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March 1875 Southeast tornado outbreak
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March 1875 Southeast tornado outbreak

Date(s)
March 19–20, 1875
Duration
Unknown
Tornadoes caused
≥19
Maximum rated tornado
F4 (Fujita scale)
Damages
Unknown
Casualties
≥96
The March 1875 Southeast tornado outbreak was a deadly tornado outbreak that affected portions of the Southern United States from March 19 to 20, 1875. At least nineteen tornadoes were recorded, including seven that were destructive enough to be rated F4 by Thomas P. Grazulis. The worst damage and most of the deaths occurred in Georgia. Most of the damage appears to have been the result of two tornado families that moved along parallel paths 12 to 15 miles (19 to 24 km) apart through parts of Georgia and South Carolina. In all, this outbreak killed at least 96 people and injured more than 350.[1]


Contents  [hide]
1 Confirmed tornadoes 1.1 March 19 event
1.2 March 20 event
1.3 Sparta, Georgia/Edgefield, South Carolina
2 See also
3 References

Confirmed tornadoes[edit]
Confirmed
Total Confirmed
F? Confirmed
F0 Confirmed
F1 Confirmed
F2 Confirmed
F3 Confirmed
F4 Confirmed
F5
≥19* ≥4 ? ? 3 5 7 0
Note: Some of the events listed as individual tornadoes were probably tornado families.[1]
March 19 event[edit]

[hide]List of tornadoes - Friday, March 19, 1875

F#

Location

County / Parish

Time (UTC)

Path length

Comments/Damage

Louisiana
F3 Between Lone Grove and Ray's Point Winn 0200 15 miles (24 km) 3 deaths - Thousands of trees were snapped and six rural homes were destroyed. All deaths were in one family.
Sources: Grazulis p 581-583
March 20 event[edit]

[hide]List of tornadoes - Saturday, March 20, 1875

F#

Location

County / Parish

Time (UTC)

Path length

Comments/Damage

Georgia
F4 SW of Hamilton to E of Shiloh Harris, Talbot 1520 25 miles (40 km) 11+ deaths - Several plantations and farms were leveled, with five deaths occurring on one plantation. A hat was carried 30 miles and a book was carried 40 miles. Death toll may have been as high as 15.
F3 E of Thomastown to S of Forsyth Upson, Lamar, Monroe 1600 30 miles (48 km) Funnel cloud started forming over Thomastown and was reported to have "Changed shape continuously." To the north, hailstones were found containing dead leaves.
F4 N of Columbus to N of Talbotton Muscogee, Harris, Talbot 1630 35 miles (56 km) 9 deaths - A home in Harris County was destroyed with six fatalities. A board from this home was driven 18 inches (46 cm) into the stump of a pine tree. Three other deaths occurred in separate homes in Talbot County.
F3 N of Gray Jones, Putnam, 1650 10 miles (16 km) 1 death - Three or four farms were destroyed.
F4 NW of Sparta to S of Edgefield, SC Hancock, Warren, McDuffie, Columbia, Edgefield (SC) 1740 75 miles (121 km) 28+ deaths - See section on this tornado
F4 S of Gray to E of Milledgeville Jones, Baldwin 1750 unknown 13+ deaths - Four people were killed in Jones County and at least nine in Baldwin County. Residents of Milledgeville mistook the tornado for a column of smoke from a fire. One child, presumed dead, was still missing at the time of the survey.
F4 ESE of Sparta to S of Gibson Hancock, Washington, Glascock, Jefferson 1830 30 miles (48 km) 8+ deaths - All eight deaths were in Glascock County, for which some newspapers list a death toll of 30. Some deaths in Hancock County attributed to the Sparta – Edgefield tornado tornado may actually have been from this tornado.
F4 W of Keysville to Williston, SC area Jefferson, Burkek, Richmond, Aiken (SC), Barnwell (SC) 1900 50 miles (80 km) 6+ deaths - Track likely consisted of a series of tornadoes and downbursts. About 40 homes were severely damaged or destroyed in Richmond County alone. Several farms were abandoned after debris obstructed the fields. Death toll may have been has high as 8.
F2 SW of Sylvania Bulloch 0100 unknown Eight cabins were destroyed.
North Carolina
F? S of Statesville to S of Mocksville Iredell, Davie 1600 15 miles (24 km) May have been a tornado, a downburst or a combination of the two.
F? W of Raleigh Chatham, Wake 2200 unknown Ended 10 miles (16 km) west of Raleigh.
Alabama
F4 Opelika area to Whitesville area Lee, Chambers, Harris (GA) 1930 20 miles (32 km) 7 deaths - Seven members of one family were killed. This may have been a multiple vortex tornado.
South Carolina
F3 SW of Columbia Lexington 1955 5 miles (8.0 km) 2 deaths - At least five farms were destroyed.
F3 N of Sumter to Tabor City area Sumter, Lee, Florence, Marion, Horry, Columbus (NC) 2030 80 miles (130 km) 6 deaths - A tornado family with path widths ranging from 20 yards (18 m) to nearly 1 mile (1.6 km) destroyed several plantations.
F2 S of Norway to S of Orangeburg Orangeburg 2200 25 miles (40 km) 3 deaths - Many small cabins were destroyed.
F?  Williamsburg 2330 unknown Tornado reported near "Indiantown."
F2 Dogwood Neck area Horry 0000 unknown A home was "swept away to the floor."
F? NW of Conway Horry 0000 15 miles (24 km) Tornado was not surveyed.
Sources: Grazulis p 581-583
Sparta, Georgia/Edgefield, South Carolina[edit]
A large F4 tornado tore a damage path 75 miles (121 km) long ranging from 300 yards (270 m) to over 1 mile (1.6 km) wide across portions of Georgia and South Carolina. The tornado caused its first damage northwest of Sparta, Georgia in Hancock County after which it destroyed dozens of farms. Four people were killed in Hancock county, three of them on one farm. A door hinge from the farmhouse was found embedded 3 inches (7.6 cm) deep in a tree more than 0.25 mi (0.40 km) away. At least six people died in Warren County, including one at a church west of Warrentown. The pastor attributed the survival of the majority in the church to the pews, which stopped some of the falling timbers. The tornado then moved through Camak, where 39 of the town's 40 homes were damaged or destroyed. At least seven people, possibly as many as nine, were killed in McDuffie County, most of them in small cabins. The death toll in Columbia County may have been as high as 20, though only eight deaths were confirmed. At least four people died in Appling, and as many as eight may have died on a plantation. The tornado then crossed the state line into Edgefield County, South Carolina where damage was less severe. Here, six farms and plantations were destroyed with three fatalities. The tornado finally dissipated south of Edgefield. The death toll from this tornado is listed at 28, but due to uncertainties it may have been as high as 42.[1]
See also[edit]
Tornado intensity and damage
List of North American tornadoes and tornado outbreaks
References[edit]
1.^ Jump up to: a b c Gazulis, Thomas P. (1993). Significant Tornadoes 1680-1991. A Chronology and Analysis of Events. St. Johnsbury, Vermont: Environmental Films. pp. 581–583. ISBN 1-879362-03-1.
 


Categories: F4 tornadoes
Tornadoes in Georgia (U.S. state)
Tornadoes in South Carolina
Tornadoes in North Carolina
Tornadoes in Alabama
Tornadoes in Louisiana
1875 in the United States
1875 in Georgia (U.S. state)
1875 in North Carolina
1875 in Louisiana


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1878 Wallingford tornado
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Coordinates: 41.4637°N 72.8268°W
Wallingford Tornado
Wallingford, Connecticut tornado damage picture.jpg
Picture of a destroyed house in Wallingford
 
Date(s)
August 9, 1878
Duration
~3 hours
Tornadoes caused
≥2
Damages
~$5.3 million (2007 USD)
Casualties
34
The Wallingford Tornado struck the town of Wallingford, Connecticut, on August 9, 1878. The violent tornado destroyed most of the town, killing 34 people and injuring at least 70, many severely.[1] This was the deadliest tornado ever to strike the state of Connecticut, and the second deadliest ever in New England, after the Worcester tornado of 1953.[2]


Contents  [hide]
1 Before the storm
2 The Wallingford tornado
3 Aftermath
4 See also
5 References 5.1 Book source
6 External links

Before the storm[edit]
The storm system that eventually spawned the Wallingford tornado produced damaging winds and at least one tornado far before it reached the town. The first tornado from this storm system touched down in South Kent, unroofing houses, blowing down barns, and uprooting and tossing trees into the air. It moved steadily southeast for 12 mi (19 km), moving just south of New Preston, and then through Washington, before turning north and dissipating. The next path of damage started further north along the Shepaug River. It is unknown whether this was a tornado or straight-line winds, but the damage path continued southeast for three miles before disappearing again. More damage was reported near Waterbury, where a house was unroofed two miles west of the town. In the town itself, branches and chimneys were damaged.[3][4]
As the storm approached Wallingford, observers described a black, rolling funnel, with clouds blowing in from all directions. This system passed directly over Cheshire, producing a strong wind at the surface which caused some minor damage. The storm then moved directly towards Wallingford.[4]
The Wallingford tornado[edit]

 

 Artist's conception of the tornado destroying a house
 

 Map of the tornado's path through the town
In Wallingford, the day prior to the tornado was clear, and said to be "one of the loveliest [days] of the season".[5] At around 5 p.m. the sky began to get dark, and by 5:30 p.m. the air was very black. At around 6 p.m., the air at the surface was calm, but lightning began to fill the sky, and the clouds began moving at a very rapid pace, frightening some residents into shelter.
The tornado started as a waterspout over Community Lake, just west of town. It then moved through the center of town along Christian Street, damaging almost every structure as it went. The tornado tore houses from their foundations, throwing some more than 600 feet (180 meters). A receipt from the town was later found 65 miles (105 km) east in Peacedale, Rhode Island.[4] Large trees were uprooted and snapped, and those that were still standing were stripped of small limbs and leaves. The Catholic Church was blown to bits, and heavy tombstones in the nearby cemetery were tossed around. The brand-new brick high school building was almost completely destroyed.[6] The tornado's path through town was only two miles long, but the damage path was up to 600 feet (180 meters) wide.[7]
More tornadic damage was reported in southern Durham and Killingworth, with some homes severely damaged, but there were some minor injuries, one young woman in Killingworth was injured by shards of glass from a breaking window. Some sources insist that the Wallingford tornado dissipated a few miles west of the town, and this was an entirely separate tornado, but without a modern damage survey it is impossible to tell. The parent storm finally moved out over the ocean around 8 PM.[2][4]
Aftermath[edit]

 

 Artist's drawing of damage to the grade school
A district schoolhouse was converted into a temporary morgue immediately after the storm; 21 bodies were discovered and placed there that night. One person was found dead 3300 feet (1 km) from where he had been standing.[8] The tornado brought down telegraph lines and poles around the area, so assistance from physicians in nearby towns took more than an hour.[8] More than 50 special police were sworn in to prevent looting, and to control the crowds of curious onlookers who had come by train from surrounding cities.[9]
Thirty five homes were completely destroyed, with many more being unroofed or receiving some sort of damage. Damage estimates were around $150,000 from buildings alone; utilities and railway facilities received a lot of damage as well.[8] Final estimates were around $250,000 ($5.3 million when adjusted for inflation).[4][10]
Tornadoes are not very uncommon in the state of Connecticut, but tornadoes of this power are rare. Though tornadoes have only been officially rated on the Fujita scale since 1950, this tornado has been estimated to be of F4-intensity on the scale.[2] This would make it one of only three tornadoes of this intensity to ever affect the state, as of 2008.[11] Thirty-four people were killed by the tornado—thirty-one more than the second-deadliest Connecticut tornado—and 70 others injured.[2][12]
See also[edit]
List of North American tornadoes and tornado outbreaks
List of Connecticut tornadoes
References[edit]
1.Jump up ^ "Connecticut: Tornadoes causing a death or more than five injuries". The Tornado Project. 2000. Archived from the original on 14 May 2008. Retrieved 2008-05-14.
2.^ Jump up to: a b c d Grazulis, pg. 596
3.Jump up ^ "More About the Tornado" (PDF). Hartford, Connecticut: Hartford Courant. 1878-08-16. p. 2. Archived from the original on 13 June 2008. Retrieved 2008-05-15.
4.^ Jump up to: a b c d e Annual Report of the Chief Signal-Officer (PDF). Washington, D.C.: Government Printing Office. 1878. pp. 654–661. Retrieved 2008-05-14.
5.Jump up ^ *Special Correspondent (1878-08-11). "Wallingford's Tornado" (PDF). New York Times. p. 1. Retrieved 2008-05-14.
6.Jump up ^ Perley, Sidney (1891). "Wallingford, CT Tornado, Aug 1878". Historic Storms of New England. GenDisasters. pp. 334–337. Retrieved 2008-05-14.
7.Jump up ^ "Today's Weather Trivia". National Weather Service Dodge City, KS Weather Forecast Office. 2005-11-01. Retrieved 2008-05-14.
8.^ Jump up to: a b c "Furious Northern Storms" (PDF). New York Times. 1878-08-10. p. 1. Retrieved 2008-05-14.
9.Jump up ^ "Latest from the Tornado" (PDF). Hartford, Connecticut: Hartford Courant. 1878-08-14. p. 2. Archived from the original on 14 June 2008. Retrieved 2008-05-15.
10.Jump up ^ Friedman, S. Morgan. "The Inflation Calculator". "Historical Statistics of the United States" and "Statistical Abstracts of the United States". Archived from the original on 14 October 2008. Retrieved 2008-11-01.
11.Jump up ^ Tornado Project. "Worst" Tornadoes Retrieved on July 2, 2007.
12.Jump up ^ Grazulis, p. 379
Book source[edit]
Grazulis, Thomas P (July 1993). Significant Tornadoes 1680–1991. St. Johnsbury, VT: The Tornado Project of Environmental Films. ISBN 1-879362-03-1.
Kendrick, John B. (1878). History of the Wallingford Disaster. Hartford, Conn.: The Case, Lockwood & Brainard Co. Retrieved 2009-08-15.
External links[edit]
Illustrations of tornado damage (at bottom of page)
Pictures of tornado damage
 


Categories: F4 tornadoes
Tornadoes of 1878
Tornadoes in Connecticut
1878 in the United States





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1881 Hopkins tornado
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 This article needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. (June 2013)
The Hopkins Tornado of 1881 was a tornado which occurred on June 12, 1881, near Hopkins, Missouri in Nodaway County, Missouri. Although there were originally eight tornadoes, four of the tornadoes united to form what is believed to have been one of the first recorded F5 tornadoes in history.[citation needed] The area affected by these tornadoes was lightly populated at the time, so there were only two fatalities. Several farmhouses and other properties were destroyed.[citation needed]
The four strands formed at around 3 PM[clarification needed] about six miles west of Hopkins, near the Lone Elm Schoolhouse. Before uniting, one of the strands demolished the schoolhouse. The tornado then moved in a southeast direction.[citation needed] The tornado hit the house of Zach Davidson and blew it, along with Zach, his wife and two sons and a hired man, 10 rods (around 50 meters) across a ravine. No one was injured in this incident. The tornado then blew apart Davidson's stable and carried two of his horses a quarter of mile, with both horses surviving the journey.[citation needed] The tornado then crossed the 102 River at the McMackin Mill, which was destroyed.[citation needed] The tornado hit the house of James Young and carried him and his wife 50 yards from the house, though neither survived. The tornado injured seven others.[citation needed]The storm track of the main tornado was 5-7 miles in length (3-4 miles west of the 102 River and 2-3 miles east of the river) and 100 yards to a quarter of a mile in width.[citation needed]
Five other tornadoes also occurred during this outbreak. One occurred in Rosendale, Missouri, another in Andrew County, Missouri, and three in Gentry County, Missouri and DeKalb County, Missouri.
The Fujita Scale did not exist at the time of this tornado. Thomas P. Grazulis, in Significant Tornadoes 1680-1991/a Chronology and Analysis of Events, lists the tornado as "probably" an F5.
See also[edit]
List of North American tornadoes and tornado outbreaks
References[edit]
Nodaway County Missouri, National Historical Company, 1882, pp362–366
Significant Tornadoes 1680-1991/a Chronology and Analysis of Events by Thomas P. Grazulis Environmental Films (September 1993) ISBN 1-879362-03-1
Coordinates: 40.5564°N 94.9716°W
Stub icon This article related to a specific weather event is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.




 


Categories: F5 tornadoes
Tornadoes of 1881
Nodaway County, Missouri
Tornadoes in Missouri
1881 in Missouri
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1881 Minnesota tornado outbreak
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1881 Minnesota tornado outbreak
NewUlm1881.jpg
Damage to New Ulm after the tornado
 
Date(s)
July 15-16 1881
Duration
4 hours
Tornadoes caused
at least 6
Maximum rated tornado
F4 (Fujita scale)
Casualties
24
The 1881 Minnesota tornado outbreak was a deadly tornado outbreak that struck southern Minnesota on July 15, 1881 through July 16, 1881. At least six tornadoes touched down between 2:00 pm – 6:00 pm CST, killing 24 people and injuring 123.

Contents  [hide]
1 New Ulm
2 Other tornadoes
3 See also
4 References
5 External links

New Ulm[edit]
A tornado estimated at F4 strength passed through the town of New Ulm at 3:30 pm. The town was hard hit, with 247 buildings damaged or destroyed. The tornado also swept away five farms outside of town in rural portions of Renville County. The New Ulm tornado and killed a total of 20 people, and injured many more. Six of the fatalities occurred in the town itself. While estimated to have an F4, it is mentioned as a probable F5 by Grazulis.[1] [2]
Other tornadoes[edit]
In addition to the New Ulm tornado, five other strong tornadoes were recorded across southern Minnesota. Many farms were damaged or destroyed, and at least four other fatalities occurred.[1]
See also[edit]
Climate of Minnesota
List of North American tornadoes and tornado outbreaks
References[edit]
1.^ Jump up to: a b Grazulis, Thomas P (July 1993). Significant Tornadoes 1680-1991. St. Johnsbury, VT: The Tornado Project of Environmental Films. ISBN 1-879362-03-1.
2.Jump up ^ Seeley, Mark W. (2006). Minnesota Weather Almanac. Minnesota Historical Society press. p. 183. ISBN 0-87351-554-4.
External links[edit]
Minnesota Tornado History and Statistics
Gendisasters.com
 


Categories: F4 tornadoes
Tornadoes of 1881
Tornadoes in Minnesota
1881 in Minnesota


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1883 Rochester tornado
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 This article needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. (June 2013)
1883 Rochester tornado

F5 tornado
Rochestertor.jpg
Damage from the F5 tornado that struck Rochester, MN.
 
Date
August 21, 1883
Time
5:30 p.m. CDT
Casualties
37
Damages
$700,000
Areas affected
Rochester, Minnesota
The 1883 Rochester tornado was an F5 (estimated) tornado that hit Rochester, Minnesota on August 21, 1883. The tornado was one in a series of tornadoes that hit Southeast Minnesota on that day, causing at least 37 deaths and over 200 injuries, and it was the impetus for the creation of the Mayo Clinic.[1] On July 21, two other tornadoes struck the area. An F4 tornado was one of a family of tornadoes that killed 4 people near Dodge Center (15 miles west of Rochester), and an F2 tornado devastated Elgin, 10 miles (16 km) northeast of Rochester.


Contents  [hide]
1 The outbreak
2 Impact
3 See also
4 References
5 External links

The outbreak[edit]

 

 Path of the F5 tornado in Rochester, Minnesota
According to Joseph Leonard as written in History of Olmsted County, Minnesota,
“ At Rochester the day had been hot with a strong southeast wind, the air was smoky and oppressive, the heavens were overcast with clouds of a dull leaden line, and there were, apparently, three strata, all moving in different directions. ”
Although meteorology in 1883 was primitive compared with modern science, Leonard's observations reveal quite a bit about the atmospheric conditions in Rochester that day. High temperatures, high humidity, strong surface winds, and vertical wind shear appear to have all been present, and all are key factors in the development of thunderstorms and tornadoes. The Rochester tornado was one of at least 3 violent tornadoes that hit southeastern Minnesota that day, but because the Rochester twister was so devastating, the other two were largely ignored by the press and relatively little is known about them.
The first tornado touched down at 3:30 PM just 10 miles (16 km) south of Rochester near Pleasant Grove. This tornado was approximated at an F3, and it killed 2 people and injured 10.
The second tornado was the large F5 that made a direct hit on Rochester. It touched down at 5:30 PM near Hayfield, traveling 25 miles (40 km) before lifting back up after it hit Rochester. It killed 37 and injured over 200, mostly in Rochester.[2] Forty farms were hit and at least 10 were leveled, some with homes swept away. A metal railroad trestle was completely destroyed, and a wooden plank was driven through the trunk of a tree. The northern third of Rochester was devastated, with 135 homes destroyed and 200 damaged.[3]
The third tornado, approximated at an F2, touched down at 8:30 PM just 15 miles (24 km) to the east of Rochester near St. Charles. It killed 1 person and injured 19.[4]
Impact[edit]
The city of Rochester did not have a place to treat the injured from this tornado, as there were only 3 hospitals in the state of Minnesota outside of the Twin Cities at that time; none were near Rochester. After the tornado struck, a dance hall (Rommel Hall) was transformed into a temporary emergency room.[5]
Doctors William Mayo and his two sons, William and Charles, took charge of caring for the patients. Mother Mary Alfred Moes of the Sisters of St. Francis helped care for the patients as well. After this disaster, the Mayo family and the Sisters of St. Francis realized the need of a hospital in Rochester. They banded together to form St. Mary's Hospital, which ultimately led to the creation of the Mayo Clinic and the Tornado Guild, a group dedicated to protecting all Minnesotans from the ravages of the swirling winds.
See also[edit]
Climate of Minnesota
List of F5 tornadoes
List of North American tornadoes and tornado outbreaks
References[edit]
1.Jump up ^ "The Rochester, MN Tornado of 1883". NOAA. Retrieved 2006-12-22.
2.Jump up ^ "Tornadoes in northeast Iowa, southeast Minnesota, and southwest and central Wisconsin". NOAA. Retrieved 2006-12-22.
3.Jump up ^ http://www.crh.noaa.gov/arx/?n=aug211883photos
4.Jump up ^ "Winona County (MN) Tornadoes* 1850-2006". NOAA. Retrieved 2006-12-22.
5.Jump up ^ "Winds of Change: An Improvised Hospital". Mayo Clinic - Tradition and Heritage. Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research. Archived from the original on 22 January 2007. Retrieved 2006-12-22.
External links[edit]
gendisasters.com The history of Olmstead County, Minnesota
Damage Photographs - Minnesota Digital Reflections
 


Categories: F5 tornadoes
Rochester, Minnesota
Tornadoes of 1883
Tornadoes in Minnesota
1883 in Minnesota





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Enigma tornado outbreak
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1884 Enigma outbreak

Date(s)
February 19–20, 1884
Duration
15 hours
Tornadoes caused
60+ estimated
Maximum rated tornado
F4 (Fujita scale)
Damages
unknown
Casualties
178 - 1200
The 1884 Enigma outbreak is thought to be among the largest and most widespread tornado outbreaks in American history, striking on February 19–20, 1884.
As the precise number of tornadoes as well as fatalities incurred during the outbreak are unknown, the nickname "Enigma outbreak" has come to be associated with the storm. Nonetheless, an inspection of newspaper reports and governmental studies published in the aftermath reveals tornadoes (or more likely — long-track tornado families) striking Alabama, Georgia, Illinois, Indiana, Kentucky, Mississippi, North Carolina, South Carolina, Tennessee and Virginia, with an estimation of at least 50 tornadoes.[1] Some events counted as tornadoes in initial studies such as those by John Park Finley were downbursts, especially in northern and northeastern portions of the outbreak.[1]
The majority of reported tornado activity was seen across Alabama, Georgia, South Carolina and North Carolina, which were all struck severely by multiple waves of tornado families. In the Southeast, the outbreak began during the late morning in Mississippi, preceded by severe thunderstorms in Louisiana.[2] Shortly thereafter, the outbreak widened and intensified, progressing from Alabama to Virginia between noon and midnight.[2]
Elsewhere, wind damage, flash flood (with homes swept away by water in Louisville, Kentucky, New Albany, Indiana, and Jeffersonville, Indiana and other towns along the Ohio River) and derecho-like effects in the Ohio Valley were also reported in published accounts of the outbreak. Blizzard conditions occurred in the eastern Midwest.[2]
According to an article appearing in the Statesville (NC) Landmark three days later, the damage tally in Georgia alone was estimated to be $1 million, in 1884 dollars.[3] Tabulations from 1884 estimate a total of $3–4 million in tornado damage (with an unknown amount of flood and other damage), with 10,000 structures destroyed.[4]


Contents  [hide]
1 Confirmed tornadoes 1.1 February 19 event
1.2 February 20 event
2 Polkton / Ansonville tornado
3 Pioneer Mills tornado
4 Rockingham tornado
5 See also
6 References
7 Sources
8 External links

Confirmed tornadoes[edit]
Confirmed
Total Confirmed
F? Confirmed
F0 Confirmed
F1 Confirmed
F2 Confirmed
F3 Confirmed
F4 Confirmed
F5
51+* 14 ? ? 24 9 4 0
Notes: This is a list of only the confirmed tornadoes from the outbreak; some confirmed tornadoes were left unrated.
February 19 event[edit]

[show]List of confirmed tornadoes - February 19, 1884


 
 
 
 
 


     
     

     
     
     
     
     
     

     
     
     
     
     
     
     
     
     
     
     
     
     
     
     
     
     
     

     
     
     
     
     
     
     
     

     
     
     
     
     
     
     
     
     

     
     

     
     
     
 
February 20 event[edit]

[hide]List of confirmed tornadoes - February 20, 1884

F#

Location

County

Time (UTC)

Path length

Damage

South Carolina
F2 Branchville Orangeburg 0600 unknown Homes destroyed near Branchville. Rated F2.[1]
F2 Foreston area Clarendon, Williamsburg 0700 unknown Most severe damage was south of Foreston. Damage path was up to 0.3 miles (0.48 km) wide.[1][9]
Virginia
F? W of Petersburg Dinwiddie, Chesterfield 0600 unknown Tornado/downburst complex of unknown magnitude passed near Petersburg, where downburst damage was noted throughout the city.[2]
Sources:[7][12]
Polkton / Ansonville tornado[edit]
This was the first of a number of destructive North Carolina storms. Detailed coverage in a newspaper in Wadesboro, NC provides an unusually (by 19th century standards) precise survey of the movement and damage produced by three of those storms in the southern piedmont region of NC.
This storm first formed in southeastern Union County, from a supercell that had produced significant damage in South Carolina earlier. Most of the path of this storm was in rural areas, with injuries and major damage along Beaverdam Creek, south of Marshville in Union County, and along Brown Creek in Anson County, northeast of Polkton.
Significant damage also occurred in and around the towns of Polkton and Ansonville, where structures in both towns were widely damaged, with homes and farm buildings destroyed south of Ansonville. A total of four people were killed. Eyewitnesses in Polkton noted that the storm "crossed the railroad about a mile east of Polkton last night prostrating everything in its course. Could see the storm from Polkton by lightning, looked like a cloud of dense smoke and sounded like thunder. Hail stones measuring 2½ inches long, 1½ inches wide and one inch thick fell."
Homes also destroyed near Pekin, in Montgomery County.[1][2][10]
Pioneer Mills tornado[edit]
This storm was preceded and followed by a wide area of downburst damage - with scattered areas of damage to farms and small structures reported across a wide area of southern Cabarrus County, eastern Mecklenburg County (NE of Mint Hill) and the Goose Creek area of northwestern Union County.[10]
The first tornado-specific damage occurred in the Pioneer Mills community between Harrisburg and Midland in Cabarrus County, where a mill was destroyed and estimated F2 damage was inflicted upon several residences.[1] Storm passed within two miles (3 km) of Albemarle; little damage was recorded elsewhere in Stanly County. Several poorly constructed buildings were destroyed along the Uwharrie River in Montgomery County, and damage to farms was widespread in the county. One person was killed. Downburst damage continued to SW of Asheboro.[1][7][10]
Rockingham tornado[edit]
Spawned late in the outbreak, the storm which swept from Anson to Harnett Counties in North Carolina passed through the Rockingham area, and became the deadliest tornado in recorded North Carolina history. This storm first touched down east of the town of McFarlan, in southeastern Anson County. The storm produced little damage in Anson County.
Tracking to the northeast, it crossed the Pee Dee River into Richmond County, and produced sporadic damage until just southeast of Rockingham. Extreme damage to pine forests was first noted just south of town. Strengthening considerably, the storm swept through the southeast edge of Rockingham, where large homes were destroyed to their foundations, and large hardwood trees were snapped at ground level. The Philadelphia Church community (presently on US Highway 1, 3 miles northeast of downtown Rockingham) was devastated, with most of the poorly constructed dwellings in the community completely destroyed. The storm had widened to nearly 1 mile in width at this point.
The storm then tracked through what is now the town of Hoffman, before entering Moore County. Severe damage was again seen in the community of Manly (presently at the northeast corner of the city of Southern Pines). The storm then curved slightly to the east, dissipating into a wide area of downburst damage near the community of Johnsonville. A total of 23 people were killed.
An unusually detailed accounting of the storm's passage through Richmond County, NC was provided two days later: a local resident undertook an informal, but detailed survey of the damage produced by the storm, and this account was published in an Anson County (NC) newspaper.[10] This accounting establishes a steady SW-to-NE movement through the county, with a number of buildings - sharecropper cabins, large homes, and a mill - swept away along the path. As the storm passed 1 mile (1.6 km) SE of downtown Rockingham, it may have peaked in intensity; it was noted that all structures along a 5 miles (8.0 km) segment of the path (beginning at this point) were destroyed. The surveyor noted a path width of 0.25 miles (0.40 km) to 0.5 miles (0.80 km), with the most extreme damage (and most deaths) in the Philadelphia Church community. The surveyor noted that:
Trees were taken up by the roots and hurled with fearful rapidity through the air and those not uprooted had all the bark taken off. The scene after the storm, particularly the position of the prostrate trees, indicated a convergence toward the center, as if a vacuum was created there and the wind rushed in from either side to fill it.[10]
A second, detailed survey of the path was made 10 days later by J.A. Holmes; his findings were published in the Elisha Mitchell Scientific Society journal for 1884.
Eyewitnesses reported large hail and intense lightning displays preceding the storm. Moving to the northeast, away from Rockingham, the storm also produced severe damage in the Keyser and Manly communities, along the southeast edge of Moore County.[1][2][10]
See also[edit]
List of North American tornadoes and tornado outbreaks
References[edit]
1.^ Jump up to: a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa ab ac ad ae Grazulis, Thomas P. (July 1993). Significant Tornadoes 1680–1991: A Chronology and Analysis of Events. St. Johnsbury, VT: The Tornado Project of Environmental Films. ISBN 1-879362-03-1.
2.^ Jump up to: a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x New York Times, New York. February 21, 1884.
3.Jump up ^ The (Statesville) Landmark, Statesville North Carolina. February 22, 1884.
4.Jump up ^ Finley, John P. Tornadoes: What They Are and How To Observe Them; With Practical Suggestions For The Protection of Life and Property, pages 98–103. The Insurance Monitor, New York, NY, 1887.
5.^ Jump up to: a b c d e f http://docs.lib.noaa.gov/rescue/mwr/053/mwr-053-10-0437.pdf
6.^ Jump up to: a b c National Weather Service in Birmingham, Alabama (June 20, 2006). "Alabama Tornado Database 1884". National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. Retrieved April 3, 2009.[dead link]
7.^ Jump up to: a b c d e f g h i Fort Wayne Daily Gazette, Fort Wayne, Indiana. February 22, 1884.
8.^ Jump up to: a b c d Oshkosh Daily Northwestern, Oshkosh, WI. February 23, 1884.
9.^ Jump up to: a b c d Sioux Valley News, Correctionville, Iowa. February 28, 1884.
10.^ Jump up to: a b c d e f g h i j k l Anson Times, Wadesboro, NC. February 21, 1884.
11.Jump up ^ Statesville Landmark, Statesville, NC. February 29, 1884
12.^ Jump up to: a b American Meteorological Society, Monthly Weather Review. Volume 64, Issue 5, May 1936
Sources[edit]
Finley, John P. Tornadoes: What They Are and How To Observe Them; With Practical Suggestions For The Protection of Life and Property. The Insurance Monitor, New York, NY, 1887. A survey of United States tornado history and statistics through 1887; presented to the U.S. Congress in response to this outbreak.
Galway, Joseph G. Early Severe Thunderstorm Forecasting and Research By the United States Weather Bureau, pages 565–566. http://ams.allenpress.com/archive/1520-0434/7/4/pdf/i1520-0434-7-4-564.pdf; discussion of Finley's early efforts, including weather charts of the Enigma outbreak in progress.

External links[edit]
February 19, 1884 — The Enigma Outbreak (Shawn Schuman)


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Categories: F4 tornadoes
Tornadoes of 1884
Tornadoes in Alabama
Tornadoes in Georgia (U.S. state)
Tornadoes in Illinois
Tornadoes in Indiana
Tornadoes in Kentucky
Tornadoes in Mississippi
Tornadoes in North Carolina
Tornadoes in South Carolina
Tornadoes in Tennessee
Tornadoes in Virginia
Concord, North Carolina
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1884 Howard, South Dakota tornado
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 Photograph of the Howard tornado of August 28, 1884, by F.N. Robinson
The 1884 Howard, South Dakota tornado was a large tornado that occurred on August 28, 1884, near Howard, South Dakota, which was then part of the Dakota Territory. It demolished one farm, located south of Bridgewater, South Dakota. Four people were killed there and two injured. It was one of an outbreak of four very strong tornadoes in the area that day. Contemporary records and survivors' recollections indicate that the storms were F3 or F4 on the Fujita scale.[1]
This was one of the first tornadoes of which there is a photograph.[2] The photographer was F.N. Robinson, who observed the tornado from a street in the town of Howard, about 3 km east of the storm track.[1]
See also[edit]
List of North American tornadoes and tornado outbreaks
References[edit]
1.^ Jump up to: a b John T. Snow, Early Tornado Photographs, Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society 65:4 (April 1984), 360-364.
2.Jump up ^ "Oldest Known Photo of a Tornado - August 28, 1884". National Weather Service Forecast Office, Peachtree City, Georgia. Archived from the original on May 30, 2009.



Stub icon This article related to a specific weather event is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.




 


Categories: Tornado outbreaks with no Fujita scale ratings given
Tornadoes of 1884
Tornadoes in South Dakota
1884 in Dakota Territory
McCook County, South Dakota
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1886 Sauk Rapids tornado
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1886 Sauk Rapids Tornado

F4 tornado
Pf077683.jpg
The Sauk Rapids courthouse in ruins
 
Date
April 14, 1886
Time
4:00 p.m. CST
Casualties
72 fatalities, more than 200 injuries
Damages
$400,000
Areas affected
Central Minnesota, United States
The 1886 Sauk Rapids Tornado was a tornado that tore through the cities of Sauk Rapids, St. Cloud, and Rice, Minnesota on April 14, 1886. It destroyed much of the town of Sauk Rapids and killed 72 people along its path. It is Minnesota's deadliest tornado on record. Other tornadoes on this day occurred in Iowa, Kansas, Missouri, and Texas suggesting the possibility of a large outbreak.


Contents  [hide]
1 Tornado
2 Relief efforts
3 Impact
4 See also
5 References
6 External links

Tornado[edit]

 

 Destruction in Sauk Rapids after the tornado
At 4:00 p.m. a tornado of approximately F4 intensity cut through the heart of Sauk Rapids. It was one of at least four tornadoes that affected the region between 3:00 p.m. – 5:00 p.m. that day. It had a maximum width of 1/2 mile (0.8 km) and was on the ground for 14 miles (22 km).[1] As the storm moved across the Mississippi River it temporarily sucked it dry.[1] Some of the structures the tornado destroyed included an iron truss bridge spanning the Mississippi River, the post office, courthouse, a flour mill, a school, and two churches.[1] Fifteen rail cars were demolished, and iron rails from the train track were pulled up and mangled.[2] After it passed through Sauk Rapids it moved on to Rice where it killed 11 people in a wedding party when the home they were in was destroyed. In all, 72 people were killed by the twister, including 38 in Sauk Rapids and 20 in St. Cloud. Over 200 more were injured.
 It was dangerous
Relief efforts[edit]
St. Benedict's Hospital in St. Cloud, which had been spared by the tornado, became the center of relief efforts following the destruction. The Benedictine nuns who operated the hospital worked 48 hours straight until aid arrived from nearby towns and Minneapolis and St. Paul. Over 50 patients were taken to St. Mary's school and convent in nearby St. Joseph where the teaching sisters served as nurses.[3]
Impact[edit]
Before this tornado, Sauk Rapids was considered one of the most important towns in Minnesota and a business center of central Minnesota.[4][5] It was a blossoming community located on the Mississippi River in Central Minnesota. However the tornado changed the economic structure of the entire area after it destroyed at least 109 commercial or public buildings in Sauk Rapids alone, including every business on main street, causing over $400,000 (1886 dollars) in damages. Today, this would mean more than 40,000,000 US dollars.[5][6] After the tornado, St. Cloud became the dominant business center in the region.
See also[edit]
Climate of Minnesota
List of Minnesota weather records
List of North American tornadoes and tornado outbreaks
References[edit]
1.^ Jump up to: a b c Seeley, Mark W. (2006). Minnesota Weather Almanac. Minnesota Historical Society press. ISBN 0-87351-554-4.
2.Jump up ^ "Monthly Weather Review" (PDF). National Weather Service. April 1886. Retrieved 2007-05-15.
3.Jump up ^ Dominik, John J. (1986). That You May Find Healing. St. Cloud, Minn: St. Cloud Hospital. p. 8.
4.Jump up ^ "Sauk Rapids History". City of Sauk Rapids. Retrieved 2007-05-15.
5.^ Jump up to: a b "Communities In Crisis". Stearns County History Museum. Retrieved 2007-05-15.
6.Jump up ^ "APRIL IN THE UPPER MIDWEST". Intellicast.com. Archived from the original on 20 May 2007. Retrieved 2007-05-15.
External links[edit]
Images of America: Benton County and Sauk Rapids, Copyright 2002 Ronald C. Zurek, ISBN 0-7385-1960-X, Arcadia Publishing.
gendisasters.com
"IN RUINS," Minneapolis Tribune newspaper account of the disaster
Cyclone Image from the Saint Benedict's Monastery Collection in Vivarium the Digital Image Collection of the College of Saint Benedict/Saint John's University
Section of With Lamps Burning discussing the cyclone from the book With Lamps Burning, an early history of the Saint Benedict's Monastery, by Grace McDonald. Made available online by the College of Saint Benedict Archives.
 


Categories: Benton County, Minnesota
F4 tornadoes
Natural disasters in Minnesota
Stearns County, Minnesota
Tornadoes of 1886
Tornadoes in Minnesota
1886 in Minnesota


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March 1890 middle Mississippi Valley tornado outbreak
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 Memorial to the 1890 tornado, on Main Street in downtown Louisville; images of the destruction, furnished by The Filson Historical Society, ring the structure at pedestrian level
The middle Mississippi Valley tornado outbreak was a major tornado outbreak occurring in the middle United States on March 27, 1890. To this day, this outbreak is still one of the most deadly tornado events in U.S. history. At least 24 significant tornadoes were recorded to have spawned from this system, and at least 146 people were killed by tornadoes that day.[1]
The most notable of the spawned tornadoes was one measuring F4 on the Fujita scale, which visited Louisville, Kentucky. The tornado carved a path from the Parkland neighborhood all the way to Crescent Hill, destroying 766 buildings ($2½ million worth of property) and killing an estimated 76 to 120 people. At least 55 of those deaths occurred when the Falls City Hall collapsed. This is one of the highest death tolls due to a single building collapse from a tornado in U.S. history. In addition, it was one of the 25 most deadly tornadoes in U.S. history until May 22, 2011. It was relegated to 26th when the May 22, 2011, tornado in Joplin, Missouri, killed 158.
The day after the destruction, the Louisville Courier-Journal labeled the tornado "the whirling tiger of the air".
Due to the fast pace of reconstruction, there was almost no sign of this tornado having occurred just one year later.


Contents  [hide]
1 Tornado table 1.1 March 27 event
2 See also
3 References 3.1 Bibliography
4 External links

Tornado table[edit]
Confirmed
Total Confirmed
F0 Confirmed
F1 Confirmed
F2 Confirmed
F3 Confirmed
F4 Confirmed
F5
24 ? ? 12 6 6 0

March 27 event[edit]

F#
Location
County
Time (UTC)
Path length
Damage
Missouri
F2 S of Ste. Genevieve Ste. Genevieve, Randolph (IL) 2100 7 miles (11 km) A church was struck in Missouri, before the tornado crossed into Illinois and destroyed a barn.
F2 Bloomsdale area Ste. Genevieve 2100 5 miles (8.0 km) Four homes were destroyed in Bloomsdale.
F2 SW of Rockwood, IL, to E of Sunfield Perry, Randolph (IL), Jackson (IL), Perry (IL) 2100 33 miles (53 km) 3 deaths — Trees with trunks 18 inches (1.5 ft) thick were carried from the Missouri side of the river into Illinois. Fatalities occurred near Rockwood, Shiloh Hill, and Campbell. Homes were unroofed near Sunfield as well. An F5 tornado also hit Sunfield on December 18, 1957.
F4 Grand Tower, IL/Poplar Ridge areas Cape Girardeau, Perry, Jackson (IL) 2220 30 miles (48 km) 7 deaths — Tornado began near Shawneetown before crossing into Illinois. The tornado struck the town of Grand Tower, where 27 homes were destroyed, some of which were swept away. Four people died in Grand Tower. Several homes were leveled at the small community of Poplar Ridge (south of Murphysboro) as well, where two people died. At least 80 people were injured before the tornado lifted north of Carbondale.
F3 E of Charleston to Bird's Point Mississippi, Ballard (KY) 2225 20 miles (32 km) 4 deaths — Tornado struck the communities of Huff's Station and Bird's Point. A family of four was killed in Huff's Station, where several buildings were destroyed and trees were debarked. At least 8 buildings were destroyed at Bird's Point. Five others were injured. Tornado continued into Kentucky before dissipating.
F4 NE of Scott City to Stonefort, IL Scott, Alexander (IL), Union (IL), Johnson (IL), Williamson (IL) 2245 55 miles (89 km) 2 deaths — A tornado family began northwest of Thebes, Illinois, then crossed into Illinois. It destroyed two-dozen farm homes around the communities of Mill Creek, Springville (now a ghost town south of Jonesboro), and Mt. Pleasant. Additional homes were destroyed near Vienna. A school was destroyed near Stonefort, and seats from that location were found 2 miles (3.2 km) away. 30 people were injured.
Illinois
F2 NW of Belleville St. Clair 2115 8 miles (13 km) 1 death — Three homes were destroyed and one person was killed near Centreville. Two people were injured near Cahokia as well. A total of seven people were injured along the path.
F2 S of McClure Alexander 2230 unknown A house and a barn were destroyed.
F3 W of Sparta to NE of Nashville Randolph, Perry, Washington, Jefferson 2315 40 miles (64 km) 1 death — A man was killed in the Pollander community. The community of Little Prairie was completely destroyed. At least two or three tornadoes were likely involved.[1]
F2 Olney area Richland 2330 6 miles (9.7 km) A farm home was destroyed near the beginning of the path, and 32 homes were damaged or destroyed in town. Many businesses were unroofed and 5 people were injured. Caused $50,000 in damage.
F2 SW of Xenia Wayne, Clay 0000 10 miles (16 km) Tornado struck eight homes and 20 barns.
F2 W of Carmi to Crossville White 0000 5 miles (8.0 km) 1 death — Multiple homes were destroyed along the path.
Indiana
F3 SW of Owensville Posey, Gibson 0200 25 miles (40 km) Tornado blew apart buildings on 15 farms, including at least five homes.
Kentucky
F4 E of Kevil to West Louisville McCracken, Massac(IL), Pope(IL), Livingston, Crittenden, Webster, Daviess 2315 95 miles (153 km) 21+ deaths — Tornado began in Kentucky and crossed into Illinois and struck Metropolis, where over 100 buildings were unroofed or blown over, $150,000 in damage was done, and one person was killed. Tornado crossed back into Kentucky and traveled across rural areas, destroying homes, trees, and causing numerous fatalities. May have been a tornado family.[1]
F4 NW of Benton to E of Eddyville Marshall, Lyon 0000 25 miles (40 km) 7 deaths — Half of the buildings were destroyed in Grand Rivers, and forests, homes, and farms were destroyed in rural areas. Three people died in homes near Kuttawa and Eddyville. 50 people were injured.
F4 W of Shively to Jeffersonville, IN Jefferson, Clark (IN) 0057 15 miles (24 km) 76+ deaths — Tornado tore through the Parkland neighborhood, leveling multiple homes. The tornado went on to strike downtown Louisville, where several multi-story buildings were reduced to rubble. The Falls City Hall was completely leveled, and 55 fatalities occurred there. Caused $2,500,00 in damage. Damage occurred in Indiana as well, but it is not clear if it was from a tornado or downburst winds.
F2 N of Patesville to S of Knottsville Daviess, Hancock 0100 25 miles (40 km) 2 deaths — Fatalities occurred in destroyed homes.
F2 SE of Cadiz to W of Hopkinsville Trigg, Christian 0100 10 miles (16 km) Farm homes were destroyed. Caused $30,000 in damage.
F3 S of Eminence to N of Pleasureville Shelby, Henry 0115 5 miles (8.0 km) 3 deaths — Four farm homes were destroyed, with a family of three killed at one of them. 10 people were injured.
F4 NW of Hartford to Rineyville area Ohio, Grayson, Breckenridge, Hardin 0200 60 miles (97 km) 7 deaths — Likely a tornado family. Many small farming communities and acres of forest were leveled along the path. Homes reportedly "vanished" near Sulphur Springs and Falls of Rough. Long-time residents compared the damage to that of another tornado which destroyed Big Spring on March 19, 1849.
F3 S of Scottsville to near Tracy Barren, Allen 0300 15 miles (24 km) 4+ deaths — Multiple homes were destroyed along the path. At least 20 people were injured. May have killed up to 17 people.
Tennessee
F3 N of Gallatin to E of Westmoreland Sumner, Macon 0245 15 miles (24 km) 5+ deaths — All eight homes and two stores were destroyed in the small community of Rogana (south of Bethpage). May have killed upwards of 20 people in rural areas.
F2 NE of Fosterville to SE of Murfreesboro Rutherford 0330 10 miles (16 km) Homes were destroyed in the southern part of the county.
F2 Fayetteville Lincoln 0400 unknown 1 death — Forty homes were damaged or destroyed in the NW part of Fayetteville. One person was crushed to death under a wall. 15 others were injured.
Sources: Grazulis (1993)[1]
See also[edit]
Columbia Building
History of Louisville, Kentucky
List of North American tornadoes and tornado outbreaks
Southern Exposition
Super Outbreak
References[edit]
1.^ Jump up to: a b c d Grazulis, Significant, pp. 648-651
Bibliography[edit]
Grazulis, Thomas P. (1993). Significant Tornadoes 1680-1991: A Chronology and Analysis of Events. Environmental Films. ISBN 1-879362-03-1.
— (2003). The Tornado: Nature’s Ultimate Windstorm. University of Oklahoma Press. ISBN 978-0-8061-3538-0.
Yater, George H. (1987). Two Hundred Years at the Fall of the Ohio: A History of Louisville and Jefferson County (2nd edition ed.). Filson Club, Incorporated.
External links[edit]
"Whirling Tigers of the Air: A Century of Louisville Tornadoes". Archived from the original on 2006-09-10. — Historical tornado damage images and narrative from the University of Louisville Photographic Archives
"The Great Cyclone of 1890: Tragedy Struck Louisville" — Article by Civil War historian/author Bryan S. Bush
Louisville, KY Tornado, Mar 1890 at GenDisasters.com
 


Categories: F4 tornadoes
Tornadoes of 1890
Tornadoes in Kentucky
History of Louisville, Kentucky
1890 in the United States


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1892 Southern Minnesota tornado
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1892 Southern Minnesota tornado

F5 tornado

Date
June 15, 1892
Time
3:00 pm
Casualties
12
Damages
unknown
Areas affected
Southern Minnesota
The 1892 Southern Minnesota tornado was a large and deadly tornado that struck several communities across southern Minnesota on June 15, 1892.[1] It had a width of 500 yards (457 m) wide and was on the ground for 40 miles (64 km). The twister was estimated to have been an F5 on the Fujita scale.[2] It killed 12 people in and injured 76 others.[1]

Contents  [hide]
1 Tornado path
2 See also
3 References
4 External links

Tornado path[edit]
The twister touched down after 3:00 pm in Jackson County in southwestern Minnesota, and after moving east destroyed a schoolhouse near Sherburn in Martin County. The teacher and 16 students were injured, but nobody was killed.[1] As the tornado moved into Faribault County, it swept away several farmsteads near Easton, throwing timbers from homes up to 3 miles (5 km) away and spearing them into the ground.[1] The tornado then crossed Freeborn County before finally lifting back into the clouds in Steele County.
See also[edit]
Climate of Minnesota
List of F5 and EF5 tornadoes
List of North American tornadoes and tornado outbreaks
References[edit]
1.^ Jump up to: a b c d Seeley, Mark W. (2006). Minnesota Weather Almanac. Minnesota Historical Society press. p. 186. ISBN 0-87351-554-4.
2.Jump up ^ Grazulis, Thomas P. (July 1993). Significant Tornadoes 1680-1991. A Chronology and Analysis of Events. St. Johnsbury, VT: The Tornado Project of Environmental Films. ISBN 1-879362-03-1.
External links[edit]
Minnesota Tornado History and Statistics
 


Categories: F5 tornadoes
Tornadoes of 1892
Tornadoes in Minnesota
1892 in Minnesota


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1896 St. Louis–East St. Louis tornado
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  (Redirected from St. Louis-East St. Louis Tornado)
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This article is about the St. Louis, Missouri tornado of 1896. For other St. Louis tornadoes, see St. Louis tornado history.
1896 St. Louis-East St. Louis tornado
St Louis Jefferson-Allen Damage.jpg
Damage at Jefferson and Allen Avenues
 
Date(s)
May 27–28, 1896
Duration
Unknown
Tornadoes caused
Unknown
Maximum rated tornado
F4 (Fujita scale)
Damages
$3.8 billion (2009 US$)
Casualties
255
The 1896 St. Louis – East St. Louis tornado is a historic tornado event that occurred on Wednesday, May 27, 1896, as part of a major tornado outbreak across the Central United States on the 27th, continuing across the Eastern United States on the 28th.[1] One of the deadliest and most destructive tornadoes in U.S. history, this very large, long-track, and violent tornado was the most notable of an outbreak which produced other large, long-track, violent, killer tornadoes. It caused over $10,000,000 in damage (1896).
Confirmed
Total Confirmed
F0 Confirmed
F1 Confirmed
F2 Confirmed
F3 Confirmed
F4 Confirmed
F5
14 0 0 5 5 4 0


Contents  [hide]
1 May 27 outbreak 1.1 St. Louis – East St. Louis tornado
2 In perspective 2.1 St. Louis tornado history
2.2 Other May 1896 tornadoes
2.3 1896 tornado season
3 See also
4 References
5 Further reading
6 External links

May 27 outbreak[edit]
The first significant tornado of the day formed near Bellflower, Missouri and killed a woman. Three students died and sixteen were injured when the Dye School in Audrain County, Missouri was hit at around 6:15 pm. The same tornado killed one student and injured 19 others at the Bean Creek school a few minutes later. At 6:30, two supercell thunderstorms produced two tornadoes. One decimated farms in New Minden, Hoyleton, Richview, and Irvington, Illinois.
Twenty-seven more people died in the other Illinois tornadoes of this outbreak.
St. Louis – East St. Louis tornado[edit]
The tornado spawned from the other supercell became the third deadliest and the most costly tornado in United States history. It touched down in St. Louis, Missouri, then one of the largest and most influential cities in the country. One-hundred-and-thirty-seven people died as the tornado traversed the core of the city leaving a mile wide (1.6 km) continuous swath of destroyed homes, schools, saloons, factories, mills, churches, parks, and railroad yards. A few of the destroyed homes were swept away. Numerous trees were downed at the 36-acre Lafayette Park, and a barometer recorded a drop to 26.74 at this location. More people probably died on boats on the Mississippi River as the bodies may have gone downriver.
When the tornado crossed the river and struck the Eads Bridge, a 2x10 wooden plank was found driven through a 5/16 wrought iron plate. The tornado continued into East St. Louis, Illinois, where it was smaller, but more intense. Homes and buildings along the river were completely swept away and a quarter of the buildings there were damaged or destroyed. An additional 118 people were killed, and 35 of those deaths alone occurred at the Vandalia railroad freight yards. The confirmed death toll is 255, with some estimates above 400. More than 1,000 were injured. The tornado was later rated F4 on the Fujita scale.[2] Enough damage was done to the city that there was some question that St. Louis might not be able to host the 1896 Republican National Convention in June.
In perspective[edit]
St. Louis tornado history[edit]
Main article: St. Louis tornado history
It is somewhat rare for the core of a large city to be hit directly by a tornado (due to their relatively small area and the relative lack of large cities in the highest tornado threat region)—especially a large intense tornado—yet several other tornadoes have tracked through the City of St. Louis and several of these tornadoes were also very deadly and destructive. Among these events are: 1871 (9 killed), 1890 (4 killed), 1904 (3 killed, 100 injured), 1927 (79 killed, 550 injured, once the 2nd costliest in US history),[2] and 1959 (21 killed, 345 injured).[3] This makes St. Louis the worst tornado afflicted urban area in the U.S.[4] Additionally, the Greater St. Louis area is the scene of even more historically destructive and deadly tornadoes.
Other May 1896 tornadoes[edit]
Main article: May 1896 tornado outbreak sequence
In what was apparently an intense tornado outbreak sequence, other major tornado outbreaks occurred on May 15, May 17, and May 24–25, with other smaller outbreaks during the month as well. The middle to end of May was extremely active but sparse records preclude knowing much detail. Tom Grazulis has stated that the week of May 24–28 was "perhaps the most violent single week of tornado activity in US history".[5]
1896 tornado season[edit]
The 1896 tornado season has the distinction of being one of the deadliest in United States history. There were at least 40 killer tornadoes spanning from April 11 to November 26; including this one, the only one to kill more than 100 people in two separate cities.[5]
See also[edit]
 Wikimedia Commons has media related to 1896 St. Louis–East St. Louis tornado.
List of North American tornadoes and tornado outbreaks
List of tornadoes striking downtown areas
List of tornado-related deaths at schools
References[edit]
1.Jump up ^ Grazulis, Thomas P. (July 1993). Significant Tornadoes 1680–1991: A Chronology and Analysis of Events. St. Johnsbury, VT: The Tornado Project of Environmental Films. ISBN 1-879362-03-1.
2.^ Jump up to: a b Brooks, Harold E.; Charles A. Doswell III (February 2001). "Normalized Damage from Major Tornadoes in the United States: 1890–1999" (abstract). Weather and Forecasting (American Meteorological Society) 16 (1): 168–76. Bibcode:2001WtFor..16..168B. doi:10.1175/1520-0434(2001)016<0168:NDFMTI>2.0.CO;2.
3.Jump up ^ Przybylinski, Ron; et al. "St. Louis City Tornadoes". St. Louis Tornado Climatology. National Weather Service. Retrieved 2007-06-17.
4.Jump up ^ Edwards, Roger; Joe Schaefer. "Downtown Tornadoes". Online Tornado FAQ. Storm Prediction Center. Retrieved 2007-06-17.
5.^ Jump up to: a b Grazulis, Tom; Doris Grazulis. "1896 Tornadoes". The Tornado Project. Retrieved 2008-03-24.
Beatty, Kyle A. (August 2002). "What would be the monetary loss if the 1896 St. Louis/East St. Louis tornado happened today?". 21st Conference on Severe Local Storms. San Antonio, TX: American Meteorological Society.
Further reading[edit]
Curzon, Julian (1997). The Great Cyclone at St. Louis and East St. Louis, May 27, 1896. Carbondale: Southern Illinois University Press. ISBN 0-8093-2124-6.
External links[edit]
St. Louis/East St. Louis Tornado of 1896 (Tornado Project)
St. Louis, Missouri Tornado (National Weather Service St. Louis)
Great Cyclone at St. Louis, May 27, 1896 (NOAA) Photos
The Great Cyclone at St. Louis and East St. Louis, May 27, 1896 (St. Louis Public Library)
The 1896 Tornado! (Illinois Genealogy Trails History and Genealogy)
The St. Louis Cyclone of 1896 (US Genealogy Network)
St. Louis, Missouri Tornado May 1896 at GenDisasters.com
Browning, Wes (2011). "Tornadoes in the St. Louis Area...A Historical Perspective". Gateway Observer (St. Louis, MO: National Weather Service) 2 (2): 5–7. Retrieved 2011-12-27.

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Categories: F4 tornadoes
Tornadoes of 1896
Tornadoes in Missouri
Tornadoes in Illinois
History of St. Louis, Missouri
History of St. Clair County, Illinois
1896 in the United States




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May 1896 tornado outbreak sequence
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to: navigation, search


 

 Damage from the St. Louis-East St. Louis Tornado.
The May 1896 tornado outbreak sequence was a series of violent and deadly tornado outbreaks that struck much of the Central and Southern United States from May 15 to May 28, 1896. It is considered one of the worst tornado outbreak sequences on record with tornado expert Tom Grazulis stating that the week of May 24–28 was "perhaps the most violent single week of tornado activity in US history".[1] There were four particularly notable tornado outbreaks during the two-week period. It produced three F5 tornadoes as well as the third deadliest tornado ever in United States history. A total of 484 people were killed during the entire outbreak sequence by at least 38 different tornadoes which struck Texas, Oklahoma, Kansas, Nebraska, Illinois, Missouri, Iowa, Kentucky, and Michigan.[nb 1][nb 2]


Contents  [hide]
1 Confirmed tornadoes 1.1 May 15 event
1.2 May 17 event
1.3 May 18 event
1.4 May 19 event
1.5 May 20 event
1.6 May 24 event
1.7 May 25 event
1.8 May 27 event
1.9 May 28 event
2 Notable tornadoes 2.1 Sherman, Texas
2.2 Seneca/Oneida, Kansas/Falls City, Nebraska
2.3 Ortonville/Thomas/Oakwood, Michigan
2.4 St. Louis, Missouri/East St. Louis, Illinois
3 See also
4 References 4.1 Bibliography
5 Notes
6 External links

Confirmed tornadoes[edit]
Confirmed
Total Confirmed
F0 Confirmed
F1 Confirmed
F2 Confirmed
F3 Confirmed
F4 Confirmed
F5
38+ ? ? 17 12 6 3

May 15 event[edit]

[hide]List of confirmed tornadoes - May 15, 1896

F#

Location

County

Time (UTC)

Path length

Damage

Texas
F3 SW of Justin to E of Ponder Denton 2015 13 miles (21 km) 2 deaths — 22 homes were damaged in Justin, with five destroyed, and two swept away. Every business in town received some degree of damage. 25 injuries occurred, 17 of which were serious.[3]
F2 W of Denton Denton, Cooke 2045 17 miles (27 km) 3 deaths — Struck the town of Gribble Springs, where seven houses were destroyed and three people were killed. Two homes and numerous barns were also destroyed in Cooke County.[3]
F5 E of Pilot Point to Sherman Denton, Grayson 2230 28 miles (45 km) 73 deaths — See section on this tornado — One of the most intense tornadoes of the 19th century.[3]
F2 SE of Sherman to SE of Hendrix, OK Grayson, Bryan(OK) 2245 18 miles (29 km) Tornado formed after the Sherman tornado lifted. 20 homes were damaged along the Choctaw Creek (then called Choctaw Bayou). A trading post was destroyed as well. 35 injuries occurred, at least 20 of which were serious.[3]
Oklahoma
F2 Blue area Bryan 2330 unknown 4 deaths — A family of four was killed in their home.[3]
Kansas
F2 NE of Moundridge McPherson 1000 unknown 1 death — Brief, early-morning touchdown leveled a house. An elderly man was killed and his wife was injured.[3]
Sources: Grazulis (1993)[3]

May 17 event[edit]

[hide]List of confirmed tornadoes - May 17, 1896

F#

Location

County

Time (UTC)

Path length

Damage

Kentucky
F2 N of Symsonia Graves, Marshall 0645 8 miles (13 km) 5 deaths — South of Elva, a small two-room home was obliterated, killing a family of five.[3]
Kansas
F3 NW of Clay Center to S of Frankfort Clay, Marshall, Riley 2230 45 miles (72 km) Probably a long-lived tornado family. Seven entire farms were destroyed. 60 injuries were reported, 58 of which occurred when a church in Riley County was destroyed during services.[3]
F5 SW of Palmer to S of Falls City, NE Washington, Marshall, Nemaha, Brown, Richardson(NE) 2300 100 miles (160 km) 25 deaths — See section on this tornado — Was more than 2 miles (3.2 km) wide.[3]
Sources: Grazulis (1993)[3]
May 18 event[edit]

[hide]List of confirmed tornadoes - May 18, 1896

F#

Location

County

Time (UTC)

Path length

Damage

Iowa
F2 SW of Lamoni Decatur 0200 unknown A cottage on the southwest side of Lamoni was leveled and scattered. Four people were injured.[4]
Sources: Grazulis (1993)[4]
May 19 event[edit]

[hide]List of confirmed tornadoes - May 19, 1896

F#

Location

County

Time (UTC)

Path length

Damage

Iowa
F3 SW of Rock Cowley, Butler 2200 10 miles (16 km) Buildings were destroyed on 15 farms, including 7 homes. Fifty head of livestock were killed on one farm, and two people were injured.[4]
Sources: Grazulis (1993)[4]
May 20 event[edit]

[hide]List of confirmed tornadoes - May 20, 1896

F#

Location

County

Time (UTC)

Path length

Damage

Oklahoma
F3 E of Newkirk to E of Maitland, KS Kay, Cowley(KS) 1700 15 miles (24 km) An entire farm was swept away near the beginning of the path.[4]
F2 N of Kildare Kay 1730 unknown A barn was destroyed. One of six small tornadoes reported in the area.[4]
Kansas
F2 N of Hoyt Jackson 2230 6 miles (9.7 km) One person was injured as a house was destroyed.[4]
F2 S of Emporia Lyon 0200 3 miles (4.8 km) A house was shifted from its foundation and unroofed. A barn was destroyed, and two men hiding inside were injured.[4]
Sources: Grazulis (1993)[4]

May 24 event[edit]

[hide]List of confirmed tornadoes - May 24, 1896

F#

Location

County

Time (UTC)

Path length

Damage

Iowa
F2 S of Manchester Delaware 0300 3 miles (4.8 km) One house and several barns were destroyed. A fatality may have occurred.[5]
F4 SW of Polk City to Mingo Polk, Jasper 0430 28 miles (45 km) 21 deaths — Began near Polk City, and moved east-southeast north of Des Moines. Several homes were leveled on the north sides of Bondurant and Valeria, resulting in multiple fatalities. Other homes were destroyed and fatalities occurred in the communities of Santiago and Mingo. A steel railroad rail was driven 15 feet (4.6 m) into the ground at one location. At least 60 people were injured.[5]
Sources: Grazulis (1993)[5]

May 25 event[edit]

[hide]List of confirmed tornadoes - May 25, 1896

F#

Location

County

Time (UTC)

Path length

Damage

Illinois
F4 NW of Forreston to S of Egan Ogle 0700 10 miles (16 km) 4 deaths — Multiple homes had their roofs torn off on the northern edge of Adeline. In rural areas, a church and five farm homes were leveled. Four fatalities occurred south of Egan, where a large home was cleanly swept away.[5]
F2 S of Byron Ogle 0730 unknown All barns and trees were destroyed on a farm.[5]
F3 S of Davis Junction to E of Irene Ogle, Boone, DeKalb 0730 15 miles (24 km) 3 deaths — Buildings were destroyed on 11 farms. Six people were injured and three others were killed in a collapsed home. Debris from that home was found five miles away. A barn was destroyed in DeKalb County as well.[5]
F3 Edison Park Cook 0750 4.5 miles (7.2 km) Tornado struck the communities of Park Ridge, Edison Park, and Norwood Park. Six homes were destroyed and 30 others were damaged beyond repair. Caused $100,000 in damage and hit within 15 miles (24 km) of downtown Chicago.[5]
Michigan
F2 N of Clio to E of Otter Lake Genesee, Lapeer 2300 14 miles (23 km) Businesses and cottages were destroyed at Otter Lake. Three farm homes were destroyed, and the roof of a school was carried for half a mile. Four people were injured.[5]
F3 W of Munger to Fairgrove area Bay, Tuscola 2300 10 miles (16 km) 1 death — A school and five homes were destroyed along the path. 30 people were attending a funeral at one of the homes, and the attendants survived by taking shelter in a nearby ditch as the house was lifted and destroyed. One man was killed by flying debris as he watched from his window.[5]
F3 W of Sterling Heights to Harrison Township Macomb, St. Clair 0110 35 miles (56 km) 2 deaths — Homes and barns were leveled between Warren and Utica before the tornado tore through Mt. Clemens, where 30 homes were destroyed along a two-block-wide path. Homes were destroyed in other areas before the tornado crossed into Ontario, where $60,000 in damage occurred.[5]
F5 N of Holly to W of Dryden Oakland, Lapeer 0200 30 miles (48 km) 47 deaths — See section on this tornado — Extremely intense tornado,[6] second deadliest in Michigan.[5]
F2 Amadore Sanilac 0200 3 miles (4.8 km) Every building in the village of Amadore was damaged to some degree, and two homes were destroyed at that location. The tornado moved out over Lake Huron as a waterspout. Three people were injured.[5]
Sources: Grazulis (1993)[5]
May 27 event[edit]

[hide]List of confirmed tornadoes - May 27, 1896

F#

Location

County

Time (UTC)

Path length

Damage

Missouri
F2 E of Bellflower Montgomery, Lincoln unknown 7 miles (11 km) 1 death — A church and a barn were destroyed. A woman was killed and her infant son was injured.[5]
F2 N of Sturgeon to N of Centralia Audrain 1935 8 miles (13 km) Barns leveled destroyed and four farm homes were "nearly destroyed".[5]
F3 S of Higbee to S of Renick Randolph 2030 6 miles (9.7 km) Three homes were destroyed and five others were damaged. Many barns were destroyed as well. Six people were injured.[5]
F3 N of Mexico to W of Vandalia Audrain 2115 17 miles (27 km) 6-7 deaths — Three students were killed at the Dye school, and one student (possibly two) was killed at the Bean Creek School. Two others died in farmhouses. A total of 50 people were injured.[5]
F4 SE of Chamois Osage 0015 5 miles (8.0 km) 2 deaths — Two farms were destroyed, at one of which every building was completely swept away. Three people were injured.[5]
F4 St. Louis/East St. Louis, IL St.Louis, Madison (IL) 0030 12 miles (19 km) 255 deaths — See article on this tornado — Third-deadliest tornado in US history,[5] caused near-F5 damage in East St. Louis.[6]
Illinois
F4 E of New Minden to Irvington Washington, Jefferson 0020 23 miles (37 km) 14 deaths — Entire farms were leveled near New Minden, south of Hoyleton, near Richview, and in Boyd and Irvington. 50 others were injured.[5]
F4 E of Imbs to NE of Germantown St. Clair, Clinton 0045 30 miles (48 km) 24 deaths — The path of this tornado family may have begun in Dupo. Many homes were leveled along the path, especially in and around New Baden, where 13 people died. Near the beginning of the path, 10 people died near train stations, and another death occurred at a farmhouse near Germantown before the tornado dissipated. 125 people were injured.[7]
F3 NW of Nashville to NE of Mt. Vernon Washington, Jefferson 0230 28 miles (45 km) 3 deaths — Many farms were devastated along the path. Damage northeast of Mt. Vernon may have been downburst-related.[7]
Oklahoma
F3 E of Hennessey to NE of Marshall Kingfisher, Logan, Garfield 0000 10 miles (16 km) A house was blown apart and scattered. One person was injured.[5]
Sources: Grazulis (1993)[5][7]
May 28 event[edit]

[hide]List of confirmed tornadoes - May 20, 1896

F#

Location

County

Time (UTC)

Path length

Damage

Pennsylvania
F2 E of Gettysburg to NE of Hanover Adams, York 1800 13 miles (21 km) Barns were destroyed near Bonneauville and Abbottstown. A house was leveled as well, with the furniture carried over half a mile away. Four people were injured.[7]
F2 Columbia/Wrightsville areas York, Lancaster 1830 9 miles (14 km) 1 death — A school and four homes had their roofs torn off in Wrightsville. One person was killed when the tornado struck a rolling mill in Columbia, where three homes were destroyed. 20 people were injured.[7]
F3 S of Ambler to S of Trenton, NJ Montgomery, Bucks, Mercer(NJ), Monmouth(NJ) 1955 35 miles (56 km) 4 deaths — 16 barns and several stables were destroyed in Pennsylvania, where four people were killed. The tornado crossed into New Jersey and damaged businesses in Allentown and White Horse. 15 people were injured.[7]
Maryland
F2 SW of Harney to Littlestown, PA, area Carroll, Adams(PA) 2000 5 miles (8.0 km) In Maryland, a house was torn apart and three others had their roofs torn off. Furniture was carried up to half a mile away. Crossed into Pennsylvania and dissapated near Littlestown, where barns were destroyed.[8]
Sources: Grazulis (1993)[7][8]

Notable tornadoes[edit]
Sherman, Texas[edit]
On the first day of the outbreak sequence, most of the fatalities came from a single supercell thunderstorm that traveled from Denton to Sherman. The tornado began in the Pilot Point area, where farm homes were shifted off of their foundations. The tornado widened and strengthened into a very violent F5 and swept away numerous farms west of Farmington and Howe. Later along the path, the tornado narrowed to around 60 yards (180 ft) wide as it tore through Sherman. Fifty homes were destroyed in town, 20 of which were completely obliterated and swept away. An iron-beam bridge was torn from its supports and twisted into multiple pieces, and one of the beams was driven several feet into the ground.[6][9] Bodies were found up to 400 yards (1,200 ft) from their home sites, and a trunk lid was carried for 35 miles (56 km). Headstones at a cemetery were shattered, and a 500-pound stone was carried for 250 yards. Trees in the area were completely debarked or reduced to stumps, and grass was scoured from the ground.[9] At least 200 people were injured, and bodies of the victims were transported into the courthouse and a vacant building. Several bodies were recovered from a muddy creek.[10] Seventy-three people were killed by this single tornado, one of the worst on record in North Texas and the Red River Valley region.
Additional killer tornadoes were recorded north of Wichita, Kansas in McPherson County and further south in Bryan County, Oklahoma.[11]

Seneca/Oneida, Kansas/Falls City, Nebraska[edit]
A powerful F5 tornado,[5] estimated to have been more than 2 miles (3.2 km) wide, tore through the towns of Seneca, Oneida, Reserve and Sabetha, Kansas. In Seneca, the tornado destroyed the courthouse and a new schoolhouse, and the opera house was completely leveled and swept away. Damage in Seneca alone was estimated at around $250,000 (in 1896 Dollars) where most of the homes, the fairgrounds and other small structures sustained at least heavy, if not complete, damage.[11][12][13] The damage path was two miles wide at Reserve, and only three buildings were left undamaged at that location. The tornado damaged 50 homes and destroyed 20 others on the north side of Sabetha. Many farms were entirely swept away along the path as well, some of which were reportedly left "as bare as the prairie".[6] The tornado continued into Nebraska, where four people died and damage occurred on the south side of Falls City. At least 200 people were injured.

Ortonville/Thomas/Oakwood, Michigan[edit]
Late during the evening hours of May 25, another F5 tornado[5] touched down and moved northeast for about 30 miles (48 km). The tornado affected portions of Oakland, Lapeer and Livingston Counties northwest of Detroit. Towns affected included Thomas, Ortonville, Oakwood, and Whigville just after 9:00 pm. Homes were leveled or swept away, and multiple fatalities occurred along the path. Entire farms were leveled, and debris from homes was found up to 12 miles (19 km) away. Trees were completely debarked along the path as well, with even small twigs stripped bare in some cases. Homes were swept away in Thomas, including one that was obliterated with the debris scattered up to 10 miles away. A piano from that residence was found 200 yards away from the foundation, with one end "pounded full of grass". Weather Bureau inspectors reported that grass in the center-most part of the circulation was "pounded down into the earth, as if it had been washed into the earth by a heavy flow of water"[14] At least 100 people were injured.[5] With 47 deaths, this is the second-deadliest tornado ever in Michigan trailing only the Flint Tornado of 1953 which killed 116 in Genessee County just outside Flint. Twenty-two people were killed in Ortonville, ten in Oakwood, three in Thomas, four north of Oxford and three in Whigville with others in rural areas. Nine of the fatalities were in a single home in Ortonville.[15][16]
Other killer tornadoes on that day touched down in Ogle County, Illinois (two different tornadoes) and Macomb & Tuscola Counties in Michigan. Several homes and farms in the Mount Clemens area were wiped out and others were moved from their foundations. The recently completed Colonial Hotel was leveled. Thirty homes were leveled in total, and two people were killed.[11][17]

St. Louis, Missouri/East St. Louis, Illinois[edit]
Main article: St. Louis-East St. Louis Tornado
The third deadliest tornado in United States history struck St. Louis city and its metropolitan area on both sides of the Mississippi River in Missouri and Illinois on May 27. That tornado alone at least killed 255 while 27 other were killed elsewhere in Illinois and seven elsewhere in Missouri including three at a school in Audrain County. Twenty-four of the 27 other fatalities were recorded by a single tornado with 13 of them near New Baden. In that town about half of the homes were completely destroyed with damage figures at around $50,000. The towns of Belleville and Mascoutah were also hit. Three people were killed by the other killer tornado that tracked between Nashville and Mount Vernon.[15][18][19] Fatalities were also reported the following day in Pennsylvania and New Jersey near Trenton between Philadelphia and New York City.[11]

See also[edit]
List of North American tornadoes and tornado outbreaks
St. Louis tornado history
References[edit]
1.Jump up ^ Grazulis, Tom; Doris Grazulis. "1896 Tornadoes". The Tornado Project. Archived from the original on 2014-02-26. Retrieved 2014-06-22.
2.Jump up ^ Schneider, Russell S.; Harold E. Brooks; Joseph T. Schaefer. "Tornado Outbreak Day Sequences: Historic Events and Climatology (1875-2003)". Norman, Oklahoma: Storm Prediction Center. Retrieved 13 February 2013.
3.^ Jump up to: a b c d e f g h i j k Grazulis, Significant, p. 674
4.^ Jump up to: a b c d e f g h i Grazulis, Significant, p. 675
5.^ Jump up to: a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y Grazulis, Significant, p. 676
6.^ Jump up to: a b c d Grazulis, Thomas P. (2001). F5-F6 Tornadoes. St. Johnsbury, VT: The Tornado Project.
7.^ Jump up to: a b c d e f g Grazulis, Significant, p. 677
8.^ Jump up to: a b Grazulis, Significant, p. 678
9.^ Jump up to: a b http://www.rootsweb.ancestry.com/~txgrayso/Black-Friday/black11.html
10.Jump up ^ Sherman, TX Tornado, May 1896 | GenDisasters ... Genealogy in Tragedy, Disasters, Fires, Floods
11.^ Jump up to: a b c d Tornadoes in the Past
12.Jump up ^ County Court House 1878
13.Jump up ^ Tornado destroyed Seneca, Ks
14.Jump up ^ http://docs.lib.noaa.gov/rescue/mwr/024/mwr-024-05-0156a.pdf
15.^ Jump up to: a b The United States' Worst Tornadoes
16.Jump up ^ http://www.a2gov.org/government/safetyservices/emergencymanagement/Pages/TornadoHistory.aspx
17.Jump up ^ Great Tornado of 1896
18.Jump up ^ National Weather Service, Lincoln IL - Severe Weather Climatology
19.Jump up ^ New Baden, IL Tornado, May 1896
Bibliography[edit]
Grazulis, Thomas P. (1993). Significant Tornadoes 1680-1991: A Chronology and Analysis of Events. Environmental Films. ISBN 1-879362-03-1.
— (2003). The Tornado: Nature’s Ultimate Windstorm. University of Oklahoma Press. ISBN 978-0-8061-3538-0.

Notes[edit]
1.Jump up ^ An outbreak is generally defined as a group of at least six tornadoes (the number sometimes varies slightly according to local climatology) with no more than a six-hour gap between individual tornadoes. An outbreak sequence, prior to (after) modern records that began in 1950, is defined as, at most, two (one) consecutive days without at least one significant (F2 or stronger) tornado.[2]
2.Jump up ^ All damage totals are in 1896 United States dollars unless otherwise noted.

External links[edit]
1896 Killer tornadoes courtesy of the Tornado History Project
 


Categories: 1896 in the United States
Tornadoes of 1896
Tornadoes in Texas
Tornadoes in Oklahoma
Tornadoes in Kansas
Tornadoes in Nebraska
Tornadoes in Illinois
Tornadoes in Missouri
Tornadoes in Iowa
Tornadoes in Michigan
Tornadoes in Kentucky
F5 tornadoes


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1898 Fort Smith, Arkansas tornado
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to: navigation, search

Fort Smith, Arkansas tornado
Fort Smith, Arkansas 1898 tornado damage.jpg
Destroyed homes in Fort Smith
 
Date(s)
January 11-12, 1898
Duration
>1 hour
Tornadoes caused
≥2
Damages
$450,000 (1898 USD)[1]
Casualties
55
The 1898 Fort Smith, Arkansas tornado was a tornado which struck the city of Fort Smith, Arkansas during the night of January 11, 1898. It touched down about 100 miles to the southwest, and struck the city around midnight, killing 55 people and injuring 113. The twister nearly destroyed the city's newly constructed Fort Smith High School that opened in fall 1897.
It is tied for the deadliest tornado ever to strike the state of Arkansas.[2] Another tornado was also reported around 11pm that night in Alma, Arkansas.[3]
References[edit]
1.Jump up ^ http://docs.lib.noaa.gov/rescue/mwr/026/mwr-026-01-0018.pdf
2.Jump up ^ http://www.tornadoproject.com/alltorns/worstts.htm
3.Jump up ^ http://docs.lib.noaa.gov/rescue/mwr/026/mwr-026-01-0018.pdf

[hide]
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Deadliest tornadoes by state
State
Location
Date
Deaths

Alabama
Many towns April 27, 2011 72
Alaska
- No deadly tornadoes -
Arizona
San Xavier Mission Indian Village August 27, 1964 2
Arkansas
Fort Smith
Warren January 11, 1898
 January 3, 1949 55
California
- No deadly tornadoes -
Colorado
Thurman August 10, 1924 10
Connecticut
Wallingford August 9, 1878 34
Delaware
Hartly July 21, 1983 2
Florida
Kissimmee February 22, 1998 25
Georgia
Gainesville April 6, 1936 203
Hawaii
- No deadly tornadoes -
Idaho
Ruebens June 7, 1936 2
Illinois
Many towns March 18, 1925 613
Indiana
Many towns March 18, 1925 71
Iowa
Dewitt/Camanche June 3, 1860 92
Kansas
Udall May 25, 1955 82
Kentucky
Louisville March 27, 1890 76
Louisiana
Gilliam May 13, 1908 49
Maine
Caribou August 11, 1954 1*
Maryland
La Plata November 9, 1926 16
Massachusetts
Worcester June 9, 1953 94
Michigan
Flint June 8, 1953 115
Minnesota
St. Cloud/Sauk Rapids April 14, 1886 72
Mississippi
Natchez May 7, 1840 317
Missouri
Joplin May 22, 2011 158
Montana
Reserve July 26, 2010 2*
Nebraska
Omaha March 23, 1913 101
Nevada
- No deadly tornadoes -
New Hampshire
Corydon September 9, 1821 6
New Jersey
New Brunswick June 19, 1835 5
New Mexico
Wagon Mound May 31, 1930 2
New York
Smithfield July 8, 2014 4
North Carolina
Philadelphia February 19, 1884 23
North Dakota
Fargo June 20, 1957 10
Ohio
Lorain/Sandusky June 28, 1924 85
Oklahoma
Woodward April 9, 1947 113
Oregon
Long Creek June 3, 1894 3*
Pennsylvania
Many towns June 23, 1944 26
Rhode Island
- No deadly tornadoes -
South Carolina
Aiken/Timmonsville April 30, 1924 53
South Dakota
Wilmot June 17, 1944 8
Tennessee
Henderson March 21, 1952 38
Texas
Goliad
Waco May 18, 1902
 May 11, 1953 114
Utah
Salt Lake City August 11, 1999 1
Vermont
- No deadly tornadoes -
Virginia
Scott County May 2, 1929 13
Washington
Vancouver April 5, 1972 6
West Virginia
Many towns June 23, 1944 100
Wisconsin
New Richmond June 12, 1899 117
Wyoming
Wheatland June 25, 1942 2
Source: Tornado Project
*Most recent tornado with this number of deaths
 
Stub icon This article related to a specific weather event is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.




 


Categories: 1898 in Arkansas
Fort Smith, Arkansas
Tornadoes in Arkansas
Tornadoes of 1898
Weather event stubs




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1899 New Richmond tornado
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Jump to: navigation, search

This is a good article. Click here for more information.
1899 New Richmond tornado

F5 tornado
New Richmond Tornado.gif
Ruins of the town's Methodist Church following this deadly tornado.
 
Date
June 12, 1899
Time
6:00 PM CST
Casualties
117
Damages
$300,000
 ($8.5 million in 2014 dollars[1])
Areas affected
West-central Wisconsin
The 1899 New Richmond Tornado was an estimated EF-5 tornado that nearly destroyed the town of New Richmond, Wisconsin on June 12, 1899, killing 117 and injuring 125 people. More than US$300,000 ($8,504,000 in today's dollars) in damage was reported.[2][3][1]


Contents  [hide]
1 Synopsis
2 Aftermath
3 References
4 External links

Synopsis[edit]
June 12 was the day of the Gollmar Brothers Circus, which drew hundreds of visitors in addition to the town's 2,500 inhabitants. Around 3 pm, clouds began to build, and the sky became quite dark. As the circus ended for the day around 4:30 PM, a heavy rain, with some hail, began to fall. The rain let up around 5:00 PM, and people began to head home for the day. By 6:00 PM, the streets of New Richmond were full of tourists, travelers and residents.[4]
Meanwhile, the tornado had already touched down to the southwest. It began as a waterspout on the east bank of Lake St. Croix, about 15 miles (24.1 km) from New Richmond, at around 5:30 PM. It was described as a "boiling cloud", which seemed to skirt the hills to the east of Lake St. Croix, and then head straight for New Richmond. Passing over mostly open country, it destroyed several farm buildings near the rural communities Burkhardt and Boardman as it traveled northeast. Three people were killed there.[2][4]
There was little warning in New Richmond. The tornado was completely illuminated by lightning, but it was visible only for a few minutes before it reached the town. Homes and businesses were demolished and torn from their foundations, flying debris filled the air, and people were swept away. The three-story Nicolett Hotel was completely leveled.[5] Some barely had time to scramble for shelter in storm cellars, but many were caught in the streets. Even some who did take refuge were killed anyway, such as those who ran into the O.J. Williams dry goods store. The store was swept away, and the people taking shelter in the basement were pelted to death by flying bricks and timbers.[2][4] Most people who could not find shelter were killed. Debris of all sorts flew through the air at tremendous speeds. A 3,000 pound safe was flung a block from its original location. Trees and timbers were hurled "like javelins" through the air, and the intense winds swept people up and threw them against walls or the ground.[4] The northern residential section of town was completely obliterated by the tornado, with nothing left but small pieces of debris scattered about. Every home in that area was leveled or swept away. The tornado dissipated shortly after exiting the town.[6]
Back in New Richmond, another storm with strong winds swept through, sending people back into their shelters. It is likely that some died in fires while potential help was hiding from the possibility of another tornado.[4]
Aftermath[edit]
All but the extreme western end of the town was obliterated by the tornado and subsequent fires. More than 500 buildings were destroyed, and the only significant surviving structures were the Catholic and Baptist churches. The town's electrical plant and water facilities were destroyed, so fires ran rampant through the scattered debris. Many bodies found in the aftermath were burnt beyond recognition— it was impossible to tell if they died from the tornado or from being trapped and burned alive.[4]
Twenty-six families experienced multiple deaths, and six reported four or more deaths in the family. After order was restored, authorities determined that a total of 117 people had been killed (64 in the town itself) and more than 200 injured. This is the ninth highest death toll for any single tornado in American history.[2] The New Richmond Tornado is generally assumed to have been an F5 tornado, with winds in excess of 261 mph.[citation needed]
The town was so completely damaged that it had to be essentially rebuilt. Damage claims exceeded $300,000 ($7 million in 2006 dollars), however, they may have been as high as $600,000 ($14 million in 2006 dollars).[4][7]


 

Panoramic view of the damage
References[edit]
1.^ Jump up to: a b Consumer Price Index (estimate) 1800–2014. Federal Reserve Bank of Minneapolis. Retrieved February 27, 2014.
2.^ Jump up to: a b c d Grazulis, Thomas P (July 1993). Significant Tornadoes 1680–1991. St. Johnsbury, VT: The Tornado Project of Environmental Films. ISBN 1-879362-03-1.
3.Jump up ^ The Tornado Project. #8: The New Richmond Tornado. Retrieved on 2007-06-27.
4.^ Jump up to: a b c d e f g Sather, Mary. "They Built Their City Twice: A History of New Richmond, Wisconsin" Retrieved 2009-02-10.
5.Jump up ^ by extremeplanet (2013-01-17). "The Indefinitive List of the Strongest Tornadoes Ever Recorded (Pre-1970): Part I |". Extremeplanet.me. Retrieved 2013-06-20.
6.Jump up ^ by extremeplanet (2013-01-17). "The Indefinitive List of the Strongest Tornadoes Ever Recorded (Pre-1970): Part I |". Extremeplanet.me. Retrieved 2013-08-04.
7.Jump up ^ Wisconsin Historical Society. Dictionary of Wisconsin History: New Richmond tornado (1899). Retrieved on 2007-06-27.
External links[edit]
The Tornado at New Richmond, Wis. (PDF) Monthly Weather Review

[hide]
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10 deadliest American tornadoes
Rank
Name (location)
Date
Deaths

1
"Tri-State" (Missouri, Illinois and Indiana) March 18, 1925 695
2
Natchez, Mississippi May 7, 1840 317
3
St. Louis, Missouri and East St. Louis, Illinois May 27, 1896 255
4
Tupelo, Mississippi April 5, 1936 216
5
Gainesville, Georgia April 5, 1936 203
6
Woodward, Oklahoma April 9, 1947 181
7
Joplin, Missouri May 22, 2011 158
8
Amite, Louisiana and Purvis, Mississippi April 24, 1908 143
9
New Richmond, Wisconsin June 12, 1899 117
10
Flint, Michigan
 June 8, 1953
 116
Source: Storm Prediction Center
 


Categories: F5 tornadoes
Tornadoes of 1899
Tornadoes in Wisconsin
1899 in Wisconsin






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