Tuesday, October 28, 2014
Wikipedia articles on films, plays and monuments dealing with the Nazi-based persecution of homosexuals during the Holocaust
Sex brennt (exhibition)
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Sex brennt (German: Sex burns) was an exhibition on Magnus Hirschfeld’s Institute for Sexual Research and the Burning of the Books held from May 6, 2008 to September 14, 2008[1] at the Medical History Museum of the Charité University Medical Center in Berlin.[2]
Initiated by the Magnus Hirschfeld Society,[3] the exhibition commemorated the work of German physician and sexologist Magnus Hirschfeld and opened 75 years after the raid on Hirschfeld’s Institut für Sexualwissenschaft in May 1933.[4] Inaugural addresses were delivered by Klaus Wowereit,[5] Governing Mayor of Berlin, and Walter Momper, President of the Abgeordnetenhaus of Berlin and former Governing Mayor.[6]
Curated by Rainer Herrn,[7] and designed by Eran Schaerf and Christian Gänshirt,[8] the exhibition showed historic material as well as artwork by contemporary artists created for the occasion.[9] Involved were American composer and visual artist Arnold Dreyblatt, visual artists Pauline Boudry und Renate Lorenz, Danish artist Henrik Olesen, German filmmaker and documentarian photographer Ulrike Ottinger, visual artist Eran Schaerf and writer Eva Meyer.
External links[edit]
See some photographs at liveprojectsnetwork.org : [1]
See more photographs at www.achimklapp.de : [2]
References[edit]
1.Jump up ^ Franziska Scheven: Two new tributes unveiled in Germany to gay-rights activist persecuted by Nazis, at: http://www.edgeboston.com/index.php?ch=news&sc=&sc3=&id=74099
2.Jump up ^ Sabine Rohlf: Sex Burns. Magnus Hirschfeld’s Institute for Sexual Research and the Burning of the Books, at http://www.springerin.at/dyn/heft_text.php?textid=2107&lang=en
3.Jump up ^ Magnus-Hirschfeld-Gesellschaft e.V. in Berlin at: http://www.hirschfeld.in-berlin.de/index.html , retrieved Feb. 7, 2014
4.Jump up ^ Christine Lemke: Gedächtnisspiegelung [Mirroring Memory], at: http://www.textezurkunst.de/71/gedachtnisspiegelung/
5.Jump up ^ Jan Feddersen: Kleine, späte Geste für einen großen Mann, in taz.die tageszeitung, May 6, 2008, online at: http://www.taz.de/1/archiv/print-archiv/printressorts/digi-artikel/?ressort=bl&dig=2008/05/06/a0167&cHash=b0115a9841 , retrieved Feb. 7, 2014
6.Jump up ^ Address by Walter Momper (in German), online at; http://www.parlament-berlin.de/pari/web/wdefault.nsf/vHTML/C12_6-00254?OpenDocument , retrieved Feb. 3, 2014
7.Jump up ^ See Herrn's short CV at: http://www.ucalgary.ca/hpsstm/files/hpsstm/CV-Dr-Rainer-Herrn-Jan-10-2010[2].PDF
8.Jump up ^ Christine Lemke: Gedächtnisspiegelung [Mirroring Memory], at: http://www.textezurkunst.de/71/gedachtnisspiegelung/
9.Jump up ^ See for example: Eva Meyer and Eran Schaerf: Mein Gedächtnis beobachtet mich [My memory is observing me], (Video in German), 2008 at: https://catalyst.library.jhu.edu/catalog/bib_2867185
Categories: Magnus Hirschfeld
Art exhibitions in Germany
LGBT history in Germany
Persecution of homosexuals in Nazi Germany and the Holocaust
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http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sex_brennt_(exhibition)
Sex brennt (exhibition)
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to: navigation, search
Sex brennt (German: Sex burns) was an exhibition on Magnus Hirschfeld’s Institute for Sexual Research and the Burning of the Books held from May 6, 2008 to September 14, 2008[1] at the Medical History Museum of the Charité University Medical Center in Berlin.[2]
Initiated by the Magnus Hirschfeld Society,[3] the exhibition commemorated the work of German physician and sexologist Magnus Hirschfeld and opened 75 years after the raid on Hirschfeld’s Institut für Sexualwissenschaft in May 1933.[4] Inaugural addresses were delivered by Klaus Wowereit,[5] Governing Mayor of Berlin, and Walter Momper, President of the Abgeordnetenhaus of Berlin and former Governing Mayor.[6]
Curated by Rainer Herrn,[7] and designed by Eran Schaerf and Christian Gänshirt,[8] the exhibition showed historic material as well as artwork by contemporary artists created for the occasion.[9] Involved were American composer and visual artist Arnold Dreyblatt, visual artists Pauline Boudry und Renate Lorenz, Danish artist Henrik Olesen, German filmmaker and documentarian photographer Ulrike Ottinger, visual artist Eran Schaerf and writer Eva Meyer.
External links[edit]
See some photographs at liveprojectsnetwork.org : [1]
See more photographs at www.achimklapp.de : [2]
References[edit]
1.Jump up ^ Franziska Scheven: Two new tributes unveiled in Germany to gay-rights activist persecuted by Nazis, at: http://www.edgeboston.com/index.php?ch=news&sc=&sc3=&id=74099
2.Jump up ^ Sabine Rohlf: Sex Burns. Magnus Hirschfeld’s Institute for Sexual Research and the Burning of the Books, at http://www.springerin.at/dyn/heft_text.php?textid=2107&lang=en
3.Jump up ^ Magnus-Hirschfeld-Gesellschaft e.V. in Berlin at: http://www.hirschfeld.in-berlin.de/index.html , retrieved Feb. 7, 2014
4.Jump up ^ Christine Lemke: Gedächtnisspiegelung [Mirroring Memory], at: http://www.textezurkunst.de/71/gedachtnisspiegelung/
5.Jump up ^ Jan Feddersen: Kleine, späte Geste für einen großen Mann, in taz.die tageszeitung, May 6, 2008, online at: http://www.taz.de/1/archiv/print-archiv/printressorts/digi-artikel/?ressort=bl&dig=2008/05/06/a0167&cHash=b0115a9841 , retrieved Feb. 7, 2014
6.Jump up ^ Address by Walter Momper (in German), online at; http://www.parlament-berlin.de/pari/web/wdefault.nsf/vHTML/C12_6-00254?OpenDocument , retrieved Feb. 3, 2014
7.Jump up ^ See Herrn's short CV at: http://www.ucalgary.ca/hpsstm/files/hpsstm/CV-Dr-Rainer-Herrn-Jan-10-2010[2].PDF
8.Jump up ^ Christine Lemke: Gedächtnisspiegelung [Mirroring Memory], at: http://www.textezurkunst.de/71/gedachtnisspiegelung/
9.Jump up ^ See for example: Eva Meyer and Eran Schaerf: Mein Gedächtnis beobachtet mich [My memory is observing me], (Video in German), 2008 at: https://catalyst.library.jhu.edu/catalog/bib_2867185
Categories: Magnus Hirschfeld
Art exhibitions in Germany
LGBT history in Germany
Persecution of homosexuals in Nazi Germany and the Holocaust
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This page was last modified on 19 October 2014 at 01:24.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License; additional terms may apply. By using this site, you agree to the Terms of Use and Privacy Policy. Wikipedia® is a registered trademark of the Wikimedia Foundation, Inc., a non-profit organization.
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http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sex_brennt_(exhibition)
Institut für Sexualwissenschaft
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to: navigation, search
The Institut für Sexualwissenschaft was an early private sexology research institute in Germany from 1919 to 1933. The name is variously translated as Institute of Sex Research, Institute of Sexology, Institute for Sexology or Institute for the Science of Sexuality. The Nazi book burnings in Berlin included the archives of the Institute.
The Institute was a non-profit foundation situated in Berlin's Tiergarten. It was headed by Magnus Hirschfeld. Since 1897 he had run the Wissenschaftlich-humanitäres Komitee ("Scientific-Humanitarian Committee"), which campaigned on conservative and rational grounds for gay rights and tolerance. The Committee published the long-running journal Jahrbuch fur sexuelle Zwischenstufen. Hirschfeld was also a researcher; he collected questionnaires from 10,000 people, informing his book Die Homosexualität des Mannes und des Weibes ("The Homosexuality of Man and Woman", 1914). He built a unique library on same-sex love and eroticism.[1]
After the Nazis gained control of Germany in the 1930s, the institute and its libraries were destroyed as part of a Nazi government censorship program.
Hedwig W. (left) was a transgender friend of Magnus Hirshfeld, and lived for two years in Berlin under the name Herbert. This photo is from Hirschfeld's Sexual Intermediates (1922).
Contents [hide]
1 Origins and purpose
2 Transgender pioneers
3 Nazi era
4 After World War II
5 Later developments
6 See also
7 References
8 Further reading
9 Documentaries
10 External links
Origins and purpose[edit]
The Institute of Sex Research was opened in 1919 by Hirschfeld and his collaborator Arthur Kronfeld,[2] a once famous psychotherapist and later professor at the Charité. As well as being a research library and housing a large archive, the Institute also included medical, psychological, and ethnological divisions, and a marriage and sex counseling office. The Institute was visited by around 20,000 people each year, and conducted around 1,800 consultations. Poorer visitors were treated for free. In addition, the institute advocated sex education, contraception, the treatment of sexually transmitted diseases, and women's emancipation, and was a pioneer worldwide in the call for civil rights and social acceptance for homosexual and transgender people.
In 1929 Hirschfeld presided over the third international congress of the World League for Sexual Reform at Wigmore Hall.[3]
Transgender pioneers[edit]
Magnus Hirschfeld coined the term transsexualism,[4] identifying the clinical category which his colleague Harry Benjamin would later develop in the United States. Transgender people were on the staff of the Institute, as well as being among the clients there. Various endocrinologic and surgical services were offered, including the first modern "sex-change" operations in the 1930s. Hirschfeld also worked with Berlin's police department to curtail the arrest of cross-dressed individuals on suspicion of prostitution.
Nazi era[edit]
This section needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. (May 2013)
Students of the Deutsche Studentenschaft, organized by the Nazi party, parade in front of the Institute for Sexual Research in Berlin on May 6, 1933. They later attacked it, looting the archives, and setting afire much of the material.
On May 10, 1933, Nazis in Berlin burned works of Jewish authors, and the library of the Institut für Sexualwissenschaft, and other works considered "un-German".
In late February 1933, as the moderating influence of Ernst Röhm weakened, the Nazi Party launched its purge of homosexual (gay, lesbian, and bisexual; then known as "homophile") clubs in Berlin, outlawed sex publications, and banned organised gay groups. As a consequence, many fled Germany (including, for instance, Erika Mann). In March 1933 the Institute's main administrator, Kurt Hiller, was sent to a concentration camp.
On 6 May 1933, while Hirschfeld was on a lecture-tour of the U.S., the Deutsche Studentenschaft made an organised attack on the Institute of Sex Research. A few days later, the Institute's library and archives were publicly hauled out and burned in the streets of the Opernplatz. Around 20,000 books and journals, and 5,000 images, were destroyed. Also seized were the Institute's extensive lists of names and addresses. In the midst of the burning, Joseph Goebbels gave a political speech to a crowd of around 40,000 people. The leaders of the Deutsche Studentenschaft also proclaimed their own Feuersprüche, "fire decrees (against the un-German spirit)." Books by Jewish writers, and pacifists such as Erich Maria Remarque, were removed from local public libraries and the Humboldt University, and were burned.
There were many other small book-burnings organised around Germany on the same night, including at Munich's Konigplatz. By 22 May, book-burnings had occurred in Heidelberg, Frankfurt, Göttingen, Cologne, Hamburg, Dortmund, Halle, Nuremberg, Würzburg, Hannover, Münster, Königsberg, Koblenz, and Salzburg. The Gestapo was also confiscating public and private libraries to be destroyed in paper mills.[5]
The buildings were later taken over by the Nazis for their own purposes. They were a bombed-out ruin by 1944, and were demolished sometime in the mid-1950s. Hirschfeld tried, in vain, to re-establish his Institute in Paris, but he died in France in 1935.
While many fled into exile, the radical activist Adolf Brand made a brave stand in Germany for five months after the book burnings. Finally the persecution became too much, and in November 1933 he was forced to announce the formal end of the organised homosexual emancipation movement in Germany. On June 28, 1934 Hitler conducted a murderous purge of gay men in the ranks of the S.A. wing of the Nazis, and this was followed by stricter laws on homosexuality and the round-up of homosexuals. The address lists seized from the Institute are believed to have aided Hitler in these actions. Many tens of thousands of arrestees found themselves, ultimately, in slave-labour or death camps.
Among the books burned at Bebelplatz was Heinrich Heine's Almansor, in which he suggests, "Where they burn books, they will ultimately also burn people."
After World War II[edit]
The charter of the institute had specified that in the event of dissolution, any assets of the Dr. Magnus Hirschfeld Foundation (which had sponsored the Institute since 1924) were to be donated to the Humboldt University of Berlin. Hirschfeld also wrote a personal will while in exile in Paris, leaving any remaining assets to his students and heirs Karl Giese and Li Shiu Tong (Tao Li) for the continuation of his work. However, neither stipulation was carried out. The West German courts found that the foundation's dissolution and the seizure of property by the Nazis in 1934 was legal. The West German legislature also retained the Nazi amendments to anti-homosexual law §175a, making it impossible for surviving homosexuals to claim restitution for the destroyed cultural center.[6]
Karl Giese committed suicide in 1938 when the Germans invaded Czechoslovakia and his heir, lawyer Karl Fein, was murdered in 1942 during deportation. Li Shiu Tong lived in Switzerland and the United States until 1956, but as far as is known, he did not attempt to continue Hirschfeld's work. Some remaining fragments of data from the library were later collected by W. Dorr Legg and ONE, Inc. in the U.S. in the 1950s.
Later developments[edit]
Memorial to Magnus Hirschfeld and his Institute for Sex Research, Berlin Tiergarten, 2005
In 1973 a new Institut für Sexualwissenschaft was opened at the University of Frankfurt am Main (director: Volkmar Sigusch), and 1996 at the Humboldt University of Berlin.
The exhibition Sex brennt (German: Sex burns), held from May 6, 2008 to September 14, 2008[7] at the Medical History Museum of the Charité University Medical Center in Berlin,[8] commemorated the work of Magnus Hirschfeld and opened 75 years after the raid on Hirschfeld’s Institut für Sexualwissenschaft in May 1933.[9]
See also[edit]
History of gays in Nazi Germany and the Holocaust
References[edit]
1.Jump up ^ Harry Oosterhuis. (Ed.) Homosexuality and Male Bonding in Pre-Nazi Germany: The Youth Movement, the Gay Movement, and Male Bonding Before Hitler's Rise: Original Transcripts from Der Eigene, the First Gay Journal in the World. (1991).
2.Jump up ^ In Memory of Arthur Kronfeld () - see also here or the entry about Arthur Kronfeld in the german Wikipedia.
3.Jump up ^ The Times, League For Sexual Reform International Congress Opened, 9 September 1929;
4.Jump up ^ Ekins R., King D. (2001) Pioneers of Transgendering: The Popular Sexology of David O. Cauldwell. IJT 5,2 (text online)
5.Jump up ^ Leonidas Hill (2001). "The Nazi Attack on 'Un-German' Literature, 1933-1945" IN: The Holocaust and the Book: Destruction and Preservation.
6.Jump up ^ James D. Steakley. The Early Homosexual Emancipation Movement in Germany. (1975).
7.Jump up ^ Franziska Scheven: Two new tributes unveiled in Germany to gay-rights activist persecuted by Nazis, at: http://www.edgeboston.com/index.php?ch=news&sc=&sc3=&id=74099
8.Jump up ^ Sabine Rohlf: Sex Burns. Magnus Hirschfeld’s Institute for Sexual Research and the Burning of the Books, at http://www.springerin.at/dyn/heft_text.php?textid=2107&lang=en
9.Jump up ^ Christine Lemke: Gedächtnisspiegelung, at: http://www.textezurkunst.de/71/gedachtnisspiegelung/
Further reading[edit]
John Lauritsen and David Thorstad. The Early Homosexual Rights Movement, 1864-1935. (Second Edition revised)
Günter Grau (ed.). Hidden Holocaust? Gay and lesbian persecution in Germany 1933-45. (1995).
Charlotte Wolff. Magnus Hirschfeld: A Portrait of a Pioneer in Sexology. (1986).
James D. Steakley. "Anniversary of a Book Burning". The Advocate (Los Angeles), 9 June 1983. Pages 18–19, 57.
Mark Blasius & Shane Phelan. (Eds.) We Are Everywhere: A Historical Source Book of Gay and Lesbian Politics (See the chapter: "The Emergence of a Gay and Lesbian Political Culture in Germany" by James D. Steakley).
Documentaries[edit]
Rosa von Praunheim (Dir.) The Einstein of Sex (Germany, 2001). (About Magnus Hirschfeld - English subtitled version available).
External links[edit]
[1] "Institute for Sexual Science (1919-1933)" Online exhibition of the Magnus Hirschfeld Society - warning, complex JavaScript and pop-up windows.
Documentation in the Archive for Sexology, Berlin
Photo, likely to be taken during the burning of the Institute's archives and library
When Books Burn - University of Arizona multimedia exhibit.
Categories: LGBT history in Germany
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This page was last modified on 25 March 2014 at 17:31.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License; additional terms may apply. By using this site, you agree to the Terms of Use and Privacy Policy. Wikipedia® is a registered trademark of the Wikimedia Foundation, Inc., a non-profit organization.
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http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Institut_f%C3%BCr_Sexualwissenschaft
Institut für Sexualwissenschaft
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to: navigation, search
The Institut für Sexualwissenschaft was an early private sexology research institute in Germany from 1919 to 1933. The name is variously translated as Institute of Sex Research, Institute of Sexology, Institute for Sexology or Institute for the Science of Sexuality. The Nazi book burnings in Berlin included the archives of the Institute.
The Institute was a non-profit foundation situated in Berlin's Tiergarten. It was headed by Magnus Hirschfeld. Since 1897 he had run the Wissenschaftlich-humanitäres Komitee ("Scientific-Humanitarian Committee"), which campaigned on conservative and rational grounds for gay rights and tolerance. The Committee published the long-running journal Jahrbuch fur sexuelle Zwischenstufen. Hirschfeld was also a researcher; he collected questionnaires from 10,000 people, informing his book Die Homosexualität des Mannes und des Weibes ("The Homosexuality of Man and Woman", 1914). He built a unique library on same-sex love and eroticism.[1]
After the Nazis gained control of Germany in the 1930s, the institute and its libraries were destroyed as part of a Nazi government censorship program.
Hedwig W. (left) was a transgender friend of Magnus Hirshfeld, and lived for two years in Berlin under the name Herbert. This photo is from Hirschfeld's Sexual Intermediates (1922).
Contents [hide]
1 Origins and purpose
2 Transgender pioneers
3 Nazi era
4 After World War II
5 Later developments
6 See also
7 References
8 Further reading
9 Documentaries
10 External links
Origins and purpose[edit]
The Institute of Sex Research was opened in 1919 by Hirschfeld and his collaborator Arthur Kronfeld,[2] a once famous psychotherapist and later professor at the Charité. As well as being a research library and housing a large archive, the Institute also included medical, psychological, and ethnological divisions, and a marriage and sex counseling office. The Institute was visited by around 20,000 people each year, and conducted around 1,800 consultations. Poorer visitors were treated for free. In addition, the institute advocated sex education, contraception, the treatment of sexually transmitted diseases, and women's emancipation, and was a pioneer worldwide in the call for civil rights and social acceptance for homosexual and transgender people.
In 1929 Hirschfeld presided over the third international congress of the World League for Sexual Reform at Wigmore Hall.[3]
Transgender pioneers[edit]
Magnus Hirschfeld coined the term transsexualism,[4] identifying the clinical category which his colleague Harry Benjamin would later develop in the United States. Transgender people were on the staff of the Institute, as well as being among the clients there. Various endocrinologic and surgical services were offered, including the first modern "sex-change" operations in the 1930s. Hirschfeld also worked with Berlin's police department to curtail the arrest of cross-dressed individuals on suspicion of prostitution.
Nazi era[edit]
This section needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. (May 2013)
Students of the Deutsche Studentenschaft, organized by the Nazi party, parade in front of the Institute for Sexual Research in Berlin on May 6, 1933. They later attacked it, looting the archives, and setting afire much of the material.
On May 10, 1933, Nazis in Berlin burned works of Jewish authors, and the library of the Institut für Sexualwissenschaft, and other works considered "un-German".
In late February 1933, as the moderating influence of Ernst Röhm weakened, the Nazi Party launched its purge of homosexual (gay, lesbian, and bisexual; then known as "homophile") clubs in Berlin, outlawed sex publications, and banned organised gay groups. As a consequence, many fled Germany (including, for instance, Erika Mann). In March 1933 the Institute's main administrator, Kurt Hiller, was sent to a concentration camp.
On 6 May 1933, while Hirschfeld was on a lecture-tour of the U.S., the Deutsche Studentenschaft made an organised attack on the Institute of Sex Research. A few days later, the Institute's library and archives were publicly hauled out and burned in the streets of the Opernplatz. Around 20,000 books and journals, and 5,000 images, were destroyed. Also seized were the Institute's extensive lists of names and addresses. In the midst of the burning, Joseph Goebbels gave a political speech to a crowd of around 40,000 people. The leaders of the Deutsche Studentenschaft also proclaimed their own Feuersprüche, "fire decrees (against the un-German spirit)." Books by Jewish writers, and pacifists such as Erich Maria Remarque, were removed from local public libraries and the Humboldt University, and were burned.
There were many other small book-burnings organised around Germany on the same night, including at Munich's Konigplatz. By 22 May, book-burnings had occurred in Heidelberg, Frankfurt, Göttingen, Cologne, Hamburg, Dortmund, Halle, Nuremberg, Würzburg, Hannover, Münster, Königsberg, Koblenz, and Salzburg. The Gestapo was also confiscating public and private libraries to be destroyed in paper mills.[5]
The buildings were later taken over by the Nazis for their own purposes. They were a bombed-out ruin by 1944, and were demolished sometime in the mid-1950s. Hirschfeld tried, in vain, to re-establish his Institute in Paris, but he died in France in 1935.
While many fled into exile, the radical activist Adolf Brand made a brave stand in Germany for five months after the book burnings. Finally the persecution became too much, and in November 1933 he was forced to announce the formal end of the organised homosexual emancipation movement in Germany. On June 28, 1934 Hitler conducted a murderous purge of gay men in the ranks of the S.A. wing of the Nazis, and this was followed by stricter laws on homosexuality and the round-up of homosexuals. The address lists seized from the Institute are believed to have aided Hitler in these actions. Many tens of thousands of arrestees found themselves, ultimately, in slave-labour or death camps.
Among the books burned at Bebelplatz was Heinrich Heine's Almansor, in which he suggests, "Where they burn books, they will ultimately also burn people."
After World War II[edit]
The charter of the institute had specified that in the event of dissolution, any assets of the Dr. Magnus Hirschfeld Foundation (which had sponsored the Institute since 1924) were to be donated to the Humboldt University of Berlin. Hirschfeld also wrote a personal will while in exile in Paris, leaving any remaining assets to his students and heirs Karl Giese and Li Shiu Tong (Tao Li) for the continuation of his work. However, neither stipulation was carried out. The West German courts found that the foundation's dissolution and the seizure of property by the Nazis in 1934 was legal. The West German legislature also retained the Nazi amendments to anti-homosexual law §175a, making it impossible for surviving homosexuals to claim restitution for the destroyed cultural center.[6]
Karl Giese committed suicide in 1938 when the Germans invaded Czechoslovakia and his heir, lawyer Karl Fein, was murdered in 1942 during deportation. Li Shiu Tong lived in Switzerland and the United States until 1956, but as far as is known, he did not attempt to continue Hirschfeld's work. Some remaining fragments of data from the library were later collected by W. Dorr Legg and ONE, Inc. in the U.S. in the 1950s.
Later developments[edit]
Memorial to Magnus Hirschfeld and his Institute for Sex Research, Berlin Tiergarten, 2005
In 1973 a new Institut für Sexualwissenschaft was opened at the University of Frankfurt am Main (director: Volkmar Sigusch), and 1996 at the Humboldt University of Berlin.
The exhibition Sex brennt (German: Sex burns), held from May 6, 2008 to September 14, 2008[7] at the Medical History Museum of the Charité University Medical Center in Berlin,[8] commemorated the work of Magnus Hirschfeld and opened 75 years after the raid on Hirschfeld’s Institut für Sexualwissenschaft in May 1933.[9]
See also[edit]
History of gays in Nazi Germany and the Holocaust
References[edit]
1.Jump up ^ Harry Oosterhuis. (Ed.) Homosexuality and Male Bonding in Pre-Nazi Germany: The Youth Movement, the Gay Movement, and Male Bonding Before Hitler's Rise: Original Transcripts from Der Eigene, the First Gay Journal in the World. (1991).
2.Jump up ^ In Memory of Arthur Kronfeld () - see also here or the entry about Arthur Kronfeld in the german Wikipedia.
3.Jump up ^ The Times, League For Sexual Reform International Congress Opened, 9 September 1929;
4.Jump up ^ Ekins R., King D. (2001) Pioneers of Transgendering: The Popular Sexology of David O. Cauldwell. IJT 5,2 (text online)
5.Jump up ^ Leonidas Hill (2001). "The Nazi Attack on 'Un-German' Literature, 1933-1945" IN: The Holocaust and the Book: Destruction and Preservation.
6.Jump up ^ James D. Steakley. The Early Homosexual Emancipation Movement in Germany. (1975).
7.Jump up ^ Franziska Scheven: Two new tributes unveiled in Germany to gay-rights activist persecuted by Nazis, at: http://www.edgeboston.com/index.php?ch=news&sc=&sc3=&id=74099
8.Jump up ^ Sabine Rohlf: Sex Burns. Magnus Hirschfeld’s Institute for Sexual Research and the Burning of the Books, at http://www.springerin.at/dyn/heft_text.php?textid=2107&lang=en
9.Jump up ^ Christine Lemke: Gedächtnisspiegelung, at: http://www.textezurkunst.de/71/gedachtnisspiegelung/
Further reading[edit]
John Lauritsen and David Thorstad. The Early Homosexual Rights Movement, 1864-1935. (Second Edition revised)
Günter Grau (ed.). Hidden Holocaust? Gay and lesbian persecution in Germany 1933-45. (1995).
Charlotte Wolff. Magnus Hirschfeld: A Portrait of a Pioneer in Sexology. (1986).
James D. Steakley. "Anniversary of a Book Burning". The Advocate (Los Angeles), 9 June 1983. Pages 18–19, 57.
Mark Blasius & Shane Phelan. (Eds.) We Are Everywhere: A Historical Source Book of Gay and Lesbian Politics (See the chapter: "The Emergence of a Gay and Lesbian Political Culture in Germany" by James D. Steakley).
Documentaries[edit]
Rosa von Praunheim (Dir.) The Einstein of Sex (Germany, 2001). (About Magnus Hirschfeld - English subtitled version available).
External links[edit]
[1] "Institute for Sexual Science (1919-1933)" Online exhibition of the Magnus Hirschfeld Society - warning, complex JavaScript and pop-up windows.
Documentation in the Archive for Sexology, Berlin
Photo, likely to be taken during the burning of the Institute's archives and library
When Books Burn - University of Arizona multimedia exhibit.
Categories: LGBT history in Germany
Magnus Hirschfeld
Nazi Germany
Sexology organizations
Persecution of homosexuals in Nazi Germany and the Holocaust
Organizations established in 1919
1919 establishments in Germany
Organizations disestablished in 1933
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Organisations based in Berlin
Research institutes in Germany
Non-profit organisations based in Germany
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http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Institut_f%C3%BCr_Sexualwissenschaft
Memorial to gay and lesbian victims of National Socialism
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to: navigation, search
engraving on the memorial
view onto Rhine and Hohenzollernbrücke
The memorial for the gay and lesbian victims of the National Socialism (Also known as the FEZ memorial) was inaugurated in 1995 in Cologne, a city noted as a centre of the German gay community. It takes a prominent place in the urban features of Cologne at the bank of the Rhine at the Hohenzollernbrücke. A second memorial not formed as a plaque was built by the gay community itself and was dedicated to the memory of the community in Germany in Cologne on June 24, 1995. The Frankfurt Angel Memorial, dedicated to this topic, has already existed since December 11, 1994 in Frankfurt am Main. A subsequent monument to homosexuals persecuted by National Socialism was inaugurated in Berlin on May 27, 2008. Plaques and panels were also set up in the German-speaking room in the former concentration camps Mauthausen, Neuenamme, Dachau and Sachsenhausen and in Berlin at the Nollendorfplatz (place). The Cologne memorial was given to the city of Cologne by the initiator, the Cologne public services, transport and traffic trade union as a gift. This was the first time a memorial to lesbian and gay victims of National-Socialism was set up by a German trade union.
Contents [hide]
1 Historical background
2 History of the memorial
3 Label
4 Location
5 Choice
6 Artist
7 Design
8 Uncovering
9 Current
10 See also
11 Literature
12 References
13 External links
Historical background[edit]
The memorial is intended to remind people of the persecution of homosexuals during the time of National Socialism. Although there was no systematic persecution of lesbians by National Socialism, these are mentioned particularly in the label of the memorial because the circumstances and culture of the German gay community were nonetheless affected by National Socialist ideology. Furthermore the monument is intended to remind people of the situation of the victims in the post-war Federal Republic with the label " killed - hushed up ".
History of the memorial[edit]
The study group "dykes and queers" started (former study group homosexuality) ÖTV Cologne with the initiative for the erection of the memorial in March of the year 1990. The initiator Jörg Lenk the primarily responsible contact person and the driving force stayed for this project until the list of the memorial stone. The official applicant, the Federation of German Trade Unions (DGB) circle Cologne, was supported by different organisations and parties publicly. According to a statement by the National Socialism documentation centre of the city of Cologne, the initial idea of the mayor of enlarging the panel at the Cologne fair in Köln-Deutz to the memory of the deportation of the Jews, Sinti and Roma (Gypsy) was dropped. Initial doubts about the truth of persecution of lesbians in Nazi Germany by representatives of the city of Cologne were dispelled by the National Socialism documentation centre. The city representatives initially wanted the words "gay and lesbian" replaced by "homosexual". On initiative of the parliamentary group of the party of the Greens the wording was left to the initiators. A limited group of under 25 artists was proposed by the office for cultural affairs of the city of Cologne in 1993. The "Christian democratic union" party (CDU) eventually voted for erection of the memorial. This was done without public discussion. The memorial finance came together through donations which collected 30.900,00 DM (15.798,92 €). The memorial was submitted to the public in June 1995.
Label[edit]
The label was " killed - hushed up, the gay and lesbian victims of the National Socialism, " the only specification for the design of the memorial next to the location. The words had already found use at the Berlin Nollendorfplatz (Place) " killed - hushed up " on the plaque. Study group dykes and queers shall just be pointed out to the destiny of the following for ÖTV by homosexuals under the National Socialists for the inhabitant of Cologne and on the further following in the postwar Germany and on the continuous discrimination of dykes and queers in today's Federal Republic with that. Continuous neglect of the victims until 1994, when paragraph 175, which had made sex between males a crime, was abolished. The inscription seemed "homosexual" to the study group employees as too medical. Since they describe themselves as dykes or queers, the use of these words was indisputable.
Location[edit]
As a location the one of inhabitants of Cologne and tourists became strongly frequent area of the Garden at the Rhine/franc shipyard directly (Rheingarten/Frankenwerft) at the Hohenzollern Bridge (Hohenzollernbrücke) chosen with the Museum Ludwig and the Cathedral in the background. Installation site is not chosen without a historical reference. The area at the Hohenzollernbridge was already a popular meeting place for homosexual men for a long time which offered the possibility for anonymous contacts without laying itself open to the risk of being confessed in the civil life as a queer. A urinal used since the turn of the century with gay men as a meeting place was in the second World War at the Hohenzollernbridge up to his destruction. The war-shattered stairs towers of the Hohenzollernbridge were turned into the meeting place by the queers in the postwar years.
Choice[edit]
Among the 11 submitted competition contributions an independent special jury decided unanimously in favour of the work of the Rostock sculptor Achim Zinkann which came second. No first place was awarded (?). The eleven submitted designs were presented on June 14 in an exhibition at the forum for adult education centre, Cologne until July 15, 1994.
Artist[edit]
Achim Zinkann, born 1960, built the memorial. After teaching art and history studies at the University of Siegen, Zinkann from 1991 to 1993 held a lectureship at the Siegen polytechnic in the areas of stone sculpture, steel sculpture and sculpture. Since 1993 he was lecturer and art teacher at the Käthe-Kollwitz secondary school in the Rostock-Land district. Zinkann as an artist took part in different exhibitions since 1986.
Design[edit]
The memorial consists of pink and grey granite. It has a height of 120 cm (3.93701 foot/47.24409 Inch) and an edge length of 69 cm (2.26378 foot/27.16535 Inch).
The pink triangle was a symbol, this during the time the National Socialism was used to identify male prisoners in concentration camps which had been protracted because of her homosexuality there.
The artist Achim Zinkann describes his work as follows:
Quotation: Two blocks equal in size are the starting point for this work made of granite with grey and pink colouring. These two blocks were sawed up and arranged newly about a side diagonal. The grey wedges stand with the square area on the ground, contrast with himself with then sloping saw areas diagonally and take in the middle of the notch arose the pink wedges which are two and joined together to an equilateral triangle. In the sculpture a correspondence between the wedges arises. Pressure, counterpressure and friction are prerequisites for the complete cohesion. If one of the thrashing is removed, at least a different one loses the hold. The structure is destroyed. The inner tension and the solution of the block like character is caused by the diagonal position of the grey stones.The interplay of body shade and shadows amplifies this tension just like the silhouette, we, changing. The measure relationship in the sculpture arises from the geometric conditions of the equilateral triangle and a height fixed of 120 cm. This height is available well for a man. The text is dug in and so haptically and visually experienceable in this height to the square areas of the pink wedges.
Interpretation approaches are given in a large multitude.
Two blocks, two colours, two cuts, joined together to a whole. A grey, a pink block. Parts of a society. Men, women. Causing himself, lifted into each other rubbing his dykes, queers, to each other, depressing each other. I leave further interpretations to the observer.
Uncovering[edit]
The opening ceremony took place on 24 June 1995 both as a contribution to the OTV 50th Anniversary of the liberation of Germany from the Nazi reign of terror as well as part of the Cologne gay pride (ColognePride) events. The speech of the mayor of the city of Cologne, Norbert Burger, was his first official appearance in the context of a Christopher Street Day (CSD/Cologne Pride). The same day, there were film reports in the German news programmes "heute" and "heute journal" about the ceremony, and also reports and interviews on various radio programmes. Likewise, these were followed by reports nationwide in different newspapers, the trade union press and gay and lesbian media at home and abroad.
Current[edit]
Being wreaths and flowers laid down at the memorial in the context of an event on the annual official German commemoration day for the victims of the National Socialism on the occasion of the anniversary of the liberation of the concentration camp Auschwitz-Birkenau on January 27.
The memorial is frequently the starting point or the completion of the tours at the guided tours to gay/lesbian topics taking place regularly.
See also[edit]
Portal icon LGBT portal
List of people executed for homosexuality
List of LGBT rights activists
Cologne Pride
Literature[edit]
Limpricht/Müller/Oxenius. Verführte Männer — Das Leben der Kölner Homosexuellen im Dritten Reich, Köln 1991
Centrum Schwule Geschichte Köln. «Das sind Volksfeinde» — Die Verfolgung von Homosexuellen an Rhein und Ruhr 1933-45, Köln 1998
Jürgen Müller. Ausgrenzung der Homosexuellen aus der «Volksgemeinschaft» — Die Verfolgung von Homosexuellen in Köln 1933—1945, Köln 2003
Claudia Schoppmann. Verbotene Verhältnisse — Frauenliebe 1938—1945, Berlin 1999
Burkhard Jellonnek, Rüdiger Lautmann. Nationalsozialistischer Terror gegen Homosexuelle — Verdrängt und ungesühnt, Paderborn 2002
Pierre Seel. Ich, Pierre Seel, deportiert und vergessen, Köln 1996
Stümke-Winkler. Rosa Winkel, Rosa Listen, Hamburg 1981
Frank Sparing. «Wegen Vergehen nach § 175 verhaftet» — Die Verfolgung der Düsseldorfer Homosexuellen, Düsseldorf 1997
References[edit]
External links[edit]
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Mahnmal für die schwulen und lesbischen Opfer des Nationalsozialismus in Köln.
Rosa-Winkel-Mahnmal
Centrum Schwule Geschichte
Frankfurter-Engel
Mahnmal-Berlin
[hide]
v ·
t ·
e
LGBT monuments and memorials
Australia
Sydney Gay and Lesbian Holocaust Memorial (Sydney)
Europe
Alan Turing Memorial (Manchester) ·
Frankfurter Engel (Frankfurt) ·
Homomonument (Amsterdam) ·
Memorial to gay and lesbian victims of National Socialism (Cologne) ·
Memorial to Homosexuals Persecuted Under Nazism (Berlin)
North America
Gay Liberation Monument (New York City) ·
Pink Dolphin Monument (Galveston, Texas) ·
Pink Triangle Park (San Francisco)
Coordinates: 50.94092°N 6.962619°E
Categories: Persecution of homosexuals in Nazi Germany and the Holocaust
Monuments and memorials in Germany
LGBT history in Germany
Buildings and structures in Cologne
Holocaust commemoration
Visitor attractions in Cologne
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http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Memorial_to_gay_and_lesbian_victims_of_National_Socialism
Memorial to gay and lesbian victims of National Socialism
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to: navigation, search
engraving on the memorial
view onto Rhine and Hohenzollernbrücke
The memorial for the gay and lesbian victims of the National Socialism (Also known as the FEZ memorial) was inaugurated in 1995 in Cologne, a city noted as a centre of the German gay community. It takes a prominent place in the urban features of Cologne at the bank of the Rhine at the Hohenzollernbrücke. A second memorial not formed as a plaque was built by the gay community itself and was dedicated to the memory of the community in Germany in Cologne on June 24, 1995. The Frankfurt Angel Memorial, dedicated to this topic, has already existed since December 11, 1994 in Frankfurt am Main. A subsequent monument to homosexuals persecuted by National Socialism was inaugurated in Berlin on May 27, 2008. Plaques and panels were also set up in the German-speaking room in the former concentration camps Mauthausen, Neuenamme, Dachau and Sachsenhausen and in Berlin at the Nollendorfplatz (place). The Cologne memorial was given to the city of Cologne by the initiator, the Cologne public services, transport and traffic trade union as a gift. This was the first time a memorial to lesbian and gay victims of National-Socialism was set up by a German trade union.
Contents [hide]
1 Historical background
2 History of the memorial
3 Label
4 Location
5 Choice
6 Artist
7 Design
8 Uncovering
9 Current
10 See also
11 Literature
12 References
13 External links
Historical background[edit]
The memorial is intended to remind people of the persecution of homosexuals during the time of National Socialism. Although there was no systematic persecution of lesbians by National Socialism, these are mentioned particularly in the label of the memorial because the circumstances and culture of the German gay community were nonetheless affected by National Socialist ideology. Furthermore the monument is intended to remind people of the situation of the victims in the post-war Federal Republic with the label " killed - hushed up ".
History of the memorial[edit]
The study group "dykes and queers" started (former study group homosexuality) ÖTV Cologne with the initiative for the erection of the memorial in March of the year 1990. The initiator Jörg Lenk the primarily responsible contact person and the driving force stayed for this project until the list of the memorial stone. The official applicant, the Federation of German Trade Unions (DGB) circle Cologne, was supported by different organisations and parties publicly. According to a statement by the National Socialism documentation centre of the city of Cologne, the initial idea of the mayor of enlarging the panel at the Cologne fair in Köln-Deutz to the memory of the deportation of the Jews, Sinti and Roma (Gypsy) was dropped. Initial doubts about the truth of persecution of lesbians in Nazi Germany by representatives of the city of Cologne were dispelled by the National Socialism documentation centre. The city representatives initially wanted the words "gay and lesbian" replaced by "homosexual". On initiative of the parliamentary group of the party of the Greens the wording was left to the initiators. A limited group of under 25 artists was proposed by the office for cultural affairs of the city of Cologne in 1993. The "Christian democratic union" party (CDU) eventually voted for erection of the memorial. This was done without public discussion. The memorial finance came together through donations which collected 30.900,00 DM (15.798,92 €). The memorial was submitted to the public in June 1995.
Label[edit]
The label was " killed - hushed up, the gay and lesbian victims of the National Socialism, " the only specification for the design of the memorial next to the location. The words had already found use at the Berlin Nollendorfplatz (Place) " killed - hushed up " on the plaque. Study group dykes and queers shall just be pointed out to the destiny of the following for ÖTV by homosexuals under the National Socialists for the inhabitant of Cologne and on the further following in the postwar Germany and on the continuous discrimination of dykes and queers in today's Federal Republic with that. Continuous neglect of the victims until 1994, when paragraph 175, which had made sex between males a crime, was abolished. The inscription seemed "homosexual" to the study group employees as too medical. Since they describe themselves as dykes or queers, the use of these words was indisputable.
Location[edit]
As a location the one of inhabitants of Cologne and tourists became strongly frequent area of the Garden at the Rhine/franc shipyard directly (Rheingarten/Frankenwerft) at the Hohenzollern Bridge (Hohenzollernbrücke) chosen with the Museum Ludwig and the Cathedral in the background. Installation site is not chosen without a historical reference. The area at the Hohenzollernbridge was already a popular meeting place for homosexual men for a long time which offered the possibility for anonymous contacts without laying itself open to the risk of being confessed in the civil life as a queer. A urinal used since the turn of the century with gay men as a meeting place was in the second World War at the Hohenzollernbridge up to his destruction. The war-shattered stairs towers of the Hohenzollernbridge were turned into the meeting place by the queers in the postwar years.
Choice[edit]
Among the 11 submitted competition contributions an independent special jury decided unanimously in favour of the work of the Rostock sculptor Achim Zinkann which came second. No first place was awarded (?). The eleven submitted designs were presented on June 14 in an exhibition at the forum for adult education centre, Cologne until July 15, 1994.
Artist[edit]
Achim Zinkann, born 1960, built the memorial. After teaching art and history studies at the University of Siegen, Zinkann from 1991 to 1993 held a lectureship at the Siegen polytechnic in the areas of stone sculpture, steel sculpture and sculpture. Since 1993 he was lecturer and art teacher at the Käthe-Kollwitz secondary school in the Rostock-Land district. Zinkann as an artist took part in different exhibitions since 1986.
Design[edit]
The memorial consists of pink and grey granite. It has a height of 120 cm (3.93701 foot/47.24409 Inch) and an edge length of 69 cm (2.26378 foot/27.16535 Inch).
The pink triangle was a symbol, this during the time the National Socialism was used to identify male prisoners in concentration camps which had been protracted because of her homosexuality there.
The artist Achim Zinkann describes his work as follows:
Quotation: Two blocks equal in size are the starting point for this work made of granite with grey and pink colouring. These two blocks were sawed up and arranged newly about a side diagonal. The grey wedges stand with the square area on the ground, contrast with himself with then sloping saw areas diagonally and take in the middle of the notch arose the pink wedges which are two and joined together to an equilateral triangle. In the sculpture a correspondence between the wedges arises. Pressure, counterpressure and friction are prerequisites for the complete cohesion. If one of the thrashing is removed, at least a different one loses the hold. The structure is destroyed. The inner tension and the solution of the block like character is caused by the diagonal position of the grey stones.The interplay of body shade and shadows amplifies this tension just like the silhouette, we, changing. The measure relationship in the sculpture arises from the geometric conditions of the equilateral triangle and a height fixed of 120 cm. This height is available well for a man. The text is dug in and so haptically and visually experienceable in this height to the square areas of the pink wedges.
Interpretation approaches are given in a large multitude.
Two blocks, two colours, two cuts, joined together to a whole. A grey, a pink block. Parts of a society. Men, women. Causing himself, lifted into each other rubbing his dykes, queers, to each other, depressing each other. I leave further interpretations to the observer.
Uncovering[edit]
The opening ceremony took place on 24 June 1995 both as a contribution to the OTV 50th Anniversary of the liberation of Germany from the Nazi reign of terror as well as part of the Cologne gay pride (ColognePride) events. The speech of the mayor of the city of Cologne, Norbert Burger, was his first official appearance in the context of a Christopher Street Day (CSD/Cologne Pride). The same day, there were film reports in the German news programmes "heute" and "heute journal" about the ceremony, and also reports and interviews on various radio programmes. Likewise, these were followed by reports nationwide in different newspapers, the trade union press and gay and lesbian media at home and abroad.
Current[edit]
Being wreaths and flowers laid down at the memorial in the context of an event on the annual official German commemoration day for the victims of the National Socialism on the occasion of the anniversary of the liberation of the concentration camp Auschwitz-Birkenau on January 27.
The memorial is frequently the starting point or the completion of the tours at the guided tours to gay/lesbian topics taking place regularly.
See also[edit]
Portal icon LGBT portal
List of people executed for homosexuality
List of LGBT rights activists
Cologne Pride
Literature[edit]
Limpricht/Müller/Oxenius. Verführte Männer — Das Leben der Kölner Homosexuellen im Dritten Reich, Köln 1991
Centrum Schwule Geschichte Köln. «Das sind Volksfeinde» — Die Verfolgung von Homosexuellen an Rhein und Ruhr 1933-45, Köln 1998
Jürgen Müller. Ausgrenzung der Homosexuellen aus der «Volksgemeinschaft» — Die Verfolgung von Homosexuellen in Köln 1933—1945, Köln 2003
Claudia Schoppmann. Verbotene Verhältnisse — Frauenliebe 1938—1945, Berlin 1999
Burkhard Jellonnek, Rüdiger Lautmann. Nationalsozialistischer Terror gegen Homosexuelle — Verdrängt und ungesühnt, Paderborn 2002
Pierre Seel. Ich, Pierre Seel, deportiert und vergessen, Köln 1996
Stümke-Winkler. Rosa Winkel, Rosa Listen, Hamburg 1981
Frank Sparing. «Wegen Vergehen nach § 175 verhaftet» — Die Verfolgung der Düsseldorfer Homosexuellen, Düsseldorf 1997
References[edit]
External links[edit]
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Mahnmal für die schwulen und lesbischen Opfer des Nationalsozialismus in Köln.
Rosa-Winkel-Mahnmal
Centrum Schwule Geschichte
Frankfurter-Engel
Mahnmal-Berlin
[hide]
v ·
t ·
e
LGBT monuments and memorials
Australia
Sydney Gay and Lesbian Holocaust Memorial (Sydney)
Europe
Alan Turing Memorial (Manchester) ·
Frankfurter Engel (Frankfurt) ·
Homomonument (Amsterdam) ·
Memorial to gay and lesbian victims of National Socialism (Cologne) ·
Memorial to Homosexuals Persecuted Under Nazism (Berlin)
North America
Gay Liberation Monument (New York City) ·
Pink Dolphin Monument (Galveston, Texas) ·
Pink Triangle Park (San Francisco)
Coordinates: 50.94092°N 6.962619°E
Categories: Persecution of homosexuals in Nazi Germany and the Holocaust
Monuments and memorials in Germany
LGBT history in Germany
Buildings and structures in Cologne
Holocaust commemoration
Visitor attractions in Cologne
Navigation menu
Create account
Log in
Article
Talk
Read
Edit
View history
Main page
Contents
Featured content
Current events
Random article
Donate to Wikipedia
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Interaction
Help
About Wikipedia
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Recent changes
Contact page
Tools
What links here
Related changes
Upload file
Special pages
Permanent link
Page information
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Cite this page
Print/export
Create a book
Download as PDF
Printable version
Languages
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Español
Русский
Edit links
This page was last modified on 18 September 2014 at 01:38.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License; additional terms may apply. By using this site, you agree to the Terms of Use and Privacy Policy. Wikipedia® is a registered trademark of the Wikimedia Foundation, Inc., a non-profit organization.
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http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Memorial_to_gay_and_lesbian_victims_of_National_Socialism
Memorial to Homosexuals Persecuted Under Nazism
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to: navigation, search
Frontsight of memorial
"First Day" of Memorial, 2008, 27 May
Signboard
Video in memorial
The Memorial to Homosexuals persecuted under Nazism (German: Denkmal für die im Nationalsozialismus verfolgten Homosexuellen) in Berlin was opened on 27 May 2008.[1]
Contents [hide]
1 Design of memorial
2 History of memorial
3 Controversies
4 Literature
5 See also
6 References
7 External links
Design of memorial[edit]
The Memorial was designed by artists Michael Elmgreen and Ingar Dragset.
The Cuboid is made of concrete. On the front side of the cuboid is a window, through which visitors can see a short film of two kissing men. The work is the third of its kind in Germany following Frankfurter Engel (1994) in Frankfurt and Kölner Rosa Winkel (1995) in Cologne.
The memorial was discussed by all parties in the Bundestag, which granted permission in 2003.[2]
Near the memorial is a signboard, which is written in German and English. There visitors can read over persecutions during Nazism and under Paragraph 175, the law during the 1950s and 1960s that outlawed homosexuality. It was reformed in 1969, attenuated in 1973 and finally voided in 1994.
History of memorial[edit]
The homosexual victims of Nazism were not officially recognized after 1945. During the 1950s and 1960s, Paragraph 175 was still part of the German penal code. In the 1980s, these "forgotten victims" were finally discussed. In 1985, for instance, president Richard von Weizsäcker remembered homosexuals as a "victim group". The group Der homosexuellen NS-Opfer gedenken and the organization Lesben- und Schwulenverband began promoting a memorial in Berlin in 1993.[3]
On 12 December 2003, the Bundestag approved the erection of a memorial in Berlin at the boundary of Tiergarten (near the Memorial to the Murdered Jews of Europe). Then the competition for artists started.
Politicians attending the 27 May 2008 dedication included Berlin's Mayor Klaus Wowereit, President of the Bundestag Wolfgang Thierse, German Culture Minister Bernd Neumann, Volker Beck and Renate Künast. Mayor Wowereit gave the opening speech for the memorial. Following its dedication, it was frequently vandalized that year.[4][5]
Controversies[edit]
After the competition for an artist, which Michael Elmgreen and Ingar Dragset won, a discussion was held regarding the video, specifically whether to include lesbians kissing. Lesbians victimized under Nazism have not been documented, though there are instances recorded of lesbian pubs in cities like Berlin which were lost. The feminist magazine EMMA protested that the memorial should also be for persecuted lesbian women. As result of the discussion, the video will be changed every two years and will also show kissing lesbians.[6]
In 2008, the Holocaust survivor and historian Israel Gutman questioned its location near the Jewish Holocaust Memorial in Berlin. "The location was particularly poorly chosen for this monument," Gutman told Polish newspaper Rzeczpospolita. "If visitors have the impression that there was not a great difference between the suffering of Jews and those of homosexuals – exclusively German – it's a scandal." He explained that the German people "understood the immense scope of the crime of the Holocaust which they had committed, but this time, they made an error," because "a sense of proportion must be maintained."[7]
Literature[edit]
Rüdiger Lautmann. Nationalsozialistischer Terror gegen Homosexuelle. Verdrängt und ungesühnt: Paderborn: Schöningh. 2002. ISBN 3-506-74204-3
See also[edit]
History of gay men in Nazi Germany and the Holocaust
Pink triangle
References[edit]
1.Jump up ^ "BBC:Berlin remembers persecuted gays". BBC News. 2008-05-27. Retrieved 2013-02-12.
2.Jump up ^ "Discussion in Bundestag". Volkerbeck.de. Retrieved 2013-02-12.
3.Jump up ^ Initiative Der homosexuellen NS-Opfer gedenken / LSVD. "Gedenkort". Gedenkort.de. Retrieved 2013-02-12.
4.Jump up ^ "Berlin gay Holocaust memorial vandalized", QX. August 30, 2008. Accessed June 13, 2011
5.Jump up ^ "Vandals Hit Berlin's Gay Holocaust Memorial a Second Time", Towel Road. December 16, 2008. Accessed June 13, 2011
6.Jump up ^ Bundesregierung: Kulturstaatsminister Bernd Neumann erzielt Einigung beim Denkmal für die im Nationalsozialismus verfolgten Homosexuellen[dead link]
7.Jump up ^ "Holocaust Academic Pans Monument to Nazis' Gay Victims | Germany | Deutsche Welle | 29.05.2008". Dw-world.de. Retrieved 2013-02-12.
External links[edit]
Memorial for homosexual people tracked under Nazism (German)
Gedenkort (German)
Rosa Winkel (German)
Article by LSVD (German)
BBC: Berlin remembers persecuted homosexuals
[hide]
v ·
t ·
e
LGBT monuments and memorials
Australia
Sydney Gay and Lesbian Holocaust Memorial (Sydney)
Europe
Alan Turing Memorial (Manchester) ·
Frankfurter Engel (Frankfurt) ·
Homomonument (Amsterdam) ·
Memorial to gay and lesbian victims of National Socialism (Cologne) ·
Memorial to Homosexuals Persecuted Under Nazism (Berlin)
North America
Gay Liberation Monument (New York City) ·
Pink Dolphin Monument (Galveston, Texas) ·
Pink Triangle Park (San Francisco)
Coordinates: 52°30′47.71″N 13°22′34.74″E
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http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Memorial_to_Homosexuals_Persecuted_Under_Nazism
Memorial to Homosexuals Persecuted Under Nazism
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Frontsight of memorial
"First Day" of Memorial, 2008, 27 May
Signboard
Video in memorial
The Memorial to Homosexuals persecuted under Nazism (German: Denkmal für die im Nationalsozialismus verfolgten Homosexuellen) in Berlin was opened on 27 May 2008.[1]
Contents [hide]
1 Design of memorial
2 History of memorial
3 Controversies
4 Literature
5 See also
6 References
7 External links
Design of memorial[edit]
The Memorial was designed by artists Michael Elmgreen and Ingar Dragset.
The Cuboid is made of concrete. On the front side of the cuboid is a window, through which visitors can see a short film of two kissing men. The work is the third of its kind in Germany following Frankfurter Engel (1994) in Frankfurt and Kölner Rosa Winkel (1995) in Cologne.
The memorial was discussed by all parties in the Bundestag, which granted permission in 2003.[2]
Near the memorial is a signboard, which is written in German and English. There visitors can read over persecutions during Nazism and under Paragraph 175, the law during the 1950s and 1960s that outlawed homosexuality. It was reformed in 1969, attenuated in 1973 and finally voided in 1994.
History of memorial[edit]
The homosexual victims of Nazism were not officially recognized after 1945. During the 1950s and 1960s, Paragraph 175 was still part of the German penal code. In the 1980s, these "forgotten victims" were finally discussed. In 1985, for instance, president Richard von Weizsäcker remembered homosexuals as a "victim group". The group Der homosexuellen NS-Opfer gedenken and the organization Lesben- und Schwulenverband began promoting a memorial in Berlin in 1993.[3]
On 12 December 2003, the Bundestag approved the erection of a memorial in Berlin at the boundary of Tiergarten (near the Memorial to the Murdered Jews of Europe). Then the competition for artists started.
Politicians attending the 27 May 2008 dedication included Berlin's Mayor Klaus Wowereit, President of the Bundestag Wolfgang Thierse, German Culture Minister Bernd Neumann, Volker Beck and Renate Künast. Mayor Wowereit gave the opening speech for the memorial. Following its dedication, it was frequently vandalized that year.[4][5]
Controversies[edit]
After the competition for an artist, which Michael Elmgreen and Ingar Dragset won, a discussion was held regarding the video, specifically whether to include lesbians kissing. Lesbians victimized under Nazism have not been documented, though there are instances recorded of lesbian pubs in cities like Berlin which were lost. The feminist magazine EMMA protested that the memorial should also be for persecuted lesbian women. As result of the discussion, the video will be changed every two years and will also show kissing lesbians.[6]
In 2008, the Holocaust survivor and historian Israel Gutman questioned its location near the Jewish Holocaust Memorial in Berlin. "The location was particularly poorly chosen for this monument," Gutman told Polish newspaper Rzeczpospolita. "If visitors have the impression that there was not a great difference between the suffering of Jews and those of homosexuals – exclusively German – it's a scandal." He explained that the German people "understood the immense scope of the crime of the Holocaust which they had committed, but this time, they made an error," because "a sense of proportion must be maintained."[7]
Literature[edit]
Rüdiger Lautmann. Nationalsozialistischer Terror gegen Homosexuelle. Verdrängt und ungesühnt: Paderborn: Schöningh. 2002. ISBN 3-506-74204-3
See also[edit]
History of gay men in Nazi Germany and the Holocaust
Pink triangle
References[edit]
1.Jump up ^ "BBC:Berlin remembers persecuted gays". BBC News. 2008-05-27. Retrieved 2013-02-12.
2.Jump up ^ "Discussion in Bundestag". Volkerbeck.de. Retrieved 2013-02-12.
3.Jump up ^ Initiative Der homosexuellen NS-Opfer gedenken / LSVD. "Gedenkort". Gedenkort.de. Retrieved 2013-02-12.
4.Jump up ^ "Berlin gay Holocaust memorial vandalized", QX. August 30, 2008. Accessed June 13, 2011
5.Jump up ^ "Vandals Hit Berlin's Gay Holocaust Memorial a Second Time", Towel Road. December 16, 2008. Accessed June 13, 2011
6.Jump up ^ Bundesregierung: Kulturstaatsminister Bernd Neumann erzielt Einigung beim Denkmal für die im Nationalsozialismus verfolgten Homosexuellen[dead link]
7.Jump up ^ "Holocaust Academic Pans Monument to Nazis' Gay Victims | Germany | Deutsche Welle | 29.05.2008". Dw-world.de. Retrieved 2013-02-12.
External links[edit]
Memorial for homosexual people tracked under Nazism (German)
Gedenkort (German)
Rosa Winkel (German)
Article by LSVD (German)
BBC: Berlin remembers persecuted homosexuals
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LGBT monuments and memorials
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Europe
Alan Turing Memorial (Manchester) ·
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Memorial to gay and lesbian victims of National Socialism (Cologne) ·
Memorial to Homosexuals Persecuted Under Nazism (Berlin)
North America
Gay Liberation Monument (New York City) ·
Pink Dolphin Monument (Galveston, Texas) ·
Pink Triangle Park (San Francisco)
Coordinates: 52°30′47.71″N 13°22′34.74″E
Categories: Buildings and structures completed in 2008
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Pink Triangle Park
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Pink Triangle Park and Memorial
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Pink Triangle Park is a triangular shaped mini-park located in Castro District in San Francisco, California, at the intersection of 17th Street and Market Street, directly at Castro Street Station of Muni Metro.
It is the first permanent, free-standing memorial in America to the thousands of persecuted homosexuals in Nazi Germany during the Holocaust. Fifteen triangular granite columns—one for every 1,000 gay, lesbian, bisexual, and transgender persons estimated to have been killed during the Holocaust—surround the a pink-quartz-filled triangle in the center of the park. The triangle theme recalls the Nazis forcing gay men to wear pink triangles sewn to their clothes as an identifier and badge of shame. Pink Triangle Park was dedicated on 10 December 2001[1] by the Eureka Valley Promotion Association.[2] According to the neighborhood group that maintains the space, the Pink Triangle Park serves as "a physical reminder of how the persecution of any individual or single group of people damages all humanity." [3]
References[edit]
1.Jump up ^ Plaque which is part of the monument.
2.Jump up ^ "Park honors gay, lesbian Holocaust victims, ''San Francisco Chronicle'' June 27, 2003". Sfgate.com. 2003-06-27. Retrieved 2013-02-12.
3.Jump up ^ Pink Triangle Park website, maintained by the Castro/Eureka Valley Neighborhood Association (EVNA)
External links[edit]
Official website
[hide]
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LGBT monuments and memorials
Australia
Sydney Gay and Lesbian Holocaust Memorial (Sydney)
Europe
Alan Turing Memorial (Manchester) ·
Frankfurter Engel (Frankfurt) ·
Homomonument (Amsterdam) ·
Memorial to gay and lesbian victims of National Socialism (Cologne) ·
Memorial to Homosexuals Persecuted Under Nazism (Berlin)
North America
Gay Liberation Monument (New York City) ·
Pink Dolphin Monument (Galveston, Texas) ·
Pink Triangle Park (San Francisco)
Coordinates: 37°45′44″N 122°26′10″W
Categories: 2003 establishments in California
2003 in LGBT history
2003 sculptures
Holocaust commemoration
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Pink Triangle Park
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to: navigation, search
Pink Triangle Park and Memorial
Information board
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Pink Triangle Park and Memorial.
Pink Triangle Park is a triangular shaped mini-park located in Castro District in San Francisco, California, at the intersection of 17th Street and Market Street, directly at Castro Street Station of Muni Metro.
It is the first permanent, free-standing memorial in America to the thousands of persecuted homosexuals in Nazi Germany during the Holocaust. Fifteen triangular granite columns—one for every 1,000 gay, lesbian, bisexual, and transgender persons estimated to have been killed during the Holocaust—surround the a pink-quartz-filled triangle in the center of the park. The triangle theme recalls the Nazis forcing gay men to wear pink triangles sewn to their clothes as an identifier and badge of shame. Pink Triangle Park was dedicated on 10 December 2001[1] by the Eureka Valley Promotion Association.[2] According to the neighborhood group that maintains the space, the Pink Triangle Park serves as "a physical reminder of how the persecution of any individual or single group of people damages all humanity." [3]
References[edit]
1.Jump up ^ Plaque which is part of the monument.
2.Jump up ^ "Park honors gay, lesbian Holocaust victims, ''San Francisco Chronicle'' June 27, 2003". Sfgate.com. 2003-06-27. Retrieved 2013-02-12.
3.Jump up ^ Pink Triangle Park website, maintained by the Castro/Eureka Valley Neighborhood Association (EVNA)
External links[edit]
Official website
[hide]
v ·
t ·
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LGBT monuments and memorials
Australia
Sydney Gay and Lesbian Holocaust Memorial (Sydney)
Europe
Alan Turing Memorial (Manchester) ·
Frankfurter Engel (Frankfurt) ·
Homomonument (Amsterdam) ·
Memorial to gay and lesbian victims of National Socialism (Cologne) ·
Memorial to Homosexuals Persecuted Under Nazism (Berlin)
North America
Gay Liberation Monument (New York City) ·
Pink Dolphin Monument (Galveston, Texas) ·
Pink Triangle Park (San Francisco)
Coordinates: 37°45′44″N 122°26′10″W
Categories: 2003 establishments in California
2003 in LGBT history
2003 sculptures
Holocaust commemoration
LGBT culture in San Francisco, California
Monuments and memorials in California
Parks in San Francisco, California
Persecution of homosexuals in Nazi Germany and the Holocaust
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Sydney Gay and Lesbian Holocaust Memorial
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Gay and Lesbian Holocaust Memorial
The Sydney Gay and Lesbian Holocaust Memorial Project was founded by a group of community activists. Over the years they raised funds and decided, with South Sydney City Council, on the site at Green Park in Darlinghurst, in Sydney, Australia. Darlinghurst is considered the heart of Sydney's gay and lesbian population. Green Park is adjacent to the Sydney Jewish Museum, which ensures that the memorial retains its historic meaning.
The memorial, in the form of a pink triangle with black poles, was designed by Russell Rodrigo and Jennifer Gamble.[1] It was constructed over a period of months in 2000 and its dedication ceremony was on Tuesday, 27 February 2001, when the memorial was handed over to the custodianship of the Sydney Pride Centre. The dedicational speech was held by the well-known Australian lawyer Marcus Einfeld.[2]
See also[edit]
Persecution of homosexuals in Nazi Germany and the Holocaust
References[edit]
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Sydney Gay and Lesbian Memorial.
Green Park, Darlinghurst - City of Sydney[dead link]
1.Jump up ^ http://www.cityofsydney.nsw.gov.au/learn/history/people-and-places/park-histories/green-park
2.Jump up ^ [1]
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Memorial to gay and lesbian victims of National Socialism (Cologne) ·
Memorial to Homosexuals Persecuted Under Nazism (Berlin)
North America
Gay Liberation Monument (New York City) ·
Pink Dolphin Monument (Galveston, Texas) ·
Pink Triangle Park (San Francisco)
Coordinates: 33°52′46″S 151°13′12″E
Categories: 2000 in Australia
2000 in LGBT history
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Holocaust commemoration
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Sydney Gay and Lesbian Holocaust Memorial
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to: navigation, search
Gay and Lesbian Holocaust Memorial
The Sydney Gay and Lesbian Holocaust Memorial Project was founded by a group of community activists. Over the years they raised funds and decided, with South Sydney City Council, on the site at Green Park in Darlinghurst, in Sydney, Australia. Darlinghurst is considered the heart of Sydney's gay and lesbian population. Green Park is adjacent to the Sydney Jewish Museum, which ensures that the memorial retains its historic meaning.
The memorial, in the form of a pink triangle with black poles, was designed by Russell Rodrigo and Jennifer Gamble.[1] It was constructed over a period of months in 2000 and its dedication ceremony was on Tuesday, 27 February 2001, when the memorial was handed over to the custodianship of the Sydney Pride Centre. The dedicational speech was held by the well-known Australian lawyer Marcus Einfeld.[2]
See also[edit]
Persecution of homosexuals in Nazi Germany and the Holocaust
References[edit]
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Sydney Gay and Lesbian Memorial.
Green Park, Darlinghurst - City of Sydney[dead link]
1.Jump up ^ http://www.cityofsydney.nsw.gov.au/learn/history/people-and-places/park-histories/green-park
2.Jump up ^ [1]
[hide]
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LGBT monuments and memorials
Australia
Sydney Gay and Lesbian Holocaust Memorial (Sydney)
Europe
Alan Turing Memorial (Manchester) ·
Frankfurter Engel (Frankfurt) ·
Homomonument (Amsterdam) ·
Memorial to gay and lesbian victims of National Socialism (Cologne) ·
Memorial to Homosexuals Persecuted Under Nazism (Berlin)
North America
Gay Liberation Monument (New York City) ·
Pink Dolphin Monument (Galveston, Texas) ·
Pink Triangle Park (San Francisco)
Coordinates: 33°52′46″S 151°13′12″E
Categories: 2000 in Australia
2000 in LGBT history
2001 in Australia
2001 in LGBT history
Holocaust commemoration
LGBT culture in Sydney
Monuments and memorials in Sydney
Persecution of homosexuals in Nazi Germany and the Holocaust
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Homomonument
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One point of the Homomonument in Amsterdam, showing part of the inscription
Illustration showing the three points of the Homomonument
The Homomonument is a memorial in the centre of Amsterdam, the capital of the Netherlands. It commemorates all gay men and lesbians who have been subjected to persecution because of their homosexuality. Opened on September 5, 1987, it takes the form of three large pink triangles made of granite, set into the ground so as to form a larger triangle, on the bank of the Keizersgracht canal, near the historic Westerkerk church. The Homomonument was designed to "inspire and support lesbians and gays in their struggle against denial, oppression and discrimination." It was the first monument in the world to commemorate gays and lesbians who were killed by the Nazis.[1]
Contents [hide]
1 History
2 Design
3 Images of homomonuments in public areas around the world
4 References
5 External links
History[edit]
In 1980 artists were invited to submit designs and a jury was assembled consisting of experts in the fields of art and design. The jury chose a design by Karin Daan, based on the pink triangle.[1] With the triangle on the water as its central point, Daan expanded the design to make her work as monumental as possible without disrupting the surroundings.
The idea of a permanent memorial to gay and lesbian victims of persecution dated from 1970, when gay activists were arrested for attempting to place a lavender wreath at the National War Memorial (Netherlands) on Dam Square in the centre of Amsterdam. The wreath was removed by police and denounced as a disgrace.
The actual building of the monument began in May 1979 as an initiative of the Dutch gay and lesbian rights movement, with the support of groups in other countries. It took eight years to raise the necessary €180,000 to build the Homomonument. Most of this came from donations from individuals and organisations. The Dutch Parliament donated €50,000, and the city of Amsterdam and the province of North Holland also made contributions.
A monument in memory of LGBT victims of repression and persecution was dedicated in Barcelona, Spain in 2011.[2] It was modeled after the Homomonument.[3]
Design[edit]
As well as the triangle on the canal, which has a set of steps leading to the water where floral wreaths are frequently laid, there is a triangle on land 60 cm high and a memorial triangle at street level. The three triangles—each measuring 10 meters (30 ft) on each side—together form a larger triangle connected on each side by a thin row of pink granite bricks. This larger triangle measures 36 meters on each side.
The alignments of the three points of the larger triangle are symbolic. One points towards the National War Memorial on Dam Square. One points towards the house of Anne Frank, a Jewish girl who was deported to her death by the Nazis. The third points towards the headquarters of COC Nederland, the Dutch gay rights group founded in 1946, making it the oldest continuously operating gay and lesbian organisation in the world.
On the triangle pointing towards the Anne Frank House is engraved a line of poetry by the Dutch Jewish gay poet Jacob Israël de Haan (1881–1924): Naar Vriendschap Zulk een Mateloos Verlangen ("Such an endless desire for friendship"). The text is from his poem To a Young Fisherman.[1]
A miniature version of the Homomonument can be seen at The Hague's Madurodam park. The scale model was unveiled on October 24, 2006, by Amsterdam mayor Job Cohen and COC chair Frank van Dalen.[4]
Coordinates: 52.374443°N 4.884758°E
Images of homomonuments in public areas around the world[edit]
Frankfurter Engel, Frankfurt (1994)
Köln (1995)
Sydney Gay and Lesbian Holocaust Memorial, Sydney (2001)
Pink Triangle Park, San Francisco (2003)
Sexual diversity monument (es), Montevideo (2005)
Sitges (2006)
Memorial to Homosexuals Persecuted Under Nazism, Berlin (2008)
Monumento en memoria de los gais, lesbianas y personas transexuales represaliadas (es), Barcelona (2011)
Pink Dolphin Monument, Galveston, Texas (2014)
References[edit]
1.^ Jump up to: a b c Martin Dunford (2010). The Rough Guide to The Netherlands. Penguin. p. 73. ISBN 978-1-84836-882-8.
2.Jump up ^ "Barcelona unveiled the first monument to repressed gay and lesbian people". Catalannewsagency.com. Retrieved 2013-02-12.
3.Jump up ^ "Barcelona Gay And Lesbian Monument Plans Outlined". Huffingtonpost.com. 2011-01-03. Retrieved 2013-02-12.
4.Jump up ^ Article from COC Nederland (Dutch)
External links[edit]
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Homomonument in Amsterdam.
Official website
Homomonument page at Inspiritus
[hide]
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LGBT monuments and memorials
Australia
Sydney Gay and Lesbian Holocaust Memorial (Sydney)
Europe
Alan Turing Memorial (Manchester) ·
Frankfurter Engel (Frankfurt) ·
Homomonument (Amsterdam) ·
Memorial to gay and lesbian victims of National Socialism (Cologne) ·
Memorial to Homosexuals Persecuted Under Nazism (Berlin)
North America
Gay Liberation Monument (New York City) ·
Pink Dolphin Monument (Galveston, Texas) ·
Pink Triangle Park (San Francisco)
Categories: Monuments and memorials in the Netherlands
Buildings and structures in Amsterdam
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LGBT in the Netherlands
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http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Homomonument
Homomonument
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to: navigation, search
One point of the Homomonument in Amsterdam, showing part of the inscription
Illustration showing the three points of the Homomonument
The Homomonument is a memorial in the centre of Amsterdam, the capital of the Netherlands. It commemorates all gay men and lesbians who have been subjected to persecution because of their homosexuality. Opened on September 5, 1987, it takes the form of three large pink triangles made of granite, set into the ground so as to form a larger triangle, on the bank of the Keizersgracht canal, near the historic Westerkerk church. The Homomonument was designed to "inspire and support lesbians and gays in their struggle against denial, oppression and discrimination." It was the first monument in the world to commemorate gays and lesbians who were killed by the Nazis.[1]
Contents [hide]
1 History
2 Design
3 Images of homomonuments in public areas around the world
4 References
5 External links
History[edit]
In 1980 artists were invited to submit designs and a jury was assembled consisting of experts in the fields of art and design. The jury chose a design by Karin Daan, based on the pink triangle.[1] With the triangle on the water as its central point, Daan expanded the design to make her work as monumental as possible without disrupting the surroundings.
The idea of a permanent memorial to gay and lesbian victims of persecution dated from 1970, when gay activists were arrested for attempting to place a lavender wreath at the National War Memorial (Netherlands) on Dam Square in the centre of Amsterdam. The wreath was removed by police and denounced as a disgrace.
The actual building of the monument began in May 1979 as an initiative of the Dutch gay and lesbian rights movement, with the support of groups in other countries. It took eight years to raise the necessary €180,000 to build the Homomonument. Most of this came from donations from individuals and organisations. The Dutch Parliament donated €50,000, and the city of Amsterdam and the province of North Holland also made contributions.
A monument in memory of LGBT victims of repression and persecution was dedicated in Barcelona, Spain in 2011.[2] It was modeled after the Homomonument.[3]
Design[edit]
As well as the triangle on the canal, which has a set of steps leading to the water where floral wreaths are frequently laid, there is a triangle on land 60 cm high and a memorial triangle at street level. The three triangles—each measuring 10 meters (30 ft) on each side—together form a larger triangle connected on each side by a thin row of pink granite bricks. This larger triangle measures 36 meters on each side.
The alignments of the three points of the larger triangle are symbolic. One points towards the National War Memorial on Dam Square. One points towards the house of Anne Frank, a Jewish girl who was deported to her death by the Nazis. The third points towards the headquarters of COC Nederland, the Dutch gay rights group founded in 1946, making it the oldest continuously operating gay and lesbian organisation in the world.
On the triangle pointing towards the Anne Frank House is engraved a line of poetry by the Dutch Jewish gay poet Jacob Israël de Haan (1881–1924): Naar Vriendschap Zulk een Mateloos Verlangen ("Such an endless desire for friendship"). The text is from his poem To a Young Fisherman.[1]
A miniature version of the Homomonument can be seen at The Hague's Madurodam park. The scale model was unveiled on October 24, 2006, by Amsterdam mayor Job Cohen and COC chair Frank van Dalen.[4]
Coordinates: 52.374443°N 4.884758°E
Images of homomonuments in public areas around the world[edit]
Frankfurter Engel, Frankfurt (1994)
Köln (1995)
Sydney Gay and Lesbian Holocaust Memorial, Sydney (2001)
Pink Triangle Park, San Francisco (2003)
Sexual diversity monument (es), Montevideo (2005)
Sitges (2006)
Memorial to Homosexuals Persecuted Under Nazism, Berlin (2008)
Monumento en memoria de los gais, lesbianas y personas transexuales represaliadas (es), Barcelona (2011)
Pink Dolphin Monument, Galveston, Texas (2014)
References[edit]
1.^ Jump up to: a b c Martin Dunford (2010). The Rough Guide to The Netherlands. Penguin. p. 73. ISBN 978-1-84836-882-8.
2.Jump up ^ "Barcelona unveiled the first monument to repressed gay and lesbian people". Catalannewsagency.com. Retrieved 2013-02-12.
3.Jump up ^ "Barcelona Gay And Lesbian Monument Plans Outlined". Huffingtonpost.com. 2011-01-03. Retrieved 2013-02-12.
4.Jump up ^ Article from COC Nederland (Dutch)
External links[edit]
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Homomonument in Amsterdam.
Official website
Homomonument page at Inspiritus
[hide]
v ·
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e
LGBT monuments and memorials
Australia
Sydney Gay and Lesbian Holocaust Memorial (Sydney)
Europe
Alan Turing Memorial (Manchester) ·
Frankfurter Engel (Frankfurt) ·
Homomonument (Amsterdam) ·
Memorial to gay and lesbian victims of National Socialism (Cologne) ·
Memorial to Homosexuals Persecuted Under Nazism (Berlin)
North America
Gay Liberation Monument (New York City) ·
Pink Dolphin Monument (Galveston, Texas) ·
Pink Triangle Park (San Francisco)
Categories: Monuments and memorials in the Netherlands
Buildings and structures in Amsterdam
Holocaust commemoration
LGBT in the Netherlands
Persecution of homosexuals in Nazi Germany and the Holocaust
1987 in LGBT history
1987 sculptures
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http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Homomonument
A Love to Hide
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to: navigation, search
A Love to Hide
A Love to Hide film poster.jpg
Directed by
Christian Faure
Produced by
François Aramburu
Laetitia Bartoli
Pascal Fontanille
Screenplay by
Pascal Fontanille
Samantha Mazeras
Starring
Jérémie Renier
Louise Monot
Nicolas Gob
Music by
Charles Court
Cinematography
Svetlana Ganeva
Edited by
Jean-Daniel Fernandez-Qundez
Release dates
7 March 2005 (France)
Running time
102 minutes
Country
France
Language
French
A Love to Hide (French title: Un amour à taire) is a French film made for television, directed by Christian Faure, which aired in 2005. It is loosely based on the book Moi, Pierre Seel, déporté homosexuel by Pierre Seel.
Contents [hide]
1 Plot summary
2 Cast
3 Production
4 External links
Plot summary[edit]
The action takes place in France during the Second World War.
A young Jewish girl, Sarah, is looking to escape the clutches of the Third Reich after seeing her parents and sister brutally slain by a smuggler who betrayed them while attempting to escape to England. Terrified, she is sheltered by her childhood friend Jean, a homosexual in a clandestine relationship with his lover Philippe.
They are safe for the moment, thanks to Jean's plan to pass her off as a Christian employee of his laundromat. However, a bad decision made by Jean's troublesome brother Jacques causes Jean to be wrongly accused of being the lover of a German officer. Jean is then forced into a Nazi labor camp.
Cast[edit]
Jérémie Renier as Jean
Louise Monot as Sarah
Bruno Todeschini as Philippe
Nicolas Gob as Jacques
Charlotte de Turckheim as Marcelle Lavandier
Michel Jonasz as Armand Lavandier
Production[edit]
A Love to Hide is the second film of director Christian Faure dealing with homosexuality. He had previously directed Just a Question of Love (2000), a made for television film chronicling a love story between two young men.
This is one of few films about the deportation of homosexuals during World War II. It is loosely based on the book Moi, Pierre Seel, déporté homosexuel by Pierre Seel published in 1994 The film was dedicated to Pierre Seel who died in the same year that it was made.
External links[edit]
A Love to Hide at the Internet Movie Database
Stub icon This article related to a French film of the 2000s is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.
Categories: French-language films
2005 television films
French films
French LGBT-related films
Holocaust films
Persecution of homosexuals in Nazi Germany and the Holocaust
Films shot in Bulgaria
2000s French film stubs
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http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/A_Love_to_Hide
A Love to Hide
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to: navigation, search
A Love to Hide
A Love to Hide film poster.jpg
Directed by
Christian Faure
Produced by
François Aramburu
Laetitia Bartoli
Pascal Fontanille
Screenplay by
Pascal Fontanille
Samantha Mazeras
Starring
Jérémie Renier
Louise Monot
Nicolas Gob
Music by
Charles Court
Cinematography
Svetlana Ganeva
Edited by
Jean-Daniel Fernandez-Qundez
Release dates
7 March 2005 (France)
Running time
102 minutes
Country
France
Language
French
A Love to Hide (French title: Un amour à taire) is a French film made for television, directed by Christian Faure, which aired in 2005. It is loosely based on the book Moi, Pierre Seel, déporté homosexuel by Pierre Seel.
Contents [hide]
1 Plot summary
2 Cast
3 Production
4 External links
Plot summary[edit]
The action takes place in France during the Second World War.
A young Jewish girl, Sarah, is looking to escape the clutches of the Third Reich after seeing her parents and sister brutally slain by a smuggler who betrayed them while attempting to escape to England. Terrified, she is sheltered by her childhood friend Jean, a homosexual in a clandestine relationship with his lover Philippe.
They are safe for the moment, thanks to Jean's plan to pass her off as a Christian employee of his laundromat. However, a bad decision made by Jean's troublesome brother Jacques causes Jean to be wrongly accused of being the lover of a German officer. Jean is then forced into a Nazi labor camp.
Cast[edit]
Jérémie Renier as Jean
Louise Monot as Sarah
Bruno Todeschini as Philippe
Nicolas Gob as Jacques
Charlotte de Turckheim as Marcelle Lavandier
Michel Jonasz as Armand Lavandier
Production[edit]
A Love to Hide is the second film of director Christian Faure dealing with homosexuality. He had previously directed Just a Question of Love (2000), a made for television film chronicling a love story between two young men.
This is one of few films about the deportation of homosexuals during World War II. It is loosely based on the book Moi, Pierre Seel, déporté homosexuel by Pierre Seel published in 1994 The film was dedicated to Pierre Seel who died in the same year that it was made.
External links[edit]
A Love to Hide at the Internet Movie Database
Stub icon This article related to a French film of the 2000s is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.
Categories: French-language films
2005 television films
French films
French LGBT-related films
Holocaust films
Persecution of homosexuals in Nazi Germany and the Holocaust
Films shot in Bulgaria
2000s French film stubs
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http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/A_Love_to_Hide
Paragraph 175 (film)
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to: navigation, search
Question book-new.svg
This December 2009 does not cite any references or sources. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. (December 2009)
The documentary film Paragraph 175, a joint German–British–American production, publicized the effects of the law on concentration camp internees.
Paragraph 175 is a documentary film released in 2000, directed by Rob Epstein and Jeffrey Friedman, and narrated by Rupert Everett. The film was produced by Rob Epstein, Jeffrey Friedman, Janet Cole, Michael Ehrenzweig, Sheila Nevins and Howard Rosenman. The film chronicles the lives of several gay men and one lesbian who were persecuted by the Nazis. The gay men were arrested by the Nazis for the crime of homosexuality under Paragraph 175, the sodomy provision of the German penal code, dating back to 1871.
Between 1933 and 1945, 100,000 men were arrested under Paragraph 175. Some were imprisoned, others were sent to concentration camps. Only about 4,000 survived; see Paragraph 175 for full details.
In 2000, fewer than ten of these men were known to be living. Five come forward in the documentary to tell their stories for the first time, considered to be among the last untold stories of the Third Reich.
Paragraph 175 tells of a gap in the historical record and reveals the lasting consequences, as told through personal stories of gay men and women who lived through it, including: Karl Gorath; Gad Beck, the half-Jewish resistance fighter who spent the war helping refugees escape Berlin; Annette Eick, the Jewish lesbian who escaped to England with the help of a woman she loved; Albrecht Becker, German Christian photographer, who was arrested and imprisoned for homosexuality, then joined the army on his release because he "wanted to be with men"; Pierre Seel, the French Alsatian teenager, who watched as his lover was eaten alive by dogs in the camps.
Award[edit]
Teddy Award for best documentary film, 2000
See also[edit]
Persecution of homosexuals in Nazi Germany and the Holocaust
External links[edit]
Paragraph 175 at the Internet Movie Database
NPR, All Things Considered - Rob Epstein remembers Pierre Seel - 2 December 2005 (audio file)
[hide]
v ·
t ·
e
Works by Rob Epstein
Solo
The Times of Harvey Milk (1984) ·
Where Are We? Our Trip Through America (1989) ·
An Evening with Eddie Gomez (2005)
Collaborations
Word Is Out: Stories of Some of Our Lives (1977, with Peter Adair, Nancy Adair, Andrew Brown, Lucy Massie Phenix and Veronica Selver) ·
The AIDS Show: Artists Involved with Death and Survival (1986, with Peter Adair) ·
Common Threads: Stories from the Quilt (1989, with Jeffrey Friedman) ·
The Celluloid Closet (1995, with Jeffrey Friedman) ·
Paragraph 175 (2000, with Jeffrey Friedman) ·
Underground Zero (segment "Isaiah's Rap"; 2002, with Jeffrey Friedman) ·
Howl (2010, with Jeffrey Friedman) ·
Lovelace (2013, with Jeffrey Friedman)
Stub icon This article about a documentary film with a lesbian, gay, bisexual or transgender theme is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.
Stub icon This article about a historical documentary film is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.
Categories: 2000 films
2000s documentary films
2000s LGBT-related films
Documentary films about the Holocaust
Films directed by Rob Epstein
Films directed by Jeffrey Friedman
Documentary films about LGBT topics
Persecution of homosexuals in Nazi Germany and the Holocaust
Sundance Film Festival award winners
LGBT-related documentary film stubs
Historical documentary film stubs
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http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paragraph_175_(film)
Paragraph 175 (film)
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to: navigation, search
Question book-new.svg
This December 2009 does not cite any references or sources. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. (December 2009)
The documentary film Paragraph 175, a joint German–British–American production, publicized the effects of the law on concentration camp internees.
Paragraph 175 is a documentary film released in 2000, directed by Rob Epstein and Jeffrey Friedman, and narrated by Rupert Everett. The film was produced by Rob Epstein, Jeffrey Friedman, Janet Cole, Michael Ehrenzweig, Sheila Nevins and Howard Rosenman. The film chronicles the lives of several gay men and one lesbian who were persecuted by the Nazis. The gay men were arrested by the Nazis for the crime of homosexuality under Paragraph 175, the sodomy provision of the German penal code, dating back to 1871.
Between 1933 and 1945, 100,000 men were arrested under Paragraph 175. Some were imprisoned, others were sent to concentration camps. Only about 4,000 survived; see Paragraph 175 for full details.
In 2000, fewer than ten of these men were known to be living. Five come forward in the documentary to tell their stories for the first time, considered to be among the last untold stories of the Third Reich.
Paragraph 175 tells of a gap in the historical record and reveals the lasting consequences, as told through personal stories of gay men and women who lived through it, including: Karl Gorath; Gad Beck, the half-Jewish resistance fighter who spent the war helping refugees escape Berlin; Annette Eick, the Jewish lesbian who escaped to England with the help of a woman she loved; Albrecht Becker, German Christian photographer, who was arrested and imprisoned for homosexuality, then joined the army on his release because he "wanted to be with men"; Pierre Seel, the French Alsatian teenager, who watched as his lover was eaten alive by dogs in the camps.
Award[edit]
Teddy Award for best documentary film, 2000
See also[edit]
Persecution of homosexuals in Nazi Germany and the Holocaust
External links[edit]
Paragraph 175 at the Internet Movie Database
NPR, All Things Considered - Rob Epstein remembers Pierre Seel - 2 December 2005 (audio file)
[hide]
v ·
t ·
e
Works by Rob Epstein
Solo
The Times of Harvey Milk (1984) ·
Where Are We? Our Trip Through America (1989) ·
An Evening with Eddie Gomez (2005)
Collaborations
Word Is Out: Stories of Some of Our Lives (1977, with Peter Adair, Nancy Adair, Andrew Brown, Lucy Massie Phenix and Veronica Selver) ·
The AIDS Show: Artists Involved with Death and Survival (1986, with Peter Adair) ·
Common Threads: Stories from the Quilt (1989, with Jeffrey Friedman) ·
The Celluloid Closet (1995, with Jeffrey Friedman) ·
Paragraph 175 (2000, with Jeffrey Friedman) ·
Underground Zero (segment "Isaiah's Rap"; 2002, with Jeffrey Friedman) ·
Howl (2010, with Jeffrey Friedman) ·
Lovelace (2013, with Jeffrey Friedman)
Stub icon This article about a documentary film with a lesbian, gay, bisexual or transgender theme is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.
Stub icon This article about a historical documentary film is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.
Categories: 2000 films
2000s documentary films
2000s LGBT-related films
Documentary films about the Holocaust
Films directed by Rob Epstein
Films directed by Jeffrey Friedman
Documentary films about LGBT topics
Persecution of homosexuals in Nazi Germany and the Holocaust
Sundance Film Festival award winners
LGBT-related documentary film stubs
Historical documentary film stubs
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http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paragraph_175_(film)
Bent (film)
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to: navigation, search
Bent
Bent, film poster.jpg
Theatrical release poster
Directed by
Sean Mathias
Produced by
Michael Solinger
Dixie Linder
Martin Sherman
Written by
Martin Sherman
Starring
Clive Owen
Lothaire Bluteau
Ian McKellen
Brian Webber II
Mick Jagger
Music by
Philip Glass
Cinematography
Yorgos Arvanitis
Edited by
Isabelle Lorente
Production
company
Channel Four Films
Distributed by
Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer (US DVD)
Release dates
November 26, 1997
Running time
105 minutes
Country
United Kingdom
Japan
Language
English
Box office
$496,059
Bent is a 1997 British/Japanese drama film directed by Sean Mathias, based on the 1979 play of the same name by Martin Sherman, who also wrote the screenplay. It revolves around the persecution of homosexuals in Nazi Germany after the murder of SA leader Ernst Röhm on the Night of the Long Knives.
Contents [hide]
1 Plot
2 Cast
3 Reception
4 Awards
5 References
6 External links
Plot[edit]
Max (Clive Owen) is a promiscuous gay man living in 1930s Berlin. He is at odds with his wealthy family because of his homosexuality. One evening, much to the resentment of his boyfriend, Rudy (Brian Webber II), Max brings home a handsome SA man (Nikolaj Coster-Waldau). Unfortunately, he does so on the Night of the Long Knives, when Hitler ordered the assassination of upper echelon SA corps. The Sturmabteilung man is discovered and killed by SS men in Max and Rudy's apartment, and the two have to flee Berlin.
Max's Uncle Freddie (Ian McKellen) has organised new papers for Max, but Max refuses to leave his boyfriend behind. As a result, Max and Rudy are found and arrested by the Gestapo and put on a train headed for Dachau. On the train, Rudy is brutally beaten to death by the guards. As Rudy calls out to Max when he is taken away, Max lies to the guards, denying he is gay. In the camp, Max falls in love with Horst (Lothaire Bluteau), who shows him the dignity that lies in acknowledging one's beliefs.
Cast[edit]
Clive Owen as Max
Lothaire Bluteau as Horst
Ian McKellen as Uncle Freddie
Brian Webber II as Rudy
Nikolaj Coster-Waldau as Wolf
Mick Jagger as Greta
Jude Law as Stormtrooper
Paul Bettany as Captain
Rachel Weisz as Prostitute
Reception[edit]
Bent has an overall approval rating of 65% on Rotten Tomatoes.[1]
Awards[edit]
1997: Won Award of the Youth at the Cannes Film Festival
1998: Won Best Feature Film in the Torino International Gay & Lesbian Film Festival
References[edit]
1.Jump up ^ "Rotten Tomatoes". Retrieved 2010-09-05.
External links[edit]
Bent at the Internet Movie Database
Bent at Box Office Mojo
[show]
v ·
t ·
e
Philip Glass
Categories: 1997 films
English-language films
1990s drama films
British drama films
British LGBT-related films
Film scores by Philip Glass
Films directed by Sean Mathias
Films based on actual events
Films based on plays
Films set in Berlin
Films set in the 1930s
Holocaust films
Mick Jagger
Films about Nazi Germany
War drama films
World War II films
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This page was last modified on 20 May 2014 at 11:11.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License; additional terms may apply. By using this site, you agree to the Terms of Use and Privacy Policy. Wikipedia® is a registered trademark of the Wikimedia Foundation, Inc., a non-profit organization.
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http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bent_(film)
Bent (film)
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to: navigation, search
Bent
Bent, film poster.jpg
Theatrical release poster
Directed by
Sean Mathias
Produced by
Michael Solinger
Dixie Linder
Martin Sherman
Written by
Martin Sherman
Starring
Clive Owen
Lothaire Bluteau
Ian McKellen
Brian Webber II
Mick Jagger
Music by
Philip Glass
Cinematography
Yorgos Arvanitis
Edited by
Isabelle Lorente
Production
company
Channel Four Films
Distributed by
Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer (US DVD)
Release dates
November 26, 1997
Running time
105 minutes
Country
United Kingdom
Japan
Language
English
Box office
$496,059
Bent is a 1997 British/Japanese drama film directed by Sean Mathias, based on the 1979 play of the same name by Martin Sherman, who also wrote the screenplay. It revolves around the persecution of homosexuals in Nazi Germany after the murder of SA leader Ernst Röhm on the Night of the Long Knives.
Contents [hide]
1 Plot
2 Cast
3 Reception
4 Awards
5 References
6 External links
Plot[edit]
Max (Clive Owen) is a promiscuous gay man living in 1930s Berlin. He is at odds with his wealthy family because of his homosexuality. One evening, much to the resentment of his boyfriend, Rudy (Brian Webber II), Max brings home a handsome SA man (Nikolaj Coster-Waldau). Unfortunately, he does so on the Night of the Long Knives, when Hitler ordered the assassination of upper echelon SA corps. The Sturmabteilung man is discovered and killed by SS men in Max and Rudy's apartment, and the two have to flee Berlin.
Max's Uncle Freddie (Ian McKellen) has organised new papers for Max, but Max refuses to leave his boyfriend behind. As a result, Max and Rudy are found and arrested by the Gestapo and put on a train headed for Dachau. On the train, Rudy is brutally beaten to death by the guards. As Rudy calls out to Max when he is taken away, Max lies to the guards, denying he is gay. In the camp, Max falls in love with Horst (Lothaire Bluteau), who shows him the dignity that lies in acknowledging one's beliefs.
Cast[edit]
Clive Owen as Max
Lothaire Bluteau as Horst
Ian McKellen as Uncle Freddie
Brian Webber II as Rudy
Nikolaj Coster-Waldau as Wolf
Mick Jagger as Greta
Jude Law as Stormtrooper
Paul Bettany as Captain
Rachel Weisz as Prostitute
Reception[edit]
Bent has an overall approval rating of 65% on Rotten Tomatoes.[1]
Awards[edit]
1997: Won Award of the Youth at the Cannes Film Festival
1998: Won Best Feature Film in the Torino International Gay & Lesbian Film Festival
References[edit]
1.Jump up ^ "Rotten Tomatoes". Retrieved 2010-09-05.
External links[edit]
Bent at the Internet Movie Database
Bent at Box Office Mojo
[show]
v ·
t ·
e
Philip Glass
Categories: 1997 films
English-language films
1990s drama films
British drama films
British LGBT-related films
Film scores by Philip Glass
Films directed by Sean Mathias
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http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bent_(film)
Bent (play)
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to: navigation, search
Bent
Bent (theater).jpg
Poster for the Royal National Theatre's 1990 revival of Bent, starring Sir Ian McKellen
Written by
Martin Sherman
Date premiered
May 3, 1979
Place premiered
Royal Court Theatre, London
Original language
English
Subject
The persecution of homosexuals during the holocaust
Setting
Berlin, 1934 following the Night of the Long Knives
Bent is a 1979 play by Martin Sherman. It revolves around the persecution of gays in Nazi Germany, and takes place during and after the Night of the Long Knives.
The title of the play refers to the slang word "bent" used in some European countries to refer to homosexuals.[citation needed] When the play was first performed, there was only a trickle of historical research or even awareness about the Nazi persecution of homosexuals. In some regards, the play helped increase that historical research and education in the 1980s and 1990s.
The play starred Ian McKellen in its original 1979 West End production, and Richard Gere in its original 1980 Broadway production. In 1989, Sean Mathias directed a revival of the play, performed as a one-night benefit for Stonewall, featuring Ian McKellen, Richard E Grant, Ian Charleson, and Ralph Fiennes. After receiving critical acclaim, Mathias directed a full run in 1990, with Ian McKellen, Paul Rhys, and Christopher Eccleston, which won the City Limits Award for Revival of the Year.
In 1997, Martin Sherman adapted Bent into a film of the same name, which was directed by Sean Mathias.
Contents [hide]
1 Plot
2 Productions 2.1 1980 Broadway
2.2 1981
2.3 1996
2.4 2000
2.5 2001
2.6 2003
2.7 2004
2.8 2006
2.9 2007
2.10 2009
2.11 2010
2.12 2011
2.13 2012
2.14 2013
2.15 International productions
3 References
4 External links
Plot[edit]
Max, a promiscuous gay man in 1930s Berlin, is at odds with his wealthy family because of his homosexuality. One evening, much to the resentment of his boyfriend Rudy, he brings home a handsome Sturmabteilung man. Unfortunately, it is the night that Hitler orders to assassinate the upper echelon of the Sturmabteilung corps, to consolidate his power. The Sturmabteilung man is discovered and killed by SS men in Max and Rudy's apartment, and the two have to flee Berlin.
Max's uncle Freddie, who is also gay, but lives a more discreet life with rent boys to satisfy his desires, has organized new papers for Max, but Max refuses to leave his naïve boyfriend behind. As a result, Max and Rudy are found and arrested by the Gestapo and put on a train headed for Dachau concentration camp.
On the train, Rudy calls out to Max as he is taken away to be beaten, so Rudy is brought back and beaten to death by Max, who denies he knows him. Max lies to the guards, telling them that he is a Jew rather than a homosexual, because he believes his chances for survival in the camp will be better if he is not assigned the pink triangle. Max later confesses to a fellow prisoner that the guards then forced him to have intercourse with the body of a dead pre-teen girl to "prove" he was not homosexual.
In the camp, Max makes friends with Horst, who shows him the dignity that lies in acknowledging what one is. They fall in love and become lovers through their imagination and through their words. After Horst is shot by camp guards, Max puts on Horst's jacket with the pink triangle and commits suicide by grabbing an electric fence.
Productions[edit]
1980 Broadway[edit]
The show was directed by Robert Allan Ackerman, scenery by Santo Loquasto, costumes by Robert Wojewodski, lighting by Arden Fingerhut, and music by Stanley Silverman. The show featured Richard Gere as Max, David Marshall Grant as Rudy, James Remar as Wolf, Michael Gross as Greta, George Hall as Uncle Freddie, Bryan E. Clark as Officer, David Dukes as Horst, Ron Randell as Captain, and the Guards were Kai Wulff, Philip Kraus, and John Snyder.
1981[edit]
The show made its Seattle Premier at Empty Space Theater and ran through 1982.[1]
The first Toronto production of Bent was in 1981 at the Bathurst Street Theatre. It starred Richard Monette as Max, Brent Carver as Horst and Jeff Wincott as Wolf.
1996[edit]
A production of Bent ran at the Annex Theatre in Toronto, produced by Upstart Crow Theatre Company. Directed by Walter Young, the production featured Philip Cairns as Greta and Darren Stewart-Jones as Rudy.
2000[edit]
January: presented by Theater in the Round, Minneapolis, MN [2]
2001[edit]
November: presented at Cornell University by Risley Theatre, Ithaca, NY. Directed by Shira Golding, with Hans Vermy as Max. [3]
2003[edit]
July: presented by Singaporean theatre company Toy Factory Theatre Ensemble, directed by Beatrice Chia [4]
2004[edit]
October: Presented by Graeae Theatre Company, Director Jenny Sealey applies her unique approach to seamlessly fuse audio description, sign language, music and physicality to create a shattering performance. [5]
2006[edit]
December: Trafalgar Studios in London, starring Alan Cumming as Max, and Chris New as Horst.
2007[edit]
Poster for the 2007 Vancouver Revival of Bent
October: produced by the 13th Street Repertory Company in New York City. Directed by Joshua Chase Gold, and starring Ryan Nicholoff as Max and Jim Halloran as Horst, the production was received to strong reviews and sold out audiences.[6]
October 31-November 17: the Meta.for Theatre production at Performance Works in Vancouver, British Columbia, starring Seán Cummings as Max and Thrasso Petras as Horst.[7][8]
2009[edit]
January: Bent was presented in Amarillo TX by AVENUE 10, causing the theatre to be targeted by an anti-homosexual Christian group resulting in the theatre being shut down and forced to find another venue for the show.
March: Bent made its Cincinnati debut at New Stage Collective.
May: Pandora Productions of Louisville, Kentucky.
May: presented at Stanford University by STAMP, the Stanford Theatre Activist Mobilization Project, co-sponsored by the Emma Goldman Society for Queer Liberation.
June 25–30: by Theatre Engine at the Abrams Studio Theatre in Toronto.[9]
July 9-August 15: produced by Hubris Productions at the Greenhouse Theatre in Chicago, with original music by John Kamys aka Jinx Titanic from July 9 to August 15, 2009. This production was sanctioned by the United States Holocaust Memorial Museum, and a portion of the proceeds from this show benefitted the museum.
September: The Rhodes University Drama Department in Grahamstown, South Africa presented a revival of the show as a Masters Coursework examination. This production commemorated the play's 30th anniversary.
October 29-November 22: produced by Diversionary Theatre in San Diego, California in collaboration with ion theatre company.
November: Altera Vitae Productions of Canada presented the Montreal premiere in November 2009 at L'Espace 4001. Directed by Carolyn Fe, the cast included: Christopher Moore (Max), Adam Leblanc (Rudy), Vance de Waele (Horst), Serge Turcotte (Greta), Mark Waters (Uncle Freddie), Yves Jacquier (Captain).
November: produced by Fullerton College's theatre arts department.
2010[edit]
February–March: Focus Theatre presented a revival of Bent at the Belvoir St Theatre in Sydney as part of the Mardi Gras festival.
March 25: Cardinal Heenan Drama [Sam Kane & Joshua Hale] perform "Bent" In Knotty Ash Hall, Liverpool.
March: Oxford University students presented an amateur production of the show in the Keble O'Reilly Theatre.
April 27 - May 15 - Bent was performed at The Landor Theatre, London directed by Andrew Keates. Andrew Keates is the youngest director to be granted the professional rights by Martin Sherman himself to direct the play. The production was such a success, that it transferred to The Tabard Theatre, Chiswick for a further six weeks.
May 7–8: an amateur production will be presented at The Questors Theatre in Ealing, London.
May 6–16: at the Lowry Theatre in Saint Paul, Minnesota, Bent will be produced by the Actor's Theatre of Minnesota.
May 26: Kidbrooke School and Specialist Arts College, London, A-level Showcase.
June 4–13: at the Rivoli Theater in South Fallsburg, New York. "Bent" was produced by the Sullivan County Dramatic Workshop and directed by Constance S. Slater. The production starred Matt Meinsen as Max, Rich Hotaling as Horst, and Jim Pillmeier as Rudy and went on to receive 4 acting awards from The Theater Association of New York State. In addition it was recognized as the drama of the year by the Times Herald Record. The production was a gift from the Arthur A. Slater Memorial Fund.
July 6 - August 8: at the Tabard Theatre following from a production at the Landor Theatre in May.
September 3 - October 9: Long Beach Shakespeare Company, Long Beach, CA, directed by Denis McCourt, MFA.[10]
October 8-October 16 Frostburg State University, Frostburg, MD directed by Linda McCulloch
2011[edit]
March; The University of Kent. The Columbia Entertainment Company, a community theatre in Columbia, Missouri.
April; El Centro College, Dallas Texas. Directed by Daniel Scott Cates. The show starred Patrick Patterson-Caroll, Benjamin Webster, Bruce Roe, Meg Hargis, Gerrardo Zubiri, Dean Armstrong and Justin Darnell.
2012[edit]
March 1-9: Hart House Theatre, Toronto, Canada. Directed by Carter West, featuring Ryan G. Hinds as Greta and Nathaniel Bacon as Wolf.
March 15–17: UEA (University of East Anglia) Studio, Norwich. Produced by the Minotaur Theatre Company. Directed by Michael Liam Dolan. Starring Tom Wingfield as Max, Jonathan Moss as Horst, Elliot Hughes as Rudy, Eliot Ruocco-Trenouth as Wolf, Ashley Fullerton as Greta and Josh Allan as Uncle Freddie.
June 1–23: Baltimore, MD. Produced by the Mobtown Players Theatre Company.
September 14–22: Somerville, MA. Produced by Theatre@First. Directed by Nick Bennett-Zendzian. Starring Jason Hair-Wynn as Max, Zach McQueary as Horst, Rocky Graziano as Rudy, John Deschene as Greta and Ben Delatizky as Uncle Freddie.
October 8–13: Lace Market Theatre, Nottingham, United Kingdom. Directed by Roger Newman. Starring Paul Johnson as Max, Damian Frendo as Horst, Lewis Brookbanks as Rudy, David Wills as Wolf, Jim Brooks as Greta and Piotr Wisniewski as Uncle Freddie.
2013[edit]
April 25–28: CalArts (California Institute of the Arts) Valencia, CA. Presented by The CalArts Coffeehouse Theater. Directed by Fran Bennett. The show starred Jeffrey Scott Basham as Max, James Michael Cowan as Horst, Mathew Joseph as Rudy, Emilio Garcia-Sanchez as Wolf, Anatoliy Ogay as Greta and Kevin Whitmire as Uncle Freddie. Widely esteemed by faculty, a professional production in Los Angeles is rumored to be coming to fruition in addition a touring this show in select cities.
October 23-27: Pace Performing Arts (Pace University) New York, NY. Presented at the Schaeberle Studio, and playing to sell-out crowds over its 7 show run. Directed by Dr. Ruis Woertendyke ("Doc"). The show starred Dominick Pate as Max, Riley Galt Suter as Horst, Jesse Keitel as Rudy, Zack Signore as Wolf, Nick Sanza as Greta and Jade Ziane as Uncle Freddie. Dane Guiffre, Thomas Hutchinson, Jake Williams, Jeremy Kreuzer, Justin Hart and Steven Brandt rounded out the cast.
International productions[edit]
Bent was premiered in French at Le Théâthe de Poche in Brussels (Belgium) in January 1980. French translation by Lena Grinda, directed by Derek Goldby, with Alain Libolt, Jean-Pierre Dauzun, Yves Deguenne, Pierre Dumaine, Fabrice Eberhard, Bernard Graczyk, Thomas Hutereau, Jean Couvrin, Tobias Kempf, Roland Mahauden. There was a rerun in September 1998.
The first production in French in Paris was in 1981, with Bruno Cremer, Jean-Pierre Sentier, Didier Sauvegrain et Jean-Claude Dreyfus.
The first production in Brazil was in 1981, at Teatro Villa Lobos (Rio de Janeiro) with José Mayer, Ricardo Blat and Paulo César Grande. Albeit the country was still under a military dictatorship. Sherman's text was presented uncensored.
A production in Liège, Belgium opened on February 1993 at Thèâtre Le Moderne, directed by Daniel Henry. There was a rerun in November 2000 with Michel Delamarre as Horst.
A production in Buenos Aires, Argentina, opened on September 2000 starring Alex Benn, Gustavo Ferrari and Gustavo Monje.
A French production in Paris opened on April 2010 for 3 months . Directed by Anne Barthel starring Michel Mora as Max, Jean Matthieu Erny as Horst, Valentin Terrer as Rudy, Philippe Renon as Greta, Matthieu Karmensky as Wolf, Gérard Cheylus as uncle Freddie, Fréderic Morel as SS gard Reopened on April 2011 for 3 months and 1 months in Avignon French Festival. This version is considered by the author as the closest of his writing.
A second production in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, opened on 2011 starring Augusto Zacchi, Gustavo Rodrigues,Augusto Garcia, Breno Pessurno, Miro Marques, Henrique Pinho, Vinicius Vommaro e Evandro Manchini.
A production in San Juan, Puerto Rico, opened in June 2012 starring Teofilo Torres, Leonardo Castro and Tony Torres.
References[edit]
1.Jump up ^ http://www.emptyspace.org/0506/aboutthespace/pastseasons.html
2.Jump up ^ http://www.theatermania.com/minneapolis/shows/bent_924/
3.Jump up ^ http://cornellsun.com/node/4379
4.Jump up ^ Toy Factory Press Room: The Straits Times LIFE! Review of Bent
5.Jump up ^ [1]
6.Jump up ^ Playbill News: Bent, with Nicholoff, Halloran, Worley and Hornsby, Begins Limited NYC Run Oct. 10
7.Jump up ^ Xtra West - The gay man's Anne Frank
8.Jump up ^ BCNG Portals Page (R)
9.Jump up ^ Mooney on Theatre Review
10.Jump up ^ Moore, Greggory. "BENT: LB SHAKESPEARE CO. FINDS THE HUMANITY IN STORY OF ITS SUPPRESSION". Greater Long Beach. Retrieved 3 June 2011.
External links[edit]
Bent at the Internet Broadway Database
Categories: 1979 in LGBT history
LGBT-related plays
Plays by Martin Sherman
Plays about Nazi Germany
Holocaust plays
Persecution of homosexuals in Nazi Germany and the Holocaust
Plays adapted into films
Navigation menu
Create account
Log in
Article
Talk
Read
Edit
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Main page
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Tools
What links here
Related changes
Upload file
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Page information
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Cite this page
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Create a book
Download as PDF
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Languages
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This page was last modified on 21 October 2014 at 17:13.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License; additional terms may apply. By using this site, you agree to the Terms of Use and Privacy Policy. Wikipedia® is a registered trademark of the Wikimedia Foundation, Inc., a non-profit organization.
Privacy policy
About Wikipedia
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Contact Wikipedia
Developers
Mobile view
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Powered by MediaWiki
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bent_(play)
Bent (play)
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to: navigation, search
Bent
Bent (theater).jpg
Poster for the Royal National Theatre's 1990 revival of Bent, starring Sir Ian McKellen
Written by
Martin Sherman
Date premiered
May 3, 1979
Place premiered
Royal Court Theatre, London
Original language
English
Subject
The persecution of homosexuals during the holocaust
Setting
Berlin, 1934 following the Night of the Long Knives
Bent is a 1979 play by Martin Sherman. It revolves around the persecution of gays in Nazi Germany, and takes place during and after the Night of the Long Knives.
The title of the play refers to the slang word "bent" used in some European countries to refer to homosexuals.[citation needed] When the play was first performed, there was only a trickle of historical research or even awareness about the Nazi persecution of homosexuals. In some regards, the play helped increase that historical research and education in the 1980s and 1990s.
The play starred Ian McKellen in its original 1979 West End production, and Richard Gere in its original 1980 Broadway production. In 1989, Sean Mathias directed a revival of the play, performed as a one-night benefit for Stonewall, featuring Ian McKellen, Richard E Grant, Ian Charleson, and Ralph Fiennes. After receiving critical acclaim, Mathias directed a full run in 1990, with Ian McKellen, Paul Rhys, and Christopher Eccleston, which won the City Limits Award for Revival of the Year.
In 1997, Martin Sherman adapted Bent into a film of the same name, which was directed by Sean Mathias.
Contents [hide]
1 Plot
2 Productions 2.1 1980 Broadway
2.2 1981
2.3 1996
2.4 2000
2.5 2001
2.6 2003
2.7 2004
2.8 2006
2.9 2007
2.10 2009
2.11 2010
2.12 2011
2.13 2012
2.14 2013
2.15 International productions
3 References
4 External links
Plot[edit]
Max, a promiscuous gay man in 1930s Berlin, is at odds with his wealthy family because of his homosexuality. One evening, much to the resentment of his boyfriend Rudy, he brings home a handsome Sturmabteilung man. Unfortunately, it is the night that Hitler orders to assassinate the upper echelon of the Sturmabteilung corps, to consolidate his power. The Sturmabteilung man is discovered and killed by SS men in Max and Rudy's apartment, and the two have to flee Berlin.
Max's uncle Freddie, who is also gay, but lives a more discreet life with rent boys to satisfy his desires, has organized new papers for Max, but Max refuses to leave his naïve boyfriend behind. As a result, Max and Rudy are found and arrested by the Gestapo and put on a train headed for Dachau concentration camp.
On the train, Rudy calls out to Max as he is taken away to be beaten, so Rudy is brought back and beaten to death by Max, who denies he knows him. Max lies to the guards, telling them that he is a Jew rather than a homosexual, because he believes his chances for survival in the camp will be better if he is not assigned the pink triangle. Max later confesses to a fellow prisoner that the guards then forced him to have intercourse with the body of a dead pre-teen girl to "prove" he was not homosexual.
In the camp, Max makes friends with Horst, who shows him the dignity that lies in acknowledging what one is. They fall in love and become lovers through their imagination and through their words. After Horst is shot by camp guards, Max puts on Horst's jacket with the pink triangle and commits suicide by grabbing an electric fence.
Productions[edit]
1980 Broadway[edit]
The show was directed by Robert Allan Ackerman, scenery by Santo Loquasto, costumes by Robert Wojewodski, lighting by Arden Fingerhut, and music by Stanley Silverman. The show featured Richard Gere as Max, David Marshall Grant as Rudy, James Remar as Wolf, Michael Gross as Greta, George Hall as Uncle Freddie, Bryan E. Clark as Officer, David Dukes as Horst, Ron Randell as Captain, and the Guards were Kai Wulff, Philip Kraus, and John Snyder.
1981[edit]
The show made its Seattle Premier at Empty Space Theater and ran through 1982.[1]
The first Toronto production of Bent was in 1981 at the Bathurst Street Theatre. It starred Richard Monette as Max, Brent Carver as Horst and Jeff Wincott as Wolf.
1996[edit]
A production of Bent ran at the Annex Theatre in Toronto, produced by Upstart Crow Theatre Company. Directed by Walter Young, the production featured Philip Cairns as Greta and Darren Stewart-Jones as Rudy.
2000[edit]
January: presented by Theater in the Round, Minneapolis, MN [2]
2001[edit]
November: presented at Cornell University by Risley Theatre, Ithaca, NY. Directed by Shira Golding, with Hans Vermy as Max. [3]
2003[edit]
July: presented by Singaporean theatre company Toy Factory Theatre Ensemble, directed by Beatrice Chia [4]
2004[edit]
October: Presented by Graeae Theatre Company, Director Jenny Sealey applies her unique approach to seamlessly fuse audio description, sign language, music and physicality to create a shattering performance. [5]
2006[edit]
December: Trafalgar Studios in London, starring Alan Cumming as Max, and Chris New as Horst.
2007[edit]
Poster for the 2007 Vancouver Revival of Bent
October: produced by the 13th Street Repertory Company in New York City. Directed by Joshua Chase Gold, and starring Ryan Nicholoff as Max and Jim Halloran as Horst, the production was received to strong reviews and sold out audiences.[6]
October 31-November 17: the Meta.for Theatre production at Performance Works in Vancouver, British Columbia, starring Seán Cummings as Max and Thrasso Petras as Horst.[7][8]
2009[edit]
January: Bent was presented in Amarillo TX by AVENUE 10, causing the theatre to be targeted by an anti-homosexual Christian group resulting in the theatre being shut down and forced to find another venue for the show.
March: Bent made its Cincinnati debut at New Stage Collective.
May: Pandora Productions of Louisville, Kentucky.
May: presented at Stanford University by STAMP, the Stanford Theatre Activist Mobilization Project, co-sponsored by the Emma Goldman Society for Queer Liberation.
June 25–30: by Theatre Engine at the Abrams Studio Theatre in Toronto.[9]
July 9-August 15: produced by Hubris Productions at the Greenhouse Theatre in Chicago, with original music by John Kamys aka Jinx Titanic from July 9 to August 15, 2009. This production was sanctioned by the United States Holocaust Memorial Museum, and a portion of the proceeds from this show benefitted the museum.
September: The Rhodes University Drama Department in Grahamstown, South Africa presented a revival of the show as a Masters Coursework examination. This production commemorated the play's 30th anniversary.
October 29-November 22: produced by Diversionary Theatre in San Diego, California in collaboration with ion theatre company.
November: Altera Vitae Productions of Canada presented the Montreal premiere in November 2009 at L'Espace 4001. Directed by Carolyn Fe, the cast included: Christopher Moore (Max), Adam Leblanc (Rudy), Vance de Waele (Horst), Serge Turcotte (Greta), Mark Waters (Uncle Freddie), Yves Jacquier (Captain).
November: produced by Fullerton College's theatre arts department.
2010[edit]
February–March: Focus Theatre presented a revival of Bent at the Belvoir St Theatre in Sydney as part of the Mardi Gras festival.
March 25: Cardinal Heenan Drama [Sam Kane & Joshua Hale] perform "Bent" In Knotty Ash Hall, Liverpool.
March: Oxford University students presented an amateur production of the show in the Keble O'Reilly Theatre.
April 27 - May 15 - Bent was performed at The Landor Theatre, London directed by Andrew Keates. Andrew Keates is the youngest director to be granted the professional rights by Martin Sherman himself to direct the play. The production was such a success, that it transferred to The Tabard Theatre, Chiswick for a further six weeks.
May 7–8: an amateur production will be presented at The Questors Theatre in Ealing, London.
May 6–16: at the Lowry Theatre in Saint Paul, Minnesota, Bent will be produced by the Actor's Theatre of Minnesota.
May 26: Kidbrooke School and Specialist Arts College, London, A-level Showcase.
June 4–13: at the Rivoli Theater in South Fallsburg, New York. "Bent" was produced by the Sullivan County Dramatic Workshop and directed by Constance S. Slater. The production starred Matt Meinsen as Max, Rich Hotaling as Horst, and Jim Pillmeier as Rudy and went on to receive 4 acting awards from The Theater Association of New York State. In addition it was recognized as the drama of the year by the Times Herald Record. The production was a gift from the Arthur A. Slater Memorial Fund.
July 6 - August 8: at the Tabard Theatre following from a production at the Landor Theatre in May.
September 3 - October 9: Long Beach Shakespeare Company, Long Beach, CA, directed by Denis McCourt, MFA.[10]
October 8-October 16 Frostburg State University, Frostburg, MD directed by Linda McCulloch
2011[edit]
March; The University of Kent. The Columbia Entertainment Company, a community theatre in Columbia, Missouri.
April; El Centro College, Dallas Texas. Directed by Daniel Scott Cates. The show starred Patrick Patterson-Caroll, Benjamin Webster, Bruce Roe, Meg Hargis, Gerrardo Zubiri, Dean Armstrong and Justin Darnell.
2012[edit]
March 1-9: Hart House Theatre, Toronto, Canada. Directed by Carter West, featuring Ryan G. Hinds as Greta and Nathaniel Bacon as Wolf.
March 15–17: UEA (University of East Anglia) Studio, Norwich. Produced by the Minotaur Theatre Company. Directed by Michael Liam Dolan. Starring Tom Wingfield as Max, Jonathan Moss as Horst, Elliot Hughes as Rudy, Eliot Ruocco-Trenouth as Wolf, Ashley Fullerton as Greta and Josh Allan as Uncle Freddie.
June 1–23: Baltimore, MD. Produced by the Mobtown Players Theatre Company.
September 14–22: Somerville, MA. Produced by Theatre@First. Directed by Nick Bennett-Zendzian. Starring Jason Hair-Wynn as Max, Zach McQueary as Horst, Rocky Graziano as Rudy, John Deschene as Greta and Ben Delatizky as Uncle Freddie.
October 8–13: Lace Market Theatre, Nottingham, United Kingdom. Directed by Roger Newman. Starring Paul Johnson as Max, Damian Frendo as Horst, Lewis Brookbanks as Rudy, David Wills as Wolf, Jim Brooks as Greta and Piotr Wisniewski as Uncle Freddie.
2013[edit]
April 25–28: CalArts (California Institute of the Arts) Valencia, CA. Presented by The CalArts Coffeehouse Theater. Directed by Fran Bennett. The show starred Jeffrey Scott Basham as Max, James Michael Cowan as Horst, Mathew Joseph as Rudy, Emilio Garcia-Sanchez as Wolf, Anatoliy Ogay as Greta and Kevin Whitmire as Uncle Freddie. Widely esteemed by faculty, a professional production in Los Angeles is rumored to be coming to fruition in addition a touring this show in select cities.
October 23-27: Pace Performing Arts (Pace University) New York, NY. Presented at the Schaeberle Studio, and playing to sell-out crowds over its 7 show run. Directed by Dr. Ruis Woertendyke ("Doc"). The show starred Dominick Pate as Max, Riley Galt Suter as Horst, Jesse Keitel as Rudy, Zack Signore as Wolf, Nick Sanza as Greta and Jade Ziane as Uncle Freddie. Dane Guiffre, Thomas Hutchinson, Jake Williams, Jeremy Kreuzer, Justin Hart and Steven Brandt rounded out the cast.
International productions[edit]
Bent was premiered in French at Le Théâthe de Poche in Brussels (Belgium) in January 1980. French translation by Lena Grinda, directed by Derek Goldby, with Alain Libolt, Jean-Pierre Dauzun, Yves Deguenne, Pierre Dumaine, Fabrice Eberhard, Bernard Graczyk, Thomas Hutereau, Jean Couvrin, Tobias Kempf, Roland Mahauden. There was a rerun in September 1998.
The first production in French in Paris was in 1981, with Bruno Cremer, Jean-Pierre Sentier, Didier Sauvegrain et Jean-Claude Dreyfus.
The first production in Brazil was in 1981, at Teatro Villa Lobos (Rio de Janeiro) with José Mayer, Ricardo Blat and Paulo César Grande. Albeit the country was still under a military dictatorship. Sherman's text was presented uncensored.
A production in Liège, Belgium opened on February 1993 at Thèâtre Le Moderne, directed by Daniel Henry. There was a rerun in November 2000 with Michel Delamarre as Horst.
A production in Buenos Aires, Argentina, opened on September 2000 starring Alex Benn, Gustavo Ferrari and Gustavo Monje.
A French production in Paris opened on April 2010 for 3 months . Directed by Anne Barthel starring Michel Mora as Max, Jean Matthieu Erny as Horst, Valentin Terrer as Rudy, Philippe Renon as Greta, Matthieu Karmensky as Wolf, Gérard Cheylus as uncle Freddie, Fréderic Morel as SS gard Reopened on April 2011 for 3 months and 1 months in Avignon French Festival. This version is considered by the author as the closest of his writing.
A second production in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, opened on 2011 starring Augusto Zacchi, Gustavo Rodrigues,Augusto Garcia, Breno Pessurno, Miro Marques, Henrique Pinho, Vinicius Vommaro e Evandro Manchini.
A production in San Juan, Puerto Rico, opened in June 2012 starring Teofilo Torres, Leonardo Castro and Tony Torres.
References[edit]
1.Jump up ^ http://www.emptyspace.org/0506/aboutthespace/pastseasons.html
2.Jump up ^ http://www.theatermania.com/minneapolis/shows/bent_924/
3.Jump up ^ http://cornellsun.com/node/4379
4.Jump up ^ Toy Factory Press Room: The Straits Times LIFE! Review of Bent
5.Jump up ^ [1]
6.Jump up ^ Playbill News: Bent, with Nicholoff, Halloran, Worley and Hornsby, Begins Limited NYC Run Oct. 10
7.Jump up ^ Xtra West - The gay man's Anne Frank
8.Jump up ^ BCNG Portals Page (R)
9.Jump up ^ Mooney on Theatre Review
10.Jump up ^ Moore, Greggory. "BENT: LB SHAKESPEARE CO. FINDS THE HUMANITY IN STORY OF ITS SUPPRESSION". Greater Long Beach. Retrieved 3 June 2011.
External links[edit]
Bent at the Internet Broadway Database
Categories: 1979 in LGBT history
LGBT-related plays
Plays by Martin Sherman
Plays about Nazi Germany
Holocaust plays
Persecution of homosexuals in Nazi Germany and the Holocaust
Plays adapted into films
Navigation menu
Create account
Log in
Article
Talk
Read
Edit
View history
Main page
Contents
Featured content
Current events
Random article
Donate to Wikipedia
Wikimedia Shop
Interaction
Help
About Wikipedia
Community portal
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http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bent_(play)
Category:Persecution of homosexuals in Nazi Germany and the Holocaust
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to: navigation, search
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Persecution of homosexuals in the Holocaust.
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The main article for this categoryis Persecution of homosexuals in Nazi Germany and the Holocaust.
Pages in category "Persecution of homosexuals in Nazi Germany and the Holocaust"
The following 24 pages are in this category, out of 24 total. This list may not reflect recent changes (learn more).
Persecution of homosexuals in Nazi Germany and the Holocaust
A
Joseph Friedrich Abert
B
Bent (play)
Black triangle (badge)
H
Wilhelm Heckmann
Karl-Günther Heimsoth
Kurt Hiller
Adolf Hitler
H cont.
Homomonument
I
Institut für Sexualwissenschaft
L
A Love to Hide
M
Memorial to gay and lesbian victims of National Socialism
Memorial to Homosexuals Persecuted Under Nazism
P
Paragraph 175
Paragraph 175 (film)
Pink triangle
P cont.
Pink Triangle Park
R
Reich Central Office for the Combating of Homosexuality and Abortion
Carl-Heinz Rodenberg
S
Johannes Heinrich Schultz
Pierre Seel
Sex brennt (exhibition)
Sydney Gay and Lesbian Holocaust Memorial
V
Carl Værnet
Categories: 1930s in LGBT history
1940s in LGBT history
LGBT history in Germany
Violence against LGBT people
Society in Nazi Germany
Persecution of LGBT people
The Holocaust
Hidden categories: Commons category with local link same as on Wikidata
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This page was last modified on 1 May 2014 at 02:39.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License; additional terms may apply. By using this site, you agree to the Terms of Useand Privacy Policy. Wikipedia® is a registered trademark of the Wikimedia Foundation, Inc., a non-profit organization.
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http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Persecution_of_homosexuals_in_Nazi_Germany_and_the_Holocaust
Category:Persecution of homosexuals in Nazi Germany and the Holocaust
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to: navigation, search
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Persecution of homosexuals in the Holocaust.
Portal icon LGBT portal
The main article for this category is Persecution of homosexuals in Nazi Germany and the Holocaust.
Pages in category "Persecution of homosexuals in Nazi Germany and the Holocaust"
The following 24 pages are in this category, out of 24 total. This list may not reflect recent changes (learn more).
Persecution of homosexuals in Nazi Germany and the Holocaust
A
Joseph Friedrich Abert
B
Bent (play)
Black triangle (badge)
H
Wilhelm Heckmann
Karl-Günther Heimsoth
Kurt Hiller
Adolf Hitler
H cont.
Homomonument
I
Institut für Sexualwissenschaft
L
A Love to Hide
M
Memorial to gay and lesbian victims of National Socialism
Memorial to Homosexuals Persecuted Under Nazism
P
Paragraph 175
Paragraph 175 (film)
Pink triangle
P cont.
Pink Triangle Park
R
Reich Central Office for the Combating of Homosexuality and Abortion
Carl-Heinz Rodenberg
S
Johannes Heinrich Schultz
Pierre Seel
Sex brennt (exhibition)
Sydney Gay and Lesbian Holocaust Memorial
V
Carl Værnet
Categories: 1930s in LGBT history
1940s in LGBT history
LGBT history in Germany
Violence against LGBT people
Society in Nazi Germany
Persecution of LGBT people
The Holocaust
Hidden categories: Commons category with local link same as on Wikidata
Navigation menu
Create account
Log in
Category
Talk
Read
Edit
View history
Main page
Contents
Featured content
Current events
Random article
Donate to Wikipedia
Wikimedia Shop
Interaction
Help
About Wikipedia
Community portal
Recent changes
Contact page
Tools
What links here
Related changes
Upload file
Special pages
Permanent link
Page information
Wikidata item
Print/export
Create a book
Download as PDF
Printable version
Languages
Español
Français
Italiano
עברית
Polski
Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски
Türkçe
Edit links
This page was last modified on 1 May 2014 at 02:39.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License; additional terms may apply. By using this site, you agree to the Terms of Use and Privacy Policy. Wikipedia® is a registered trademark of the Wikimedia Foundation, Inc., a non-profit organization.
Privacy policy
About Wikipedia
Disclaimers
Contact Wikipedia
Developers
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Wikimedia Foundation
Powered by MediaWiki
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Persecution_of_homosexuals_in_Nazi_Germany_and_the_Holocaust
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