 1913 103
14
Mattoon, Illinois May 26, 1917 101
15
Shinnston, West Virginia June 23, 1944 100
16
Marshfield, Missouri April 18, 1880 99
17
- - -
Gainesville and Holland, Georgia
Poplar Bluff, Missouri June 1, 1903
May 9, 1927 98
98
19
Snyder, Oklahoma May 10, 1905 97
20
Worcester, Massachusetts June 9, 1953 94
21
Camanche, Iowa June 3, 1860 92
22
Natchez, Mississippi April 24, 1908 91
23
Starkville, Mississippi and Waco, Alabama April 20, 1920 88
24
Lorain and Sandusky, Ohio June 28, 1924 85
25
Udall, Kansas May 25, 1955 80
Sources: Storm Prediction Center: The 25 Deadliest U.S. Tornadoes, SPC Annual U.S. Killer Tornado Statistics, Tornado Project
Categories: F5 tornadoes
Tornadoes of 1905
Tornadoes in Oklahoma
1905 in the United States
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http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1905_Snyder,_Oklahoma_tornado
1908 Dixie tornado outbreak
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The 1908 Dixie tornado outbreak was a destructive tornado outbreak that affected portions of the Great Plains, the Midwest, and the Southern United States from April 23–25, 1908. The outbreak produced at least 29 tornadoes in 13 states, with a total of at least 324 tornado-related deaths. Of these deaths, 83% were caused by three tornadoes which have been posthumously rated violent F4s on the modern Fujita scale. These three tornadoes, each of them probably a tornado family,[1] left a cumulative path length of at least 265 miles (426 km) and injured at least 1,358 people, yet caused only 84 of their deaths in cities: most of the deaths were in rural areas, often African American, and consequently may have been undercounted. One of the three deadliest tornadoes in the outbreak occurred on the same day, April 25, as that of the other two; reportedly attained a maximum width of at least 2 miles (3.2 km) or larger; and killed a minimum of 143 people along its path, at least 73 (51%) of them in the U.S. state of Mississippi. The 73 deaths made the tornado the third deadliest in Mississippi history, following the 1936 Tupelo F5, with 216 deaths, and the 1840 Natchez tornado (317 deaths).[2]
In addition to the Purvis tornado, the outbreak generated five other violent tornadoes in two days. The first two of these struck in Nebraska and Texas on April 23, collectively killing four people. The remaining three developed in Louisiana and Alabama the next day. A large and intense, pre-dawn tornado began early in the morning southeast of Alexandria, Louisiana, and produced a devastating path of damage into Concordia Parish and thence into Mississippi, killing 91 people. Another tornado developed in the afternoon over Northern Alabama, moving diagonally to the northeast and killing 35 people in rural areas. The final of the three F4s on April 25 hit extreme East Alabama and crossed into West Georgia, killing 11 people and leveling small homes. Besides these tornadoes, one other tornado killed at least 10 people in Georgia. The 1908 Dixie outbreak is tied with the April 25–28, 2011 tornado outbreak for fourth-deadliest continuous tornado outbreak in American history and April 24 is the only single day in United States history to have two separate tornadoes kill 90 people or more..
Contents [hide]
1 Confirmed tornadoes 1.1 April 23 event
1.2 April 24 event
1.3 April 25 event
2 Notable tornadoes 2.1 Concordia Parish, Louisiana/near Natchez, Mississippi
2.2 Amite, Louisiana/Purvis, Mississippi
2.3 Bergens/Albertville, Alabama
3 See also
4 References 4.1 Bibliography
5 Notes
Confirmed tornadoes[edit]
Confirmed
Total Confirmed
F0 Confirmed
F1 Confirmed
F2 Confirmed
F3 Confirmed
F4 Confirmed
F5
31+ ? ? 22 3 5 1
April 23 event[edit]
[hide]List of confirmed tornadoes - April 23, 1908
F#
Location
County
Time (UTC)
Path length
Damage
South Dakota
F2 W of Valley Springs to E of Benclare Minnehaha, Rock(MN) 1830 5 miles (8.0 km) Tornado struck three farms, destroying stables and tearing roofs from homes. A racehorse was killed.[3]
Texas
F2 Oak Grove Red River, Bowie, McCurtain(OK) 2215 15 miles (24 km) Tornado struck the town of Oak Grove, destroying 10 homes and a store. A school was destroyed only a half hour after the students were dismissed. Only the foundation blocks remained at the school. Tornado crossed into Oklahoma before dissipating. 7 people were injured.[3]
F2 Clifton to Coyote Bosque 0000 10 miles (16 km) Two homes in Clifton were lifted and "crashed together in mid-air". Water was thrown 500 feet (150 m) into the air as the tornado crossed the Bosque River, and trees along the river were thrown up to half a mile away. Buildings were damaged near Coyote as well. 10 people were injured.[4]
F4 Deport to W of Fulbright Red River, Lamar 0000 10 miles (16 km) 1 death — The business center and 25 homes in eastern Deport were devastated. Two churches and a cotton oil mill were destroyed as well. House debris was scattered for two miles, and six people were injured. Caused about $125,000 in damage.[4]
F3 S of Rice Navarro 0030 7 miles (11 km) 3+ deaths — Half-mile wide tornado struck the Thompson farm, destroying the manager's house, 14 tenant houses, and all barns on the property. Three people died in one of the tenant houses. Several other farm homes were damaged or destroyed along the path. Six others were injured. May have continued into Wood County and caused four additional fatalities.[4]
F2 S of Daingerfield Morris 0300 10 miles (16 km) 13 homes were destroyed at a sawmill community. A farmhouse was destroyed and three others were damaged further along the path. Five people were injured.[4]
Arkansas
F2 W of Foreman to S of DeQueen Little River, Sevier 2230 11 miles (18 km) 3 deaths — A family of three was killed in a house that was blown away near the beginning of the path. Leaves and twigs rained from the sky in DeQueen.[4]
F2 Hector Pope unknown unknown 3 deaths — Tornado damaged or destroyed all of the small town of Hector, killing three people and injuring 20.[4]
Iowa
F2 W of Inwood Lyon 2230 10 miles (16 km) Over 100 head of livestock were killed along the path, including 81 hogs and several sheep. Barns were damaged and a school was blown apart only a half hour after students were dismissed.[4]
Nebraska
F5 SW of Pender to S of Thurston Cuming, Thurston 0000 15 miles (24 km) 3 deaths — Multiple farms were devastated, including one where all buildings were destroyed, and a well-built two-story house was swept completely away. Three fatalities occurred at that location. Shingles and a picture from one of the farms rained from the sky in the town of Goodwin, 35 miles (56 km) away. 10 people were injured.[4]
Sources: Grazulis (1991)[3][4]
April 24 event[edit]
[hide]List of confirmed tornadoes - April 24, 1908
F#
Location
County
Time (UTC)
Path length
Damage
Mississippi
F2 Walls DeSoto 0830 7 miles (11 km) Struck the south side of Walls. Three homes, a store, and the depot were torn apart. A station agent was injured.[4]
F2 Braxton area Simpson 1515 unknown Homes were destroyed at the north edge of town. 10 people were injured.[4]
F2 N of Wahalak to S of Shuqualak Kemper, Noxubee 1745 10 miles (16 km) 3 deaths — Three small homes were swept away near Wahalak.[4]
F2 N of Brooklyn to S of Janet Forrest, Perry, Greene 2045 25 miles (40 km) 5+ deaths — Fatalities occurred at a turpentine mill. Death toll may have been as high as seven.[4]
Tennessee
F2 Mason Fayette, Tipton 0900 3 miles (4.8 km) Two homes and three churches were destroyed in Mason.[5]
F2 SE of Memphis Shelby 0900 5 miles (8.0 km) A dozen homes were unroofed or torn apart in the Buntyn area, near present-day Buntyn Street southeast of downtown Memphis.[5]
F3 Stamper to E of Cleveland Bradley 0300 10 miles (16 km) 1 deaths — Worst damage occurred near Climer. Five homes were destroyed, and buildings were damaged or destroyed on 20 farms. Eight people were injured.[5]
Louisiana
F4 N of Lecompte to SE of Port Gibson, MS Rapides, Avoyelles, Catahoula, Concordia, Adams(MS), Jefferson(MS), Claiborne(MS) 1100 105 miles (169 km) 91 deaths — See section on this tornado — Caused extreme damage to large plantations and "dismantled" large estates.[4]
F4 N of Livingston to Richton, MS Livingston, St. Helena, Tangipahoa, Washington, Marion(MS), Lamar(MS), Forrest(MS), Perry(MS), Wayne(MS) 1745 155 miles (249 km) 143 deaths — See section on this tornado — Reportedly more than 2 miles (3.2 km) wide for much of path[6] through Louisiana and Mississippi,[7] producing F4 damage in both states.[4] Eighth-deadliest tornado ever recorded in the United States.[2]
Alabama
F4 SW of Dora to N of Sylvania Walker, Jefferson, Blount, Marshall, DeKalb 2040 > 105 miles (169 km) 35 deaths — See section on this tornado — Caused relatively few injuries in a sparsely-populated region.[4]
F4 Bluffton to E of Cave Spring, GA Cherokee, Polk(GA), Floyd(GA) 0110 16 miles (26 km) 11 deaths — Touched down in Bluffton, damaging every building in town and killing one person there.[5] Tornado crossed into Georgia and killed three people near Hematie, northeast of Etna. Seven other people were killed near Cave Spring as several small homes were destroyed.[5] Debris from the homes was carried for miles, and four bodies were carried over a quarter of a mile. 50 people were injured.[5]
F2 Fort Deposit Lowndes 0300 5 miles (8.0 km) 2 deaths — 50 buildings were damaged or destroyed in Fort Deposit and 22 others were injured. One of the fatalities occurred as a man was caught in the open after running from a dance hall.
F2 NE of Montgomery Montgomery, Elmore 0310 4 miles (6.4 km) A barn and a small building were destroyed.[5]
Illinois
F2 Thomasboro to Rantoul Champaign 2330 6 miles (9.7 km) Homes were unroofed.
Sources: Grazulis (1991)[4][5]
April 25 event[edit]
[hide]List of confirmed tornadoes - April 23, 1908
F#
Location
County
Time (UTC)
Path length
Damage
Georgia
F2 Downtown Atlanta area Fulton 0500 unknown A tornado hit Central Avenue in Downtown Atlanta, shifting one home off its foundation and destroying half of another. It is one of only two known tornadoes to have struck Downtown Atlanta,[8] the other having occurred on March 14, 2008.
F3 Pine Mountain to S of Greenville Harris, Meriwether 0600 15 miles (24 km) 10 deaths — 90% of the deaths were in Pine Mountain, then called "Chipley", where the tornado destroyed 40 homes, four churches, and a hotel. A woman died on a farm southwest of town. Most other deaths occurred in small homes.[5]
F2 N of Columbus Muscogee 0630 2 miles (3.2 km) 2 deaths — Two people were killed in a dance pavilion that was serving as a temporary home. Numerous injuries were reported in another section of town where homes were destroyed.[5]
F2 W of Griffin to S of McDonough Spalding, Henry 0730 15 miles (24 km) 8 deaths — A tornado struck several frail homes at a mill, killing seven workers. It caused another death at nearby Locust Grove.[5]
F2 Poulan area Worth 1100 unknown Several homes and barns were destroyed near Poulan.[5]
F2 Chickamauga and Chattanooga National Military Park Walker 1830 3 miles (4.8 km) Severe damage in the park (then called Chickamauga National Historic Park), as at least 100 large trees were downed, some of which were thrown 300 yards into the air. Three historic homes were torn apart, and the roar was reportedly heard for miles.
F2 Diamond area Gilmer 2000 3 miles (4.8 km) Homes were unroofed and torn apart. Five people were injured.
Sources: Grazulis (1991)[4][5]
Notable tornadoes[edit]
Concordia Parish, Louisiana/near Natchez, Mississippi[edit]
The first of two major, long-tracked, violent tornadoes first began at about 5:00 a.m. CST just north of Lamourie. Upon touching down, the tornado immediately killed three people at Richland[6] and then four more at Ruby soon after touching down.[7] As it crossed into Avoyelles Parish, it caused 25 injuries between the communities of Effie and Center Point. Farther along the path, two more people were killed near New Era.[4] Upon crossing into Concordia Parish, the tornado rapidly widened to 700 yards (2,100 ft) or more and intensified,[7] destroying numerous large plantations.[4] At least 30 people died in Concordia Parish[9] as many tenant homes were completely leveled.[4] The massive tornado then crossed into Mississippi just north of Vidalia, Louisiana, and Natchez, Mississippi, devastating many more plantations, killing at least 30 more people, and injuring about 200, especially near "Pine Ridge".[4] Large antebellum mansions were destroyed, and witnesses reported that areas along the Mississippi River resembled a "deserted battlefield". The tornado then struck the Church Hill area, killing 21 people in frail tenant homes before dissipating near Tillman.[4] At least 400 people were injured along the path, though the actual total, as in other tornadoes this day, was likely higher as most newspapers in the South failed to list Black dead and injured, many of whom were poor sharecroppers.[10]
Amite, Louisiana/Purvis, Mississippi[edit]
The second of the two long-tracked F4s was one of the deadliest tornadoes in U.S. history. An exceptionally large and intense tornado, it first began at about 11:45 a.m. CST in Weiss, just north of Livingston, Louisiana.[7] Two people were killed at Denham Springs near the beginning of the path. Two others were killed near Montpelier as well.[4] The tornado then struck Amite directly, carving a path of destruction 2 miles (3.2 km)[7] wide through the town.[4] Many structures were completely destroyed in Amite, and 29 people were killed.[9] Four others were killed near Wilmer, along with nine additional fatalities occurring near Pine.[4] The tornado crossed into Mississippi, killing two before tearing through Purvis and devastating most of the town. Only seven of the 150 buildings were left standing, and 55 people were killed there.[4] Five other fatalities were documented in rural areas outside of Purvis as well. Four railroad crew workers were killed further along the path near McCallum, located 8 miles (13 km) to the south of Hattiesburg, as they tried seek shelter in a boxcar.[4] The boxcars were thrown 150 feet (46 m) and torn apart by the tornado. Several other fatalities occurred near Richton before the tornado dissipated.[4] At least 770 people were injured along the entire path, though the real total was likely higher, perhaps significantly so, as many minor injuries were probably ignored—an omission still common in contemporary tornado disasters.[11] With at least 143 deaths, the Amite–Purvis tornado is officially the eighth deadliest in U.S. history, though its long path may have actually consisted of two or more tornadoes.[4]
Bergens/Albertville, Alabama[edit]
A destructive tornado first began at about 2:40 p.m. CST in southeast Walker County, Alabama,[4] though its actual genesis may have occurred earlier.[12] It first touched down somewhere southwest of Dora and moved northeast,[13] whence it was seen to merge with a "black cloud," possibly another tornado which was then moving east and dissipating.[12] Quickly intensifying and widening to about 1,000 yards (0.57 mi), the tornado grew to F4 intensity[4] and struck the nearby village of Bergens.[12] According to reports, the damage swath on the west side of the tornado briefly shrunk as it neared Bergens, causing nearby residents of Dora to believe that a row of hills had deflected the winds from their town. In Bergens, the tornado completely destroyed most of the homes and "leveled" the village church and the store. Of the 42 homes in Bergens, only one remained undamaged, and almost 65% of them were destroyed.[12] A nearby depot in Bergens was also destroyed[14] and three of 10 boxcars sitting empty on the railroad were overturned; heavy boxcar parts were reportedly carried 100 feet (30 m) away.[12] Six people in Bergens died instantly and two more later expired of their injuries; of the 16 remaining injured, at least four more died to make the final death toll 12 at Bergens.[15]
Farther along the path, the tornado destroyed numerous homes in the village of Old Democrat, located 4 miles (6.4 km) northeast of Dora, killing two more people there.[14] Next, the "coal-black" funnel struck Warrior and the town of Wynnville, killing two people each at both locations.[12] Turning to the north-northeast, the tornado then crossed into Marshall County and struck Albertville, destroying half the town. An oil tank weighing 9 tonnes (20,000 lb) was carried .5 miles (2,600 ft) at this location, and a train was overturned and destroyed.[14] At least 15 people died in Albertville and 150 were injured, fully 80% of the injuries recorded for the entire tornado.[4] The tornado continued through heavily forested areas along the remainder of its path, possibly dissipating and reforming into a new tornado[4] which passed through Tenbroek and the north edge of Sylvania. After striking the north side of Sylvania, the tornado finally dissipated, having traveled at least 105 miles (169 km) and possibly as long as 125 miles (201 km)[13] within one hour and 35 minutes. Although the tornado killed 35 people, it only injured 188, likely due to the low population of the area impacted.[4]
See also[edit]
List of North American tornadoes and tornado outbreaks
References[edit]
1.Jump up ^ Grazulis, Significant, p. 56
2.^ Jump up to: a b Roger Edwards. "The 25 Deadliest U.S. Tornadoes". Storm Prediction Center.
3.^ Jump up to: a b c Grazulis, Significant, p. 712
4.^ Jump up to: a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa ab ac ad ae af ag ah ai Grazulis, Significant, p. 713
5.^ Jump up to: a b c d e f g h i j k l m Grazulis, Significant, p. 714
6.^ Jump up to: a b Heidorn, K. C. "Deadly Tornadoes of April 1908". Archived from the original on 2012-05-19.
7.^ Jump up to: a b c d e Cline, I. W. (1908). "Tornadoes in Louisiana, April 24, 1908". Monthly Weather Review (New Orleans, Louisiana: United States Weather Bureau) 36: 131–132. doi:10.1175/1520-0493(1908)36<131b:TILA>2.0.CO;2.
8.Jump up ^ Grazulis, SIgnificant, p. 209
9.^ Jump up to: a b Grazulis, The Tornado, p. 293
10.Jump up ^ Grazulis, Significant, p. 184
11.Jump up ^ Grazulis, The Tornado, p. 200
12.^ Jump up to: a b c d e f Lehman, W. F. (May 1908). "Tornado at Dora and Bergens, Ala., April 24, 1908". Monthly Weather Review (Birmingham, Alabama: United States Weather Bureau) 36: 134. doi:10.1175/1520-0493(1908)36<134:TADABA>2.0.CO;2.
13.^ Jump up to: a b Chaffee, F. P. (May 1908). "Tornadoes in Alabama, April 24 and 30, 1908". Monthly Weather Review (Montgomery, Alabama: United States Weather Bureau) 36: 133–134. doi:10.1175/1520-0493(1908)36<133:tiaaa>2.0.co;2.
14.^ Jump up to: a b c "Walker-Jefferson-Blount-Marshall- DeKalb F-4 Tornado April 24, 1908". Birmingham, Alabama: National Weather Service. Retrieved 16 May 2013.
15.Jump up ^ Grazulis, The Tornado, p. 295
Bibliography[edit]
Grazulis, Thomas P. (1993). Significant Tornadoes 1680-1991: A Chronology and Analysis of Events. Environmental Films. ISBN 1-879362-03-1.
— (2003). The Tornado: Nature’s Ultimate Windstorm. University of Oklahoma Press. ISBN 978-0-8061-3538-0.
[show]
v ·
t ·
e
25 deadliest US tornadoes
Notes[edit]
Categories: Tornado outbreaks with no Fujita scale ratings given
Tornadoes of 1908
Tornadoes in Louisiana
Tornadoes in Mississippi
1908 in the United States
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http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1908_Dixie_tornado_outbreak
Late-April 1909 tornado outbreak
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April 1909 tornado outbreak
Date(s)
April 29-May 1, 1909
Duration
~1½ day
Tornadoes caused
≥ 37
Maximum rated tornado
F4 (Fujita scale)
Damages
≥ $
Casualties
≥ 164
The late-April 1909 tornado outbreak was a deadly tornado outbreak that affected much of the central and Southern United States between April 29 and May 1, 1909. Affecting particularly the Mississippi and Tennessee Valleys, it killed over 150 people, 60 of them in the U.S. state of Tennessee alone. It was the deadliest known tornado outbreak to affect Tennessee until March 21, 1952, when 64 people died statewide. 45 in 1974 To this day, the 1909 outbreak remains the second-deadliest on record in Tennessee—even the April 3–4, 1974, Super Outbreak and the February 5–6, 2008, Super Tuesday outbreak produced just 45 and 31 deaths each in the state.[1]
Contents [hide]
1 Meteorological synopsis 1.1 Historical perspective
2 Confirmed tornadoes 2.1 April 29 event
2.2 April 30 event
3 See also
4 References 4.1 Bibliography
Meteorological synopsis[edit]
During the late afternoon and the overnight hours of April 29, 1909, numerous strong to violent tornadoes affected the areas of northern Alabama, eastern Arkansas, southern Illinois, northern Mississippi, southeastern Missouri, and western Tennessee (the NWS Memphis, Tennessee, coverage area). In that general area, at least 55 were killed by tornadoes.
The deadliest tornado touched down just south of the Tennessee-Mississippi state line in Desoto County and tracked east-northeast for about 125 miles (201 km) across Shelby, Fayette, Hardeman, Chester, Henderson and Decatur Counties. While it was estimated to be an F4, some reports indicate that there was more than one tornado. Among the towns affected were Horn Lake, Mississippi, where about half of the fatalities were recorded, and Whitehaven, Tennessee, where the tornado damaged 30 homes. The parent supercell thunderstorm continued on to produce additional tornadoes in Scott County.
North of Memphis, Tennessee, two F3 tornadoes killed a total of 22 from Crittenden County, Arkansas, to Carroll County, Tennessee. Homes were destroyed in Marion, Arkansas, resulting in five deaths in Arkansas. In Tennessee, the town of Locke was mostly destroyed by the first F3 tornado. The second F3 tornado flattened structures near Covington and Medina. Several of the injured people who later died were plantation workers. A family of tornadoes also affected later Hickman and Williamson Counties southwest of Nashville and later moved into Cookeville and Putnam Counties. Three other tornadoes killed four people in the Memphis coverage area, including in St. Francis and Lee Counties in Arkansas and Haywood County in Tennessee.
Other F4 recorded were reported in Missouri near Golden, in Illinois near Texas City, and in south-central Tennessee near Bee Springs, just north of the Alabama state line. 11 deaths were recorded in the Missouri storm, 5 near Texas City and 29 along the Alabama-Tennessee state line. The Bee Springs tornado touched down in northernmost Limestone County, Alabama, before crossing the into Lincoln and Giles Counties in Tennessee. Hardest-hit areas were in and around Pulaski, Bryson and Fayetteville. Another strong tornado struck Franklin County near Decherd.[2]
Historical perspective[edit]
The April 1909 outbreak was part of an active and deadly year nationally for tornadoes. The 77 killer tornadoes recorded in the year 1909 marked an all-time yearly record for the number of killer tornadoes, a total that was only equaled in the year 1917.[3] However, the 1909 outbreak did not produce any F5 tornadoes on the Fujita scale; only one such event occurred in Tennessee on April 16, 1998.[4]
Confirmed tornadoes[edit]
Confirmed
Total Confirmed
F0 Confirmed
F1 Confirmed
F2 Confirmed
F3 Confirmed
F4 Confirmed
F5
≥ 35 ? ? 24 7 4 0
April 29 event[edit]
[show]List of confirmed tornadoes - April 29, 1909
April 30 event[edit]
[show]List of confirmed tornadoes - April 30, 1909
See also[edit]
List of North American tornadoes and tornado outbreaks
References[edit]
1.^ Jump up to: a b Nunn, Roscoe (November 1921). "Tornadoes, with Special Reference to Those That Have Occurred in Tennessee". U.S. Weather Bureau. Mark A. Rose / National Weather Service. Archived from the original on 2009-05-10. Retrieved 17 December 2012. "But the most disastrous tornadoes, so far as we have record, in Tennessee, occurred on April 29, 1909, when 60 perople were killed."
2.Jump up ^ Rose, M. A. (2004). "A tornado climatology of middle Tennessee (1830-2003)". NWAS Electronic Journal of Operational Meteorology (National Weather Association) 5 (4): 1–12. Retrieved 18 December 2012.
3.Jump up ^ Grazulis, Thomas P. (2003). The Tornado: Nature's Ultimate Windstorm. University of Oklahoma Press. p. 352. ISBN 978-0806135380.
4.Jump up ^ Gordon, John D.; Bobby Boyd; Mark A. Rose; Jason B. Wright (2000). "The Forgotten F5: The Lawrence County Supercell During the Middle Tennessee Tornado Outbreak of 16 April 1998". National Weather Digest (National Weather Association) 24 (4): 3–10. "The authors sent a detailed letter to the SPC recommending the two tornadoes from 1974, and the 1952 tornado mentioned above, be downgraded to F4. The SPC agreed to all three of these changes. The SPC database now reflects the conclusions of Professor Fujita's map of 1974, and Grazulis 1952 tornado report (1993). ... The authors suggested that the three former F5 tornadoes in Tennessee should be reclassified as F4. These changes have been adopted, making the 16 April 1998 Lawrence County tornado the only documented F5 in the history of Tennessee."
Bibliography[edit]
Grazulis, Thomas P. (1993). Significant Tornadoes 1680-1991: A Chronology and Analysis of Events. Environmental Films. ISBN 1-879362-03-1.
— (2003). The Tornado: Nature’s Ultimate Windstorm. University of Oklahoma Press. ISBN 978-0-8061-3538-0.
Categories: Tornadoes of 1909
F4 tornadoes
Tornadoes in Tennessee
Tornadoes in Missouri
Tornadoes in Alabama
Tornadoes in Illinois
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http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Late-April_1909_tornado_outbreak
Great Blue Norther of November 11, 1911
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The Great Blue Norther of November 11, 1911 was a cold snap that affected the central United States on Saturday, November 11, 1911. Many cities broke record highs, going into the 70s and 80s early that afternoon. By nightfall, cities were dealing with temperatures in the teens and single-digits on the Fahrenheit scale. This is the only day in many midwest cities' weather bureau jurisdictions where the record highs and lows were broken for the same day. Some cities experienced tornadoes on Saturday and a blizzard on Sunday.[1] A blizzard even occurred within one hour after an F4 tornado hit Rock County, Wisconsin.
The main cause of such a dramatic cold snap was an extremely strong storm system separating warm, humid air from frigid, arctic air. Dramatic cold snaps tend to occur mostly in the month of November, though they can also come in February or March.[2]
Contents [hide]
1 Kansas City
2 Springfield, Missouri
3 Oklahoma City
4 Anomalous weather
5 Tornado outbreak
6 References
Kansas City[edit]
Temperatures in Kansas City had reached a record high of 76° F (24 °C) by late morning before the front moved through. As the cold front approached, the winds increased turning from southeast to northwest. By midnight, the temperature had dropped to 11° F (−11.7 °C), a 65 Fahrenheit degree (35 celsius degree) difference in 14 hours.[2]
Springfield, Missouri[edit]
In Springfield, the temperature difference was even more extreme. Springfield was at 80 °F (27 °C) at about 3:45 PM, before the cold front moved through. Fifteen minutes later, the temperature was at 40 °F (4 °C) with winds blasting out of the northwest at 40 mph (64 km/h). By 7:00 P.M. Central Standard Time (01:00 UTC 12 November) the temperature had dropped a further 20 °F (3.9 °C), and by midnight, a record low of 13 °F (−11 °C) was established. It was the first time since records had been kept for Springfield when the record high and record low were broken in the same day. The freak temperature difference was also a record breaker: 67 °F (37 °C) in 10 hours.[2]
Oklahoma City[edit]
Record highs and lows were established on the same day in Oklahoma City as well with a high of 83 °F (28 °C) and low of 17 °F (−8 °C); temperature difference: 66 °F (19 °C). Both records still holds to this day.[3]
Anomalous weather[edit]
The front produced severe weather and tornadoes across the upper Mississippi Valley, a blizzard in Ohio, and the windy conditions upon front passage caused a dust storm in Oklahoma.[2]
Tornado outbreak[edit]
Alongside the dramatic temperature swings, the cold front brought a destructive tornado outbreak to parts of the Midwest. At least nine tornadoes touched down across five states as the system moved through, resulting in 13 fatalities. Hundreds of structures were destroyed by the storms and many areas had to conduct search and rescue missions amidst blizzard conditions. According to Thomas P. Grazulis, this outbreak was one of the worst on record in November for the north-central States.[4]
[hide]List of reported tornadoes – Saturday, November 11, 1911
F#
Location
County
Time (CST)
Path length
Comments/Damage
Iowa
F2 W of Davenport Scott 12:55 p.m. 9 miles (14 km) The first known tornado of the outbreak touched down 1 mi (1.6 km) west of Davenport and tracked northeast. Along its path, five farms sustained damage and a barn was destroyed. One person was injured by the tornado.[5]
Illinois
F2 Virginia area Cass 4:00 p.m. 18 miles (29 km) Tornado touched down near Arenzville and tracked northeast into the town of Virginia. There, about 100 structures were damaged or destroyed. The worst damage occurred on the west side of town where 30 homes and businesses, including a church and high school, were destroyed. Overall, 18 people were injured by the tornado and losses reached $150,000.[5]
F3 S of Easton Mason 4:45 p.m. 11 miles (18 km) 2 deaths – A strong tornado touched down south of Easton and destroyed several homes. Two people were killed in separate incidents near the town. Nine other people were injured by the tornado and losses reached $20,000.[5]
F2 E of Aurora Dupage 5:30 p.m. 4 miles (6.4 km) A tornado touched down east of Aurora and damaged several buildings. One home lost its roof and another was struck by debris from a barn. The tornado was last noted moving into the "big woods" northeast of Aurora. Losses from the storm reached $10,000.[5]
F? Unknown Cass Unknown Unknown A study in 1993 chronicling all tornadoes in Illinois prior to 1916 revealed that a tornado touched down in Cass County and injured 12 people.[6]
F? Unknown Kankakee Unknown Unknown A study in 1993 chronicling all tornadoes in Illinois prior to 1916 revealed that a tornado touched down in Kankakee County.[6]
F? Unknown Cumberland Unknown Unknown A study in 1993 chronicling all tornadoes in Illinois prior to 1916 revealed that a tornado touched down in Cumberland County.[6]
Indiana
F3 Leroy to S of Michigan City Lake, Porter 7:00 p.m. 30 miles (48 km) A strong, long-lived tornado first touched down near Leroy and tracked northeast to Michigan City. The most significant damage took pace near Lake Eliza where a school was destroyed. Debris from the building was tossed up to 2 mi (3.2 km) away. Another school in Jackson Township was also destroyed. Along the tornado's path, buildings were destroyed on 15 farms. One person was picked up and tossed to his neighbor's house by the storm. According to Thomas P. Grazulis, this tornado was likely a tornado family and not a single, continuous event.[5]
F? Terre Haute area Vigo 9:10 p.m. ≥0.5 miles (0.80 km) Apparent tornado struck Terre Haute and injured three people. Touching down in the heart of the town, the tornado soon struck a grocery store, blowing out lights and windows. Several barns along the tornado's path were completely destroyed or flattened. One home in the city was flattened and swept clean off its foundation, leaving just an underground cellar behind. The second floor of the John Rankin School was destroyed. The caboose of a train in the town was thrown off the tracks, injuring the occupants.[7]
F2 Waterloo area DeKalb 10:00 p.m. 5 miles (8.0 km) A significant tornado struck the town of Waterloo, damaging or destroying at least 100 structures. An opera house in Waterloo collapsed due to the tornado. Just outside of town, several farms were also severely damaged. Losses from the storm reached $75,000.[4]
F? Bedford area Lawrence ~10:00 p.m. Unknown A possible tornado caused extensive damage in Bedford, with losses reaching $500,000. This may have been the same tornado that struck Waterloo.[4]
Wisconsin
F4 SW of Janesville to N of Milton Rock 8:00 p.m. 18 miles (29 km) 9 deaths – The most powerful tornado of the outbreak caused extensive damage from Janesville to Milton. Dozens of homes and businesses were completely destroyed in Janesville, trapping many residents. Eight people were killed and fifty others were injured in the town. Several farms were also leveled near Milton. The ninth fatality took place in this area. Overall losses from the tornado reached $500,000.[4]
Michigan
F2 SE of Battle Creek Calhoun 10:00 p.m. Unknown Tornado touched down well to the southeast of Battle Creek. Several barns were leveled and homes were damaged.[4]
F? Kingsland area Eaton ~10:00 p.m. Unknown Possible tornado killed horses and cattle.[4]
F2 Laingsburg to Owosso Shiawassee 11:05 p.m. 12 miles (19 km) 2 deaths – Extensive damage took place in Laingsburg. Five factories and twenty homes were destroyed. Two people were killed when the upper floor of their home collapsed on them. Twenty-one people were injured throughout the town. Just outside of Laingsburg, 15 barns were destroyed by the tornado. Overall losses from the storm reached $500,000.[4]
References[edit]
GeneralGrazulis, Thomas P. (November 1990). Significant Tornadoes 1880–1989 2. St. Johnsbury, Vermont: The Tornado Project of Environmental Films. ISBN 1-879362-02-3.
Specific
1.Jump up ^ "Waterloo Swept By Cyclone; Cutting Swath Through the Business Section of Town". The Fort Wayne Journal Gazette. Nov 12, 1911. Retrieved November 11, 2011.
2.^ Jump up to: a b c d Albert, Drew (October 2003). "The Great "Blue Norther" of November 11, 1911". Ozarks Weather Observer. Retrieved November 11, 2011.
3.Jump up ^ "The Great Blue Norther of November 11, 1911". National Weather Service Weather Forecast Office - Norman, Oklahoma. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. March 12, 2014. Retrieved May 17, 2014.
4.^ Jump up to: a b c d e f g Grazulis, p. 125
5.^ Jump up to: a b c d e Grazulis, p. 124
6.^ Jump up to: a b c Wayne M. Wendland and Herbert Hoffman (1993). "Illinois Tornadoes Prior to 1916" (PDF). Transactions of the Illinois State Academy of Science 86 (1): 7. Retrieved March 18, 2012.
7.Jump up ^ Mike McCormick (December 25, 2011). "Historical Perspective: November 1911 tornado causes havoc in city, county". Tribune Star. Retrieved March 18, 2012.
Categories: Cold waves in the United States
1911 in the United States
1911 meteorology
F4 tornadoes
Tornadoes in Illinois
Tornadoes in Indiana
Tornadoes in Iowa
Tornadoes in Michigan
Tornadoes in Wisconsin
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http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Great_Blue_Norther_of_November_11,_1911
April 20‑22, 1912 tornado outbreak
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
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Wiki letter w.svg
April 20–22, 1912 tornado outbreak
Date(s)
April 20–22, 1912
Duration
~2 days
Tornadoes caused
≥ 31
Maximum rated tornado
F4 (Fujita scale)
Damages
Unknown
Casualties
56
The April 20–22, 1912 tornado outbreak was a large tornado outbreak that affected portions of the High Plains, the Upper Midwest, and the Southern United States, including portions of the Dallas–Fort Worth metroplex, from April 20–22, 1912. The severe-weather event produced at least 31 tornadoes, at least nine—and possibly 10 or more—of which were violent tornadoes, all of which rated F4 on the Fujita scale. Powerful tornado activity was distributed from the Great Plains to South Carolina. The first day of the outbreak occurred on April 20 and produced numerous strong to violent tornadoes across parts of North Texas, Oklahoma, and Kansas. A second day of intense tornadoes occurred on April 21, with several strong to violent tornadoes across Illinois and Indiana. The final day, April 22, produced an F4 tornado in Georgia as well. The entire outbreak killed 56 people, and was followed days later by another intense tornado outbreak on April 27. That outbreak killed about 40 people, mostly in Oklahoma. Both outbreaks produced a combined total of nine F4 tornadoes in Oklahoma alone.
Contents [hide]
1 Tornado table
2 Confirmed tornadoes 2.1 April 20
2.2 April 21
2.3 April 22
3 See also
4 Notes
5 References 5.1 Bibliography
Tornado table[edit]
Confirmed
Total Confirmed
F? Confirmed
F0 Confirmed
F1 Confirmed
F2 Confirmed
F3 Confirmed
F4 Confirmed
F5
≥ 31 1 ? ? 12 9 9 0
Confirmed tornadoes[edit]
April 20[edit]
List of confirmed tornadoes - April 20, 1912[nb 1]
F#
Location
County / Parish
State
Time (UTC)
Path length
Max width
Summary
F1 Taylor area Williamson TX unknown unknown unknown 1 death – A tornado destroyed frail structures, killing a man and injuring his wife.[1]
F3 Alvord to S of Rosston Wise, Cooke TX 2100 22 miles (35 km) 150 yd (140 m) The first of four strong tornadoes to hit North Texas on April 20 destroyed nine homes and a church as it passed through Alvord. The tornado then destroyed farms near "Audubon" and "Dan", scattering debris for miles around. It later struck 12 more barns and homes 3 miles (4.8 km) south of Rosston. 10 people were injured along the path.[1]
F4 SE of Rush Center to Bison Rush KS 2100 15 miles (24 km) 400 yd (370 m) 2 deaths – An intense tornado leveled entire farms near Rush Center and almost obliterated 12 farms in its path. Debris was reported 8 miles (13 km) from the destroyed farms. The tornado also destroyed or damaged approximately 50 homes in Bison, or about half of the town, with losses estimated at $70,000. An elderly farmer who dismissed the danger was killed with his daughter on a farm near Bison. 15 people were injured along the path.[1]
F4 W of Yukon to E of Edmond Canadian, Oklahoma OK 2145 20 miles (32 km) 200 yd (180 m) 1 death – A tornado leveled a schoolhouse and two farms in its path. Students departed from the school only 15 minutes before the tornado arrived. The tornado resembled a large elephant's trunk as it passed just 15 mi (24 km) northwest of Oklahoma City.[2]
F3 E of Nashville to NE of Willowdale Kingman KS 2145 15 miles (24 km) 100 yd (91 m) A tornado injured two people near both ends of its path.[2]
F3 NW of Waldron Harper KS 2200 7 miles (11 km) 200 yd (180 m) 1 death – A powerful, widely-visible tornado caused devastation to six farms. It killed one person and caused five of eight injuries on one farm. The funnel may have reached F4 intensity as it passed between Waldron and Corwin.[2]
F3 NW of Arcadia to N of Fallis Oklahoma, Logan, Lincoln OK 2220 15 miles (24 km) 300 yd (270 m) A tornado destroyed at least six farmhouses.[2]
F4 SW of Hennessey Kingfisher OK 2230 12 miles (19 km) 0.5 mi (800 m) 2 deaths – A very intense tornado swept away farms near Hennessey before entering town and causing some F4 damage in Hennessey. 15 homes were reported destroyed in Hennessey, with losses reaching approximately $100,000.[2] Some sources indicate that the tornado may have reached F5 intensity.[3][4]
F2 NW of Nashville to Penalosa Harper, Kingman KS 2300 25 miles (40 km) unknown Only one barn was reported destroyed.[2]
F4 SE of Perry to SW of Ralston Noble, Pawnee OK 2330 30 miles (48 km) 0.5 mi (800 m) 3 deaths – A destructive tornado swept away 12 homes as it struck approximately 25 farms in its path. All three deaths occurred 10 miles (16 km) east of Perry.[2]
F3 NW of Orlando to Perry Noble OK 2330 10 miles (16 km) unknown A tornado injured 14 people and damaged or destroyed about 50 buildings before ending as a downburst in Perry. One hotel lost its second story in Perry.[2]
F3 S of Princeton to NE of Farmersville Collin TX 2330 9 miles (14 km) 300 yd (270 m) 2 deaths – A tornado damaged 20 homes and tore apart six others. Two children died, one each in different farm houses. The funnel briefly lifted while passing over Farmersville, but then touched down again northeast of town.[2]
F4 N of Poolville to Boyd Wise TX 0000 15 miles (24 km) 300 yd (270 m) 4 deaths – One of two violent tornadoes to hit North Texas on April 20 leveled at least 10 farms and numerous barns, scattering debris for miles. The tornado also destroyed and blew away an iron bridge. The bodies of the victims were found 200 yards (600 ft) from their homesite.[2]
F4 W of Roanoke to S of Lewisville Denton TX 0300 18 miles (29 km) 0.5 mi (800 m) 1 death – A huge, intense tornado swept away at least five farms in its path. It first passed just .5 miles (0.80 km) north of Roanoke, then moved directly through Flower Mound, killing a male child and severely injuring his family. The tornado maimed or killed much livestock, but its audibility allowed most people to seek shelter in time.[2]
April 21[edit]
List of confirmed tornadoes - April 21, 1912[nb 1]
F#
Location
County / Parish
State
Time (UTC)
Path length
Max width
Summary
F3 NE of Streator to N of Coal City La Salle, Grundy IL 2200 20 miles (32 km) 200 yd (180 m) This tornado produced near-F4 damage to two farmsites that were swept away north of Kinsman and Verona. The damage may have been F4 in intensity, but too few details were available to assign that rating. Most of the 37 injuries occurred in barns.[2]
F2 Rowell area to E of Clinton DeWitt IL 2230 11 miles (18 km) 70 yd (64 m) A tornado unroofed, damaged, or destroyed barns on 15 farmsites. Its path passed just .5 mi (0.80 km) southeast of where an F4 tornado hit on May 18, 1883.[2][5]
F3 SW of Dwight to W of Kankakee Livingston, Kankakee IL 2235 26 miles (42 km) 200 yd (180 m) 5 deaths – Three people died in one family as their farmhouse was destroyed near Reddick. The tornado destroyed farm buildings east of Reddick. Two women died in a collapsed stone barn.[2]
F2 Chatsworth Livingston IL 2335 6 miles (9.7 km) 50 yd (46 m) A short-lived tornado unroofed homes on the south side of Chatsworth.[2]
F4 N of Crescent City, IL to NE of Morocco, IN Iroquois (IL), Newton (IN) IL, IN 0000 25 miles (40 km) 200 yd (180 m) 9 deaths – This tornado swept away farms north of Pittwood and east of Donovan. Six people in one family and their hired hand died on one of the farms. A wood stove was moved .5 mi (0.80 km). Two children also died northwest of Morocco in Indiana.[2]
F2 Saint George, IL area to W of Lowell, IN Kankakee (IL), Lake (IN) IL, IN 0000 13 miles (21 km) 100 yd (91 m) A tornado unroofed homes and destroyed a building in a brickyard at Grant Park. Barns were leveled on six farms in Indiana.[2]
F4 N of Murphysboro to Pershing Jackson, Williamson, Franklin IL 0005 20 miles (32 km) 400 yd (370 m) 11 deaths – This tornado roughly paralleled the path of the 1925 Tri-State tornado. It touched down 3 mi (4.8 km) north of Murphysboro and moved east-northeast. The tornado leveled farms near Murphysboro, killing a person. Seven people died as frail homes were destroyed in Bush. There, damage to railroad property reached $25,000 and damage to mining property over $100,000 (1912 USD). Two people died as their farm was swept away 6 mi (9.7 km) north of Herrin.[2] Observers reported that the tornado divided into several parts as it moved along—a possible reference to multiple vortices.[6]
F? N of Murphysboro Jackson IL unknown unknown unknown Tornadic storm hit 6 mi (9.7 km) north of Murphysboro. No details are available.[6]
F3 NNW of Rensselaer Jasper IN 0100 7 miles (11 km) unknown 1 death – This tornado destroyed homes, barns, and a church as it passed through Union Township, killing a person running for shelter.[2]
F2 S of Wellington Iroquois IL 0100 10 miles (16 km) 70 yd (64 m) A tornado unroofed homes.[2]
F2 SW of Willisville Randolph, Perry IL 0110 8 miles (13 km) 70 yd (64 m) 3 deaths – A tornado destroyed or damaged 16 homes as it passed across southeast Willisville. Three deaths occurred in two homes.[7]
F2 SW of Dale Hamilton IL 0230 7 miles (11 km) 200 yd (180 m) 1 death – A tornado unroofed or shifted homes off their foundations.[7]
April 22[edit]
List of confirmed tornadoes - April 22, 1912[nb 1]
F#
Location
County / Parish
State
Time (UTC)
Path length
Max width
Summary
F2 Adamsville to Brookside Jefferson AL unknown 10 miles (16 km) unknown 1 death – One person died at Pinkney City. The tornado damaged or destroyed more than 100 homes. One baby may have been transported 1 mi (1.6 km), unharmed.[7]
F2 Waldron Harper KS unknown unknown unknown 1 death – A tornado destroyed homes.[7]
F2 Near Sargent to NW of Madras Coweta GA 1000 6 miles (9.7 km) unknown 1 death – A tornado destroyed three tenant homes.[7]
F2 N of Hampton to near McDonough Henry GA 1200 7 miles (11 km) 200 yd (180 m) A tornado unroofed large homes and leveled small ones. Many farm animals were reported dead. The tornado passed 4 mi (6.4 km) north of Locust Grove.[7]
F4 SE of Newborn Jasper, Newton, Morgan GA 1230 20 miles (32 km) 0.5 mi (800 m) 6 deaths – A large and intense tornado swept away 12 homes, carrying debris for miles around. Some of the deaths occurred in or near "Pitts Chapel." Survivors reportedly failed to even detect the tornado as it approached.[7]
F2 Aiken Aiken SC 1615 unknown 300 yd (270 m) A tornado unroofed many structures on the south side of Aiken.[7]
See also[edit]
List of North American tornadoes and tornado outbreaks
Notes[edit]
1.^ Jump up to: a b c All dates are based on the local time zone where the tornado touched down; however, all times are in Coordinated Universal Time for consistency.
References[edit]
1.^ Jump up to: a b c Grazulis, Significant Tornadoes, 731
2.^ Jump up to: a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t Grazulis, Significant Tornadoes, 732
3.Jump up ^ Neal Lott, Sam McCown, and Tom Ross (August 2000). "1998-1999 Tornadoes and a Long-Term U.S. Tornado Climatology" (PDF). National Climatic Data Center. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. Retrieved June 26, 2013.
4.Jump up ^ Grazulis, Thomas P. (2011). F5-F6 Tornadoes. St. Johnsbury, VT: The Tornado Project.
5.Jump up ^ Grazulis, Significant Tornadoes, 619–620.
6.^ Jump up to: a b Colyer, F. H. (1912). "Tornado at Murphysboro and Bush, Ill., April 21, 1912". Monthly Weather Review (Carbondale, Illinois: U.S. Weather Bureau) 40 (4): 540–541. doi:10.1175/1520-0493(1912)40<540b:TAMABI>2.0.CO;2. Retrieved 9 March 2014.
7.^ Jump up to: a b c d e f g h Grazulis, Significant Tornadoes, 733.
Bibliography[edit]
Grazulis, Thomas P. (1993). Significant Tornadoes 1680-1991: A Chronology and Analysis of Events. Environmental Films. ISBN 1-879362-03-1.
— (2003). The Tornado: Nature’s Ultimate Windstorm. University of Oklahoma Press. ISBN 978-0-8061-3538-0.
Categories: Tornadoes of 1912
Tornadoes in Oklahoma
F4 tornadoes
History of Oklahoma
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http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/April_20%E2%80%9122,_1912_tornado_outbreak
March 1913 tornado outbreak sequence
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March 1913 tornado outbreak sequence
1913 Omaha Tornado.jpg
Photo of the 1913 Omaha tornado, the deadliest of the outbreak
Date(s)
March 21–23, 1913
Duration
~2 days
Tornadoes caused
≥ 19
Maximum rated tornado
F4 (Fujita scale)
Damages
≥ $9.68 million
Casualties
≥ 241
The March 1913 tornado outbreak sequence[nb 1] was a devastating series of tornado outbreaks that affected the northern Great Plains, the Southern United States, and sections of the upper Midwest over a two-day-long period between March 21–23, 1913. Composed of two outbreaks, the sequence first began with a tornado outbreak that commenced in Mississippi early on March 21. Several significant tornadoes occurred, one of which killed seven people in one family and another destroyed much of Lower Peach Tree, Alabama, with 27 deaths all in that town. The tornado at Lower Peach Tree is estimated to have been equivalent to a violent F4 tornado on the Fujita scale, based upon damage accounts. The tornadoes occurred between 0630–1030 UTC, or pre-dawn local time, perhaps accounting for the high number of fatalities—a common trend in tornadoes in the Dixie Alley.[2] In all, tornadoes in Mississippi, Georgia, and Alabama killed 48 people, perhaps more, that day and injured at least 150 people.
On March 23, Easter Sunday, was the most violent tornado outbreak to affect the northern Great Plains on so early a date in the year—a record that still stands as of 2012.[nb 2] That day, four F4 tornadoes affected portions of eastern Nebraska and western Iowa, killing at least 168 people. The deadliest tornado of the day was a potent F4 tornado that grew to 0.25 miles (440 yd) in width as it passed through northern Omaha, Nebraska, killing at least 94 people in the city proper and three in rural areas. Damage in Omaha reached at least F4, possibly even F5, intensity, though confirmation of F5 damage could not be determined from available evidence. The tornado is the 13th deadliest ever to affect the United States and the deadliest to hit the U.S. state of Nebraska as of 2014. No other violent tornado would affect Omaha for another 62 years. Outside the Great Plains, the outbreak of March 23 also produced two other F4 tornadoes, one each in Missouri and Indiana, including a devastating path more than .5 mi (880 yd) through southern Terre Haute, Indiana, killing 21 people and injuring 250.
In all, the two consecutive outbreaks killed at least 241 people and caused at least 19 tornadoes, though only significant events were recorded and other, weaker tornadoes may have gone undetected. The outbreak sequence also produced seven violent tornadoes, nearly half the documented total of tornadoes for the sequence. Tornadoes struck Nebraska, Iowa, Illinois, Missouri, Michigan, and Indiana. At least $9.68 million in damages were reported.[nb 3]
Contents [hide]
1 23 March meteorological synopsis
2 Tornado table
3 Confirmed tornadoes 3.1 March 21 event
3.2 March 23 event
4 Notable tornadoes 4.1 Omaha, Nebraska
5 Non-tornadic effects
6 Aftermath
7 See also 7.1 Bibliography
8 Notes
9 References
10 External links
23 March meteorological synopsis[edit]
A series of potent storm systems traversed the US during March 1913,[3] described by the US Weather Bureau as "...the most extraordinary situation in regards to the weather since the creation of the bureau." Anomalously high moisture had gathered near the US Gulf Coast, as an intense upper level storm system moved in from the west. According to retrospective numerical modeling of this event,[4] a strong cap aloft was in place over the central Plains, as is common as the elevated mixed layer advects eastward from the Rockies. Observations taken at 13Z 23 March 1913 showed that surface low pressure was located in Colorado, and a warm front stretched due eastward from there into Illinois. Morning temperatures near this front were in the 30s. South of the front warmer and moister air was present, but dewpoints in the upper 50s were confined to southern Oklahoma and Arkansas, far away from where the tornadoes were to later occur in eastern Nebraska and western Iowa.
As the day progressed, the surface low ejected through Nebraska, with a dry line and trailing cold front. South winds blowing 40-50 knots at times brought the moister air rapidly northward. One of the worst dust storms on record occurred behind the dry line in western Kansas, but in the warm sector the day remained dry until mid afternoon when light showers began to form in central Nebraska. A cooperative observer in Osceola noted that the wind shifted from S to NW at 2230Z (4:30 PM local). Professors at the University of Nebraska at Lincoln noted that the relative humidity there jumped from 53% at 2150Z to 78% at 2230Z, indicating much higher dewpoints had rapidly arrived in Lincoln since the cold front was still to the west near Osceola. They also noted that the surface low passed just to the north of Omaha and was in western Iowa at 01Z 24 March 1913.
With all of this observed information, it is likely that the quality moisture required to produce convection strong enough for tornadoes arrived just an hour or two before the strong forcing associated with the surface low pressure and attendant frontal systems. At the time of the tornadoes it is estimated that surface temperatures were in the upper 60s, dewpoints were in the upper 50s, and surface winds were southerly around 25-30 knots. Numerical modeling estimates that 500 hPa flow was around 80 knots from the WSW and that CAPE was from 1000-2000 J/kg. These conditions are similar to those found in other tornado outbreaks.[5] Tornadic storms developed from 5:00-6:00 PM local time and while storm motions were to the NE, the prevalence of tornadic storms moved southward with the dryline/cold front intersection, lasting until 8:00 PM local in NW Missouri. A serial derecho then formed and moved across Iowa and Illinois through the nighttime hours, hitting Chicago in the early morning.
Tornado table[edit]
Confirmed
Total Confirmed
F0 Confirmed
F1 Confirmed
F2 Confirmed
F3 Confirmed
F4 Confirmed
F5
≥ 19 ? ? 10 2 7 0
Confirmed tornadoes[edit]
March 21 event[edit]
F#
Location
County
Time (UTC)
Path length
Damage
Georgia
F2 S of Madison to near Buckhead Morgan 0600 8 miles (13 km) 1 death — Tornado hit five plantations and destroyed 30 buildings.
Mississippi
F2 Near Ruleville Sunflower 0610 unknown 3 deaths — Tornado completely destroyed homes.
F2 Louisville to N of Macon Winston, Noxubee 0630 30 miles (48 km) 9 deaths — Family of tornadoes destroyed or damaged roughly 25 homes near Louisville, killing two people and injuring 15. Five people in one family were killed as the tornadoes passed north of Macon. Paths of individual tornadoes could not be identified.
F2 Rienzi to Corinth Prentiss, Alcorn 0630 5 miles (8.0 km) 2 deaths — Tornado killed two people as it reportedly leveled the entire town of Rienzi. Was not rated higher due to poor building standards in the rural South at that time.
Alabama
F2 Near Florence Lauderdale 0700 unknown 3 deaths — Tornado destroyed seven barns and 20 homes, killing three children.
F2 W of Decatur to near Meridianville Morgan, Limestone, Madison 0730 40 miles (64 km) 3 deaths — Tornado destroyed numerous sharecroppers' tenant homes, other homes, and an Episcopal church. Probably a tornado family. Two of the deceased were children.
F2 E of Talladega to Heflin Talladega, Clay, Cleburne 0900 35 miles (56 km) Tornado destroyed 12 rural homes near Talladega. May have been a tornado family as two tornadoes were observed 1 mi (1.6 km) apart and the path was not continuous.
F4 E of Fulton to Lower Peach Tree Clarke, Wilcox 1030 13 miles (21 km) 27 deaths — Tornado began at Scyrene and destroyed 100 homes at Lower Peach Tree, with F4 damage to about 20 well-built homes. All deaths at Lower Peach Tree. Tornado damage $100,000 with major flood damage after the tornado. Total losses from tornado and flood at least $200,000. Path .25 mi (0.40 km) wide.
F2 E of Camden Wilcox 1100 12 miles (19 km) 1 death — Tornado began from the same supercell thunderstorm that produced the Lower Peach Tree tornado.
Sources: Grazulis 1993
March 23 event[edit]
F#
Location
County
Time (UTC)
Path length
Damage
Nebraska
F3 W of Craig to NW of Blencoe, IA Burt (NE), Monona (IA) 2300 15 miles (24 km) Tornado hit rural areas; 12 farms damaged and 11 homes destroyed in Nebraska. Also caused damage in Iowa.
F4 SE of Mead to W of Logan, IA Saunders, Douglas, Washington (NE), Harrison (IA) 2330 55 miles (89 km) 22 deaths — Tornado destroyed southern side of Yutan, Nebraska, killing 17 people, half of them children. Destroyed 40 homes plus four churches in Nebraska; losses nearly $100,000 in the state. Two deaths in Iowa.
F3 Near Havelock, Lincoln, to E of Greenwood Lancaster, Cass 2330 15 miles (24 km) Tornado destroyed homes along its path as it hit Prairie Home and passed east of Greenwood. Parent thunderstorm later spawned the F4 Omaha tornado.
F4 Ralston to SE of Beebeetown, IA Sarpy, Douglas (NE), Pottawattamie (IA), Harrison, Shelby 2345 40 miles (64 km) 103 deaths — See section on this tornado. Photographs indicated possible F5 damage at Omaha but may have reflected clean-up efforts, so only F4 rating was assigned.
F4 Bellevue to SE of Harlan, IA Sarpy (NE), Pottawattamie (IA), Harrison, Shelby 0015 48 miles (77 km) 25 deaths — Likely tornado family hit southern section of Council Bluffs, causing 17 deaths in small homes. Other deaths at Gilliat (two), east of Weston (two), and near Neola (three), all in Pottawattamie County, Iowa. One final death southeast of Harlan. Final 15 mi (24 km) in the track probably a separate tornado. Losses $400,000.
F4 S of Douglas to near Macedonia, IA Otoe, Cass (NE), Mills (IA), Pottawattamie 0015 60 miles (97 km) 18 deaths — Longest-lived, continuous tornado of the outbreak; caused F4 damage to many farms northwest of Syracuse, Nebraska, along with major damage to Otoe, then called Berlin, and 12 deaths there; losses $250,000 at Otoe. Entered Iowa after passing through Rock Bluff, Nebraska. More F4 damage to farms in Mills County, Iowa, with three deaths north of Bartlett and two more southeast of Glenwood.
F2 Burchard Pawnee 0100 5 miles (8.0 km) Tornado unroofed and destroyed a school and four homes.
Louisiana
F2 NW of Saline Bienville 0100 6 miles (9.7 km) 1 death — Tornado hit and destroyed tenant homes along with a large estate. Another deadly tornado may have hit Bossier Parish.
Indiana
F4 N of Prairieton to Terre Haute Vigo, Clay 0230 22 miles (35 km) 21 deaths — Tornado destroyed or damaged 300 homes and produced F4 damage to a five-block swath in southern Terre Haute. All 21 deaths in Terre Haute with downburst damage in nearby communities. Major floods followed the tornado, causing 12 more deaths at Terre Haute and 260 in other areas. Total damage $1,000,000.
Missouri
F4 SW of Savannah to E of Albany Andrew, Gentry, Harrison 0230 45 miles (72 km) 2 deaths — Tornado killed two people as it passed just southeast of Flag Springs. F4-level damage north of King City and south of Darlington, with damage to 30 farms in Gentry County. Occurred at the same time as the F4 Terre Haute tornado.
Sources: Grazulis 1993
Notable tornadoes[edit]
Omaha, Nebraska[edit]
Coordinates: 41.25°N 96°W
This section is about the 1913 tornado. For the 1975 tornado, see Omaha Tornado of 1975.
1913 Omaha Easter Sunday tornado
F4 tornado
Omaha Tornado Damage 1913.jpg
Photograph of tornado damage in Omaha
Date
March 23, 1913
Time
6:00 p.m. Central Time
Casualties
103 (94 in Omaha)
Damages
$8 million
Areas affected
Omaha, Nebraska
The Omaha Easter Sunday tornado struck Omaha, Nebraska, at approximately 6:00 p.m. on March 23, 1913. The storm's path was reported as being 1⁄4–1⁄2 mi (0.40–0.80 km) wide and contained multiple vortices.[6]
Outbreak death toll
State
Total
Alabama 34
Georgia 1
Indiana 21
Iowa 33
Louisiana 1
Mississippi 14
Missouri 2
Nebraska 135
Totals 241
All deaths were tornado-related
The Omaha tornado followed the path of Little Papillion Creek as it entered the city. It moved through the west side of town alongside the Missouri Pacific Railroad, destroying the small workers cottages in the area. The tornado was so strong that steel train cars were later found pierced by pieces of shattered lumber from the demolished homes.
By the time the tornado reached Dewey Avenue it was five blocks wide. When it reached Farnam Hill, the tornado followed a shallow valley through this upscale neighborhood. The large mansions of Farnam were no match for the winds, and many houses were torn to pieces, along with several in the Gold Coast Historic District including the Joslyn Castle, which sustained considerable damage. Buildings were found chopped in half, pipes and supports dangling into space, such as the Duchesne Academy which was nearly obliterated.
At North 24th and Lake Streets in the Near North Side neighborhood a large African American crowd was enjoying an Easter Sunday performance when the tornado flattened the building and killed more than two dozen people. Other brick structures in this small commercial district took similar hits, and more people died here than in any other part of Omaha. A streetcar running down North 24th Street in North Omaha encountered the tornado near this area. Thanks to the quick actions of operator Ord Hensley, every passenger on the streetcar survived. Later, photographers would spot the wrecked machine and would call it the "Streetcar of Death," imagining that no one on board could have survived given the immense damage.
The F4 tornado skirted the downtown area and moved over the Missouri River into Iowa, causing further damage before dissipating.
In all, 103 people died, 94 of which were in Omaha, and another 400 were injured. Reportedly, 2,000 homes in Omaha alone were destroyed, with $8 million total damage from the storm, $5.5 million of which was in Omaha (financial damage estimates vary; the NOAA reports more damage than this). In the aftermath of the tornado, a cold front moved into Omaha and caused further misery, as newly homeless residents struggled to escape the snowy weather.[7] Many homes throughout the northern side of the city were leveled, and some were swept away. Photographs at the time showed empty foundations, which possibly indicated F5 damage, but these may have been related to post-tornado clean-up.
Non-tornadic effects[edit]
The same storm system that struck Nebraska created a dust storm in Kansas and hit Missouri with hail and heavy rain.[8][9][10][11] The Omaha tornado marked the beginning of the destruction from storms associated with the Great Flood of 1913.[12] On Monday and Tuesday, March 24 and 25, the storms brought heavy rains to the Midwest and upstate New York, causing widespread flooding.
Aftermath[edit]
Remarkably, operators from the Webster Telephone Exchange Building in Omaha did not leave their stations either during or after the tornado. The building was used as an infirmary for the wounded and dying, with physicians and nurses coming from area hospitals. US Army troops from Fort Omaha set up headquarters in the building, as soldiers patrolled the area for looters and to offer assistance.
Initially, James Dahlman, the longtime mayor of Omaha, refused assistance from any outside sources, including the federal government. However, he requited after seeing the extent of the damage throughout the city. The federal government poured in assistance soon after. The massive damage caused by the tornado inspired new engineering techniques aimed at creating a tornado-proof edifice. The first such building was the First National Bank of Omaha building, built in 1916 at 1603 Farnam Street. The 14-story building was built in a "U"-shape.
See also[edit]
Disaster Books - Omaha Easter Sunday Tornado
Great Dayton Flood
List of North American tornadoes and tornado outbreaks
List of tornadoes causing 100 or more deaths
List of tornadoes striking downtown areas
Timeline of North Omaha, Nebraska history
Bibliography[edit]
Grazulis, Thomas P. (1993). Significant Tornadoes 1680-1991: A Chronology and Analysis of Events. Environmental Films. ISBN 1-879362-03-1.
— (2003). The Tornado: Nature’s Ultimate Windstorm. University of Oklahoma Press. ISBN 978-0-8061-3538-0.
Notes[edit]
1.Jump up ^ An outbreak is generally defined as a group of at least six tornadoes (the number sometimes varies slightly according to local climatology) with no more than a six-hour gap between individual tornadoes. An outbreak sequence, prior to (after) modern records that began in 1950, is defined as, at most, two (one) consecutive days without at least one significant (F2 or stronger) tornado.[1]
2.Jump up ^ A tornado outbreak that affected the same region on March 13, 1990, produced four F4 tornadoes, but one of them occurred in eastern Iowa, outside the Great Plains.
3.Jump up ^ All damage totals are in 1913 United States dollars unless otherwise noted.
References[edit]
1.Jump up ^ Schneider, Russell S.; Harold E. Brooks; Joseph T. Schaefer. "Tornado Outbreak Day Sequences: Historic Events and Climatology (1875-2003)". Norman, Oklahoma: Storm Prediction Center. Retrieved 13 February 2013.
2.Jump up ^ Robinson, "Natural Disasters", Encyclopedia, p. 584
3.Jump up ^ Evan Kuchera (2014-07-05). "23 March 1913 Omaha area tornadoes". Retrieved 2014-07-05.
4.Jump up ^ Compo et al (2014-07-05). "The Twentieth Century Reanalysis Project". Retrieved 2014-07-05.
5.Jump up ^ Craven et al. (2014-07-05). "BASELINE CLIMATOLOGY OF SOUNDING DERIVED PARAMETERS ASSOCIATED WITH DEEP, MOIST CONVECTION". Retrieved 2014-07-05.
6.Jump up ^ Condra, G. E.; G. A. Loveland (May 3, 1914). "The Iowa-Nebraska Tornadoes Of Easter Sunday, 1913". Bulletin of the American Geographical Society XLVI (2): 100–107. Retrieved 2009-08-15.
7.Jump up ^ Jackman, William James (1911). History Of The American Nation, Vol 6. Chapter CII. "1913, Great Damage By Tornado And Flood". Western Press Association. pp. 1750–1756. Retrieved 2009-08-15.
8.Jump up ^ Christopher Klein (2013-03-25). "The Superstorm That Flooded America 100 Years Ago". History. Retrieved 2013-07-03.
9.Jump up ^ "The Great Flood of 1913, 100 Years Later: The Storms of March 23-27, 1913". Silver Jackets. 2013. Retrieved 2013-07-29.
10.Jump up ^ Geoff Williams (2013). Washed Away: How the Great Flood of 1913, America’s Most Widespread Natural Disaster, Terrorized a Nation and Changed It Forever. New York: Pegasus Books. p. 23. ISBN 978-1-60598-404-9.
11.Jump up ^ Trudy E. Bell (Spring 2006). "Forgotten Waters: Indiana's Great Easter Flood of 1913". Traces of Indiana and Midwestern History (Indianapolis: Indiana Historical Society) 18 (2): 5–6.
12.Jump up ^ Williams, p. 16.
Encyclopedia of Southern Culture, Vol. I, ed. Charles Reagan Wilson and William Ferris (New York: Anchor Books, 1989).
External links[edit]
National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration
(n.d.) Omaha's Terrible Evening. Tragic Story of America's Greatest Disaster.
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25 deadliest US tornadoes
Categories: Tornado outbreaks with no Fujita scale ratings given
Tornadoes of 1913
Tornadoes in Nebraska
Natural disasters in Omaha, Nebraska
North Omaha, Nebraska
1913 in Nebraska
Disasters in Nebraska
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http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/March_1913_tornado_outbreak_sequence
June 1916 tornado outbreak
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to: navigation, search
The June 1916 tornado outbreak was a deadly severe-weather episode that produced at least 35 tornadoes across the Southern United States on June 5–6, 1916. The outbreak killed at least 112 people, 76 of them in the U.S. state of Arkansas alone. Unconfirmed reports suggested higher totals in rural areas.[1] The outbreak was the deadliest June tornado outbreak in the state and one of the largest outbreaks in Arkansas history, with at least 24 significant tornadoes in-state. The deadliest tornado of the outbreak and the deadliest to strike Arkansas on June 5 was a powerful F4 tornado that hit Heber Springs, killing 25 people. Other deadly tornadoes struck much of the state and in nearby parts of Missouri and Illinois. Overnight on June 5–6, tornadoes spread east and south into Louisiana, Tennessee, and Mississippi, with an F3 tornado hitting the northern suburbs of Jackson, Mississippi, killing 13 people there.
Contents [hide]
1 Confirmed tornadoes 1.1 June 5
1.2 June 6 event
2 See also
3 References 3.1 Bibliography
4 External links
Confirmed tornadoes[edit]
Confirmed
Total Confirmed
F0 Confirmed
F1 Confirmed
F2 Confirmed
F3 Confirmed
F4 Confirmed
F5
35 ? 1 20 13 1 0
June 5[edit]
[hide]List of confirmed tornadoes - June 5, 1916
F#
Location
County
Time (UTC)
Path length
Damage
Arkansas
F2 W of Batson Franklin 1930 unknown 1 death — Formed 12 miles (19 km) north-northeast of Ozark. The tornado destroyed three homes, killing a man in one of them.[2]
F2 Hot Springs area Garland 2015 8 miles (13 km) 4 deaths — A tornado curved to the northeast and east as it passed through the south side of Hot Springs,[2] taking a similar track to that of an F4 tornado which killed 10 people in the city on November 25, 1915.[3] The tornado damaged 200 homes, one of which was left in front of a train.[2]
F2 E of Greenland Washington 2030 4 miles (6.4 km) 1 death — A tornado touched down in a small community, damaging or destroying 12 homes. Several tenant homes were also blown down 2 miles (3.2 km) east of Greenland, killing a woman inside one of them.[2]
F3 N of Morrilton to Guy Conway, Faulkner 2045 30 miles (48 km) 1 death — A tornado destroyed nine homes in the Germantown community, killing a woman. It then produced a skipping path through Conway County before damaging or destroying 20 buildings in Guy.[2]
F2 N of Edgemont Cleburne 2100 unknown A tornado damaged or destroyed all of the 47 structures in the Brewer community. Four people were injured.[2]
F4 N of Enola to SE of Concord Faulkner, Cleburne 2200 35 miles (56 km) 25 deaths — A devastating tornado family first killed a person near Barney, north of Enola, and then two people near Becket Mountain, west of Rose Bud. The tornado then leveled 55 homes in west and north Heber Springs, with at least 18 deaths within the town limits. Near Banner, southeast of Concord, another home was leveled, killing four people inside. More than two-thirds of the total dead were children. Papers from Becket Mountain traveled 55 miles (89 km).[2]
F2 SE of Melbourne to Sage Izard 2200 5 miles (8.0 km) A tornado destroyed many barns in the Sage area.[2]
F3 N of Sparkman to Carthage Dallas 2300 15 miles (24 km) 5 deaths — A tornado first destroyed a small home 10 miles (16 km) east of Dalark and thence continued to north Carthage. Five members of a family died in that home. The tornado also caused minor damage in the Carthage area.[2]
F2 NE of Gibson Pulaski 2300 2 miles (3.2 km) A tornado hit two farms 3 miles (4.8 km) east of Cato, destroying three homes.[2]
F2 Pulaski Heights, Little Rock area Pulaski 2300 1 mile (1.6 km) A tornado struck Pulaski Heights on the west side of Little Rock, unroofing homes in the area.[2]
F2 S of Cabot Lonoke 2315 10 miles (16 km) 2+ deaths — A tornado injured 22 people and killed a man and his daughter as their home was destroyed 5 miles (8.0 km) south of Cabot. Two other people were badly injured and may have died many weeks later.[2]
F2 SE of Mount Pleasant Independence 2330 1 mile (1.6 km) A tornado hit the historic community of Alvis, southeast of Mount Pleasant, destroying two homes and numerous barns.[2]
F3 NE of Kensett to NE of Judsonia White 2330 4 miles (6.4 km) 9 deaths — A deadly tornado narrowly missed most of Judsonia but leveled a small community east of town. Five children died in one family. Another death occurred 2 miles (3.2 km) northeast of Judsonia.[2] The tornado destroyed up to one-third of Judsonia.[1] Another deadly tornado struck Judsonia on March 21, 1952, killing 30 people in town and causing F4 damage.
F2 Near Sweet Home to Kerr Pulaski, Lonoke 2330 15 miles (24 km) 1 death — A tornado destroyed homes and other structures on six farms.[2]
F2 SE of Ash Flat[4] Sharp 2345 5 miles (8.0 km) A tornado reportedly destroyed homes and barns.[2]
F2 NW of Stuttgart Arkansas 0000 unknown A tornado destroyed barns 4 miles (6.4 km) from town.[2]
F2 NW of Slovak to near De Valls Bluff Prairie 0000 10 miles (16 km) 4 deaths — A tornado injured 42 people, 10 of them near Slovak, and killed four people in tenant homes.[5]
F3 N of Tuckerman Jackson 0030 10 miles (16 km) 4 deaths — A tornado transported bodies up to .25 miles (0.40 km) from tenant homes which were destroyed. Three members of one family died.[5]
F3 NW of Brinkley Monroe 0030 2 miles (3.2 km) 1 death — One home was destroyed, killing a man who was thrown .5 miles (0.80 km) from the foundation.[5]
F3 SE of Vallier Arkansas 0100 5 miles (8.0 km) 2 deaths — A tornado struck south of Stuttgart, killing two people each on different plantations.[5]
F2 W of Imboden to near Flatwoods, MO Lawrence, Randolph, Ripley (MO) 0130 45 miles (72 km) 1 death — A tornado family killed an Arkansas farmer and destroyed buildings in nearby Shiloh Church, Missouri, just southeast of Grandin. An intermittent damage swath continued across Missouri, with barns destroyed.[5]
F1 N of Vanndale to Weona Mill Cross, Poinsett 0200 20 miles (32 km) 2 deaths — A tornado blew a tree into a boarding house, killing two women and injuring 13 people who were inside.[5]
F3 N of Rector to Gravel Hill Clay 0200 9 miles (14 km) 7 deaths — A destructive tornado destroyed small homes, killing seven people. The deaths were distributed among three homes between Pollard and St. Francis.[5]
F3 SW of Haynes to SE of Forrest City Lee, St. Francis 0200 11 miles (18 km) 4 deaths — A tornado hit three large farms, destroying 16 tenant homes and killing four people on one of the farms.[5]
F2 N of Marion to SW of Munford, TN Critttenden, Tipton (TN) 0400 25 miles (40 km) 2+ deaths — A tornado destroyed at least 20 homes in Missouri and hit a home and a barn in Tennessee. There was one death in each state. The tornado may have been on the ground as it crossed the Mississippi River about 13 miles (21 km) north of Memphis, where the packet boat Eleonore capsized in stormy conditions. An "electric tornado" reportedly snapped the tree to which she was anchored, which measured 20 inches (1.7 ft) in diameter. At least 19, perhaps 34, people drowned when the Eleonore capsized. Other nearby trees were snapped on the shore, but there is no clear evidence that a tornado caused the sinking of the steamboat.[5]
Missouri
F2 Near McMullin–Vanduser Scott 2330 unknown A tornado was sighted from a train as it destroyed small homes, barns, and a nearby school.[2]
F3 W of Dexter to W of Bloomfield Stoddard 0130 7 miles (11 km) 7 deaths — Seven people died in five different families as a tornado leveled their homes.[5]
F3 SSW of Morehouse Stoddard, New Madrid, Scott 0330 8 miles (13 km) 7 deaths — Six people died as three homes were leveled 8 miles (13 km) southwest of Sikeston. The tornado may have continued to Kelso, much farther to the north-northeast.[5]
F3 E of Sikeston to Fayville, IL Scott, Alexander (IL) 0400 30 miles (48 km) 5 deaths — A tornado destroyed most of Blodgett, injuring five people in the village. Up to 60 injuries occurred mostly in rural areas. In Fayville, a 10-year-old girl died, 20 people were injured, and 11 homes were called "destroyed".[5]
Louisiana
F2 S of Dubberly Webster 0200 unknown A tornado destroyed small homes south of the village.[5]
F2 Oak Grove West Carroll 0545 unknown A late-night tornado destroyed two homes, the Masonic Hall, and the Methodist church in Oak Grove.[5]
Mississippi
F3 S of Yokena Warren 0530 10 miles (16 km) 4 deaths — Tenant homes were leveled and bodies transported up to .5 miles (0.80 km) from the foundations. The tornado path measured .5 miles (0.80 km) wide.[5]
Sources: Grazulis, Significant, pp. 748–749
June 6 event[edit]
[hide]List of confirmed tornadoes - June 6, 1916
F#
Location
County
Time (UTC)
Path length
Damage
Mississippi
F3 Near Jackson Hinds, Madison 0710 15 miles (24 km) 13 deaths — A tornado passed across the north side of Jackson and dissipated 10 miles (16 km) northeast of the city. It damaged or destroyed 250 homes and completely leveled poorly-constructed, small homes. Larger, better-built structures lost roofs and chimneys.[5]
F2 Near Pineville Smith 0930 2 miles (3.2 km) A small, brief tornado destroyed rural homes and barns.[5]
Alabama
F2 SW of Birmingham Jefferson 1700 7.5 miles (12.1 km) A tornado destroyed four homes at "Taylors Ferry".[5]
Sources: Grazulis, Significant, pp. 748–749
See also[edit]
List of North American tornadoes and tornado outbreaks
References[edit]
1.^ Jump up to: a b "Over 100 lives lost in Southern storms". New York Times. June 7, 1916. p. 11.
2.^ Jump up to: a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r Grazulis, Significant, p. 747
3.Jump up ^ Grazulis, Significant, p. 745
4.Jump up ^ Grazulis, Significant, p. 236
5.^ Jump up to: a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r Grazulis, Significant, p. 748
Bibliography[edit]
Grazulis, Thomas P. (1993). Significant Tornadoes 1680-1991: A Chronology and Analysis of Events. Environmental Films. ISBN 1-879362-03-1.
— (2003). The Tornado: Nature’s Ultimate Windstorm. University of Oklahoma Press. ISBN 978-0-8061-3538-0.
External links[edit]
Categories: F4 tornadoes
Tornadoes of 1916
Tornadoes in Arkansas
Tornadoes in Missouri
Tornadoes in Mississippi
Tornadoes in Alabama
1916 in Arkansas
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http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/June_1916_tornado_outbreak
May–June 1917 tornado outbreak sequence
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
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May–June 1917 tornado outbreak sequence
Mattoon Illinois tornado damage2.jpg
Tornado damage in Mattoon, Illinois, on May 26
Date(s)
May 25–June 1, 1917
Duration
8 days
Tornadoes caused
≥ 73
Maximum rated tornado
F5 (Fujita scale)
Damages
> $6.88 million (1917 USD); >$127 million (2014 USD)
Casualties
≥ 383
The 1917 May—June tornado outbreak sequence was an eight-day tornado event, known as a tornado outbreak sequence, that killed at least 383 people, mostly in the Midwestern and parts of the Southeastern United States. It was the most intense and the longest continuous tornado outbreak sequence on record, with at least 73 tornadoes including 15 that were analyzed to have been violent (F4–F5) based upon reported damage.[nb 1] The deadliest tornado of the entire sequence produced a 155-mile (249 km) track across Illinois, killing 101 people and devastating the towns of Charleston and Mattoon along with small farming communities. Once believed to have traveled 290-mile (470 km) cross Illinois and into Indiana, it is now assessed to have been a tornado family of four to eight separate tornadoes.[nb 2]
Contents [hide]
1 Meteorological synopsis
2 List of tornadoes 2.1 May 25 event
2.2 May 26 event
2.3 May 27 event
2.4 May 28 event
2.5 May 30 event
2.6 May 31
2.7 June 1 event
3 Notable tornadoes 3.1 Mattoon/Charleston, Illinois
4 Non-tornadic effects
5 Aftermath/recovery
6 See also
7 References 7.1 Bibliography
8 Notes
9 External links
Meteorological synopsis[edit]
A series of low-pressure areas affected the Central and Eastern United States between May 25 and June 1, 1917. The first of these developed by May 25 east of the Rocky Mountains in eastern Colorado. By 7:00 p.m. CST/0100 UTC that day, it intensified to 29.45 inches of mercury (997.3 mb) with temperatures rising at or above 70 °F (21.1 °C) over most of Kansas. The next day, the low-pressure system deepened further into the morning, eventually centering near Yankton, South Dakota, about 7 a.m. CST/1300 UTC. Upon weakening to about 29.55 inHg (1,000.7 mb) in the evening and centering near Des Moines, Iowa, the low was followed by another surface low which formed over the Texas Panhandle and moved northeast. This second low passed near Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, on the morning of May 27 and approached the St. Louis, Missouri, area in the evening. On May 30, yet another low of about 29.5 inHg (999.0 mb) by 7 p.m. CST/0100 UTC moved northeast from near Concordia, Kansas, to Des Moines.[2]
List of tornadoes[edit]
Confirmed
Total Confirmed
F? Confirmed
F0 Confirmed
F1 Confirmed
F2 Confirmed
F3 Confirmed
F4 Confirmed
F5
73 9 0 1 28 20 14 1
These numbers are likely gross underestimates. Several of the long-track events listed below are likely to be tornado families, or groups of tornadoes produced by the same storm. Because of insufficient documentation, and lack of a proper storm survey by meteorologists, it is impossible to determine where one tornado ends and another begins in certain cases.[1] Additionally, the book by Grazulis which details the tornadoes of this event only documents "significant" tornadoes, that is, tornadoes which caused fatalities or F2 or greater damage on the Fujita scale. On average, almost 70% of tornadoes are not "significant".[3]
May 25 event[edit]
[show]List of confirmed tornadoes - May 25, 1917
May 26 event[edit]
[show]List of confirmed tornadoes - May 26, 1917
May 27 event[edit]
[show]List of confirmed tornadoes - May 27, 1917
May 28 event[edit]
[hide]List of tornadoes - Monday, May 28, 1917
F#
Location
County
Coord.
Time (UTC)
Path length
Comments/Damage
Alabama
F2 SE of Tuscaloosa to near Woodstock Tuscaloosa, Bibb 0610 18 miles (29 km) 1 death — Destroyed 15 homes near Taylorville and Bibbville.
F2 Sylacauga Talladega 0645 unknown 1 death — Damaged numerous homes, businesses, and warehouses in downtown Sylacauga. The tornado was reportedly highly visible.
F3 SW of New Hope Madison, Marshall, Jackson 0700 18 miles (29 km) 6 deaths — Final deadly tornado of the outbreak in Alabama; destroyed 20 homes with six deaths spread among six different homes.
Sources: Grazulis, Significant, pp. 752–753
May 30 event[edit]
[show]List of confirmed tornadoes - May 30, 1917
May 31[edit]
[hide]List of tornadoes - Thursday, May 31, 1917
F#
Location
County
Time (UTC)
Path length
Comments/Damage
Texas
F2 Muenster to Gainesville Cooke 0315 15 miles (24 km) Funnel clouds observed at Lindsay and Gainesville, but most damage downburst-caused. Four homes, many churches, and 12 barns were destroyed.
Oklahoma
F4 NW of Marietta Love 0330 8 miles (13 km) 3 deaths — Five homes leveled outside Marietta. The town itself only received downburst-related damage.
Sources: Grazulis, Significant, pp. 753–754
June 1 event[edit]
[show]List of confirmed tornadoes - June 1, 1917
Notable tornadoes[edit]
Mattoon/Charleston, Illinois[edit]
This devastating and long-tracked event first began before noon CST near Louisiana in eastern Missouri,[4] where significant hail was reported,[6] then crossed the Mississippi River into Illinois near Pleasant Hill.[5] These two towns were probably hit by two separate, weak tornadoes which formed from the same thunderstorm, but intense tornado damage only began 2 miles (3.2 km) east of Nebo, Illinois.[7] From there, moving east at about 40 miles per hour (64 km/h),[2][5] the first violent member of the event moved into White Hall, hitting farms and injuring six people[6] before weakening and dissipating.[7] Another tornado probably developed over Modesto, 22 miles (35 km) to the east.[6] In Modesto, the tornado destroyed 30 homes and damaged 35 others, with three deaths, 16 injuries, and $120,000 damage reported. Over the next 50 miles (80 km), the tornado either weakened or lifted before touching down again at Dunkel, destroying many homes and barns,[6] and continuing into Westervelt.[7] It destroyed 10 homes and killed four people in Westervelt, but much of the damage was due to hail. Rural areas between Dunkel and Westervelt reportedly received severe damage and reported one death.[6]
After hitting Westervelt, the tornado weakened and probably lifted before reforming and re-intensifying[7] over southern Moultrie County.[6] The new tornado then passed directly through the northern half of Mattoon, causing F4 damage and "near-total destruction" in its path.[7] It destroyed 496 homes, damaged 284, and killed at least 53 people in Mattoon; in the hardest-hit areas, few walls were left standing and only small debris remained.[6] Total damage in Mattoon reached $1.2 million.[7] Between Mattoon and Charleston, a distance of 11 miles (18 km), all farms registered damage and often lost buildings. Entering Charleston, the tornado produced less severe damage than in Mattoon, perhaps due to better construction,[6] but at least 220 homes were still destroyed, 265 badly damaged,[6] 38 people killed, and $780,000 damage caused.[7] The tornado then continued beyond Charleston, causing two final deaths at Embarrass before lifting, though weather officials in 1917 believed that the tornado had continued into Indiana.[6]
At one time, this series of tornadoes was considered a single tornado.[2] Lasting seven hours and 40 minutes and covering 293-mile (472 km), it is now generally believed to have been a family of at least four, and possibly eight or more, distinct tornadoes, with either short breaks in the damage path or sections of straight-line wind damage connecting the tornado paths.[7] Debris such as mail, wallpaper, and parts of books was carried 70 miles (110 km) northeast of the parent supercell.[5] In 1917, the tornado was also believed to have produced winds up to 400 miles per hour (640 km/h),[5] though more recent studies have determined that tornadoes only produce winds up to about 300 miles per hour (480 km/h).[8]
Non-tornadic effects[edit]
Aftermath/recovery[edit]
See also[edit]
Wikimedia Commons has media related to May–June 1917 tornado outbreak sequence.
List of North American tornadoes and tornado outbreaks
List of tornadoes causing 100 or more deaths
References[edit]
1.^ Jump up to: a b Schneider, Russell S.; Harold E. Brooks; Joseph T. Schaefer. "Tornado Outbreak Day Sequences: Historic Events and Climatology (1875-2003)". Norman, Oklahoma: Storm Prediction Center. Retrieved 13 February 2013.
2.^ Jump up to: a b c d Frankenfield, H. C. (June 1917). "The Tornadoes and Windstorms of May 25–June 6, 1917". Monthly Weather Review (Washington, D.C.: United States Weather Bureau) 45. doi:10.1175/1520-0493(1917)45<291:TTAWOM>2.0.CO;2. Retrieved 9 April 2013.
3.^ Jump up to: a b Grazulis, Significant, pp. 144-147
4.^ Jump up to: a b c Wilson, J. O.; S. A. Changnon, Jr. (1971). Illinois Tornadoes. Urbana, Illinois: Illinois State Water Survey. Retrieved 10 April 2013.
5.^ Jump up to: a b c d e Carey, J. P. (August 1917). "The Central Illinois Tornado of May 26, 1917". Geographical Review (American Geographical Society) 4: 122–130. doi:10.2307/207291. Retrieved 10 April 2013.
6.^ Jump up to: a b c d e f g h i j k l m Root, Clarence J. (May 1917). "The tornadoes of May 26th and 27th, 1917". Climatological Data (United States Weather Bureau) 21: 40.
7.^ Jump up to: a b c d e f g h Grazulis, Significant, p. 752
8.Jump up ^ Burgess, D. M. Magsig; J. Wurman; D. Dowell; Y. Richardson (2002). "Radar Observations of the 3 May 1999 Oklahoma City Tornado". Weather and Forecasting (17): 456–471.
Bibliography[edit]
Grazulis, Thomas P. (1993). Significant Tornadoes 1680-1991: A Chronology and Analysis of Events. Environmental Films. ISBN 1-879362-03-1.
— (2003). The Tornado: Nature’s Ultimate Windstorm. University of Oklahoma Press. ISBN 978-0-8061-3538-0.
Notes[edit]
1.Jump up ^ An outbreak is generally defined as a group of at least six tornadoes (the number sometimes varies slightly according to local climatology) with no more than a six-hour gap between individual tornadoes. An outbreak sequence, prior to (after) modern records that began in 1950, is defined as, at most, two (one) consecutive days without at least one significant (F2 or stronger) tornado.[1]
2.Jump up ^ All damage totals are in 1917 United States dollars unless otherwise noted.
External links[edit]http://www.jstor.org/pss/207291
http://www.isws.illinois.edu/pubdoc/C/ISWSC-103.pdf
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10 deadliest American tornadoes
Categories: 1917 in the United States
F5 tornadoes
Tornadoes of 1917
Tornadoes in Alabama
Tornadoes in Arkansas
Tornadoes in Illinois
Tornadoes in Indiana
Tornadoes in Kansas
Tornadoes in Kentucky
Tornadoes in Mississippi
Tornadoes in Missouri
Tornadoes in Nebraska
Tornadoes in Oklahoma
Tornadoes in Tennessee
Tornadoes in Texas
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http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/May%E2%80%93June_1917_tornado_outbreak_sequence
1918 Tyler tornado
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The 1918 Tyler tornado was a large and destructive tornado that devastated the town of Tyler, Minnesota on August 21, 1918. The F4-estimated tornado hit the town at approximately 9:20 pm, killing 36 people and injuring over 100 others.[1][2] Debris from Tyler was found up to 23 miles (37 km) away.[3] It is the fourth-deadliest tornado in Minnesota's history.
See also[edit]
Climate of Minnesota
List of North American tornadoes and tornado outbreaks
1919 Fergus Falls tornado
References[edit]
1.Jump up ^ Minnesota Tornado History and Statistics
2.Jump up ^ Tyler, MN Tornado, Aug 1918 | GenDisasters ... Genealogy in Tragedy, Disasters, Fires, Floods
3.Jump up ^ Welcome To Tyler, Minnesota
Stub icon This article related to a specific weather event is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.
Categories: F4 tornadoes
Tornadoes of 1918
Tornadoes in Minnesota
1918 in Minnesota
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http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1918_Tyler_tornado
1919 Fergus Falls tornado
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
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1919 Fergus Falls tornado
F5 tornado
Ff1919.jpg
Destruction from the Fergus Falls Tornado
Date
June 22, 1919
Time
4:46 pm
Casualties
57
Damages
$4 million
Areas affected
Central Minnesota
The 1919 Fergus Falls tornado was a large and destructive tornado that struck Fergus Falls, Minnesota on June 22, 1919. It killed 57 people and is the second deadliest tornado in Minnesota's history. This tornado occurred just 10 months after a tornado in Tyler, Minnesota killed 36 people. That twister was Minnesota's fourth deadliest on record.[1]
Contents [hide]
1 The tornado
2 Damage
3 See also
4 References
5 External links
The tornado[edit]
The tornado had a path of 20 miles (32 km), and at times was 400 yards (366 m) wide. It hit Fergus Falls at approximately 4:46 pm, and according to witness accounts was a "blank funnel shaped twisting cloud, or possibly several of them".[2] Though the Fujita scale did not exist at that time, it is estimated to have been an F5 based on descriptions and photographs of the damage.[3]
Damage[edit]
The tornado tore through the northern part of town, leveling 44 city blocks (including the business district), destroying 159 homes and damaging 250 more, some of which were swept completely away. Of the 57 people that died, at least 35 of them were in the Grand Hotel, a three story, 100 room hotel which was completely flattened. Two hundred more were injured. The tornado also destroyed the Otter Tail County courthouse, the county jail, four churches and multiple other businesses. Small trees in town were debarked, and railroad tracks were reportedly pulled from the ground at one location, indicative of extreme intensity.[4] The Northern Pacific rail depot was completely destroyed, and reportedly swept away. At Lake Alice, several summer homes were swept into the water along with their occupants, resulting in several fatalities there.[5] The Great Northern Oriental Limited passenger train was thrown off the tracks by the tornado, but none of the 250 passengers on the train was seriously injured. Checks that were sucked up by the tornado in Fergus Falls were found 60 miles to the east.[2][6]
See also[edit]
1918 Tyler tornado
Climate of Minnesota
List of F5 and EF5 tornadoes
List of North American tornadoes and tornado outbreaks
References[edit]
1.Jump up ^ "Minnesota Tornado History and Statistics". Minnesota Climatology Office. May 21, 2007. Archived from the original on 11 August 2007. Retrieved August 30, 2007.
2.^ Jump up to: a b "Tornado at Fergus Falls Minnesota, June 22, 1919". Monthly Weather Review 47 (6): 392–393. June 1919. Bibcode:1919MWRv...47..392.. doi:10.1175/1520-0493(1919)47<392:TAFFMJ>2.0.CO;2. Retrieved August 30, 2007.
3.Jump up ^ Seeley, Mark W. (2006). Minnesota Weather Almanac. Minnesota Historical Society press. pp. 188–189. ISBN 0-87351-554-4.
4.Jump up ^ Kellenbenz, David (1 July 2009). "Fergus Falls F5 Tornado of June 22, 1919". Grand Forks, North Dakota: National Weather Service. Retrieved 16 April 2014.
5.Jump up ^ "Tornado Wrecked Town, Killing 60". New York Times (New York City). June 24, 1919. Retrieved 11 September 2013.
6.Jump up ^ "Fergus Falls, Minnesota Tornado June 22, 1919". gendisasters.com. Retrieved May 25, 2011.
External links[edit]
Gendisasters.com
NWS Grand Forks article of the Fergus Falls tornado
Categories: 1919 in Minnesota
1919 in the United States
F5 tornadoes
Fergus Falls, Minnesota
Natural disasters in Minnesota
Tornadoes of 1919
Tornadoes in Minnesota
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http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1919_Fergus_Falls_tornado
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