Tilikum and Keiko Wikipedia pages

Tilikum (orca)
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Tilikum
Shamu1.jpg
Tilikum during a 2009 performance at SeaWorld

Species
Orcinus orca
Breed
Icelandic Transient
Sex
Male
Born
c. December 1981 (age 32)
Years active
1982 – present
Weight
12,000 pounds (5,400 kg)
Tilikum (born c. December 1981),[1] nicknamed Tilly,[2] is a bull orca who currently lives in captivity at SeaWorld Orlando, Florida. He formerly lived at Sealand of the Pacific in South Oak Bay, British Columbia. He has sired 21 calves, with 11 still alive. He has also been involved in the deaths of three people during his time in captivity: a trainer at the now-defunct Sealand of the Pacific in British Columbia, a trainer at Orlando's SeaWorld, and a man trespassing on SeaWorld Orlando's property. In the Chinook Jargon of the Pacific Northwest, the name means "friends, relations, tribe, nation, common people."[3]
Tilikum is heavily featured in CNN Films' 2013 documentary Blackfish.


Contents  [hide]
1 Description
2 Captivity 2.1 Sealand of the Pacific
2.2 First death
2.3 Second death
2.4 Third death
2.5 Return to performing
3 Offspring
4 Family
5 Controversy
6 See also
7 References
8 External links

Description[edit]
Tilikum measures 22.5 feet (6.9 m) long and weighs 12,000 pounds (5,400 kg).[4] His pectoral fins are 7 feet (2.1 m) long, his fluke curls under, and his 6.5 foot (2.0 m)-tall dorsal fin is collapsed completely to his left side. He is the largest orca in captivity. Tilikum's vocals are higher than other male orcas his size.[citation needed]
Captivity[edit]
Tilikum was captured in Berufjörður off the east coast of Iceland on November 9, 1983 at about two years of age, along with two other orcas named "Nandu" and "Samoa".[citation needed]



 Tilikum in display tank
Sealand of the Pacific[edit]
Tilikum was first owned by Sealand of the Pacific, now closed, in South Oak Bay, British Columbia, near the city of Victoria on Vancouver Island, Canada. There, he lived with two older female orcas named Haida II and Nootka IV. Tilikum was at the bottom of the social structure, and Haida II and Nootka IV behaved aggressively towards him, including forcing him into a smaller medical pool where trainers kept him for protection.[5]
First death[edit]
On February 20, 1991, Keltie Byrne, a 20-year-old marine biology student and competitive swimmer, slipped into the pool containing Tilikum, Haidi II and Nootka IV while working as a part-time Sealand trainer. The three orcas submerged her, dragging her around the pool and preventing her from surfacing.[5] At one point she reached the side and tried to climb out but, as horrified visitors watched from the sidelines, the orcas pulled her screaming back into the pool. Other trainers responded to her screams, throwing her a life-ring, but the orcas kept her away from it. She surfaced three times screaming before drowning, and it was several hours before her body could be recovered from the pool.[6][7] Both females were pregnant at the time, which was not known to the trainers.[8][9][10]
Tilikum was moved to SeaWorld Orlando, Florida on January 9, 1992. Sealand of the Pacific closed soon afterward.[11]



 Tilikum at SeaWorld Orlando (2009)
Second death[edit]
On July 6, 1999, a 27-year-old man named Daniel P. Dukes was found dead and naked, draped over Tilikum’s back.[12] Dukes had visited SeaWorld the previous day, stayed after the park closed, and evaded security to enter the orca tank. An autopsy found numerous wounds, contusions, and abrasions covering his body, including "postmortem laceration and avulsion of the scrotum with testes," concluding that Dukes may have died from hypothermia and drowning. Details regarding Dukes' swim trunks suggest they were torn off by Tilikum, and the medical examiner reports that no drugs or alcohol were found in Dukes' system.[13][14][15][16]
Third death[edit]
On February 24, 2010, Tilikum was involved in a third incident when he killed Dawn Brancheau, a 40-year-old trainer.[17][18] Brancheau was killed following a "Dine with Shamu" show. The veteran trainer was rubbing Tilikum as part of a post-show routine when the whale grabbed her and pulled her into the water.[19] At least a dozen patrons witnessed Brancheau in the water with Tilikum; however, it is unclear how many patrons witnessed enough of the incident to understand at the time that it was out of the ordinary. Employees used nets and threw food at Tilikum in an attempt to distract him.[13]
Moving from pool to pool in the complex, they eventually directed Tilikum to a smaller, medical pool, where it would be easier to calm him. He subsequently released Brancheau's body. A SeaWorld executive, witnesses and video footage from right before the attack confirm that Brancheau was lying with her face next to Tilikum's on a slide-out (a platform submerged about a foot into water). SeaWorld claimed that the trainer was pulled into the water by her ponytail and that it may have got caught in Tilikum's teeth, stating further that the trainer's hair may have also been confused for a toy or a fish because Brancheau had been holding a fish previously and may have touched her hair afterwards, leaving the scent.[20] However, witnesses to the incident stated that the trainer was pulled into the water by her arm.[13][21]
Brancheau's autopsy indicated death by drowning and blunt force trauma. The autopsy noted that her spinal cord was severed and she had sustained fractures to her jawbone, ribs, and a cervical vertebra. Her scalp was completely avulsed from her head and her left arm was avulsed at mid humerus.[22]
On August 23, 2010, the park was fined US$75,000 by the Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) for three safety violations, two directly related to Brancheau's death. SeaWorld issued a statement that called OSHA's findings "unfounded".[23] Although Brancheau's widower, Scott Brancheau, hired a Chicago law firm that specializes in wrongful-death litigation, he has not taken any legal action against SeaWorld.[24]
Return to performing[edit]
Tilikum returned to performing on March 30, 2011. High pressure water hoses are used to massage him, rather than hands, and removable guardrails have also begun to be used on the platforms. There are plans to install false-bottom floors that can lift trainers and whales out of the pools in under a minute. He has been paired with his grandson Trua, and can often be seen performing alongside him during the finale of the new "One Ocean" Show. He has on occasion been kept with his daughter Malia, or both Trua and Malia at the same time.[25] In December 2011, he was put on hiatus from the shows following an undisclosed illness. He resumed performing at SeaWorld Orlando in the spring of 2012.[26]
Offspring[edit]
Tilikum is the most successful sire in captivity, with 21 offspring, 11 of which are still alive.[27] While living in Sealand, Tilikum sired his first calf Kyuquot, which was born to Haida II on December 24, 1991. Since his arrival at SeaWorld, Tilikum has sired many calves with different female orcas:
1.Kyuquot (1991)
2.SOP-9201 (1992 - died after 36 days, cause unknown)
3.Nyar (1993–1996)
4.Taku (1993-2007)
5.SWF-9401 (1994 - stillbirth)
6.SWF-9601 (1996 - stillbirth)
7.Unna (1996)
8.SWF-9701 (1997 - stillbirth)
9.Sumar (1998–2010)
10.Tuar (1999)
11.Tekoa (2000)
12.Nakai (2001)†
13.SWT-0101 (2001 - stillbirth)
14.Kohana (2002)†
15.Ikaika (2002)
16.Skyla (2004)
17.SWF-0501 (2005 - miscarriage unconfirmed)
18.Malia (2007)
19.Sakari (2010)
20.SWF-1001 (2010 - stillbirth)
21.Makaio (2010)
† In 1999, Tilikum began training for artificial insemination. In early 2000, Kasatka, who resides at SeaWorld San Diego, was artificially inseminated using his sperm. She gave birth to a male calf, Nakai, on September 1, 2001. On May 3, 2002, another female in San Diego, named Takara, bore Tilikum's calf through artificial insemination. The calf was a female, named Kohana.
Family[edit]
Daughters: Unna, SWF-9701, Nyar*, Kohana, Skyla, Malia and Sakari.
Sons: Kyuquot, SOP-9201 (1992-1992), Taku*, Sumar*, Tuar, Tekoa, Nakai, SWT-0101, Ikaika, Makaio
Offspring unknown: SWF-9401, SWF-9601, SWF-0501 and SWF-1001.
Granddaughters: Nalani, Victoria*
Grandsons: Trua, Adán
Controversy[edit]
On December 7, 2010, TMZ reported that PETA and Mötley Crüe member Tommy Lee sent a letter to Terry Prather, SeaWorld's president, referencing SeaWorld's announcement regarding limiting human contact with Tilikum. In the letter, Lee refers to Tilikum as SeaWorld's "Chief Sperm Bank" and asserts that "we know from SeaWorld's own director of safety (as well as videos on the web)" that SeaWorld obtains sperm from Tilikum by having a person "get into the pool and masturbate him with a cow's vagina filled with hot water" which constitutes continued human contact. The letter implores SeaWorld to release Tilikum from his tank stating "I hope it doesn't take another tragic death for SeaWorld to realize it shouldn't frustrate these smart animals by keeping them [confined] in tanks".[28] On December 8, 2010, the SeaWorld VP of Communications responded to Mr. Lee's letter via E! News, stating that PETA's facts were not only inaccurate, but that SeaWorld trainers "do not now, nor have they ever entered the water with Tilikum for this purpose."[29]
Tilikum and the captivity of other orcas is the main subject of the documentary film Blackfish, which premiered at the Sundance Film Festival in January 2013.[30] The film and a subsequent online petition have led to several popular musical groups cancelling performances at SeaWorld and Busch Gardens "Bands, Brew & BBQ" event in 2014.[31][32][33]
See also[edit]
Issues with orcas in captivity
Incidents at SeaWorld parks
References[edit]
1.Jump up ^ Document shown in documentary Blackfish states "born 12/1981"
2.Jump up ^ "Intentions of Whale in Killing Are Debated". New York Times. February 26, 2010.
3.Jump up ^ Watson, Kenneth (Greg) (July 2002). "Chinook Jargon". White River Journal. White River Valley Museum. Retrieved August 4, 2012.
4.Jump up ^ "Tilikum". cetacousin.bplaced.net. Cetacean Cousins. Retrieved August 4, 2012.
5.^ Jump up to: a b "Inside Seaworld - The Tilikum Transaction". PBS Frontline.
6.Jump up ^ Hoyt, Eric (1992). "The Performing Orcas - why the show must stop". Whale and Dolphin Conservation Society.
7.Jump up ^ Zimmerman, Tim (2011). "The Killer in the Pool". The Best American Sampler 2011. Houghton Mifflin Harcourt. p. 336.
8.Jump up ^ "Trainer dragged to death by whales". Toronto Star. February 21, 1991.
9.Jump up ^ Helm, Denise (March 4, 2010). "Tilikum incident still haunts Wright". Oak Bay News.
10.Jump up ^ "Sealand opens its doors for first show since drowning". The Vancouver Sun. 4 March 1991.
11.Jump up ^ "Oak Bay Marine Group timeline".
12.Jump up ^ "Corpse Is Found on Whale". New York Times. July 7, 1999. Retrieved September 11, 2011.
13.^ Jump up to: a b c Zimmermann, Tim (July 30, 2010). "The Killer in the Pool". Outside Online. Retrieved December 4, 2012.
14.Jump up ^ Greene, Leonard (February 27, 2010). "SeaWorld whale mauls and kills trainer in front of audience". New York Post. Retrieved December 4, 2012.
15.Jump up ^ "Park Is Sued Over Death of Man in Whale Tank". New York Times. September 29, 1999. Retrieved September 11, 2011.
16.Jump up ^ Bonner, Stayton (July 7, 1999). "Daniel Dukes' Medical Examiners Report". Scribd. Retrieved July 9, 2013.
17.Jump up ^ "SeaWorld trainer killed by killer whale". CNN. February 25, 2010. Retrieved March 11, 2010.
18.Jump up ^ Ed Pilkington (February 25, 2010). "Killer whale Tilikum to be spared after drowning trainer by ponytail". London: The Guardian. Retrieved March 11, 2010.
19.Jump up ^ "New details emerge in death of SeaWorld Orlando trainer in orca incident". Latimesblogs.latimes.com. 2010-02-24. Retrieved 2014-04-29.
20.Jump up ^ Myers, Anika (2010-02-27). "Sea World trainer killed: Shamu Believe show resumes with standing ovation". Orlando Sentinel. Retrieved 2010-03-11.
21.Jump up ^ "SeaWorld Trainer Death Theory Debunked as a Ponytail Tale". theorcaproject.wordpress.com. The Orca Project. Retrieved May 10, 2011.
22.Jump up ^ "Autopsy report". Autopsy report. Office of the Medical examiner, district nine, FL. Retrieved 9 February 2014.
23.Jump up ^ "OSHA fines SeaWorld for worker safety issues following orca trainer's death". Los Angeles Times. August 23, 2010. Retrieved August 4, 2012.
24.Jump up ^ Garcia, Jason (August 24, 2010). "SeaWorld trainer's family hires lawyers". Orlando Sentinel. Retrieved August 24, 2010.
25.Jump up ^ "He's so dangerous trainers can't work with him directly... but SeaWorld puts Tilikum the whale who killed his trainer back on show". Daily Mail. March 30, 2011. Retrieved March 20, 2011.
26.Jump up ^ "SeaWorld Tilikum sick". Orlando Sentinel. December 22, 2011. Retrieved December 22, 2011.
27.Jump up ^ Fielding, James (November 17, 2013). "SeaWorld whale that ‘killed’ three still being used to breed, former worker claims". Express UK.
28.Jump up ^ "Tommy Lee Explodes Over Whale Sperm". TMZ. December 7, 2010.
29.Jump up ^ Gina Serpe (December 8, 2010). "Tommy Lee Is Against Whale Masturbation. Who Isn't?". eonline.com (E! News).
30.Jump up ^ Kinosian, Janet. "Director Gabriela Cowperthwaite gets in deep with 'Blackfish'". The Los Angeles Times. Retrieved 27 December 2013.
31.Jump up ^ Duke, Alan. "Barenaked Ladies' SeaWorld gig is off after viewing 'Blackfish'". Retrieved 27 December 2013.
32.Jump up ^ David, John P. "Blackfish Backlash Continues". The Huffington Post. Retrieved 27 December 2013.
33.Jump up ^ http://www.nytimes.com/aponline/2014/01/16/us/ap-us-travel-brief-seaworld-entertainers-canceling.html?hp
External links[edit]
Orcahome
Center for Whale Research
Tilikum at the Internet Movie Database
 


Categories: Individual killer whales
1981 animal births
SeaWorld Orlando







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Keiko (orca)
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
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Keiko
KeikoOrcaFreeWillyDec98.jpg
Keiko on December 1, 1998

Species
Orcinus orca
Sex
Male
Born
c. 1976
 Near Iceland
Died
December 12, 2003 (aged 27)
 Taknes Fjord, Norway
Years active
1993 - 2003
Notable role
Willy in Free Willy
Weight
6 tons (12,000 pounds)
Website
www.keiko.com
Keiko (earlier Siggi[1]) (c. 1976 – December 12, 2003) was a male orca who is best known for portraying Willy in the 1993 film Free Willy and an attempt to reintegrate the whale into the wild.


Contents  [hide]
1 History
2 Death
3 Filmography
4 References
5 External links

History[edit]
Keiko, whose name means "lucky one" in the Japanese language but is given only to females,[2][3] was captured near Reyðarfjörður, Iceland in 1979 and sold to the Icelandic aquarium in Hafnarfjörður. Three years later he was sold to Marineland in Ontario where he first started performing for the public and developed skin lesions indicative of poor health. He was then sold to Reino Aventura (now named Six Flags Mexico), an amusement park in Mexico City, in 1985. He was the star of the movie Free Willy in 1993.
The publicity from his role in Free Willy led to an effort by Warner Brothers Studio to find him a better home. Donations from the studio and Craig McCaw led to the establishment of the Free Willy-Keiko Foundation in February 1995. With donations from the foundation and millions of school children, the Oregon Coast Aquarium in Newport, Oregon was given over $7 million to construct facilities to return him to health with the hope of returning him to the wild. UPS provided ground transportation to the nearby Newport Municipal Airport in a specialized container. Weighing 3500 kg (7720 pounds), he was transported by air in a C-130 Hercules donated by UPS to his new home on January 7, 1996. During his years in Oregon his weight increased over a ton.[4]
The plan to return him to the wild was a topic of much controversy. Some felt his years of captivity made such a return impossible. Researchers in a scientific study later said attempts to return him to the wild were unsuccessful, but that monitoring him with radio and satellite tags was part of "a contingency plan for return to human care," which secured "the long-term well-being of the animal.".[5] Others considered his release misguided.[6] The Norwegian pro-whaling politician Steinar Bastesen made international news for his statement that Keiko should instead be killed and the meat sent to Africa as foreign aid.[7] Nevertheless, the process of preparing Keiko for the wild began on September 9, 1998, when he was flown to Klettsvík, a bay on the island of Heimaey in Vestmannaeyjar, Iceland. Upon landing, the C-17 Globemaster aircraft suffered a landing gear failure causing over $1 million in damage, though Keiko was unharmed.[8][9] His day-to-day care became the responsibility of the Free Willy-Keiko Foundation with management assistance from the Ocean Futures Society. He underwent training designed to prepare him for his eventual release, including supervised swims in the open ocean.
Ocean Futures left the Keiko project in late 2001. The Free Willy-Keiko Foundation and The Humane Society of the United States re-established management of the project at that time until Keiko's death in 2003. Keiko finally departed Icelandic waters with wild whales in early August 2002. However, about three weeks later he showed up in a Norwegian fjord, apparently seeking contact with human beings and allowing children to ride on his back.[10] His caretakers relocated to Norway and continued to conduct boat-follows with Keiko for the next 15 months.[11] He failed to reintegrate with wild whales.,[12] but the likelihood that he fed during his 900 mile journey to Norway from Iceland was high, based on girth measurements and blood work.[13]



 Loading Keiko onto a U.S. Air Force C-17 transport on September 9, 1998 in Newport, Oregon for transport to the Westman Islands in Iceland
Death[edit]
Keiko died in Taknes Bay, Norway while swimming in the fjords on December 12, 2003, at about 26 years of age. Pneumonia was determined as his probable cause of death by his veterinarian. Keiko was buried in the cover of darkness in the middle of a blizzard with three members (an American, Icelander, and Norwegian) of his caretaking team, the land owners and the machine operator present. Members of the paparazzi tried to get pictures of Keiko's dead body. Keiko was buried like a Nordic King with Thor's hammer sounding off during the ceremony.
There is a memorial site for Keiko set up by the locals in Halsa, Norway. Norwegian school children built a wooden cairn to mark the spot where he is buried. Tourists continue to travel to Norway every year to see Keiko’s final resting place, honoring his legacy as the most famous whale in the world and an ambassador of captive whales worldwide.[14]
Filmography[edit]
In 2010 the film Keiko: The Untold Story was released. In 2013 a New York Times video, The Whale Who Would Not Be Freed, included interviews about Keiko's only partly successful return to the ocean.[15]
Quinceañera (1987; TV series)...Orca
Keiko en peligro (1990)...Keiko
Free Willy (1993)...Willy
Free Willy 2: The Adventure Home (1995)... Willy (Credited, though an animatronic whale was used for the majority of the scenes)
Free Willy 3 (1997)... Willy (Credited, though an animatronic whale was used for most if not all the scenes)
Keiko: The Untold Story (2010)
The Whale Who Would Not Be Freed. (2013)...(New York Times Video, September 16, 2013)

Portal icon 1990s portal
References[edit]
1.Jump up ^ Stephensen, Sindri (June 10, 2010). "Aftur til fortíðar: Þegar ísbirnir voru í Sædýrasafninu í Hafnar- firði - og ljón, apar og kengúrur". pressan.is (in Icelandic). Retrieved May 15, 2013.
2.Jump up ^ Keiko the Whale
3.Jump up ^ [1] BBC NEWS | Keiko the 'Free Willy' Whale Dies
4.Jump up ^ Keiko.com: Keiko's Story: The Timeline
5.Jump up ^ M. Simon, M. B. Hanson, L. Murrey, J. Tougaard,& F. Ugarte (2009). "An attempt to release Keiko the killer whale". Marine Mammal Science 25 (3): 693–705. doi:10.1111/j.1748-7692.2009.00287.x.
6.Jump up ^ Why freeing Willy was the wrong thing to do, Catherine Brahic, New Scientist, 28 April 2009
7.Jump up ^ McCarthy, Michael (15 September 1998). "`Turn Keiko into meatballs'". The Independent.
8.Jump up ^ C-17A S/N 96-0006
9.Jump up ^ "C-17 Accident During Whale Lift Due To Design Flaw"[dead link]
10.Jump up ^ "Keiko not so 'Wild' in Norway". Komonews.com. 2 September 2002 [updated 31 August 2006]. Retrieved 29 October 2013.
11.Jump up ^ M. Simon, M. B. Hanson, L. Murrey, J. Tougaard,& F. Ugarte (2009). "An attempt to release Keiko the killer whale". Marine Mammal Science 25 (3): 693–705. doi:10.1111/j.1748-7692.2009.00287.x.
12.Jump up ^ "Keiko in Norway". Ex Viking. Retrieved December 27, 2013.
13.Jump up ^ M. Simon, M. B. Hanson, L. Murrey, J. Tougaard,& F. Ugarte (2009). "An attempt to release Keiko the killer whale". Marine Mammal Science 25 (3): 693–705. doi:10.1111/j.1748-7692.2009.00287.x.
14.Jump up ^ "Keiko deserves a star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame". keikotheuntoldstory.com. 2013-03-16.
15.Jump up ^ Winerip, Michael (16 September 2013). "Retro Report: The Whale Who Would Not Be Freed" (video, 11:43). New York Times. Retrieved 17 September 2013.
External links[edit]
The Free Willy Keiko Foundation
Keiko The Untold Story Documentary
Oregon Coast Aquarium
Keiko at the Internet Movie Database
Keiko at Find a Grave
 


Categories: 1976 animal births
2003 animal deaths
Animal actors
Deaths from pneumonia
Individual killer whales
Newport, Oregon
Oregon Coast






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Keiko: The Untold Story
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Keiko: The Untold Story
Keiko The Untold Story.jpg
Directed by
Theresa Demarest
Produced by
Theresa Demarest
Distributed by
Joshua Records LLC
Release date(s)
2010
Running time
75 minutes
Language
English
Keiko: The Untold story is a 2010 documentary film about Keiko, the Orca best known for starring in the film Free Willy and its two sequels. It was directed and produced by Theresa Demarest. The film made the official selection list of many film festivals, including the Southern Utah International Documentary Film Festival,[1] the San Francisco Ocean Film Festival[2] and the Denver Film Festival.[3]
In August 2013 a HD version of the film entitled Keiko: The Untold Story of the Star of Free Willy (HD) premiered at the Eqyptian Theater in Hollywood during the 20th Anniversary Celebration Benefit for the Free Willy Keiko Foundation. The World Premiere of the film included a Blue Carpet Ceremony with the stars and director of both Free Willy and the documentary.
Awards[edit]
CINE - Golden Eagle Award (Fall 2010)[4]
References[edit]
1.Jump up ^ "Film Schedule". Southern Utah International Documentary Film Festival. Retrieved March 29, 2012.
2.Jump up ^ "Progmram 2011". San Francisco Ocean Film Festival. Retrieved March 29, 2012.
3.Jump up ^ "Films: Keiko The Untold Story". Denver Film Festival. Retrieved March 29, 2012.
4.Jump up ^ "Fall 2010 CINE Golden Eagle Award Recipients". CINE. Retrieved March 29, 2012.
External links[edit]
Official website
Keiko: The Untold Story at AllMovie



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Blackfish (film)
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
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Blackfish
Black-and-white picture of an orca (killer whale) with the title Blackfish and credits underneath
Theatrical release poster

Directed by
Gabriela Cowperthwaite
Produced by
Manuel V. Oteyza
 Gabriela Cowperthwaite
Written by
Gabriela Cowperthwaite
 Eli Despres
 Tim Zimmermann
Music by
Jeff Beal
Cinematography
Jonathan Ingalls
 Christopher Towey
Edited by
Eli Despres
Production
   company
CNN Films
 Manny O. Productions
Distributed by
Magnolia Pictures
Release date(s)
January 19, 2013 (Sundance)
July 19, 2013 (United States)

Running time
83 minutes
Country
United States
Language
English
Box office
$2,073,582
Blackfish is a 2013 documentary directed by Gabriela Cowperthwaite. The film premiered at the 2013 Sundance Film Festival on January 19, 2013, and was picked up by Magnolia Pictures and CNN Films for wider release.
Blackfish focuses on Tilikum, an orca held by SeaWorld, and the controversy over captive killer whales.


Contents  [hide]
1 Synopsis
2 Development
3 Reception 3.1 Critical reception
3.2 Box office
3.3 Response from trainers
3.4 Response from SeaWorld
4 Impact
5 Home media
6 See also
7 References
8 External links

Synopsis[edit]
The documentary[1] focuses on the captivity of Tilikum, an orca involved in the deaths of three individuals, and the consequences of keeping orcas in captivity. The coverage of Tilikum includes his capture in 1983 off the coast of Iceland, purported harassment by fellow captive orcas at Sealand of the Pacific, incidents that Cowperthwaite argues contributed to the orca's aggression and includes testimonial from Lori Marino, Director of Science with Nonhuman Rights Project. Cowperthwaite also focuses on SeaWorld's claims that lifespans of orcas in captivity are comparable to those in the wild,[2] typically 30 years for males and 50 years for females,[3] a claim the film argues is false.[4] Interview subjects also include former SeaWorld trainers, such as John Hargrove.
Development[edit]
Cowperthwaite began work on the film after the 2010 death of Tilikum's trainer Dawn Brancheau and in response to the claim that the orca had targeted the trainer because she had worn her hair in a ponytail.[5] Cowperthwaite argued that this claim had been conjecture and that "there had to be more to this story".[5]
The film premiered at the 2013 Sundance Film Festival on January 19, 2013, and was picked up by Magnolia Pictures and CNN Films for wider release.[4]
Reception[edit]
Critical reception[edit]
The review-aggregation website Rotten Tomatoes said 98% of 94 critics gave the film a positive review, with the site's consensus stating, "Blackfish is an aggressive, impassioned documentary that will change the way you look at performance killer whales."[6] The Deseret News called it "a gripping example of documentary filmmaking at its finest".[7] At Metacritic, which assigns a weighted average score out of 100 reviews from mainstream critics, the film received an average score of 83 based on 33 reviews.[8]
Box office[edit]
In release for 14 weeks, the film earned $2,073,582 at the North American domestic box office.[9]
Response from trainers[edit]
After the film's release, former SeaWorld trainer Bridgette Pirtle said the final film was "a complete ‘180’ from what was originally presented to me."[10] Mark Simmons, one of Tilikum's first trainers, believed few of his interview comments were used "[b]ecause the things I said flew in the face of the movie’s clear agenda. What I contributed did not support Gabriela or Tim Zimmerman’s intent with the film."[11]
In January 2014, the family of the late trainer Dawn Brancheau said neither it nor the foundation named after her were affiliated with the film, and that they did not believe it accurately reflected Brancheau or her experiences.[12]
Response from SeaWorld[edit]
SeaWorld Entertainment refused to take part in the production of Blackfish, and later claimed the film was inaccurate,[13] saying in a statement:

Blackfish ... is inaccurate and misleading and, regrettably, exploits a tragedy .... [T]he film paints a distorted picture that withholds ...key facts about SeaWorld—among them...that SeaWorld rescues, rehabilitates and returns to the wild hundreds of wild animals every year, and that SeaWorld commits millions of dollars annually to conservation and scientific research.[14]
SeaWorld responded further with an open letter rebutting the claims.[2] The Oceanic Preservation Society and The Orca Project, a non-profit focusing on orca in captivity, responded with open letters criticizing SeaWorld's claims.[15][16] Marine researcher Debbie Giles also offered rebuttals to SeaWorld, finding its assertions inaccurate.[17]
SeaWorld also created a section of its website titled "Truth About Blackfish," addressing the claims stated above and highlighting what it considered other problems with the film:[18][19]
On February 27, 2014, SeaWorld filed a complaint with the U.S. Department of Labor, claiming the Occupational Safety and Health Administration investigator who investigated Brancheau's death had behaved unethically by aiding the filmmakers. Cowperthwaite denied claims of improper collaboration.[20]
In March 2014, Cowperthwaite rebutted a number of claims on SeaWorld's website and challenged SeaWorld officials to a public debate.[21]
Impact[edit]
 The ending to the upcoming animated film Finding Dory was revised after Pixar's John Lasseter and Andrew Stanton saw the film and spoke with director Gabriela Cowperthwaite. The depiction of a marine park in the film was altered.[22]
Reaction to the documentary prompted the bands and singers Heart, Barenaked Ladies, Willie Nelson, Martina McBride, .38 Special, Cheap Trick, REO Speedwagon, Pat Benatar, The Beach Boys, Trace Adkins and Trisha Yearwood to cancel their concerts at the "Bands, Brew & BBQ" event at SeaWorld Orlando and Busch Gardens Tampa in 2014.[23][24][25][26]
SeaWorld announced afterward it had suffered a $15.9 million loss, which CEO James Atchison attributed in part to high ticket prices and poor weather.[27]
Overall attendance at SeaWorld parks and Busch Gardens declined by 5% in the first nine months of 2013, though it was unclear if the drop in attendance was due to the influence of the film.[20] SeaWorld claimed attendance figures for its three marine parks — Orlando, San Diego and San Antonio — in the last three months of 2013 were at record levels for that quarter.[28]
In response to the film, New York State Senator Greg Ball proposed legislation in New York that ban keeping orcas in captivity.[29] In March 2014, California State Assemblyman Richard Bloom introduced the Orca Welfare and Safety Act, a bill in California that would ban entertainment-driven killer whale captivity and retire all current whales.[30]
Home media[edit]
Blackfish was released on DVD and Blu-ray Disc on August 26, 2013 in the UK (Region 2, PAL).[citation needed] Its US release was on November 12, 2013.[citation needed]
The documentary was broadcast on CNN on October 24, 2013.[22] After the broadcast, CNN aired an Anderson Cooper special with Jack Hanna, Gabriela Cowperthwaite, Naomi Rose and Jack Hurley. This was followed by a special edition of Crossfire with Blackfish associate producer Tim Zimmermann debating Grey Stafford, a conservationist, zoologist, and member of the International Marine Animal Trainers Association.
The documentary aired on BBC Four in the UK on November 21, 2013 as part of the Storyville documentary series.[31]
See also[edit]
Killer whale attacks on humans
Non-human animal personhood
Nonhuman Rights Project
References[edit]
1.Jump up ^ French, Philip (July 27, 2013). "Blackfish – review". The Observer (UK). Retrieved March 9, 2014.
2.^ Jump up to: a b "SeaWorld: The Truth Is in Our Parks and People. An Open Letter from SeaWorld’s Animal Advocates". SeaWorld. Undated. Archived from the original on December 27, 2013. Retrieved December 26, 2013.
3.Jump up ^ "Killer Whale (Orcinus orca)". National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Office of Protected Fisheries. Archived from the original on February 10, 2014. Retrieved December 26, 2013.
4.^ Jump up to: a b Kaufman, Amy (January 25, 2013). "'Blackfish' has SeaWorld in hot water". Los Angeles Times. Retrieved February 13, 2013.
5.^ Jump up to: a b Kohn, Eric (January 26, 2013). "Sundance Interview: 'Blackfish' Director Gabriela Cowperthwaite Discusses Suffering Orcas, Trainer Death, and Why SeaWorld Hasn't Seen the Movie". IndieWire. Archived from the original on October 29, 2013. Retrieved February 13, 2013.
6.Jump up ^ "Blackfish". Rotten Tomatoes. Retrieved November 23, 2013.
7.Jump up ^ Peterson, Jeff (January 24, 2013). "Sundance review: 'Blackfish' is an alarming film". Deseret News. Retrieved February 13, 2013.
8.Jump up ^ Blackfish at Metacritic
9.Jump up ^ "Blackfish (2013)". Box Office Mojo. October 24, 2013. Retrieved November 23, 2013.
10.Jump up ^ Davis, Eric (January 9, 2014). "Blackfish Exposed by Former SeaWorld Trainer". MiceChat.com. Retrieved January 13, 2014.
11.Jump up ^ Davis, Eric (January 13, 2014). "More Blackfish Backlash – Tilikum’s Trainer Dives In". MiceChat.com. Retrieved January 13, 2014.
12.Jump up ^ Garcia, Jason (January 21, 2014). "Family of Dawn Brancheau chastises 'Blackfish'". Orlando Sentinel. Retrieved January 23, 2014.
13.Jump up ^ Pat Saperstein (July 18, 2013). "SeaWorld: Killer Whale Doc ‘Blackfish’ Is ‘Inaccurate’". Variety. Retrieved November 30, 2013.
14.Jump up ^ "SeaWorld responds to questions about captive orcas, 'Blackfish' film". CNN. October 21, 2013. Retrieved October 23, 2013.
15.Jump up ^ "Marine Mammal Captivity: The Truth Is in the Facts An Open Letter from the Informed American Public". Oceanic Preservation Society. Retrieved January 13, 2014.
16.Jump up ^ Costanzo, Amy. "An Open Letter BACK to SeaWorld". The Orca Project. Retrieved January 13, 2014.
17.Jump up ^ "SeaWorld Is So Pissed Over the Blackfish Documentary". Gawker.com. Retrieved January 13, 2014.
18.Jump up ^ Parker, Kolten (February 17, 2014). "SeaWorld posts videos in response to 'Blackfish' documentary". San Antonio Express-News. Retrieved February 19, 2014.
19.Jump up ^ SeaWorld.com "Truth About Blackfish". SeaWorld. Undated. Retrieved 2014-04-08.
20.^ Jump up to: a b Cieply, Michael (February 27, 2014). "SeaWorld Questions Ethics of ‘Blackfish’ Investigator". The New York Times. Retrieved March 7, 2014.
21.Jump up ^ "Blackfish Director Challenges SeaWorld to Debate". EcoWatch. Retrieved March 7, 2014.
22.^ Jump up to: a b Kaufman, Amy (August 9, 2013). "'Blackfish' gives Pixar second thoughts on 'Finding Dory' plot". Los Angeles Times. Retrieved August 9, 2013.
23.Jump up ^ Ahmed, Saeed (December 9, 2013). "Heart cancels SeaWorld show amid 'Blackfish' controversy". CNN. Retrieved December 27, 2013.
24.Jump up ^ Duke, Alan (December 16, 2013). "Martina McBride, 38 Special, cancel SeaWorld gig over 'Blackfish' backlash". CNN. Retrieved December 27, 2013.
25.Jump up ^ "Beach Boys, Benatar Cancel at Busch Gardens". The New York Times. Associated Press. January 16, 2014. Retrieved January 20, 2014.
26.Jump up ^ Gibson, Megan (December 11, 2013). "The Documentary Blackfish Is Still Creating Waves at SeaWorld". Time.
27.Jump up ^ Stock, Kyle (August 29, 2013). "SeaWorld's Slump Raises a Question: Is Shamu Too Sad, or Too Expensive?". Bloomberg Businessweek. Archived from the original on October 5, 2013.
28.Jump up ^ Garcia, Jason (January 13, 2014). "Amid 'Blackfish' controversy, SeaWorld sets attendance record". Orlando Sentinel. Archived from the original on April 2, 2004. Retrieved 2014-04-08.
29.Jump up ^ "Sign The Petition To End The Torture". Nysenate.gov. Archived from the original on March 7, 2014. Retrieved March 7, 2014.
30.Jump up ^ Michael, Martinez (December 16, 2013). "California bill would ban orca shows at SeaWorld". CNN. Archived from the original on March 9, 2014. Retrieved March 7, 2014.
31.Jump up ^ "Storyville: Blackfish - The Whale That Killed". BBC. November 21, 2013. Archived from the original on January 29, 2014. Retrieved November 22, 2013. "The story of a killer whale who has taken the lives of several people while in captivity"
External links[edit]
Official website
Blackfish at the Internet Movie Database
SeaWorld's Truth About Blackfish site


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Tilikum (orca)
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Tilikum
Shamu1.jpg
Tilikum during a 2009 performance at SeaWorld

Species
Orcinus orca
Breed
Icelandic Transient
Sex
Male
Born
c. December 1981 (age 32)
Years active
1982 – present
Weight
12,000 pounds (5,400 kg)
Tilikum (born c. December 1981),[1] nicknamed Tilly,[2] is a bull orca who currently lives in captivity at SeaWorld Orlando, Florida. He formerly lived at Sealand of the Pacific in South Oak Bay, British Columbia. He has sired 21 calves, with 11 still alive. He has also been involved in the deaths of three people during his time in captivity: a trainer at the now-defunct Sealand of the Pacific in British Columbia, a trainer at Orlando's SeaWorld, and a man trespassing on SeaWorld Orlando's property. In the Chinook Jargon of the Pacific Northwest, the name means "friends, relations, tribe, nation, common people."[3]
Tilikum is heavily featured in CNN Films' 2013 documentary Blackfish.


Contents  [hide]
1 Description
2 Captivity 2.1 Sealand of the Pacific
2.2 First death
2.3 Second death
2.4 Third death
2.5 Return to performing
3 Offspring
4 Family
5 Controversy
6 See also
7 References
8 External links

Description[edit]
Tilikum measures 22.5 feet (6.9 m) long and weighs 12,000 pounds (5,400 kg).[4] His pectoral fins are 7 feet (2.1 m) long, his fluke curls under, and his 6.5 foot (2.0 m)-tall dorsal fin is collapsed completely to his left side. He is the largest orca in captivity. Tilikum's vocals are higher than other male orcas his size.[citation needed]
Captivity[edit]
Tilikum was captured in Berufjörður off the east coast of Iceland on November 9, 1983 at about two years of age, along with two other orcas named "Nandu" and "Samoa".[citation needed]



 Tilikum in display tank
Sealand of the Pacific[edit]
Tilikum was first owned by Sealand of the Pacific, now closed, in South Oak Bay, British Columbia, near the city of Victoria on Vancouver Island, Canada. There, he lived with two older female orcas named Haida II and Nootka IV. Tilikum was at the bottom of the social structure, and Haida II and Nootka IV behaved aggressively towards him, including forcing him into a smaller medical pool where trainers kept him for protection.[5]
First death[edit]
On February 20, 1991, Keltie Byrne, a 20-year-old marine biology student and competitive swimmer, slipped into the pool containing Tilikum, Haidi II and Nootka IV while working as a part-time Sealand trainer. The three orcas submerged her, dragging her around the pool and preventing her from surfacing.[5] At one point she reached the side and tried to climb out but, as horrified visitors watched from the sidelines, the orcas pulled her screaming back into the pool. Other trainers responded to her screams, throwing her a life-ring, but the orcas kept her away from it. She surfaced three times screaming before drowning, and it was several hours before her body could be recovered from the pool.[6][7] Both females were pregnant at the time, which was not known to the trainers.[8][9][10]
Tilikum was moved to SeaWorld Orlando, Florida on January 9, 1992. Sealand of the Pacific closed soon afterward.[11]



 Tilikum at SeaWorld Orlando (2009)
Second death[edit]
On July 6, 1999, a 27-year-old man named Daniel P. Dukes was found dead and naked, draped over Tilikum’s back.[12] Dukes had visited SeaWorld the previous day, stayed after the park closed, and evaded security to enter the orca tank. An autopsy found numerous wounds, contusions, and abrasions covering his body, including "postmortem laceration and avulsion of the scrotum with testes," concluding that Dukes may have died from hypothermia and drowning. Details regarding Dukes' swim trunks suggest they were torn off by Tilikum, and the medical examiner reports that no drugs or alcohol were found in Dukes' system.[13][14][15][16]
Third death[edit]
On February 24, 2010, Tilikum was involved in a third incident when he killed Dawn Brancheau, a 40-year-old trainer.[17][18] Brancheau was killed following a "Dine with Shamu" show. The veteran trainer was rubbing Tilikum as part of a post-show routine when the whale grabbed her and pulled her into the water.[19] At least a dozen patrons witnessed Brancheau in the water with Tilikum; however, it is unclear how many patrons witnessed enough of the incident to understand at the time that it was out of the ordinary. Employees used nets and threw food at Tilikum in an attempt to distract him.[13]
Moving from pool to pool in the complex, they eventually directed Tilikum to a smaller, medical pool, where it would be easier to calm him. He subsequently released Brancheau's body. A SeaWorld executive, witnesses and video footage from right before the attack confirm that Brancheau was lying with her face next to Tilikum's on a slide-out (a platform submerged about a foot into water). SeaWorld claimed that the trainer was pulled into the water by her ponytail and that it may have got caught in Tilikum's teeth, stating further that the trainer's hair may have also been confused for a toy or a fish because Brancheau had been holding a fish previously and may have touched her hair afterwards, leaving the scent.[20] However, witnesses to the incident stated that the trainer was pulled into the water by her arm.[13][21]
Brancheau's autopsy indicated death by drowning and blunt force trauma. The autopsy noted that her spinal cord was severed and she had sustained fractures to her jawbone, ribs, and a cervical vertebra. Her scalp was completely avulsed from her head and her left arm was avulsed at mid humerus.[22]
On August 23, 2010, the park was fined US$75,000 by the Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) for three safety violations, two directly related to Brancheau's death. SeaWorld issued a statement that called OSHA's findings "unfounded".[23] Although Brancheau's widower, Scott Brancheau, hired a Chicago law firm that specializes in wrongful-death litigation, he has not taken any legal action against SeaWorld.[24]
Return to performing[edit]
Tilikum returned to performing on March 30, 2011. High pressure water hoses are used to massage him, rather than hands, and removable guardrails have also begun to be used on the platforms. There are plans to install false-bottom floors that can lift trainers and whales out of the pools in under a minute. He has been paired with his grandson Trua, and can often be seen performing alongside him during the finale of the new "One Ocean" Show. He has on occasion been kept with his daughter Malia, or both Trua and Malia at the same time.[25] In December 2011, he was put on hiatus from the shows following an undisclosed illness. He resumed performing at SeaWorld Orlando in the spring of 2012.[26]
Offspring[edit]
Tilikum is the most successful sire in captivity, with 21 offspring, 11 of which are still alive.[27] While living in Sealand, Tilikum sired his first calf Kyuquot, which was born to Haida II on December 24, 1991. Since his arrival at SeaWorld, Tilikum has sired many calves with different female orcas:
1.Kyuquot (1991)
2.SOP-9201 (1992 - died after 36 days, cause unknown)
3.Nyar (1993–1996)
4.Taku (1993-2007)
5.SWF-9401 (1994 - stillbirth)
6.SWF-9601 (1996 - stillbirth)
7.Unna (1996)
8.SWF-9701 (1997 - stillbirth)
9.Sumar (1998–2010)
10.Tuar (1999)
11.Tekoa (2000)
12.Nakai (2001)†
13.SWT-0101 (2001 - stillbirth)
14.Kohana (2002)†
15.Ikaika (2002)
16.Skyla (2004)
17.SWF-0501 (2005 - miscarriage unconfirmed)
18.Malia (2007)
19.Sakari (2010)
20.SWF-1001 (2010 - stillbirth)
21.Makaio (2010)
† In 1999, Tilikum began training for artificial insemination. In early 2000, Kasatka, who resides at SeaWorld San Diego, was artificially inseminated using his sperm. She gave birth to a male calf, Nakai, on September 1, 2001. On May 3, 2002, another female in San Diego, named Takara, bore Tilikum's calf through artificial insemination. The calf was a female, named Kohana.
Family[edit]
Daughters: Unna, SWF-9701, Nyar*, Kohana, Skyla, Malia and Sakari.
Sons: Kyuquot, SOP-9201 (1992-1992), Taku*, Sumar*, Tuar, Tekoa, Nakai, SWT-0101, Ikaika, Makaio
Offspring unknown: SWF-9401, SWF-9601, SWF-0501 and SWF-1001.
Granddaughters: Nalani, Victoria*
Grandsons: Trua, Adán
Controversy[edit]
On December 7, 2010, TMZ reported that PETA and Mötley Crüe member Tommy Lee sent a letter to Terry Prather, SeaWorld's president, referencing SeaWorld's announcement regarding limiting human contact with Tilikum. In the letter, Lee refers to Tilikum as SeaWorld's "Chief Sperm Bank" and asserts that "we know from SeaWorld's own director of safety (as well as videos on the web)" that SeaWorld obtains sperm from Tilikum by having a person "get into the pool and masturbate him with a cow's vagina filled with hot water" which constitutes continued human contact. The letter implores SeaWorld to release Tilikum from his tank stating "I hope it doesn't take another tragic death for SeaWorld to realize it shouldn't frustrate these smart animals by keeping them [confined] in tanks".[28] On December 8, 2010, the SeaWorld VP of Communications responded to Mr. Lee's letter via E! News, stating that PETA's facts were not only inaccurate, but that SeaWorld trainers "do not now, nor have they ever entered the water with Tilikum for this purpose."[29]
Tilikum and the captivity of other orcas is the main subject of the documentary film Blackfish, which premiered at the Sundance Film Festival in January 2013.[30] The film and a subsequent online petition have led to several popular musical groups cancelling performances at SeaWorld and Busch Gardens "Bands, Brew & BBQ" event in 2014.[31][32][33]
See also[edit]
Issues with orcas in captivity
Incidents at SeaWorld parks
References[edit]
1.Jump up ^ Document shown in documentary Blackfish states "born 12/1981"
2.Jump up ^ "Intentions of Whale in Killing Are Debated". New York Times. February 26, 2010.
3.Jump up ^ Watson, Kenneth (Greg) (July 2002). "Chinook Jargon". White River Journal. White River Valley Museum. Retrieved August 4, 2012.
4.Jump up ^ "Tilikum". cetacousin.bplaced.net. Cetacean Cousins. Retrieved August 4, 2012.
5.^ Jump up to: a b "Inside Seaworld - The Tilikum Transaction". PBS Frontline.
6.Jump up ^ Hoyt, Eric (1992). "The Performing Orcas - why the show must stop". Whale and Dolphin Conservation Society.
7.Jump up ^ Zimmerman, Tim (2011). "The Killer in the Pool". The Best American Sampler 2011. Houghton Mifflin Harcourt. p. 336.
8.Jump up ^ "Trainer dragged to death by whales". Toronto Star. February 21, 1991.
9.Jump up ^ Helm, Denise (March 4, 2010). "Tilikum incident still haunts Wright". Oak Bay News.
10.Jump up ^ "Sealand opens its doors for first show since drowning". The Vancouver Sun. 4 March 1991.
11.Jump up ^ "Oak Bay Marine Group timeline".
12.Jump up ^ "Corpse Is Found on Whale". New York Times. July 7, 1999. Retrieved September 11, 2011.
13.^ Jump up to: a b c Zimmermann, Tim (July 30, 2010). "The Killer in the Pool". Outside Online. Retrieved December 4, 2012.
14.Jump up ^ Greene, Leonard (February 27, 2010). "SeaWorld whale mauls and kills trainer in front of audience". New York Post. Retrieved December 4, 2012.
15.Jump up ^ "Park Is Sued Over Death of Man in Whale Tank". New York Times. September 29, 1999. Retrieved September 11, 2011.
16.Jump up ^ Bonner, Stayton (July 7, 1999). "Daniel Dukes' Medical Examiners Report". Scribd. Retrieved July 9, 2013.
17.Jump up ^ "SeaWorld trainer killed by killer whale". CNN. February 25, 2010. Retrieved March 11, 2010.
18.Jump up ^ Ed Pilkington (February 25, 2010). "Killer whale Tilikum to be spared after drowning trainer by ponytail". London: The Guardian. Retrieved March 11, 2010.
19.Jump up ^ "New details emerge in death of SeaWorld Orlando trainer in orca incident". Latimesblogs.latimes.com. 2010-02-24. Retrieved 2014-04-29.
20.Jump up ^ Myers, Anika (2010-02-27). "Sea World trainer killed: Shamu Believe show resumes with standing ovation". Orlando Sentinel. Retrieved 2010-03-11.
21.Jump up ^ "SeaWorld Trainer Death Theory Debunked as a Ponytail Tale". theorcaproject.wordpress.com. The Orca Project. Retrieved May 10, 2011.
22.Jump up ^ "Autopsy report". Autopsy report. Office of the Medical examiner, district nine, FL. Retrieved 9 February 2014.
23.Jump up ^ "OSHA fines SeaWorld for worker safety issues following orca trainer's death". Los Angeles Times. August 23, 2010. Retrieved August 4, 2012.
24.Jump up ^ Garcia, Jason (August 24, 2010). "SeaWorld trainer's family hires lawyers". Orlando Sentinel. Retrieved August 24, 2010.
25.Jump up ^ "He's so dangerous trainers can't work with him directly... but SeaWorld puts Tilikum the whale who killed his trainer back on show". Daily Mail. March 30, 2011. Retrieved March 20, 2011.
26.Jump up ^ "SeaWorld Tilikum sick". Orlando Sentinel. December 22, 2011. Retrieved December 22, 2011.
27.Jump up ^ Fielding, James (November 17, 2013). "SeaWorld whale that ‘killed’ three still being used to breed, former worker claims". Express UK.
28.Jump up ^ "Tommy Lee Explodes Over Whale Sperm". TMZ. December 7, 2010.
29.Jump up ^ Gina Serpe (December 8, 2010). "Tommy Lee Is Against Whale Masturbation. Who Isn't?". eonline.com (E! News).
30.Jump up ^ Kinosian, Janet. "Director Gabriela Cowperthwaite gets in deep with 'Blackfish'". The Los Angeles Times. Retrieved 27 December 2013.
31.Jump up ^ Duke, Alan. "Barenaked Ladies' SeaWorld gig is off after viewing 'Blackfish'". Retrieved 27 December 2013.
32.Jump up ^ David, John P. "Blackfish Backlash Continues". The Huffington Post. Retrieved 27 December 2013.
33.Jump up ^ http://www.nytimes.com/aponline/2014/01/16/us/ap-us-travel-brief-seaworld-entertainers-canceling.html?hp
External links[edit]
Orcahome
Center for Whale Research
Tilikum at the Internet Movie Database
 


Categories: Individual killer whales
1981 animal births
SeaWorld Orlando







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Keiko (orca)
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
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Keiko
KeikoOrcaFreeWillyDec98.jpg
Keiko on December 1, 1998

Species
Orcinus orca
Sex
Male
Born
c. 1976
 Near Iceland
Died
December 12, 2003 (aged 27)
 Taknes Fjord, Norway
Years active
1993 - 2003
Notable role
Willy in Free Willy
Weight
6 tons (12,000 pounds)
Website
www.keiko.com
Keiko (earlier Siggi[1]) (c. 1976 – December 12, 2003) was a male orca who is best known for portraying Willy in the 1993 film Free Willy and an attempt to reintegrate the whale into the wild.


Contents  [hide]
1 History
2 Death
3 Filmography
4 References
5 External links

History[edit]
Keiko, whose name means "lucky one" in the Japanese language but is given only to females,[2][3] was captured near Reyðarfjörður, Iceland in 1979 and sold to the Icelandic aquarium in Hafnarfjörður. Three years later he was sold to Marineland in Ontario where he first started performing for the public and developed skin lesions indicative of poor health. He was then sold to Reino Aventura (now named Six Flags Mexico), an amusement park in Mexico City, in 1985. He was the star of the movie Free Willy in 1993.
The publicity from his role in Free Willy led to an effort by Warner Brothers Studio to find him a better home. Donations from the studio and Craig McCaw led to the establishment of the Free Willy-Keiko Foundation in February 1995. With donations from the foundation and millions of school children, the Oregon Coast Aquarium in Newport, Oregon was given over $7 million to construct facilities to return him to health with the hope of returning him to the wild. UPS provided ground transportation to the nearby Newport Municipal Airport in a specialized container. Weighing 3500 kg (7720 pounds), he was transported by air in a C-130 Hercules donated by UPS to his new home on January 7, 1996. During his years in Oregon his weight increased over a ton.[4]
The plan to return him to the wild was a topic of much controversy. Some felt his years of captivity made such a return impossible. Researchers in a scientific study later said attempts to return him to the wild were unsuccessful, but that monitoring him with radio and satellite tags was part of "a contingency plan for return to human care," which secured "the long-term well-being of the animal.".[5] Others considered his release misguided.[6] The Norwegian pro-whaling politician Steinar Bastesen made international news for his statement that Keiko should instead be killed and the meat sent to Africa as foreign aid.[7] Nevertheless, the process of preparing Keiko for the wild began on September 9, 1998, when he was flown to Klettsvík, a bay on the island of Heimaey in Vestmannaeyjar, Iceland. Upon landing, the C-17 Globemaster aircraft suffered a landing gear failure causing over $1 million in damage, though Keiko was unharmed.[8][9] His day-to-day care became the responsibility of the Free Willy-Keiko Foundation with management assistance from the Ocean Futures Society. He underwent training designed to prepare him for his eventual release, including supervised swims in the open ocean.
Ocean Futures left the Keiko project in late 2001. The Free Willy-Keiko Foundation and The Humane Society of the United States re-established management of the project at that time until Keiko's death in 2003. Keiko finally departed Icelandic waters with wild whales in early August 2002. However, about three weeks later he showed up in a Norwegian fjord, apparently seeking contact with human beings and allowing children to ride on his back.[10] His caretakers relocated to Norway and continued to conduct boat-follows with Keiko for the next 15 months.[11] He failed to reintegrate with wild whales.,[12] but the likelihood that he fed during his 900 mile journey to Norway from Iceland was high, based on girth measurements and blood work.[13]



 Loading Keiko onto a U.S. Air Force C-17 transport on September 9, 1998 in Newport, Oregon for transport to the Westman Islands in Iceland
Death[edit]
Keiko died in Taknes Bay, Norway while swimming in the fjords on December 12, 2003, at about 26 years of age. Pneumonia was determined as his probable cause of death by his veterinarian. Keiko was buried in the cover of darkness in the middle of a blizzard with three members (an American, Icelander, and Norwegian) of his caretaking team, the land owners and the machine operator present. Members of the paparazzi tried to get pictures of Keiko's dead body. Keiko was buried like a Nordic King with Thor's hammer sounding off during the ceremony.
There is a memorial site for Keiko set up by the locals in Halsa, Norway. Norwegian school children built a wooden cairn to mark the spot where he is buried. Tourists continue to travel to Norway every year to see Keiko’s final resting place, honoring his legacy as the most famous whale in the world and an ambassador of captive whales worldwide.[14]
Filmography[edit]
In 2010 the film Keiko: The Untold Story was released. In 2013 a New York Times video, The Whale Who Would Not Be Freed, included interviews about Keiko's only partly successful return to the ocean.[15]
Quinceañera (1987; TV series)...Orca
Keiko en peligro (1990)...Keiko
Free Willy (1993)...Willy
Free Willy 2: The Adventure Home (1995)... Willy (Credited, though an animatronic whale was used for the majority of the scenes)
Free Willy 3 (1997)... Willy (Credited, though an animatronic whale was used for most if not all the scenes)
Keiko: The Untold Story (2010)
The Whale Who Would Not Be Freed. (2013)...(New York Times Video, September 16, 2013)

Portal icon 1990s portal
References[edit]
1.Jump up ^ Stephensen, Sindri (June 10, 2010). "Aftur til fortíðar: Þegar ísbirnir voru í Sædýrasafninu í Hafnar- firði - og ljón, apar og kengúrur". pressan.is (in Icelandic). Retrieved May 15, 2013.
2.Jump up ^ Keiko the Whale
3.Jump up ^ [1] BBC NEWS | Keiko the 'Free Willy' Whale Dies
4.Jump up ^ Keiko.com: Keiko's Story: The Timeline
5.Jump up ^ M. Simon, M. B. Hanson, L. Murrey, J. Tougaard,& F. Ugarte (2009). "An attempt to release Keiko the killer whale". Marine Mammal Science 25 (3): 693–705. doi:10.1111/j.1748-7692.2009.00287.x.
6.Jump up ^ Why freeing Willy was the wrong thing to do, Catherine Brahic, New Scientist, 28 April 2009
7.Jump up ^ McCarthy, Michael (15 September 1998). "`Turn Keiko into meatballs'". The Independent.
8.Jump up ^ C-17A S/N 96-0006
9.Jump up ^ "C-17 Accident During Whale Lift Due To Design Flaw"[dead link]
10.Jump up ^ "Keiko not so 'Wild' in Norway". Komonews.com. 2 September 2002 [updated 31 August 2006]. Retrieved 29 October 2013.
11.Jump up ^ M. Simon, M. B. Hanson, L. Murrey, J. Tougaard,& F. Ugarte (2009). "An attempt to release Keiko the killer whale". Marine Mammal Science 25 (3): 693–705. doi:10.1111/j.1748-7692.2009.00287.x.
12.Jump up ^ "Keiko in Norway". Ex Viking. Retrieved December 27, 2013.
13.Jump up ^ M. Simon, M. B. Hanson, L. Murrey, J. Tougaard,& F. Ugarte (2009). "An attempt to release Keiko the killer whale". Marine Mammal Science 25 (3): 693–705. doi:10.1111/j.1748-7692.2009.00287.x.
14.Jump up ^ "Keiko deserves a star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame". keikotheuntoldstory.com. 2013-03-16.
15.Jump up ^ Winerip, Michael (16 September 2013). "Retro Report: The Whale Who Would Not Be Freed" (video, 11:43). New York Times. Retrieved 17 September 2013.
External links[edit]
The Free Willy Keiko Foundation
Keiko The Untold Story Documentary
Oregon Coast Aquarium
Keiko at the Internet Movie Database
Keiko at Find a Grave
 


Categories: 1976 animal births
2003 animal deaths
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Keiko: The Untold Story
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to: navigation, search


Keiko: The Untold Story
Keiko The Untold Story.jpg
Directed by
Theresa Demarest
Produced by
Theresa Demarest
Distributed by
Joshua Records LLC
Release date(s)
2010
Running time
75 minutes
Language
English
Keiko: The Untold story is a 2010 documentary film about Keiko, the Orca best known for starring in the film Free Willy and its two sequels. It was directed and produced by Theresa Demarest. The film made the official selection list of many film festivals, including the Southern Utah International Documentary Film Festival,[1] the San Francisco Ocean Film Festival[2] and the Denver Film Festival.[3]
In August 2013 a HD version of the film entitled Keiko: The Untold Story of the Star of Free Willy (HD) premiered at the Eqyptian Theater in Hollywood during the 20th Anniversary Celebration Benefit for the Free Willy Keiko Foundation. The World Premiere of the film included a Blue Carpet Ceremony with the stars and director of both Free Willy and the documentary.
Awards[edit]
CINE - Golden Eagle Award (Fall 2010)[4]
References[edit]
1.Jump up ^ "Film Schedule". Southern Utah International Documentary Film Festival. Retrieved March 29, 2012.
2.Jump up ^ "Progmram 2011". San Francisco Ocean Film Festival. Retrieved March 29, 2012.
3.Jump up ^ "Films: Keiko The Untold Story". Denver Film Festival. Retrieved March 29, 2012.
4.Jump up ^ "Fall 2010 CINE Golden Eagle Award Recipients". CINE. Retrieved March 29, 2012.
External links[edit]
Official website
Keiko: The Untold Story at AllMovie



Stub icon This article about a nature documentary film is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.




 


Categories: 2010 films
2010s documentary films
Documentary films about nature
English-language films
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Blackfish (film)
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Jump to: navigation, search


Blackfish
Black-and-white picture of an orca (killer whale) with the title Blackfish and credits underneath
Theatrical release poster

Directed by
Gabriela Cowperthwaite
Produced by
Manuel V. Oteyza
 Gabriela Cowperthwaite
Written by
Gabriela Cowperthwaite
 Eli Despres
 Tim Zimmermann
Music by
Jeff Beal
Cinematography
Jonathan Ingalls
 Christopher Towey
Edited by
Eli Despres
Production
   company
CNN Films
 Manny O. Productions
Distributed by
Magnolia Pictures
Release date(s)
January 19, 2013 (Sundance)
July 19, 2013 (United States)

Running time
83 minutes
Country
United States
Language
English
Box office
$2,073,582
Blackfish is a 2013 documentary directed by Gabriela Cowperthwaite. The film premiered at the 2013 Sundance Film Festival on January 19, 2013, and was picked up by Magnolia Pictures and CNN Films for wider release.
Blackfish focuses on Tilikum, an orca held by SeaWorld, and the controversy over captive killer whales.


Contents  [hide]
1 Synopsis
2 Development
3 Reception 3.1 Critical reception
3.2 Box office
3.3 Response from trainers
3.4 Response from SeaWorld
4 Impact
5 Home media
6 See also
7 References
8 External links

Synopsis[edit]
The documentary[1] focuses on the captivity of Tilikum, an orca involved in the deaths of three individuals, and the consequences of keeping orcas in captivity. The coverage of Tilikum includes his capture in 1983 off the coast of Iceland, purported harassment by fellow captive orcas at Sealand of the Pacific, incidents that Cowperthwaite argues contributed to the orca's aggression and includes testimonial from Lori Marino, Director of Science with Nonhuman Rights Project. Cowperthwaite also focuses on SeaWorld's claims that lifespans of orcas in captivity are comparable to those in the wild,[2] typically 30 years for males and 50 years for females,[3] a claim the film argues is false.[4] Interview subjects also include former SeaWorld trainers, such as John Hargrove.
Development[edit]
Cowperthwaite began work on the film after the 2010 death of Tilikum's trainer Dawn Brancheau and in response to the claim that the orca had targeted the trainer because she had worn her hair in a ponytail.[5] Cowperthwaite argued that this claim had been conjecture and that "there had to be more to this story".[5]
The film premiered at the 2013 Sundance Film Festival on January 19, 2013, and was picked up by Magnolia Pictures and CNN Films for wider release.[4]
Reception[edit]
Critical reception[edit]
The review-aggregation website Rotten Tomatoes said 98% of 94 critics gave the film a positive review, with the site's consensus stating, "Blackfish is an aggressive, impassioned documentary that will change the way you look at performance killer whales."[6] The Deseret News called it "a gripping example of documentary filmmaking at its finest".[7] At Metacritic, which assigns a weighted average score out of 100 reviews from mainstream critics, the film received an average score of 83 based on 33 reviews.[8]
Box office[edit]
In release for 14 weeks, the film earned $2,073,582 at the North American domestic box office.[9]
Response from trainers[edit]
After the film's release, former SeaWorld trainer Bridgette Pirtle said the final film was "a complete ‘180’ from what was originally presented to me."[10] Mark Simmons, one of Tilikum's first trainers, believed few of his interview comments were used "[b]ecause the things I said flew in the face of the movie’s clear agenda. What I contributed did not support Gabriela or Tim Zimmerman’s intent with the film."[11]
In January 2014, the family of the late trainer Dawn Brancheau said neither it nor the foundation named after her were affiliated with the film, and that they did not believe it accurately reflected Brancheau or her experiences.[12]
Response from SeaWorld[edit]
SeaWorld Entertainment refused to take part in the production of Blackfish, and later claimed the film was inaccurate,[13] saying in a statement:

Blackfish ... is inaccurate and misleading and, regrettably, exploits a tragedy .... [T]he film paints a distorted picture that withholds ...key facts about SeaWorld—among them...that SeaWorld rescues, rehabilitates and returns to the wild hundreds of wild animals every year, and that SeaWorld commits millions of dollars annually to conservation and scientific research.[14]
SeaWorld responded further with an open letter rebutting the claims.[2] The Oceanic Preservation Society and The Orca Project, a non-profit focusing on orca in captivity, responded with open letters criticizing SeaWorld's claims.[15][16] Marine researcher Debbie Giles also offered rebuttals to SeaWorld, finding its assertions inaccurate.[17]
SeaWorld also created a section of its website titled "Truth About Blackfish," addressing the claims stated above and highlighting what it considered other problems with the film:[18][19]
On February 27, 2014, SeaWorld filed a complaint with the U.S. Department of Labor, claiming the Occupational Safety and Health Administration investigator who investigated Brancheau's death had behaved unethically by aiding the filmmakers. Cowperthwaite denied claims of improper collaboration.[20]
In March 2014, Cowperthwaite rebutted a number of claims on SeaWorld's website and challenged SeaWorld officials to a public debate.[21]
Impact[edit]
 The ending to the upcoming animated film Finding Dory was revised after Pixar's John Lasseter and Andrew Stanton saw the film and spoke with director Gabriela Cowperthwaite. The depiction of a marine park in the film was altered.[22]
Reaction to the documentary prompted the bands and singers Heart, Barenaked Ladies, Willie Nelson, Martina McBride, .38 Special, Cheap Trick, REO Speedwagon, Pat Benatar, The Beach Boys, Trace Adkins and Trisha Yearwood to cancel their concerts at the "Bands, Brew & BBQ" event at SeaWorld Orlando and Busch Gardens Tampa in 2014.[23][24][25][26]
SeaWorld announced afterward it had suffered a $15.9 million loss, which CEO James Atchison attributed in part to high ticket prices and poor weather.[27]
Overall attendance at SeaWorld parks and Busch Gardens declined by 5% in the first nine months of 2013, though it was unclear if the drop in attendance was due to the influence of the film.[20] SeaWorld claimed attendance figures for its three marine parks — Orlando, San Diego and San Antonio — in the last three months of 2013 were at record levels for that quarter.[28]
In response to the film, New York State Senator Greg Ball proposed legislation in New York that ban keeping orcas in captivity.[29] In March 2014, California State Assemblyman Richard Bloom introduced the Orca Welfare and Safety Act, a bill in California that would ban entertainment-driven killer whale captivity and retire all current whales.[30]
Home media[edit]
Blackfish was released on DVD and Blu-ray Disc on August 26, 2013 in the UK (Region 2, PAL).[citation needed] Its US release was on November 12, 2013.[citation needed]
The documentary was broadcast on CNN on October 24, 2013.[22] After the broadcast, CNN aired an Anderson Cooper special with Jack Hanna, Gabriela Cowperthwaite, Naomi Rose and Jack Hurley. This was followed by a special edition of Crossfire with Blackfish associate producer Tim Zimmermann debating Grey Stafford, a conservationist, zoologist, and member of the International Marine Animal Trainers Association.
The documentary aired on BBC Four in the UK on November 21, 2013 as part of the Storyville documentary series.[31]
See also[edit]
Killer whale attacks on humans
Non-human animal personhood
Nonhuman Rights Project
References[edit]
1.Jump up ^ French, Philip (July 27, 2013). "Blackfish – review". The Observer (UK). Retrieved March 9, 2014.
2.^ Jump up to: a b "SeaWorld: The Truth Is in Our Parks and People. An Open Letter from SeaWorld’s Animal Advocates". SeaWorld. Undated. Archived from the original on December 27, 2013. Retrieved December 26, 2013.
3.Jump up ^ "Killer Whale (Orcinus orca)". National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Office of Protected Fisheries. Archived from the original on February 10, 2014. Retrieved December 26, 2013.
4.^ Jump up to: a b Kaufman, Amy (January 25, 2013). "'Blackfish' has SeaWorld in hot water". Los Angeles Times. Retrieved February 13, 2013.
5.^ Jump up to: a b Kohn, Eric (January 26, 2013). "Sundance Interview: 'Blackfish' Director Gabriela Cowperthwaite Discusses Suffering Orcas, Trainer Death, and Why SeaWorld Hasn't Seen the Movie". IndieWire. Archived from the original on October 29, 2013. Retrieved February 13, 2013.
6.Jump up ^ "Blackfish". Rotten Tomatoes. Retrieved November 23, 2013.
7.Jump up ^ Peterson, Jeff (January 24, 2013). "Sundance review: 'Blackfish' is an alarming film". Deseret News. Retrieved February 13, 2013.
8.Jump up ^ Blackfish at Metacritic
9.Jump up ^ "Blackfish (2013)". Box Office Mojo. October 24, 2013. Retrieved November 23, 2013.
10.Jump up ^ Davis, Eric (January 9, 2014). "Blackfish Exposed by Former SeaWorld Trainer". MiceChat.com. Retrieved January 13, 2014.
11.Jump up ^ Davis, Eric (January 13, 2014). "More Blackfish Backlash – Tilikum’s Trainer Dives In". MiceChat.com. Retrieved January 13, 2014.
12.Jump up ^ Garcia, Jason (January 21, 2014). "Family of Dawn Brancheau chastises 'Blackfish'". Orlando Sentinel. Retrieved January 23, 2014.
13.Jump up ^ Pat Saperstein (July 18, 2013). "SeaWorld: Killer Whale Doc ‘Blackfish’ Is ‘Inaccurate’". Variety. Retrieved November 30, 2013.
14.Jump up ^ "SeaWorld responds to questions about captive orcas, 'Blackfish' film". CNN. October 21, 2013. Retrieved October 23, 2013.
15.Jump up ^ "Marine Mammal Captivity: The Truth Is in the Facts An Open Letter from the Informed American Public". Oceanic Preservation Society. Retrieved January 13, 2014.
16.Jump up ^ Costanzo, Amy. "An Open Letter BACK to SeaWorld". The Orca Project. Retrieved January 13, 2014.
17.Jump up ^ "SeaWorld Is So Pissed Over the Blackfish Documentary". Gawker.com. Retrieved January 13, 2014.
18.Jump up ^ Parker, Kolten (February 17, 2014). "SeaWorld posts videos in response to 'Blackfish' documentary". San Antonio Express-News. Retrieved February 19, 2014.
19.Jump up ^ SeaWorld.com "Truth About Blackfish". SeaWorld. Undated. Retrieved 2014-04-08.
20.^ Jump up to: a b Cieply, Michael (February 27, 2014). "SeaWorld Questions Ethics of ‘Blackfish’ Investigator". The New York Times. Retrieved March 7, 2014.
21.Jump up ^ "Blackfish Director Challenges SeaWorld to Debate". EcoWatch. Retrieved March 7, 2014.
22.^ Jump up to: a b Kaufman, Amy (August 9, 2013). "'Blackfish' gives Pixar second thoughts on 'Finding Dory' plot". Los Angeles Times. Retrieved August 9, 2013.
23.Jump up ^ Ahmed, Saeed (December 9, 2013). "Heart cancels SeaWorld show amid 'Blackfish' controversy". CNN. Retrieved December 27, 2013.
24.Jump up ^ Duke, Alan (December 16, 2013). "Martina McBride, 38 Special, cancel SeaWorld gig over 'Blackfish' backlash". CNN. Retrieved December 27, 2013.
25.Jump up ^ "Beach Boys, Benatar Cancel at Busch Gardens". The New York Times. Associated Press. January 16, 2014. Retrieved January 20, 2014.
26.Jump up ^ Gibson, Megan (December 11, 2013). "The Documentary Blackfish Is Still Creating Waves at SeaWorld". Time.
27.Jump up ^ Stock, Kyle (August 29, 2013). "SeaWorld's Slump Raises a Question: Is Shamu Too Sad, or Too Expensive?". Bloomberg Businessweek. Archived from the original on October 5, 2013.
28.Jump up ^ Garcia, Jason (January 13, 2014). "Amid 'Blackfish' controversy, SeaWorld sets attendance record". Orlando Sentinel. Archived from the original on April 2, 2004. Retrieved 2014-04-08.
29.Jump up ^ "Sign The Petition To End The Torture". Nysenate.gov. Archived from the original on March 7, 2014. Retrieved March 7, 2014.
30.Jump up ^ Michael, Martinez (December 16, 2013). "California bill would ban orca shows at SeaWorld". CNN. Archived from the original on March 9, 2014. Retrieved March 7, 2014.
31.Jump up ^ "Storyville: Blackfish - The Whale That Killed". BBC. November 21, 2013. Archived from the original on January 29, 2014. Retrieved November 22, 2013. "The story of a killer whale who has taken the lives of several people while in captivity"
External links[edit]
Official website
Blackfish at the Internet Movie Database
SeaWorld's Truth About Blackfish site


[hide]
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CNN Films


Escape Fire: The Fight to Rescue American Healthcare (2012) ·
 Girl Rising (2013) ·
 Blackfish (2013) ·
 Our Nixon (2013) ·
 Life Itself (2014)
 

 


Categories: 2013 films
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