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Michael Jackson

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For other people named Michael Jackson, see Michael Jackson (disambiguation).

Michael Jackson
Michael Jackson in 1988.jpg
Jackson performing in 1988, during the Bad world tour.

Born
Michael Joseph Jackson
August 29, 1958
Gary, Indiana, U.S.
Died
June 25, 2009 (aged 50)
Los Angeles, California, U.S.

Cause of death
 Cardiac arrest induced by propofol and benzodiazepine intoxication

Resting place
 Glendale, California, U.S.
Residence
Los Olivos, California, U.S.
Other names
Michael Joe Jackson
Occupation
Singer ·
 songwriter ·
 dancer ·
 actor ·
 record producer ·
 businessman ·
 philanthropist
 
Net worth
Increase U.S. $1.178 billion (2009 estimate)[1]
Religion
Jehovah's Witness (1965–1987)
 Christianity (1987–2009)
Spouse(s)
Lisa Marie Presley
 (m. 1994–1996; divorced)
Deborah Jeanne Rowe
 (m. 1996–1999; divorced)

Children
Michael Joseph Jackson, Jr.
 Paris-Michael Katherine Jackson
 Prince Michael Jackson II
Parent(s)
Joseph Walter Jackson
Katherine Esther Scruse
Musical career
Genres
Pop ·
 dance-pop ·
 R&B ·
 disco ·
 post-disco ·
 rock ·
 new jack swing
 
Instruments
Vocals
 
Years active
1964–2009
Labels
Steeltown ·
 Motown ·
 Epic ·
 Legacy ·
 MJJ Productions
 
Associated acts
The Jackson 5
Signature
Michael Jackson's signature
Michael Joseph Jackson[2][3] (August 29, 1958 – June 25, 2009) was an American singer, songwriter, record producer, dancer, and actor. Called the King of Pop,[4][5] his contributions to music and dance, along with his publicized personal life, made him a global figure in popular culture for over four decades.
The eighth child of the Jackson family, he debuted on the professional music scene along with his elder brothers Jackie, Tito, Jermaine, and Marlon as a member of the Jackson 5 in 1964, and began his solo career in 1971. In the early 1980s, Jackson became a dominant figure in popular music. The music videos for his songs, including those of "Beat It", "Billie Jean", and "Thriller", were credited with breaking down racial barriers and with transforming the medium into an art form and promotional tool. The popularity of these videos helped to bring the then-relatively-new television channel MTV to fame. With videos such as "Black or White" and "Scream", he continued to innovate the medium throughout the 1990s, as well as forging a reputation as a touring solo artist. Through stage and video performances, Jackson popularized a number of complicated dance techniques, such as the robot and the moonwalk, to which he gave the name. His distinctive sound and style has influenced numerous hip hop, post-disco, contemporary R&B, pop, and rock artists.
Jackson's 1982 album Thriller is the best selling album of all time. His other albums, including Off the Wall (1979), Bad (1987), Dangerous (1991), and HIStory (1995), also rank among the world's best selling albums. Jackson is one of the few artists to have been inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame twice. He was also inducted into the Songwriters Hall of Fame and the Dance Hall of Fame as the first and only dancer from pop and rock music. His other achievements include multiple Guinness World Records; 13 Grammy Awards, as well as the Grammy Legend Award and the Grammy Lifetime Achievement Award; 26 American Music Awards—more than any other artist—including the "Artist of the Century" and "Artist of the 1980s"; 13 number-one singles in the United States during his solo career, more than any other male artist in the Hot 100 era; and the estimated sale of over 400 million records worldwide.[Note 1] Jackson has won hundreds of awards, making him the most awarded recording artist in the history of popular music.[6] Jackson became the first artist in history to have a top ten single in the Billboard Hot 100 in five different decades when "Love Never Felt So Good" reached number nine on May 21, 2014.[7] Jackson traveled the world attending events honoring his humanitarianism, and, in 2000, the Guinness World Records recognized him for supporting 39 charities, more than any other entertainer.[8]
Aspects of Jackson's personal life, including his changing appearance, personal relationships, and behavior, generated controversy. In the mid-1990s, he was accused of child sexual abuse, but the civil case was settled out of court for an undisclosed amount and no formal charges were brought.[9] In 2005, he was tried and acquitted of further child sexual abuse allegations and several other charges after the jury found him not guilty on all counts. While preparing for his comeback concert series titled This Is It, Jackson died of acute propofol and benzodiazepine intoxication on June 25, 2009, after suffering from cardiac arrest. The Los Angeles County Coroner ruled his death a homicide, and his personal physician Conrad Murray was convicted of involuntary manslaughter. Jackson's death triggered a global outpouring of grief and a live broadcast of his public memorial service was viewed around the world.[10]


Contents  [hide]
1 Life and career 1.1 1958–75: Early life and The Jackson 5
1.2 1975–81: Move to Epic and Off the Wall
1.3 1982–83: Thriller and Motown 25: Yesterday, Today, Forever
1.4 1984–85: Pepsi, "We Are the World", and business career
1.5 1986–90: Appearance, tabloids, Bad, films, autobiography, and Neverland
1.6 1991–93: Dangerous, Heal the World Foundation, and Super Bowl XXVII
1.7 1993–94: First child sexual abuse allegations and first marriage
1.8 1995–99: HIStory, second marriage, and fatherhood
1.9 2000–03: Label dispute and Invincible
1.10 2003–05: Second child sexual abuse allegations and acquittal
1.11 2006–09: Closure of Neverland, final years, and This Is It
2 Death and memorial 2.1 Aftermath
3 Artistry 3.1 Influences
3.2 Musical themes and genres
3.3 Vocal style
3.4 Music videos and choreography
4 Legacy and influence
5 Honors and awards
6 Earnings and wealth 6.1 U.S. Federal estate tax problems
7 Discography
8 Filmography
9 Tours
10 See also
11 Notes
12 References 12.1 Citations
12.2 Sources
13 External links

Life and career
1958–75: Early life and The Jackson 5

The single-storey house has white walls, two windows, a central white door with a black door frame, and a black roof. In front of the house there is a walk way and multiple colored flowers and memorabilia.

 Jackson's childhood home in Gary, Indiana, showing floral tributes after his death
Michael Joseph Jackson was born on August 29, 1958. He was the eighth of ten children in an African-American working-class family who lived in a two-bedroom house in Gary, Indiana, an industrial city and a part of the Chicago metropolitan area.[11][12] His mother, Katherine Esther Scruse, was a devout Jehovah's Witness. She once aspired to be a country and western performer who played clarinet and piano, but worked part-time at Sears to help support the family.[13] His father, Joseph Walter "Joe" Jackson, a former boxer, was a steelworker at U.S. Steel. Joe also performed on guitar with a local R&B band called The Falcons to supplement the family's household income.[14] Michael grew up with three sisters (Rebbie, La Toya, and Janet) and five brothers (Jackie, Tito, Jermaine, Marlon, and Randy).[15] A sixth brother, Marlon's elder twin Brandon, died shortly after birth.[16]
Jackson had a troubled relationship with his father, Joe.[17][18] In 2003, Joe acknowledged that he regularly whipped Jackson as a boy.[19] Joe was also said to have verbally abused his son, often saying that he had a "fat nose".[20] Jackson stated that he was physically and emotionally abused during incessant rehearsals, though he also credited his father's strict discipline with playing a large role in his success.[17] Speaking openly about his childhood in an interview with Oprah Winfrey, broadcast in February 1993, Jackson acknowledged that his youth had been lonely and isolating.[21] Jackson's deep dissatisfaction with his appearance, his nightmares and chronic sleep problems, his tendency to remain hyper-compliant, especially with his father, and to remain childlike throughout his adult life, are consistent with the effects of the maltreatment he endured as a young child.[22]
In an interview with Martin Bashir, later included in the 2003 broadcast of Living with Michael Jackson, Jackson acknowledged that his father hurt him when he was a child, recalling that Joseph often sat in a chair with a belt in his hand as he and his siblings rehearsed, and that "if you didn't do it the right way, he would tear you up, really get you."[23][24] Both of Jackson's parents have disagreed with the longstanding allegations of abuse, with Katherine stating that while the whippings are considered abuse today, such action was a common way to discipline children back then.[25][26][27] Jackie, Tito, Jermaine and Marlon have also said that their father is not abusive, but rather misunderstood.[28]



 Jackson (center) as a member of The Jackson 5 in 1972
In 1965, Michael and Marlon joined the Jackson Brothers—a band formed by their father and which included brothers Jackie, Tito, and Jermaine—as backup musicians playing congas and tambourine. In 1966, Jackson began sharing lead vocals with his older brother Jermaine, and the group's name was changed to The Jackson 5.[15] That following year, the group won a major local talent show with Jackson performing James Brown's "I Got You (I Feel Good)".[29] From 1966 to 1968 the band toured the Midwest, frequently performing at a string of black clubs known as the "chitlin' circuit" as the opening act for R&B artists that included Sam and Dave, The O'Jays, Gladys Knight, and Etta James. The Jackson 5 also performed at clubs and cocktail lounges, where striptease shows and other adult acts were featured, and at local auditoriums and high school dances.[30][31] In August 1967, while touring the East coast, the group won a weekly amateur night concert at The Apollo Theater in Harlem.[32]
The Jackson 5 recorded several songs, including "Big Boy" (1968), their first single, for Steeltown Records, a Gary, Indiana, record label,[33] before signing with Motown Records in 1969.[15] The Jackson 5 left Gary in 1969 and relocated to the Los Angeles area, where they continued to record music for Motown.[34] Rolling Stone magazine later described the young Michael as "a prodigy" with "overwhelming musical gifts," writing that he "quickly emerged as the main draw and lead singer."[35] The group set a chart record when its first four singles—"I Want You Back" (1969), "ABC" (1970), "The Love You Save" (1970), and "I'll Be There" (1970)—peaked at number one on the Billboard Hot 100.[15] In May 1971, the Jackson family moved into a large home on two-acre estate in Encino, California,[36] where Michael evolved from child performer into a teen idol.[37] As Jackson began to emerge as a solo performer in the early 1970s, he continued to maintain ties to The Jackson 5 and Motown. Between 1972, when his solo career began, and 1975, Michael released four solo studio albums with Motown: Got to Be There (1972), Ben (1972), Music and Me (1973), and Forever, Michael (1975).[38] "Got to Be There" and "Ben", the title tracks from his first two solo albums, produced successful singles, as did a remake of Bobby Day's "Rockin' Robin".[39]
The Jackson 5 were later described as "a cutting-edge example of black crossover artists."[40] Although the group's sales began declining in 1973, and the band members chafed under Motown's refusal to allow them creative control or input, they continued to score several top 40 hits, including the top five single, "Dancing Machine" (1974), before the group left Motown in 1975.[41]
1975–81: Move to Epic and Off the Wall
In June 1975, the Jackson 5 signed with Epic Records, a subsidiary of CBS Records,[41] and renamed themselves the Jacksons. Younger brother Randy formally joined the band around this time, while Jermaine chose to stay with Motown and pursue a solo career.[42] The Jacksons continued to tour internationally, and released six more albums between 1976 and 1984. Michael, the group's lead songwriter during this time, wrote hits such as "Shake Your Body (Down to the Ground)" (1979), "This Place Hotel" (1980), and "Can You Feel It" (1980).[29] Jackson's work in film began in 1978, when he starred as the Scarecrow in The Wiz, a musical directed by Sidney Lumet that also starred Diana Ross, Nipsey Russell, and Ted Ross.[43] The film was a box-office disaster.[44] While working on the film Jackson met Quincy Jones, who was arranging the film's musical score, and Jones agreed to produce Jackson's next solo album, Off the Wall.[45] In 1979, Jackson broke his nose during a complex dance routine. His subsequent rhinoplasty was not a complete success; he complained of breathing difficulties that would affect his career. He was referred to Dr. Steven Hoefflin, who performed Jackson's second rhinoplasty and subsequent operations.[46]
Off the Wall (1979), which Jones and Jackson co-produced, established Jackson as a solo performer. The album helped Jackson transition from the "bubblegum pop" of his youth to the more complex sounds he would create as an adult.[47] Songwriters for the album included Jackson, Rod Temperton, Stevie Wonder, and Paul McCartney. Off the Wall was the first solo album to generate four top 10 hits in the United States: "Off the Wall", "She’s Out of My Life", and the chart-topping singles "Don't Stop 'til You Get Enough" and "Rock with You".[48][49] The album reached number three on the Billboard 200 and eventually sold over 20 million copies worldwide.[50] In 1980, Jackson won three awards at the American Music Awards for his solo efforts: Favorite Soul/R&B Album, Favorite Soul/R&B Male Artist, and Favorite Soul/R&B Single for "Don't Stop 'Til You Get Enough".[51][52] He also won Billboard Year-End awards for Top Black Artist and Top Black Album, and a Grammy Award for Best Male R&B Vocal Performance for 1979 with "Don't Stop 'Til You Get Enough".[48] In 1981 Jackson was the American Music Awards winner for Favorite Soul/R&B Album and Favorite Soul/R&B Male Artist.[53] Despite its commercial success, Jackson felt Off the Wall should have made a much bigger impact, and was determined to exceed expectations with his next release.[54] In 1980, he secured the highest royalty rate in the music industry: 37 percent of wholesale album profit.[55]
1982–83: Thriller and Motown 25: Yesterday, Today, Forever
In 1982, Jackson combined his interests in songwriting and film when he contributed the song "Someone In the Dark" to the storybook for the film E.T. the Extra-Terrestrial. The song, with Quincy Jones as its producer, won a Grammy for Best Recording for Children for 1983.[56] Even more success came after the release of Thriller in late 1982. The album earned Jackson seven more Grammys[56] and eight American Music Awards, including the Award of Merit, the youngest artist to win it.[57]
"Thriller" was the best-selling album worldwide in 1983.[58][59] It became the best-selling album of all time in the United States,[60] and the best-selling album of all time worldwide, selling an estimated 65 million copies.[61] The album topped the Billboard 200 chart for 37 weeks and was in the top 10 of the 200 for 80 consecutive weeks. It was the first album to have seven Billboard Hot 100 top 10 singles, including "Billie Jean", "Beat It", and "Wanna Be Startin' Somethin'".[62] In March 2009 Thriller was certified for 29 million shipments by the RIAA,[63] giving it Double Diamond status in the United States. Thriller won Jackson and Quincy Jones the Grammy award for Producer of the Year (Non-Classical) for 1983. It also won Album of the Year, with Jackson as the album’s artist and Jones as its co-producer, and a Best Pop Vocal Performance, Male, award for Jackson. "Beat It" won Record of the Year, with Jackson as artist and Jones as co-producer, and a Best Rock Vocal Performance, Male, award for Jackson. "Billie Jean" won Jackson two Grammy awards, Best R&B Song, with Jackson as its songwriter, and Best R&B Vocal Performance, Male, as its artist.[56] Thriller also won another Grammy for Best Engineered Recording – Non Classical in 1984, awarding Bruce Swedien for his work on the album.[64] The AMA Awards for 1984 provided Jackson with an Award of Merit and AMAs for Favorite Male Artist, Soul/R&B, and Favorite Male Artist, Pop/Rock. "Beat It" won Jackson AMAs for Favorite Video, Soul/R&B, Favorite Video, Pop/Rock, and Favorite Single, Pop/Rock. Thriller won him AMAs for Favorite Album, Soul/R&B, and Favorite Album, Pop/Rock.[57][65]
In addition to the award-winning album, Jackson released "Thriller", a fourteen-minute music video short directed by John Landis, in 1983.[66] It "defined music videos and broke racial barriers" on the Music Television Channel (MTV), a fledgling entertainment television channel at the time.[47] In December 2009, the Library of Congress selected the music video for "Thriller" for inclusion in the National Film Registry. It was one of twenty-five films named that year as "works of enduring importance to American culture" that would be "preserved for all time."[67][68] The zombie-themed "Thriller" is the first and, as of 2009, the only music video to be inducted into the registry.[66][68][69]
Jackson's attorney John Branca noted that Jackson had the highest royalty rate in the music industry at that point: approximately $2 for every album sold. He was also making record-breaking profits from sales of his recordings. The videocassette of the documentary The Making of Michael Jackson's Thriller sold over 350,000 copies in a few months. The era saw the arrival of novelties like dolls modeled after Michael Jackson, which appeared in stores in May 1984 at a price of $12.[70] Biographer J. Randy Taraborrelli writes that, "Thriller stopped selling like a leisure item—like a magazine, a toy, tickets to a hit movie—and started selling like a household staple."[71] In 1985, The Making of Michael Jackson's Thriller won a Grammy for Best Music Video, Longform.[56] Time described Jackson's influence at that point as "Star of records, radio, rock video. A one-man rescue team for the music business. A songwriter who sets the beat for a decade. A dancer with the fanciest feet on the street. A singer who cuts across all boundaries of taste and style and color too".[70] The New York Times wrote that, "in the world of pop music, there is Michael Jackson and there is everybody else".[72]
A defining point in Jackson's career took place on March 25, 1983, when Michael reunited with his brothers for a legendary live performance, which was taped at the Pasadena Civic Auditorium, for Motown 25: Yesterday, Today, Forever, an NBC television special. The show aired on May 16, 1983, to an estimated audience of 47 million viewers, and featured the Jacksons and other Motown stars.[73] The show is best remembered for Jackson's solo performance of "Billie Jean", which earned Jackson his first Emmy nomination.[74] Wearing a distinctive black-sequined jacket and a golf glove decorated with rhinestones, he debuted his signature dance move, the moonwalk, which former Soul Train dancer and Shalamar member Jeffrey Daniel had taught him three years earlier.[75] Jackson originally turned down the invitation to perform at the show, believing he had been doing too much television at the time. However at the request of Berry Gordy, Jackson relented and agreed to perform at the show in exchange for time to do a solo performance.[76] According to Rolling Stones reporter Mikal Gilmore, "There are times when you know you are hearing or seeing something extraordinary...that came that night."[37] Jackson's performance drew comparisons to Elvis Presley's and The Beatles' appearances on The Ed Sullivan Show.[77] Anna Kisselgoff of The New York Times later wrote, "The moonwalk that he made famous is an apt metaphor for his dance style. How does he do it? As a technician, he is a great illusionist, a genuine mime. His ability to keep one leg straight as he glides while the other bends and seems to walk requires perfect timing."[78] Berry Gordy said of the performance, "from the first beat of Billie Jean, I was mesmerized, and when he did his iconic moonwalk, I was shocked, it was magic, Michael Jackson went into orbit, and never came down."[79]
1984–85: Pepsi, "We Are the World", and business career
By the mid-1980s Jackson's award-winning musical career contributed to his commercial appeal, which proved to be substantial. In November 1983 Jackson, along with his brothers, partnered with PepsiCo in a $5 million promotional deal that broke advertising industry records for a celebrity endorsement. The first Pepsi campaign, which ran in the United States from 1983 to 1984 and launched its "New Generation" theme, included advertising, tour sponsorship, public relations events, and in-store displays. Jackson, who was actively involved in creating the iconic Pepsi advertisement, suggested using his song, "Billie Jean", as its musical jingle with a revised chorus.[80] According a Billboard report in 2009, Brian J. Murphy, executive VP of branded management at TBA Global, commented, "You couldn’t separate the tour from the endorsement from the licensing of the music, and then the integration of the music into the Pepsi fabric."[80]
On January 27, 1984, Michael and other members of the Jacksons filmed a Pepsi Cola commercial that was overseen by executive Phil Dusenberry,[81] a BBDO ad agency executive, and Alan Pottasch, Pepsi's Worldwide Creative Director, at the Shrine Auditorium in Los Angeles. In front of a full house of fans during a simulated concert, pyrotechnics accidentally set Jackson's hair on fire, causing second-degree burns to his scalp. Jackson underwent treatment to hide the scars on his scalp, and had his third rhinoplasty shortly thereafter.[46] Pepsi settled out of court, and Jackson donated his $1.5 million settlement to the Brotman Medical Center in Culver City, California. Its Michael Jackson Burn Center is named in his honor.[82] Dusenberry later recounted the episode in his memoir, Then We Set His Hair on Fire: Insights and Accidents from a Hall of Fame Career in Advertising. Jackson signed a second agreement with Pepsi in the late 1980s for a reported $10 million. The second campaign had a global reach to more than twenty countries and provided financial support for Jackson's Bad album and his world tour in 1987–88.[80] Although Jackson had endorsements and advertising deals with other companies, such as L.A. Gear, Suzuki, and Sony, none were as significant as his deals with Pepsi, which later signed other music stars such as Britney Spears and Beyoncé to promote its products.[80][80][83]

President Reagan wearing a suit and tie stands at a podium and turns to smile at Mrs Reagan, who is wearing a white outfit, and Jackson, who is wearing a white shirt with a blue jacket and a yellow strap across his chest.

 Jackson at the White House being presented with an award by President Ronald Reagan and first lady Nancy Reagan, 1984
Jackson’s humanitarian work was recognized on May 14, 1984, when he was invited to the White House to receive an award from President Ronald Reagan for his support of charities that helped people overcome alcohol and drug abuse,[84] and in recognition of his support for the Ad Council's and the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration's Drunk Driving Prevention campaign. Jackson donated the use of "Beat It" for the campaign's public service announcements.[85]
Unlike later albums, Thriller did not have an official tour to promote it, but the Victory Tour of 1984 headlined The Jacksons and showcased much of Jackson's new solo material to more than two million Americans. It was the last tour he would do with his brothers.[86] Following a controversy over the concert's ticket sales, Jackson held a press conference and announced that he would donate his share of the proceeds from the Victory Tour, an estimated $3 to 5 million, to charity.[87][88] Jackson's charitable work and humanitarian awards continued with the release of "We Are the World" (1985), which he co-wrote with Lionel Richie.[89] Released worldwide in March 1985 to aid the poor in the United States and Africa, the song earned $63 million for famine relief,[90] and became one of the best-selling singles of all time, with nearly 20 million copies sold. "We Are the World" won four Grammys for 1985, including Song of the Year going to Jackson and Richie as its co-songwriters.[89] Although the American Music Award directors removed the charity song from the competition because they felt it would be inappropriate, the AMA show in 1986 concluded with a tribute to the song in honor of its first anniversary. (The song was recorded on January 28, 1985).[91] The project's creators received two special AMA honors: one for the creation of the song and another for the USA for Africa idea. Jackson, Quincy Jones, and entertainment promoter Ken Kragan received special awards for their roles in creation of the song.[91][92][93][94]
Jackson's financial interests in the music publishing business expanded after collaborating with Paul McCartney in the early 1980s. He subsequently learned that McCartney made approximately $40 million a year from other people's songs.[90] By 1983 Jackson had begun investing in publishing rights to songs that others had written, but he was careful with his acquisitions, only bidding on a few of the dozens that were offered to him. Jackson’s early acquisitions of music catalogs and song copyrights such as the Sly Stone collection included "Everyday People" (1968), Len Barry's "1–2–3" (1965), and Dion DiMucci's "The Wanderer" (1961) and "Runaround Sue" (1961); however, Jackson's most significant purchase came in 1985, when he acquired the publishing rights to ATV Music Publishing after months of negotiation.[90] ATV had acquired the publishing rights to nearly 4000 songs, including the Northern Songs catalog that contained the majority of the Lennon–McCartney compositions recorded by The Beatles.[95]
In 1984, Robert Holmes à Court, the wealthy Australian investor who owned ATV Music Publishing, announced he was putting the ATV catalog up for sale.[95] In 1981,[96] McCartney was offered the ATV music catalog for £20 million ($40 million).[90][97] According to McCartney, he contacted Yoko Ono about making a joint purchase by splitting the cost at £10 million each, but Ono thought they could buy it for £5 million each.[90][97] When they were unable to make a joint purchase, McCartney, who did not want to be the sole owner of the Beatles' songs, did not pursue an offer on his own.[96][97] According to a negotiator for Holmes à Court in the 1984 sale, "We had given Paul McCartney first right of refusal but Paul didn't want it at that time."[98]
Jackson was first informed about the sale by his attorney, John Branca, in September 1984.[95] An attorney for McCartney also assured Branca that McCartney was not interested in bidding. McCartney reportedly said "It's too pricey",[90][96] but several other companies and investors were interested in bidding. Jackson submitted a bid of $46 million on November 20, 1984.[95] His agents thought they had a deal several times, but encountered new bidders or new areas of debate. In May 1985, Jackson's team walked away from talks after having spent more than $1 million and four months of due diligence work on the negotiations.[95] In June 1985 Jackson and Branca learned that Charles Koppelman's and Marty Bandier's The Entertainment Company had made a tentative agreement with Holmes à Court to buy ATV Music for $50 million; however, in early August, Holmes à Court's team contacted Jackson and talks resumed. Jackson raised his bid to $47.5 million, which was accepted because he could close the deal more quickly, having already completed due diligence of ATV Music.[95] Jackson also agreed to visit Holmes à Court in Australia, where he would appear on the Channel Seven Perth Telethon.[98] Jackson's purchase of ATV Music was finalized on August 10, 1985.[95]
1986–90: Appearance, tabloids, Bad, films, autobiography, and Neverland
See also: Michael Jackson's health and appearance
Jackson's skin had been a medium-brown color for the entire duration of his youth, but starting in the mid-1980s, it gradually grew paler. The change gained widespread media coverage, including rumors that he might be bleaching his skin.[99] According to J. Randy Taraborrelli's biography, in 1986, Jackson was diagnosed with vitiligo which Taroberrelli noted, may be a consequence of skin bleaching. Taraborelli claimed Jackson was diagnosed with lupus; the vitiligo partially lightened his skin, and the lupus was in remission; both illnesses made him sensitive to sunlight. The treatments he used for his condition further lightened his skin tone, and, with the application of pancake makeup to even out blotches, he could appear very pale.[100] Jackson was also diagnosed with vitiligo in his autopsy though not with lupus.[101]
Jackson claimed that he had only two rhinoplasties and no other surgery on his face, although at one point he mentioned having a dimple created in his chin. Jackson lost weight in the early 1980s because of a change in diet and a desire for "a dancer's body".[102] Witnesses reported that he was often dizzy and speculated that he was suffering from anorexia nervosa; periods of weight loss would become a recurring problem later in life.[103]
During the course of his treatment, Jackson made two close friends: his dermatologist, Dr. Arnold Klein, and Klein's nurse Debbie Rowe. Rowe eventually became Jackson's second wife and the mother of his two eldest children. He also relied heavily on Klein for medical and business advice.[104]
Jackson became the subject of increasingly sensational reports. In 1986, the tabloids ran a story claiming that Jackson slept in a hyperbaric oxygen chamber to slow the aging process; he was pictured lying down in a glass box. Although the claim was untrue, according to tabloid reports that are widely cited, Jackson had disseminated the fabricated story himself.[105] When Jackson bought a chimpanzee called Bubbles from a laboratory, he was reported to be increasingly detached from reality.[106] It was reported that Jackson had offered to buy the bones of Joseph Merrick (the "elephant man") and although untrue, Jackson did not deny the story.[107] Although initially he saw these stories as opportunities for publicity, he stopped leaking untruths to the press as they became more sensational. Consequently the media began making up their own stories.[105][108][109] These reports became embedded in the public consciousness, inspiring the nickname "Wacko Jacko", which Jackson came to despise.[110] Responding to the gossip, Jackson remarked to Taraborrelli:

Why not just tell people I'm an alien from Mars? Tell them I eat live chickens and do a voodoo dance at midnight. They'll believe anything you say, because you're a reporter. But if I, Michael Jackson, were to say, "I'm an alien from Mars and I eat live chickens and do a voodoo dance at midnight," people would say, "Oh, man, that Michael Jackson is nuts. He's cracked up. You can't believe a single word that comes out of his mouth."[111]

A black jacket with five round golden medals on its left and right shoulders, a gold band on its left arm sleeve, and two belt straps on the right bottom sleeve. Underneath the jacket is a golden belt, with a round ornament in its center.

 Jackson wore a gold-plated military style jacket with belt during the Bad era
Jackson collaborated with George Lucas and Francis Ford Coppola on the 17-minute 3-D film Captain EO, which debuted in September 1986 at both the original Disneyland and at EPCOT in Florida, and in March 1987 at Tokyo Disneyland. The $30 million movie was a popular attraction at all three parks. A Captain EO attraction was later featured at Euro Disneyland after that park opened in 1992. All four parks' Captain EO installations stayed open well into the 1990s: the Paris installation was the last one to close, in 1998.[112] The attraction would later return to Disneyland in 2010 after Jackson's death.[113]
In 1987, Jackson disassociated himself from the Jehovah's Witnesses, in response to their disapproval of the Thriller video.[114] With the industry expecting another major hit, Jackson's first album in five years, Bad (1987), was highly anticipated.[115] It did not top Thriller as a commercial or artistic triumph, but Bad was still a substantial success in its own right.



 Jackson performing in 1988
The Bad album spawned seven hit singles in the U.S., five of which ("I Just Can't Stop Loving You", "Bad", "The Way You Make Me Feel", "Man in the Mirror" and "Dirty Diana") reached number one on the Billboard Hot 100 charts. This was a record for most number one Hot 100 singles from any one album, including Thriller.[116] Although the title track's video was arguably derivative of the video for the earlier single "Beat It", the "Bad" video still proved to be one of Jackson's iconic moments. It was a gritty but colorful epic set against the backdrop of the New York City Subway system, with costuming and choreography inspired by West Side Story. As of 2012, the album sold between 30 to 45 million copies worldwide.[117][118][119][120][121][122] Thanks to the Bad album, Bruce Swedien, and Humberto Gatica won one Grammy in 1988 for Best Engineered Recording – Non Classical and Michael Jackson won one Grammy for Best Music Video, Short Form for "Leave Me Alone" in 1989.[56][64] In the same year, Jackson won an Award of Achievement at the American Music Awards because Bad is the first album ever to generate five number one singles in the U.S., the first album to top in 25 countries and the best-selling album worldwide in 1987 and in 1988.[123][124][125][126] In 1988, "Bad" won an American Music Award for Favorite Soul/R&B Single.[127]
The Bad world tour began on September 12 that year, finishing on January 14, 1989.[128] In Japan alone, the tour had 14 sellouts and drew 570,000 people, nearly tripling the previous record of 200,000 in a single tour.[129] Jackson broke a Guinness World Record when 504,000 people attended seven sold-out shows at Wembley Stadium.[130] He performed a total of 123 concerts to an audience of 4.4 million people.[131][132] The Bad Tour turned out to be the last of Jackson's concert tours to include shows in the continental United States, although later tours did make it to Hawaii.
In 1988, Jackson released his only autobiography, Moonwalk, which took four years to complete and sold 200,000 copies.[133] Jackson wrote about his childhood, The Jackson 5, and the abuse he had suffered.[134] He also wrote about his facial appearance, saying he had had two rhinoplastic surgeries and a dimple created in his chin.[102] He attributed much of the change in the structure of his face to puberty, weight loss, a strict vegetarian diet, a change in hair style, and stage lighting.[102] Moonwalk reached the top position on The New York Times best sellers' list.[135] The musician then released a film called Moonwalker, which featured live footage and short films that starred Jackson and Joe Pesci. The film was originally intended to be released to theaters, but due to financial issues, the film was released direct-to-video. It saw a theatrical release in Germany, though. It debuted atop the Billboard Top Music Video Cassette chart, staying there for 22 weeks. It was eventually knocked off the top spot by Michael Jackson: The Legend Continues.[136]
In March 1988, Jackson purchased land near Santa Ynez, California, to build Neverland Ranch at a cost of $17 million. He installed several carnival rides on the 2,700-acre (11 km2) property including a Ferris wheel, a carousel and a menagerie, as well as a movie theater and a petting zoo. A security staff of 40 patrolled the grounds. In 2003, it was valued at approximately $100 million.[137][138] In 1989, his annual earnings from album sales, endorsements, and concerts were estimated at $125 million for that year alone.[139] Shortly afterwards, he became the first Westerner to appear in a television ad in the Soviet Union.[136]
His success resulted in him being dubbed the "King of Pop".[140][141][142][143] The nickname was popularized by Elizabeth Taylor when she presented him with the Soul Train Heritage Award in 1989, proclaiming him "the true king of pop, rock and soul."[144] President George H.W. Bush designated him the White House's "Artist of the Decade".[145] From 1985 to 1990, he donated $455,000 to the United Negro College Fund,[146] and all of the profits from his single "Man in the Mirror" went to charity.[147] Jackson's live rendition of "You Were There" at Sammy Davis, Jr.'s 60th birthday celebration allowed Jackson to receive his second Emmy nomination.[74][136]
1991–93: Dangerous, Heal the World Foundation, and Super Bowl XXVII
In March 1991, Jackson renewed his contract with Sony for $65 million, a record-breaking deal at the time,[148] displacing Neil Diamond's renewal contract with Columbia Records.[149] He released his eighth album, Dangerous, in 1991. The Dangerous album was co-produced with Teddy Riley, who convinced Michael to feature a rapper on his album for the first time. As of 2013, the album has shipped seven million copies in the U.S. and has sold approximately 30 million copies worldwide.[150][151][152] In the United States, the album's first single "Black or White" was its biggest hit, reaching number one on the Billboard Hot; 100 and remaining there for seven weeks, with similar chart performances worldwide.[153] The album's second single "Remember the Time" spent eight weeks in the top five in the United States, peaking at number three on the Billboard Hot 100 singles chart.[154] At the end of 1992, Dangerous was awarded the best-selling album of the year worldwide and "Black or White" was awarded best-selling single of the year worldwide at the Billboard Music Awards. Additionally, he won an award as best-selling artist of the 1980s.[155] In 1993, Jackson performed the song at the Soul Train Music Awards in a chair, saying he had suffered an injury in rehearsals.[156] In the UK and other parts of Europe, "Heal the World" was the biggest hit from the album; it sold 450,000 copies in the UK and spent five weeks at number two in 1992.[154]
Jackson founded the Heal the World Foundation in 1992. The charity organization brought underprivileged children to Jackson's ranch to enjoy theme park rides that Jackson had built on the property. The foundation also sent millions of dollars around the globe to help children threatened by war, poverty, and disease. In the same year Jackson published his second book, the bestselling collection of poetry, Dancing the Dream. While it was a commercial success and revealed a more intimate side to Jackson's nature, the collection was mostly critically unacclaimed at the time of release. In 2009, the book was republished by Doubleday and was more positively received by some critics in the wake of Jackson's untimely death. The Dangerous World Tour grossed $100 million. The tour began on June 27, 1992, and finished on November 11, 1993. Jackson performed to 3.5 million people in 70 concerts.[154][157] He sold the broadcast rights to his Dangerous world tour to HBO for $20 million, a record-breaking deal that still stands.[158]
Following the illness and death of Ryan White, Jackson helped draw public attention to HIV/AIDS, something that was still controversial at the time. He publicly pleaded with the Clinton Administration at Bill Clinton's Inaugural Gala to give more money to HIV/AIDS charities and research.[159][160] In a high-profile visit to Africa, Jackson visited several countries, among them Gabon and Egypt.[161] His first stop to Gabon was greeted with a sizable and enthusiastic reception of more than 100,000 people, some of them carrying signs that read, "Welcome Home Michael."[161] In his trip to Côte d'Ivoire, Jackson was crowned "King Sani" by a tribal chief.[161] He then thanked the dignitaries in French and English, signed official documents formalizing his kingship and sat on a golden throne while presiding over ceremonial dances.[161]
In January 1993, Jackson made a memorable appearance at the halftime show at Super Bowl XXVII. Because of dwindling interest during halftime in the years before, the NFL decided to seek big-name talent that would keep viewers and ratings high, with Jackson being selected because of his popularity and universal appeal.[162] It was the first Super Bowl where the audience figures increased during the half-time show to more than the game itself. The performance began with Jackson catapulting onto the stage as fireworks went off behind him. As he landed on the canvas, he maintained a motionless "clenched fist, standing statue stance", dressed in a gold and black military outfit and sunglasses; he remained completely motionless for a minute and a half while the crowd cheered. He then slowly removed his sunglasses, threw them away and sang four songs: "Jam", "Billie Jean", "Black or White", and "Heal the World". Jackson's Dangerous album rose 90 places up the album chart.[99]
In February 1993, Jackson was given the "Living Legend Award" at the 35th Grammy Awards in Los Angeles. "Black or White" was Grammy-nominated for best vocal performance. "Jam" gained two nominations: Best R&B Vocal Performance and Best R&B Song.[154] The Dangerous album won a Grammy for Best Engineered – Non Classical, awarding the work of Bruce Swedien and Teddy Riley. In the same year, Michael Jackson won three American Music Awards for Favorite Pop/Rock Album (Dangerous), Favorite Soul/R&B Single ("Remember the Time") and was the first to win the International Artist Award, for his global performances and humanitarian concerns. This award will bear his name in the future.[56][64][163]

1993–94: First child sexual abuse allegations and first marriage
Main article: 1993 child sexual abuse accusations against Michael Jackson
Jackson gave a 90-minute interview to Oprah Winfrey on February 10, 1993, his second television interview since 1979. He grimaced when speaking of his childhood abuse at the hands of his father; he believed he had missed out on much of his childhood years, admitting that he often cried from loneliness. He denied tabloid rumors that he had bought the bones of the Elephant Man, slept in a hyperbaric oxygen chamber, or bleached his skin, stating for the first time that he had vitiligo. Dangerous re-entered the album chart in the top 10, more than a year after its original release.[24][99][154]
In the summer of 1993, Jackson was accused of child sexual abuse by a 13-year-old boy named Jordan Chandler and his father, Evan Chandler, a dentist.[164][165][166] The Chandler family demanded payment from Jackson, and the singer initially refused. Jordan Chandler eventually told the police that Jackson had sexually abused him.[167] Evan Chandler was tape-recorded discussing his intention to pursue charges, saying, "If I go through with this, I win big-time. There's no way I lose. I will get everything I want and they will be destroyed forever..... Michael's career will be over". Jordan's mother was, however, adamant at the time that there had been no wrongdoing on Jackson's part.[166] Jackson later used the recording to argue that he was the victim of a jealous father whose only goal was to extort money from the singer.[166] In January 1994, however, after investigation on allegations of extortion against the singer by Chandler, deputy Los Angeles County district attorney Michael J. Montagna stated that Chandler would not be charged due to lack of cooperation from Jackson's camp and its willingness to negotiate with Chandler for several weeks among other reasons.[168]
In August 1993, Jackson's home was raided by the police who, according to court documents, found books and photographs in his bedroom featuring young boys with little or no clothing.[169] Since the books were legal to purchase and own, the jury decided to not indict Jackson.[170] In December 1993, Jackson was strip searched.[171] Jordan Chandler had reportedly given police a description of Jackson's intimate parts, and the strip search revealed that Jordan had correctly claimed Jackson had patchy-colored buttocks, short pubic hair, and pink and brown marked testicles.[171] Reportedly, Jordan had also previously drawn accurate pictures of a dark spot on Jackson's penis only visible when his penis was lifted.[172] Despite differing initial internal reports from prosecutors and investigators[173] and later, with reports of jurors feeling otherwise that the photos did not match the description,[174][175][176] the DA stated his belief in a sworn affidavit that the description was accurate,[177] along with the sheriff's photographer stating the description was accurate.[178] A 2004 motion filed by Jackson's defense asserted that Jackson was never criminally indicted by any grand jury and that his settlement admitted no wrongdoing and contained no evidence of criminal misconduct.[179]
Jackson's friends said he never recovered from the humiliation of the strip search. The investigation was inconclusive and no charges were ever filed.[180] Jackson described the search in an emotional public statement, and proclaimed his innocence.[164][171][181] On January 1, 1994, Jackson settled with the Chandlers out of court for $22 million. A Santa Barbara County grand jury and a Los Angeles County grand jury disbanded on May 2, 1994 without indicting Jackson,[182] and the Chandlers stopped co-operating with the criminal investigation around July 6, 1994.[183][184][185] The out-of-court settlement's documentation specifically stated Jackson admitted no wrongdoing and no liability; the Chandlers and their family lawyer Larry Feldman signed it without contest.[186] Feldman also explicitly stated "nobody bought anybody's silence".[187] A decade after the fact, during the second round of child abuse allegations, Jackson's lawyers would file a memo stating that the 1994 settlement was done without his consent.[184] A later disclosure by the FBI of investigation documents compiled over nearly 20 years led to Jackson's attorney to make the suggestion that there was no evidence of molestation or sexual impropriety from Jackson towards minors.[188] According to reports the DCFS had investigated Jackson beginning in 1993 with the Chandler allegation and again in 2003. Reports show the LAPD and DCFS did not find credible evidence of abuse or sexual misconduct.[189][190]
In May 1994, Jackson married Lisa Marie Presley, the daughter of Elvis and Priscilla Presley. They had first met in 1975, when a seven-year-old Presley attended one of Jackson's family engagements at the MGM Grand Hotel and Casino, and were reconnected through a mutual friend.[191] According to a friend of Presley's, "their adult friendship began in November 1992 in L.A."[192] They stayed in contact every day over the telephone. As the child molestation accusations became public, Jackson became dependent on Presley for emotional support; she was concerned about his faltering health and addiction to drugs.[193] Presley explained, "I believed he didn't do anything wrong and that he was wrongly accused and yes I started falling for him. I wanted to save him. I felt that I could do it."[194] She eventually persuaded him to settle the civil case out of court and go into rehabilitation to recover.[193]
Jackson proposed to Presley over the telephone towards the fall of 1993, saying, "If I asked you to marry me, would you do it?"[193] They married in the Dominican Republic in secrecy, denying it for nearly two months afterwards.[195] The marriage was, in her words, "a married couple's life..... that was sexually active".[196] At the time, the tabloid media speculated that the wedding was a ploy to prop up Jackson's public image.[195] The marriage lasted less than two years and ended with an amicable divorce settlement.[197] In a 2010 interview with Oprah, Presley admitted that they spent four more years after the divorce "getting back together and breaking up", until she decided to stop.[198]
1995–99: HIStory, second marriage, and fatherhood
In 1995, Jackson merged his ATV Music catalog with Sony's music publishing division creating Sony/ATV Music Publishing. Jackson retained half-ownership of the company, earned $95 million upfront as well as the rights to even more songs.[199][200] He then released the double album HIStory: Past, Present and Future, Book I. The first disc, HIStory Begins, was a 15-track greatest hits album, and was later reissued as Greatest Hits: HIStory, Volume I in 2001, while the second disc, HIStory Continues, contained 13 new songs and 2 cover versions. The album debuted at number one on the charts and has been certified for seven million shipments in the US.[201] It is the best-selling multiple-disc album of all-time, with 20 million copies (40 million units) sold worldwide.[153][202] HIStory received a Grammy nomination for Album of the Year.[203]
The first single released from the album was "Scream/Childhood". "Scream" was a duet, performed with Jackson's youngest sister Janet. The song fights against the media, mainly for what the media made him out to be during his 1993 child abuse allegations. The single had the highest debut on the Billboard Hot 100 at number five, and received a Grammy nomination for "Best Pop Collaboration with Vocals".[203] "You Are Not Alone" was the second single released from HIStory; it holds the Guinness World Record for the first song ever to debut at number one on the Billboard Hot 100 chart.[139] It was seen as a major artistic and commercial success, receiving a Grammy nomination for "Best Pop Vocal Performance".[203]

Close-up of a pale skinned Jackson with black hair. He is wearing a black jacket with white designs on it.

 Michael Jackson at the 1997 Cannes Film Festival for the Ghosts music video premier
In late 1995, Jackson was rushed to a hospital after collapsing during rehearsals for a televised performance; the incident was caused by a stress-related panic attack.[204] "Earth Song" was the third single released from HIStory, and topped the UK Singles Chart for six weeks over Christmas 1995; it sold a million copies, making it Jackson's most successful single in the UK.[203] The track "They Don't Care About Us" became controversial when the Anti-Defamation League and other groups criticized its allegedly antisemitic lyrics. Jackson quickly put out a revised version of the song without the offending lyrics.[205] In 1996, Jackson won a Grammy for Best Music Video, Short Form for "Scream" and an American Music Award for Favorite Pop/Rock Male Artist.[56][206]
The album was promoted with the successful HIStory World Tour. The tour began on September 7, 1996, and finished on October 15, 1997. Jackson performed 82 concerts in 58 cities to over 4.5 million fans, and grossed a total of $165 million. The show, which visited five continents and 35 countries, became Jackson's most successful in terms of audience figures.[128] During the tour, Jackson married his longtime friend Deborah Jeanne Rowe, a dermatology nurse, in an impromptu ceremony in Sydney, Australia. Rowe was approximately six months pregnant with the couple's first child at the time. Originally, Rowe and Jackson had no plans to marry, but Jackson's mother Katherine persuaded them to do so.[207] Michael Joseph Jackson Jr (commonly known as Prince) was born on February 13, 1997; his sister Paris-Michael Katherine Jackson was born a year later on April 3, 1998.[197][208] The couple divorced in 1999, and Jackson got full custody of the children. The divorce was relatively amicable, but a subsequent custody suit was not settled until 2006.[209][210]
In 1997, Jackson released Blood on the Dance Floor: HIStory in the Mix, which contained remixes of hit singles from HIStory and five new songs. Worldwide sales stand at 6 million copies, it is the best selling remix album ever released.[211] It reached number one in the UK, as did the title track.[211][212] In the US, the album was certified platinum, but only reached number 24.[150][203] Forbes placed his annual income at $35 million in 1996 and $20 million in 1997.[138] Throughout June 1999, Jackson was involved in a number of charitable events. He joined Luciano Pavarotti for a benefit concert in Modena, Italy. The show was in support of the nonprofit organization War Child, and raised a million dollars for the refugees of Kosovo, FR Yugoslavia, as well as additional funds for the children of Guatemala.[213] Later that month, Jackson organized a set of "Michael Jackson & Friends" benefit concerts in Germany and Korea. Other artists involved included Slash, The Scorpions, Boyz II Men, Luther Vandross, Mariah Carey, A. R. Rahman, Prabhu Deva Sundaram, Shobana, Andrea Bocelli, and Luciano Pavarotti. The proceeds went to the Nelson Mandela Children's Fund, the Red Cross and UNESCO.[214] From August 1999 through 2000, he lived in New York City at 4 East 74th Street.[215]
2000–03: Label dispute and Invincible
At the turn of the century, Jackson won an American Music Award as Artist of the 1980s.[216] Throughout 2000 and 2001, Jackson worked in the studio with Teddy Riley and Rodney Jerkins, as well as other collaborators. These sessions would result in the album Invincible, released in October 2001. Invincible was Jackson's first full-length album in six years, and it would be the last album of new material he released while still alive. The release of the album was preceded by a dispute between Jackson and his record label, Sony Music Entertainment. Jackson had expected the licenses to the masters of his albums to revert to him sometime in the early 2000s. Once he had the licenses, he would be able to promote the material however he pleased and keep all the profits. However, due to various clauses in the contract, the revert date turned out to be many years away. Jackson discovered that the attorney who represented him in the deal was also representing Sony.[212] Jackson was also concerned about the fact that for a number of years, Sony had been pressuring him to sell his share in their music catalog venture. Jackson feared that Sony might have a conflict of interest, since if Jackson's career failed, he would have to sell his share of the catalog at a low price.[217] Jackson sought an early exit from his contract.[212]
In September 2001, two 30th Anniversary concerts were held at Madison Square Garden to mark the singer's 30th year as a solo artist. Jackson appeared onstage alongside his brothers for the first time since 1984. The show also featured performances by Mýa, Usher, Whitney Houston, NSYNC, Destiny's Child, Monica, Luther Vandross, and Slash, among other artists.[218] The second of the two shows took place the night before the September 11, 2001, terrorist attacks.[219] After 9/11, Jackson helped organize the United We Stand: What More Can I Give benefit concert at RFK Stadium in Washington, D.C. The concert took place on October 21, 2001, and included performances from dozens of major artists, including Jackson, who performed his song "What More Can I Give" as the finale.[217] Jackson's solo performances were omitted from the televised version of the benefit concert, although he could still be seen singing background vocals. This omission happened because of contractual issues related to the earlier 30th Anniversary concerts: those concerts were boiled down into a two-hour TV special titled Michael Jackson: 30th Anniversary Celebration which debuted in November 2001.
In spite of the events preceding its release, Invincible came out in October 2001 to much anticipation. Invincible proved to be a hit, debuting atop the charts in 13 countries and going on to sell approximately 13 million copies worldwide. It received double-platinum certification in the U.S.[150][153] However, the sales for Invincible were lower than those of his previous releases, due in part to a lack of promotion, no supporting world tour and the label dispute. The album also came out at a bad time for the music industry in general.[217] The album cost $30 million to record, not including promotional expenditures.[220] Invincible spawned three singles, "You Rock My World", "Cry", and "Butterflies", the latter without a music video. Jackson alleged in July 2002 that the-then Sony Music chairman Tommy Mottola was a "devil" and a "racist" who did not support his African-American artists, using them merely for his own personal gain.[217] He charged that Mottola had called his colleague Irv Gotti a "fat nigger".[221] Sony refused to renew Jackson's contract, and claimed that a $25 million promotional campaign had failed because Jackson refused to tour in the United States.[220]
In 2002, Michael Jackson won his 22nd American Music Award for Artist of the Century.[222] In the same year, Jackson's third child, Prince Michael Jackson II (nicknamed "Blanket") was born.[223] The mother's identity was not announced, but Jackson has said the child was the result of artificial insemination from a surrogate mother and his own sperm.[209] On November 20 of that year, Jackson brought his infant son onto the balcony of his room at the Hotel Adlon in Berlin, as fans stood below, holding him in his right arm, with a cloth loosely draped over the baby's face. The baby was briefly extended over a railing, four stories above ground level, causing widespread criticism in the media. Jackson later apologized for the incident, calling it "a terrible mistake".[224] Sony released Number Ones, a compilation of Jackson's hits on CD and DVD. In the U.S., the album was certified triple platinum by the RIAA; in the UK it was certified six times platinum for shipments of at least 1.2 million units.[150][225]
2003–05: Second child sexual abuse allegations and acquittal
Further information: Living with Michael Jackson and People v. Jackson



 Jackson in Las Vegas, 2003
Beginning in May 2002, Jackson allowed a documentary film crew, led by British TV personality Martin Bashir, to follow him around nearly everywhere he went. Bashir's film crew was with Jackson during the "baby-dangling incident" in Berlin. The program was broadcast in March 2003 as Living with Michael Jackson.
In a particularly controversial scene, Jackson was seen holding hands and discussing sleeping arrangements with a young boy.[226] As soon as the documentary aired, the Santa Barbara county attorney's office began a criminal investigation. After an initial probe from the LAPD and DCFS was conducted in February 2003, they had initially concluded that molestation allegations were "unfounded" at the time.[227] After the young boy involved in the documentary and his mother later told investigators that Jackson had been improper with the boy, Jackson was arrested in November 2003, and was charged with seven counts of child molestation and two counts of administering an intoxicating agent in relation to the 13-year-old boy shown in the film.[226] Jackson denied the allegations, saying the sleepovers were not sexual in nature. The People v. Jackson trial began on January 31, 2005, in Santa Maria, California, and lasted five months, until the end of May. On June 13, 2005, Jackson was acquitted on all counts.[228][229][230] After the trial, in a highly publicized relocation he moved to the Persian Gulf island of Bahrain, as a guest of Sheikh Abdullah.[231] Bahrain was also where the family intended to send Jackson if he was convicted (though Jackson did not know about the plan), according to a statement by Jermaine Jackson printed in The Times of London in September 2011.[232]
2006–09: Closure of Neverland, final years, and This Is It



 Jackson and his son Blanket in Disneyland Paris, 2006
In March 2006, the main house at the Neverland Ranch was closed as a cost-cutting measure.[233] There were numerous reports around that time that Jackson was having financial problems. Jackson had been delinquent on his repayments of a $270 million loan secured against his music publishing holdings, even though those holdings were reportedly making him as much as $75 million a year.[234] Bank of America sold the debt to Fortress Investments. Sony reportedly proposed a restructuring deal which would give them a future option to buy half of Jackson's stake in their jointly owned publishing company (leaving Jackson with a 25% stake).[200] Jackson agreed to a Sony-backed refinancing deal in April 2006, although the exact details were not made public.[235] Jackson did not have a recording contract in place with Sony or any other major record label at the time.
In early 2006, there was an announcement that Jackson had signed a contract with a Bahrain-based startup called Two Seas Records. However, nothing ever came of that deal, and the CEO of Two Seas, Guy Holmes, later stated that the deal had never been finalized.[236][237] Throughout 2006, Sony repackaged 20 singles from the 1980s and 1990s as the Michael Jackson: Visionary series, which subsequently became a box set. Most of those singles returned to the charts as a result. In September 2006, Jackson and his ex-wife Debbie Rowe confirmed reports that they had settled their long-running child custody suit. The terms were never made public. Jackson continued to be the custodial parent of the couple's two children.[210] In October 2006, Fox News entertainment reporter Roger Friedman said that Jackson had been recording at a studio in rural Westmeath, Ireland. It was not known at the time what Jackson might be working on, or who might be paying for the sessions, since his publicist had recently issued a statement claiming that he had left Two Seas.[237][238]
In November 2006, Jackson invited an Access Hollywood camera crew into the studio in Westmeath, and MSNBC broke the story that he was working on a new album, produced by will.i.am of The Black Eyed Peas.[153] Jackson performed at the World Music Awards, in London on November 15, 2006, and accepted a Diamond Award for selling over 100 million records.[153][239] Jackson returned to the United States after Christmas 2006 to attend James Brown's funeral in Augusta, Georgia. He gave one of the eulogies, saying that "James Brown is my greatest inspiration."[240] In the spring of 2007, Jackson and Sony teamed up to buy yet another music publishing company: Famous Music LLC, formerly owned by Viacom. This deal gave him the rights to songs by Eminem, Shakira and Beck, among others.[241] Jackson recorded extensively during this period in New York with songwriter and producer will.i.am and also in Las Vegas with producers Akon and RedOne.[242][243] In March 2007, Jackson gave a brief interview to the Associated Press in Tokyo, where he said, "I've been in the entertainment industry since I was 6 years old, and as Charles Dickens would say, 'It's been the best of times, the worst of times.' But I would not change my career..... While some have made deliberate attempts to hurt me, I take it in stride because I have a loving family, a strong faith and wonderful friends and fans who have, and continue, to support me."[244]
In March 2007, Jackson visited a U.S. Army post in Japan named Camp Zama to greet 3,000 plus U.S. troops and their families. The hosts presented Jackson with a Certificate of Appreciation for his devotion to U.S. Military troops and their families.[245]
In September 2007, Jackson was reportedly still working with will.i.am, but the album was apparently never completed.[246] However, in 2008, Jackson and Sony released Thriller 25 to mark the 25th anniversary of the original Thriller. This album featured the previously unreleased song "For All Time" (an outtake from the original sessions) as well as remixes, where Jackson collaborated with younger artists who had been inspired by his work.[247] Two of the remixes were released as singles with only modest success: "The Girl Is Mine 2008" (with will.i.am) and "Wanna Be Startin' Somethin' 2008" (with Akon). The first single was based on an early demo version, without Paul McCartney. The album itself was a hit, however.[247][248][249][250] In anticipation of Jackson's 50th birthday, Sony BMG released a series of greatest-hits albums called King of Pop. Slightly different versions were released in various countries, based on polls of local fans.[251] King of Pop reached the top 10 in most countries where it was issued, and also sold well as an import in other countries (such as the United States.)[252][253]



 An aerial view of part of Jackson's 2,800-acre (11 km2) Neverland Valley Ranch near Los Olivos, CA showing the many rides
In late 2008, Fortress Investments threatened to foreclose on Neverland Ranch, which Jackson used as collateral for loans running into many tens of millions of dollars. However, Fortress opted to sell Jackson's debts to Colony Capital LLC. In November, Jackson transferred Neverland Ranch's title to Sycamore Valley Ranch Company LLC, which was a joint venture between Jackson and Colony Capital LLC. This deal cleared Jackson's debt, and he reportedly even gained an extra $35 million from the venture. At the time of his death, Jackson still owned a stake in Neverland/Sycamore Valley, but it was not announced how large that stake was.[254][255][256] In September 2008, Jackson entered negotiations with Julien's Auction House to display and auction a large collection of memorabilia amounting to approximately 1,390 lots. The auction was scheduled to take place between April 22 and 25.[257] An exhibition of the lots opened as scheduled on April 14, but the actual auction was eventually cancelled at Jackson's request.[258]
In March 2009, Jackson held a press conference at London's O2 Arena and announced a series of comeback concerts titled This Is It. The shows would be Jackson's first major series of concerts since the HIStory World Tour finished in 1997. Jackson suggested possible retirement after the shows; he said it would be his "final curtain call". The initial plan was for 10 concerts in London, followed by shows in Paris, New York City and Mumbai. Randy Phillips, president and chief executive of AEG Live, stated that the first 10 dates alone would earn the singer approximately £50 million.[259] The London residency was increased to 50 dates after record breaking ticket sales: over one million were sold in less than two hours.[260] Jackson rehearsed in Los Angeles in the weeks leading up to the tour under the direction of choreographer Kenny Ortega. Most of these rehearsals took place at the Staples Center, which was owned by AEG.[261] The concerts would have commenced on July 13, 2009, and finished on March 6, 2010. Less than three weeks before the first show was due to begin in London and with all concerts being sold out, Jackson died after suffering cardiac arrest.[262] Some time before his death, it was reported that he was starting a clothing line with Christian Audigier.[263][264]
Jackson's first posthumous song released entirely by his Estate was titled "This Is It" which Jackson cowrote in the 1980s with Paul Anka. It was not on the set lists for the concerts, and the recording was based on an old demo tape. The surviving brothers reunited in the studio for the first time since 1989 to record backing vocals. On October 28, 2009, a documentary film about the rehearsals titled Michael Jackson's This Is It was released.[265] Even though it ran for a limited two-week engagement, it became the highest grossing documentary or concert movie of all time, with earnings of more than $260 million worldwide.[266] Jackson's estate received 90% of the profits.[267] The film was accompanied by a compilation album of the same name. Two versions of the new song appear on the album, which also featured original masters of Jackson's hits in the order in which they appear in the movie, along with a bonus disc with previously unreleased versions of more Jackson hits as well as a spoken-word poem titled "Planet Earth".[268] At the 2009 American Music Awards, Jackson won four posthumous awards, two for him and two for his album Number Ones, bringing his total American Music Awards to 26.[269][270]
Death and memorial
Main articles: Death of Michael Jackson and Michael Jackson memorial service

Jackson's Star with flowers and notes on it

 Fans flocked to Jackson's star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame, adorning it with flowers and notes on the day of his death.
On June 25, 2009, Jackson died while in his bed at his rented mansion at 100 North Carolwood Drive in the Holmby Hills district of Los Angeles. Attempts at resuscitating him by Conrad Murray, his personal physician, were unsuccessful.[271] Los Angeles Fire Department paramedics received a 911 call at 12:22 (PDT, 19:22 UTC), arriving three minutes later at Jackson's location.[272][273] He was reportedly not breathing and CPR was performed.[274] Resuscitation efforts continued en route to the Ronald Reagan UCLA Medical Center, and for more than an hour after arriving there at 1:13 (20:13 UTC). He was pronounced dead at 2:26 local time (21:26 UTC).[275][276] Jackson's death triggered a global outpouring of grief.[271]
The news spread quickly online, causing websites to slow down and crash from user overload. Both TMZ and the Los Angeles Times suffered outages.[277] Google initially believed that the input from millions of people searching for "Michael Jackson" meant that the search engine was under DDoS attack, and blocked searches related to Michael Jackson for 30 minutes. Twitter reported a crash, as did Wikipedia at 3:15 pm PDT (22:15 UTC).[278] The Wikimedia Foundation reported nearly a million visitors to Jackson's biography within one hour, probably the most visitors in a one-hour period to any article in Wikipedia's history.[279] AOL Instant Messenger collapsed for 40 minutes. AOL called it a "seminal moment in Internet history", adding, "We've never seen anything like it in terms of scope or depth."[280]
Around 15% of Twitter posts—or 5,000 tweets per minute—reportedly mentioned Jackson after the news broke,[281][282] compared to the 5% recalled as having mentioned the Iranian elections or the flu pandemic that had made headlines earlier in the year.[282] Overall, web traffic ranged from 11% to at least 20% higher than normal.[281][283] MTV and BET aired marathons of Jackson's music videos.[284] Jackson specials aired on multiple television stations around the world. The British soap opera EastEnders added a last-minute scene, in which one character tells another about the news, to the June 26 episode.[285]
Jackson's memorial was held on July 7, 2009, at the Staples Center in Los Angeles, preceded by a private family service at Forest Lawn Memorial Park's Hall of Liberty. Because of the high demand, organizers of the service fashioned a lottery style distribution method to give out tickets to members of the public. 1.6 million fans applied for tickets to the service over the two-day period that registration was open. 8,750 names were drawn at random to decide who to distribute tickets to, with each recipient receiving two tickets each.[286] Jackson's casket was present during the memorial but no information was released about the final disposition of the body. The memorial service was one of the most watched events in online streaming history.[287] The U.S. audience was estimated by Nielsen to be 31.1 million, an amount comparable to the estimated 35.1 million that watched the 2004 burial of former president Ronald Reagan, and the estimated 33.1 million Americans who watched the 1997 funeral for Princess Diana.[288]
Mariah Carey, Stevie Wonder, Lionel Richie, John Mayer, Jennifer Hudson, Usher, Jermaine Jackson, and Shaheen Jafargholi performed at the event. Berry Gordy and Smokey Robinson gave eulogies, while Queen Latifah read "We had him", a poem written for the occasion by Maya Angelou.[289] The Reverend Al Sharpton received a standing ovation with cheers when he told Jackson's children, "Wasn't nothing strange about your daddy. It was strange what your daddy had to deal with. But he dealt with it anyway."[290] The memorial is best remembered for when Jackson's 11-year-old daughter, Paris Katherine, speaking publicly for the first time cried as she told the crowd, "Ever since I was born, Daddy has been the best father you could ever imagine..... I just wanted to say I love him..... so much."[291][292] Reverend Lucious Smith provided a closing prayer.[293] On August 24, several news outlets quoted anonymous sources as stating that the Los Angeles coroner had decided to treat Jackson's death as a homicide; this was later confirmed by the coroner on August 28.[294][295] At the time of death, Jackson had been administered propofol, lorazepam and midazolam.[296] Law enforcement officials conducted a manslaughter investigation of his personal physician Conrad Murray, who was charged with involuntary manslaughter by prosecutors in Los Angeles on February 8, 2010.[297] Jackson's body was entombed on September 3, 2009, at Forest Lawn Memorial Park in Glendale, California.[298]

Portrait and other tributes, including mural and messages from 650 Spanish fans, letters, pictures, teddy bears, and flowers.

 Tribute of fans from all over the world in the Forest Lawn Memorial Park on the first anniversary of his death
On June 25, 2010, the first anniversary of Jackson's death, fans traveled to Los Angeles to pay their tribute to him. They visited Jackson's star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame and his family's home, as well as Forest Lawn Memorial Park. Many of the fans were carrying sunflowers and other tribute items to drop off at the sites. Members of the Jackson family and close friends arrived to pay their respects.[299][300] Katherine returned to Gary, Indiana to unveil a granite monument constructed in the front yard of the family home. The memorial continued with a candlelight vigil and a special performance of "We Are the World".[301][302] On June 26, there was a protest march in front of the Los Angeles Police Department's Robbery-Homicide Division at the old Parker Center building and a petition with thousands of signatures demanding justice was delivered.[303][304] The Jackson Family Foundation in conjunction with Voiceplate presented "Forever Michael", an event bringing together Jackson family members, celebrities, fans, supporters and the community to celebrate and honor his legacy. A portion of the proceeds were presented to some of Jackson's favorite charities. Katherine also introduced her new book "Never Can Say Goodbye".[305][306][307]
Aftermath
After his death, Jackson became the best-selling albums artist of 2009. He sold over 8.2 million albums in the United States, and a total of 35 million albums worldwide, in the 12 months that followed his death.[308][309] Jackson became the first artist to sell one million downloads in a week in download history, with a record-breaking 2.6 million downloads of his songs. After his death, three of his albums sold more than any new album, which was the first time a catalog album has ever scanned more sales than any new album.[310] Jackson also became the first artist in history to have four of the top 20 best selling albums in a single year in the United States.[311] Following this surge in sales, Sony announced that they had extended their relationship with his material. The distribution rights held by Sony Music were due to expire in 2015.[312] On March 16, 2010, Sony Music Entertainment, in a move spearheaded by its Columbia/Epic Label Group division, signed a new deal with the Jackson estate to extend their distribution rights to his back catalogue until at least 2017, as well as to obtain permission to release ten new albums with previously unreleased material and new collections of released work.[313]
On November 4, 2010, Sony announced the release of Michael, the first posthumous album set to be released on December 14, with the promotional single released to the radios on November 8, titled "Breaking News".[314] The deal was unprecedented in the music industry as it is the most expensive music contract pertaining to a single artist in history; it reportedly involved Sony Music paying $250 million for the deal, with the Jackson estate getting the full sum as well as its share of royalties for all works released.[312][315] Video game developer Ubisoft announced it would release a new dancing-and-singing game featuring Michael Jackson for the 2010 holiday season. The game titled Michael Jackson: The Experience was among the first to use Kinect and PlayStation Move, the respective motion-detecting camera systems for Microsoft's Xbox 360 and Sony's PlayStation 3.[316]
On November 3, 2010, the theatrical performing company Cirque du Soleil announced that it would launch Michael Jackson: The Immortal World Tour in October 2011 in Montreal, while a permanent show will reside in Las Vegas.[317] The 90-minute $57-million production will combine Jackson's iconic musical oeuvre and choreography with the Cirque's signature artistry, dance and aerial displays involving 65 artists.[318] The tour was written and directed by Jamie King[319] and centers on Jackson's "inspirational Giving Tree – the wellspring of creativity where his love of music and dance, fairy tale and magic, and the fragile beauty of nature are unlocked."[320] On October 3, 2011, the accompanying compilation soundtrack album Immortal was announced to have over 40 Jackson's original recordings re-produced by Kevin Antunes.[321] A second, larger and more theatrical Cirque show entitled Michael Jackson: One designed for residency at the Mandalay Bay resort in Las Vegas was announced on February 21, 2013. This show, whose production was written and directed by Jamie King who produced the Immortal show, began its run on May 23, 2013 in a newly renovated theater to both critical and commercial success.[322][323][324][325]
In 2011 it was revealed that Jackson had recorded in 1981–1983 with Freddie Mercury, including a demo of "State of Shock," "Victory" and "There Must Be More to Life Than This."[326] None of these collaborations were officially released, although bootleg recordings exist. Jackson went on to record the single "State of Shock" with Mick Jagger for The Jacksons' album Victory.[327] Mercury included the solo version of "There Must Be More To Life Than This" on his Mr. Bad Guy album.[328] In November 2011, Brian May announced that a series of duets that Mercury recorded with Jackson were to be released in 2012.[329] He later updated the release date to autumn of 2013 and then to 2014.[330]
In April 2011, Jackson's longtime friend and billionaire businessman Mohamed Al-Fayed, chairman of Fulham Football Club, unveiled a statue of Jackson outside the club's stadium, Craven Cottage.[331] Fulham fans were bemused by the statue and failed to understand the relevance of Jackson to the club.[332] Al Fayed defended the statue and told the fans to "go to hell" if they did not appreciate it.[333] The statue was removed in September 2013.[334]
In 2012, in an attempt to end family public feuding, Jackson's brother Jermaine Jackson retracted his signature on a letter made public criticizing executors of Michael Jackson's estate and his mother's advisers concerning the legitimacy of his brother's will.[335] T.J. Jackson, son of Tito Jackson, was given co-guardianship of Michael Jackson's children after false reports surfaced of Katherine Jackson going missing.[336]
On May 16, 2013, choreographer Wade Robson alleged on The Today Show that Jackson "performed sexual acts on me and forced me to perform sexual acts on him" for 7 years, beginning when Robson was 7 years old.[337] Robson had previously testified in defence of Jackson at the singer's 2005 child molestation trial.[338] The attorney for Jackson's estate described Robson's claim as "outrageous and pathetic".[339] The date for the hearing which will determine whether Robson can sue Jackson's estate was scheduled for June 2, 2014.[340] In February 2014, the Internal Revenue Service reported that Jackson's estate owed them $702 million, including $505 million in taxes and $197 million in penalties after they claimed the estate undervalued Jackson's fortune.[341]
On March 31, 2014, Epic Records announced that an album of eight songs of unreleased material culled from past recording sessions would be issued under the title, Xscape.[342] It was released on May 13, 2014.[343] On May 12, 2014, another young man, Jimmy Safechuck, sued Jackson's estate, claiming Jackson sexually abused him "from the age of 10 to about 14 or 15" in the 1980s.[344] During the 2014 Billboard Music Awards on May 18, a "Pepper's ghost" likeness of Jackson appeared, dancing to "Slave to the Rhythm", a song from his second posthumously released album, Xscape.[345]
Artistry
Influences

Silver-colored statue of Jackson standing up with his arms bent inward and both legs spaced apart.

 One of many identical statues, based on Diana Walczak's original HIStory statue, positioned throughout Europe to promote HIStory
Jackson's music took root in R&B, pop and soul. He had been influenced by the work of musicians such as Little Richard, James Brown, Jackie Wilson, Diana Ross, Fred Astaire,[346] Sammy Davis, Jr.,[346] Gene Kelly,[347] David Ruffin,[348] The Isley Brothers, the Bee Gees, and the West Side Story dancers, to whom he made a tribute in "Beat It" and in the "Bad" video.[349] According to David Winters, who met and befriended Jackson while choreographing the 1971 Diana Ross TV special Diana!, Jackson watched West Side Story almost every week and it was his favorite film.[350][351][352] While Little Richard had a substantial influence on Jackson,[353] James Brown was Jackson's greatest inspiration. In reference to Brown, Jackson declared: "Ever since I was a small child, no more than like six years old, my mother would wake me no matter what time it was, if I was sleeping, no matter what I was doing, to watch the television to see the master at work. And when I saw him move, I was mesmerized. I had never seen a performer perform like James Brown, and right then and there I knew that was exactly what I wanted to do for the rest of my life because of James Brown."[354]
The young Michael Jackson owed his vocal technique in large part to Diana Ross. Not only a mother figure to him, she was often observed in rehearsal as an accomplished performer. He later expressed: "I got to know her well. She taught me so much. I used to just sit in the corner and watch the way she moved. She was art in motion. I studied the way she moved, the way she sang  – just the way she was." He told her: "I want to be just like you, Diana." She said: "You just be yourself."[355] But Jackson owed part of his enduring style—especially his use of the oooh interjection—to Ross. From a young age, Jackson often punctuated his verses with a sudden exclamation of oooh. Diana Ross had used this effect on many of the songs recorded with The Supremes.[356]
Musical themes and genres
Unlike many artists, Jackson did not write his songs on paper. Instead he would dictate into a sound recorder, and when recording he would sing the lyrics from memory.[357] In most of his songs, such as "Billie Jean", "Who Is It", and "Tabloid Junkie", he would beatbox and imitate the instruments using his voice instead of playing the actual instruments, along with other sounds. Jackson noted that it is easier to sing a drum line, or sing a bass, instead of playing a drum line or a bass with an instrument. Several critics have said that Jackson's distinct voice was able to replace any instrument convincingly. Steve Huey of Allmusic said that, throughout his solo career, Jackson's versatility allowed him to experiment with various themes and genres.[3] As a musician, he ranged from Motown's dance fare and ballads to techno and house-edged new jack swing to work that incorporates both funk rhythms and hard rock guitar.[137][358][359]

Black and white photo of Jackson holding a microphone and singing

 Jackson in 1988, performing live at his record-breaking Bad world tour
According to Huey, Thriller refined the strengths of Off the Wall; the dance and rock tracks were more aggressive, while the pop tunes and ballads were softer and more soulful.[3] Notable tracks included the ballads "The Lady in My Life", "Human Nature" and "The Girl Is Mine"; the funk pieces "Billie Jean" and "Wanna Be Startin' Somethin'"; and the post-disco set "Baby Be Mine" and "P.Y.T. (Pretty Young Thing)".[3][358][359][360][361] With Thriller, Christopher Connelly of Rolling Stone commented that Jackson developed his long association with the subliminal theme of paranoia and darker imagery.[361] Allmusic's Stephen Thomas Erlewine noted this is evident on the songs "Billie Jean" and "Wanna Be Startin' Somethin'".[359] In "Billie Jean", Jackson sings about an obsessive fan who alleges he has fathered a child of hers.[3] In "Wanna Be Startin' Somethin'" he argues against gossip and the media.[361] "Beat It" decried gang violence in an homage to West Side Story, and was Jackson's first successful rock cross-over piece, according to Huey.[3][137] He also observed that the title track "Thriller" began Jackson's interest with the theme of the supernatural, a topic he revisited in subsequent years.[3] In 1985, Jackson co-wrote the charity anthem "We Are the World"; humanitarian themes later became a recurring theme in his lyrics and public persona.[3]




"Thriller"







One of Jackson's signature pieces, "Thriller", released as a single in 1984, utilizes cinematic sound effects, horror film motifs and vocal trickery to convey a sense of danger.[45]


"Smooth Criminal"







A single from the album Bad, released 1988, "Smooth Criminal" features digital drum sounds, keyboard-created bass lines and other percussion elements designed to give the impression of a pulsing heart.[362]


"Black or White"







The lead single from Dangerous, the danceable hard rock song "Black or White" was one of Jackson's most successful recordings.[363][364] It contains many features of Jackson's vocal style, including the vocal hiccup he is known for.

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In Bad, Jackson's concept of the predatory lover can be seen on the rock song "Dirty Diana".[365] The lead single "I Just Can't Stop Loving You" is a traditional love ballad, while "Man in the Mirror" is an anthemic ballad of confession and resolution. "Smooth Criminal" was an evocation of bloody assault, rape and likely murder.[115] Allmusic's Stephen Thomas Erlewine states that Dangerous presents Jackson as a very paradoxical individual.[366] He comments the album is more diverse than his previous Bad, as it appeals to an urban audience while also attracting the middle class with anthems like "Heal the World".[366] The first half of the record is dedicated to new jack swing, including songs like "Jam" and "Remember the Time".[367] The album is Jackson's first where social ills become a primary theme; "Why You Wanna Trip on Me", for example, protests against world hunger, AIDS, homelessness and drugs.[367] Dangerous contains sexually charged efforts such as the multifaceted love song, "In the Closet".[367] The title track continues the theme of the predatory lover and compulsive desire.[367] The second half includes introspective, pop-gospel anthems such as "Will You Be There", "Heal the World" and "Keep the Faith"; these songs show Jackson opening up about various personal struggles and worries.[367] In the ballad "Gone Too Soon", Jackson gives tribute to his friend Ryan White and the plight of those with AIDS.[368]
HIStory creates an atmosphere of paranoia.[369] Its content focuses on the hardships and public struggles Jackson went through just prior to its production. In the new jack swing-funk-rock efforts "Scream" and "Tabloid Junkie", along with the R&B ballad "You Are Not Alone", Jackson retaliates against the injustice and isolation he feels, and directs much of his anger at the media.[370] In the introspective ballad "Stranger in Moscow", Jackson laments over his "fall from grace", while songs like "Earth Song", "Childhood", "Little Susie" and "Smile" are all operatic pop pieces.[369][370] In the track "D.S.", Jackson launched a verbal attack against Tom Sneddon. He describes Sneddon as an antisocial, white supremacist who wanted to "get my ass, dead or alive". Of the song, Sneddon said, "I have not—shall we say—done him the honor of listening to it, but I've been told that it ends with the sound of a gunshot".[371] Invincible found Jackson working heavily with producer Rodney Jerkins.[3] It is a record made up of urban soul like "Cry" and "The Lost Children", ballads such as "Speechless", "Break of Dawn", and "Butterflies" and mixes hip-hop, pop, and R&B in "2000 Watts", "Heartbreaker" and "Invincible".[372][373]
Vocal style
Jackson sang from childhood, and over time his voice and vocal style changed noticeably. Between 1971 and 1975, Jackson's voice descended from boy soprano to high tenor.[374] His vocal range as an adult was F2-E?6. Jackson first used a technique called the "vocal hiccup" in 1973, starting with the song "It's Too Late to Change the Time" from The Jackson 5's G.I.T.: Get It Together album.[375] Jackson did not use the hiccup technique—somewhat like a gulping for air or gasping—fully until the recording of Off the Wall: it can be seen in full force in the "Shake Your Body (Down to the Ground)" promotional video.[41] With the arrival of Off the Wall in the late 1970s, Jackson's abilities as a vocalist were well regarded. At the time, Rolling Stone compared his vocals to the "breathless, dreamy stutter" of Stevie Wonder. Their analysis was also that "Jackson's feathery-timbred tenor is extraordinarily beautiful. It slides smoothly into a startling falsetto that's used very daringly".[376][377] 1982 saw the release of Thriller, and Rolling Stone was of the opinion that Jackson was then singing in a "fully adult voice" that was "tinged by sadness".[361]
A distinctive deliberate mispronunciation of "come on", used frequently by Jackson, occasionally spelled "c'mon", "cha'mone", or "shamone", is also a staple in impressions and caricatures of him.[378] The turn of the 1990s saw the release of the introspective album Dangerous. The New York Times noted that on some tracks, "he gulps for breath, his voice quivers with anxiety or drops to a desperate whisper, hissing through clenched teeth" and he had a "wretched tone".[367] When singing of brotherhood or self-esteem the musician would return to "smooth" vocals.[367] When commenting on Invincible, Rolling Stone were of the opinion that—at the age of 43—Jackson still performed "exquisitely voiced rhythm tracks and vibrating vocal harmonies".[379] Nelson George summed up Jackson's vocals by stating "The grace, the aggression, the growling, the natural boyishness, the falsetto, the smoothness—that combination of elements mark him as a major vocalist".[362]
Very concerned about a transparent rendition of this identity, the sound engineer Bruce Swedien opted for some technical approaches and studio strategies aiming at keeping as truly as possible the singer’s intimate and natural expressions: mikes, analogic recordings, special techniques elaborated to design vocal prisms, creation of natural acoustic spaces, conversion of stereophonic fields in tri-dimensional sound spaces playing with early reflections, plywood, Monstercable or Tubetraps.[380]
Music videos and choreography
Jackson has also been referred to as the King of Music Videos.[381] Steve Huey of Allmusic observed how Jackson transformed the music video into an art form and a promotional tool through complex story lines, dance routines, special effects and famous cameo appearances, simultaneously breaking down racial barriers.[3] Before Thriller, Jackson struggled to receive coverage on MTV, allegedly because he was African American.[382] Pressure from CBS Records persuaded MTV to start showing "Billie Jean" and later "Beat It", leading to a lengthy partnership with Jackson, also helping other black music artists gain recognition.[383] MTV employees deny any racism in their coverage, or pressure to change their stance. MTV maintains that they played rock music, regardless of race.[384] The popularity of his videos on MTV helped to put the relatively young channel "on the map"; MTV's focus shifted in favor of pop and R&B.[383][385] His performance on Motown 25: Yesterday, Today, Forever changed the scope of live stage show; "That Jackson lip-synced 'Billie Jean' is, in itself, not extraordinary, but the fact that it did not change the impact of the performance is extraordinary; whether the performance was live or lip-synced made no difference to the audience" thus creating an era in which artists re-create the spectacle of music video imagery on stage.[386] Short films like Thriller largely remained unique to Jackson, while the group dance sequence in "Beat It" has frequently been imitated.[387] The choreography in Thriller has become a part of global pop culture, replicated everywhere from Indian films to prisons in the Philippines.[388] The Thriller short film marked an increase in scale for music videos, and has been named the most successful music video ever by the Guinness World Records.[139]
In the 19-minute music video for "Bad"—directed by Martin Scorsese—Jackson began using sexual imagery and choreography not previously seen in his work. He occasionally grabbed or touched his chest, torso and crotch. When asked by Oprah in the 1993 interview about why he grabbed his crotch, he replied, "I think it happens subliminally" and he described it as something that was not planned, but rather, as something that was compelled by the music. "Bad" garnered a mixed reception from both fans and critics; Time magazine described it as "infamous". The video also featured Wesley Snipes; in the future Jackson's videos would often feature famous cameo roles.[108][389] For the "Smooth Criminal" video, Jackson experimented with an anti-gravity lean where the performer leans forward at a 45 degree angle, beyond the performer's center of gravity. To accomplish this move live, Jackson and designers developed a special shoe that locks the performer's feet to the stage, allowing them to lean forward. They were granted U.S. Patent 5,255,452 for the device.[390] Although the music video for "Leave Me Alone" was not officially released in the US, in 1989 it was nominated for three Billboard Music Video Awards;[391] the same year it won a Golden Lion Award for the quality of the special effects used in its production. In 1990, "Leave Me Alone" won a Grammy for Best Music Video, Short Form.[136]
He received the MTV Video Vanguard Award in 1988 and the MTV Video Vanguard Artist of the Decade Award in 1990 to celebrate his accomplishments in the art form in the 1980s; in 1991 the first award was renamed in his honor.[154] "Black or White" was accompanied by a controversial music video, which, on November 14, 1991, simultaneously premiered in 27 countries with an estimated audience of 500 million people, the largest viewing ever for a music video at that time.[153] It featured scenes construed as having a sexual nature as well as depictions of violence. The offending scenes in the final half of the 14-minute version were edited out to prevent the video from being banned, and Jackson apologized.[392] Along with Jackson, it featured Macaulay Culkin, Peggy Lipton, and George Wendt. It helped usher in morphing as an important technology in music videos.[393]
"Remember the Time" was an elaborate production, and became one of his longest videos at over nine minutes. Set in ancient Egypt, it featured groundbreaking visual effects and appearances by Eddie Murphy, Iman, and Magic Johnson, along with a distinct complex dance routine.[394] The video for "In the Closet" was Jackson's most sexually provocative piece. It featured supermodel Naomi Campbell in a courtship dance with Jackson. The video was banned in South Africa because of its imagery.[154]
The music video for "Scream", directed by Mark Romanek and production designer Tom Foden, is one of Jackson's most critically acclaimed. In 1995, it gained 11 MTV Video Music Award Nominations—more than any other music video—and won "Best Dance Video", "Best Choreography", and "Best Art Direction".[395] The song and its accompanying video are a response to the backlash Jackson received from the media after being accused of child molestation in 1993.[396] A year later, it won a Grammy for Best Music Video, Short Form; shortly afterwards Guinness World Records listed it as the most expensive music video ever made at a cost of $7 million.[203][397]
"Earth Song" was accompanied by an expensive and well-received music video that gained a Grammy nomination for Best Music Video, Short Form in 1997. The video had an environmental theme, showing images of animal cruelty, deforestation, pollution and war. Using special effects, time is reversed so that life returns, wars end, and the forests re-grow.[203][398] Released in 1997 and premiering at the 1996 Cannes Film Festival, Michael Jackson's Ghosts was a short film written by Jackson and Stephen King and directed by Stan Winston. The video for Ghosts is over 38 minutes long and holds the Guinness World Record as the world's longest music video.[203][212][399][400]
Legacy and influence
See also: Records and achievements of Michael Jackson and List of artists influenced by Michael Jackson

Pink star with a gold colored rim and the writing "Michael Jackson" in its center. The star is indented into the ground and is surrounded by a marble-colored floor.

 Jackson's star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame, set in 1984
The media has commonly referred to Jackson as the "King of Pop" because, throughout his career, he transformed the art of music videos and paved the way for modern pop music. The Daily Telegraph writer Tom Utley described Jackson in 2003 as "extremely important" and a "genius".[401] For much of his career, he had an "unparalleled" level of worldwide influence over the younger generation through his musical and humanitarian contributions.[205] Jackson's music and videos, such as Thriller, fostered racial diversity in MTV's roster, helped to put the relatively new channel into public awareness, and steered the channel's focus from rock to pop music and R&B, shaping the channel into a form that proved enduring. Jackson's work continues to influence numerous hip hop, rock, pop and R&B artists. BET described Jackson "as quite simply the greatest entertainer of all time" and someone who "revolutionized the music video and brought dances like the moonwalk to the world. Jackson's sound, style, movement and legacy continues to inspire artists of all genres."[402]
Allmusic's Steve Huey describes Jackson as "an unstoppable juggernaut, possessed of all the skills to dominate the charts seemingly at will: an instantly identifiable voice, eye-popping dance moves, stunning musical versatility and loads of sheer star power".[3] In the mid-1980s, Time magazine's pop music critic, Jay Cocks, noted "Jackson is the biggest thing since The Beatles. He is the hottest single phenomenon since Elvis Presley. He just may be the most popular black singer ever".[70] In 1990, Vanity Fair cited Jackson as the most popular artist in the history of show business.[136] In 2007, Jackson said, "Music has been my outlet, my gift to all of the lovers in this world. Through it, my music, I know I will live forever."[403]
Shortly after Jackson's death, on June 25, 2009, MTV briefly returned to its original music video format to celebrate and pay tribute to his work.[404] The channel aired many hours of Jackson's music videos, accompanied by live news specials featuring reactions from MTV personalities and other celebrities. The temporary shift in MTV's programming culminated the following week in the channel's live coverage of Jackson's memorial service.[405] At the memorial service on July 7, 2009, founder of Motown Records Berry Gordy proclaimed Jackson as "the greatest entertainer that ever lived".[406][407][408]
In 2010, two university librarians found that Jackson's influence extended into academia, and has been mentioned in scholarly literature pertaining to a range of subject matter.[409][410] The two researchers combed through various scholars' writings, and compiled an annotated bibliography of those writings. The bibliography located references to Jackson in research reports concerning music, popular culture, chemistry and an array of other topics.[409][411]
Honors and awards
See also: List of awards and nominations received by Michael Jackson



Thriller platinum record on display at the Hard Rock Cafe, Hollywood in Universal City, California
Michael Jackson was inducted onto the Hollywood Walk of Fame in 1980 as member of The Jacksons and in 1984 as solo artist. Throughout his career he received numerous honors and awards, including the World Music Awards' Best-Selling Pop Male Artist of the Millennium, the American Music Award's Artist of the Century Award and the Bambi Pop Artist of the Millennium Award.[218][412] He was a double-inductee of the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame, once as a member of The Jackson 5 in 1997 and later as a solo artist in 2001. Jackson was also inducted in several other hall of fames, including Vocal Group Hall of Fame (as The Jackson 5 member) in 1999 and the Songwriters Hall of Fame in 2002.[218] In 2010, Jackson was inducted into the Dance Hall of Fame as the first (and currently only) dancer from the world of pop and rock 'n' roll.[413] In 2014, Jackson was inducted into the second class of inductees to the Rhythm and Blues Music Hall of Fame; his father Joe Jackson accepted on his behalf.[414]
His awards include many Guinness World Records (eight in 2006 alone),[415] 13 Grammy Awards (as well as the Grammy Legend Award and the Grammy Lifetime Achievement Award), 26 American Music Awards (including the "Artist of the Century" and "Artist of the 1980s")—more than any artist—, 13 number one singles in the US in his solo career—more than any other male artist in the Hot 100 era[416]—and estimated sales of over 450 million records worldwide,[417][418][Note 1] which makes him one of the best selling artists of all time.[419][420][421][422][423] On December 29, 2009, the American Film Institute recognized Jackson's death as a "moment of significance" saying, "Michael Jackson's sudden death in June at age 50 was notable for the worldwide outpouring of grief and the unprecedented global eulogy of his posthumous concert rehearsal movie This Is It."[424] Michael Jackson also received a Doctor of Humane Letters Degree from the United Negro College Fund[425] and also an Honorary Doctorate of Humane Letters from Fisk University.[426]
Earnings and wealth
It is estimated that Michael Jackson earned about $750 million in his lifetime.[427] Sales of his recordings through Sony's music unit earned him an estimated $300 million in royalties. He may have also earned an additional $400 million from concerts, music publishing (including his share of the Beatles catalog) endorsements, merchandising and music videos. Estimating how much of these earnings Jackson was able to personally pocket is difficult because one has to account for taxes, recording costs and production costs.[428]
There have also been several detailed estimates of Jackson's net worth and these range from negative $285 million to positive $350 million.
Michael Jackson's estimated net-worth over the years

Year
Assets
Debt
Net worth
Source
2002 $130 million $415 million -$285 million Forensic accountant in 2005 recalling Jackson's 2002 balance sheet under oath[429]
2003 $550 million ($100 million in properties including Neverland ranch; Encino and Las Vegas homes and other properties and $450 million in music holdings including 50% stake in Sony ATV and other music publishing) $200 million $350 million Forbes magazine, November 21, 2003[430]
2007 $567.6 million (includes 50% share of the Sony/ATV catalog valued at $390.6 million, Neverland valued at $33 million, cars, antiques, collectibles and other property valued at $20 million, and $668,215 in cash) $331 million $236 million Michael Jackson's March 2007 statement of financial condition prepared by Washington-based accounting firm Thompson, Cobb, Bazilio & Associates; described by CBS News as the clearest account yet of Jackson's finances.[431]
U.S. Federal estate tax problems
On July 26, 2013, the executors of the Estate of Michael Jackson filed a petition in the United States Tax Court as a result of a dispute with the Internal Revenue Service (IRS) over U.S. federal estate taxes imposed on the value of Jackson's Estate at the time of his death. The executors of the Estate claim that the Estate was worth about $7 million. The IRS asserts that the Estate was worth over $1.1 billion, and that over $700 million in federal estate taxes (including penalties) are due.[432][433]
Discography
Main articles: Michael Jackson albums discography and Michael Jackson singles discography
See also: Jackson 5 discography
Got to Be There (1972)
Ben (1972)
Music & Me (1973)
Forever, Michael (1975)
Off the Wall (1979)
Thriller (1982)
Bad (1987)
Dangerous (1991)
HIStory: Past, Present and Future, Book I (1995)
Invincible (2001)
Filmography
See also: Michael Jackson videography
The Wiz (1978)
Captain EO (1986)
Moonwalker (1988)
Michael Jackson's Ghosts (1997)
Men in Black II (2002)
Miss Cast Away and the Island Girls (2004)
Michael Jackson's This Is It (2009)
Bad 25 (2012)
Michael Jackson: The Last Photo Shoot (2014)
Tours
Main article: List of concert tours by Michael Jackson and The Jackson 5
Bad (1987–89)
Dangerous World Tour (1992–93)
HIStory World Tour (1996–97)
MJ & Friends (1999)
This Is It (2009–10) (cancelled)
See also

Portal icon Michael Jackson portal
Portal icon The Jackson Family portal
Portal icon African American portal
Book icon Book: Michael Jackson

Honorific nicknames in popular music
List of cover versions of Michael Jackson songs
List of songs recorded by Michael Jackson
List of unreleased Michael Jackson songs
Michael Jackson-related games
Personal relationships of Michael Jackson
Notes
Note 1^
According to The Wall Street Journal and diverse news sites, the 750 million units sold by Michael Jackson is an inflated figure that was initially claimed by Raymone Bain (2006),[434][435] who was the singer's publicist at that time, without any factual evidence and probably in an effort to promote album sales.[436][437] From 2006 until present time, several sources such as MTV, Reuters, and Billboard have claimed that Michael Jackson has sold 750 million units, however, Adrian Strain, a representative from the International Federation of the Phonographic Industry (IFPI) has said that this figure is unreal.
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188.Jump up ^ "Jackson Attorney: FBI Files Are 'Almost Vindication'" December 23, 2009. By LEE FERRAN and EILEEN MURPHY|ABCNews|Retrieved June 16, 2014.
189.Jump up ^ "Police Say Seized Tapes Do Not Incriminate Jackson : Investigation: Officials continue to interview children in connection with molestation allegations". August 27, 1993. Retrieved June 18, 2014.
190.Jump up ^ "Tapes Used to Allege Plot to Extort Jackson Released : Inquiry: Singer's aides provide purported comments by boy's father, who has told friends allegations are untrue.". August 31, 1993. Retrieved June 18, 2014.
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433.Jump up ^ Estate of Michael J. Jackson v. Commissioner, case no. 017152-13, U.S. Tax Court.
434.Jump up ^ Bain, Raymone. "Michael To Give Away 200 FREE Tickets To Fans, And Discounted Rates". Kingofpop.info. Archived from the original (WEBSITE FROM FANCLUB OF MICHAEL JACKSON) on 2006. Retrieved January 17, 2013.
435.Jump up ^ Bain, Raymone (October 31, 2006). "Statement from Raymone Bain to all fans and fanclubs". Mjtmc.com. Archived from the original (WEBSITE FROM FANCLUB OF MICHAEL JACKSON) on February 26, 2012. Retrieved January 10, 2013.
436.Jump up ^ Lara, David (May 12, 2012). "Michael Jackson's 'Bad' Gets a Revamp and More Inflated Sales!". Impre (ImpreMedia). Retrieved January 17, 2013.
437.Jump up ^ Bialik, Carl (July 15, 2009). "Spun: The Off-the-Wall Accounting of Record Sales". The Wall Street Journal. Retrieved January 17, 2013.
Sources
Brackett, Nathan; Hoard, Christian (2004). The Rolling Stone Album Guide. Fireside. ISBN 0-7432-0169-8.
Campbell, Lisa (1993). Michael Jackson: The King of Pop. Branden. ISBN 0-8283-1957-X.
Campbell, Lisa (1995). Michael Jackson: The King of Pop's Darkest Hour. Branden. ISBN 0-8283-2003-9.
Dineen, Catherine (1993). Michael Jackson: In His Own Words. Omnibus Press. ISBN 0-7119-3216-6.
George, Nelson (2004). Michael Jackson: The Ultimate Collection booklet. Sony BMG.
Giambusso, David (June 25, 2009). "Michael Jackson memorabilia owner recalls turbulent past with musical family". The Star-Ledger (New Jersey).
Grant, Adrian (2005). Michael Jackson: The Visual Documentary. Omnibus Press. ISBN 1-84449-432-2.
Guinness World Records (2003). Guinness World Records 2004. Guinness. ISBN 1-892051-20-6.
Guinness World Records (2005). Guinness World Records 2006. Guinness. ISBN 1-904994-02-4.
Jackson, Michael (2009) [First published 1988]. Moonwalk. Random House. ISBN 978-0-307-71698-9.
Jackson, Michael (2006). My World, The Official Photobook, Vol. 1. Triumph International. ISBN 0-9768891-1-0.
Jones, Bob (2005). Michael Jackson: The Man Behind the Mask. Select Books Inc. ISBN 1-59079-072-3.
Jefferson, Margo (2007). On Michael Jackson. Vintage Books. ISBN 978-0-307-27765-7.
Lewis Jones, Jel D. (2005). Michael Jackson, the King of Pop: The Big Picture: the Music! the Man! the Legend! the Interviews: an Anthology. Amber Books Publishing. p. 3. ISBN 978-0-9749779-0-4.
Noonan, Damien (1994). Michael Jackson (Audio book). Carlton Books. ISBN 1-85797-587-1.
Ramage, John D.; Bean, John C.; Johnson, June (2001). Writing arguments: a rhetoric with readings. Allyn and Bacon. ISBN 0-205-31745-6.
Stegner-Petitjean, Isabelle (2011). ""The Voice in the Mirror". Michael Jackson: from a vocal identity to its double in sound". Volume! / Éditions Mélanie Seteun.
Taraborrelli, J. Randy (2009). Michael Jackson: The Magic, The Madness, The Whole Story, 1958–2009. Terra Alta, WV: Grand Central Publishing, 2009. ISBN 0-446-56474-5.
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Michael Jackson

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For other people named Michael Jackson, see Michael Jackson (disambiguation).

Michael Jackson
Michael Jackson in 1988.jpg
Jackson performing in 1988, during the Bad world tour.

Born
Michael Joseph Jackson
August 29, 1958
Gary, Indiana, U.S.
Died
June 25, 2009 (aged 50)
Los Angeles, California, U.S.

Cause of death
 Cardiac arrest induced by propofol and benzodiazepine intoxication

Resting place
 Glendale, California, U.S.
Residence
Los Olivos, California, U.S.
Other names
Michael Joe Jackson
Occupation
Singer ·
 songwriter ·
 dancer ·
 actor ·
 record producer ·
 businessman ·
 philanthropist
 
Net worth
Increase U.S. $1.178 billion (2009 estimate)[1]
Religion
Jehovah's Witness (1965–1987)
 Christianity (1987–2009)
Spouse(s)
Lisa Marie Presley
 (m. 1994–1996; divorced)
Deborah Jeanne Rowe
 (m. 1996–1999; divorced)

Children
Michael Joseph Jackson, Jr.
 Paris-Michael Katherine Jackson
 Prince Michael Jackson II
Parent(s)
Joseph Walter Jackson
Katherine Esther Scruse
Musical career
Genres
Pop ·
 dance-pop ·
 R&B ·
 disco ·
 post-disco ·
 rock ·
 new jack swing
 
Instruments
Vocals
 
Years active
1964–2009
Labels
Steeltown ·
 Motown ·
 Epic ·
 Legacy ·
 MJJ Productions
 
Associated acts
The Jackson 5
Signature
Michael Jackson's signature
Michael Joseph Jackson[2][3] (August 29, 1958 – June 25, 2009) was an American singer, songwriter, record producer, dancer, and actor. Called the King of Pop,[4][5] his contributions to music and dance, along with his publicized personal life, made him a global figure in popular culture for over four decades.
The eighth child of the Jackson family, he debuted on the professional music scene along with his elder brothers Jackie, Tito, Jermaine, and Marlon as a member of the Jackson 5 in 1964, and began his solo career in 1971. In the early 1980s, Jackson became a dominant figure in popular music. The music videos for his songs, including those of "Beat It", "Billie Jean", and "Thriller", were credited with breaking down racial barriers and with transforming the medium into an art form and promotional tool. The popularity of these videos helped to bring the then-relatively-new television channel MTV to fame. With videos such as "Black or White" and "Scream", he continued to innovate the medium throughout the 1990s, as well as forging a reputation as a touring solo artist. Through stage and video performances, Jackson popularized a number of complicated dance techniques, such as the robot and the moonwalk, to which he gave the name. His distinctive sound and style has influenced numerous hip hop, post-disco, contemporary R&B, pop, and rock artists.
Jackson's 1982 album Thriller is the best selling album of all time. His other albums, including Off the Wall (1979), Bad (1987), Dangerous (1991), and HIStory (1995), also rank among the world's best selling albums. Jackson is one of the few artists to have been inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame twice. He was also inducted into the Songwriters Hall of Fame and the Dance Hall of Fame as the first and only dancer from pop and rock music. His other achievements include multiple Guinness World Records; 13 Grammy Awards, as well as the Grammy Legend Award and the Grammy Lifetime Achievement Award; 26 American Music Awards—more than any other artist—including the "Artist of the Century" and "Artist of the 1980s"; 13 number-one singles in the United States during his solo career, more than any other male artist in the Hot 100 era; and the estimated sale of over 400 million records worldwide.[Note 1] Jackson has won hundreds of awards, making him the most awarded recording artist in the history of popular music.[6] Jackson became the first artist in history to have a top ten single in the Billboard Hot 100 in five different decades when "Love Never Felt So Good" reached number nine on May 21, 2014.[7] Jackson traveled the world attending events honoring his humanitarianism, and, in 2000, the Guinness World Records recognized him for supporting 39 charities, more than any other entertainer.[8]
Aspects of Jackson's personal life, including his changing appearance, personal relationships, and behavior, generated controversy. In the mid-1990s, he was accused of child sexual abuse, but the civil case was settled out of court for an undisclosed amount and no formal charges were brought.[9] In 2005, he was tried and acquitted of further child sexual abuse allegations and several other charges after the jury found him not guilty on all counts. While preparing for his comeback concert series titled This Is It, Jackson died of acute propofol and benzodiazepine intoxication on June 25, 2009, after suffering from cardiac arrest. The Los Angeles County Coroner ruled his death a homicide, and his personal physician Conrad Murray was convicted of involuntary manslaughter. Jackson's death triggered a global outpouring of grief and a live broadcast of his public memorial service was viewed around the world.[10]


Contents  [hide]
1 Life and career 1.1 1958–75: Early life and The Jackson 5
1.2 1975–81: Move to Epic and Off the Wall
1.3 1982–83: Thriller and Motown 25: Yesterday, Today, Forever
1.4 1984–85: Pepsi, "We Are the World", and business career
1.5 1986–90: Appearance, tabloids, Bad, films, autobiography, and Neverland
1.6 1991–93: Dangerous, Heal the World Foundation, and Super Bowl XXVII
1.7 1993–94: First child sexual abuse allegations and first marriage
1.8 1995–99: HIStory, second marriage, and fatherhood
1.9 2000–03: Label dispute and Invincible
1.10 2003–05: Second child sexual abuse allegations and acquittal
1.11 2006–09: Closure of Neverland, final years, and This Is It
2 Death and memorial 2.1 Aftermath
3 Artistry 3.1 Influences
3.2 Musical themes and genres
3.3 Vocal style
3.4 Music videos and choreography
4 Legacy and influence
5 Honors and awards
6 Earnings and wealth 6.1 U.S. Federal estate tax problems
7 Discography
8 Filmography
9 Tours
10 See also
11 Notes
12 References 12.1 Citations
12.2 Sources
13 External links

Life and career
1958–75: Early life and The Jackson 5

The single-storey house has white walls, two windows, a central white door with a black door frame, and a black roof. In front of the house there is a walk way and multiple colored flowers and memorabilia.

 Jackson's childhood home in Gary, Indiana, showing floral tributes after his death
Michael Joseph Jackson was born on August 29, 1958. He was the eighth of ten children in an African-American working-class family who lived in a two-bedroom house in Gary, Indiana, an industrial city and a part of the Chicago metropolitan area.[11][12] His mother, Katherine Esther Scruse, was a devout Jehovah's Witness. She once aspired to be a country and western performer who played clarinet and piano, but worked part-time at Sears to help support the family.[13] His father, Joseph Walter "Joe" Jackson, a former boxer, was a steelworker at U.S. Steel. Joe also performed on guitar with a local R&B band called The Falcons to supplement the family's household income.[14] Michael grew up with three sisters (Rebbie, La Toya, and Janet) and five brothers (Jackie, Tito, Jermaine, Marlon, and Randy).[15] A sixth brother, Marlon's elder twin Brandon, died shortly after birth.[16]
Jackson had a troubled relationship with his father, Joe.[17][18] In 2003, Joe acknowledged that he regularly whipped Jackson as a boy.[19] Joe was also said to have verbally abused his son, often saying that he had a "fat nose".[20] Jackson stated that he was physically and emotionally abused during incessant rehearsals, though he also credited his father's strict discipline with playing a large role in his success.[17] Speaking openly about his childhood in an interview with Oprah Winfrey, broadcast in February 1993, Jackson acknowledged that his youth had been lonely and isolating.[21] Jackson's deep dissatisfaction with his appearance, his nightmares and chronic sleep problems, his tendency to remain hyper-compliant, especially with his father, and to remain childlike throughout his adult life, are consistent with the effects of the maltreatment he endured as a young child.[22]
In an interview with Martin Bashir, later included in the 2003 broadcast of Living with Michael Jackson, Jackson acknowledged that his father hurt him when he was a child, recalling that Joseph often sat in a chair with a belt in his hand as he and his siblings rehearsed, and that "if you didn't do it the right way, he would tear you up, really get you."[23][24] Both of Jackson's parents have disagreed with the longstanding allegations of abuse, with Katherine stating that while the whippings are considered abuse today, such action was a common way to discipline children back then.[25][26][27] Jackie, Tito, Jermaine and Marlon have also said that their father is not abusive, but rather misunderstood.[28]



 Jackson (center) as a member of The Jackson 5 in 1972
In 1965, Michael and Marlon joined the Jackson Brothers—a band formed by their father and which included brothers Jackie, Tito, and Jermaine—as backup musicians playing congas and tambourine. In 1966, Jackson began sharing lead vocals with his older brother Jermaine, and the group's name was changed to The Jackson 5.[15] That following year, the group won a major local talent show with Jackson performing James Brown's "I Got You (I Feel Good)".[29] From 1966 to 1968 the band toured the Midwest, frequently performing at a string of black clubs known as the "chitlin' circuit" as the opening act for R&B artists that included Sam and Dave, The O'Jays, Gladys Knight, and Etta James. The Jackson 5 also performed at clubs and cocktail lounges, where striptease shows and other adult acts were featured, and at local auditoriums and high school dances.[30][31] In August 1967, while touring the East coast, the group won a weekly amateur night concert at The Apollo Theater in Harlem.[32]
The Jackson 5 recorded several songs, including "Big Boy" (1968), their first single, for Steeltown Records, a Gary, Indiana, record label,[33] before signing with Motown Records in 1969.[15] The Jackson 5 left Gary in 1969 and relocated to the Los Angeles area, where they continued to record music for Motown.[34] Rolling Stone magazine later described the young Michael as "a prodigy" with "overwhelming musical gifts," writing that he "quickly emerged as the main draw and lead singer."[35] The group set a chart record when its first four singles—"I Want You Back" (1969), "ABC" (1970), "The Love You Save" (1970), and "I'll Be There" (1970)—peaked at number one on the Billboard Hot 100.[15] In May 1971, the Jackson family moved into a large home on two-acre estate in Encino, California,[36] where Michael evolved from child performer into a teen idol.[37] As Jackson began to emerge as a solo performer in the early 1970s, he continued to maintain ties to The Jackson 5 and Motown. Between 1972, when his solo career began, and 1975, Michael released four solo studio albums with Motown: Got to Be There (1972), Ben (1972), Music and Me (1973), and Forever, Michael (1975).[38] "Got to Be There" and "Ben", the title tracks from his first two solo albums, produced successful singles, as did a remake of Bobby Day's "Rockin' Robin".[39]
The Jackson 5 were later described as "a cutting-edge example of black crossover artists."[40] Although the group's sales began declining in 1973, and the band members chafed under Motown's refusal to allow them creative control or input, they continued to score several top 40 hits, including the top five single, "Dancing Machine" (1974), before the group left Motown in 1975.[41]
1975–81: Move to Epic and Off the Wall
In June 1975, the Jackson 5 signed with Epic Records, a subsidiary of CBS Records,[41] and renamed themselves the Jacksons. Younger brother Randy formally joined the band around this time, while Jermaine chose to stay with Motown and pursue a solo career.[42] The Jacksons continued to tour internationally, and released six more albums between 1976 and 1984. Michael, the group's lead songwriter during this time, wrote hits such as "Shake Your Body (Down to the Ground)" (1979), "This Place Hotel" (1980), and "Can You Feel It" (1980).[29] Jackson's work in film began in 1978, when he starred as the Scarecrow in The Wiz, a musical directed by Sidney Lumet that also starred Diana Ross, Nipsey Russell, and Ted Ross.[43] The film was a box-office disaster.[44] While working on the film Jackson met Quincy Jones, who was arranging the film's musical score, and Jones agreed to produce Jackson's next solo album, Off the Wall.[45] In 1979, Jackson broke his nose during a complex dance routine. His subsequent rhinoplasty was not a complete success; he complained of breathing difficulties that would affect his career. He was referred to Dr. Steven Hoefflin, who performed Jackson's second rhinoplasty and subsequent operations.[46]
Off the Wall (1979), which Jones and Jackson co-produced, established Jackson as a solo performer. The album helped Jackson transition from the "bubblegum pop" of his youth to the more complex sounds he would create as an adult.[47] Songwriters for the album included Jackson, Rod Temperton, Stevie Wonder, and Paul McCartney. Off the Wall was the first solo album to generate four top 10 hits in the United States: "Off the Wall", "She’s Out of My Life", and the chart-topping singles "Don't Stop 'til You Get Enough" and "Rock with You".[48][49] The album reached number three on the Billboard 200 and eventually sold over 20 million copies worldwide.[50] In 1980, Jackson won three awards at the American Music Awards for his solo efforts: Favorite Soul/R&B Album, Favorite Soul/R&B Male Artist, and Favorite Soul/R&B Single for "Don't Stop 'Til You Get Enough".[51][52] He also won Billboard Year-End awards for Top Black Artist and Top Black Album, and a Grammy Award for Best Male R&B Vocal Performance for 1979 with "Don't Stop 'Til You Get Enough".[48] In 1981 Jackson was the American Music Awards winner for Favorite Soul/R&B Album and Favorite Soul/R&B Male Artist.[53] Despite its commercial success, Jackson felt Off the Wall should have made a much bigger impact, and was determined to exceed expectations with his next release.[54] In 1980, he secured the highest royalty rate in the music industry: 37 percent of wholesale album profit.[55]
1982–83: Thriller and Motown 25: Yesterday, Today, Forever
In 1982, Jackson combined his interests in songwriting and film when he contributed the song "Someone In the Dark" to the storybook for the film E.T. the Extra-Terrestrial. The song, with Quincy Jones as its producer, won a Grammy for Best Recording for Children for 1983.[56] Even more success came after the release of Thriller in late 1982. The album earned Jackson seven more Grammys[56] and eight American Music Awards, including the Award of Merit, the youngest artist to win it.[57]
"Thriller" was the best-selling album worldwide in 1983.[58][59] It became the best-selling album of all time in the United States,[60] and the best-selling album of all time worldwide, selling an estimated 65 million copies.[61] The album topped the Billboard 200 chart for 37 weeks and was in the top 10 of the 200 for 80 consecutive weeks. It was the first album to have seven Billboard Hot 100 top 10 singles, including "Billie Jean", "Beat It", and "Wanna Be Startin' Somethin'".[62] In March 2009 Thriller was certified for 29 million shipments by the RIAA,[63] giving it Double Diamond status in the United States. Thriller won Jackson and Quincy Jones the Grammy award for Producer of the Year (Non-Classical) for 1983. It also won Album of the Year, with Jackson as the album’s artist and Jones as its co-producer, and a Best Pop Vocal Performance, Male, award for Jackson. "Beat It" won Record of the Year, with Jackson as artist and Jones as co-producer, and a Best Rock Vocal Performance, Male, award for Jackson. "Billie Jean" won Jackson two Grammy awards, Best R&B Song, with Jackson as its songwriter, and Best R&B Vocal Performance, Male, as its artist.[56] Thriller also won another Grammy for Best Engineered Recording – Non Classical in 1984, awarding Bruce Swedien for his work on the album.[64] The AMA Awards for 1984 provided Jackson with an Award of Merit and AMAs for Favorite Male Artist, Soul/R&B, and Favorite Male Artist, Pop/Rock. "Beat It" won Jackson AMAs for Favorite Video, Soul/R&B, Favorite Video, Pop/Rock, and Favorite Single, Pop/Rock. Thriller won him AMAs for Favorite Album, Soul/R&B, and Favorite Album, Pop/Rock.[57][65]
In addition to the award-winning album, Jackson released "Thriller", a fourteen-minute music video short directed by John Landis, in 1983.[66] It "defined music videos and broke racial barriers" on the Music Television Channel (MTV), a fledgling entertainment television channel at the time.[47] In December 2009, the Library of Congress selected the music video for "Thriller" for inclusion in the National Film Registry. It was one of twenty-five films named that year as "works of enduring importance to American culture" that would be "preserved for all time."[67][68] The zombie-themed "Thriller" is the first and, as of 2009, the only music video to be inducted into the registry.[66][68][69]
Jackson's attorney John Branca noted that Jackson had the highest royalty rate in the music industry at that point: approximately $2 for every album sold. He was also making record-breaking profits from sales of his recordings. The videocassette of the documentary The Making of Michael Jackson's Thriller sold over 350,000 copies in a few months. The era saw the arrival of novelties like dolls modeled after Michael Jackson, which appeared in stores in May 1984 at a price of $12.[70] Biographer J. Randy Taraborrelli writes that, "Thriller stopped selling like a leisure item—like a magazine, a toy, tickets to a hit movie—and started selling like a household staple."[71] In 1985, The Making of Michael Jackson's Thriller won a Grammy for Best Music Video, Longform.[56] Time described Jackson's influence at that point as "Star of records, radio, rock video. A one-man rescue team for the music business. A songwriter who sets the beat for a decade. A dancer with the fanciest feet on the street. A singer who cuts across all boundaries of taste and style and color too".[70] The New York Times wrote that, "in the world of pop music, there is Michael Jackson and there is everybody else".[72]
A defining point in Jackson's career took place on March 25, 1983, when Michael reunited with his brothers for a legendary live performance, which was taped at the Pasadena Civic Auditorium, for Motown 25: Yesterday, Today, Forever, an NBC television special. The show aired on May 16, 1983, to an estimated audience of 47 million viewers, and featured the Jacksons and other Motown stars.[73] The show is best remembered for Jackson's solo performance of "Billie Jean", which earned Jackson his first Emmy nomination.[74] Wearing a distinctive black-sequined jacket and a golf glove decorated with rhinestones, he debuted his signature dance move, the moonwalk, which former Soul Train dancer and Shalamar member Jeffrey Daniel had taught him three years earlier.[75] Jackson originally turned down the invitation to perform at the show, believing he had been doing too much television at the time. However at the request of Berry Gordy, Jackson relented and agreed to perform at the show in exchange for time to do a solo performance.[76] According to Rolling Stones reporter Mikal Gilmore, "There are times when you know you are hearing or seeing something extraordinary...that came that night."[37] Jackson's performance drew comparisons to Elvis Presley's and The Beatles' appearances on The Ed Sullivan Show.[77] Anna Kisselgoff of The New York Times later wrote, "The moonwalk that he made famous is an apt metaphor for his dance style. How does he do it? As a technician, he is a great illusionist, a genuine mime. His ability to keep one leg straight as he glides while the other bends and seems to walk requires perfect timing."[78] Berry Gordy said of the performance, "from the first beat of Billie Jean, I was mesmerized, and when he did his iconic moonwalk, I was shocked, it was magic, Michael Jackson went into orbit, and never came down."[79]
1984–85: Pepsi, "We Are the World", and business career
By the mid-1980s Jackson's award-winning musical career contributed to his commercial appeal, which proved to be substantial. In November 1983 Jackson, along with his brothers, partnered with PepsiCo in a $5 million promotional deal that broke advertising industry records for a celebrity endorsement. The first Pepsi campaign, which ran in the United States from 1983 to 1984 and launched its "New Generation" theme, included advertising, tour sponsorship, public relations events, and in-store displays. Jackson, who was actively involved in creating the iconic Pepsi advertisement, suggested using his song, "Billie Jean", as its musical jingle with a revised chorus.[80] According a Billboard report in 2009, Brian J. Murphy, executive VP of branded management at TBA Global, commented, "You couldn’t separate the tour from the endorsement from the licensing of the music, and then the integration of the music into the Pepsi fabric."[80]
On January 27, 1984, Michael and other members of the Jacksons filmed a Pepsi Cola commercial that was overseen by executive Phil Dusenberry,[81] a BBDO ad agency executive, and Alan Pottasch, Pepsi's Worldwide Creative Director, at the Shrine Auditorium in Los Angeles. In front of a full house of fans during a simulated concert, pyrotechnics accidentally set Jackson's hair on fire, causing second-degree burns to his scalp. Jackson underwent treatment to hide the scars on his scalp, and had his third rhinoplasty shortly thereafter.[46] Pepsi settled out of court, and Jackson donated his $1.5 million settlement to the Brotman Medical Center in Culver City, California. Its Michael Jackson Burn Center is named in his honor.[82] Dusenberry later recounted the episode in his memoir, Then We Set His Hair on Fire: Insights and Accidents from a Hall of Fame Career in Advertising. Jackson signed a second agreement with Pepsi in the late 1980s for a reported $10 million. The second campaign had a global reach to more than twenty countries and provided financial support for Jackson's Bad album and his world tour in 1987–88.[80] Although Jackson had endorsements and advertising deals with other companies, such as L.A. Gear, Suzuki, and Sony, none were as significant as his deals with Pepsi, which later signed other music stars such as Britney Spears and Beyoncé to promote its products.[80][80][83]

President Reagan wearing a suit and tie stands at a podium and turns to smile at Mrs Reagan, who is wearing a white outfit, and Jackson, who is wearing a white shirt with a blue jacket and a yellow strap across his chest.

 Jackson at the White House being presented with an award by President Ronald Reagan and first lady Nancy Reagan, 1984
Jackson’s humanitarian work was recognized on May 14, 1984, when he was invited to the White House to receive an award from President Ronald Reagan for his support of charities that helped people overcome alcohol and drug abuse,[84] and in recognition of his support for the Ad Council's and the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration's Drunk Driving Prevention campaign. Jackson donated the use of "Beat It" for the campaign's public service announcements.[85]
Unlike later albums, Thriller did not have an official tour to promote it, but the Victory Tour of 1984 headlined The Jacksons and showcased much of Jackson's new solo material to more than two million Americans. It was the last tour he would do with his brothers.[86] Following a controversy over the concert's ticket sales, Jackson held a press conference and announced that he would donate his share of the proceeds from the Victory Tour, an estimated $3 to 5 million, to charity.[87][88] Jackson's charitable work and humanitarian awards continued with the release of "We Are the World" (1985), which he co-wrote with Lionel Richie.[89] Released worldwide in March 1985 to aid the poor in the United States and Africa, the song earned $63 million for famine relief,[90] and became one of the best-selling singles of all time, with nearly 20 million copies sold. "We Are the World" won four Grammys for 1985, including Song of the Year going to Jackson and Richie as its co-songwriters.[89] Although the American Music Award directors removed the charity song from the competition because they felt it would be inappropriate, the AMA show in 1986 concluded with a tribute to the song in honor of its first anniversary. (The song was recorded on January 28, 1985).[91] The project's creators received two special AMA honors: one for the creation of the song and another for the USA for Africa idea. Jackson, Quincy Jones, and entertainment promoter Ken Kragan received special awards for their roles in creation of the song.[91][92][93][94]
Jackson's financial interests in the music publishing business expanded after collaborating with Paul McCartney in the early 1980s. He subsequently learned that McCartney made approximately $40 million a year from other people's songs.[90] By 1983 Jackson had begun investing in publishing rights to songs that others had written, but he was careful with his acquisitions, only bidding on a few of the dozens that were offered to him. Jackson’s early acquisitions of music catalogs and song copyrights such as the Sly Stone collection included "Everyday People" (1968), Len Barry's "1–2–3" (1965), and Dion DiMucci's "The Wanderer" (1961) and "Runaround Sue" (1961); however, Jackson's most significant purchase came in 1985, when he acquired the publishing rights to ATV Music Publishing after months of negotiation.[90] ATV had acquired the publishing rights to nearly 4000 songs, including the Northern Songs catalog that contained the majority of the Lennon–McCartney compositions recorded by The Beatles.[95]
In 1984, Robert Holmes à Court, the wealthy Australian investor who owned ATV Music Publishing, announced he was putting the ATV catalog up for sale.[95] In 1981,[96] McCartney was offered the ATV music catalog for £20 million ($40 million).[90][97] According to McCartney, he contacted Yoko Ono about making a joint purchase by splitting the cost at £10 million each, but Ono thought they could buy it for £5 million each.[90][97] When they were unable to make a joint purchase, McCartney, who did not want to be the sole owner of the Beatles' songs, did not pursue an offer on his own.[96][97] According to a negotiator for Holmes à Court in the 1984 sale, "We had given Paul McCartney first right of refusal but Paul didn't want it at that time."[98]
Jackson was first informed about the sale by his attorney, John Branca, in September 1984.[95] An attorney for McCartney also assured Branca that McCartney was not interested in bidding. McCartney reportedly said "It's too pricey",[90][96] but several other companies and investors were interested in bidding. Jackson submitted a bid of $46 million on November 20, 1984.[95] His agents thought they had a deal several times, but encountered new bidders or new areas of debate. In May 1985, Jackson's team walked away from talks after having spent more than $1 million and four months of due diligence work on the negotiations.[95] In June 1985 Jackson and Branca learned that Charles Koppelman's and Marty Bandier's The Entertainment Company had made a tentative agreement with Holmes à Court to buy ATV Music for $50 million; however, in early August, Holmes à Court's team contacted Jackson and talks resumed. Jackson raised his bid to $47.5 million, which was accepted because he could close the deal more quickly, having already completed due diligence of ATV Music.[95] Jackson also agreed to visit Holmes à Court in Australia, where he would appear on the Channel Seven Perth Telethon.[98] Jackson's purchase of ATV Music was finalized on August 10, 1985.[95]
1986–90: Appearance, tabloids, Bad, films, autobiography, and Neverland
See also: Michael Jackson's health and appearance
Jackson's skin had been a medium-brown color for the entire duration of his youth, but starting in the mid-1980s, it gradually grew paler. The change gained widespread media coverage, including rumors that he might be bleaching his skin.[99] According to J. Randy Taraborrelli's biography, in 1986, Jackson was diagnosed with vitiligo which Taroberrelli noted, may be a consequence of skin bleaching. Taraborelli claimed Jackson was diagnosed with lupus; the vitiligo partially lightened his skin, and the lupus was in remission; both illnesses made him sensitive to sunlight. The treatments he used for his condition further lightened his skin tone, and, with the application of pancake makeup to even out blotches, he could appear very pale.[100] Jackson was also diagnosed with vitiligo in his autopsy though not with lupus.[101]
Jackson claimed that he had only two rhinoplasties and no other surgery on his face, although at one point he mentioned having a dimple created in his chin. Jackson lost weight in the early 1980s because of a change in diet and a desire for "a dancer's body".[102] Witnesses reported that he was often dizzy and speculated that he was suffering from anorexia nervosa; periods of weight loss would become a recurring problem later in life.[103]
During the course of his treatment, Jackson made two close friends: his dermatologist, Dr. Arnold Klein, and Klein's nurse Debbie Rowe. Rowe eventually became Jackson's second wife and the mother of his two eldest children. He also relied heavily on Klein for medical and business advice.[104]
Jackson became the subject of increasingly sensational reports. In 1986, the tabloids ran a story claiming that Jackson slept in a hyperbaric oxygen chamber to slow the aging process; he was pictured lying down in a glass box. Although the claim was untrue, according to tabloid reports that are widely cited, Jackson had disseminated the fabricated story himself.[105] When Jackson bought a chimpanzee called Bubbles from a laboratory, he was reported to be increasingly detached from reality.[106] It was reported that Jackson had offered to buy the bones of Joseph Merrick (the "elephant man") and although untrue, Jackson did not deny the story.[107] Although initially he saw these stories as opportunities for publicity, he stopped leaking untruths to the press as they became more sensational. Consequently the media began making up their own stories.[105][108][109] These reports became embedded in the public consciousness, inspiring the nickname "Wacko Jacko", which Jackson came to despise.[110] Responding to the gossip, Jackson remarked to Taraborrelli:

Why not just tell people I'm an alien from Mars? Tell them I eat live chickens and do a voodoo dance at midnight. They'll believe anything you say, because you're a reporter. But if I, Michael Jackson, were to say, "I'm an alien from Mars and I eat live chickens and do a voodoo dance at midnight," people would say, "Oh, man, that Michael Jackson is nuts. He's cracked up. You can't believe a single word that comes out of his mouth."[111]

A black jacket with five round golden medals on its left and right shoulders, a gold band on its left arm sleeve, and two belt straps on the right bottom sleeve. Underneath the jacket is a golden belt, with a round ornament in its center.

 Jackson wore a gold-plated military style jacket with belt during the Bad era
Jackson collaborated with George Lucas and Francis Ford Coppola on the 17-minute 3-D film Captain EO, which debuted in September 1986 at both the original Disneyland and at EPCOT in Florida, and in March 1987 at Tokyo Disneyland. The $30 million movie was a popular attraction at all three parks. A Captain EO attraction was later featured at Euro Disneyland after that park opened in 1992. All four parks' Captain EO installations stayed open well into the 1990s: the Paris installation was the last one to close, in 1998.[112] The attraction would later return to Disneyland in 2010 after Jackson's death.[113]
In 1987, Jackson disassociated himself from the Jehovah's Witnesses, in response to their disapproval of the Thriller video.[114] With the industry expecting another major hit, Jackson's first album in five years, Bad (1987), was highly anticipated.[115] It did not top Thriller as a commercial or artistic triumph, but Bad was still a substantial success in its own right.



 Jackson performing in 1988
The Bad album spawned seven hit singles in the U.S., five of which ("I Just Can't Stop Loving You", "Bad", "The Way You Make Me Feel", "Man in the Mirror" and "Dirty Diana") reached number one on the Billboard Hot 100 charts. This was a record for most number one Hot 100 singles from any one album, including Thriller.[116] Although the title track's video was arguably derivative of the video for the earlier single "Beat It", the "Bad" video still proved to be one of Jackson's iconic moments. It was a gritty but colorful epic set against the backdrop of the New York City Subway system, with costuming and choreography inspired by West Side Story. As of 2012, the album sold between 30 to 45 million copies worldwide.[117][118][119][120][121][122] Thanks to the Bad album, Bruce Swedien, and Humberto Gatica won one Grammy in 1988 for Best Engineered Recording – Non Classical and Michael Jackson won one Grammy for Best Music Video, Short Form for "Leave Me Alone" in 1989.[56][64] In the same year, Jackson won an Award of Achievement at the American Music Awards because Bad is the first album ever to generate five number one singles in the U.S., the first album to top in 25 countries and the best-selling album worldwide in 1987 and in 1988.[123][124][125][126] In 1988, "Bad" won an American Music Award for Favorite Soul/R&B Single.[127]
The Bad world tour began on September 12 that year, finishing on January 14, 1989.[128] In Japan alone, the tour had 14 sellouts and drew 570,000 people, nearly tripling the previous record of 200,000 in a single tour.[129] Jackson broke a Guinness World Record when 504,000 people attended seven sold-out shows at Wembley Stadium.[130] He performed a total of 123 concerts to an audience of 4.4 million people.[131][132] The Bad Tour turned out to be the last of Jackson's concert tours to include shows in the continental United States, although later tours did make it to Hawaii.
In 1988, Jackson released his only autobiography, Moonwalk, which took four years to complete and sold 200,000 copies.[133] Jackson wrote about his childhood, The Jackson 5, and the abuse he had suffered.[134] He also wrote about his facial appearance, saying he had had two rhinoplastic surgeries and a dimple created in his chin.[102] He attributed much of the change in the structure of his face to puberty, weight loss, a strict vegetarian diet, a change in hair style, and stage lighting.[102] Moonwalk reached the top position on The New York Times best sellers' list.[135] The musician then released a film called Moonwalker, which featured live footage and short films that starred Jackson and Joe Pesci. The film was originally intended to be released to theaters, but due to financial issues, the film was released direct-to-video. It saw a theatrical release in Germany, though. It debuted atop the Billboard Top Music Video Cassette chart, staying there for 22 weeks. It was eventually knocked off the top spot by Michael Jackson: The Legend Continues.[136]
In March 1988, Jackson purchased land near Santa Ynez, California, to build Neverland Ranch at a cost of $17 million. He installed several carnival rides on the 2,700-acre (11 km2) property including a Ferris wheel, a carousel and a menagerie, as well as a movie theater and a petting zoo. A security staff of 40 patrolled the grounds. In 2003, it was valued at approximately $100 million.[137][138] In 1989, his annual earnings from album sales, endorsements, and concerts were estimated at $125 million for that year alone.[139] Shortly afterwards, he became the first Westerner to appear in a television ad in the Soviet Union.[136]
His success resulted in him being dubbed the "King of Pop".[140][141][142][143] The nickname was popularized by Elizabeth Taylor when she presented him with the Soul Train Heritage Award in 1989, proclaiming him "the true king of pop, rock and soul."[144] President George H.W. Bush designated him the White House's "Artist of the Decade".[145] From 1985 to 1990, he donated $455,000 to the United Negro College Fund,[146] and all of the profits from his single "Man in the Mirror" went to charity.[147] Jackson's live rendition of "You Were There" at Sammy Davis, Jr.'s 60th birthday celebration allowed Jackson to receive his second Emmy nomination.[74][136]
1991–93: Dangerous, Heal the World Foundation, and Super Bowl XXVII
In March 1991, Jackson renewed his contract with Sony for $65 million, a record-breaking deal at the time,[148] displacing Neil Diamond's renewal contract with Columbia Records.[149] He released his eighth album, Dangerous, in 1991. The Dangerous album was co-produced with Teddy Riley, who convinced Michael to feature a rapper on his album for the first time. As of 2013, the album has shipped seven million copies in the U.S. and has sold approximately 30 million copies worldwide.[150][151][152] In the United States, the album's first single "Black or White" was its biggest hit, reaching number one on the Billboard Hot; 100 and remaining there for seven weeks, with similar chart performances worldwide.[153] The album's second single "Remember the Time" spent eight weeks in the top five in the United States, peaking at number three on the Billboard Hot 100 singles chart.[154] At the end of 1992, Dangerous was awarded the best-selling album of the year worldwide and "Black or White" was awarded best-selling single of the year worldwide at the Billboard Music Awards. Additionally, he won an award as best-selling artist of the 1980s.[155] In 1993, Jackson performed the song at the Soul Train Music Awards in a chair, saying he had suffered an injury in rehearsals.[156] In the UK and other parts of Europe, "Heal the World" was the biggest hit from the album; it sold 450,000 copies in the UK and spent five weeks at number two in 1992.[154]
Jackson founded the Heal the World Foundation in 1992. The charity organization brought underprivileged children to Jackson's ranch to enjoy theme park rides that Jackson had built on the property. The foundation also sent millions of dollars around the globe to help children threatened by war, poverty, and disease. In the same year Jackson published his second book, the bestselling collection of poetry, Dancing the Dream. While it was a commercial success and revealed a more intimate side to Jackson's nature, the collection was mostly critically unacclaimed at the time of release. In 2009, the book was republished by Doubleday and was more positively received by some critics in the wake of Jackson's untimely death. The Dangerous World Tour grossed $100 million. The tour began on June 27, 1992, and finished on November 11, 1993. Jackson performed to 3.5 million people in 70 concerts.[154][157] He sold the broadcast rights to his Dangerous world tour to HBO for $20 million, a record-breaking deal that still stands.[158]
Following the illness and death of Ryan White, Jackson helped draw public attention to HIV/AIDS, something that was still controversial at the time. He publicly pleaded with the Clinton Administration at Bill Clinton's Inaugural Gala to give more money to HIV/AIDS charities and research.[159][160] In a high-profile visit to Africa, Jackson visited several countries, among them Gabon and Egypt.[161] His first stop to Gabon was greeted with a sizable and enthusiastic reception of more than 100,000 people, some of them carrying signs that read, "Welcome Home Michael."[161] In his trip to Côte d'Ivoire, Jackson was crowned "King Sani" by a tribal chief.[161] He then thanked the dignitaries in French and English, signed official documents formalizing his kingship and sat on a golden throne while presiding over ceremonial dances.[161]
In January 1993, Jackson made a memorable appearance at the halftime show at Super Bowl XXVII. Because of dwindling interest during halftime in the years before, the NFL decided to seek big-name talent that would keep viewers and ratings high, with Jackson being selected because of his popularity and universal appeal.[162] It was the first Super Bowl where the audience figures increased during the half-time show to more than the game itself. The performance began with Jackson catapulting onto the stage as fireworks went off behind him. As he landed on the canvas, he maintained a motionless "clenched fist, standing statue stance", dressed in a gold and black military outfit and sunglasses; he remained completely motionless for a minute and a half while the crowd cheered. He then slowly removed his sunglasses, threw them away and sang four songs: "Jam", "Billie Jean", "Black or White", and "Heal the World". Jackson's Dangerous album rose 90 places up the album chart.[99]
In February 1993, Jackson was given the "Living Legend Award" at the 35th Grammy Awards in Los Angeles. "Black or White" was Grammy-nominated for best vocal performance. "Jam" gained two nominations: Best R&B Vocal Performance and Best R&B Song.[154] The Dangerous album won a Grammy for Best Engineered – Non Classical, awarding the work of Bruce Swedien and Teddy Riley. In the same year, Michael Jackson won three American Music Awards for Favorite Pop/Rock Album (Dangerous), Favorite Soul/R&B Single ("Remember the Time") and was the first to win the International Artist Award, for his global performances and humanitarian concerns. This award will bear his name in the future.[56][64][163]

1993–94: First child sexual abuse allegations and first marriage
Main article: 1993 child sexual abuse accusations against Michael Jackson
Jackson gave a 90-minute interview to Oprah Winfrey on February 10, 1993, his second television interview since 1979. He grimaced when speaking of his childhood abuse at the hands of his father; he believed he had missed out on much of his childhood years, admitting that he often cried from loneliness. He denied tabloid rumors that he had bought the bones of the Elephant Man, slept in a hyperbaric oxygen chamber, or bleached his skin, stating for the first time that he had vitiligo. Dangerous re-entered the album chart in the top 10, more than a year after its original release.[24][99][154]
In the summer of 1993, Jackson was accused of child sexual abuse by a 13-year-old boy named Jordan Chandler and his father, Evan Chandler, a dentist.[164][165][166] The Chandler family demanded payment from Jackson, and the singer initially refused. Jordan Chandler eventually told the police that Jackson had sexually abused him.[167] Evan Chandler was tape-recorded discussing his intention to pursue charges, saying, "If I go through with this, I win big-time. There's no way I lose. I will get everything I want and they will be destroyed forever..... Michael's career will be over". Jordan's mother was, however, adamant at the time that there had been no wrongdoing on Jackson's part.[166] Jackson later used the recording to argue that he was the victim of a jealous father whose only goal was to extort money from the singer.[166] In January 1994, however, after investigation on allegations of extortion against the singer by Chandler, deputy Los Angeles County district attorney Michael J. Montagna stated that Chandler would not be charged due to lack of cooperation from Jackson's camp and its willingness to negotiate with Chandler for several weeks among other reasons.[168]
In August 1993, Jackson's home was raided by the police who, according to court documents, found books and photographs in his bedroom featuring young boys with little or no clothing.[169] Since the books were legal to purchase and own, the jury decided to not indict Jackson.[170] In December 1993, Jackson was strip searched.[171] Jordan Chandler had reportedly given police a description of Jackson's intimate parts, and the strip search revealed that Jordan had correctly claimed Jackson had patchy-colored buttocks, short pubic hair, and pink and brown marked testicles.[171] Reportedly, Jordan had also previously drawn accurate pictures of a dark spot on Jackson's penis only visible when his penis was lifted.[172] Despite differing initial internal reports from prosecutors and investigators[173] and later, with reports of jurors feeling otherwise that the photos did not match the description,[174][175][176] the DA stated his belief in a sworn affidavit that the description was accurate,[177] along with the sheriff's photographer stating the description was accurate.[178] A 2004 motion filed by Jackson's defense asserted that Jackson was never criminally indicted by any grand jury and that his settlement admitted no wrongdoing and contained no evidence of criminal misconduct.[179]
Jackson's friends said he never recovered from the humiliation of the strip search. The investigation was inconclusive and no charges were ever filed.[180] Jackson described the search in an emotional public statement, and proclaimed his innocence.[164][171][181] On January 1, 1994, Jackson settled with the Chandlers out of court for $22 million. A Santa Barbara County grand jury and a Los Angeles County grand jury disbanded on May 2, 1994 without indicting Jackson,[182] and the Chandlers stopped co-operating with the criminal investigation around July 6, 1994.[183][184][185] The out-of-court settlement's documentation specifically stated Jackson admitted no wrongdoing and no liability; the Chandlers and their family lawyer Larry Feldman signed it without contest.[186] Feldman also explicitly stated "nobody bought anybody's silence".[187] A decade after the fact, during the second round of child abuse allegations, Jackson's lawyers would file a memo stating that the 1994 settlement was done without his consent.[184] A later disclosure by the FBI of investigation documents compiled over nearly 20 years led to Jackson's attorney to make the suggestion that there was no evidence of molestation or sexual impropriety from Jackson towards minors.[188] According to reports the DCFS had investigated Jackson beginning in 1993 with the Chandler allegation and again in 2003. Reports show the LAPD and DCFS did not find credible evidence of abuse or sexual misconduct.[189][190]
In May 1994, Jackson married Lisa Marie Presley, the daughter of Elvis and Priscilla Presley. They had first met in 1975, when a seven-year-old Presley attended one of Jackson's family engagements at the MGM Grand Hotel and Casino, and were reconnected through a mutual friend.[191] According to a friend of Presley's, "their adult friendship began in November 1992 in L.A."[192] They stayed in contact every day over the telephone. As the child molestation accusations became public, Jackson became dependent on Presley for emotional support; she was concerned about his faltering health and addiction to drugs.[193] Presley explained, "I believed he didn't do anything wrong and that he was wrongly accused and yes I started falling for him. I wanted to save him. I felt that I could do it."[194] She eventually persuaded him to settle the civil case out of court and go into rehabilitation to recover.[193]
Jackson proposed to Presley over the telephone towards the fall of 1993, saying, "If I asked you to marry me, would you do it?"[193] They married in the Dominican Republic in secrecy, denying it for nearly two months afterwards.[195] The marriage was, in her words, "a married couple's life..... that was sexually active".[196] At the time, the tabloid media speculated that the wedding was a ploy to prop up Jackson's public image.[195] The marriage lasted less than two years and ended with an amicable divorce settlement.[197] In a 2010 interview with Oprah, Presley admitted that they spent four more years after the divorce "getting back together and breaking up", until she decided to stop.[198]
1995–99: HIStory, second marriage, and fatherhood
In 1995, Jackson merged his ATV Music catalog with Sony's music publishing division creating Sony/ATV Music Publishing. Jackson retained half-ownership of the company, earned $95 million upfront as well as the rights to even more songs.[199][200] He then released the double album HIStory: Past, Present and Future, Book I. The first disc, HIStory Begins, was a 15-track greatest hits album, and was later reissued as Greatest Hits: HIStory, Volume I in 2001, while the second disc, HIStory Continues, contained 13 new songs and 2 cover versions. The album debuted at number one on the charts and has been certified for seven million shipments in the US.[201] It is the best-selling multiple-disc album of all-time, with 20 million copies (40 million units) sold worldwide.[153][202] HIStory received a Grammy nomination for Album of the Year.[203]
The first single released from the album was "Scream/Childhood". "Scream" was a duet, performed with Jackson's youngest sister Janet. The song fights against the media, mainly for what the media made him out to be during his 1993 child abuse allegations. The single had the highest debut on the Billboard Hot 100 at number five, and received a Grammy nomination for "Best Pop Collaboration with Vocals".[203] "You Are Not Alone" was the second single released from HIStory; it holds the Guinness World Record for the first song ever to debut at number one on the Billboard Hot 100 chart.[139] It was seen as a major artistic and commercial success, receiving a Grammy nomination for "Best Pop Vocal Performance".[203]

Close-up of a pale skinned Jackson with black hair. He is wearing a black jacket with white designs on it.

 Michael Jackson at the 1997 Cannes Film Festival for the Ghosts music video premier
In late 1995, Jackson was rushed to a hospital after collapsing during rehearsals for a televised performance; the incident was caused by a stress-related panic attack.[204] "Earth Song" was the third single released from HIStory, and topped the UK Singles Chart for six weeks over Christmas 1995; it sold a million copies, making it Jackson's most successful single in the UK.[203] The track "They Don't Care About Us" became controversial when the Anti-Defamation League and other groups criticized its allegedly antisemitic lyrics. Jackson quickly put out a revised version of the song without the offending lyrics.[205] In 1996, Jackson won a Grammy for Best Music Video, Short Form for "Scream" and an American Music Award for Favorite Pop/Rock Male Artist.[56][206]
The album was promoted with the successful HIStory World Tour. The tour began on September 7, 1996, and finished on October 15, 1997. Jackson performed 82 concerts in 58 cities to over 4.5 million fans, and grossed a total of $165 million. The show, which visited five continents and 35 countries, became Jackson's most successful in terms of audience figures.[128] During the tour, Jackson married his longtime friend Deborah Jeanne Rowe, a dermatology nurse, in an impromptu ceremony in Sydney, Australia. Rowe was approximately six months pregnant with the couple's first child at the time. Originally, Rowe and Jackson had no plans to marry, but Jackson's mother Katherine persuaded them to do so.[207] Michael Joseph Jackson Jr (commonly known as Prince) was born on February 13, 1997; his sister Paris-Michael Katherine Jackson was born a year later on April 3, 1998.[197][208] The couple divorced in 1999, and Jackson got full custody of the children. The divorce was relatively amicable, but a subsequent custody suit was not settled until 2006.[209][210]
In 1997, Jackson released Blood on the Dance Floor: HIStory in the Mix, which contained remixes of hit singles from HIStory and five new songs. Worldwide sales stand at 6 million copies, it is the best selling remix album ever released.[211] It reached number one in the UK, as did the title track.[211][212] In the US, the album was certified platinum, but only reached number 24.[150][203] Forbes placed his annual income at $35 million in 1996 and $20 million in 1997.[138] Throughout June 1999, Jackson was involved in a number of charitable events. He joined Luciano Pavarotti for a benefit concert in Modena, Italy. The show was in support of the nonprofit organization War Child, and raised a million dollars for the refugees of Kosovo, FR Yugoslavia, as well as additional funds for the children of Guatemala.[213] Later that month, Jackson organized a set of "Michael Jackson & Friends" benefit concerts in Germany and Korea. Other artists involved included Slash, The Scorpions, Boyz II Men, Luther Vandross, Mariah Carey, A. R. Rahman, Prabhu Deva Sundaram, Shobana, Andrea Bocelli, and Luciano Pavarotti. The proceeds went to the Nelson Mandela Children's Fund, the Red Cross and UNESCO.[214] From August 1999 through 2000, he lived in New York City at 4 East 74th Street.[215]
2000–03: Label dispute and Invincible
At the turn of the century, Jackson won an American Music Award as Artist of the 1980s.[216] Throughout 2000 and 2001, Jackson worked in the studio with Teddy Riley and Rodney Jerkins, as well as other collaborators. These sessions would result in the album Invincible, released in October 2001. Invincible was Jackson's first full-length album in six years, and it would be the last album of new material he released while still alive. The release of the album was preceded by a dispute between Jackson and his record label, Sony Music Entertainment. Jackson had expected the licenses to the masters of his albums to revert to him sometime in the early 2000s. Once he had the licenses, he would be able to promote the material however he pleased and keep all the profits. However, due to various clauses in the contract, the revert date turned out to be many years away. Jackson discovered that the attorney who represented him in the deal was also representing Sony.[212] Jackson was also concerned about the fact that for a number of years, Sony had been pressuring him to sell his share in their music catalog venture. Jackson feared that Sony might have a conflict of interest, since if Jackson's career failed, he would have to sell his share of the catalog at a low price.[217] Jackson sought an early exit from his contract.[212]
In September 2001, two 30th Anniversary concerts were held at Madison Square Garden to mark the singer's 30th year as a solo artist. Jackson appeared onstage alongside his brothers for the first time since 1984. The show also featured performances by Mýa, Usher, Whitney Houston, NSYNC, Destiny's Child, Monica, Luther Vandross, and Slash, among other artists.[218] The second of the two shows took place the night before the September 11, 2001, terrorist attacks.[219] After 9/11, Jackson helped organize the United We Stand: What More Can I Give benefit concert at RFK Stadium in Washington, D.C. The concert took place on October 21, 2001, and included performances from dozens of major artists, including Jackson, who performed his song "What More Can I Give" as the finale.[217] Jackson's solo performances were omitted from the televised version of the benefit concert, although he could still be seen singing background vocals. This omission happened because of contractual issues related to the earlier 30th Anniversary concerts: those concerts were boiled down into a two-hour TV special titled Michael Jackson: 30th Anniversary Celebration which debuted in November 2001.
In spite of the events preceding its release, Invincible came out in October 2001 to much anticipation. Invincible proved to be a hit, debuting atop the charts in 13 countries and going on to sell approximately 13 million copies worldwide. It received double-platinum certification in the U.S.[150][153] However, the sales for Invincible were lower than those of his previous releases, due in part to a lack of promotion, no supporting world tour and the label dispute. The album also came out at a bad time for the music industry in general.[217] The album cost $30 million to record, not including promotional expenditures.[220] Invincible spawned three singles, "You Rock My World", "Cry", and "Butterflies", the latter without a music video. Jackson alleged in July 2002 that the-then Sony Music chairman Tommy Mottola was a "devil" and a "racist" who did not support his African-American artists, using them merely for his own personal gain.[217] He charged that Mottola had called his colleague Irv Gotti a "fat nigger".[221] Sony refused to renew Jackson's contract, and claimed that a $25 million promotional campaign had failed because Jackson refused to tour in the United States.[220]
In 2002, Michael Jackson won his 22nd American Music Award for Artist of the Century.[222] In the same year, Jackson's third child, Prince Michael Jackson II (nicknamed "Blanket") was born.[223] The mother's identity was not announced, but Jackson has said the child was the result of artificial insemination from a surrogate mother and his own sperm.[209] On November 20 of that year, Jackson brought his infant son onto the balcony of his room at the Hotel Adlon in Berlin, as fans stood below, holding him in his right arm, with a cloth loosely draped over the baby's face. The baby was briefly extended over a railing, four stories above ground level, causing widespread criticism in the media. Jackson later apologized for the incident, calling it "a terrible mistake".[224] Sony released Number Ones, a compilation of Jackson's hits on CD and DVD. In the U.S., the album was certified triple platinum by the RIAA; in the UK it was certified six times platinum for shipments of at least 1.2 million units.[150][225]
2003–05: Second child sexual abuse allegations and acquittal
Further information: Living with Michael Jackson and People v. Jackson



 Jackson in Las Vegas, 2003
Beginning in May 2002, Jackson allowed a documentary film crew, led by British TV personality Martin Bashir, to follow him around nearly everywhere he went. Bashir's film crew was with Jackson during the "baby-dangling incident" in Berlin. The program was broadcast in March 2003 as Living with Michael Jackson.
In a particularly controversial scene, Jackson was seen holding hands and discussing sleeping arrangements with a young boy.[226] As soon as the documentary aired, the Santa Barbara county attorney's office began a criminal investigation. After an initial probe from the LAPD and DCFS was conducted in February 2003, they had initially concluded that molestation allegations were "unfounded" at the time.[227] After the young boy involved in the documentary and his mother later told investigators that Jackson had been improper with the boy, Jackson was arrested in November 2003, and was charged with seven counts of child molestation and two counts of administering an intoxicating agent in relation to the 13-year-old boy shown in the film.[226] Jackson denied the allegations, saying the sleepovers were not sexual in nature. The People v. Jackson trial began on January 31, 2005, in Santa Maria, California, and lasted five months, until the end of May. On June 13, 2005, Jackson was acquitted on all counts.[228][229][230] After the trial, in a highly publicized relocation he moved to the Persian Gulf island of Bahrain, as a guest of Sheikh Abdullah.[231] Bahrain was also where the family intended to send Jackson if he was convicted (though Jackson did not know about the plan), according to a statement by Jermaine Jackson printed in The Times of London in September 2011.[232]
2006–09: Closure of Neverland, final years, and This Is It



 Jackson and his son Blanket in Disneyland Paris, 2006
In March 2006, the main house at the Neverland Ranch was closed as a cost-cutting measure.[233] There were numerous reports around that time that Jackson was having financial problems. Jackson had been delinquent on his repayments of a $270 million loan secured against his music publishing holdings, even though those holdings were reportedly making him as much as $75 million a year.[234] Bank of America sold the debt to Fortress Investments. Sony reportedly proposed a restructuring deal which would give them a future option to buy half of Jackson's stake in their jointly owned publishing company (leaving Jackson with a 25% stake).[200] Jackson agreed to a Sony-backed refinancing deal in April 2006, although the exact details were not made public.[235] Jackson did not have a recording contract in place with Sony or any other major record label at the time.
In early 2006, there was an announcement that Jackson had signed a contract with a Bahrain-based startup called Two Seas Records. However, nothing ever came of that deal, and the CEO of Two Seas, Guy Holmes, later stated that the deal had never been finalized.[236][237] Throughout 2006, Sony repackaged 20 singles from the 1980s and 1990s as the Michael Jackson: Visionary series, which subsequently became a box set. Most of those singles returned to the charts as a result. In September 2006, Jackson and his ex-wife Debbie Rowe confirmed reports that they had settled their long-running child custody suit. The terms were never made public. Jackson continued to be the custodial parent of the couple's two children.[210] In October 2006, Fox News entertainment reporter Roger Friedman said that Jackson had been recording at a studio in rural Westmeath, Ireland. It was not known at the time what Jackson might be working on, or who might be paying for the sessions, since his publicist had recently issued a statement claiming that he had left Two Seas.[237][238]
In November 2006, Jackson invited an Access Hollywood camera crew into the studio in Westmeath, and MSNBC broke the story that he was working on a new album, produced by will.i.am of The Black Eyed Peas.[153] Jackson performed at the World Music Awards, in London on November 15, 2006, and accepted a Diamond Award for selling over 100 million records.[153][239] Jackson returned to the United States after Christmas 2006 to attend James Brown's funeral in Augusta, Georgia. He gave one of the eulogies, saying that "James Brown is my greatest inspiration."[240] In the spring of 2007, Jackson and Sony teamed up to buy yet another music publishing company: Famous Music LLC, formerly owned by Viacom. This deal gave him the rights to songs by Eminem, Shakira and Beck, among others.[241] Jackson recorded extensively during this period in New York with songwriter and producer will.i.am and also in Las Vegas with producers Akon and RedOne.[242][243] In March 2007, Jackson gave a brief interview to the Associated Press in Tokyo, where he said, "I've been in the entertainment industry since I was 6 years old, and as Charles Dickens would say, 'It's been the best of times, the worst of times.' But I would not change my career..... While some have made deliberate attempts to hurt me, I take it in stride because I have a loving family, a strong faith and wonderful friends and fans who have, and continue, to support me."[244]
In March 2007, Jackson visited a U.S. Army post in Japan named Camp Zama to greet 3,000 plus U.S. troops and their families. The hosts presented Jackson with a Certificate of Appreciation for his devotion to U.S. Military troops and their families.[245]
In September 2007, Jackson was reportedly still working with will.i.am, but the album was apparently never completed.[246] However, in 2008, Jackson and Sony released Thriller 25 to mark the 25th anniversary of the original Thriller. This album featured the previously unreleased song "For All Time" (an outtake from the original sessions) as well as remixes, where Jackson collaborated with younger artists who had been inspired by his work.[247] Two of the remixes were released as singles with only modest success: "The Girl Is Mine 2008" (with will.i.am) and "Wanna Be Startin' Somethin' 2008" (with Akon). The first single was based on an early demo version, without Paul McCartney. The album itself was a hit, however.[247][248][249][250] In anticipation of Jackson's 50th birthday, Sony BMG released a series of greatest-hits albums called King of Pop. Slightly different versions were released in various countries, based on polls of local fans.[251] King of Pop reached the top 10 in most countries where it was issued, and also sold well as an import in other countries (such as the United States.)[252][253]



 An aerial view of part of Jackson's 2,800-acre (11 km2) Neverland Valley Ranch near Los Olivos, CA showing the many rides
In late 2008, Fortress Investments threatened to foreclose on Neverland Ranch, which Jackson used as collateral for loans running into many tens of millions of dollars. However, Fortress opted to sell Jackson's debts to Colony Capital LLC. In November, Jackson transferred Neverland Ranch's title to Sycamore Valley Ranch Company LLC, which was a joint venture between Jackson and Colony Capital LLC. This deal cleared Jackson's debt, and he reportedly even gained an extra $35 million from the venture. At the time of his death, Jackson still owned a stake in Neverland/Sycamore Valley, but it was not announced how large that stake was.[254][255][256] In September 2008, Jackson entered negotiations with Julien's Auction House to display and auction a large collection of memorabilia amounting to approximately 1,390 lots. The auction was scheduled to take place between April 22 and 25.[257] An exhibition of the lots opened as scheduled on April 14, but the actual auction was eventually cancelled at Jackson's request.[258]
In March 2009, Jackson held a press conference at London's O2 Arena and announced a series of comeback concerts titled This Is It. The shows would be Jackson's first major series of concerts since the HIStory World Tour finished in 1997. Jackson suggested possible retirement after the shows; he said it would be his "final curtain call". The initial plan was for 10 concerts in London, followed by shows in Paris, New York City and Mumbai. Randy Phillips, president and chief executive of AEG Live, stated that the first 10 dates alone would earn the singer approximately £50 million.[259] The London residency was increased to 50 dates after record breaking ticket sales: over one million were sold in less than two hours.[260] Jackson rehearsed in Los Angeles in the weeks leading up to the tour under the direction of choreographer Kenny Ortega. Most of these rehearsals took place at the Staples Center, which was owned by AEG.[261] The concerts would have commenced on July 13, 2009, and finished on March 6, 2010. Less than three weeks before the first show was due to begin in London and with all concerts being sold out, Jackson died after suffering cardiac arrest.[262] Some time before his death, it was reported that he was starting a clothing line with Christian Audigier.[263][264]
Jackson's first posthumous song released entirely by his Estate was titled "This Is It" which Jackson cowrote in the 1980s with Paul Anka. It was not on the set lists for the concerts, and the recording was based on an old demo tape. The surviving brothers reunited in the studio for the first time since 1989 to record backing vocals. On October 28, 2009, a documentary film about the rehearsals titled Michael Jackson's This Is It was released.[265] Even though it ran for a limited two-week engagement, it became the highest grossing documentary or concert movie of all time, with earnings of more than $260 million worldwide.[266] Jackson's estate received 90% of the profits.[267] The film was accompanied by a compilation album of the same name. Two versions of the new song appear on the album, which also featured original masters of Jackson's hits in the order in which they appear in the movie, along with a bonus disc with previously unreleased versions of more Jackson hits as well as a spoken-word poem titled "Planet Earth".[268] At the 2009 American Music Awards, Jackson won four posthumous awards, two for him and two for his album Number Ones, bringing his total American Music Awards to 26.[269][270]
Death and memorial
Main articles: Death of Michael Jackson and Michael Jackson memorial service

Jackson's Star with flowers and notes on it

 Fans flocked to Jackson's star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame, adorning it with flowers and notes on the day of his death.
On June 25, 2009, Jackson died while in his bed at his rented mansion at 100 North Carolwood Drive in the Holmby Hills district of Los Angeles. Attempts at resuscitating him by Conrad Murray, his personal physician, were unsuccessful.[271] Los Angeles Fire Department paramedics received a 911 call at 12:22 (PDT, 19:22 UTC), arriving three minutes later at Jackson's location.[272][273] He was reportedly not breathing and CPR was performed.[274] Resuscitation efforts continued en route to the Ronald Reagan UCLA Medical Center, and for more than an hour after arriving there at 1:13 (20:13 UTC). He was pronounced dead at 2:26 local time (21:26 UTC).[275][276] Jackson's death triggered a global outpouring of grief.[271]
The news spread quickly online, causing websites to slow down and crash from user overload. Both TMZ and the Los Angeles Times suffered outages.[277] Google initially believed that the input from millions of people searching for "Michael Jackson" meant that the search engine was under DDoS attack, and blocked searches related to Michael Jackson for 30 minutes. Twitter reported a crash, as did Wikipedia at 3:15 pm PDT (22:15 UTC).[278] The Wikimedia Foundation reported nearly a million visitors to Jackson's biography within one hour, probably the most visitors in a one-hour period to any article in Wikipedia's history.[279] AOL Instant Messenger collapsed for 40 minutes. AOL called it a "seminal moment in Internet history", adding, "We've never seen anything like it in terms of scope or depth."[280]
Around 15% of Twitter posts—or 5,000 tweets per minute—reportedly mentioned Jackson after the news broke,[281][282] compared to the 5% recalled as having mentioned the Iranian elections or the flu pandemic that had made headlines earlier in the year.[282] Overall, web traffic ranged from 11% to at least 20% higher than normal.[281][283] MTV and BET aired marathons of Jackson's music videos.[284] Jackson specials aired on multiple television stations around the world. The British soap opera EastEnders added a last-minute scene, in which one character tells another about the news, to the June 26 episode.[285]
Jackson's memorial was held on July 7, 2009, at the Staples Center in Los Angeles, preceded by a private family service at Forest Lawn Memorial Park's Hall of Liberty. Because of the high demand, organizers of the service fashioned a lottery style distribution method to give out tickets to members of the public. 1.6 million fans applied for tickets to the service over the two-day period that registration was open. 8,750 names were drawn at random to decide who to distribute tickets to, with each recipient receiving two tickets each.[286] Jackson's casket was present during the memorial but no information was released about the final disposition of the body. The memorial service was one of the most watched events in online streaming history.[287] The U.S. audience was estimated by Nielsen to be 31.1 million, an amount comparable to the estimated 35.1 million that watched the 2004 burial of former president Ronald Reagan, and the estimated 33.1 million Americans who watched the 1997 funeral for Princess Diana.[288]
Mariah Carey, Stevie Wonder, Lionel Richie, John Mayer, Jennifer Hudson, Usher, Jermaine Jackson, and Shaheen Jafargholi performed at the event. Berry Gordy and Smokey Robinson gave eulogies, while Queen Latifah read "We had him", a poem written for the occasion by Maya Angelou.[289] The Reverend Al Sharpton received a standing ovation with cheers when he told Jackson's children, "Wasn't nothing strange about your daddy. It was strange what your daddy had to deal with. But he dealt with it anyway."[290] The memorial is best remembered for when Jackson's 11-year-old daughter, Paris Katherine, speaking publicly for the first time cried as she told the crowd, "Ever since I was born, Daddy has been the best father you could ever imagine..... I just wanted to say I love him..... so much."[291][292] Reverend Lucious Smith provided a closing prayer.[293] On August 24, several news outlets quoted anonymous sources as stating that the Los Angeles coroner had decided to treat Jackson's death as a homicide; this was later confirmed by the coroner on August 28.[294][295] At the time of death, Jackson had been administered propofol, lorazepam and midazolam.[296] Law enforcement officials conducted a manslaughter investigation of his personal physician Conrad Murray, who was charged with involuntary manslaughter by prosecutors in Los Angeles on February 8, 2010.[297] Jackson's body was entombed on September 3, 2009, at Forest Lawn Memorial Park in Glendale, California.[298]

Portrait and other tributes, including mural and messages from 650 Spanish fans, letters, pictures, teddy bears, and flowers.

 Tribute of fans from all over the world in the Forest Lawn Memorial Park on the first anniversary of his death
On June 25, 2010, the first anniversary of Jackson's death, fans traveled to Los Angeles to pay their tribute to him. They visited Jackson's star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame and his family's home, as well as Forest Lawn Memorial Park. Many of the fans were carrying sunflowers and other tribute items to drop off at the sites. Members of the Jackson family and close friends arrived to pay their respects.[299][300] Katherine returned to Gary, Indiana to unveil a granite monument constructed in the front yard of the family home. The memorial continued with a candlelight vigil and a special performance of "We Are the World".[301][302] On June 26, there was a protest march in front of the Los Angeles Police Department's Robbery-Homicide Division at the old Parker Center building and a petition with thousands of signatures demanding justice was delivered.[303][304] The Jackson Family Foundation in conjunction with Voiceplate presented "Forever Michael", an event bringing together Jackson family members, celebrities, fans, supporters and the community to celebrate and honor his legacy. A portion of the proceeds were presented to some of Jackson's favorite charities. Katherine also introduced her new book "Never Can Say Goodbye".[305][306][307]
Aftermath
After his death, Jackson became the best-selling albums artist of 2009. He sold over 8.2 million albums in the United States, and a total of 35 million albums worldwide, in the 12 months that followed his death.[308][309] Jackson became the first artist to sell one million downloads in a week in download history, with a record-breaking 2.6 million downloads of his songs. After his death, three of his albums sold more than any new album, which was the first time a catalog album has ever scanned more sales than any new album.[310] Jackson also became the first artist in history to have four of the top 20 best selling albums in a single year in the United States.[311] Following this surge in sales, Sony announced that they had extended their relationship with his material. The distribution rights held by Sony Music were due to expire in 2015.[312] On March 16, 2010, Sony Music Entertainment, in a move spearheaded by its Columbia/Epic Label Group division, signed a new deal with the Jackson estate to extend their distribution rights to his back catalogue until at least 2017, as well as to obtain permission to release ten new albums with previously unreleased material and new collections of released work.[313]
On November 4, 2010, Sony announced the release of Michael, the first posthumous album set to be released on December 14, with the promotional single released to the radios on November 8, titled "Breaking News".[314] The deal was unprecedented in the music industry as it is the most expensive music contract pertaining to a single artist in history; it reportedly involved Sony Music paying $250 million for the deal, with the Jackson estate getting the full sum as well as its share of royalties for all works released.[312][315] Video game developer Ubisoft announced it would release a new dancing-and-singing game featuring Michael Jackson for the 2010 holiday season. The game titled Michael Jackson: The Experience was among the first to use Kinect and PlayStation Move, the respective motion-detecting camera systems for Microsoft's Xbox 360 and Sony's PlayStation 3.[316]
On November 3, 2010, the theatrical performing company Cirque du Soleil announced that it would launch Michael Jackson: The Immortal World Tour in October 2011 in Montreal, while a permanent show will reside in Las Vegas.[317] The 90-minute $57-million production will combine Jackson's iconic musical oeuvre and choreography with the Cirque's signature artistry, dance and aerial displays involving 65 artists.[318] The tour was written and directed by Jamie King[319] and centers on Jackson's "inspirational Giving Tree – the wellspring of creativity where his love of music and dance, fairy tale and magic, and the fragile beauty of nature are unlocked."[320] On October 3, 2011, the accompanying compilation soundtrack album Immortal was announced to have over 40 Jackson's original recordings re-produced by Kevin Antunes.[321] A second, larger and more theatrical Cirque show entitled Michael Jackson: One designed for residency at the Mandalay Bay resort in Las Vegas was announced on February 21, 2013. This show, whose production was written and directed by Jamie King who produced the Immortal show, began its run on May 23, 2013 in a newly renovated theater to both critical and commercial success.[322][323][324][325]
In 2011 it was revealed that Jackson had recorded in 1981–1983 with Freddie Mercury, including a demo of "State of Shock," "Victory" and "There Must Be More to Life Than This."[326] None of these collaborations were officially released, although bootleg recordings exist. Jackson went on to record the single "State of Shock" with Mick Jagger for The Jacksons' album Victory.[327] Mercury included the solo version of "There Must Be More To Life Than This" on his Mr. Bad Guy album.[328] In November 2011, Brian May announced that a series of duets that Mercury recorded with Jackson were to be released in 2012.[329] He later updated the release date to autumn of 2013 and then to 2014.[330]
In April 2011, Jackson's longtime friend and billionaire businessman Mohamed Al-Fayed, chairman of Fulham Football Club, unveiled a statue of Jackson outside the club's stadium, Craven Cottage.[331] Fulham fans were bemused by the statue and failed to understand the relevance of Jackson to the club.[332] Al Fayed defended the statue and told the fans to "go to hell" if they did not appreciate it.[333] The statue was removed in September 2013.[334]
In 2012, in an attempt to end family public feuding, Jackson's brother Jermaine Jackson retracted his signature on a letter made public criticizing executors of Michael Jackson's estate and his mother's advisers concerning the legitimacy of his brother's will.[335] T.J. Jackson, son of Tito Jackson, was given co-guardianship of Michael Jackson's children after false reports surfaced of Katherine Jackson going missing.[336]
On May 16, 2013, choreographer Wade Robson alleged on The Today Show that Jackson "performed sexual acts on me and forced me to perform sexual acts on him" for 7 years, beginning when Robson was 7 years old.[337] Robson had previously testified in defence of Jackson at the singer's 2005 child molestation trial.[338] The attorney for Jackson's estate described Robson's claim as "outrageous and pathetic".[339] The date for the hearing which will determine whether Robson can sue Jackson's estate was scheduled for June 2, 2014.[340] In February 2014, the Internal Revenue Service reported that Jackson's estate owed them $702 million, including $505 million in taxes and $197 million in penalties after they claimed the estate undervalued Jackson's fortune.[341]
On March 31, 2014, Epic Records announced that an album of eight songs of unreleased material culled from past recording sessions would be issued under the title, Xscape.[342] It was released on May 13, 2014.[343] On May 12, 2014, another young man, Jimmy Safechuck, sued Jackson's estate, claiming Jackson sexually abused him "from the age of 10 to about 14 or 15" in the 1980s.[344] During the 2014 Billboard Music Awards on May 18, a "Pepper's ghost" likeness of Jackson appeared, dancing to "Slave to the Rhythm", a song from his second posthumously released album, Xscape.[345]
Artistry
Influences

Silver-colored statue of Jackson standing up with his arms bent inward and both legs spaced apart.

 One of many identical statues, based on Diana Walczak's original HIStory statue, positioned throughout Europe to promote HIStory
Jackson's music took root in R&B, pop and soul. He had been influenced by the work of musicians such as Little Richard, James Brown, Jackie Wilson, Diana Ross, Fred Astaire,[346] Sammy Davis, Jr.,[346] Gene Kelly,[347] David Ruffin,[348] The Isley Brothers, the Bee Gees, and the West Side Story dancers, to whom he made a tribute in "Beat It" and in the "Bad" video.[349] According to David Winters, who met and befriended Jackson while choreographing the 1971 Diana Ross TV special Diana!, Jackson watched West Side Story almost every week and it was his favorite film.[350][351][352] While Little Richard had a substantial influence on Jackson,[353] James Brown was Jackson's greatest inspiration. In reference to Brown, Jackson declared: "Ever since I was a small child, no more than like six years old, my mother would wake me no matter what time it was, if I was sleeping, no matter what I was doing, to watch the television to see the master at work. And when I saw him move, I was mesmerized. I had never seen a performer perform like James Brown, and right then and there I knew that was exactly what I wanted to do for the rest of my life because of James Brown."[354]
The young Michael Jackson owed his vocal technique in large part to Diana Ross. Not only a mother figure to him, she was often observed in rehearsal as an accomplished performer. He later expressed: "I got to know her well. She taught me so much. I used to just sit in the corner and watch the way she moved. She was art in motion. I studied the way she moved, the way she sang  – just the way she was." He told her: "I want to be just like you, Diana." She said: "You just be yourself."[355] But Jackson owed part of his enduring style—especially his use of the oooh interjection—to Ross. From a young age, Jackson often punctuated his verses with a sudden exclamation of oooh. Diana Ross had used this effect on many of the songs recorded with The Supremes.[356]
Musical themes and genres
Unlike many artists, Jackson did not write his songs on paper. Instead he would dictate into a sound recorder, and when recording he would sing the lyrics from memory.[357] In most of his songs, such as "Billie Jean", "Who Is It", and "Tabloid Junkie", he would beatbox and imitate the instruments using his voice instead of playing the actual instruments, along with other sounds. Jackson noted that it is easier to sing a drum line, or sing a bass, instead of playing a drum line or a bass with an instrument. Several critics have said that Jackson's distinct voice was able to replace any instrument convincingly. Steve Huey of Allmusic said that, throughout his solo career, Jackson's versatility allowed him to experiment with various themes and genres.[3] As a musician, he ranged from Motown's dance fare and ballads to techno and house-edged new jack swing to work that incorporates both funk rhythms and hard rock guitar.[137][358][359]

Black and white photo of Jackson holding a microphone and singing

 Jackson in 1988, performing live at his record-breaking Bad world tour
According to Huey, Thriller refined the strengths of Off the Wall; the dance and rock tracks were more aggressive, while the pop tunes and ballads were softer and more soulful.[3] Notable tracks included the ballads "The Lady in My Life", "Human Nature" and "The Girl Is Mine"; the funk pieces "Billie Jean" and "Wanna Be Startin' Somethin'"; and the post-disco set "Baby Be Mine" and "P.Y.T. (Pretty Young Thing)".[3][358][359][360][361] With Thriller, Christopher Connelly of Rolling Stone commented that Jackson developed his long association with the subliminal theme of paranoia and darker imagery.[361] Allmusic's Stephen Thomas Erlewine noted this is evident on the songs "Billie Jean" and "Wanna Be Startin' Somethin'".[359] In "Billie Jean", Jackson sings about an obsessive fan who alleges he has fathered a child of hers.[3] In "Wanna Be Startin' Somethin'" he argues against gossip and the media.[361] "Beat It" decried gang violence in an homage to West Side Story, and was Jackson's first successful rock cross-over piece, according to Huey.[3][137] He also observed that the title track "Thriller" began Jackson's interest with the theme of the supernatural, a topic he revisited in subsequent years.[3] In 1985, Jackson co-wrote the charity anthem "We Are the World"; humanitarian themes later became a recurring theme in his lyrics and public persona.[3]




"Thriller"







One of Jackson's signature pieces, "Thriller", released as a single in 1984, utilizes cinematic sound effects, horror film motifs and vocal trickery to convey a sense of danger.[45]


"Smooth Criminal"







A single from the album Bad, released 1988, "Smooth Criminal" features digital drum sounds, keyboard-created bass lines and other percussion elements designed to give the impression of a pulsing heart.[362]


"Black or White"







The lead single from Dangerous, the danceable hard rock song "Black or White" was one of Jackson's most successful recordings.[363][364] It contains many features of Jackson's vocal style, including the vocal hiccup he is known for.

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In Bad, Jackson's concept of the predatory lover can be seen on the rock song "Dirty Diana".[365] The lead single "I Just Can't Stop Loving You" is a traditional love ballad, while "Man in the Mirror" is an anthemic ballad of confession and resolution. "Smooth Criminal" was an evocation of bloody assault, rape and likely murder.[115] Allmusic's Stephen Thomas Erlewine states that Dangerous presents Jackson as a very paradoxical individual.[366] He comments the album is more diverse than his previous Bad, as it appeals to an urban audience while also attracting the middle class with anthems like "Heal the World".[366] The first half of the record is dedicated to new jack swing, including songs like "Jam" and "Remember the Time".[367] The album is Jackson's first where social ills become a primary theme; "Why You Wanna Trip on Me", for example, protests against world hunger, AIDS, homelessness and drugs.[367] Dangerous contains sexually charged efforts such as the multifaceted love song, "In the Closet".[367] The title track continues the theme of the predatory lover and compulsive desire.[367] The second half includes introspective, pop-gospel anthems such as "Will You Be There", "Heal the World" and "Keep the Faith"; these songs show Jackson opening up about various personal struggles and worries.[367] In the ballad "Gone Too Soon", Jackson gives tribute to his friend Ryan White and the plight of those with AIDS.[368]
HIStory creates an atmosphere of paranoia.[369] Its content focuses on the hardships and public struggles Jackson went through just prior to its production. In the new jack swing-funk-rock efforts "Scream" and "Tabloid Junkie", along with the R&B ballad "You Are Not Alone", Jackson retaliates against the injustice and isolation he feels, and directs much of his anger at the media.[370] In the introspective ballad "Stranger in Moscow", Jackson laments over his "fall from grace", while songs like "Earth Song", "Childhood", "Little Susie" and "Smile" are all operatic pop pieces.[369][370] In the track "D.S.", Jackson launched a verbal attack against Tom Sneddon. He describes Sneddon as an antisocial, white supremacist who wanted to "get my ass, dead or alive". Of the song, Sneddon said, "I have not—shall we say—done him the honor of listening to it, but I've been told that it ends with the sound of a gunshot".[371] Invincible found Jackson working heavily with producer Rodney Jerkins.[3] It is a record made up of urban soul like "Cry" and "The Lost Children", ballads such as "Speechless", "Break of Dawn", and "Butterflies" and mixes hip-hop, pop, and R&B in "2000 Watts", "Heartbreaker" and "Invincible".[372][373]
Vocal style
Jackson sang from childhood, and over time his voice and vocal style changed noticeably. Between 1971 and 1975, Jackson's voice descended from boy soprano to high tenor.[374] His vocal range as an adult was F2-E?6. Jackson first used a technique called the "vocal hiccup" in 1973, starting with the song "It's Too Late to Change the Time" from The Jackson 5's G.I.T.: Get It Together album.[375] Jackson did not use the hiccup technique—somewhat like a gulping for air or gasping—fully until the recording of Off the Wall: it can be seen in full force in the "Shake Your Body (Down to the Ground)" promotional video.[41] With the arrival of Off the Wall in the late 1970s, Jackson's abilities as a vocalist were well regarded. At the time, Rolling Stone compared his vocals to the "breathless, dreamy stutter" of Stevie Wonder. Their analysis was also that "Jackson's feathery-timbred tenor is extraordinarily beautiful. It slides smoothly into a startling falsetto that's used very daringly".[376][377] 1982 saw the release of Thriller, and Rolling Stone was of the opinion that Jackson was then singing in a "fully adult voice" that was "tinged by sadness".[361]
A distinctive deliberate mispronunciation of "come on", used frequently by Jackson, occasionally spelled "c'mon", "cha'mone", or "shamone", is also a staple in impressions and caricatures of him.[378] The turn of the 1990s saw the release of the introspective album Dangerous. The New York Times noted that on some tracks, "he gulps for breath, his voice quivers with anxiety or drops to a desperate whisper, hissing through clenched teeth" and he had a "wretched tone".[367] When singing of brotherhood or self-esteem the musician would return to "smooth" vocals.[367] When commenting on Invincible, Rolling Stone were of the opinion that—at the age of 43—Jackson still performed "exquisitely voiced rhythm tracks and vibrating vocal harmonies".[379] Nelson George summed up Jackson's vocals by stating "The grace, the aggression, the growling, the natural boyishness, the falsetto, the smoothness—that combination of elements mark him as a major vocalist".[362]
Very concerned about a transparent rendition of this identity, the sound engineer Bruce Swedien opted for some technical approaches and studio strategies aiming at keeping as truly as possible the singer’s intimate and natural expressions: mikes, analogic recordings, special techniques elaborated to design vocal prisms, creation of natural acoustic spaces, conversion of stereophonic fields in tri-dimensional sound spaces playing with early reflections, plywood, Monstercable or Tubetraps.[380]
Music videos and choreography
Jackson has also been referred to as the King of Music Videos.[381] Steve Huey of Allmusic observed how Jackson transformed the music video into an art form and a promotional tool through complex story lines, dance routines, special effects and famous cameo appearances, simultaneously breaking down racial barriers.[3] Before Thriller, Jackson struggled to receive coverage on MTV, allegedly because he was African American.[382] Pressure from CBS Records persuaded MTV to start showing "Billie Jean" and later "Beat It", leading to a lengthy partnership with Jackson, also helping other black music artists gain recognition.[383] MTV employees deny any racism in their coverage, or pressure to change their stance. MTV maintains that they played rock music, regardless of race.[384] The popularity of his videos on MTV helped to put the relatively young channel "on the map"; MTV's focus shifted in favor of pop and R&B.[383][385] His performance on Motown 25: Yesterday, Today, Forever changed the scope of live stage show; "That Jackson lip-synced 'Billie Jean' is, in itself, not extraordinary, but the fact that it did not change the impact of the performance is extraordinary; whether the performance was live or lip-synced made no difference to the audience" thus creating an era in which artists re-create the spectacle of music video imagery on stage.[386] Short films like Thriller largely remained unique to Jackson, while the group dance sequence in "Beat It" has frequently been imitated.[387] The choreography in Thriller has become a part of global pop culture, replicated everywhere from Indian films to prisons in the Philippines.[388] The Thriller short film marked an increase in scale for music videos, and has been named the most successful music video ever by the Guinness World Records.[139]
In the 19-minute music video for "Bad"—directed by Martin Scorsese—Jackson began using sexual imagery and choreography not previously seen in his work. He occasionally grabbed or touched his chest, torso and crotch. When asked by Oprah in the 1993 interview about why he grabbed his crotch, he replied, "I think it happens subliminally" and he described it as something that was not planned, but rather, as something that was compelled by the music. "Bad" garnered a mixed reception from both fans and critics; Time magazine described it as "infamous". The video also featured Wesley Snipes; in the future Jackson's videos would often feature famous cameo roles.[108][389] For the "Smooth Criminal" video, Jackson experimented with an anti-gravity lean where the performer leans forward at a 45 degree angle, beyond the performer's center of gravity. To accomplish this move live, Jackson and designers developed a special shoe that locks the performer's feet to the stage, allowing them to lean forward. They were granted U.S. Patent 5,255,452 for the device.[390] Although the music video for "Leave Me Alone" was not officially released in the US, in 1989 it was nominated for three Billboard Music Video Awards;[391] the same year it won a Golden Lion Award for the quality of the special effects used in its production. In 1990, "Leave Me Alone" won a Grammy for Best Music Video, Short Form.[136]
He received the MTV Video Vanguard Award in 1988 and the MTV Video Vanguard Artist of the Decade Award in 1990 to celebrate his accomplishments in the art form in the 1980s; in 1991 the first award was renamed in his honor.[154] "Black or White" was accompanied by a controversial music video, which, on November 14, 1991, simultaneously premiered in 27 countries with an estimated audience of 500 million people, the largest viewing ever for a music video at that time.[153] It featured scenes construed as having a sexual nature as well as depictions of violence. The offending scenes in the final half of the 14-minute version were edited out to prevent the video from being banned, and Jackson apologized.[392] Along with Jackson, it featured Macaulay Culkin, Peggy Lipton, and George Wendt. It helped usher in morphing as an important technology in music videos.[393]
"Remember the Time" was an elaborate production, and became one of his longest videos at over nine minutes. Set in ancient Egypt, it featured groundbreaking visual effects and appearances by Eddie Murphy, Iman, and Magic Johnson, along with a distinct complex dance routine.[394] The video for "In the Closet" was Jackson's most sexually provocative piece. It featured supermodel Naomi Campbell in a courtship dance with Jackson. The video was banned in South Africa because of its imagery.[154]
The music video for "Scream", directed by Mark Romanek and production designer Tom Foden, is one of Jackson's most critically acclaimed. In 1995, it gained 11 MTV Video Music Award Nominations—more than any other music video—and won "Best Dance Video", "Best Choreography", and "Best Art Direction".[395] The song and its accompanying video are a response to the backlash Jackson received from the media after being accused of child molestation in 1993.[396] A year later, it won a Grammy for Best Music Video, Short Form; shortly afterwards Guinness World Records listed it as the most expensive music video ever made at a cost of $7 million.[203][397]
"Earth Song" was accompanied by an expensive and well-received music video that gained a Grammy nomination for Best Music Video, Short Form in 1997. The video had an environmental theme, showing images of animal cruelty, deforestation, pollution and war. Using special effects, time is reversed so that life returns, wars end, and the forests re-grow.[203][398] Released in 1997 and premiering at the 1996 Cannes Film Festival, Michael Jackson's Ghosts was a short film written by Jackson and Stephen King and directed by Stan Winston. The video for Ghosts is over 38 minutes long and holds the Guinness World Record as the world's longest music video.[203][212][399][400]
Legacy and influence
See also: Records and achievements of Michael Jackson and List of artists influenced by Michael Jackson

Pink star with a gold colored rim and the writing "Michael Jackson" in its center. The star is indented into the ground and is surrounded by a marble-colored floor.

 Jackson's star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame, set in 1984
The media has commonly referred to Jackson as the "King of Pop" because, throughout his career, he transformed the art of music videos and paved the way for modern pop music. The Daily Telegraph writer Tom Utley described Jackson in 2003 as "extremely important" and a "genius".[401] For much of his career, he had an "unparalleled" level of worldwide influence over the younger generation through his musical and humanitarian contributions.[205] Jackson's music and videos, such as Thriller, fostered racial diversity in MTV's roster, helped to put the relatively new channel into public awareness, and steered the channel's focus from rock to pop music and R&B, shaping the channel into a form that proved enduring. Jackson's work continues to influence numerous hip hop, rock, pop and R&B artists. BET described Jackson "as quite simply the greatest entertainer of all time" and someone who "revolutionized the music video and brought dances like the moonwalk to the world. Jackson's sound, style, movement and legacy continues to inspire artists of all genres."[402]
Allmusic's Steve Huey describes Jackson as "an unstoppable juggernaut, possessed of all the skills to dominate the charts seemingly at will: an instantly identifiable voice, eye-popping dance moves, stunning musical versatility and loads of sheer star power".[3] In the mid-1980s, Time magazine's pop music critic, Jay Cocks, noted "Jackson is the biggest thing since The Beatles. He is the hottest single phenomenon since Elvis Presley. He just may be the most popular black singer ever".[70] In 1990, Vanity Fair cited Jackson as the most popular artist in the history of show business.[136] In 2007, Jackson said, "Music has been my outlet, my gift to all of the lovers in this world. Through it, my music, I know I will live forever."[403]
Shortly after Jackson's death, on June 25, 2009, MTV briefly returned to its original music video format to celebrate and pay tribute to his work.[404] The channel aired many hours of Jackson's music videos, accompanied by live news specials featuring reactions from MTV personalities and other celebrities. The temporary shift in MTV's programming culminated the following week in the channel's live coverage of Jackson's memorial service.[405] At the memorial service on July 7, 2009, founder of Motown Records Berry Gordy proclaimed Jackson as "the greatest entertainer that ever lived".[406][407][408]
In 2010, two university librarians found that Jackson's influence extended into academia, and has been mentioned in scholarly literature pertaining to a range of subject matter.[409][410] The two researchers combed through various scholars' writings, and compiled an annotated bibliography of those writings. The bibliography located references to Jackson in research reports concerning music, popular culture, chemistry and an array of other topics.[409][411]
Honors and awards
See also: List of awards and nominations received by Michael Jackson



Thriller platinum record on display at the Hard Rock Cafe, Hollywood in Universal City, California
Michael Jackson was inducted onto the Hollywood Walk of Fame in 1980 as member of The Jacksons and in 1984 as solo artist. Throughout his career he received numerous honors and awards, including the World Music Awards' Best-Selling Pop Male Artist of the Millennium, the American Music Award's Artist of the Century Award and the Bambi Pop Artist of the Millennium Award.[218][412] He was a double-inductee of the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame, once as a member of The Jackson 5 in 1997 and later as a solo artist in 2001. Jackson was also inducted in several other hall of fames, including Vocal Group Hall of Fame (as The Jackson 5 member) in 1999 and the Songwriters Hall of Fame in 2002.[218] In 2010, Jackson was inducted into the Dance Hall of Fame as the first (and currently only) dancer from the world of pop and rock 'n' roll.[413] In 2014, Jackson was inducted into the second class of inductees to the Rhythm and Blues Music Hall of Fame; his father Joe Jackson accepted on his behalf.[414]
His awards include many Guinness World Records (eight in 2006 alone),[415] 13 Grammy Awards (as well as the Grammy Legend Award and the Grammy Lifetime Achievement Award), 26 American Music Awards (including the "Artist of the Century" and "Artist of the 1980s")—more than any artist—, 13 number one singles in the US in his solo career—more than any other male artist in the Hot 100 era[416]—and estimated sales of over 450 million records worldwide,[417][418][Note 1] which makes him one of the best selling artists of all time.[419][420][421][422][423] On December 29, 2009, the American Film Institute recognized Jackson's death as a "moment of significance" saying, "Michael Jackson's sudden death in June at age 50 was notable for the worldwide outpouring of grief and the unprecedented global eulogy of his posthumous concert rehearsal movie This Is It."[424] Michael Jackson also received a Doctor of Humane Letters Degree from the United Negro College Fund[425] and also an Honorary Doctorate of Humane Letters from Fisk University.[426]
Earnings and wealth
It is estimated that Michael Jackson earned about $750 million in his lifetime.[427] Sales of his recordings through Sony's music unit earned him an estimated $300 million in royalties. He may have also earned an additional $400 million from concerts, music publishing (including his share of the Beatles catalog) endorsements, merchandising and music videos. Estimating how much of these earnings Jackson was able to personally pocket is difficult because one has to account for taxes, recording costs and production costs.[428]
There have also been several detailed estimates of Jackson's net worth and these range from negative $285 million to positive $350 million.
Michael Jackson's estimated net-worth over the years

Year
Assets
Debt
Net worth
Source
2002 $130 million $415 million -$285 million Forensic accountant in 2005 recalling Jackson's 2002 balance sheet under oath[429]
2003 $550 million ($100 million in properties including Neverland ranch; Encino and Las Vegas homes and other properties and $450 million in music holdings including 50% stake in Sony ATV and other music publishing) $200 million $350 million Forbes magazine, November 21, 2003[430]
2007 $567.6 million (includes 50% share of the Sony/ATV catalog valued at $390.6 million, Neverland valued at $33 million, cars, antiques, collectibles and other property valued at $20 million, and $668,215 in cash) $331 million $236 million Michael Jackson's March 2007 statement of financial condition prepared by Washington-based accounting firm Thompson, Cobb, Bazilio & Associates; described by CBS News as the clearest account yet of Jackson's finances.[431]
U.S. Federal estate tax problems
On July 26, 2013, the executors of the Estate of Michael Jackson filed a petition in the United States Tax Court as a result of a dispute with the Internal Revenue Service (IRS) over U.S. federal estate taxes imposed on the value of Jackson's Estate at the time of his death. The executors of the Estate claim that the Estate was worth about $7 million. The IRS asserts that the Estate was worth over $1.1 billion, and that over $700 million in federal estate taxes (including penalties) are due.[432][433]
Discography
Main articles: Michael Jackson albums discography and Michael Jackson singles discography
See also: Jackson 5 discography
Got to Be There (1972)
Ben (1972)
Music & Me (1973)
Forever, Michael (1975)
Off the Wall (1979)
Thriller (1982)
Bad (1987)
Dangerous (1991)
HIStory: Past, Present and Future, Book I (1995)
Invincible (2001)
Filmography
See also: Michael Jackson videography
The Wiz (1978)
Captain EO (1986)
Moonwalker (1988)
Michael Jackson's Ghosts (1997)
Men in Black II (2002)
Miss Cast Away and the Island Girls (2004)
Michael Jackson's This Is It (2009)
Bad 25 (2012)
Michael Jackson: The Last Photo Shoot (2014)
Tours
Main article: List of concert tours by Michael Jackson and The Jackson 5
Bad (1987–89)
Dangerous World Tour (1992–93)
HIStory World Tour (1996–97)
MJ & Friends (1999)
This Is It (2009–10) (cancelled)
See also

Portal icon Michael Jackson portal
Portal icon The Jackson Family portal
Portal icon African American portal
Book icon Book: Michael Jackson

Honorific nicknames in popular music
List of cover versions of Michael Jackson songs
List of songs recorded by Michael Jackson
List of unreleased Michael Jackson songs
Michael Jackson-related games
Personal relationships of Michael Jackson
Notes
Note 1^
According to The Wall Street Journal and diverse news sites, the 750 million units sold by Michael Jackson is an inflated figure that was initially claimed by Raymone Bain (2006),[434][435] who was the singer's publicist at that time, without any factual evidence and probably in an effort to promote album sales.[436][437] From 2006 until present time, several sources such as MTV, Reuters, and Billboard have claimed that Michael Jackson has sold 750 million units, however, Adrian Strain, a representative from the International Federation of the Phonographic Industry (IFPI) has said that this figure is unreal.
References
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272.Jump up ^ "Los Angeles Fire Department recording of the emergency phone call made from Michael Jackson's home". BBC. June 26, 2009. Retrieved June 27, 2009.
273.Jump up ^ "Transcript of 911 call". Yahoo! News. June 26, 2009.
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276.Jump up ^ Tourtellotte, Bob (June 25, 2009). "King of Pop Michael Jackson is dead: official". Reuters. Retrieved June 25, 2009.
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326.Jump up ^ "Freddie Mercury – Collaborations: Michael Jackson". Ultimatequeen.co.uk. Retrieved September 27, 2014.
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328.Jump up ^ "There Must Be More To Life Than This". Ultimatequeen.co.uk. Retrieved September 27, 2014.
329.Jump up ^ "Queen set to release Freddie Mercury and Michael Jackson duets in 2012". NME.COM. November 11, 2011. Retrieved September 27, 2014.
330.Jump up ^ Coulehan, Erin (July 29, 2013). "Michael Jackson Duets With Freddie Mercury Set for Release". Rolling Stone Magazine. Retrieved August 29, 2013.
331.Jump up ^ "English Premier League: Fans can 'go to hell', says Fulham owner Mohamed Al Fayed". BBC News. April 3, 2011. Retrieved July 6, 2012.
332.Jump up ^ Ronay, Barney (April 1, 2011). "Fulham fans cry foul over 'bizarre' Michael Jackson statue". The Guardian (London). Retrieved April 20, 2011.
333.Jump up ^ "Michael Jackson Fulham FC statue defended by Al Fayed". BBC. April 3, 2011. Retrieved April 20, 2011.
334.Jump up ^ Rice, Simon (September 25, 2013). "Michael Jackson is HIStory: Controversial statue removed from Fulham stadium Craven Cottage". The Independent (London). Retrieved September 26, 2013.
335.Jump up ^ "Jermaine calls for an end to Jackson family feud". BBC News. August 2, 2012. Retrieved October 3, 2012.
336.Jump up ^ "Michael Jackson nephew made co-guardian of children". BBC News. August 23, 2012. Retrieved October 3, 2012.
337.Jump up ^ Pow, Helen (May 16, 2013). "Wade Robson: Michael Jackson 'molested me for SEVEN years and said I'd go to jail for the rest of my life if I told anyone'". Daily Mail (London). Retrieved January 16, 2014.
338.Jump up ^ Broder, John (May 6, 2005). "2 Witnesses Say They Shared Jackson's Bed and Were Never Molested". The New York Times. Retrieved January 16, 2014.
339.Jump up ^ "Michael Jackson Estate Calls Wade Robson's Molestation Claims 'Pathetic'". MTV News. May 8, 2013. Retrieved January 16, 2014.
340.Jump up ^ Heger, Jen (October 10, 2013). "D-Day For Michael Jackson Molestation Accuser: Trial Scheduled To Determine If Wade Robson Can Sue Estate". Radar Online. Retrieved January 16, 2014.
341.Jump up ^ Gottlieb, Jeff (February 7, 2014). "Michael Jackson estate embroiled in tax fight with IRS". Los Angeles Times. Retrieved February 10, 2014.
342.Jump up ^ "New Michael Jackson album to be released in May". March 31, 2014. Retrieved April 2, 2014.
343.Jump up ^ "New Michael Jackson Album 'Xscape' to Be Released in May". Billboard. March 31, 2014. Retrieved February 4, 2014.
344.Jump up ^ Dimond, Diane. "Exclusive: Michael Jackson Hit With New Sex Abuse Claim". The Daily Beast. Retrieved May 13, 2014.
345.Jump up ^ "Michael Jackson Hologram Rocks Billboard Music Awards: Go Behind the Scenes". Billboard. May 18, 2014. Retrieved June 18, 2014.
346.^ Jump up to: a b Tucker, Ken (June 5, 1988). "SUMMER READING; FIRING YOUR FATHER ISN'T EASY". The New York Times. p. 2. Archived from the original on July 26, 2012. Retrieved July 26, 2012.
347.Jump up ^ "Why People Still Dance Like Gene Kelly". Slate. Retrieved October 5, 2012.
348.Jump up ^ "100 Greatest Singers: David Ruffin". Rolling Stone. 2008. Retrieved March 16, 2013.
349.Jump up ^ Jones, Jel D. Lewis (2005). Michael Jackson, the king of pop: the big picture : the music! the man! the legend! the interviews : an anthology. Amber Books Publishing. ISBN 978-0-9749779-0-4.
350.Jump up ^ "David Winters remembers Michael Jackson " Magick Papers & Nightlife Thailand". Magickpapers.com. Retrieved May 16, 2011.
351.Jump up ^ "Thank you BigBearJohn: here's also David Winters". Democratic Underground. Retrieved May 16, 2011.
352.Jump up ^ "Remembering Michael Jackson, On Screen". indieWIRE. Retrieved May 16, 2011.
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354.Jump up ^ "James Brown – Jackson Attends Brown's Public Funeral". Contactmusic.com. January 2, 2007. Retrieved September 2, 2009.[dead link]
355.Jump up ^ Taraborrelli, p. 60
356.Jump up ^ Taraborrelli, p. 64
357.Jump up ^ Taraborrelli, pp. 209–210
358.^ Jump up to: a b Heyliger, M. "Thriller by Michael Jackson". Consumerhelpweb.com. Archived from the original on December 4, 2008. Retrieved March 12, 2011. "Not many artists could pull off such a variety of styles (funk, post-disco, rock, easy listening, ballads) back then...."
359.^ Jump up to: a b c Erlewine, Stephen Thomas. "Thriller Overview". AllMusic. Retrieved June 15, 2008.
360.Jump up ^ Henderson, Eric (2003). "Michael Jackson:Thriller". Slant Magazine. Retrieved June 15, 2008.
361.^ Jump up to: a b c d Connelly, Christopher (January 28, 1983). "Michael Jackson: Thriller". Rolling Stone.
362.^ Jump up to: a b George, p.24
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364.Jump up ^ Ramage, John D.; Bean, John C.; Johnson, June (2001). Writing arguments: a rhetoric with readings. Allyn and Bacon. p. 491. ISBN 0-205-31745-6. "'Black or White', described by the record company as 'a rock 'n' roll dance song about racial harmony'"
365.Jump up ^ Pareles, Jon (September 3, 1987). "How good is Jackson's Bad?". The New York Times. Retrieved July 23, 2008.
366.^ Jump up to: a b Erlewine, Stephen Thomas. "Dangerous Overview". AllMusic. Retrieved June 15, 2008.
367.^ Jump up to: a b c d e f g Pareles, Jon (November 24, 1991). "Michael Jackson in the Electronic Wilderness". The New York Times. Retrieved July 23, 2008.
368.Jump up ^ Harrington, Richard (November 24, 1991). "Jackson's 'Dangerous' Departures; Stylistic Shifts Mar His First Album in 4 Years". The Washington Post.
369.^ Jump up to: a b Erlewine, Stephen Thomas. "Michael Jackson HIStory Overview". AllMusic. Retrieved June 15, 2008.
370.^ Jump up to: a b Hunter, James (August 10, 1995). "Michael Jackson HIStory". Rolling Stone.
371.Jump up ^ "Thomas W. (Tom) Sneddon, Jr". ndaa.org. Archived from the original on January 2, 2008. Retrieved July 12, 2008.
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374.Jump up ^ Brackett, pp. 414
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380.Jump up ^ Isabelle Stegner-Petitjean, "“The Voice in the Mirror”. Michael Jackson: from a vocal identity to its double in sound", Volume!, n° 8–2, Nantes: Éditions Mélanie Seteun, pp. 222–253.
381.Jump up ^ Chery, Carl: XXL: Michael Jackson Special Collecters Edition, page 95. American Press.
382.Jump up ^ "Michael Jackson, "Billie Jean," directed by Steve Barron, produced by Simon Fields & Paul Flattery,". Blender. October 2005.
383.^ Jump up to: a b Gundersen, Edna (August 25, 2005). "Music videos changing places". USA Today. Retrieved July 23, 2008.
384.Jump up ^ "Why it took MTV so long to play black music videos". Jet. October 9, 2006. Retrieved September 2, 2009.
385.Jump up ^ Robinson, Bryan (February 23, 2005). "Why Are Michael Jackson's Fans So Devoted?". ABC News. Retrieved April 6, 2007.
386.Jump up ^ Inglis, Ian (2006). Performance and popular music: history, place and time. Ashgate Publishing. pp. 119, 127. ISBN 978-0-7546-4057-8.
387.Jump up ^ Jackson, Michael. Thriller Special Edition Audio.
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389.Jump up ^ Corliss, Richard (September 6, 1993). "Who's Bad?". Time. Retrieved April 23, 2008.
390.Jump up ^ US Michael J. Jackson, Michael L. Bush, Dennis Tompkins: "Method and means for creating anti-gravity illusion", filed June 29, 1992, issued October 26, 1993 5255452
391.Jump up ^ Campbell, Lisa D. Michael Jackson: The King of Pop, p. 273.
392.Jump up ^ Michael Jackson Dangerous on Film VHS/DVD
393.Jump up ^ Campbell (1993), p. 303
394.Jump up ^ Campbell (1993), pp. 313–314
395.Jump up ^ Boepple, Leanne (November 1, 1995). Scream: Space Odyssey, Jackson-Style.(video production; Michael and Janet Jackson video) 29. Theatre Crafts International. p. 52. ISSN 1063-9497.
396.Jump up ^ Bark, Ed (June 26, 1995). "Michael Jackson Interview Raises Questions, Answers". St. Louis Post-Dispatch. p. 06E.
397.Jump up ^ Guinness World Records 2006
398.Jump up ^ Michael Jackson HIStory on Film volume II VHS/DVD
399.Jump up ^ Lewis, pp. 125–126
400.Jump up ^ Guinness World Records 2004
401.Jump up ^ Utley, Tom (March 8, 2003). "Of course Jackson's odd—but his genius is what matters". The Daily Telegraph (London). Retrieved July 23, 2008.
402.Jump up ^ "Michael Jackson". Search.bet.com. Retrieved June 11, 2012.
403.Jump up ^ Monroe, Bryan (December 2007). "Michael Jackson in His Own Words". Ebony.
404.Jump up ^ Barnes, Brokes (June 25, 2009). "A Star Idolized and Haunted, Michael Jackson Dies at 50". The New York Times. Retrieved July 12, 2009.
405.Jump up ^ "More adds, loose ends, and lament". The 120 Minutes Archive. July 25, 2009. Retrieved February 15, 2014.
406.Jump up ^ "Farewell to a King". People. July 20, 2009.
407.Jump up ^ "Berry Gordy-Brings Mourners To Their Feet With Jackson Tribute". Contact Music. July 7, 2009. Retrieved November 26, 2009.
408.Jump up ^ "Michael Jackson hailed as greatest entertainer, best dad". Reuters UK. July 8, 2009. Retrieved November 26, 2009.
409.^ Jump up to: a b Chandler, Cory. "Librarians Prove Michael Jackson Was a Rock Star in Academic Literature". Texas Tech University. Retrieved June 6, 2010.
410.Jump up ^ Hidalgo, Susan and Weiner, Robert G. (2010). "Wanna Be Startin' Somethin': MJ in the Scholarly Literature: A Selected Bibliographic Guide" (PDF). The Journal of Pan African Studies 3 (7): 14–28.
411.Jump up ^ Hidalgo and Weiner (2010), p. 25.
412.Jump up ^ "Michael Jackson and Halle Berry Pick Up Bambi Awards in Berlin". Hello!. November 22, 2002. Retrieved July 23, 2008.
413.Jump up ^ "Photos: Michael Jackson induction ceremony". NewsTimes. August 15, 2010. Retrieved September 10, 2010.
414.Jump up ^ "R&B Music Hall of Fame sets big weekend to induct sophomore class featuring Michael Jackson, Whitney Houston, Marvin Gaye, Norm N. Nite and more". The Plain Dealer. August 19, 2014. Retrieved September 10, 2014.
415.Jump up ^ "Michael Jackson Named Most Successful Entertainer Of All Time". CityNews. November 15, 2006. Retrieved March 19, 2010.
416.Jump up ^ "Hot 100 Anniversary: Most No. 1s By Artist". Billboard. Retrieved March 16, 2013.
417.Jump up ^ Rothman, Michael (August 29, 2013). "Happy 55th Birthday Michael Jackson - His Top 10 Moments". ABC News. American Broadcasting Company. Retrieved September 11, 2013.
418.Jump up ^ Desk, Entertainment (June 25, 2013). "Michael Jackson's death anniversary observed worldwide". Dhaka Tribune. Retrieved September 11, 2013.
419.Jump up ^ Collett-White, Mike (March 11, 2009). "Michael Jackson to add concerts after sellout". Reuters. Retrieved November 10, 2010.
420.Jump up ^ "GRAMMY Legend Award". National Academy of Recording Arts and Sciences. Retrieved September 5, 2011.
421.Jump up ^ "Lifetime Achievement Award". National Academy of Recording Arts and Sciences. Retrieved September 5, 2011.
422.Jump up ^ "List of American Music Awards winners". Sun Journal. January 18, 2000. Retrieved June 16, 2010.
423.Jump up ^ "Santana wins top album honors at American Music Awards". Times Daily. January 18, 2000. Retrieved June 16, 2010.
424.Jump up ^ Serjeant, Jill (December 29, 2009). "Michael Jackson's Death Among 2009's Major Moments". ABC News.
425.Jump up ^ "Michael Jackson Achievements". Michael Jackson. Retrieved January 4, 2011.[dead link]
426.Jump up ^ "Pop Star Michael Jackson Influenced Academics, Received PhD". Discovery.com. June 23, 2010. Retrieved January 4, 2011.
427.Jump up ^ "Stress killed MJ, says ex-publicist". The Times of India. June 27, 2009. Retrieved March 16, 2013.[dead link]
428.Jump up ^ O'Brien, Timothy L (May 14, 2006). "What Happened to the Fortune Michael Jackson Made?". The New York Times. p. 1. Retrieved March 16, 2013.
429.Jump up ^ Deutsch, Linda (March 4, 2005). "Forensic accountant tells court Jackson is in financial straits". U-T San Diego. Retrieved March 16, 2013.
430.Jump up ^ Pulley, Brett (November 21, 2003). "Michael Jackson's Ups And Downs". Forbes. Retrieved March 16, 2013.
431.Jump up ^ "Family: Michael Jackson Had A Will". CBS News. June 30, 2009. Retrieved March 16, 2013.
432.Jump up ^ Jeff Gottlieb, "Michael Jackson estate embroiled in tax fight with IRS," Los Angeles Times, February 7, 2014, at [1].
433.Jump up ^ Estate of Michael J. Jackson v. Commissioner, case no. 017152-13, U.S. Tax Court.
434.Jump up ^ Bain, Raymone. "Michael To Give Away 200 FREE Tickets To Fans, And Discounted Rates". Kingofpop.info. Archived from the original (WEBSITE FROM FANCLUB OF MICHAEL JACKSON) on 2006. Retrieved January 17, 2013.
435.Jump up ^ Bain, Raymone (October 31, 2006). "Statement from Raymone Bain to all fans and fanclubs". Mjtmc.com. Archived from the original (WEBSITE FROM FANCLUB OF MICHAEL JACKSON) on February 26, 2012. Retrieved January 10, 2013.
436.Jump up ^ Lara, David (May 12, 2012). "Michael Jackson's 'Bad' Gets a Revamp and More Inflated Sales!". Impre (ImpreMedia). Retrieved January 17, 2013.
437.Jump up ^ Bialik, Carl (July 15, 2009). "Spun: The Off-the-Wall Accounting of Record Sales". The Wall Street Journal. Retrieved January 17, 2013.
Sources
Brackett, Nathan; Hoard, Christian (2004). The Rolling Stone Album Guide. Fireside. ISBN 0-7432-0169-8.
Campbell, Lisa (1993). Michael Jackson: The King of Pop. Branden. ISBN 0-8283-1957-X.
Campbell, Lisa (1995). Michael Jackson: The King of Pop's Darkest Hour. Branden. ISBN 0-8283-2003-9.
Dineen, Catherine (1993). Michael Jackson: In His Own Words. Omnibus Press. ISBN 0-7119-3216-6.
George, Nelson (2004). Michael Jackson: The Ultimate Collection booklet. Sony BMG.
Giambusso, David (June 25, 2009). "Michael Jackson memorabilia owner recalls turbulent past with musical family". The Star-Ledger (New Jersey).
Grant, Adrian (2005). Michael Jackson: The Visual Documentary. Omnibus Press. ISBN 1-84449-432-2.
Guinness World Records (2003). Guinness World Records 2004. Guinness. ISBN 1-892051-20-6.
Guinness World Records (2005). Guinness World Records 2006. Guinness. ISBN 1-904994-02-4.
Jackson, Michael (2009) [First published 1988]. Moonwalk. Random House. ISBN 978-0-307-71698-9.
Jackson, Michael (2006). My World, The Official Photobook, Vol. 1. Triumph International. ISBN 0-9768891-1-0.
Jones, Bob (2005). Michael Jackson: The Man Behind the Mask. Select Books Inc. ISBN 1-59079-072-3.
Jefferson, Margo (2007). On Michael Jackson. Vintage Books. ISBN 978-0-307-27765-7.
Lewis Jones, Jel D. (2005). Michael Jackson, the King of Pop: The Big Picture: the Music! the Man! the Legend! the Interviews: an Anthology. Amber Books Publishing. p. 3. ISBN 978-0-9749779-0-4.
Noonan, Damien (1994). Michael Jackson (Audio book). Carlton Books. ISBN 1-85797-587-1.
Ramage, John D.; Bean, John C.; Johnson, June (2001). Writing arguments: a rhetoric with readings. Allyn and Bacon. ISBN 0-205-31745-6.
Stegner-Petitjean, Isabelle (2011). ""The Voice in the Mirror". Michael Jackson: from a vocal identity to its double in sound". Volume! / Éditions Mélanie Seteun.
Taraborrelli, J. Randy (2009). Michael Jackson: The Magic, The Madness, The Whole Story, 1958–2009. Terra Alta, WV: Grand Central Publishing, 2009. ISBN 0-446-56474-5.
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Geri Halliwell

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Jump to: navigation, search


Geri Horner
Geri Halliwell, Ivor Novello Awards, 2013 (tone).jpg
Halliwell in 2013

Born
Geraldine Estelle Halliwell
 6 August 1972 (age 42)[1][2][3]
Watford, Hertfordshire, England
Other names
Ginger Spice
Occupation
Singer-songwriter ·
 author ·
 actress ·
 fashion designer ·
 model ·
 television personality
 
Years active
1994–present
Spouse(s)
Christian Horner (m. 2015)
Children
1
Musical career
Genres
Pop ·
 dance ·
 synthpop
 
Instruments
Vocals
Labels
Virgin ·
 EMI ·
 Capitol ·
 Innocent ·
 Sony Music Australia
 
Associated acts
Spice Girls
Website
gerihalliwell.com
Geraldine Estelle "Geri" Horner[4] /d??ri/ (neè Halliwell; born 6 August 1972) is an English pop singer-songwriter, clothes designer, author and actress. Halliwell came to international prominence in the 1990s as Ginger Spice, a member of girl group the Spice Girls. On 27 May 1998, Halliwell left the Spice Girls due to depression and differences within the group. In 2007, it was announced that the Spice Girls had reunited, and that Halliwell had rejoined the group. Together they embarked on the Return of the Spice Girls tour and released a Greatest Hits album. Halliwell has reportedly amassed a $30 million fortune during her last two years in the group.[5]
In 1999, Halliwell launched her solo career and released her debut album, Schizophonic, which spawned three number ones at the UK Singles Chart; "Mi Chico Latino", "Lift Me Up", and "Bag It Up", while the lead single, "Look at Me", peaked at number two. In 2001, Halliwell released her second album, Scream If You Wanna Go Faster; the first single, "It's Raining Men", peaked at number one in the UK and went on to become Halliwell's biggest hit of her career worldwide. She released her third studio album, Passion, in 2005. Halliwell has been nominated for four Brit Awards (in 2000 and 2002).
After a few years of relative obscurity, in April 2010, Halliwell announced that she had started working on new music.[6] In April 2013, the Nine Network announced that she would become the fourth judge on Australia's Got Talent.[7] On 12 September 2013, it was announced that Halliwell would return to the music industry in Australia with the release of her first solo single in nearly eight years, "Half of Me".[8] With 11 number one singles (seven as part of the Spice Girls and four as a solo artist) she is the female singer with the third most number one singles in UK Singles Chart history.


Contents  [hide]
1 Early life
2 Musical career 2.1 1994–98: Spice Girls
2.2 1999–2005: Schizophonic, Scream If You Wanna Go Faster and Passion
2.3 2007–present: Spice Girls reunion, Australia's Got Talent and fourth studio album
3 Non-musical works
4 Personal life
5 Discography
6 Bibliography
7 Filmography
8 Awards and nominations
9 References
10 External links

Early life[edit]
Halliwell was born at Watford General Hospital, Hertfordshire, to Laurence Francis Halliwell (1922–1993),[9] who was of English and Swedish descent, and his Spanish wife Ana María (née Hidalgo), who is a native of Huesca. Halliwell grew up on a council estate in North Watford.[10] She was educated at Watford Grammar School for Girls and Camden School for Girls.[11]
Before starting her music career, Halliwell had worked as a nightclub dancer in Majorca,[10] a presenter on the Turkish version of Let's Make a Deal,[10] and as a glamour model.[10] At the age of 18, she appeared in The Sun as a Page 3 girl. Following her rise to fame with the Spice Girls, nude photos of Halliwell were republished in a number of magazines in 1992 and 1996 including Playboy and Penthouse.[12][13]
Musical career[edit]
1994–98: Spice Girls[edit]
Main article: Spice Girls
In 1994 Halliwell, along with Melanie Chisholm, Melanie Brown, Emma Bunton, and Victoria Beckham responded to an advertisement in The Stage magazine.[14] Around 400 women who answered the ad went to Dance Works studios. Halliwell, Chisholm, Beckham (née Adams), Bunton and Brown were ultimately chosen as the members of the group. The group felt insecure about the lack of a contract and were frustrated by the direction in which Heart Management was steering them. In October 1994, armed with a catalogue of demos and dance routines, the group began touring management agencies. They persuaded Bob Herbert to set up a showcase performance for the group in front of industry writers, producers and A&R men in December 1994 at the Nomis Studios in Shepherd's Bush where they received an "overwhelmingly positive" reaction.[15] Due to the large interest in the group, the Herberts quickly set about creating a binding contract for the group. Encouraged by the reaction they had received at the Nomis showcase, all five members delayed signing contracts on the legal advice from, amongst others, Adams' father Anthony Adams. In March 1995, because of the group's frustration at their management's unwillingness to listen to their visions and ideas, they parted with Heart Management.



 Halliwell (centre of photo) performing live with the Spice Girls in Canada
The group began a relationship with Simon Fuller of 19 Entertainment and finally signed with him in March 1995. During the summer of that year the group toured record labels in London and Los Angeles with Fuller and finally signed a deal with Virgin Records in September 1995. From this point on, up to the summer of 1996, the group continued to write and record tracks for their debut album while extensively touring the west coast of the United States, where they had signed a publishing deal with Windswept Pacific. On 7 June 1996, the Spice Girls released their debut single "Wannabe" in the United Kingdom. In the weeks leading up to the release, the video for "Wannabe", got a trial airing on The Box music channel. The song proved to be a global hit, reaching number 1 in 29 countries.[16] and becoming the biggest-selling single by an all-female group of all time.[17] It was followed by nine further number-1 singles from their albums Spice, Spiceworld and Forever.[18] Each member of the group received a nickname from the media. Halliwell was named "Ginger Spice." Other successful releases followed, including "Say You'll Be There" and "2 Become 1" from Spice, and "Spice Up Your Life", "Too Much" and "Stop" from Spiceworld.[19]



 Halliwell performing on the 1997 Brit Awards wearing the iconic Union Jack dress
On 31 May 1998, Halliwell announced that she had left the Spice Girls due to natural depression and differences between the group.[20] The first official confirmation was an announcement to the media by her solicitor on 31 May. Her action aroused controversy, her former group being due to embark on a North American tour, which they eventually completed without her.[21] Although she had already left the group, the Spice Girls released "Viva Forever", the final music video to feature Halliwell's likeness, plus a one-off supergroup called England United for the official England FC song (Jo Whiley introduced the band saying "...plus Geri as a substitute"). After she left, the other girls co-wrote a few songs about her, which appeared on their album Forever: "Goodbye", "Tell Me Why" and "Let Love Lead the Way".[22] The group is among the best-selling girl groups of all time, selling over 75 million albums.[23][24]
1999–2005: Schizophonic, Scream If You Wanna Go Faster and Passion[edit]
In 1999, Halliwell launched her solo career and released her debut album Schizophonic, with the lead single "Look at Me", produced by Absolute and Phil Bucknall. "Look at Me" was followed by further number ones at the UK Singles Chart "Mi Chico Latino", "Lift Me Up", and "Bag It Up". The album itself reached a peak at number 4 United Kingdom, and sold 600,000 copies there, making it 2× Platinum.[25] Halliwell was nominated at BRIT Awards ceremony in 2000, for Best British Female Solo Artist and Best Pop Act, she also performed "Bag It Up" during the show, emerging between giant inflatable legs, ripping off her shirt and walking in stiletto heels over the backs of topless pink-haired men whilst performing the song. "Look at Me" was released to radio in the United States in late 1999, receiving limited airplay. With only a radio single, Schizophonic debuted at number forty-two on the Billboard 200 before dropping out within the next month. The album was eventually certified Gold, distributing over 500,000 copies.[26] "Mi Chico Latino" did not have a big impact on American radio, and no further singles from Schizophonic or albums were released in the United States.[citation needed] Schizophonic ended up selling around 2,300,000 copies worldwide, and remains Halliwell's biggest selling album to date.[27]
In 2001, Halliwell followed up with her second album, Scream If You Wanna Go Faster, the album peaked at number 5 in the United Kingdom, and sold 200,000 copies there and was certified Gold. It included her cover version of the Weather Girls' 1983 hit, "It's Raining Men", was also used on the Bridget Jones's Diary film soundtrack, and the video game, DDRMAX2 Dance Dance Revolution 7thMix. The song was released as the lead single from the album. "It's Raining Men" became a major hit worldwide, it peaked at number 1 in the United Kingdom and peaked in the top 10 in over 27 countries, becoming Halliwell's biggest hit to date. The song won her the International Song of the Year award at the 2002 NRJ Music Awards. The song originally been added to the album at the last minute, and another song, "Feels Like Sex", had already been slated as the lead single. The singles that followed, "Scream If You Wanna Go Faster" and "Calling", reached, respectively, number eight and number seven in the United Kingdom. Halliwell released a special French edition of "Calling", titled "Au Nom de L'amour". Scream If You Wanna Go Faster achieved lower success outside the United Kingdom than Schizophonic and was not released in the United States.[citation needed] In 2002, Halliwell was once again nominated at the BRIT Awards, this time for Best British Female Solo Artist and Best British Single for "It's Raining Men". "Scream If You Wanna Go Faster" has sold a little less than 1,300,000 copies worldwide.[27] In 2002, Halliwell was featured alongside Pete Waterman and Louis Walsh as a judge on the television series Popstars: The Rivals, which created Girls Aloud.[28]
In late 2004, Halliwell made a return to music with the single "Ride It", which reached number four in the United Kingdom and number one on the dance charts. However, several months elapsed before another single was released, during which time she was apparently instructed to record some new tracks for the as yet unreleased album by her record company, which was unhappy with the setlist.[29] Halliwell planned her first solo tour of the United Kingdom and Ireland, but due to lack of ticket sales, compounded by the label's pressure on Halliwell to record additional songs, led to the cancellation of the tour.[citation needed] Eventually, a new single, "Desire", was released on 30 May 2005, reaching number 22 in the UK Singles Chart and number one on the UK Dance Charts. Released shortly after, the source album, Passion, similarly received little attention from the public or critics, and stalled at number 41 in the British charts. Halliwell's recording contract with EMI was subsequently not renewed, and in subsequent interviews, Halliwell stated that she was not interested in recording another album at that time and was content with writing children's books and being a mother.
2007–present: Spice Girls reunion, Australia's Got Talent and fourth studio album[edit]



 Halliwell performing in 4 December 2007 on the Return of The Spice Girls Tour
In 2007, the Spice Girls re-grouped and announced planns for an reunion tour,[24] from which they were said to have earned £10 million each (approximately $20 million).[30] The team's members said that they were still enjoying doing their "own thing".[31] The group decided to release their first compilation album, a collection of their Greatest Hits. This album was released in early November 2007, and the tour began on 2 December 2007. During the reformation Film maker Bob Smeaton directed an official film of the tour, which he titled Spice Girls: Giving You Everything.[32] As well as their sell-out tour, the Spice Girls were contracted to appear in Tesco advertisements, for which they were paid £1 million each.[33] In March 2010 vocal coach and singer Carrie Grant announced on ITV1's The Alan Titchmarsh Show that Halliwell would be making a return to music. In April 2010, Halliwell posted a message on her website, saying she was back in the studio and referring to Lady Gaga as one of her influences.[34] In May 2011, reports suggested that Halliwell would be making a return to music.[35] On 31 July 2011, Halliwell confirmed she had been working on her fourth album, stating of it, "The album's pretty much finished."[6]
In February 2012, Halliwell announced that the fourth album was being mastered.[36] In August 2012, she reunited with the Spice Girls to perform at the closing ceremony of the Olympic Games in London. In 2010, Halliwell stood in for Dannii Minogue as a guest judge on The X Factor at the Glasgow auditions alongside Simon Cowell, Louis Walsh and Cheryl Cole,[37] and she returned again in 2012 as a guest judge at the Liverpool auditions alongside Walsh, Gary Barlow and Tulisa Contostavlos. In October 2012, Halliwell made her first solo performance in seven years at the Breast Cancer Care, debutting a new track, called "Phenomenal Woman".[38][39] In January 2013, Halliwell claimed that she had decided to shelve the album that was ready and continue writing and recording, moving in a different style direction. In April 2013, the Nine Network announced that she would become the fourth judge on Australia's Got Talent.[7]
On 5 September 2013, it was confirmed by Channel 9's NRL Footy Show (one of the longest running shows in Australia) that Halliwell would be performing a world exclusive of "Half of Me", her first solo single in nearly eight years, at its Grand Final Show. The performance took place on 3 October 2013, exactly one year after her last exhibition with new material at the Breast Cancer Care Show. On 12 September 2013, it was announced that the song "Half of Me" would be released exclusively in Australia, as part of a new deal with Sony Music Australia.[8] The single was released on 25 October 2013 and reached a dismal number 281 in the Australian charts.[40] Halliwell then took to her official blog to write about her[41] upsetting experience back in the music business and hinted of possibly retiring for good. On the grand final of Australia's Got Talent, she performed an acoustic version of the Spice Girls' hit single "Wannabe".[42]
In 2015, Geri Halliwell has revealed she is back in studio for working on a new material.[43]
Non-musical works[edit]
In 1999, she wrote an autobiography If Only, in which described her life as a Spice Girl.[28] In 1999 Halliwell became a representative for the United Nations Population Fund (UNFPA).[44] Halliwell appeared in a 90-minute documentary Geri for the British television channel Channel 4 by Molly Dineen.[45] In 2000 Halliwell appeared in the two part documentary series Geri's World Walkabout for the BBC, which followed her work with the UN and other travels. Halliwell picked up further UN work in 2006, by visiting Zambia from 14–16 November, to promote greater international awareness of the urgent need to reduce maternal death and halt the spread of HIV/AIDS.[citation needed] In the run-up to the 1997 UK General Election, Halliwell declared: "I saw a lot of what Mrs Thatcher did. She was definitely the original Spice Girl rising from the greengrocer's daughter to Prime Minister." She claimed that her background was deeply rooted in support for the Conservative Party and that Thatcher was the pioneer of 'Girl Power' and the spiritual sixth member of the Spice Girls. She claimed in 1996 that Tony Blair was "not a safe pair of hands for the economy".[46]



 Halliwell at a book signing in 2008
By the 2001 general election Halliwell had switched her support to Tony Blair and the Labour Party, making a cameo appearance in one of their party election broadcasts.[47] In 2002 she released her second autobiography, Just for the Record, detailing her rise to fame and her turbulent celebrity lifestyle.[28] She has also released two Yoga DVDs with her yoga teacher Katy Appleton, Geri Yoga and Geri Body Yoga.[48] In the United States, Halliwell appeared as a judge on the reality programme All American Girl and as a guest reporter on celebrity-based series Extra. She has also made appearances in the television series Sex and the City and in the 2004 film Fat Slags, based on characters from Viz Magazine.
In 2004, Halliwell appeared on Channel Five as one of the hosts of the Party in the Park event for the Prince's Trust, the presenter and main performer of the Tickled Pink Girls' night in Live! event and an appearance in a documentary There's Something About Geri.[28] On 12 April 2007, it was announced that Halliwell had signed a six-book deal with Macmillan Children's Books.[49] The books follow the adventures of nine-year-old Ugenia, a character based on Halliwell,[50] alongside her friends Bronte, Rudy and Trevor.[51] The character Princess Posh Vattoria, a caricature of Halliwell's bandmate Victoria Beckham, was featured in early drafts but has not appeared in the book series.[52] Other characters are said by Halliwell to be loosely based on Gordon Ramsay,[53] George Michael,[54] Marilyn Monroe,[55] Vincent van Gogh,[55] Wayne Rooney[56] and the character Justin Suarez from the TV series Ugly Betty.[56] According to the official site, the book sold more than 250,000 copies in its first 5 months making its author Halliwell 2008's most successful female celebrity children's author.[57]
Halliwell appeared in the film Crank: High Voltage alongside her friend, actor John Damon, and on the BBC 1's The One Show on 7 May 2009.[58]
Personal life[edit]
On 14 May 2006 Halliwell gave birth to her daughter, Bluebell, at London's Portland Hospital. The father is screenwriter Sacha Gervasi who she dated for six weeks in 2005. Victoria Beckham and Emma Bunton are godmothers.[59]
Halliwell began dating Christian Horner, the Team Principal of the Infiniti Red Bull Racing Formula One team in February 2014;[60] the couple announced their engagement in The Times in November 2014.[61] Their wedding took place on Friday 15 May 2015 at St Mary's Church in Woburn, Bedfordshire.[62]
Halliwell has spoken out about her experiences of bulimia saying that she came close to death,[63] weighing just 7 stone (44 kg), and was advised by Robbie Williams to seek medical help.[64] She has more recently talked about being comfortable with her body and credits her new found healthy relationship with food to motherhood.[65]
Discography[edit]
Main article: Geri Halliwell discography
Schizophonic (1999)
Scream If You Wanna Go Faster (2001)
Passion (2005)
Bibliography[edit]
1999 – If Only
2002 – Just for the Record
2008 – Ugenia Lavender
Filmography[edit]
Television

Year
Title
Role
Notes
1990 Dance Energy Herself Uncredited; Only as Dancer/Stagehand
1991 Let's Make a Deal Herself Uncredited; Only as Dancer/Stagehand
1999 100 Greatest Women of Rock & Roll Presenter TV show
Al Salir de Clase Herself "Duelo en las calles" (Episode 63; Season 3)
 "Rebelión en las aulas" (Episode 65; Season 3)
2002 Bo' Selecta! Various roles "Geri Halliwell" (Episode 4; Season 1)
Popstars: The Rivals Mentor/Herself/Judge Season 1
2003 All American Girl Mentor/Herself/Judge Season 1
Sex and the City Phoebe Herrison "Boy, Interrupted" (Episode 10; Season 6)
2004 Top Gear Herself "5.2" (Episode 2; Season 5)
2008 Friday Night Project Presenter/Sely/Lissandra Episode 5; Season 6
American Idol Mentor/Herself/Judge Episode 30; Season 7
2009 Head Case Susan Galler "Back in the Game" (Episode 5; Season 3)
2010 Come Fly With Me Herself "Pilot" (Episode 1; Season 1)
2010 The X Factor Herself/Judge Season 7 (Glasgow auditions judge)
2012 The Spice Girls Story: Viva Forever Herself Documentary about the Spice Girls
2012 The X Factor Herself/Judge Season 9 (Liverpool auditions judge)
2013 Australia's Got Talent Herself/Judge Series 7
Films

Year
Title
Role
Notes
1995 Foggy Notion Sami Main role
1997 Spiceworld Ginger Spice 
1999 Geri – A Film by Molly Dineen Herself TV film; Documentary
2000 Geri's World Walkabouts Herself TV film; Documentary
Therapy Amy Sulivan Unreleased[66]
2004 Fat Slags: The Film Paige Stonach Voice; Animation film
2005 There's Something About Geri Herself TV film; Documentary
2007 Giving You Everything Herself TV film; Documentary
2009 Crank 2: High Voltage Karen Chelios 
Ant & Dec's Christmas Show Geri Doll TV film
2012 Viva Forever (The Spice Girls Story) Herself TV movie; Documentary
Awards and nominations[edit]

Year
Award
Category
For
Result
Notes

1999 Blockbuster Entertainment Award Favourite Actress – Comedy Spiceworld Nominated Shared with the Spice Girls
MTV Europe Music Awards Best Female  Nominated 
2000 Brit Awards Best British Female Solo Artist  Nominated 
Best Pop Act  Nominated 
Capital FM Awards Best British Female Singer  Won 
2001 Comet Awards Best International Female Singer  Won 
2002 Brit Awards Best British Female Solo Artist  Nominated 
Best British Single "It's Raining Men" Nominated 
NRJ Music Awards International Song of the Year "It's Raining Men" Won 
International Female Artist of the Year  Nominated 
2008  Bestselling female celebrity children's author of 2008. Ugenia Lavender Won 

References[edit]
1.Jump up ^ "Monitor". Entertainment Weekly (1219) (Time Inc.). 10 August 2012. p. 27.
2.Jump up ^ "Geri Halliwell Biography – Facts, Birthday, Life Story". Biography.com. Retrieved 1 April 2014.
3.Jump up ^ "Birth register page with Halliwell's entry".
4.Jump up ^ https://twitter.com/gerihalliwell
5.Jump up ^ "Ginger Spice's Departure Marks "End of the Beginning"" (DOC). Rolling Stone. Retrieved 26 May 2012.
6.^ Jump up to: a b "Geri Halliwell: 'My new album is ready'". Digital Spy. 31 July 2011. Retrieved 10 December 2012.
7.^ Jump up to: a b "Geri Halliwell". Agt.ninemsn.com.au. 5 August 2013. Retrieved 1 April 2014.
8.^ Jump up to: a b Brandle, Lisa (12 September 2013). "Geri Halliwell Readies New Music, Signs to Sony Music Australia". Billboard. Billboard.com. Retrieved 12 September 2013.
9.Jump up ^ "Deaths England and Wales 1984–2006". Findmypast.co.uk. Retrieved 8 August 2009.
10.^ Jump up to: a b c d Geri Halliwell, If Only
11.Jump up ^ Education (6 September 2008). "Town vs gown: north London". Telegraph. Retrieved 1 April 2014.
12.Jump up ^ Playboy (May 1998). 1998. Missing or empty |title= (help)
13.Jump up ^ Penthouse (June 1998). 1998. Missing or empty |title= (help)
14.Jump up ^ Spice Girls Official. Timeline. Retrieved 16 March 2009.
15.Jump up ^ Sinclair, p. 33.
16.Jump up ^ McGibbon, 1997. pp. 124–125.
17.Jump up ^ "Spice Girls, PMS on the Money". MTV Networks. 1 October 1997. Retrieved 21 March 2010.
18.Jump up ^ Barbara, Ellen (2 November 2003). "Watch this Spice". The Guardian (London). Retrieved 20 December 2007.
19.Jump up ^ Chart performances for the singles released by the Spice Girls. Retrieved from http://foreverspice.com/spicediscography/spicegirls.htm/.
20.Jump up ^ On This Day (30 May 1998): "Ginger leaves the Spice Girls". BBC News.
21.Jump up ^ "Spice Girls will do U.S. tour, with or without Ginger". London (AP). Saturday, 30 May 1998. Aallpop.canoe.ca.
22.Jump up ^ "Spice Girls dismiss comeback plan". Tuesday, 18 February 2003. BBC News. Halliwell left at the peak of the Spice Girls' success, and in 2007 the five girls reunited to embark on a final world tour and released another hit, "Headlines", a song about the girls' friendship and their relationships with each other.
23.Jump up ^ Hoyle, Ben (22 January 2010). "Viva Forever: Mamma Mia creator creates Spice Girls musical". The Times. Retrieved 8 May 2010.
24.^ Jump up to: a b "Spice Girls announce reunion tour". BBC News. 13 July 2007. Retrieved 14 July 2007.
25.Jump up ^ "BPI Certified Awards". British Phonographic Industry. Retrieved 10 February 2011.
26.Jump up ^ "RIAA Certification for "Schizophonic"". Riaa.com. Retrieved 8 August 2009.
27.^ Jump up to: a b "Geri Halliwell Sales around the world". chartsinfrance.net. Retrieved 11 February 2013.
28.^ Jump up to: a b c d "Geri Halliwell – Biography". Internet Movie Database. Retrieved 1 April 2014.
29.Jump up ^ "Interessante Informationen über die Musikgeschichte auf www.spicediscography.co.uk". Spicediscography.co.uk. Retrieved 1 April 2014.
30.Jump up ^ Nikkhah, Roya (16 December 2007). "A decade on, Spice Girls rock in London gig". The Daily Telegraph. Retrieved 20 December 2007.
31.Jump up ^ "Victoria Beckham Confident in Spice Girls' Reunion". Softpedia. Retrieved 5 August 2005.
32.Jump up ^ "New Spice Girls documentary on BBC One on 31 December". BBC Press Office. 19 October 2007. Retrieved 4 December 2007.
33.Jump up ^ Levy, Megan. Levy, Megan (12 November 2007). "Spice Girls front Tesco advertising campaign". The Daily Telegraph (London). Retrieved 20 December 2007.
34.Jump up ^ Moodie, Clemmie and Lawler, Danielle (3 April 2010). "Geri Halliwell is back in the studio and wants to get back on the road". Daily Mirror (Trinity Mirror). Retrieved 18 April 2010.
35.Jump up ^ "Geri Halliwell plans chart comeback!". Heatworld. 20 May 2011. Retrieved 10 December 2012.
36.Jump up ^ "Geri Halliwell: 'My new album will be released very soon'". Digital Spy. 3 February 2012. Retrieved 10 December 2012.
37.Jump up ^ "Halliwell joins X Factor judging panel". www.rte.ie. 10 June 2010. Retrieved 22 November 2010.
38.Jump up ^ "Geri Halliwell Planning Solo Comeback". 4Music. 8 September 2012. Retrieved 10 December 2012.
39.Jump up ^ "Geri Halliwell debuts new single 'Phenomenal Woman' – video". Digital Spy. 4 October 2012. Retrieved 10 December 2012.
40.Jump up ^ Moodie, Clemmie (5 November 2013). "Geri Halliwell embarrassed as new single flops with less than 400 sales in Australia – Mirror Online". Mirror.co.uk. Retrieved 1 April 2014.
41.Jump up ^ "Geri Halliwell Blog". Blog.gerihalliwell.com. Retrieved 1 April 2014.
42.Jump up ^ "Geri Halliwell – Wannabe – Live on Australia's Got Talent 2013 [HD". YouTube. 10 November 2013. Retrieved 1 April 2014.
43.Jump up ^ Geri Halliwell is back in studio on contactmusic.com
44.Jump up ^ "Geri starts UN work". BBC News. 11 June 1999. Retrieved 25 September 2014.
45.Jump up ^ Geri (Documentary by Molly Dineen) at the Internet Movie Database
46.Jump up ^ "Campaigning with the stars". BBC News. 14 May 2001. Retrieved 18 April 2010.
47.Jump up ^ "Tories dismiss Geri's Labour role". BBC News. 14 May 2001.
48.Jump up ^ "iVillage.com: A daily destination for everything that matters to women". iVillage. Retrieved 1 April 2014.
49.Jump up ^ "Halliwell launches writing career" Retrieved 12 April 2007, BBC News
50.Jump up ^ "New chapter for author Geri as she presents her 'inner brat' Ugenia". Hello Magazine. 28 April 2008. Retrieved 29 April 2008.
51.Jump up ^ "The first of six children's books by Geri Halliwell" (DOC). Pan Macmillan press release. Retrieved 29 April 2008.
52.Jump up ^ "Geri Halliwell writes kids' books". BBC Radio 1. 2008-04-30. Retrieved 3 May 2008.
53.Jump up ^ "Halliwell launches writing career". BBC News. 12 April 2007. Retrieved 29 April 2008.
54.Jump up ^ "Geri: Books first step to girl power". This Is Nottingham. 29 April 2008. Retrieved 29 April 2008.
55.^ Jump up to: a b Ellen, Barbara (15 April 2007). "Geri blossoms". The Observer (London). Retrieved 29 April 2008.
56.^ Jump up to: a b Didcock, Barry (5 May 2008). "Geri Halliwell". Sunday Herald. Retrieved 5 May 2008.
57.Jump up ^ "She's Ingenious". Ugenia Lavender. Retrieved 1 April 2014.
58.Jump up ^ The One Show Team (7 May 2009). "What did you think of the One?". BBC News. Retrieved 8 August 2009.
59.Jump up ^ "Famous godparents – Bluebell Halliwell and Victoria Beckham – Supanet Gallery". Supanet.com. Retrieved 25 December 2012.
60.Jump up ^ http://www.dailymail.co.uk/tvshowbiz/article-2592182/Geri-Halliwell-dating-Formula-1-team-boss-Christian-Horner-split-girlfriend-14-years.html
61.Jump up ^ "Geri Halliwell engaged to Formula One team boss Christian Horner". The Telegraph. 11 November 2014.
62.Jump up ^ Rebecca Pockington, Geri Halliwell wedding: Live updates as the Spice Girl marries F1 boss Christian Horner, The Daily Mirror, 15 May 2015
63.Jump up ^ "Geri Halliwell: Bulimia almost killed me". Ok Magazine. Retrieved 11 April 2015.
64.Jump up ^ "Geri Halliwell: Robbie Williams saved me from dying from bulimia". Daily Mail. Retrieved 11 April 2015.
65.Jump up ^ "Geri Halliwell: Bulimia will always be with me". Mirror. Retrieved 11 April 2015.
66.Jump up ^ "Geri Halliwell's 'Therapy' Cancelled". Pop Dirt. Retrieved 13 May 2010.
External links[edit]
 Wikimedia Commons has media related to Geri Halliwell.
Official website
Geri Halliwell at the Internet Movie Database


Authority control
WorldCat ·
 VIAF: 84962382 ·
 LCCN: n97880153 ·
 ISNI: 0000 0000 7841 1986 ·
 GND: 121953882 ·
 BNF: cb140224372 (data) ·
 MusicBrainz: 23207c32-6743-4982-9f46-e297b2e4eb14
 



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Geri Halliwell

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Geri Horner
Geri Halliwell, Ivor Novello Awards, 2013 (tone).jpg
Halliwell in 2013

Born
Geraldine Estelle Halliwell
 6 August 1972 (age 42)[1][2][3]
Watford, Hertfordshire, England
Other names
Ginger Spice
Occupation
Singer-songwriter ·
 author ·
 actress ·
 fashion designer ·
 model ·
 television personality
 
Years active
1994–present
Spouse(s)
Christian Horner (m. 2015)
Children
1
Musical career
Genres
Pop ·
 dance ·
 synthpop
 
Instruments
Vocals
Labels
Virgin ·
 EMI ·
 Capitol ·
 Innocent ·
 Sony Music Australia
 
Associated acts
Spice Girls
Website
gerihalliwell.com
Geraldine Estelle "Geri" Horner[4] /d??ri/ (neè Halliwell; born 6 August 1972) is an English pop singer-songwriter, clothes designer, author and actress. Halliwell came to international prominence in the 1990s as Ginger Spice, a member of girl group the Spice Girls. On 27 May 1998, Halliwell left the Spice Girls due to depression and differences within the group. In 2007, it was announced that the Spice Girls had reunited, and that Halliwell had rejoined the group. Together they embarked on the Return of the Spice Girls tour and released a Greatest Hits album. Halliwell has reportedly amassed a $30 million fortune during her last two years in the group.[5]
In 1999, Halliwell launched her solo career and released her debut album, Schizophonic, which spawned three number ones at the UK Singles Chart; "Mi Chico Latino", "Lift Me Up", and "Bag It Up", while the lead single, "Look at Me", peaked at number two. In 2001, Halliwell released her second album, Scream If You Wanna Go Faster; the first single, "It's Raining Men", peaked at number one in the UK and went on to become Halliwell's biggest hit of her career worldwide. She released her third studio album, Passion, in 2005. Halliwell has been nominated for four Brit Awards (in 2000 and 2002).
After a few years of relative obscurity, in April 2010, Halliwell announced that she had started working on new music.[6] In April 2013, the Nine Network announced that she would become the fourth judge on Australia's Got Talent.[7] On 12 September 2013, it was announced that Halliwell would return to the music industry in Australia with the release of her first solo single in nearly eight years, "Half of Me".[8] With 11 number one singles (seven as part of the Spice Girls and four as a solo artist) she is the female singer with the third most number one singles in UK Singles Chart history.


Contents  [hide]
1 Early life
2 Musical career 2.1 1994–98: Spice Girls
2.2 1999–2005: Schizophonic, Scream If You Wanna Go Faster and Passion
2.3 2007–present: Spice Girls reunion, Australia's Got Talent and fourth studio album
3 Non-musical works
4 Personal life
5 Discography
6 Bibliography
7 Filmography
8 Awards and nominations
9 References
10 External links

Early life[edit]
Halliwell was born at Watford General Hospital, Hertfordshire, to Laurence Francis Halliwell (1922–1993),[9] who was of English and Swedish descent, and his Spanish wife Ana María (née Hidalgo), who is a native of Huesca. Halliwell grew up on a council estate in North Watford.[10] She was educated at Watford Grammar School for Girls and Camden School for Girls.[11]
Before starting her music career, Halliwell had worked as a nightclub dancer in Majorca,[10] a presenter on the Turkish version of Let's Make a Deal,[10] and as a glamour model.[10] At the age of 18, she appeared in The Sun as a Page 3 girl. Following her rise to fame with the Spice Girls, nude photos of Halliwell were republished in a number of magazines in 1992 and 1996 including Playboy and Penthouse.[12][13]
Musical career[edit]
1994–98: Spice Girls[edit]
Main article: Spice Girls
In 1994 Halliwell, along with Melanie Chisholm, Melanie Brown, Emma Bunton, and Victoria Beckham responded to an advertisement in The Stage magazine.[14] Around 400 women who answered the ad went to Dance Works studios. Halliwell, Chisholm, Beckham (née Adams), Bunton and Brown were ultimately chosen as the members of the group. The group felt insecure about the lack of a contract and were frustrated by the direction in which Heart Management was steering them. In October 1994, armed with a catalogue of demos and dance routines, the group began touring management agencies. They persuaded Bob Herbert to set up a showcase performance for the group in front of industry writers, producers and A&R men in December 1994 at the Nomis Studios in Shepherd's Bush where they received an "overwhelmingly positive" reaction.[15] Due to the large interest in the group, the Herberts quickly set about creating a binding contract for the group. Encouraged by the reaction they had received at the Nomis showcase, all five members delayed signing contracts on the legal advice from, amongst others, Adams' father Anthony Adams. In March 1995, because of the group's frustration at their management's unwillingness to listen to their visions and ideas, they parted with Heart Management.



 Halliwell (centre of photo) performing live with the Spice Girls in Canada
The group began a relationship with Simon Fuller of 19 Entertainment and finally signed with him in March 1995. During the summer of that year the group toured record labels in London and Los Angeles with Fuller and finally signed a deal with Virgin Records in September 1995. From this point on, up to the summer of 1996, the group continued to write and record tracks for their debut album while extensively touring the west coast of the United States, where they had signed a publishing deal with Windswept Pacific. On 7 June 1996, the Spice Girls released their debut single "Wannabe" in the United Kingdom. In the weeks leading up to the release, the video for "Wannabe", got a trial airing on The Box music channel. The song proved to be a global hit, reaching number 1 in 29 countries.[16] and becoming the biggest-selling single by an all-female group of all time.[17] It was followed by nine further number-1 singles from their albums Spice, Spiceworld and Forever.[18] Each member of the group received a nickname from the media. Halliwell was named "Ginger Spice." Other successful releases followed, including "Say You'll Be There" and "2 Become 1" from Spice, and "Spice Up Your Life", "Too Much" and "Stop" from Spiceworld.[19]



 Halliwell performing on the 1997 Brit Awards wearing the iconic Union Jack dress
On 31 May 1998, Halliwell announced that she had left the Spice Girls due to natural depression and differences between the group.[20] The first official confirmation was an announcement to the media by her solicitor on 31 May. Her action aroused controversy, her former group being due to embark on a North American tour, which they eventually completed without her.[21] Although she had already left the group, the Spice Girls released "Viva Forever", the final music video to feature Halliwell's likeness, plus a one-off supergroup called England United for the official England FC song (Jo Whiley introduced the band saying "...plus Geri as a substitute"). After she left, the other girls co-wrote a few songs about her, which appeared on their album Forever: "Goodbye", "Tell Me Why" and "Let Love Lead the Way".[22] The group is among the best-selling girl groups of all time, selling over 75 million albums.[23][24]
1999–2005: Schizophonic, Scream If You Wanna Go Faster and Passion[edit]
In 1999, Halliwell launched her solo career and released her debut album Schizophonic, with the lead single "Look at Me", produced by Absolute and Phil Bucknall. "Look at Me" was followed by further number ones at the UK Singles Chart "Mi Chico Latino", "Lift Me Up", and "Bag It Up". The album itself reached a peak at number 4 United Kingdom, and sold 600,000 copies there, making it 2× Platinum.[25] Halliwell was nominated at BRIT Awards ceremony in 2000, for Best British Female Solo Artist and Best Pop Act, she also performed "Bag It Up" during the show, emerging between giant inflatable legs, ripping off her shirt and walking in stiletto heels over the backs of topless pink-haired men whilst performing the song. "Look at Me" was released to radio in the United States in late 1999, receiving limited airplay. With only a radio single, Schizophonic debuted at number forty-two on the Billboard 200 before dropping out within the next month. The album was eventually certified Gold, distributing over 500,000 copies.[26] "Mi Chico Latino" did not have a big impact on American radio, and no further singles from Schizophonic or albums were released in the United States.[citation needed] Schizophonic ended up selling around 2,300,000 copies worldwide, and remains Halliwell's biggest selling album to date.[27]
In 2001, Halliwell followed up with her second album, Scream If You Wanna Go Faster, the album peaked at number 5 in the United Kingdom, and sold 200,000 copies there and was certified Gold. It included her cover version of the Weather Girls' 1983 hit, "It's Raining Men", was also used on the Bridget Jones's Diary film soundtrack, and the video game, DDRMAX2 Dance Dance Revolution 7thMix. The song was released as the lead single from the album. "It's Raining Men" became a major hit worldwide, it peaked at number 1 in the United Kingdom and peaked in the top 10 in over 27 countries, becoming Halliwell's biggest hit to date. The song won her the International Song of the Year award at the 2002 NRJ Music Awards. The song originally been added to the album at the last minute, and another song, "Feels Like Sex", had already been slated as the lead single. The singles that followed, "Scream If You Wanna Go Faster" and "Calling", reached, respectively, number eight and number seven in the United Kingdom. Halliwell released a special French edition of "Calling", titled "Au Nom de L'amour". Scream If You Wanna Go Faster achieved lower success outside the United Kingdom than Schizophonic and was not released in the United States.[citation needed] In 2002, Halliwell was once again nominated at the BRIT Awards, this time for Best British Female Solo Artist and Best British Single for "It's Raining Men". "Scream If You Wanna Go Faster" has sold a little less than 1,300,000 copies worldwide.[27] In 2002, Halliwell was featured alongside Pete Waterman and Louis Walsh as a judge on the television series Popstars: The Rivals, which created Girls Aloud.[28]
In late 2004, Halliwell made a return to music with the single "Ride It", which reached number four in the United Kingdom and number one on the dance charts. However, several months elapsed before another single was released, during which time she was apparently instructed to record some new tracks for the as yet unreleased album by her record company, which was unhappy with the setlist.[29] Halliwell planned her first solo tour of the United Kingdom and Ireland, but due to lack of ticket sales, compounded by the label's pressure on Halliwell to record additional songs, led to the cancellation of the tour.[citation needed] Eventually, a new single, "Desire", was released on 30 May 2005, reaching number 22 in the UK Singles Chart and number one on the UK Dance Charts. Released shortly after, the source album, Passion, similarly received little attention from the public or critics, and stalled at number 41 in the British charts. Halliwell's recording contract with EMI was subsequently not renewed, and in subsequent interviews, Halliwell stated that she was not interested in recording another album at that time and was content with writing children's books and being a mother.
2007–present: Spice Girls reunion, Australia's Got Talent and fourth studio album[edit]



 Halliwell performing in 4 December 2007 on the Return of The Spice Girls Tour
In 2007, the Spice Girls re-grouped and announced planns for an reunion tour,[24] from which they were said to have earned £10 million each (approximately $20 million).[30] The team's members said that they were still enjoying doing their "own thing".[31] The group decided to release their first compilation album, a collection of their Greatest Hits. This album was released in early November 2007, and the tour began on 2 December 2007. During the reformation Film maker Bob Smeaton directed an official film of the tour, which he titled Spice Girls: Giving You Everything.[32] As well as their sell-out tour, the Spice Girls were contracted to appear in Tesco advertisements, for which they were paid £1 million each.[33] In March 2010 vocal coach and singer Carrie Grant announced on ITV1's The Alan Titchmarsh Show that Halliwell would be making a return to music. In April 2010, Halliwell posted a message on her website, saying she was back in the studio and referring to Lady Gaga as one of her influences.[34] In May 2011, reports suggested that Halliwell would be making a return to music.[35] On 31 July 2011, Halliwell confirmed she had been working on her fourth album, stating of it, "The album's pretty much finished."[6]
In February 2012, Halliwell announced that the fourth album was being mastered.[36] In August 2012, she reunited with the Spice Girls to perform at the closing ceremony of the Olympic Games in London. In 2010, Halliwell stood in for Dannii Minogue as a guest judge on The X Factor at the Glasgow auditions alongside Simon Cowell, Louis Walsh and Cheryl Cole,[37] and she returned again in 2012 as a guest judge at the Liverpool auditions alongside Walsh, Gary Barlow and Tulisa Contostavlos. In October 2012, Halliwell made her first solo performance in seven years at the Breast Cancer Care, debutting a new track, called "Phenomenal Woman".[38][39] In January 2013, Halliwell claimed that she had decided to shelve the album that was ready and continue writing and recording, moving in a different style direction. In April 2013, the Nine Network announced that she would become the fourth judge on Australia's Got Talent.[7]
On 5 September 2013, it was confirmed by Channel 9's NRL Footy Show (one of the longest running shows in Australia) that Halliwell would be performing a world exclusive of "Half of Me", her first solo single in nearly eight years, at its Grand Final Show. The performance took place on 3 October 2013, exactly one year after her last exhibition with new material at the Breast Cancer Care Show. On 12 September 2013, it was announced that the song "Half of Me" would be released exclusively in Australia, as part of a new deal with Sony Music Australia.[8] The single was released on 25 October 2013 and reached a dismal number 281 in the Australian charts.[40] Halliwell then took to her official blog to write about her[41] upsetting experience back in the music business and hinted of possibly retiring for good. On the grand final of Australia's Got Talent, she performed an acoustic version of the Spice Girls' hit single "Wannabe".[42]
In 2015, Geri Halliwell has revealed she is back in studio for working on a new material.[43]
Non-musical works[edit]
In 1999, she wrote an autobiography If Only, in which described her life as a Spice Girl.[28] In 1999 Halliwell became a representative for the United Nations Population Fund (UNFPA).[44] Halliwell appeared in a 90-minute documentary Geri for the British television channel Channel 4 by Molly Dineen.[45] In 2000 Halliwell appeared in the two part documentary series Geri's World Walkabout for the BBC, which followed her work with the UN and other travels. Halliwell picked up further UN work in 2006, by visiting Zambia from 14–16 November, to promote greater international awareness of the urgent need to reduce maternal death and halt the spread of HIV/AIDS.[citation needed] In the run-up to the 1997 UK General Election, Halliwell declared: "I saw a lot of what Mrs Thatcher did. She was definitely the original Spice Girl rising from the greengrocer's daughter to Prime Minister." She claimed that her background was deeply rooted in support for the Conservative Party and that Thatcher was the pioneer of 'Girl Power' and the spiritual sixth member of the Spice Girls. She claimed in 1996 that Tony Blair was "not a safe pair of hands for the economy".[46]



 Halliwell at a book signing in 2008
By the 2001 general election Halliwell had switched her support to Tony Blair and the Labour Party, making a cameo appearance in one of their party election broadcasts.[47] In 2002 she released her second autobiography, Just for the Record, detailing her rise to fame and her turbulent celebrity lifestyle.[28] She has also released two Yoga DVDs with her yoga teacher Katy Appleton, Geri Yoga and Geri Body Yoga.[48] In the United States, Halliwell appeared as a judge on the reality programme All American Girl and as a guest reporter on celebrity-based series Extra. She has also made appearances in the television series Sex and the City and in the 2004 film Fat Slags, based on characters from Viz Magazine.
In 2004, Halliwell appeared on Channel Five as one of the hosts of the Party in the Park event for the Prince's Trust, the presenter and main performer of the Tickled Pink Girls' night in Live! event and an appearance in a documentary There's Something About Geri.[28] On 12 April 2007, it was announced that Halliwell had signed a six-book deal with Macmillan Children's Books.[49] The books follow the adventures of nine-year-old Ugenia, a character based on Halliwell,[50] alongside her friends Bronte, Rudy and Trevor.[51] The character Princess Posh Vattoria, a caricature of Halliwell's bandmate Victoria Beckham, was featured in early drafts but has not appeared in the book series.[52] Other characters are said by Halliwell to be loosely based on Gordon Ramsay,[53] George Michael,[54] Marilyn Monroe,[55] Vincent van Gogh,[55] Wayne Rooney[56] and the character Justin Suarez from the TV series Ugly Betty.[56] According to the official site, the book sold more than 250,000 copies in its first 5 months making its author Halliwell 2008's most successful female celebrity children's author.[57]
Halliwell appeared in the film Crank: High Voltage alongside her friend, actor John Damon, and on the BBC 1's The One Show on 7 May 2009.[58]
Personal life[edit]
On 14 May 2006 Halliwell gave birth to her daughter, Bluebell, at London's Portland Hospital. The father is screenwriter Sacha Gervasi who she dated for six weeks in 2005. Victoria Beckham and Emma Bunton are godmothers.[59]
Halliwell began dating Christian Horner, the Team Principal of the Infiniti Red Bull Racing Formula One team in February 2014;[60] the couple announced their engagement in The Times in November 2014.[61] Their wedding took place on Friday 15 May 2015 at St Mary's Church in Woburn, Bedfordshire.[62]
Halliwell has spoken out about her experiences of bulimia saying that she came close to death,[63] weighing just 7 stone (44 kg), and was advised by Robbie Williams to seek medical help.[64] She has more recently talked about being comfortable with her body and credits her new found healthy relationship with food to motherhood.[65]
Discography[edit]
Main article: Geri Halliwell discography
Schizophonic (1999)
Scream If You Wanna Go Faster (2001)
Passion (2005)
Bibliography[edit]
1999 – If Only
2002 – Just for the Record
2008 – Ugenia Lavender
Filmography[edit]
Television

Year
Title
Role
Notes
1990 Dance Energy Herself Uncredited; Only as Dancer/Stagehand
1991 Let's Make a Deal Herself Uncredited; Only as Dancer/Stagehand
1999 100 Greatest Women of Rock & Roll Presenter TV show
Al Salir de Clase Herself "Duelo en las calles" (Episode 63; Season 3)
 "Rebelión en las aulas" (Episode 65; Season 3)
2002 Bo' Selecta! Various roles "Geri Halliwell" (Episode 4; Season 1)
Popstars: The Rivals Mentor/Herself/Judge Season 1
2003 All American Girl Mentor/Herself/Judge Season 1
Sex and the City Phoebe Herrison "Boy, Interrupted" (Episode 10; Season 6)
2004 Top Gear Herself "5.2" (Episode 2; Season 5)
2008 Friday Night Project Presenter/Sely/Lissandra Episode 5; Season 6
American Idol Mentor/Herself/Judge Episode 30; Season 7
2009 Head Case Susan Galler "Back in the Game" (Episode 5; Season 3)
2010 Come Fly With Me Herself "Pilot" (Episode 1; Season 1)
2010 The X Factor Herself/Judge Season 7 (Glasgow auditions judge)
2012 The Spice Girls Story: Viva Forever Herself Documentary about the Spice Girls
2012 The X Factor Herself/Judge Season 9 (Liverpool auditions judge)
2013 Australia's Got Talent Herself/Judge Series 7
Films

Year
Title
Role
Notes
1995 Foggy Notion Sami Main role
1997 Spiceworld Ginger Spice 
1999 Geri – A Film by Molly Dineen Herself TV film; Documentary
2000 Geri's World Walkabouts Herself TV film; Documentary
Therapy Amy Sulivan Unreleased[66]
2004 Fat Slags: The Film Paige Stonach Voice; Animation film
2005 There's Something About Geri Herself TV film; Documentary
2007 Giving You Everything Herself TV film; Documentary
2009 Crank 2: High Voltage Karen Chelios 
Ant & Dec's Christmas Show Geri Doll TV film
2012 Viva Forever (The Spice Girls Story) Herself TV movie; Documentary
Awards and nominations[edit]

Year
Award
Category
For
Result
Notes

1999 Blockbuster Entertainment Award Favourite Actress – Comedy Spiceworld Nominated Shared with the Spice Girls
MTV Europe Music Awards Best Female  Nominated 
2000 Brit Awards Best British Female Solo Artist  Nominated 
Best Pop Act  Nominated 
Capital FM Awards Best British Female Singer  Won 
2001 Comet Awards Best International Female Singer  Won 
2002 Brit Awards Best British Female Solo Artist  Nominated 
Best British Single "It's Raining Men" Nominated 
NRJ Music Awards International Song of the Year "It's Raining Men" Won 
International Female Artist of the Year  Nominated 
2008  Bestselling female celebrity children's author of 2008. Ugenia Lavender Won 

References[edit]
1.Jump up ^ "Monitor". Entertainment Weekly (1219) (Time Inc.). 10 August 2012. p. 27.
2.Jump up ^ "Geri Halliwell Biography – Facts, Birthday, Life Story". Biography.com. Retrieved 1 April 2014.
3.Jump up ^ "Birth register page with Halliwell's entry".
4.Jump up ^ https://twitter.com/gerihalliwell
5.Jump up ^ "Ginger Spice's Departure Marks "End of the Beginning"" (DOC). Rolling Stone. Retrieved 26 May 2012.
6.^ Jump up to: a b "Geri Halliwell: 'My new album is ready'". Digital Spy. 31 July 2011. Retrieved 10 December 2012.
7.^ Jump up to: a b "Geri Halliwell". Agt.ninemsn.com.au. 5 August 2013. Retrieved 1 April 2014.
8.^ Jump up to: a b Brandle, Lisa (12 September 2013). "Geri Halliwell Readies New Music, Signs to Sony Music Australia". Billboard. Billboard.com. Retrieved 12 September 2013.
9.Jump up ^ "Deaths England and Wales 1984–2006". Findmypast.co.uk. Retrieved 8 August 2009.
10.^ Jump up to: a b c d Geri Halliwell, If Only
11.Jump up ^ Education (6 September 2008). "Town vs gown: north London". Telegraph. Retrieved 1 April 2014.
12.Jump up ^ Playboy (May 1998). 1998. Missing or empty |title= (help)
13.Jump up ^ Penthouse (June 1998). 1998. Missing or empty |title= (help)
14.Jump up ^ Spice Girls Official. Timeline. Retrieved 16 March 2009.
15.Jump up ^ Sinclair, p. 33.
16.Jump up ^ McGibbon, 1997. pp. 124–125.
17.Jump up ^ "Spice Girls, PMS on the Money". MTV Networks. 1 October 1997. Retrieved 21 March 2010.
18.Jump up ^ Barbara, Ellen (2 November 2003). "Watch this Spice". The Guardian (London). Retrieved 20 December 2007.
19.Jump up ^ Chart performances for the singles released by the Spice Girls. Retrieved from http://foreverspice.com/spicediscography/spicegirls.htm/.
20.Jump up ^ On This Day (30 May 1998): "Ginger leaves the Spice Girls". BBC News.
21.Jump up ^ "Spice Girls will do U.S. tour, with or without Ginger". London (AP). Saturday, 30 May 1998. Aallpop.canoe.ca.
22.Jump up ^ "Spice Girls dismiss comeback plan". Tuesday, 18 February 2003. BBC News. Halliwell left at the peak of the Spice Girls' success, and in 2007 the five girls reunited to embark on a final world tour and released another hit, "Headlines", a song about the girls' friendship and their relationships with each other.
23.Jump up ^ Hoyle, Ben (22 January 2010). "Viva Forever: Mamma Mia creator creates Spice Girls musical". The Times. Retrieved 8 May 2010.
24.^ Jump up to: a b "Spice Girls announce reunion tour". BBC News. 13 July 2007. Retrieved 14 July 2007.
25.Jump up ^ "BPI Certified Awards". British Phonographic Industry. Retrieved 10 February 2011.
26.Jump up ^ "RIAA Certification for "Schizophonic"". Riaa.com. Retrieved 8 August 2009.
27.^ Jump up to: a b "Geri Halliwell Sales around the world". chartsinfrance.net. Retrieved 11 February 2013.
28.^ Jump up to: a b c d "Geri Halliwell – Biography". Internet Movie Database. Retrieved 1 April 2014.
29.Jump up ^ "Interessante Informationen über die Musikgeschichte auf www.spicediscography.co.uk". Spicediscography.co.uk. Retrieved 1 April 2014.
30.Jump up ^ Nikkhah, Roya (16 December 2007). "A decade on, Spice Girls rock in London gig". The Daily Telegraph. Retrieved 20 December 2007.
31.Jump up ^ "Victoria Beckham Confident in Spice Girls' Reunion". Softpedia. Retrieved 5 August 2005.
32.Jump up ^ "New Spice Girls documentary on BBC One on 31 December". BBC Press Office. 19 October 2007. Retrieved 4 December 2007.
33.Jump up ^ Levy, Megan. Levy, Megan (12 November 2007). "Spice Girls front Tesco advertising campaign". The Daily Telegraph (London). Retrieved 20 December 2007.
34.Jump up ^ Moodie, Clemmie and Lawler, Danielle (3 April 2010). "Geri Halliwell is back in the studio and wants to get back on the road". Daily Mirror (Trinity Mirror). Retrieved 18 April 2010.
35.Jump up ^ "Geri Halliwell plans chart comeback!". Heatworld. 20 May 2011. Retrieved 10 December 2012.
36.Jump up ^ "Geri Halliwell: 'My new album will be released very soon'". Digital Spy. 3 February 2012. Retrieved 10 December 2012.
37.Jump up ^ "Halliwell joins X Factor judging panel". www.rte.ie. 10 June 2010. Retrieved 22 November 2010.
38.Jump up ^ "Geri Halliwell Planning Solo Comeback". 4Music. 8 September 2012. Retrieved 10 December 2012.
39.Jump up ^ "Geri Halliwell debuts new single 'Phenomenal Woman' – video". Digital Spy. 4 October 2012. Retrieved 10 December 2012.
40.Jump up ^ Moodie, Clemmie (5 November 2013). "Geri Halliwell embarrassed as new single flops with less than 400 sales in Australia – Mirror Online". Mirror.co.uk. Retrieved 1 April 2014.
41.Jump up ^ "Geri Halliwell Blog". Blog.gerihalliwell.com. Retrieved 1 April 2014.
42.Jump up ^ "Geri Halliwell – Wannabe – Live on Australia's Got Talent 2013 [HD". YouTube. 10 November 2013. Retrieved 1 April 2014.
43.Jump up ^ Geri Halliwell is back in studio on contactmusic.com
44.Jump up ^ "Geri starts UN work". BBC News. 11 June 1999. Retrieved 25 September 2014.
45.Jump up ^ Geri (Documentary by Molly Dineen) at the Internet Movie Database
46.Jump up ^ "Campaigning with the stars". BBC News. 14 May 2001. Retrieved 18 April 2010.
47.Jump up ^ "Tories dismiss Geri's Labour role". BBC News. 14 May 2001.
48.Jump up ^ "iVillage.com: A daily destination for everything that matters to women". iVillage. Retrieved 1 April 2014.
49.Jump up ^ "Halliwell launches writing career" Retrieved 12 April 2007, BBC News
50.Jump up ^ "New chapter for author Geri as she presents her 'inner brat' Ugenia". Hello Magazine. 28 April 2008. Retrieved 29 April 2008.
51.Jump up ^ "The first of six children's books by Geri Halliwell" (DOC). Pan Macmillan press release. Retrieved 29 April 2008.
52.Jump up ^ "Geri Halliwell writes kids' books". BBC Radio 1. 2008-04-30. Retrieved 3 May 2008.
53.Jump up ^ "Halliwell launches writing career". BBC News. 12 April 2007. Retrieved 29 April 2008.
54.Jump up ^ "Geri: Books first step to girl power". This Is Nottingham. 29 April 2008. Retrieved 29 April 2008.
55.^ Jump up to: a b Ellen, Barbara (15 April 2007). "Geri blossoms". The Observer (London). Retrieved 29 April 2008.
56.^ Jump up to: a b Didcock, Barry (5 May 2008). "Geri Halliwell". Sunday Herald. Retrieved 5 May 2008.
57.Jump up ^ "She's Ingenious". Ugenia Lavender. Retrieved 1 April 2014.
58.Jump up ^ The One Show Team (7 May 2009). "What did you think of the One?". BBC News. Retrieved 8 August 2009.
59.Jump up ^ "Famous godparents – Bluebell Halliwell and Victoria Beckham – Supanet Gallery". Supanet.com. Retrieved 25 December 2012.
60.Jump up ^ http://www.dailymail.co.uk/tvshowbiz/article-2592182/Geri-Halliwell-dating-Formula-1-team-boss-Christian-Horner-split-girlfriend-14-years.html
61.Jump up ^ "Geri Halliwell engaged to Formula One team boss Christian Horner". The Telegraph. 11 November 2014.
62.Jump up ^ Rebecca Pockington, Geri Halliwell wedding: Live updates as the Spice Girl marries F1 boss Christian Horner, The Daily Mirror, 15 May 2015
63.Jump up ^ "Geri Halliwell: Bulimia almost killed me". Ok Magazine. Retrieved 11 April 2015.
64.Jump up ^ "Geri Halliwell: Robbie Williams saved me from dying from bulimia". Daily Mail. Retrieved 11 April 2015.
65.Jump up ^ "Geri Halliwell: Bulimia will always be with me". Mirror. Retrieved 11 April 2015.
66.Jump up ^ "Geri Halliwell's 'Therapy' Cancelled". Pop Dirt. Retrieved 13 May 2010.
External links[edit]
 Wikimedia Commons has media related to Geri Halliwell.
Official website
Geri Halliwell at the Internet Movie Database


Authority control
WorldCat ·
 VIAF: 84962382 ·
 LCCN: n97880153 ·
 ISNI: 0000 0000 7841 1986 ·
 GND: 121953882 ·
 BNF: cb140224372 (data) ·
 MusicBrainz: 23207c32-6743-4982-9f46-e297b2e4eb14
 



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Home » Publications » U.S. newspapers and newswires » Illinois newspapers » Chicago Sun-Times » Apr - Jun 1988 » May 2, 1988 »
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La Toya Jackson, 31, sister of superstar Michael Jackson, has left the family compound in Encino, Calif., and is looking for her own digs in New York City.
Meanwhile, she's staying in a $1,100-a-day suite in the Waldorf-Astoria, People magazine reported.
In addition to her search for new digs, she also has forsaken her father, Joe, for a new manager. …



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Home » Publications » U.S. newspapers and newswires » Illinois newspapers » Chicago Sun-Times » Apr - Jun 1988 » May 2, 1988 »
Recently viewed: Article: La Toya off on her own



Save














Export












Print

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La Toya off on her own
Chicago Sun-Times

Chicago Sun-Times








May 2, 1988 | Copyright
.



 
   Permalink 













La Toya Jackson, 31, sister of superstar Michael Jackson, has left the family compound in Encino, Calif., and is looking for her own digs in New York City.
Meanwhile, she's staying in a $1,100-a-day suite in the Waldorf-Astoria, People magazine reported.
In addition to her search for new digs, she also has forsaken her father, Joe, for a new manager. …



To read the full text of this article and others like it, subscribe today!



Related articles
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Jet
 La Toya leaves Vegas show over a contract dispute. (La Toya Jackson)
Jet; January 11, 1993




.
AIDS Weekly
Ja-Tail/Bungalo/Universal Releases La Toya Jackson Single Home on iTunes Today With Proceeds Going to AIDS Project LA.
AIDS Weekly; August 10, 2009




.
Hindustan Times (New Delhi, India)
La Toya Jackson's music career to benefit from MJ's death?
Hindustan Times (New Delhi, India); July 24, 2009




.
The Charleston Gazette (Charleston, WV)
La Toya Jackson to Get Reality Show on OWN
The Charleston Gazette (Charleston, WV); August 3, 2012




.
AP Online
La Toya Jackson to get a reality show on OWN
AP Online; August 2, 2012




.
See all related articles »





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.
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.
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.
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La Toya: Growing Up in the Jackson Family

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
  (Redirected from La Toya: Growing up in the Jackson Family)
Jump to: navigation, search

La Toya: Growing up in the Jackson Family
Latoyajacksonautobiography.jpg
Author
La Toya Jackson with Patricia Romanowski
Country
United States
Language
English
Genre
Autobiography
Publisher
Dutton

Publication date
 February 7, 1991
Media type
Hardcover
Pages
261
ISBN
0-451-17415-1
OCLC
26625891
La Toya: Growing up in the Jackson Family is an autobiography written by American singer La Toya Jackson, and co-authored by celebrity biography author Patricia Romanowski. The book was originally released in 1991, around the same time as Jackson's seventh studio album No Relations.
In this autobiography, Jackson accuses her father, Joseph, of child abuse, and goes into detail on the personal lives of her superstar siblings Michael and Janet as well as Jermaine, Randy, Tito, and Rebbie Jackson's struggle under the spotlight. The Jackson family denied all of her allegations.
At the time the book was written, Jackson was married to her reportedly abusive manager Jack Gordon, who she now accuses of inserting his own stories into her autobiography to embarrass her family and make her appear to be a "drama queen".[1]
Jackson reunited with her family in the late 1990s after leaving Gordon. On her interview with Larry King in 2003 she said that she respectfully accepted her father's apologies for the way he treated her and her siblings as children.[1] The autobiography was re-issued under various titles throughout the 1990s. The original hardcover edition spent several weeks atop the New York Times Bestseller List.[2]
In the weeks leading up to the release of the book, Gordon ordered that the transcript be kept in a high-security vault out of fear that the Jackson family would attempt to sabotage the project.
References[edit]
1.^ Jump up to: a b Review of Growing Up In The Jackson Family at togermano.com
2.Jump up ^ Biography of La Toya Jackson at togermano.com


[hide]
v ·
 t ·
 e
 
La Toya Jackson


Albums
La Toya Jackson ·
 My Special Love ·
 Heart Don't Lie ·
 Imagination ·
 La Toya ·
 Bad Girl ·
 No Relations ·
 Formidable ·
 From Nashville to You ·
 Stop in the Name of Love
 

Extended Plays
Starting Over
 

Bibliography
La Toya: Growing Up in the Jackson Family ·
 Starting Over
 

Singles
"If You Feel The Funk" ·
 "Night Time Lover" ·
 "Stay the Night" ·
 "I Don't Want You to Go" ·
 "Bet'cha Gonna Need My Lovin'" ·
 "Heart Don't Lie" ·
 "Hot Potato" ·
 "Private Joy" ·
 "Baby Sister" ·
 "He's a Pretender" ·
 "Imagination" ·
 "Oops, Oh No!" with Cerrone ·
 "Yes, I'm Ready" ·
 "(Ain't Nobody Loves You) Like I Do" ·
 "(Tell Me) She Means Nothing To You At All" ·
 "You're Gonna Get Rocked" ·
 "Such a Wicked Love" ·
 "You Blew" ·
 "Bad Girl" ·
 "You and Me" ·
 "Sexual Feeling" ·
 "Why Don't You Want My Love?" ·
 "Oops, Oh No! (Remix)" ·
 "Sexbox" ·
 "Let's Rock the House" ·
 "I Can't Help Myself" ·
 "Don't Break My Heart" with Tom Beser ·
 "Just Wanna Dance" ·
 "Free the World" ·
 "Home" ·
 "Feels Like Love"
 

Promotional singles
"I Don't Play That"
 

Notable collaborations
"We Are the World" ·
 "Stop the Madness"
 

Television
The Jacksons ·
 Armed & Famous ·
 Celebrity Big Brother 2009 ·
 The Celebrity Apprentice 4 ·
 The Celebrity Apprentice 6 ·
 Life With La Toya
 

Related articles
Discography ·
 The Jackson family ·
 Jack Gordon ·
 Gordon v. Gordon ·
 Playboy Celebrity Centerfold
 

  


Categories: African-American autobiographies
La Toya Jackson
1991 books
Dutton Penguin books




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La Toya: Growing Up in the Jackson Family

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
  (Redirected from La Toya: Growing up in the Jackson Family)
Jump to: navigation, search

La Toya: Growing up in the Jackson Family
Latoyajacksonautobiography.jpg
Author
La Toya Jackson with Patricia Romanowski
Country
United States
Language
English
Genre
Autobiography
Publisher
Dutton

Publication date
 February 7, 1991
Media type
Hardcover
Pages
261
ISBN
0-451-17415-1
OCLC
26625891
La Toya: Growing up in the Jackson Family is an autobiography written by American singer La Toya Jackson, and co-authored by celebrity biography author Patricia Romanowski. The book was originally released in 1991, around the same time as Jackson's seventh studio album No Relations.
In this autobiography, Jackson accuses her father, Joseph, of child abuse, and goes into detail on the personal lives of her superstar siblings Michael and Janet as well as Jermaine, Randy, Tito, and Rebbie Jackson's struggle under the spotlight. The Jackson family denied all of her allegations.
At the time the book was written, Jackson was married to her reportedly abusive manager Jack Gordon, who she now accuses of inserting his own stories into her autobiography to embarrass her family and make her appear to be a "drama queen".[1]
Jackson reunited with her family in the late 1990s after leaving Gordon. On her interview with Larry King in 2003 she said that she respectfully accepted her father's apologies for the way he treated her and her siblings as children.[1] The autobiography was re-issued under various titles throughout the 1990s. The original hardcover edition spent several weeks atop the New York Times Bestseller List.[2]
In the weeks leading up to the release of the book, Gordon ordered that the transcript be kept in a high-security vault out of fear that the Jackson family would attempt to sabotage the project.
References[edit]
1.^ Jump up to: a b Review of Growing Up In The Jackson Family at togermano.com
2.Jump up ^ Biography of La Toya Jackson at togermano.com


[hide]
v ·
 t ·
 e
 
La Toya Jackson


Albums
La Toya Jackson ·
 My Special Love ·
 Heart Don't Lie ·
 Imagination ·
 La Toya ·
 Bad Girl ·
 No Relations ·
 Formidable ·
 From Nashville to You ·
 Stop in the Name of Love
 

Extended Plays
Starting Over
 

Bibliography
La Toya: Growing Up in the Jackson Family ·
 Starting Over
 

Singles
"If You Feel The Funk" ·
 "Night Time Lover" ·
 "Stay the Night" ·
 "I Don't Want You to Go" ·
 "Bet'cha Gonna Need My Lovin'" ·
 "Heart Don't Lie" ·
 "Hot Potato" ·
 "Private Joy" ·
 "Baby Sister" ·
 "He's a Pretender" ·
 "Imagination" ·
 "Oops, Oh No!" with Cerrone ·
 "Yes, I'm Ready" ·
 "(Ain't Nobody Loves You) Like I Do" ·
 "(Tell Me) She Means Nothing To You At All" ·
 "You're Gonna Get Rocked" ·
 "Such a Wicked Love" ·
 "You Blew" ·
 "Bad Girl" ·
 "You and Me" ·
 "Sexual Feeling" ·
 "Why Don't You Want My Love?" ·
 "Oops, Oh No! (Remix)" ·
 "Sexbox" ·
 "Let's Rock the House" ·
 "I Can't Help Myself" ·
 "Don't Break My Heart" with Tom Beser ·
 "Just Wanna Dance" ·
 "Free the World" ·
 "Home" ·
 "Feels Like Love"
 

Promotional singles
"I Don't Play That"
 

Notable collaborations
"We Are the World" ·
 "Stop the Madness"
 

Television
The Jacksons ·
 Armed & Famous ·
 Celebrity Big Brother 2009 ·
 The Celebrity Apprentice 4 ·
 The Celebrity Apprentice 6 ·
 Life With La Toya
 

Related articles
Discography ·
 The Jackson family ·
 Jack Gordon ·
 Gordon v. Gordon ·
 Playboy Celebrity Centerfold
 

  


Categories: African-American autobiographies
La Toya Jackson
1991 books
Dutton Penguin books




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Read

Edit

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This page was last modified on 27 October 2014, at 08:01.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License; additional terms may apply. By using this site, you agree to the Terms of Use and Privacy Policy. Wikipedia® is a registered trademark of the Wikimedia Foundation, Inc., a non-profit organization.
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Powered by MediaWiki
 

 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/La_Toya:_Growing_Up_in_the_Jackson_Family









Jack Gordon (entertainment manager)

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Jump to: navigation, search

For other people named Jack Gordon, see Jack Gordon (disambiguation).
Jack Leon Gordon (November 10, 1939 – April 19, 2005) was the former manager and husband of singer La Toya Jackson.


Contents  [hide]
1 Life and career 1.1 Early life and criminal allegations
1.2 Bribe offer to Gaming Commission chairman Harry Reid
1.3 Management and marriage to La Toya Jackson 1.3.1 Accusations about the Jackson family
1.4 Mafia associations
1.5 Other entertainment clients
1.6 Death
2 Notes

Life and career[edit]
Early life and criminal allegations[edit]
Jack Leon Gordon was born in Springfield, Illinois, to Abraham Gordon a Jewish Russian immigrant and Faye Stein an Illinois native of Jewish heritage. While some sources cite Gordon's birthplace as Springfield, Illinois, he claimed Las Vegas as his birthplace in 1983 when he changed his name in 1981 to Samuel Isaac Gordon. However, in 1983, when he again changed his name, this time to Clifford William Johnson, he said he was born in Springfield.[1] In the 1970s, Gordon ran arcades at Circus Circus in Las Vegas.[2] He later bought controlling interest in a Los Angeles massage parlor called Circus Maximus in West Hollywood. Gordon subsequently bought two additional massage parlors, one in Signal Hill and the other in Costa Mesa, California.[3] In 1984 a conviction for pandering in Los Angeles resulted in three months probation.[1]
Bribe offer to Gaming Commission chairman Harry Reid[edit]
In 1978, Jack Gordon offered $12,000 to then-chairman of the Nevada Gaming Commission Harry Reid to approve two new, carnival-like gaming devices (Flip-A-Winna and Penny Falls) for casino use. Gordon believed the games would bring him more than $100 million in profits. Reid notified the FBI and allowed agents to videotape a meeting with Gordon in his office. At the point where Reid asked, “Is this the money?” FBI agents burst in to arrest Gordon. Reid, a former boxer, exclaimed “You son of a bitch, you tried to bribe me!” and attempted to strangle Gordon, before startled agents pulled him off.[4] Gordon was convicted in federal court in 1979 and sentenced to six months in prison.[3] In 1981, Reid's wife found a bomb attached to one of their cars, a bomb Reid suspects was placed by Gordon.[5]
Management and marriage to La Toya Jackson[edit]
In the mid-1980s, Gordon began to manage La Toya Jackson alongside her father, Joseph. In the late 1980s, he took over her management completely. He married her in Reno, Nevada on September 5, 1989, claiming that it was for her own protection against kidnapping by the Jackson family. La Toya Jackson states that this was both unplanned and against her wishes. According to Jackson; "I told him, 'No way, Jack! I can't marry you. You know what marriage means to me. I've never been in love; I don't even date.... It's not right. I don't love you. I don't have feelings for you.'" [6] Jackson claims to have tried to run out of the chapel three times but bodyguard Antonio Rossi grabbed her saying, "There's some things you have to do. Even if you don't want to." [7][8] Jackson told Ebony magazine the marriage was "strictly in name only. It has never been consummated." [6] Six months into the marriage, Jackson asked Gordon for an annulment in Italy. In response, she claims that Gordon repeatedly bashed her head against the side of a table, saying that he would never let her go. Paparazzi subsequently photographed Jackson with black eyes, which Gordon claimed was caused by intruders.[7][9][10] From this point forward, Jackson lost all contact with her family and wrote her autobiography, La Toya: Growing up in the Jackson Family, which accused her father of child abuse.[11]
Gordon sometimes hired bodyguards to watch La Toya and she claims that he would never allow her to speak to or see her family. La Toya's father Joseph stated in his book The Jacksons that he believed Gordon brainwashed her and made her fearful of her own family.[12] Jackson's mother Katherine also believed that La Toya had been brainwashed while Gordon claimed that Katherine had tried to kill La Toya.[13] Sister Janet concurred with her parents saying at the time, "I think this guy who is with her has brainwashed her and made her like this... He keeps her away from the family, and now he's brainwashed her so much she keeps herself away from us." [14]
In 1993, in their New York home, Gordon allegedly beat La Toya repeatedly with a heavy brass dining room chair, leaving Jackson with contusions on her face, arms, legs and back in addition to a black eye, lip and chin swollen to "the size of a clenched fist," requiring 12 stitches in her mouth. Jackson told reporters, "he kicked me in the mouth (and) the boot went right up under my lip . . . all the way through the skin and burst my lip." Jackson supposedly lost consciousness during the beating, leading Gordon to believe she was dead. She recalled, "He called his friends and said, 'She's dead. I killed her,' because I was lying in a puddle of blood and I was out."[15] Gordon was arrested but then released, claiming self-defense after La Toya "came at" him with a knife. He then declared to the press he that was undergoing radiation treatments for cancer.[16][17][18]
In December 1993, Gordon hastily arranged a press conference in Tel Aviv, where he had Jackson read a statement that she believed sex abuse allegations against her younger brother Michael.[19] She stated, "I cannot and will not be a silent collaborator in his crimes against young children... Forget about the superstar, forget about the icon. If he was any other 35-year-old man who was sleeping with little boys, you wouldn't like this guy". Gordon claimed La Toya had proof which she was prepared to disclose for a fee of $500,000. A bidding war between US and UK tabloids began, but fell through when they realized that her revelations were not what she had claimed them to be.[20] According to La Toya, Gordon threatened to have siblings Michael and Janet killed if she didn't follow his orders.[15]
Under Gordon's management, Jackson's career declined, as he booked her disreputable jobs such as spokesperson for the Psychic Friends Network. Due to Gordon's steady stream of publicity stunts Jackson had become a hate figure of sorts. In 1996, Gordon attempted to force Jackson to dance at a Cleveland, Ohio strip club. She refused to do so and in return, was booed and heckled by the predominantly male crowd.[21] When Jackson became aware that Gordon was planning to feature her in a pornographic film, she decided she'd had enough. Jackson phoned brother Randy, who flew to New York to help her escape while Gordon was out.[22][23] Days later, La Toya filed for divorce.[24]
Accusations about the Jackson family[edit]
While La Toya was in seclusion for four years, Gordon continued to make accusations about the Jackson family; he claimed that La Toya's younger brother Michael had performed monkey sacrifice rituals, abused Bubbles the chimpanzee, and even accused him of forcing Lisa Marie Presley to marry him. In 2002, Gordon did interviews advertising his tell-all book of the Jackson family entitled The Jackson Family: The True Story Of The Most Powerful Family In The Music Industry. The entire family — including his former wife — stated that his allegations were "pure fantasy." [25]
Mafia associations[edit]
FBI wiretaps in 1994, linked Gordon to Genovese crime family member James "Little Jimmy" Ida. Gordon was taped arranging for mobsters to shadow Jackson on a trip to Russia. Gordon paid the group $1,500 a month for at least two years to protect Jackson from "shakedowns" by rival mobsters. Gordon also employed the services of organized crime defense attorney and former Las Vegas mayor Oscar Goodman.[26][27]
Other entertainment clients[edit]
Jack Gordon had few other entertainment clients apart from La Toya Jackson. Before Gordon became La Toya's co-manager with her father in the late 1980s (and eventually manager) it was widely known he had a disreputable past including trouble with the law. Joseph Jackson was always fearful of Gordon as he believed Gordon was probably armed.[12] Gordon's clients included John Wayne Bobbitt, Divine Brown, Gloria Gaynor, Shannen Doherty, and Sharon Stone.[28][29]
In 1999, Gordon claimed that Paula Jones, a pivotal figure in the impeachment trial of Bill Clinton, had confided in him that Clinton had not sexually harassed her as she originally claimed. Gordon arranged Jones' nude spread in Penthouse, and claimed he helped her launch a psychic hotline. However, in a March, 1999 CNN Politics website article, Susan Carpenter McMillan, a confidante and former adviser to Jones, issued a statement from Jones that she had not, nor would she ever do anything with a psychic hotline.;[30] McMillan also has stated that Gordon was "obsessed" with the former Arkansas state employee, phoning her up to 15 times a day.[31]
Death[edit]
Gordon died at Mayo Hospital in Scottsdale, Arizona after battling cancer for several months.[32] He was survived by his brother Terry Gordon, his daughter Francesca Malkin, and his son Aaron Gordon.[33]
Notes[edit]
1.^ Jump up to: a b Lavin, Cheryl (1991-08-11). "Brawl In The Family: La Toya Jackson's Book Heats Up The Tug Of War Between Her Family And Her Manager". Tribune Corporation. Retrieved 2015-04-29.
2.Jump up ^ "News - JOHN L. SMITH: Here's to Willie Cohen, a colorful character of Las Vegas Past, dead at 98". reviewjournal.com. 2006-07-07. Retrieved 2010-06-24.
3.^ Jump up to: a b "Harry Reid is up for re-election next yearWill he make it? - Senator Harry Reid of Nevada". Zimbio. Retrieved 2010-06-24.
4.Jump up ^ Walsh, Elsa (2009-01-07). "Annals of Politics: Minority Retort". The New Yorker. Retrieved 2010-06-24.
5.Jump up ^ Walsh, Elsa (August 8, 2005). "Minority Retort: How a pro-gun, anti-abortion Nevadan leads the Senate's Democrats". The New Yorker. Retrieved 2008-03-17.
6.^ Jump up to: a b Randolph, Laura B. (1992). "LaToya Jackson on: fame, family and her future in Paris - Interview - Cover Story - page 2 | Ebony". Findarticles.com. Retrieved 2010-06-24.
7.^ Jump up to: a b Lloyd, Jimmy (2009-01-06). "La Toya's forced wedding hell | The Sun |Showbiz|Big Brother". London: The Sun. Retrieved 2010-06-24.
8.Jump up ^ "Wedding Bells Were A Hoax, La Toya Says | Deseret News". Archive.deseretnews.com. 1989-09-08. Retrieved 2010-06-24.
9.Jump up ^ Lloyd, Jimmy (2009-01-04). "La Toya Jackson tells on Celebrity Big Brother how she was violently abused by her ex-husband | Domestic abuse | The Sun |Showbiz|Big Brother". London: The Sun. Retrieved 2010-06-24.
10.Jump up ^ "LA Times: 'LaToya Jackson Beaten in Rome', June 15, 1990". Articles.latimes.com. 1990-06-15. Retrieved 2010-06-24.
11.Jump up ^ Jackson, La Toya; Patricia Romanowski (1991). La Toya: Growing up in the Jackson Family. New American Library. p. 261. ISBN 0-451-17415-1.
12.^ Jump up to: a b http://www.togermano.com/other/latoya/book2.htm
13.Jump up ^ Lavin, Cheryl (1991-08-11). "Archives: Chicago Tribune". Pqasb.pqarchiver.com. Retrieved 2010-06-24.
14.Jump up ^ Norment, Lynn (1993). "Grown-up Janet Jackson talks about racism, sensuality and the Jackson family - Cover Story | Ebony | Find Articles at BNET". Findarticles.com. Retrieved 2010-06-24.
15.^ Jump up to: a b 'La Toya Jacksons Ex Threatened To Kill Michael and Janet', femalefirst.co.uk, 25-01-2005
16.Jump up ^ "Danger Zone". People.com. 1993-05-03. Retrieved 2010-06-24.
17.Jump up ^ https://www.nydailynews.com/archives/entertainment/1996/01/10/1996-01-10_more_la_toya_stories_the_gra.html
18.Jump up ^ "The Whole Scoop and Nothing but the Scoop". Newsbank. 1993-04-24.
19.Jump up ^ "La Toya: Charges Are True; Family Says Jackson Never Molested Kids". The Washington Post. Highbeam.com. 1993-12-09. Retrieved 2010-06-24.
20.Jump up ^ Taraborrelli, p. 534-540
21.Jump up ^ Morrison, Jane Ann: "Gordon's family leaves the skeletons in his closet and out of his obit.", Las Vegas Review-Journal, April 28, 2005.
22.Jump up ^ “”. "La Toya on escaping Jack Gordon". YouTube. Retrieved 2010-06-24.
23.Jump up ^ "LaToya Jackson Defends Michael". 1. LaToya Jackson Defends Michael. January 20, 2005. ABC News.
24.Jump up ^ http://www.togermano.com/other/latoya/biog.htm
25.Jump up ^ "Jacko Is Very Wacko If Jack Gordon Is To Be Believed". popdirt.com. 2002-10-09. Retrieved 2010-06-24.
26.Jump up ^ "Archive". The Smoking Gun. Retrieved 2010-06-24.
27.Jump up ^ Capeci, Jerry (1996-08-01). "La Toya Hubby Pay-Offs Cited". New York: Nydailynews.com. Retrieved 2010-06-24.
28.Jump up ^ Gordon vs. Gordon, Page 01875 Family Division Book 19990201, Page 5, Paragraph 7 (District Court of Clark County, Nevada March 3, 1998).
29.Jump up ^ http://bkc.mikovice.com/rr/huckster_1_text.pdf
30.Jump up ^ "Paula Jonees She and her husband living apart but claims marriage not in jeopard". New York: CNN Politics. 1999-03-17. Retrieved 2013-02-05.
31.Jump up ^ Rush, George (1999-06-03). "Paula Lied About Bill: Promoter". New York: Nydailynews.com. Retrieved 2010-06-24.
32.Jump up ^ "News: JANE ANN MORRISON: Gordon's family leaves the ske". reviewjournal.com. 2005-04-28. Retrieved 2010-06-24.[dead link]
33.Jump up ^ http://www.lasvegassun.com/news/2005/apr/20/gordon-latoyas-ex-husband-bobbitts-manager-dies-at/ Wednesday, April 20, 2005 | 8:53 a.m.


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 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jack_Gordon_(entertainment_manager)








Jack Gordon (entertainment manager)

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Jump to: navigation, search

For other people named Jack Gordon, see Jack Gordon (disambiguation).
Jack Leon Gordon (November 10, 1939 – April 19, 2005) was the former manager and husband of singer La Toya Jackson.


Contents  [hide]
1 Life and career 1.1 Early life and criminal allegations
1.2 Bribe offer to Gaming Commission chairman Harry Reid
1.3 Management and marriage to La Toya Jackson 1.3.1 Accusations about the Jackson family
1.4 Mafia associations
1.5 Other entertainment clients
1.6 Death
2 Notes

Life and career[edit]
Early life and criminal allegations[edit]
Jack Leon Gordon was born in Springfield, Illinois, to Abraham Gordon a Jewish Russian immigrant and Faye Stein an Illinois native of Jewish heritage. While some sources cite Gordon's birthplace as Springfield, Illinois, he claimed Las Vegas as his birthplace in 1983 when he changed his name in 1981 to Samuel Isaac Gordon. However, in 1983, when he again changed his name, this time to Clifford William Johnson, he said he was born in Springfield.[1] In the 1970s, Gordon ran arcades at Circus Circus in Las Vegas.[2] He later bought controlling interest in a Los Angeles massage parlor called Circus Maximus in West Hollywood. Gordon subsequently bought two additional massage parlors, one in Signal Hill and the other in Costa Mesa, California.[3] In 1984 a conviction for pandering in Los Angeles resulted in three months probation.[1]
Bribe offer to Gaming Commission chairman Harry Reid[edit]
In 1978, Jack Gordon offered $12,000 to then-chairman of the Nevada Gaming Commission Harry Reid to approve two new, carnival-like gaming devices (Flip-A-Winna and Penny Falls) for casino use. Gordon believed the games would bring him more than $100 million in profits. Reid notified the FBI and allowed agents to videotape a meeting with Gordon in his office. At the point where Reid asked, “Is this the money?” FBI agents burst in to arrest Gordon. Reid, a former boxer, exclaimed “You son of a bitch, you tried to bribe me!” and attempted to strangle Gordon, before startled agents pulled him off.[4] Gordon was convicted in federal court in 1979 and sentenced to six months in prison.[3] In 1981, Reid's wife found a bomb attached to one of their cars, a bomb Reid suspects was placed by Gordon.[5]
Management and marriage to La Toya Jackson[edit]
In the mid-1980s, Gordon began to manage La Toya Jackson alongside her father, Joseph. In the late 1980s, he took over her management completely. He married her in Reno, Nevada on September 5, 1989, claiming that it was for her own protection against kidnapping by the Jackson family. La Toya Jackson states that this was both unplanned and against her wishes. According to Jackson; "I told him, 'No way, Jack! I can't marry you. You know what marriage means to me. I've never been in love; I don't even date.... It's not right. I don't love you. I don't have feelings for you.'" [6] Jackson claims to have tried to run out of the chapel three times but bodyguard Antonio Rossi grabbed her saying, "There's some things you have to do. Even if you don't want to." [7][8] Jackson told Ebony magazine the marriage was "strictly in name only. It has never been consummated." [6] Six months into the marriage, Jackson asked Gordon for an annulment in Italy. In response, she claims that Gordon repeatedly bashed her head against the side of a table, saying that he would never let her go. Paparazzi subsequently photographed Jackson with black eyes, which Gordon claimed was caused by intruders.[7][9][10] From this point forward, Jackson lost all contact with her family and wrote her autobiography, La Toya: Growing up in the Jackson Family, which accused her father of child abuse.[11]
Gordon sometimes hired bodyguards to watch La Toya and she claims that he would never allow her to speak to or see her family. La Toya's father Joseph stated in his book The Jacksons that he believed Gordon brainwashed her and made her fearful of her own family.[12] Jackson's mother Katherine also believed that La Toya had been brainwashed while Gordon claimed that Katherine had tried to kill La Toya.[13] Sister Janet concurred with her parents saying at the time, "I think this guy who is with her has brainwashed her and made her like this... He keeps her away from the family, and now he's brainwashed her so much she keeps herself away from us." [14]
In 1993, in their New York home, Gordon allegedly beat La Toya repeatedly with a heavy brass dining room chair, leaving Jackson with contusions on her face, arms, legs and back in addition to a black eye, lip and chin swollen to "the size of a clenched fist," requiring 12 stitches in her mouth. Jackson told reporters, "he kicked me in the mouth (and) the boot went right up under my lip . . . all the way through the skin and burst my lip." Jackson supposedly lost consciousness during the beating, leading Gordon to believe she was dead. She recalled, "He called his friends and said, 'She's dead. I killed her,' because I was lying in a puddle of blood and I was out."[15] Gordon was arrested but then released, claiming self-defense after La Toya "came at" him with a knife. He then declared to the press he that was undergoing radiation treatments for cancer.[16][17][18]
In December 1993, Gordon hastily arranged a press conference in Tel Aviv, where he had Jackson read a statement that she believed sex abuse allegations against her younger brother Michael.[19] She stated, "I cannot and will not be a silent collaborator in his crimes against young children... Forget about the superstar, forget about the icon. If he was any other 35-year-old man who was sleeping with little boys, you wouldn't like this guy". Gordon claimed La Toya had proof which she was prepared to disclose for a fee of $500,000. A bidding war between US and UK tabloids began, but fell through when they realized that her revelations were not what she had claimed them to be.[20] According to La Toya, Gordon threatened to have siblings Michael and Janet killed if she didn't follow his orders.[15]
Under Gordon's management, Jackson's career declined, as he booked her disreputable jobs such as spokesperson for the Psychic Friends Network. Due to Gordon's steady stream of publicity stunts Jackson had become a hate figure of sorts. In 1996, Gordon attempted to force Jackson to dance at a Cleveland, Ohio strip club. She refused to do so and in return, was booed and heckled by the predominantly male crowd.[21] When Jackson became aware that Gordon was planning to feature her in a pornographic film, she decided she'd had enough. Jackson phoned brother Randy, who flew to New York to help her escape while Gordon was out.[22][23] Days later, La Toya filed for divorce.[24]
Accusations about the Jackson family[edit]
While La Toya was in seclusion for four years, Gordon continued to make accusations about the Jackson family; he claimed that La Toya's younger brother Michael had performed monkey sacrifice rituals, abused Bubbles the chimpanzee, and even accused him of forcing Lisa Marie Presley to marry him. In 2002, Gordon did interviews advertising his tell-all book of the Jackson family entitled The Jackson Family: The True Story Of The Most Powerful Family In The Music Industry. The entire family — including his former wife — stated that his allegations were "pure fantasy." [25]
Mafia associations[edit]
FBI wiretaps in 1994, linked Gordon to Genovese crime family member James "Little Jimmy" Ida. Gordon was taped arranging for mobsters to shadow Jackson on a trip to Russia. Gordon paid the group $1,500 a month for at least two years to protect Jackson from "shakedowns" by rival mobsters. Gordon also employed the services of organized crime defense attorney and former Las Vegas mayor Oscar Goodman.[26][27]
Other entertainment clients[edit]
Jack Gordon had few other entertainment clients apart from La Toya Jackson. Before Gordon became La Toya's co-manager with her father in the late 1980s (and eventually manager) it was widely known he had a disreputable past including trouble with the law. Joseph Jackson was always fearful of Gordon as he believed Gordon was probably armed.[12] Gordon's clients included John Wayne Bobbitt, Divine Brown, Gloria Gaynor, Shannen Doherty, and Sharon Stone.[28][29]
In 1999, Gordon claimed that Paula Jones, a pivotal figure in the impeachment trial of Bill Clinton, had confided in him that Clinton had not sexually harassed her as she originally claimed. Gordon arranged Jones' nude spread in Penthouse, and claimed he helped her launch a psychic hotline. However, in a March, 1999 CNN Politics website article, Susan Carpenter McMillan, a confidante and former adviser to Jones, issued a statement from Jones that she had not, nor would she ever do anything with a psychic hotline.;[30] McMillan also has stated that Gordon was "obsessed" with the former Arkansas state employee, phoning her up to 15 times a day.[31]
Death[edit]
Gordon died at Mayo Hospital in Scottsdale, Arizona after battling cancer for several months.[32] He was survived by his brother Terry Gordon, his daughter Francesca Malkin, and his son Aaron Gordon.[33]
Notes[edit]
1.^ Jump up to: a b Lavin, Cheryl (1991-08-11). "Brawl In The Family: La Toya Jackson's Book Heats Up The Tug Of War Between Her Family And Her Manager". Tribune Corporation. Retrieved 2015-04-29.
2.Jump up ^ "News - JOHN L. SMITH: Here's to Willie Cohen, a colorful character of Las Vegas Past, dead at 98". reviewjournal.com. 2006-07-07. Retrieved 2010-06-24.
3.^ Jump up to: a b "Harry Reid is up for re-election next yearWill he make it? - Senator Harry Reid of Nevada". Zimbio. Retrieved 2010-06-24.
4.Jump up ^ Walsh, Elsa (2009-01-07). "Annals of Politics: Minority Retort". The New Yorker. Retrieved 2010-06-24.
5.Jump up ^ Walsh, Elsa (August 8, 2005). "Minority Retort: How a pro-gun, anti-abortion Nevadan leads the Senate's Democrats". The New Yorker. Retrieved 2008-03-17.
6.^ Jump up to: a b Randolph, Laura B. (1992). "LaToya Jackson on: fame, family and her future in Paris - Interview - Cover Story - page 2 | Ebony". Findarticles.com. Retrieved 2010-06-24.
7.^ Jump up to: a b Lloyd, Jimmy (2009-01-06). "La Toya's forced wedding hell | The Sun |Showbiz|Big Brother". London: The Sun. Retrieved 2010-06-24.
8.Jump up ^ "Wedding Bells Were A Hoax, La Toya Says | Deseret News". Archive.deseretnews.com. 1989-09-08. Retrieved 2010-06-24.
9.Jump up ^ Lloyd, Jimmy (2009-01-04). "La Toya Jackson tells on Celebrity Big Brother how she was violently abused by her ex-husband | Domestic abuse | The Sun |Showbiz|Big Brother". London: The Sun. Retrieved 2010-06-24.
10.Jump up ^ "LA Times: 'LaToya Jackson Beaten in Rome', June 15, 1990". Articles.latimes.com. 1990-06-15. Retrieved 2010-06-24.
11.Jump up ^ Jackson, La Toya; Patricia Romanowski (1991). La Toya: Growing up in the Jackson Family. New American Library. p. 261. ISBN 0-451-17415-1.
12.^ Jump up to: a b http://www.togermano.com/other/latoya/book2.htm
13.Jump up ^ Lavin, Cheryl (1991-08-11). "Archives: Chicago Tribune". Pqasb.pqarchiver.com. Retrieved 2010-06-24.
14.Jump up ^ Norment, Lynn (1993). "Grown-up Janet Jackson talks about racism, sensuality and the Jackson family - Cover Story | Ebony | Find Articles at BNET". Findarticles.com. Retrieved 2010-06-24.
15.^ Jump up to: a b 'La Toya Jacksons Ex Threatened To Kill Michael and Janet', femalefirst.co.uk, 25-01-2005
16.Jump up ^ "Danger Zone". People.com. 1993-05-03. Retrieved 2010-06-24.
17.Jump up ^ https://www.nydailynews.com/archives/entertainment/1996/01/10/1996-01-10_more_la_toya_stories_the_gra.html
18.Jump up ^ "The Whole Scoop and Nothing but the Scoop". Newsbank. 1993-04-24.
19.Jump up ^ "La Toya: Charges Are True; Family Says Jackson Never Molested Kids". The Washington Post. Highbeam.com. 1993-12-09. Retrieved 2010-06-24.
20.Jump up ^ Taraborrelli, p. 534-540
21.Jump up ^ Morrison, Jane Ann: "Gordon's family leaves the skeletons in his closet and out of his obit.", Las Vegas Review-Journal, April 28, 2005.
22.Jump up ^ “”. "La Toya on escaping Jack Gordon". YouTube. Retrieved 2010-06-24.
23.Jump up ^ "LaToya Jackson Defends Michael". 1. LaToya Jackson Defends Michael. January 20, 2005. ABC News.
24.Jump up ^ http://www.togermano.com/other/latoya/biog.htm
25.Jump up ^ "Jacko Is Very Wacko If Jack Gordon Is To Be Believed". popdirt.com. 2002-10-09. Retrieved 2010-06-24.
26.Jump up ^ "Archive". The Smoking Gun. Retrieved 2010-06-24.
27.Jump up ^ Capeci, Jerry (1996-08-01). "La Toya Hubby Pay-Offs Cited". New York: Nydailynews.com. Retrieved 2010-06-24.
28.Jump up ^ Gordon vs. Gordon, Page 01875 Family Division Book 19990201, Page 5, Paragraph 7 (District Court of Clark County, Nevada March 3, 1998).
29.Jump up ^ http://bkc.mikovice.com/rr/huckster_1_text.pdf
30.Jump up ^ "Paula Jonees She and her husband living apart but claims marriage not in jeopard". New York: CNN Politics. 1999-03-17. Retrieved 2013-02-05.
31.Jump up ^ Rush, George (1999-06-03). "Paula Lied About Bill: Promoter". New York: Nydailynews.com. Retrieved 2010-06-24.
32.Jump up ^ "News: JANE ANN MORRISON: Gordon's family leaves the ske". reviewjournal.com. 2005-04-28. Retrieved 2010-06-24.[dead link]
33.Jump up ^ http://www.lasvegassun.com/news/2005/apr/20/gordon-latoyas-ex-husband-bobbitts-manager-dies-at/ Wednesday, April 20, 2005 | 8:53 a.m.


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Cancer deaths in Arizona
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La Toya Jackson

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Jump to: navigation, search

For other uses, see La Toya (disambiguation).

La Toya Jackson
La Toya Jackson cropped.jpg
Jackson in 2011

Background information

Birth name
La Toya Yvonne Jackson
Also known as
Toy
Born
May 29, 1956 (age 58)
Gary, Indiana, United States
Genres
Pop, R&B, dance
Occupation(s)
Singer, songwriter, actress, activist, model, author, celebrity, businesswoman, television personality
Years active
1972–present
Labels
Polydor Records
(1980–82)
Epic(1983–87)
Teldec / RCA(1987–88)
Teldec (1989)
BCM (1990)
Pump / Dino (1991–92)
Mar-Gor (1993)
CMC (1994 – 95)
Ja-Tail / Bungalo(2002–present)
Associated acts
The Jackson 5, Michael Jackson, Janet Jackson, Rebbie Jackson, USA for Africa
Website
Official Site
La Toya Yvonne Jackson(born May 29, 1956) is an American singer, songwriter, author, television personality, actress, businesswoman, philanthropist, activistand former model. She is the fifth child of the Jackson family. She maintained a career as a singer throughout the 1980s and 1990s, and returned to music in 2004 with her Billboardcharting songs "Just Wanna Dance" and "Free the World". An EP called Starting Overwas released on June 21, 2011.


Contents [hide]
1Life and career1.11956–1979: Early life and The Jacksons
1.21980–1983: Beginning of solo career
1.31984–1987: Heart Don't Lieand international success
1.41988–1989: Departure from the Jackson family and Playboy
1.51989–1996: Public notoriety, abuse, and exile from the Jackson family
1.61996–2002: Escape and seclusion
1.72003–2006: Re-emergence and return to music
1.82007–2009: Reality television
1.92010–present: Reality television and Starting Over
2Vocal style and influences
3Discography3.1Studio albums
3.2Extended plays
3.3Stage recordings
4Awards and other achievements
5See also
6References
7External links

Life and career[edit]
1956–1979: Early life and The Jacksons[edit]
Born on her sister Rebbie's 6th birthday on May 29, 1956, in Gary, Indiana, La Toya Jackson is the fifth of ten children born to Joseph Jacksonand Katherine Jacksonand the middle female child between Rebbie and Janet. Growing up, La Toya was a shy homebody. After her mother became a member of the Jehovah's Witnessesin 1965, La Toya, along with the rest of her siblings followed. She would spend some of her time (alongside her mother) preaching door-to-door. "Every morning, Michael and I witnessed, knocking on doors around Los Angeles, spreading the word of Jehovah."[1]By 1972, at sixteen, La Toya joined her brothers in the spotlight with a tap dancingroutine when her father arranged for them to perform shows in Las Vegas, among other cities.[2]Jackson aspired to be an attorney specializing in business law. She attended college for a short time before her father insisted that she pursue a career in show business like the rest of the family.
In 1976 and 1977, La Toya and her sisters Rebbie and Janet appeared in all twelve episodes of The Jacksons—a CBS-TV variety program, with their brothers Jackie, Tito, Marlon, Michael, and Randy. Along with their brothers (minus Jermaine), La Toya and her sisters sang, danced and performed skits. In 1978 during the filming of The Wiz, La Toya traveled with her brother Michael (who was cast as the Scarecrow), to New York. Sharing an apartment, it was the first time either of them had lived elsewhere as adults. Close siblings, Michael and La Toya, would not move out of the family's Encino, Los Angeles, Californiahome until they were 30 and 31 respectively. Gentleman callers during this period included Diana Ross' brother Chico, Prince, and a young David Gest.[3]Jackson also dated Bobby DeBargeand was the inspiration for Switch's1979 hit "I Call Your Name".[4]
Under Joe Jackson's tutelage Rebbie, La Toya and Janet formed a short-lived musical group. However, they never performed live and soon separated because of creative differences about the act's future direction. Consequently, no related material was ever released by the trio.[5]The next year, La Toyabegan work on her first solo album.
1980–1983: Beginning of solo career[edit]
In 1980, Jackson released her self-titled debut album. In order to distinguish herself from her famous brothers, The Jacksons, La Toya only wanted her first name on the album. "I begged just to have it 'La Toya'. But my fathersaid, 'It's your last name. You got to use it.' But I wanted to see what I could do as an individual."[6]The first single "If You Feel the Funk", became a modest hit, climbing into the Top 40 of the US R&Bchart. Her second single, "Night Time Lover", was produced by younger brother Michael, who provided backing vocals. In turn, she provided the opening scream on her brothers', The Jacksons, 1980 hit, "This Place Hotel" as well as backing vocals on brother Michael's 1984 solo hit "P.Y.T. (Pretty Young Thing)".
The La Toya Jacksonalbum peaked at #116 on the US Billboard200, #26 on the BillboardR&B album chart, and #178 on the UK Top 200, making it her highest placing album.
In 1982, Jackson released a follow-up album, My Special Love, which generated two singles, "Stay the Night" and "I Don't Want You to Go".
1984–1987: Heart Don't Lieand international success[edit]
1984 saw the release of Jackson's critically acclaimed album Heart Don't Lie.Jackson scored her biggest BillboardHot 100hit with the titular track "Heart Don't Lie", which peaked at number 56. Other singles from this album were "Bet'cha Gonna Need My Lovin'", "Hot Potato", and a cover of Prince's"Private Joy." Jackson and Amir Bayyan co-wrote "Reggae Nights" for Heart Don't Liebut the track did not make the cut. Jimmy Cliff's recording of the song was a hit and was nominated for a Grammy. Cliff commissioned Jackson to write two more songs: "Brown Eyes" and "American Sweet."
In 1984, Jackson capitalized on her rising popularity by licensing her name to a fashion line; "David Laurenz for La Toya."[7]According to her three-year contract with the suede and leather-maker Jackson agreed to only wear David Laurenz items during her public appearances. Apparel in the collection included Jackson's signature leather headbands.[8][9]Jackson starred in adverts for Nikoncameras and the following year she become the spokesmodelfor cosmetics firm Mahogany Image and launched her own eponymous fragrance, La Toya.[10]
In 1985, Jackson participated on the single "We Are the World", an appeal for famine relief in Ethiopia. That same year Jackson featured in anti-drug music video"Stop the Madness".




"Baby Sister"







A sample from "Baby Sister", a single by La Toya Jackson.

Problems playing this file? See media help.
Her 1985 single "Baby Sister" was a notable success, as it received one of five Outstanding Song Awards at the sixteenth annual World Popular Song Festivalin Japan. "Baby Sister" was included on the 1986 album Imagination, released just before Jackson's record label, Private-I, went bankrupt resulting in poor promotion.[11]Jackson went on to record two duets; "Oops, Oh No!" with Cerrone, and "Yes, I'm Ready" with artist Jed. In 1987 Jackson was featured as a special guest at Minako Honda's DISPA (Disco Party)concert, joining in for the song, "Funkytown".
1988–1989: Departure from the Jackson family and Playboy[edit]




Jackson on the cover of Playboy.
In 1987, Jack Gordonwas hired to co-manage La Toya by her father, Joseph. He later took over her management completely. Under Gordon's management, Jackson's public image became increasingly sexier. Katherine Jacksonrecalled her shock seeing La Toya dance in a suggestive manner in 1988 for the first time in her autobiography My Family, The Jacksons: "she'd been so conservative that she'd once dropped a friend who had begun wearing low-cut tops and skirts with slits in them." Katherine believed that Gordon was distancing La Toya from her family so he could "become the dominating influence in her life."[12]Around this time Jackson was disfellowshippedby the Jehovah's Witnesses. Defying her father, Jackson made a stormy exit from the family's Encinocompound to take up residence in New York City.[13]In late 1988, Jackson released the album La Toya, which featured the singles, "You're Gonna Get Rocked!" and "(Ain't Nobody Loves You) Like I Do". The album also included a track titled "Just Say No", which was written for the Reagan administration's anti-drug campaign.[14]The album included four tracks produced by Full Force, and three by Stock Aitken Waterman. The album is notable for being the first one Jackson released after changing her management.[15]
In March 1989, Jackson posed topless for Playboymagazine. Jackson saw the pictorial as a declaration of independence from her conservative upbringing and "to show my parents they couldn't dictate to me any more—that I control my life."[16]The cover and layout was one of the most successful issues in Playboy's history, turning Jackson into an overnight sex symbol.[17]At its time of release, it sold over 8 million copies, going on to become the fourteenth best selling issue of the magazine ever. She posed again in Playboyin November 1991 to promote her autobiography and subsequently acted in a 1994 video for the magazine, becoming one of the first celebrities to have a Playboyvideoreleased. She later said that she initially refused to pose for the second spread and for the video, however, Gordon beat her into submission.[18][19][20]
In 1989, Jackson began recording her sixth album Bad Girl. That year Jackson staged a live pay-per-viewconcert, A Sizzling Spectacular!, from Bally'stheatre in Reno. Jackson's set list included songs from La Toyaand Bad Girl. The show featured special guest star Edgar Winter.[21]
1989–1996: Public notoriety, abuse, and exile from the Jackson family[edit]
On September 5, 1989, after her Sizzling Spectacularconcert in Nevada, Gordon forcibly marriedJackson, claiming it was for her own protection against kidnapping by her family. La Toya Jackson states that this was both unplanned and against her wishes. According to Jackson; "I told him, 'No way, Jack! I can't marry you. You know what marriage means to me. I've never been in love; I don't even date.... It's not right. I don't love you. I don't have feelings for you.'"[16]Jackson tried to run out of the chapel three times but bodyguard Antonio Rossi grabbed her saying, "There's some things you have to do. Even if you don't want to."[22][23]Jackson told Ebonymagazine the marriage was "strictly in name only. It has never been consummated."[16]Six months into the marriage, Jackson asked Gordon for an annulmentwhen in Rome, Italy. In response, Gordon repeatedly bashed her head against the corner of the hotel room table saying that he would never let her go. Paparazzisubsequently photographed Jackson with black eyes, which Gordon claimed were caused by an intruder.[20][22][24][25]From this point forward, Jackson lost all contact with her family and wrote an autobiography, La Toya: Growing Up in the Jackson Family, which accused her father of physical abuse.[26]For roughly the next decade Gordon controlled Jackson with threats, lies, and routine violence. According to Jackson, "When he hit me, the first time I was in shock, I just recalled my ear ringing, just ringing so hard."[20]Gordon confiscated Jackson's passport, transferred her bank accounts into his name, hired bodyguards to watch La Toya constantly and banned her from speaking to or seeing her family, monitoring her every phone call.[20]La Toya's father Joseph stated in his book The Jacksonsthat he believed Gordon brainwashedLa Toya and made her fearful of her own family.[5]Katherinealso believed that La Toya had been brainwashed while Gordon claimed that Katherine had tried to kill her daughter.[27]Sister Janetconcurred with her parents saying at the time, "I think this guy who is with her has brainwashed her and made her like this... He keeps her away from the family, and now he's brainwashed her so much she keeps herself away from us."[18][28]
In 1990, Jackson participated in the Sanremo Music Festival, entering "You and Me" an English-language version of "Verso l'ignoto" by siblings Marcellaand Gianni Bella. While "You and Me" did not win Best Song, it entered Italy's hit parade, peaking at number twenty-eight. That year Jackson signed on with German-based BCM Records and released the single "Why Don't You Want My Love?" Jackson recorded other material with BCM, but the label went bankrupt and album plans were scrapped. Jackson signed with Dino Records quickly thereafter. 1991 saw the release of No Relations, an album with strong houseand funkinfluences. This album featured Jackson's top twenty-five Netherlands hit "Sexbox".
In 1992, Jackson signed a contract with the Moulin Rougein Paristo star in her own revue, Formidable. Jackson was to perform two shows a night, six nights a week. Jackson was highest paid performer in the cabaret's history earning a reported $5 million. Though Formidablewas successful, selling out on most nights, Jackson departed half-way into her year-long contract owing the nightclub $550,000 in damages.[16][29]
In October 1992, while taping an Exotic Club Tourin MinneapolisJackson approached sister Janet Jackson, also in town recording her fifth studio albumwith Jimmy Jam and Terry Lewis, to ask for help in escaping Gordon. Janet struck La Toya, accusing her elder sister of recording their conversation.[30][31]
In 1993 in their New York home, Gordon beat Jackson repeatedly with a heavy brass dining room chair, leaving Jackson with black eyes, swollen lip and chin "the size of a clenched fist," cuts requiring 12 mouth stitches and contusions on her face, arms, legs and back.[32][33]Jackson lost consciousness during the beating, leading Gordon to believe she was dead. She recalled, "He called his friends and said, 'She's dead. I killed her,' because I was lying in a puddle of blood and I was out."[34]Gordon was arrested but then released, claiming he beat Jackson in self-defense.[35]In December 1993 Gordon hastily arranged a press conference in Tel Aviv, where he had Jackson read a statement claiming to believe the sensational sex abuse allegationagainst her younger brother Michaelmight be true.[36][37]This was an abrupt reversal of her previous defense of Michael against the charges.[38]Gordon claimed La Toya had proof which she was prepared to disclose for a fee of $500,000. A bidding war between US and UK tabloids began, but fell through when they realized that her revelations were not what she had claimed them to be.[39]According to La Toya, Gordon threatened to have siblings Michael and Janet killed if she didn't follow his orders.[34][40]
Under Gordon's management, Jackson's career declined with his booking of disreputable jobs such as spokesperson for the Psychic Friends Network. Because of Gordon's steady stream of publicity stuntsand her media portrayal as the Jackson family "black sheep" La Toya had become a hate figureof sorts.[41]By the mid-1990s Jackson's finances were in disarray and she was forced to file for bankruptcy in order to stave off claims of $650,000 in damages to the Moulin Rougefor ending her contract early.[42]In 1993 Jackson held a concert at Poland's Sopot International Song Festivaland released a step aerobicsexercise video, Step-Up Workout. In 1994, Jackson again worked for Playboy Entertainment, becoming one of the very first celebrities to have a Celebrity Centerfold video. Playboy Celebrity Centerfold: La Toya Jacksonwas released in the first quarter of 1994 and sold roughly 50,000 copies. Jackson later released two albums, one of country music, From Nashville to You, and another of Motownhits, Stop in the Name of Love, in the mid-1990s.
1996–2002: Escape and seclusion[edit]
Further information: Gordon v. Gordon
When Jackson became aware that Gordon was planning to feature her in a pornographic filmshe decided she'd had enough. Jackson phoned brother Randywho flew to New Yorkto help her escape while Gordon was out.[20][43][44]Only days later, La Toya filed for divorce from Las Vegas and sued Gordon in civil court for years of abuse under the Violence Against Women Act. She changed her name from La Toya Jackson-Gordon to La Toya Jackson thusforth dropping use of her former middle name Yvonne.[18]
La Toya Jackson ended her estrangement with the entire Jackson family and returned home to Hayvenhurst. Jackson forgave her parents for her stifled upbringing reasoning, "I've come to realize that as we get older, we grow and learn a lot more. And I think that my father and my mother, they raised children the best way they know how."[19]According to La Toya, Michael knew that she was forced to attack him in the press against her will and he did not blame her.[45]"He never held any of that against me, I remember when I'd got away from this total hell I'd been through where I'd been beaten, abused, controlled and forced to say those terrible things about Michael, which I didn't for a moment believe, he held out his arms and just hugged me. I was crying saying: 'I'm so sorry, I'm so sorry.' He just held me tight and said: 'I am your brother, I always knew it wasn't you saying those words."[46]
Jackson's last single of the 1990s was "Don't Break My Heart."
After separating from Gordon, Jackson cloistered herself in her home and lived alone for the first time—the first six months she stated she never actually left her house due to being terrified of Gordon seeing her. Weary after her years of public scorn, she didn't know what to do with her life and was afraid to perform again.[45]Jackson struggled to rebuild her confidence but was plagued with self-doubt, explaining, "I got to the point, [...] where—well, you know in the media they say things like, 'Oh, she can't sing. She has no talent. She can't dance.' I started believing that, and I was thinking, 'Oh my God'. And I started thinking, 'Oh gee, how could this happen to me?' How could I start believing this?".[19]After this time she started to perform in Europe and South America occasionally to start making money to pay off the huge debts which Gordon had accumulated in her name while they were married. In the wake of the September 11 attacksJackson was moved to compose "Free the World". She performed the song for friends to a positive reception. This spurred on Jackson to write more songs, ending up with a full album, Startin' Over.
2003–2006: Re-emergence and return to music[edit]
Jackson publicly re-emerged on Larry King Liveon March 9, 2003. Her appearance caused CNN's phone lines to stay busy for hours and was King's highest-rated show in three years.[47]Jackson announced her first musical project in six years, Startin' Over.[19]Startin' Over'slead singlewas 2004's "Just Wanna Dance", released independently under her pseudonymous nickname "Toy" in order to avoid any prejudices DJs might hold against La Toya Jackson's name. The plan worked, with "Just Wanna Dance" reaching #13 on the US BillboardHot Dance chart. "Free the World" was released later that year to similar success. Jackson's label, Ja-Tail Records secured a deal with Universal Music Groupto distribute the album, which was delayed several times due to extenuating circumstances. The 2003 promotional copy of Startin' Overleakedonline in 2006, however Jackson's management revealed that the entire album was being re-recorded with an all-new track list and updated sound. That year Jackson became the spokeswoman for Australian malt beverage Star Ice's US launch.[48][49]
After Jack Gordon's death in 2005, Jackson was free to speak more openly about the control he exerted over her life. She sent a security expert to eyewitness that Gordon had not faked his death a second time.[50]In 2005 she appeared on ABC Newsto recant her previous allegations and defend brother Michael against new charges of child abuse.[20]VH1described Jackson as a role modelhaving weathered various successes and setbacks.[47]The perception of Jackson as an underdogand her support for LGBT rightshas led her to be declared a gay icon.[41]
2007–2009: Reality television[edit]




"I Don't Play That"







A sample from "I Don't Play That", a single by La Toya Jackson.

Problems playing this file? See media help.
On January 10, 2007, the reality TVshow Armed & Famouspremiered on CBSstarring Jackson and other celebrities. The program documented Jackson's basic trainingand service as a reserve police officerwith the MunciePolice Department. Jackson maintains her badge by continuing to volunteer as a deputy.[51]The show was eventually removed from the CBS lineup, due to its inability to compete with American Idol. VH1subsequently aired the remaining episodes. On the show, Jackson demonstrated her phobia of cats, after she began hysterically screaming and locked herself in a squad car. This fear, she revealed, was caused by a childhood memory in which a relative was attacked by a cat. She underwent on-screen therapyto try to relieve her of this phobia. A single called "Armed and Famous" was planned but the title was changed to "I Don't Play That" shortly before it was sent to radio stations, where it failed to take off, on January 29, 2007, due to CBS' cancellation of the show.
In January 2009, Jackson was paid £103,000 to appear as a contestant on the British television program Celebrity Big Brother. She was the second member of the Jackson familyto be on the show, the first being her brother Jermainein 2007.[52][53]Jackson's goal in participating in show was to get over her shyness and "mix with people who I'd never normally meet."[46]She was the fourth person evicted from the house, and was the first evictee of the series to be cheered on her exit.[citation needed]
The final version of Startin' Overwas completed in late 2008, just before Jackson joined the cast of Celebrity Big Brother. A new lead single, "Love, Honor, and Obey", planned for a summer 2009 release, was put on hold because of the death of La Toya's younger brother Michael. Instead, "Home" was released on 28 July 2009 in Michael's memory with all proceeds going to AIDS Project Los Angeles, one of his favorite charities.[54][55]La Toya Jackson was one of the first siblings present at Reagan-UCLA Medical Centeron June 25, 2009, after brother Michael Jacksonwas pronounced dead after suffering cardiac arrest. She was named as the informant on her brother's death certificate. Jackson requested a second autopsy to be carried out after noting suspicious medical paraphernalia in Michael's rented house, evasive behavior by his doctors, and discovering that $2 million in cash and jewels had gone missing. On July 13, an interview was published in News of the Worldand the Daily Mailwherein Jackson went public with her conclusion that Michael was murdered.[51]The Los Angeles County Coronerruled Jackson's death a homicideweeks later.[56]
2010–present: Reality television and Starting Over[edit]




La Toya Jackson on October 18, 2009 at an AIDS Walkin Los Angeles
In 2010, Jackson launched Dream Cream, a hand cream for German cosmetics firm Alessandro International, and named Teddy Rileyhead of Ja-Tail Records' music division.[57][58][59]Jackson took part in NBC's Celebrity Apprentice, which aired from March through May 2011 and raised $65,000 for her chosen charity, AIDS Project Los Angeles. La Toya was "fired" from Celebrity Apprenticein episode 8 during season 11, which aired on April 24, 2011 on NBC. In an Apprenticefirst, Jackson was rehired in the following episode, as she felt she couldn't defend her case. La Toya was fired for the second time on May 8, 2011 and became the first person in history to be fired from The Apprenticetwice within the same season. She was also the first guest judge to appear in two episodes of season threeof RuPaul's Drag Race.[60]She also served as guest judge on the 17th season of America's Next Top Model. Jackson's second memoir, Starting Over, was released in the United States on June 21, 2011 through Gallery Books, an imprint of Simon & Schuster.[61]An EP, also called Starting Over,was released the same day via digital outlets.[62]
In 2013, Jackson started her own reality series called Life With La Toyawhich is premiered on Oprah Winfrey's OWN.[63]Also in 2013, Jackson rejoined the newest cast for The All-Star Celebrity Apprentice. Jackson lasted until the 3rd episode of the season, when she was fired on an episode titled "I'm Being Punked By A Jackson". Jackson volunteered to be the project manager on a task that saw the cast creating a Soap Opera themed commercial for Crystal Light. Jackson's team lost the task and she subsequently was fired by Donald Trump. Unlike her first appearance on the show, Trump specifically stated that he would not allow Jackson to return to the show after being fired. In September 2013, Jackson made her stage debut in a week-long engagement in the off-Broadwaymusical, Newsical.[64]
It was falsely reported that on December 6, 2013 Jackson married her business partner Jeffre Phillips in Los Angeles.[65]On December 16 TMZ reported that La Toya and Jeffre stated that they have not married and this was reaffirmed on Oprah: Where Are They Now?.[66]Jeffre had publicly asked her to marry him in an episode of her reality series that recently aired.[67]His decision to propose to La Toya was prompted by their friend Brenda Harvey Richie (ex-wife of Lionel Richie) who noted that they had been best friends for 15 years as he became La Toya's business partner after Jack Gordon. He did so with the permission of La Toya's father, Joe Jackson.[68]
Currently, she and Jeffre are also the executive producers of a documentarycalled "Dancing in Jaffa" which follows 150 young Jewish and Palestinian Israelis as they dance together in unity by putting their cultural differences aside.[69][70]
Vocal style and influences[edit]
La Toya Jackson has a three-octave vocal range which soars to a high D#6 in her single, "Bet'cha Gonna Need My Lovin'."[71]The Evening Independentsays that she has an "attractive, pleasant voice that is matured and controlled."[72]Andrew Hamilton of AllMusicdescribes her voice as a light, wispy "sexy whisper".[73]Like her siblings, Michael and Janet, she is mainly a pop, R&B and dance music performer but she has also dabbled in rockas heard in her song, "No More Drama" and reggaein her signature song "Heart Don't Lie."
Like many other Jacksons, she cites James Brownas a "major influence".[74]When Jackson headlined the Moulin Rougeshe paid homage to La Goulueand cited Josephine Bakeras an influence. L'Expresshailed Jackson as "the new Josephine Baker."[29]According to academic Bennetta Jules-Rosette, "Through careful planning, she was able to model a successful part of her career abroad on the master tropes of a Baker-like image. Jackson exemplifies Baudrillard's notion that neither the message nor the content count as much as the referentiality of the signifier in postmodern performative discourse."[75]
Discography[edit]
Main article: La Toya Jackson discography
Studio albums[edit]
La Toya Jackson(1980)
My Special Love(1981)
Heart Don't Lie(1984)
Imagination(1986)
La Toya(1988)
Bad Girl(1991)
No Relations(1991)
From Nashville to You(1994)
Stop in the Name of Love(1995)
Extended plays[edit]
Starting Over(2011)
Stage recordings[edit]
Formidable(1992)
Awards and other achievements[edit]
Jackson co-wrote "Reggae Nights" for reggaeartist Jimmy Cliff, which received a Grammynomination for Best Reggae Recording.[47]She later recorded the song for her album No Relations. She also wrote "Brown Eyes" for Cliff.
Jackson was honored as a writer, arranger, and producer of Cliff Hanger, which won the Grammy Award for Best Reggae Albumin 1986.[76]
She was one of the recipients of a Grammy Award for Record of the Yearas a vocalistfor "We Are the World".[77]
She wrote Home for Christmas for The Beu Sisters
She won one of five Outstanding Song Awards at the 1985 World Popular Song Festivalin Tokyo, Japan, for her song "Baby Sister"[11]
Jackson received a US CongressionalTribute for her participation in a "Beat It" rally and Stay In School Campaign[78]
Jackson's footprintswere immortalized on Rotterdam's Star Boulevard Walk of Fame on 19 December 1991, originally located in Scheveningen.
She has a namesake dessert at Millions of Milkshakes in West Hollywood. The "La Toya Jackson Shake" consists of strawberries, raspberries, caramel, topped with whipped cream and a Cadbury flake.[79]
See also[edit]

Portal icon The Jackson Family portal



References[edit]
1.Jump up ^Jackson, La Toya; Patricia Romanowski (1991). La Toya: Growing Up in the Jackson Family. Dutton Publishing. p. 54. ISBN 0-451-17415-1.
2.Jump up ^Jackson, La Toya; Patricia Romanowski (1991). La Toya: Growing Up in the Jackson Family. Dutton Publishing. p. 65. ISBN 0-451-17415-1.
3.Jump up ^Randolph, Laura B. 'My first love': celebrities recall the first time they were hit by Cupid's arrow.Ebony magazineFebruary 01, 1989
4.Jump up ^Michael A. Gonzales, Vibe Magazine'The Rise and Fall of the Debarge Family'at the Wayback Machine(archived December 17, 2007), September 10, 2007.
5.^ Jump up to: abJackson, Joseph (September 2004). The Jacksons. Random House Entertainment. p. 115. ISBN 3-8090-3028-7.
6.Jump up ^"Waiting for the day when she's not just 'his sister'" Spokane Daily Chronicle, June 18, 1985
7.Jump up ^Lebow, Joan [1]Daily News RecordMay 17, 1984
8.Jump up ^David Laurenz, Latoya Jackson sign 3-year pact., Women's Wear Daily, April 24, 1984
9.Jump up ^By Peter Carlson, Roger Wolmuth 'The Jacksons Continue to Gear Up for the Pop Cultural Event of the Year at a Pace—Slow—That Is Driving Fans and Potential Business Partners into a Frenzy'PEOPLEMay 07, 1984 Vol. 21 No. 18
10.Jump up ^Britton, A.G.La Roya a hit for Mahogany Image(La Toya Jackson) (Holiday Fragrance supplement) Women's Wear DailySeptember 13, 1985
11.^ Jump up to: ab"'16th World Popular Song Festival'". Users.telenet.be. Retrieved 2010-06-24.
12.Jump up ^Jackson, Katherine. Everything you always wanted to know about Michael, Janet and LaToya: mother of Jackson family tells all - excerpt from Katherine Jackson's 'My Family, The Jacksons'Ebony, October, 1990
13.Jump up ^'La Toya off on her own', Chicago Sun-TimesMay 2, 1988
14.Jump up ^Jackson, La Toya; Patricia Romanowski (1991). La Toya: Growing Up in the Jackson Family. Dutton Publishing. pp. 205–206. ISBN 0-451-17415-1.
15.Jump up ^Jackson, La Toya; Patricia Romanowski (1991). La Toya: Growing Up in the Jackson Family. Dutton Publishing. p. 207. ISBN 0-451-17415-1.
16.^ Jump up to: abcdRandolph, Laura B. 'LaToya Jackson on: fame, family and her future in Paris', July, 1992
17.Jump up ^"Cherry Pop Records". Cherryred.co.uk. Retrieved 2010-06-24.
18.^ Jump up to: abc"'La Toya Jackson files gender-based violence suit against husband.', Jet Magazine, July 15, 1996.
19.^ Jump up to: abcd"CNN.com - Transcripts". Transcripts.cnn.com. 2003-03-04. Retrieved 2010-06-24.
20.^ Jump up to: abcdef"LaToya Jackson Defends Michael". ABC News. January 20, 2005.
21.Jump up ^"Lexington Herald-Leader (KY) - September 5, 1989". Nl.newsbank.com. 1989-09-05. Retrieved 2010-06-24.
22.^ Jump up to: abLloyd, Jimmy. 'La Toya's forced wedding hell', The Sun, 06 Jan 2009.
23.Jump up ^'Wedding Bells were a hoax, La Toya Says', Deseret News, Friday, Sept. 8, 1989.[dead link]
24.Jump up ^Lloyd, Jimmy. 'Shaken ... La Toya opens up about suffering domestic abuse'The Sun, 04 Jan 2009.
25.Jump up ^'LaToya Jackson Beaten in Rome'Los Angeles Times, June 15, 1990.
26.Jump up ^Jackson, La Toya; Patricia Romanowski (1991). La Toya: Growing Up in the Jackson Family. New American Library. p. 261. ISBN 0-451-17415-1.
27.Jump up ^Lavin, Cheryl. 'Brawl in the family La Toya Jackson's book heats up the tug of war between her family and her manager', Chicago TribuneAug 11, 1991.
28.Jump up ^Norment, Lynn. 'Grown-up Janet Jackson talks about racism, sensuality and the Jackson family'Ebony, Sept 1993.[dead link]
29.^ Jump up to: abCohen, Roger. 'Paris Journal; Today's Lament: Where's Yesteryear's Gay Paree?'The New York Times, January 29, 1993.
30.Jump up ^'Currents'The Beaver County TimesFeb 7, 1993
31.Jump up ^""Janet Jackson"". E! True Hollywood Story. Season 8. Episode 3. Oct 19, 2003. E!.
32.Jump up ^'Latoya Jackson's Marriage Becomes a Danger Zone'People Magazine, May 03, 1993 Vol. 39 No. 17.
33.Jump up ^Dominguez, Robert. 'More La Toya Stories The Grande Dame of Dysfunction will reveal 'Family Secrets' on new new 900-Line'New York Daily NewsWednesday, January 10th, 1996, 1:95AM.
34.^ Jump up to: ab'La Toya Jacksons Ex Threatened To Kill Michael and Janet', femalefirst.co.uk, 25-01-2005.
35.Jump up ^'Self-defense claim'Chicago Tribune, April 23, 1993.
36.Jump up ^Weinraub, Robert. 'The Jackson Family Reunited, Sort Of', The New York Times, February 21, 1994.
37.Jump up ^'La Toya: Charges Are True; Family Says Jackson Never Molested Kids'The Washington Post, December 9, 1993.
38.Jump up ^'Jacksons refute LaToya's charge Michael kept boys with him at family home.'Jet Magazine, December 27, 1993 "...charges against him have come from sister LaToya, who several weeks ago, ironically, defended him on national television. "
39.Jump up ^Taraborrelli, J. Randy(2004). The Magic and the Madness. Terra Alta, WV: Headline. ISBN 0-330-42005-4.p. 534-540.
40.Jump up ^""S8E1"". "The Frank Skinner Show". Season 8. Episode 1. 14 October 2004. BBC One.“” (2007-08-12). "YouTube - La Toya Jackson on Frank Skinner". Au.youtube.com. Retrieved 2010-06-24.
41.^ Jump up to: abPratt, Paul E. 'La Toya Jackson Learns Life’s Lessons'at the Wayback Machine(archived March 30, 2007), gaywired.com, 06.13.05.
42.Jump up ^Benza, A.J. & Lewittes, Michael. 'La Toya's Franc Admission', New York Daily News, Thursday, July 20th, 1995, 1:14AM.
43.Jump up ^Jensen!. 14 May 2008. RTL 5.
44.Jump up ^"La Toya on escaping Jack Gordon". YouTube. Retrieved 2010-06-24.
45.^ Jump up to: abMontgomery, James. 'LaToya Jackson Tries New Career As 'Toy,' Says 'Michael Knows My Heart' 'MTV, Sep 1 2004 8:35 PM EDT
46.^ Jump up to: abLouise Gannon 'Michael was too good for this world'News of the World20/06/2010
47.^ Jump up to: abc"VH1 La Toya Jackson biography". VH1. Viacom. Archived from the originalon 2008-03-10. Retrieved 2010-03-25.
48.Jump up ^NORM : A dual celebration for Guy Laliberte, Las Vegas Review-Journal, June 28, 2006
49.Jump up ^eurweb.com, September 15, 2006
50.Jump up ^'La Toya's still haunted by her violent ex-husband'National Enquirer, 2005
51.^ Jump up to: abGraham, Caroline. 'La Toya Jackson: Michael was murdered... I felt it from the start', Daily Mail, 13th July 2009
52.Jump up ^Singh, Anita. 'Celebrity Big Brother begins', The Daily Telegraph, 8:20PM GMT 02 Jan 2009
53.Jump up ^'Jackson's diva demands on Big Brother', The Times of India, January 2009, 03:28pm IST
54.Jump up ^"Bungalo Records". Bungalo Records. Retrieved 2010-06-24.
55.Jump up ^'LaToya song re-released as Jackson tribute', Associated Press, July 17, 2009.
56.Jump up ^'Coroner rules Jackson’s death a homicide', MSNBC, Mon., Aug 24, 2009.
57.Jump up ^Stone, Susan. La Toya Jackson Poses for Alessandro Cream Ad,Women's Wear Daily,March 31, 2010
58.Jump up ^Odell, Amy. La Toya Jackson Now Fronts a $227 Hand Cream With Diamond Dust, New York Magazine, 3/31/10
59.Jump up ^"Music". JaTail. Retrieved 2010-06-24.
60.Jump up ^"Press Release - La Toya Jackson to Guest Judge on "RuPaul's Drag Race"". 24-7pressrelease.com. Retrieved 2013-04-07.
61.Jump up ^Find Out What S&S Authors Are Doing Right Now. "La Toya Jackson | Official Publisher Page". Authors.simonandschuster.com. Retrieved 2011-10-09.
62.Jump up ^"La Toya Jackson Starting Over Promo". YouTube. 2011-06-21. Retrieved 2011-10-09.
63.Jump up ^Levine, Stuart (Aug 1, 2012). "OWN orders La Toya Jackson reality series". Variety. Retrieved 4 August2012.
64.Jump up ^Adam Hetrick (2013-08-23). "La Toya Jackson Will Join Off-Broadway's NEWSical The Musical". Playbill. Retrieved 2014-06-27.
65.Jump up ^"LaToya Jackson marries Jeffre Phillips in Los Angeles". upi.com. United Press International, Inc. December 9, 2013. Retrieved 24 March2014.
66.Jump up ^"Latoya calls BS, I am Not Married". tmz.com. EHM Productions, Inc. Retrieved 24 March2014.
67.Jump up ^Hoffman, Michael (2014-06-21). "‘Life With La Toya’ Episode Guide (June 21): Jeffré Pops the Question". TVImpulse.com. Retrieved 2014-06-29.
68.Jump up ^"Joe Jackson Gives La Toya Jackson's Fiancé His Marriage Blessing (VIDEO)". Huffingtonpost.com. Retrieved 2014-06-29.
69.Jump up ^"Dancing in Jaffa – IFC Entertainment". Ifcfilms.com. Retrieved 2014-06-29.
70.Jump up ^"Dancing in Jaffa (2013) - Full Cast & Crew". IMDb. 2009-05-01. Retrieved 2014-06-29.
71.Jump up ^Emrick, Matt (1 December 2007). "Church of La Toya Exclusive: Tommy Martin Speaks to Church of La Toya". Church of La Toya. Archived from the originalon Oct 26, 2010. Retrieved 8 July2012.
72.Jump up ^"La Toya Jackson (Polydor)". Evening Independent. pp. 10–B. Retrieved 22 December2011.
73.Jump up ^"Bad Girl - La Toya Jackson". Retrieved 2012-07-08.
74.Jump up ^AskMenEditors. "Interview: LaToya Jackson". AskMen. AskMen. Retrieved 14 October2012.
75.Jump up ^Jules-Rosette, Bennetta (2007). "8". Josephine Baker in Art and Life: The Icon and the Image(1 ed.). University of Illinois Press. p. 259. ISBN 0252074122.
76.Jump up ^Jackson, La Toya (13 Apr 2012). "Twitter / @latoyajackson". Twitter. Retrieved 16 April2012.
77.Jump up ^"LaToya Jackson Grammy Certificate, 1985". Liveauctioneers.com. 2007-05-30. Retrieved 2010-06-24.
78.Jump up ^US Congressional Tribute to La Toya Jackson"La Toya Jackson participated in a 'Beat It' rally and the Stay in School Campaign, and this letter recognizes her contribution of time and leadership. Louis Stokes, Congressman for the 21st District, signed this tribute letter, written on US Congress letterhead."
79.Jump up ^"La Toya Jackson Serves Milkshakes on Halloween To Raise Funds for Aids Project LA" November 01, 2009
External links[edit]
 Wikimedia Commons has media related to La Toya Jackson.
Official site
Official Facebook Page
La Toya Jacksonat the Internet Movie Database
Church of La Toya—officially endorsed fan site


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LCCN: n91011953·
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Categories: 1956 births
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