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Coco Rocha

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Coco Rocha
Coco Rocha 2012 Shankbone.JPG
Rocha at the 2012 Tribeca Film Festival premiere of Mansome

Born
September 10, 1988 (age 26)
Toronto, Ontario, Canada
Spouse(s)
James Conran (m. 2010)
Modeling information
Height
5 ft 10 in (1.78 m)[1]
Hair color
Brown
Eye color
Blue
Measurements
33-24-34 (US); 84-61-86.5 (EU)[1]
Dress size
4 (US); 34 (EU)[1]
Manager
ModelQuest (mother agency)
Wilhelmina Models
Storm Model Management
 Elite Milan
 Elite Copenhagen
Spot 6 Management
 UNO Barcelona
Marylin Agency
 Model Management Hamburg
 Specs Model Management
Website
www.cocorocha.com
Coco Rocha (born Mikhaila Rocha; September 10, 1988) is a Canadian model.[2]


Contents  [hide]
1 Early life
2 Career
3 Activism and charitable work
4 Film and television appearances
5 Writing and online presence
6 Awards and accolades
7 References in popular culture
8 Personal life
9 References
10 External links

Early life[edit]
Rocha was born Mikhaila Rocha in Toronto, Ontario, and grew up in Richmond, British Columbia where she attended Hugh McRoberts Secondary School.[2] Her family is in the airline industry.[2] She is of Irish and Ukrainian descent.[3]
Career[edit]
In 2002, agent Charles Stuart approached Rocha at an Irish dance competition and asked her if she would consider modelling for him. At that point, she had never thought of modelling before.[2] When she did begin to model, her knowledge of fashion was limited.[3] She eventually gained insight into the fashion world after her best friends crammed in fashion study sessions in between studying for exams.[3] Management|SUPREME]] in New York City. Her breakthrough came two years later, in January 2006, when she opened the Christian Lacroix couture show in Paris. After signing an exclusive contract with photographer Steven Meisel, she appeared in an editorial with Gemma Ward and Amanda Moore and landed the cover of the April 2006 issue of Vogue Italia.[4] The following March, she walked the Fall/Winter 2006 ready-to-wear show at New York Fashion Week, most notably for Anna Sui and Marc Jacobs. Backstage at the Anna Sui show, Rocha met model Naomi Campbell, who held her hands and told her she was "her new favourite model".[5] During Paris Fashion Week she walked for esteemed designers like Stella McCartney, Shiatzy Chen, Christian Lacroix, Emanuel Ungaro, and Marc Jacobs.[6][7]
A year later, in February 2007, Rocha opened Jean Paul Gaultier's Scottish Highlands-inspired Fall/Winter 2007 show by Irish-dancing down the runway; American Vogue dubbed this the "Coco Moment" and suggested it as a sign that the fashion industry misses the "supermodels".[8] Rocha was featured on the May 2007 issue of US Vogue with models Doutzen Kroes, Caroline Trentini, Raquel Zimmermann, Sasha Pivovarova, Agyness Deyn, Jessica Stam, Hilary Rhoda, Chanel Iman, and Lily Donaldson as the new crop of supermodels.[9] In 2008 casting agent James Scully said of Rocha:
“ I will be the first to admit I did not believe the hype, but within five seconds of meeting her, I was totally charmed and understood why everyone loves her. Some people feel her look is specific, but I find her to be the most chameleon-like of all the girls.[10] ”
Rocha has been on the covers of many top fashion magazines including American, Brazilian, Italian, Japanese, Korean and Spanish Vogue, Flare, Fashion, Numéro, French, W, Harper's Bazaar, Dazed & Confused, i-D, Time Style & Design, among others.[11]
Since her debut, Rocha has been the face of a variety of advertising campaigns including Versace, Americana Manhasset, Balenciaga, Chanel, D&G, Dior, Dolce & Gabbana, Lanvin, The Gap, Ports 1961, Tommy Hilfiger, Yves Saint Laurent, Esprit, Liz Claiborne, Calvin Klein, Nicole Farhi, DeBeers, Zac Posen, and Rimmel. She has appeared in editorials for American, Italian, Korean, French, Russian, Spanish, Brazilian, Japanese, Mexican, and British Vogue, British, Canadian, Czech, French, Quebec, and Italian Elle V, W, French, Korean, and Japanese Numéro, British and Japanese Dazed & Confused, i-D, Time Style & Design, and Ukrainian, Russian, Korean, and American Harpers Bazaar.[2]
In July 2010, Rocha appeared on the Vogue website daily for an entire month in a feature named "Today I'm Wearing".[12] The following month, Rocha appeared on a billboard in Times Square for an ad campaign with Marie Claire magazine in partnership with Project Runway in which she modeled a contestant's winning design.
In spring of 2011, it was announced that Rocha would again be the face of a limited edition Karl Lagerfeld designed Coco Cola light campaign. She previously collaborated with Lagerfeld and Coca-Cola in 2010.[13] In July 2011, Coco Rocha became the first high fashion model to be photographed by the Lytro Camera, the camera takes what the company calls a “living picture,” meaning that it captures enough visual information in a single exposure so that the focus and zoom can be adjusted even after the picture is taken. Rocha said she reached out to the company after reading about them on the website Mashable.[14]
In August 2011, it was announced that Rocha would be the face of an upcoming Karl Lagerfeld for Macy's collection.[15] In mid-February 2012, Coco appeared in a commercial for White House Black Market created by New York advertising agency Ceft and Company in which she was featured tap-dancing.[16]
Activism and charitable work[edit]
Rocha is one of the few models who has spoken out against the prevalence of eating disorders in the modelling industry. In an open letter to The New York Times on her blog, she wrote, "How can any person justify an aesthetic that reduces a woman or child to an emaciated skeleton? Is it art? Surely fashion's aesthetic should enhance and beautify the human form, not destroy it."[17] In an email to the Associated Press, she wrote: "I'll never forget the piece of advice I got from people in the industry when they saw my new body ... They said, 'You need to lose more weight. The look this year is anorexia. We don't want you to be anorexic but that's what we want you to look like.'[18]
In June 2011, Coco announced a partnership with Canadian fashion retailer Jacob for a "Photoshop-free" campaign. On her blog Rocha said she hoped the shoot could "balance the scales a little by pulling so far back from what has been the current trend of total digital model manipulation."[19]
On October 11, 2011 Coco Rocha appeared on Anderson Cooper's daytime television show Anderson, where she said models are scouted too young and put under pressure to stay thin and behave unnaturally, while they are "still minors".[20]
On November 1, 2011 Coco launched Coco Rocha for Senhoa, a collection produced together with Senhoa, an organization helping Cambodian survivors of human trafficking. The capsule collection contained 7 unique pieces designed by Rocha and hand crafted by the survivors of human trafficking. All proceeds went directly to the Senhoa program. To help raise awareness for the cause, Rocha brought in additional models Chanel Iman, Caroline Trentini, and Behati Prinsloo. In the first of two campaigns, Iman, Trentini and Rocha were photographed by Nigel Barker.[21]
Film and television appearances[edit]
She appeared as herself in The September Issue, a fly-on-the-wall documentary film about American Vogue magazine.
Rocha hosted the 2010 MTV Video Music Awards white carpet. On October 19, 2011 she appeared as a guest judge on America's Next Top Model, where host and head judge Tyra Banks referred to her as "The Queen of Posing". The short documentary Letters to Haiti featured Rocha and fellow model Behati Prinsloo delivering supplies to Haiti after the 2010 earthquake; it was shot by Rocha's husband, James Conran. The movie premiered in Toronto in October and New York in December 2011.[22]
In 2013, Rocha was one of three coach/judges (along with Karolina Kurkova and Naomi Campbell) on the first season of the Oxygen network reality show The Face. She did not return for the second season.
Writing and online presence[edit]
Rocha wrote the foreword to Canadian fashion reporter Jeanne Beker's book Struttin It!, about the modeling profession.[23] In March 2011, Coco announced the launch of her new website.[24] The site was said to contain almost 10,000 pictures covering her entire career as a model so far.[24]
In April 2012, Rocha became the first high fashion model to have more than 1 million followers on the social media platform Google+.[25]
Awards and accolades[edit]
In October 2010, Coco Rocha was given Marie Claire's Prix d’Excellence as their model of the year at a ceremony in Paris.[26]



 Rocha modelling for Louis Vuitton
In November 2010, Rocha was awarded the Seventeen Body Peace award by Seventeen magazine. Rocha had contributed a number of articles to Seventeen on the topic of girls' body image and self-esteem.[27] On February 14, 2011 Coco was awarded the Elle Style award for 'Model of the Year' by Boy George in London.[28]
On June 16, 2011, Coco Rocha and husband James Conran both received awards for their philanthropic work at the Pay It Fashion Forward event in Manahattan, NY.[29] In 2012, Vogue Paris declared her one of the top 30 models of the 2000s.[30]
On February 1, 2014, Rocha was awarded the "Model of the Year Award" at the Canadian Arts and Fashion Awards in Toronto, Canada.[31] On April 24, 2014 she will receive the prestigious Vienna Fashion Award as Style Icon at a lavish ceremony at Vienna's Museumsquartier.
References in popular culture[edit]
Rocha was one of twenty high fashion models mentioned on Kanye West's 2010 song "Christian Dior Denim Flow".[32]
Personal life[edit]
Rocha has been a devout Jehovah's Witness since childhood, and in a 2013 interview stated that she still participates with Jehovah's Witnesses in their model of Jesus' preaching work of going preaching door-to-door to share the Bible with others. She calls herself "a Christian first and a model second", and says that due to her faith she will not pose nude, with cigarettes, nationalistic emblems or religious icons.[25]
Rocha married artist James Conran on June 9, 2010.[33] Conran later became her part-time manager.[25] On October 6, 2014, Rocha announced via her Facebook page, that she and her husband are expecting their first child, a girl, due in Spring of 2015.[34] Rocha gave birth to her daughter, Ioni James Conran, on March 28, 2015.
References[edit]
1.^ Jump up to: a b c "Coco Rocha profile". Fashion Model Directory. Retrieved 6 May 2012.
2.^ Jump up to: a b c d e "Coco Rocha rocks the runway | Irish Entertainment in Ireland and Around the World". IrishCentral. Retrieved 2012-07-03.
3.^ Jump up to: a b c "| Meet Our November Cover Star, Coco Rocha". flare.com. 2014-09-30. Retrieved 2015-02-12.
4.Jump up ^ "Coco Rocha's Career Highlights". New York Magazine. Retrieved February 5, 2015.
5.Jump up ^ "Coco Rocha – Canadian model, best known for her expressive mime and gestures. Coco Rocha is often named Queen of Posing". Millionlooks.com. Retrieved 2012-07-03.
6.Jump up ^ "Coco Rocha Biography". Askmen. Retrieved 8 July 2013.
7.Jump up ^ "Coco Rocha's Career Highlights". nymag. Retrieved 8 July 2013.
8.Jump up ^ "Magazine - Vogue". Style.com. 2012-06-28. Retrieved 2012-07-03.
9.Jump up ^ "Magazine - Vogue". Style.com. 2012-06-28. Retrieved 2012-07-03.
10.Jump up ^ Herbst, Kendall (9 May 2008). "Casting Agent James Scully's All-Time Favorite Models". New York Magazine. Retrieved 20 February 2011.
11.Jump up ^ "Coco Rocha - Fashion Model - Profile on FMD". Fashionmodeldirectory.com. Retrieved 2012-07-03.
12.Jump up ^ "Coco Rocha's fashion and style choices, day 1 (Vogue.com UK)". Vogue.co.uk. Retrieved 2012-07-03.
13.Jump up ^ Angela Puchetti. "Diet Coke by Karl". Vogue.it. Retrieved 2012-07-03.
14.Jump up ^ Heyman, Stephen (2011-09-29). "Coco Rocha's New Focus - NYTimes.com". Tmagazine.blogs.nytimes.com. Retrieved 2012-07-03.
15.Jump up ^ Odell, Amy. "Coco Rocha Has the Honor of Modeling Karl Lagerfeld’s Macy’s Line - The Cut". Nymag.com. Retrieved 2012-07-03.
16.Jump up ^ "Watch Model Coco Rocha Tap Dance for White House Black Market". luckymag.com. February 17, 2012. Retrieved 8 July 2013.
17.Jump up ^ Rocha, Coco. "My Uncensored Point Of View". oh-so-coco.tumblr.com. Retrieved 2012-07-03.
18.Jump up ^ "CFDA Panel on Skinny Models: Coco Rocha on Her Struggle - The Cut". Nymag.com. Retrieved 2012-07-03.
19.Jump up ^ "JACOB - Sans photoshop. A few months ago I... |". Oh-so-coco.tumblr.com. Retrieved 2012-07-03.
20.Jump up ^ Lauren Milligan (2011-10-12). "Coco Rocha - models too young Anderson Cooper Carre Otis (Vogue.com UK)". Vogue.co.uk. Retrieved 2012-07-03.
21.Jump up ^ "Coco Rocha Launches Jewelry Line for a Cause - Fashion Scoops - Fashion". WWD.com. 2011-11-02. Retrieved 2012-07-03.
22.Jump up ^ Rees, Alex (December 7, 2011). "Coco Rocha’s Documentary Letters to Haiti Premieres Tonight". New York Magazine. Retrieved 2013-03-12.
23.Jump up ^ Summary by: Tundra Books (2011-02-01). "Strutting It - A Book By Jeanne Beker". Fashion Television. Retrieved 2012-07-03.
24.^ Jump up to: a b Cronin, Emily (30 March 2011). "Coco fans, meet CocoRocha.com". http://www.elleuk.com/. Hearst Magazines. Retrieved 22 January 2014.
25.^ Jump up to: a b c Sadie Whitelocks (2013-01-16). "Supermodel Coco Rocha opens up about life as a devout Jehovah's Witness - and how she still preaches door-to-door". Daily Mail (London). Retrieved 2013-01-17.
26.Jump up ^ Sasha (2010-10-07). "Coco Rocha Is 'Marie Claire' France's Model of the Year - News and Pics". StyleBistro. Retrieved 2012-07-03.
27.Jump up ^ Rocha, Coco (2010-10-21). "Coco Rocha Body Image Advice". Seventeen. Retrieved 2012-07-03.
28.Jump up ^ Cronin, Emily (2011-02-14). "Coco Rocha, Best Model". Elleuk.com. Retrieved 2012-07-03.
29.Jump up ^ "4th Annual Pay It Fashion Forward presented by Fashion Delivers". charityhappenings.org. Retrieved 8 July 2013.
30.Jump up ^ "Les 30 mannequins des années 2000 | Mode| Vogue". Vogue.fr. Retrieved 2012-07-03.
31.Jump up ^ "Canadian Arts and Fashion Awards hand out inaugural prizes". The Star (Toronto).
32.Jump up ^ "MTV Style | Kanye West's "Christian Dior Denim Flow": How The Models Reacted". Style.mtv.com. 2010-10-04. Retrieved 2012-07-03.
33.Jump up ^ "Coca Rocha Ties the Knot; Thom Browne Does Womenswear; Rihanna Gets Photoshopped - The Cut". Nymag.com. Retrieved 2012-07-03.
34.Jump up ^ https://www.facebook.com/video.php?v=808605342540020&set=vb.631776700222886&type=2&theater
External links[edit]
 Wikimedia Commons has media related to Coco Rocha.
Official website
Coco Rocha at the Fashion Model Directory
Coco Rocha at Models.com
Coco Rocha at the Internet Movie Database
Coco Rocha on Twitter
Rocha's official blog
fan page https://www.facebook.com/CocoRochaWorldwide


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Categories: 1988 births
Living people
Canadian female models
Canadian people of Irish descent
Canadian people of Russian descent
Canadian people of Welsh descent
Canadian Jehovah's Witnesses
Participants in American reality television series
People from Richmond, British Columbia





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Coco Rocha

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Jump to: navigation, search


Coco Rocha
Coco Rocha 2012 Shankbone.JPG
Rocha at the 2012 Tribeca Film Festival premiere of Mansome

Born
September 10, 1988 (age 26)
Toronto, Ontario, Canada
Spouse(s)
James Conran (m. 2010)
Modeling information
Height
5 ft 10 in (1.78 m)[1]
Hair color
Brown
Eye color
Blue
Measurements
33-24-34 (US); 84-61-86.5 (EU)[1]
Dress size
4 (US); 34 (EU)[1]
Manager
ModelQuest (mother agency)
Wilhelmina Models
Storm Model Management
 Elite Milan
 Elite Copenhagen
Spot 6 Management
 UNO Barcelona
Marylin Agency
 Model Management Hamburg
 Specs Model Management
Website
www.cocorocha.com
Coco Rocha (born Mikhaila Rocha; September 10, 1988) is a Canadian model.[2]


Contents  [hide]
1 Early life
2 Career
3 Activism and charitable work
4 Film and television appearances
5 Writing and online presence
6 Awards and accolades
7 References in popular culture
8 Personal life
9 References
10 External links

Early life[edit]
Rocha was born Mikhaila Rocha in Toronto, Ontario, and grew up in Richmond, British Columbia where she attended Hugh McRoberts Secondary School.[2] Her family is in the airline industry.[2] She is of Irish and Ukrainian descent.[3]
Career[edit]
In 2002, agent Charles Stuart approached Rocha at an Irish dance competition and asked her if she would consider modelling for him. At that point, she had never thought of modelling before.[2] When she did begin to model, her knowledge of fashion was limited.[3] She eventually gained insight into the fashion world after her best friends crammed in fashion study sessions in between studying for exams.[3] Management|SUPREME]] in New York City. Her breakthrough came two years later, in January 2006, when she opened the Christian Lacroix couture show in Paris. After signing an exclusive contract with photographer Steven Meisel, she appeared in an editorial with Gemma Ward and Amanda Moore and landed the cover of the April 2006 issue of Vogue Italia.[4] The following March, she walked the Fall/Winter 2006 ready-to-wear show at New York Fashion Week, most notably for Anna Sui and Marc Jacobs. Backstage at the Anna Sui show, Rocha met model Naomi Campbell, who held her hands and told her she was "her new favourite model".[5] During Paris Fashion Week she walked for esteemed designers like Stella McCartney, Shiatzy Chen, Christian Lacroix, Emanuel Ungaro, and Marc Jacobs.[6][7]
A year later, in February 2007, Rocha opened Jean Paul Gaultier's Scottish Highlands-inspired Fall/Winter 2007 show by Irish-dancing down the runway; American Vogue dubbed this the "Coco Moment" and suggested it as a sign that the fashion industry misses the "supermodels".[8] Rocha was featured on the May 2007 issue of US Vogue with models Doutzen Kroes, Caroline Trentini, Raquel Zimmermann, Sasha Pivovarova, Agyness Deyn, Jessica Stam, Hilary Rhoda, Chanel Iman, and Lily Donaldson as the new crop of supermodels.[9] In 2008 casting agent James Scully said of Rocha:
“ I will be the first to admit I did not believe the hype, but within five seconds of meeting her, I was totally charmed and understood why everyone loves her. Some people feel her look is specific, but I find her to be the most chameleon-like of all the girls.[10] ”
Rocha has been on the covers of many top fashion magazines including American, Brazilian, Italian, Japanese, Korean and Spanish Vogue, Flare, Fashion, Numéro, French, W, Harper's Bazaar, Dazed & Confused, i-D, Time Style & Design, among others.[11]
Since her debut, Rocha has been the face of a variety of advertising campaigns including Versace, Americana Manhasset, Balenciaga, Chanel, D&G, Dior, Dolce & Gabbana, Lanvin, The Gap, Ports 1961, Tommy Hilfiger, Yves Saint Laurent, Esprit, Liz Claiborne, Calvin Klein, Nicole Farhi, DeBeers, Zac Posen, and Rimmel. She has appeared in editorials for American, Italian, Korean, French, Russian, Spanish, Brazilian, Japanese, Mexican, and British Vogue, British, Canadian, Czech, French, Quebec, and Italian Elle V, W, French, Korean, and Japanese Numéro, British and Japanese Dazed & Confused, i-D, Time Style & Design, and Ukrainian, Russian, Korean, and American Harpers Bazaar.[2]
In July 2010, Rocha appeared on the Vogue website daily for an entire month in a feature named "Today I'm Wearing".[12] The following month, Rocha appeared on a billboard in Times Square for an ad campaign with Marie Claire magazine in partnership with Project Runway in which she modeled a contestant's winning design.
In spring of 2011, it was announced that Rocha would again be the face of a limited edition Karl Lagerfeld designed Coco Cola light campaign. She previously collaborated with Lagerfeld and Coca-Cola in 2010.[13] In July 2011, Coco Rocha became the first high fashion model to be photographed by the Lytro Camera, the camera takes what the company calls a “living picture,” meaning that it captures enough visual information in a single exposure so that the focus and zoom can be adjusted even after the picture is taken. Rocha said she reached out to the company after reading about them on the website Mashable.[14]
In August 2011, it was announced that Rocha would be the face of an upcoming Karl Lagerfeld for Macy's collection.[15] In mid-February 2012, Coco appeared in a commercial for White House Black Market created by New York advertising agency Ceft and Company in which she was featured tap-dancing.[16]
Activism and charitable work[edit]
Rocha is one of the few models who has spoken out against the prevalence of eating disorders in the modelling industry. In an open letter to The New York Times on her blog, she wrote, "How can any person justify an aesthetic that reduces a woman or child to an emaciated skeleton? Is it art? Surely fashion's aesthetic should enhance and beautify the human form, not destroy it."[17] In an email to the Associated Press, she wrote: "I'll never forget the piece of advice I got from people in the industry when they saw my new body ... They said, 'You need to lose more weight. The look this year is anorexia. We don't want you to be anorexic but that's what we want you to look like.'[18]
In June 2011, Coco announced a partnership with Canadian fashion retailer Jacob for a "Photoshop-free" campaign. On her blog Rocha said she hoped the shoot could "balance the scales a little by pulling so far back from what has been the current trend of total digital model manipulation."[19]
On October 11, 2011 Coco Rocha appeared on Anderson Cooper's daytime television show Anderson, where she said models are scouted too young and put under pressure to stay thin and behave unnaturally, while they are "still minors".[20]
On November 1, 2011 Coco launched Coco Rocha for Senhoa, a collection produced together with Senhoa, an organization helping Cambodian survivors of human trafficking. The capsule collection contained 7 unique pieces designed by Rocha and hand crafted by the survivors of human trafficking. All proceeds went directly to the Senhoa program. To help raise awareness for the cause, Rocha brought in additional models Chanel Iman, Caroline Trentini, and Behati Prinsloo. In the first of two campaigns, Iman, Trentini and Rocha were photographed by Nigel Barker.[21]
Film and television appearances[edit]
She appeared as herself in The September Issue, a fly-on-the-wall documentary film about American Vogue magazine.
Rocha hosted the 2010 MTV Video Music Awards white carpet. On October 19, 2011 she appeared as a guest judge on America's Next Top Model, where host and head judge Tyra Banks referred to her as "The Queen of Posing". The short documentary Letters to Haiti featured Rocha and fellow model Behati Prinsloo delivering supplies to Haiti after the 2010 earthquake; it was shot by Rocha's husband, James Conran. The movie premiered in Toronto in October and New York in December 2011.[22]
In 2013, Rocha was one of three coach/judges (along with Karolina Kurkova and Naomi Campbell) on the first season of the Oxygen network reality show The Face. She did not return for the second season.
Writing and online presence[edit]
Rocha wrote the foreword to Canadian fashion reporter Jeanne Beker's book Struttin It!, about the modeling profession.[23] In March 2011, Coco announced the launch of her new website.[24] The site was said to contain almost 10,000 pictures covering her entire career as a model so far.[24]
In April 2012, Rocha became the first high fashion model to have more than 1 million followers on the social media platform Google+.[25]
Awards and accolades[edit]
In October 2010, Coco Rocha was given Marie Claire's Prix d’Excellence as their model of the year at a ceremony in Paris.[26]



 Rocha modelling for Louis Vuitton
In November 2010, Rocha was awarded the Seventeen Body Peace award by Seventeen magazine. Rocha had contributed a number of articles to Seventeen on the topic of girls' body image and self-esteem.[27] On February 14, 2011 Coco was awarded the Elle Style award for 'Model of the Year' by Boy George in London.[28]
On June 16, 2011, Coco Rocha and husband James Conran both received awards for their philanthropic work at the Pay It Fashion Forward event in Manahattan, NY.[29] In 2012, Vogue Paris declared her one of the top 30 models of the 2000s.[30]
On February 1, 2014, Rocha was awarded the "Model of the Year Award" at the Canadian Arts and Fashion Awards in Toronto, Canada.[31] On April 24, 2014 she will receive the prestigious Vienna Fashion Award as Style Icon at a lavish ceremony at Vienna's Museumsquartier.
References in popular culture[edit]
Rocha was one of twenty high fashion models mentioned on Kanye West's 2010 song "Christian Dior Denim Flow".[32]
Personal life[edit]
Rocha has been a devout Jehovah's Witness since childhood, and in a 2013 interview stated that she still participates with Jehovah's Witnesses in their model of Jesus' preaching work of going preaching door-to-door to share the Bible with others. She calls herself "a Christian first and a model second", and says that due to her faith she will not pose nude, with cigarettes, nationalistic emblems or religious icons.[25]
Rocha married artist James Conran on June 9, 2010.[33] Conran later became her part-time manager.[25] On October 6, 2014, Rocha announced via her Facebook page, that she and her husband are expecting their first child, a girl, due in Spring of 2015.[34] Rocha gave birth to her daughter, Ioni James Conran, on March 28, 2015.
References[edit]
1.^ Jump up to: a b c "Coco Rocha profile". Fashion Model Directory. Retrieved 6 May 2012.
2.^ Jump up to: a b c d e "Coco Rocha rocks the runway | Irish Entertainment in Ireland and Around the World". IrishCentral. Retrieved 2012-07-03.
3.^ Jump up to: a b c "| Meet Our November Cover Star, Coco Rocha". flare.com. 2014-09-30. Retrieved 2015-02-12.
4.Jump up ^ "Coco Rocha's Career Highlights". New York Magazine. Retrieved February 5, 2015.
5.Jump up ^ "Coco Rocha – Canadian model, best known for her expressive mime and gestures. Coco Rocha is often named Queen of Posing". Millionlooks.com. Retrieved 2012-07-03.
6.Jump up ^ "Coco Rocha Biography". Askmen. Retrieved 8 July 2013.
7.Jump up ^ "Coco Rocha's Career Highlights". nymag. Retrieved 8 July 2013.
8.Jump up ^ "Magazine - Vogue". Style.com. 2012-06-28. Retrieved 2012-07-03.
9.Jump up ^ "Magazine - Vogue". Style.com. 2012-06-28. Retrieved 2012-07-03.
10.Jump up ^ Herbst, Kendall (9 May 2008). "Casting Agent James Scully's All-Time Favorite Models". New York Magazine. Retrieved 20 February 2011.
11.Jump up ^ "Coco Rocha - Fashion Model - Profile on FMD". Fashionmodeldirectory.com. Retrieved 2012-07-03.
12.Jump up ^ "Coco Rocha's fashion and style choices, day 1 (Vogue.com UK)". Vogue.co.uk. Retrieved 2012-07-03.
13.Jump up ^ Angela Puchetti. "Diet Coke by Karl". Vogue.it. Retrieved 2012-07-03.
14.Jump up ^ Heyman, Stephen (2011-09-29). "Coco Rocha's New Focus - NYTimes.com". Tmagazine.blogs.nytimes.com. Retrieved 2012-07-03.
15.Jump up ^ Odell, Amy. "Coco Rocha Has the Honor of Modeling Karl Lagerfeld’s Macy’s Line - The Cut". Nymag.com. Retrieved 2012-07-03.
16.Jump up ^ "Watch Model Coco Rocha Tap Dance for White House Black Market". luckymag.com. February 17, 2012. Retrieved 8 July 2013.
17.Jump up ^ Rocha, Coco. "My Uncensored Point Of View". oh-so-coco.tumblr.com. Retrieved 2012-07-03.
18.Jump up ^ "CFDA Panel on Skinny Models: Coco Rocha on Her Struggle - The Cut". Nymag.com. Retrieved 2012-07-03.
19.Jump up ^ "JACOB - Sans photoshop. A few months ago I... |". Oh-so-coco.tumblr.com. Retrieved 2012-07-03.
20.Jump up ^ Lauren Milligan (2011-10-12). "Coco Rocha - models too young Anderson Cooper Carre Otis (Vogue.com UK)". Vogue.co.uk. Retrieved 2012-07-03.
21.Jump up ^ "Coco Rocha Launches Jewelry Line for a Cause - Fashion Scoops - Fashion". WWD.com. 2011-11-02. Retrieved 2012-07-03.
22.Jump up ^ Rees, Alex (December 7, 2011). "Coco Rocha’s Documentary Letters to Haiti Premieres Tonight". New York Magazine. Retrieved 2013-03-12.
23.Jump up ^ Summary by: Tundra Books (2011-02-01). "Strutting It - A Book By Jeanne Beker". Fashion Television. Retrieved 2012-07-03.
24.^ Jump up to: a b Cronin, Emily (30 March 2011). "Coco fans, meet CocoRocha.com". http://www.elleuk.com/. Hearst Magazines. Retrieved 22 January 2014.
25.^ Jump up to: a b c Sadie Whitelocks (2013-01-16). "Supermodel Coco Rocha opens up about life as a devout Jehovah's Witness - and how she still preaches door-to-door". Daily Mail (London). Retrieved 2013-01-17.
26.Jump up ^ Sasha (2010-10-07). "Coco Rocha Is 'Marie Claire' France's Model of the Year - News and Pics". StyleBistro. Retrieved 2012-07-03.
27.Jump up ^ Rocha, Coco (2010-10-21). "Coco Rocha Body Image Advice". Seventeen. Retrieved 2012-07-03.
28.Jump up ^ Cronin, Emily (2011-02-14). "Coco Rocha, Best Model". Elleuk.com. Retrieved 2012-07-03.
29.Jump up ^ "4th Annual Pay It Fashion Forward presented by Fashion Delivers". charityhappenings.org. Retrieved 8 July 2013.
30.Jump up ^ "Les 30 mannequins des années 2000 | Mode| Vogue". Vogue.fr. Retrieved 2012-07-03.
31.Jump up ^ "Canadian Arts and Fashion Awards hand out inaugural prizes". The Star (Toronto).
32.Jump up ^ "MTV Style | Kanye West's "Christian Dior Denim Flow": How The Models Reacted". Style.mtv.com. 2010-10-04. Retrieved 2012-07-03.
33.Jump up ^ "Coca Rocha Ties the Knot; Thom Browne Does Womenswear; Rihanna Gets Photoshopped - The Cut". Nymag.com. Retrieved 2012-07-03.
34.Jump up ^ https://www.facebook.com/video.php?v=808605342540020&set=vb.631776700222886&type=2&theater
External links[edit]
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Coco Rocha at the Internet Movie Database
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Rocha's official blog
fan page https://www.facebook.com/CocoRochaWorldwide


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Prince (musician)

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Jump to: navigation, search


Prince
Prince at Coachella 001.jpg
Prince performing in 2008

Background information

Birth name
Prince Roger Nelson [1]
Also known as
Jamie Starr ·
 Christopher ·
 Alexander Nevermind ·
 The Purple One ·
 Joey Coco ·
 Prince logo.svg ·
 The artist formerly known as Prince
 
Born
June 7, 1958 (age 56)
Minneapolis, Minnesota, U.S.
Genres
Funk ·
 R&B ·
 rock ·
 pop ·
 new wave ·
 Minneapolis sound ·
 synthpop
 
Occupation(s)
Singer-songwriter ·
 multi-instrumentalist ·
 record producer ·
 dancer ·
 actor ·
 film director
 
Instruments
Vocals ·
 guitar ·
 keyboards ·
 Linn Drum
 
Years active
1976–present
Labels
Warner Bros. ·
 Paisley Park ·
 NPG ·
 EMI ·
 Columbia ·
 Arista ·
 Universal
 
Associated acts
The Revolution ·
 Wendy & Lisa ·
 The New Power Generation ·
 The Time ·
 Morris Day ·
 Sheila E. ·
 Vanity 6 ·
 Apollonia 6 ·
 Mazarati ·
 The Family ·
 94 East ·
 Madhouse ·
 Andy Allo ·
 3rdeyegirl
 
Prince Roger Nelson (born June 7, 1958), known by his mononym Prince, is an American singer-songwriter, multi-instrumentalist, and actor. A major figure in popular music for over three decades, Prince is renowned as an innovator and is widely-known for his eclectic work, flamboyant stage presence and wide vocal range. Widely regarded as the pioneer of Minneapolis sound, Prince's music combines rock, R&B, soul, funk, hip hop, disco, psychedelia, jazz, and pop.
Born in Minneapolis, Minnesota, Prince developed an interest in music at an early age, writing his first song at age seven. After recording songs with his cousin's band 94 East, 19-year-old Prince recorded several unsuccessful demo tapes before releasing his debut album, For You, in 1978 under the guidance of Manager Owen Husney. His 1979 album, Prince, went platinum due to the success of the singles "Why You Wanna Treat Me So Bad?" and "I Wanna Be Your Lover". His next three records, Dirty Mind (1980), Controversy (1981) and 1999 (1982), continued his success, showcasing Prince's trademark of prominently sexual lyrics and incorporation of elements of funk, dance and rock music. In 1984, he began referring to his backup band as the Revolution and released Purple Rain, which served as the soundtrack to his film debut of the same name.
After releasing the albums Around the World in a Day (1985) and Parade (1986), The Revolution disbanded and Prince released the critically acclaimed double album Sign "O" the Times (1987) as a solo artist. He released three more solo albums before debuting The New Power Generation band in 1991. After changing his stage name to an unpronounceable symbol (Prince logo.svg), also known as the "Love Symbol", in 1993, he began releasing new albums at a faster pace to remove himself from contractual obligations to Warner Bros; he released five records between 1994 and 1996 before signing with Arista Records in 1998. In 2000, he began referring to himself as "Prince" once again. He has released fourteen albums since then, including his latest, Art Official Age, released on September 30, 2014.
Prince has sold over 100 million records worldwide, making him one of the best-selling artists of all time.[2] He has won seven Grammy Awards[3] a Golden Globe,[4] and an Academy Award.[5] He was inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame in 2004, the first year of his eligibility.[6] Rolling Stone has ranked Prince at number 27 on its list of the 100 Greatest Artists of All Time.[7]


Contents  [hide]
1 Early life
2 Career 2.1 1975–84: Beginnings and breakthrough
2.2 1984–87: The Revolution, Purple Rain and subsequent releases
2.3 1987–91: Solo again, Sign "O" the Times and spiritual rebirth
2.4 1991–94: The New Power Generation, Diamonds and Pearls and name change
2.5 1994–2000: Increased output and The Gold Experience
2.6 2000–06: Turnaround, Musicology, label change and 3121
2.7 2007–10: Super Bowl XLI, Planet Earth and LOtUSFLOW3R
2.8 2010–12: 20Ten and The Welcome 2 Tours
2.9 2013–present: 3rdeyegirl and return to Warner Bros.
3 Personal life
4 Multi-instrumental abilities
5 Stage names
6 Copyright issues
7 Discography
8 Filmography
9 Tours
10 Awards and nominations 10.1 Grammy Awards
10.2 MTV Video Music Awards
10.3 Academy Awards
11 See also
12 References
13 Further reading
14 External links

Early life
Prince was born in Minneapolis, Minnesota, the son of Mattie Della (Shaw) and John Lewis Nelson.[8] His parents were both African-American[8] and his family ancestry is centered in Louisiana, with all four of his grandparents hailing from the state.[9][10] Prince's father was a pianist and songwriter and his mother was a jazz singer. Prince was named after his father, whose stage name was Prince Rogers, and who performed with a jazz group called the Prince Rogers Trio. In a 1991 interview with A Current Affair, Prince's father said that "I named my son Prince because I wanted him to do everything I wanted to do".[11] Prince's childhood nickname was Skipper.[12]
In a PBS interview, Prince told Tavis Smiley that he was "born epileptic" and "used to have seizures" when he was young. During the interview, he also said: "My mother told me one day I walked in to her and said, 'Mom, I'm not going to be sick anymore,' and she said, 'Why?' and I said, 'Because an angel told me so'."[13]
Prince's sister Tika Evene (usually called Tyka) was born in 1960.[14] Both siblings developed a keen interest in music, and this was encouraged by their father.[15] Prince wrote his first tune, "Funk Machine", on his father's piano when he was seven.[15] When Prince was ten years old, his parents separated. Following the separation, Prince constantly switched homes, sometimes living with his father, and sometimes with his mother and stepfather.[15] Finally he moved into the home of neighbors, the Andersons, and befriended their son, Andre Anderson, who later became known as André Cymone.[16]
Prince and Anderson joined Prince's cousin, Charles Smith, in a band called Grand Central while they were attending Minneapolis's Central High School. Smith was later replaced by Morris Day on the drums. Prince played piano and guitar for the band which performed at clubs and parties in the Minneapolis area. Grand Central later changed its name to Champagne and started playing original music influenced by Sly & the Family Stone, James Brown, Earth, Wind & Fire, Miles Davis, Parliament-Funkadelic, Carlos Santana, Jimi Hendrix, and Todd Rundgren.[17] Prince also played basketball in high school.[18]
Career
1975–84: Beginnings and breakthrough
In 1975, Pepe Willie, the husband of Prince's cousin, Shauntel, formed the band 94 East with Marcy Ingvoldstad and Kristie Lazenberry. Willie hired André Cymone and Prince to record tracks with 94 East. Those songs were written by Willie and Prince contributed guitar tracks. Prince also co-wrote, with Willie, the 94 East song, "Just Another Sucker". The band recorded tracks which later became the album Minneapolis Genius – The Historic 1977 Recordings. Prince also recorded, but never released, a song written by Willie, "If You See Me" (also known as, "Do Yourself a Favor"). In 1995, Willie released the album 94 East featuring Prince, Symbolic Beginning, which included original recordings by Prince and Cymone.
In 1976, Prince created a demo tape with producer Chris Moon in Moon's Minneapolis studio. Unable to secure a recording contract, Moon brought the tape to Owen Husney, a Minneapolis businessman. Husney signed Prince, at the age of 17, to a management contract and helped Prince create a demo recording at Sound 80 Studios in Minneapolis using producer/engineer David Z. The demo recording, along with a press kit produced at Husney's ad agency, resulted in interest from several record companies including Warner Bros. Records, A&M Records, and Columbia Records.
With the help of Husney, Prince signed a recording contract with Warner Bros.. The record company agreed to give Prince creative control for three albums and ownership of the publishing rights.[citation needed] Husney and Prince then left Minneapolis and moved to Sausalito, California where Prince's first album, For You, was recorded at Record Plant Studios. Subsequently, the album was mixed in Los Angeles and released in on April 7, 1978.[19] According to the For You album notes, Prince produced, arranged, composed and played all 27 instruments on the recording. The album was written and performed by Prince, except for the song "Soft and Wet" which had lyrics co-written by Moon. The cost of recording the album was twice Prince's initial advance. Prince used the Prince's Music Co. to publish his songs. "Soft and Wet" reached No. 12 on the Hot Soul Singles chart and No. 92 on the Billboard Hot 100. The song "Just as Long as We're Together" reached No. 91 on the Hot Soul Singles chart.



 Ticket to Prince's first performance with his band in January 1979
In 1979, Prince created a band that included André Cymone on bass, Dez Dickerson on guitar, Gayle Chapman and Doctor Fink on keyboards, and Bobby Z. on drums. Their first show was at the Capri Theater on January 5, 1979. Warner Bros. executives attended the show but decided that Prince and the band needed more time to develop his music.[20] In October 1979, Prince released a self-titled album, Prince, which was No. 4 on the Billboard Top R&B/Black Albums charts, and No. 22 on the Billboard 200, going platinum. It contained two R&B hits: "Why You Wanna Treat Me So Bad?" and "I Wanna Be Your Lover". "I Wanna Be Your Lover" sold over a million copies, and reached No. 11 on the Billboard Hot 100, and No. 1 for two weeks on the Hot Soul Singles chart. Prince performed both these songs on January 26, 1980, on American Bandstand. On this album, Prince used Ecnirp Music – BMI.[21]
In 1980, Prince released the album, Dirty Mind, which he recorded in his own studio. The album was certified gold and the attendant single "Uptown" reached No. 5 on the Billboard Dance chart and No. 5 on the Hot Soul Singles charts. Prince was also the opening act for Rick James' 1980 Fire It Up tour. Dirty Mind contained sexually explicit material, including the title song, "Head", and the song "Sister". In February 1981, Prince made his first appearance on Saturday Night Live, performing "Partyup". In October 1981, Prince released the album, Controversy. He played several dates in support of it, at first as one of the opening acts for the Rolling Stones, who were then on tour in the US. He began 1982 with a small tour of college towns where he was the headlining act. The songs on Controversy were published by Controversy Music[22] – ASCAP, a practice he continued until the Emancipation album in 1996. Controversy also marked the introduction of Prince's use of abbreviated spelling, such as spelling the words you as U, to as 2, and for as 4, as indicated by the inclusion of the track "Jack U Off". (His earlier song titles had used conventional spelling.)[23] By 2002, MTV.com noted that "[n]ow all of his titles, liner notes and Web postings are written in his own shorthand spelling, as seen on 1999's Rave Un2 the Joy Fantastic, which featured 'Hot Wit U.'"[24]
In 1981, Prince formed a side project band called the Time. The band released four albums between 1981 and 1990, with Prince writing and performing most of the instrumentation and backing vocals, with lead vocals by Morris Day.[citation needed] In late 1982, Prince released a double album, 1999, which sold over three million copies.[25] The title track was a protest against nuclear proliferation and became his first top ten hit in countries outside the US. Prince's "Little Red Corvette" was one of the first two videos by a black artist played in heavy rotation on MTV, along with Michael Jackson's "Billie Jean".[26] The song "Delirious" also placed in the top ten on the Billboard Hot 100 chart.
1984–87: The Revolution, Purple Rain and subsequent releases
During this period Prince referred to his band as the Revolution. The band's name was also printed, in reverse, on the cover of 1999 inside the letter "I" of the word "Prince". The band consisted of Lisa Coleman and Doctor Fink on keyboards, Bobby Z. on drums, Brown Mark on bass, and Dez Dickerson on guitar. Jill Jones, a backing singer, was also part of The Revolution line up for the 1999 album and tour. Following the 1999 Tour, Dickerson left the group for religious reasons. In the 2003 book Possessed: The Rise and Fall of Prince, author Alex Hahn says that Dickerson was reluctant to sign a three-year contract and wanted to pursue other musical ventures. Dickerson was replaced by Wendy Melvoin, a childhood friend of Coleman. At first the band was used sparsely in the studio but this gradually changed during the mid-1980s.[citation needed]
Prince's 1984 album Purple Rain sold more than 13 million copies in the US and spent 24 consecutive weeks at No. 1 on the Billboard 200 chart. The film of the same name won an Academy Award and grossed more than $80 million in the US.[27]



 Prince performing in Brussels during the Hit N Run Tour in 1986
Songs from the film were hits on pop charts around the world, while "When Doves Cry" and "Let's Go Crazy" reached No. 1 and the title track reached No. 2 on the Billboard Hot 100. At one point in 1984, Prince simultaneously had the No. 1 album, single, and film in the US; it was the first time a singer had achieved this feat.[28] Prince won the Academy Award for Best Original Song Score for Purple Rain, and the album is ranked 72nd Rolling Stone's 500 Greatest Albums of All Time.[29] The album is included on the list of Time magazine's All-Time 100 Albums.[30] After Tipper Gore heard her 12-year-old daughter Karenna listening to Prince's song "Darling Nikki", she founded the Parents Music Resource Center.[31] The center advocates the mandatory use of a warning label ("Parental Advisory: Explicit Lyrics") on the covers of records that have been judged to contain language or lyrical content unsuitable for minors. The recording industry later voluntarily complied with this request.[32] Of what is considered the Filthy Fifteen Prince's compositions appear no. 1 and no. 2, with the fourth position occupied by his protégée Vanity.[33]
In 1985, Prince announced that he would discontinue live performances and music videos after the release of his next album. His subsequent recording Around the World in a Day held the No. 1 spot on the Billboard 200 for three weeks. In 1986 his album Parade reached No. 3 on the Billboard 200 and No. 2 on the R&B charts. The first single, "Kiss", with the video choreographed by Louis Falco, reached No. 1 on the Billboard Hot 100. The song was originally written for a side project called Mazarati. That same year the song "Manic Monday", which was written by Prince and recorded by The Bangles, reached No. 2 on the Hot 100 chart. The album Parade served as the soundtrack for Prince's second film, Under the Cherry Moon. Prince directed and starred in the movie, which also featured Kristin Scott Thomas. He received the Golden Raspberry Award for his efforts in acting and directing.[34]
In 1986, Prince began a series of sporadic live performances called the Hit n Run – Parade Tour. After the tour Prince abolished The Revolution, fired Wendy & Lisa and replaced Bobby Z. with Sheila E. Brown Mark quit the band while keyboardist Doctor Fink remained. Prince then recruited new band members Miko Weaver on guitar, Atlanta Bliss on trumpet, Eric Leeds on saxophone, Boni Boyer on keyboards, Levi Seacer, Jr. on bass and dancer Cat Glover.[citation needed]
1987–91: Solo again, Sign "O" the Times and spiritual rebirth
Prior to the disbanding of The Revolution, Prince was working on two separate projects, The Revolution album Dream Factory and a solo effort, Camille.[35] Unlike the three previous band albums, Dream Factory included significant input from the band members and even featured a number of songs with lead vocals by Wendy & Lisa,[35] while the Camille project saw Prince create a new persona primarily singing in a speeded-up, female-sounding voice. With the dismissal of The Revolution, Prince consolidated material from both shelved albums, along with some new songs, into a three-LP album to be titled Crystal Ball.[36] However, Warner Bros. forced Prince to trim the triple album to a double album and Sign "O" the Times was released on March 31, 1987.[37]
The album peaked at No.6 on the Billboard 200 albums chart.[37] The first single, "Sign o' the Times", would chart at No. 3 on the Hot 100.[38] The follow-up single, "If I Was Your Girlfriend" charted poorly at No. 67 on the Hot 100, but went to No.12 on R&B chart.[38] The third single, a duet with Sheena Easton, "U Got the Look" charted at No. 2 on the Hot 100, No. 11 on the R&B chart,[38] and the final single "I Could Never Take the Place of Your Man" finished at No.10 on Hot 100 and No.14 on the R&B chart.[38]
Despite receiving the greatest critical acclaim of any album in Prince's career, including being named the top album of the year by the Pazz & Jop critics' poll, and eventually selling 3.2 million copies, album sales steadily declined.[39] In Europe, however, it performed well and Prince promoted the album overseas with a lengthy tour. Putting together a new backing band from the remnants of The Revolution, Prince added bassist Levi Seacer, Jr., Boni Boyer on keyboards, and dancer/choreographer Cat Glover to go with new drummer Sheila E. and holdovers Miko Weaver, Doctor Fink, Eric Leeds, Atlanta Bliss, and the Bodyguards (Jerome, Wally Safford, and Greg Brooks) for the Sign o' the Times Tour.
The tour was a success overseas, with Warner Bros. and Prince's managers wanting to bring it to the US to resuscitate sagging sales of Sign "O" the Times;[40][41] however, Prince balked at a full US tour, as he was ready to produce a new album.[40] As a compromise the last two nights of the tour were filmed for release in movie theaters. The film quality was deemed subpar and reshoots were performed at his Paisley Park studios.[40] The film Sign o' the Times was released on November 20, 1987. Much like the album, the film garnered more critical praise than the previous year's Under the Cherry Moon; however, its box-office receipts were minimal, and it quickly left theaters.[41]
The next album intended for release was to be The Black Album.[42] More instrumental and funk and R&B themed than recent releases,[43] The Black Album also saw Prince experiment with hip hop music on the songs "Bob George" and "Dead on It". Prince was set to release the album with a monochromatic black cover with only the catalog number printed, but after 500,000 copies had been pressed,[44] Prince had a spiritual epiphany that the album was evil and had it recalled.[45] It would later be released by Warner Bros. as a limited edition album in 1994. Prince went back in the studio for eight weeks and recorded Lovesexy.
Released on May 10, 1988, Lovesexy serves as a spiritual opposite to the dark The Black Album.[46] Every song is a solo effort by Prince, with exception of "Eye No" which was recorded with his backing band at the time, dubbed the "Lovesexy Band" by fans. Lovesexy would reach No. 11 on the Billboard 200 and No. 5 on the R&B albums chart.[47] The lead single, "Alphabet St.", peaked at No. 8 on the Hot 100 and No. 3 on the R&B chart,[37] but finished with only selling 750,000 copies.[48]
Prince again took his post-Revolution backing band (minus the Bodyguards) on a three leg, 84-show Lovesexy World Tour; although the shows were well received by huge crowds, they lost money due to the expensive sets and incorporated props.[49][50]



 Prince performing during his Nude Tour in 1990
In 1989, Prince appeared on Madonna's studio album Like a Prayer, co-writing and singing the duet "Love Song" and playing electric guitar (uncredited) on the songs "Like a Prayer", "Keep It Together", and "Act of Contrition". He also began work on a number of musical projects, including Rave Unto the Joy Fantastic and early drafts of his Graffiti Bridge film,[51][52] but both were put on hold when he was asked by Batman director Tim Burton to record several songs for the upcoming live-action adaptation. Prince went into the studio and produced an entire nine-track album that Warner Bros. released on June 20, 1989. Batman peaked at No.1 on the Billboard 200,[53] selling 4.3 million copies.[54] The single "Batdance" topped the Billboard and R&B charts.[37]
Additionally, the single "The Arms of Orion" with Sheena Easton charted at No. 36, and "Partyman" (also featuring the vocals of Prince's then-girlfriend, nicknamed Anna Fantastic) charted at No. 18 on the Hot 100 and at No. 5 on the R&B chart, while the love ballad "Scandalous!" went to No. 5 on the R&B chart.[37] However, he did have to sign away all publishing rights to the songs on the album to Warner Bros. as part of the deal to do the soundtrack.
In 1990, Prince went back on tour with a revamped band for his stripped down, back-to-basics Nude Tour. With the departures of Boni Boyer, Sheila E., the horns, and Cat, Prince brought in Rosie Gaines on keys, drummer Michael Bland, and dancing trio The Game Boyz (Tony M., Kirky J., and Damon Dickson). The European and Japanese tour was a financial success with its short, greatest hits setlist.[55] As the year progressed, Prince finished production on his fourth film, Graffiti Bridge, and the album of the same name. Initially, Warner Bros. was reluctant to fund the film, but with Prince's assurances it would be a sequel to Purple Rain as well as the involvement of the original members of The Time, the studio greenlit the project.[56] Released on August 20, 1990, the album reached No. 6 on the Billboard 200 and R&B albums chart.[57] The single "Thieves in the Temple" reaching No. 6 on the Hot 100 and No. 1 on the R&B chart.[37] Also from that album, "Round and Round" placed at No. 12 on the US charts and No. 2 on the R&B charts. The song featured the teenage Tevin Campbell (who also had a role in the film) on lead vocals. The film, released on November 20, 1990, was a critical and box-office flop, grossing just $4.2 million.[58] After the release of the film and album, the last remaining members of The Revolution, Miko Weaver and Doctor Fink, left Prince's band.
1991–94: The New Power Generation, Diamonds and Pearls and name change



 Prince's Yellow Cloud Guitar at the Smithsonian Castle. Prince can be seen playing this guitar in the "Gett Off" video.
1991 marked the debut of Prince's new band, the New Power Generation. With guitarist Miko Weaver and long-time keyboardist Doctor Fink gone, Prince added bass player Sonny T., Tommy Barbarella on keyboards, and a brass section known as the Hornheads to go along with Levi Seacer (taking over on guitar), Rosie Gaines, Michael Bland, and the Game Boyz. With significant input from his band members, Diamonds and Pearls was released on October 1, 1991. Reaching No. 3 on the Billboard 200 album chart,[59] Diamonds and Pearls saw four hit singles released in the United States. "Gett Off" peaked at No. 21 on the Hot 100 and No. 6 on the R&B charts, followed by "Cream", which gave Prince his fifth US No. 1 single. The title track "Diamonds and Pearls" became the album's third single, reaching No. 3 on the Hot 100 and the top spot on the R&B charts. "Money Don't Matter 2 Night" peaked at No. 23 and No. 14 on the Hot 100 and R&B charts respectively.[60]
1992 saw Prince and The New Power Generation release his 12th album, Love Symbol Album,[61] bearing only an unpronounceable symbol on the cover (later copyrighted as Love Symbol #2).[62] The album, generally referred to as the Love Symbol Album, would peak at No. 5 on the Billboard 200.[63] While the label wanted "7" to be the first single, Prince fought to have "My Name Is Prince" as he "felt that the song's more hip-hoppery would appeal to the same audience" that had purchased the previous album.[64] Prince got his way but "My Name Is Prince" only managed to reach No. 36 on the Billboard Hot 100 and No. 23 on the R&B chart. The follow-up single "Sexy MF" fared worse, charting at No. 66 on the Hot 100 and No. 76 on the R&B chart. The label's preferred lead single choice "7" would be the album's lone top ten hit, reaching No. 7.[60] 'Love Symbol Album' would go on to sell 2.8 million copies worldwide.[64]

Logo. Hollow circle above downward arrow crossed with a curlicued horn-shaped symbol and then a short bar

 The unpronounceable symbol (later dubbed "Love Symbol #2")
After two failed attempts in 1990 and 1991,[65] Warner Bros. finally released a greatest hits compilation with the three-disc The Hits/The B-Sides in 1993. The first two discs were also sold separately as The Hits 1 and The Hits 2. In addition to featuring the majority of Prince's hit singles (with the exception of "Batdance" and other songs that appeared on the Batman soundtrack), The Hits includes an array of previously hard-to-find recordings, notably B-sides spanning the majority of Prince's career, as well as a handful of previously unreleased tracks such as the Revolution-recorded "Power Fantastic" and a live recording of "Nothing Compares 2 U" with Rosie Gaines. Two new songs, "Pink Cashmere" and "Peach", were chosen as promotional singles to accompany the compilation album.
1993 also marked the year in which Prince changed his stage name to the Love Symbol (see left), which was explained as a combination of the symbols for male (♂) and female (♀).[62] In order to use the symbol in print media, Warner Bros. had to organize a mass mailing of floppy disks with a custom font.[66] Because the symbol had no stated pronunciation, he was often referred to as "The Artist Formerly Known as Prince", TAFKAP, and "The Artist".
1994–2000: Increased output and The Gold Experience
In 1994, Prince's attitude towards his artistic output underwent a notable shift. He began to view releasing albums in quick succession as a means of ejecting himself from his contractual obligations to Warner Bros. The label, he believed, was intent on limiting his artistic freedom by insisting that he release albums more sporadically. He also blamed Warner Bros. for the poor commercial performance of the Love Symbol Album, claiming that it was insufficiently marketed by Warner. It was out of these developments that the aborted The Black Album was officially released, approximately seven years after its initial recording and near-release. The "new" release, which was already in wide circulation as a bootleg, sold relatively poorly.
Following that disappointing venture, Warner Bros. succumbed to Prince's wishes to release an album of new material, to be entitled Come. When Come was eventually released, it confirmed all of Warner's fears. It became Prince's poorest-selling album to date, struggling to even shift 500,000 copies. Even more frustrating was the fact that Prince insisted on crediting the album to "Prince 1958–1993".
Prince pushed to have his next album The Gold Experience released simultaneously with Love Symbol-era material. Warner Bros. allowed the single "The Most Beautiful Girl in the World" to be released via a small, independent distributor, Bellmark Records, in February 1994. The release was successful, reaching No. 3 on the US Billboard Hot 100 and No. 1 in many other countries, but it would not prove to be a model for subsequent releases. Warner Bros. still resisted releasing The Gold Experience, fearing poor sales and citing "market saturation" as a defense. When eventually released in September 1995, The Gold Experience failed to sell well, although it reached the top 10 of the Billboard 200 initially, and many reviewed it as Prince's best effort since Sign "O" the Times. The album is now out-of-print. Chaos and Disorder, released in 1996, was Prince's final album of new material for Warner Bros., as well as one of his least commercially successful releases. Prince attempted a major comeback later that year when, free of any further contractual obligations to Warner Bros., he released Emancipation, a 36-song, 3-CD set (each disc was exactly 60 minutes long). The album was released via his own NPG Records with distribution through EMI. To publish his songs on Emancipation, Prince did not use Controversy Music – ASCAP, which he had used for all his records since 1981, but rather used Emancipated Music Inc.[67] – ASCAP.
Certified Platinum by the RIAA, Emancipation is the first record featuring covers by Prince of songs of other artists: Joan Osborne's top ten hit song of 1995 "One of Us";[68] "Betcha by Golly Wow!" (written by Thomas Randolf Bell and Linda Creed);[69] "I Can't Make You Love Me" (written by James Allen Shamblin II and Michael Barry Reid);[70] and "La-La (Means I Love You)" (written by Thomas Randolf Bell and William Hart).[71]
Prince released Crystal Ball, a five-CD collection of unreleased material, in 1998. The distribution of this album was disorderly, with some fans pre-ordering the album on his website up to a year before it was eventually shipped to them; these pre-orders were eventually delivered months after the record had gone on sale in retail stores. The retail edition has only four discs, as it is missing the Kamasutra disc. There are also two different packaging editions for retail, one being in a four-disc sized jewel case with a simple white cover and the Love Symbol in a colored circle; the other is all four discs in a round translucent snap jewel case. The discs are the same, as is the CD jacket. The Newpower Soul album released three months later failed to make much of an impression on the charts. His collaboration on Chaka Khan's Come 2 My House, and Larry Graham's GCS2000, both released on the NPG Records label around the same time as Newpower Soul met with the same fate, despite heavy promotion and live appearances on Vibe with Sinbad, and the NBC Today show's Summer Concert Series.
In 1999, Prince once again signed with a major label, Arista Records, to release a new record, Rave Un2 the Joy Fantastic. In an attempt to make his new album a success, Prince easily gave more interviews than at any other point in his career, appearing on MTV's Total Request Live (with his album cover on the front of the Virgin Megastore, in the background on TRL throughout the whole show), Larry King Live (with Larry Graham) and other media outlets. Nevertheless, Rave Un2 the Joy Fantastic failed to perform well commercially. A few months earlier, Warner Bros. had also released The Vault: Old Friends 4 Sale, a collection of unreleased material recorded by Prince throughout his career, and his final recording commitment on his contract with Warner Bros. The greatest success he had during the year was with the EP 1999: The New Master, released in time for Prince to collect a small portion of the sales dollars Warner Bros. had been seeing for the album and singles of the original 1999.
The pay-per-view concert, Rave Un2 the Year 2000, was broadcast on December 31, 1999 and consisted of footage from the December 17 and 18 concerts of his 1999 tour. The concert featured appearances by many guest musicians including Lenny Kravitz, George Clinton, Jimmy Russell, and The Time. It was released to home video the following year. A remix album, Rave In2 the Joy Fantastic (as opposed to "Un2") was released exclusively through Prince's NPG Music Club in April 2000.
2000–06: Turnaround, Musicology, label change and 3121
On May 16, 2000, Prince ceased using the Love Symbol moniker and returned to using "Prince" again, after his publishing contract with Warner/Chappell expired. In a press conference, he stated that, after being freed from undesirable relationships associated with the name "Prince", he would formally revert to using his real name. Prince still frequently uses the symbol as a logo and on album artwork and continues to play a Love Symbol-shaped guitar. For several years following the release of Rave Un2 the Joy Fantastic, Prince primarily released new music through his Internet subscription service, NPGOnlineLtd.com (later NPGMusicClub.com). Two albums that show substantive jazz influence were available commercially at record stores: 2001's The Rainbow Children, and the 2003 instrumental record N.E.W.S which was nominated for a Best Pop Instrumental Album Grammy Award. Another album of largely jazz-influenced music, Xpectation, was released via download in 2003 to members of the NPGMusicClub. Xpectation is jazz themed along with new age and atmospheric themes.
In 2002, Prince released his first live album, One Nite Alone... Live!, which features performances from the One Nite Alone...Tour. The 3-CD box set, which also includes a disc of "aftershow" music entitled It Ain't Over!, failed to chart. During this time, Prince sought to engage more effectively with his fan base via the NPG Music Club, pre-concert sound checks, and at yearly "celebrations" at Paisley Park, his music studios. Fans were invited into the studio for tours, interviews, discussions and music-listening sessions. Some of these fan discussions were filmed for an unreleased documentary, directed by Kevin Smith. Smith discusses what happened during those days at length in his An Evening with Kevin Smith DVD. Performances were also arranged to showcase Prince's talents, as well as to collaborate with popular and well-established artists and guests including Alicia Keys, the Time, Erykah Badu, Nikka Costa, George Clinton, and Norah Jones.
On February 8, 2004, Prince appeared at the Grammy Awards with Beyoncé Knowles. In a performance that opened the show, Prince and Knowles performed a medley of "Purple Rain", "Let's Go Crazy", "Baby I'm a Star", and Knowles' "Crazy in Love". The following month, Prince was inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame. The award was presented to him by Alicia Keys along with Big Boi and André 3000 of OutKast. As well as performing a trio of his own hits during the ceremony, Prince also participated in a tribute to fellow inductee George Harrison in a rendering of Harrison's "While My Guitar Gently Weeps", playing a long guitar solo that ended the song. In addition he performed "Red House" on the album Power of Soul: A Tribute to Jimi Hendrix. On February 19, The Tavis Smiley Show broadcast included a performance of "Reflection" from Prince's Musicology album. Prince was accompanied by Wendy Melvoin, formerly of The Revolution.
In April 2004, Prince released Musicology through a one-album agreement with Columbia Records. The album rose as high as the top five on a number of international charts (including the US, UK, Germany and Australia). The US chart success was assisted by the CD being included as part of the concert ticket purchase, and each CD thereby qualifying (as chart rules then stood) towards US chart placement. Musicology is R&B and soul-themed along with funk, pop, quiet storm, and rock. Three months later, Spin named him the greatest frontman of all time.[72] That same year, Rolling Stone magazine named Prince as the highest-earning musician in the world, with an annual income of $56.5 million,[73] largely due to his Musicology Tour, which Pollstar named as the top concert draw among musicians in US. The artist played an impressive run of 96 concerts; the average ticket price for a show was US$61. Further highlighting the success of the album, Prince's Musicology went on to receive two Grammy wins, for Best Male R&B Vocal Performance for "Call My Name" and Best Traditional R&B Vocal Performance for the title track. Musicology was also nominated for Best R&B Song and Best R&B Album, while "Cinnamon Girl" was nominated for Best Male Pop Vocal Performance. The album became the artist's most commercially successful since Diamonds and Pearls, partly due to a radical scheme devised which included in Billboard′s sales figures those that were distributed to each customer during ticket sales for the Musicology tour, with concert figures accounting for 25% of the total album sales.[74] Rolling Stone magazine has ranked Prince No. 27 on their list of 100 Greatest Artists of All Time.[7]
In April 2005, Prince played guitar (along with En Vogue singing backing vocals) on Stevie Wonder's single "So What the Fuss", Wonder's first since 1999.[75] In the aftermath of Hurricane Katrina, which devastated the city of New Orleans on August 29, 2005, Prince offered a personal response by recording two new songs, "S.S.T." and the instrumental "Brand New Orleans", at Paisley Park in the early hours of September 2. Prince again performed all instrumental and vocal parts. These recordings were quickly dispersed to the public via Prince's NPG Music Club, and "S.S.T." was later picked up by iTunes, where it reached No. 1 on the store's R&B chart. On October 25, Sony Records released a version of the single on CD.
In late 2005, Prince signed with Universal Records to release his album, 3121, on March 21, 2006 (3/21). The first single was the Latin-tinged "Te Amo Corazón", the video for which was directed by actress Salma Hayek and filmed in Marrakech, Morocco, featuring Argentine actress and singer Mía Maestro. The video for the second single, "Black Sweat", was nominated at the MTV VMAs for Best Cinematography. The immediate success of 3121 gave Prince his first No. 1 debut on the Billboard 200 with the album. To promote the new album, Prince was the musical guest on Saturday Night Live on February 4, 2006, 17 years after his last SNL appearance on the 15th anniversary special and nearly 25 years since his first appearance on a regular episode in 1981, making Prince the only SNL musical guest to have that long of a gap between appearances. He performed two songs from the album, "Fury" and "Beautiful, Loved & Blessed", with Támar. Prince also held a contest to win a trip to see a 'Purple Ticket Concert' at his private residence in Hollywood, California. Seven winning tickets were placed inside 3121 CD packages in the US, and other tickets were given away in various contests on the Internet and around the world. On May 6, 2006, 24 prizewinners (with a guest each) attended a star-studded private party and performance at Prince's home.
On June 12, 2006, Prince received a Webby Lifetime Achievement Award in recognition of his "visionary" use of the Internet; Prince was the first major artist to release an entire album, 1997's Crystal Ball, exclusively on the Internet (although he did take phone orders for it as well...1-800-NEW-FUNK).
Only weeks after winning a Webby Award, Prince abruptly shut down his then-official NPG Music Club website on July 4, 2006, after more than five years of operation.[citation needed] On the day of the music club's shutdown, a lawsuit was filed against Prince by the British company HM Publishing (owners of the Nature Publishing Group, also NPG). Despite these events occurring on the same day, Prince's attorney has called it pure coincidence and stated that the site did not close due to the trademark dispute.[76] Prince appeared at multiple award ceremonies in 2006. On February 15, 2006, Prince performed at the BRIT Awards along with Wendy & Lisa and Sheila E. He played "Te Amo Corazón" and "Fury" from 3121 and "Purple Rain" and "Let's Go Crazy" from Purple Rain. On June 27, 2006, Prince appeared at the BET Awards, where he was awarded Best Male R&B Artist. In addition to receiving his award, Prince performed a medley of Chaka Khan songs for Khan's BET Lifetime Award. Prince had previously written and performed several songs with the singer.
In November 2006, Prince was inducted into the UK Music Hall of Fame, appearing to collect his award but not performing. Also in November 2006, Prince opened a nightclub named 3121 in Las Vegas at the Rio All Suite Hotel and Casino. He performed weekly on Friday and Saturday nights until April 2007, when his contract with the Rio ended. On August 22, 2006, Prince released Ultimate Prince. The double disc set contains one CD of previous hits, and another of extended versions and mixes of material that had largely only previously been available on vinyl record B-sides. Prince wrote and performed a song for the hit 2006 animated film Happy Feet. The song, entitled "The Song of the Heart", appears on the film's soundtrack, which also features a cover of Prince's earlier hit "Kiss", sung by Nicole Kidman and Hugh Jackman. In January 2007, "The Song of the Heart" won a Golden Globe for Best Original Song.[77]
2007–10: Super Bowl XLI, Planet Earth and LOtUSFLOW3R



 Prince's stage set for the Earth Tour in 2007
On February 2, 2007, Prince played at the Super Bowl XLI press conference. He and the band played a set comprising Chuck Berry's hit, "Johnny B. Goode", "Anotherloverholenyohead" from Parade and "Get On the Boat" from 3121. Prince performed at the Super Bowl XLI halftime show in Miami, Florida on February 4, 2007. The performance consisted of three Purple Rain tracks ("Let's Go Crazy", "Baby I'm a Star" and the title track), along with cover versions of "We Will Rock You" by Queen, "All Along the Watchtower" by Bob Dylan, the Foo Fighters song "Best of You" and "Proud Mary" by Creedence Clearwater Revival. Coincidentally, Miami had rain on the day of the Super Bowl, which was lit purple during the performance of "Purple Rain". He played on a large stage shaped as his symbol. The event was carried to 140 million television viewers, the largest audience of his life. On February 4, 2010, Billboard.com ranked the performance as the greatest Super Bowl performance ever.[78]
Prince played 21 concerts in London during the summer of 2007. The Earth Tour included 21 nights at the 20,000 capacity O2 Arena, with Maceo Parker in his band. Tickets for the O2 Arena were capped by Prince at £31.21. The residency at the O2 Arena was increased to 15 nights after all 140,000 tickets for the original seven sold out in just 20 minutes.[79] It was then further extended to 21 nights.[80] On May 10, 2007, Prince performed a "secret" gig at London's KOKO in front of a small crowd of fans and celebrities. A prelude to the forthcoming summer gigs in London, Prince played a relaxed set of hits including ("Kiss", changing the lyric from "You don't have to watch Dynasty" to Desperate Housewives, "Girls & Boys", and "Nothing Compares 2 U") alongside more recent tracks, plus a cover version of Gnarls Barkley's "Crazy".
Prince made an appearance at the 2007 ALMA Awards, performing with Sheila E. in June 2007. On June 28, 2007, the UK national newspaper the Mail on Sunday revealed that it had made a deal to give Prince's new album, Planet Earth, away for free with an "imminent" edition of the paper, making it the first place in the world to get the album. This move sparked controversy among music distributors and also led the UK arm of Prince's distributor, Sony BMG, to withdraw from distributing the album in UK stores.[81] The UK's largest high street music retailer, HMV, decided to stock the paper on release day due to the giveaway. Planet Earth is rock-oriented along with disco, and other various music styles. On July 7, 2007, Prince returned to his hometown of Minneapolis to perform three shows in what was unofficially declared Prince Day in Minnesota. He performed concerts at the Macy's Auditorium (to promote his new perfume "3121") on Nicollet Mall, the Target Center arena, and First Avenue.[82] It was the first time he had played at First Avenue (the club appeared in the film Purple Rain) since 1987.[83]



 Prince playing with Maceo Parker in the O2
On April 25, 2008, Prince performed on The Tonight Show with Jay Leno, where he debuted a new song, "Turn Me Loose". Days after, he headlined the Coachella Festival 2008. Prince was paid more than $5 million for his performance at Coachella, according to Reuters.[84] Prince cancelled a concert, planned at Dublin's Croke Park on June 16, 2008, at just 10 days' notice. In October 2009 promoters MCD Productions went to court to sue Prince for €1.6 million, after paying him $1.5 million, half his agreed fee of $3 million for the concert. MCD claim they had to refund 55,126 tickets purchased and its total losses exceeded $1.66 million. Prince's lawyers argued the MCD claim was "greatly inflated".[85][86] Prince settled the case out of court in February 2010 for $2.95 million.[87][88] During the trial, it was revealed that Prince had been offered $22 million for seven concerts as part of a proposed 2008 European tour.[89] In October 2008, Prince released a live album entitled Indigo Nights, as well as 21 Nights, an accompanying book of poems, lyrics and photos. The book chronicled his record-breaking tenure at London's O2 Arena in 2007, while the album is a collection of songs performed live at aftershows in the IndigO2.



 Prince at the Coachella Festival in 2008
On December 18, 2008, Prince premiered four songs from his new album on LA's Indie rock radio station Indie 103.1.[90] The radio station's programmers Max Tolkoff and Mark Sovel had been invited to Prince's home to hear the new rock-oriented music. Prince then surprised the two by giving them a CD with four songs to premiere on their radio station. The music debuted the next day on Jonesy's Jukebox, hosted by Sex Pistol Steve Jones.[91] The music comprised a cover of "Crimson and Clover" by Tommy James and the Shondells, together with "Colonized Mind", "Wall of Berlin" and "4ever". The same day, another new Prince composition entitled "(There'll Never B) Another Like Me" premiered on the now obsolete and defunct website mplsound.com — replacing a shorter, instrumental version of the song that streamed several days previously.
On January 3, 2009, a new website LotusFlow3r.com was launched, streaming some of the recently aired material ("Crimson and Clover", "(There'll Never B) Another Like Me" and "Here Eye Come") and promising opportunities to listen to and buy music by Prince and guests, watch videos and buy concert tickets for future events. On January 31, Prince released two more songs on LotusFlow3r.com: "Disco Jellyfish", and "Another Boy". "Chocolate Box", "Colonized Mind", and "All This Love" have since been released on the website. Prince released a triple album set containing LOtUSFLOW3R, MPLSoUND, and an album credited to his new protégé, Bria Valente, called Elixer, on March 24, 2009, followed by a physical release on March 29. The release was preceded by performances on The Tonight Show with Jay Leno and The Ellen DeGeneres Show. It was released in other countries digitally, with official physical release dates yet to be announced. The album peaked at No. 2 on the Billboard 200, and critics' opinions were mixed to positive.
On July 18, 2009, Prince performed two shows at the Montreux Jazz Festival, being backed by the New Power Generation including Rhonda Smith, Renato Neto and John Blackwell. There he played "A Large Room with No Light", which had been in Prince's "vault" for some time. On October 11, 2009, Prince gave two surprise concerts at the glass-and-iron Grand Palais exhibition hall after visiting the landmark Paris building on the banks of the Seine.[92] On October 12, he gave another surprise gig at La Cigale. On October 24, Prince played a concert at his own Paisley Park complex in Minneapolis, Minnesota.[93]
2010–12: 20Ten and The Welcome 2 Tours
In January 2010, Prince wrote a new song, "Purple and Gold", inspired by his visit to a Minnesota Vikings football game against the Dallas Cowboys.[94] The song is a simple, drumline-driven track. The following month, Prince let Minneapolis-area public radio station 89.3 The Current premiere his new song "Cause and Effect" as a gesture in support of independent radio.[95]
In 2010, Prince was listed in TIME magazine's annual ranking of the "100 Most Influential People in the World".[96]
Prince released a new single on Minneapolis radio station 89.3 The Current called "Hot Summer" on June 7, his 52nd birthday. Also in June, Prince appeared on the cover of the July 2010 issue of Ebony,[97] and he received the Lifetime Achievement Award at the 2010 BET Awards.[98]
Prince released his album 20Ten in July 2010 as a free covermount with publications in the UK, Belgium, Germany, and France.[99] Prince has refused access to the album to digital download services. He also closed his official website, LotusFlow3r.com. In an interview with the Daily Mirror, Prince said, "The Internet's completely over. I don't see why I should give my new music to iTunes or anyone else. They won't pay me an advance for it and then they get angry when they can't get it... Anyway, all these computers and digital gadgets are no good. They just fill your head with numbers and that can't be good for you."[100]
On July 4, 2010 Prince began his 20Ten Tour, a concert tour in two legs with shows in Europe. The second leg began on October 15[101] and ended with a concert following the Abu Dhabi Grand Prix on November 14.[102] The second half of the tour has a new band, John Blackwell, Ida Kristine Nielsen, and Sheila E.[103] Prince let Europe 1 debut the snippet of his new song "Rich Friends" from the "new" album 20Ten Deluxe on October 8, 2010.[104] Prince started the Welcome 2 Tour on December 15, 2010.[105]
Prince was inducted in the Grammy Hall of Fame on December 7, 2010.[106]
On February 12, 2011, Prince presented Barbra Streisand with an award and donated $1.5 million to charities.[107] On the same day, it was reported that he was unimpressed about Glee covering his hit "Kiss", and that he had not authorised its use.[108]
On the May 18, 2011, it was announced that Prince would be headlining Hop Farm Festival on July 3, 2011, marking his first UK show since 2007 and his first ever UK festival appearance.[109]
Despite having previously rejected the Internet for music distribution, on November 24, 2011, Prince re-released a reworked version of the previously unreleased song "Extraloveable" through both iTunes and Spotify.[110][111][112] Purple Music, a Switzerland-based record label, released a CD single "Dance 4 Me" on December 12, 2011, as part of a club remixes package including Bria Valente CD single "2 Nite" released on February 23, 2012. The CD features club remixes by Jamie Lewis and David Alexander, produced by Prince.[113][114]
2013–present: 3rdeyegirl and return to Warner Bros.
In January 2013, Prince released a lyric video for a new song called "Screwdriver".[115] A couple of months later in April 2013, Prince announced a short West Coast tour with 3rdeyegirl as his backing band.[116] The final two dates of the tour were in Minneapolis where former Revolution drummer Bobby Z. sat in as guest drummer on both shows.[117] In May, Prince announced a deal with Kobalt Music to market and distribute his music.[118]
On August 14, 2013, Prince officially sent his first tweet through the 3RDEYEGIRL Twitter account.[119] The same day, he released a new solo single for exclusive download through the 3RDEYEGIRL.com website.[120] The single "Breakfast Can Wait" received attention for its cover art, featuring comedian Dave Chappelle's notable impersonation of the singer in a sketch on the 2000s Comedy Central series Chappelle's Show.[121]
In February 2014, Prince performed concerts with 3rdeyegirl in London. Beginning with intimate shows, the first was held at the London home of singer Lianne La Havas, followed by two performances of what Prince described as a "sound check" at the Electric Ballroom in Camden,[122] and another at Shepherds Bush Empire.[123]
On April 18, 2014, Prince released a new single entitled "The Breakdown". Along with the surprise release, news came that a new album was in the works, an expanded edition of Purple Rain would be released for the 30th anniversary, and he has re-signed with his former label, Warner Bros. Records after an 18-year split. He also gained the rights to his master recordings from the 1980s, which had been a point of contention for his initial split with the major label.[124]
In May 2015, following the death of Freddie Gray and the subsequent riots, Prince released a song entitled 'Baltimore' in tribute to Gray and in support of the protesters in Baltimore. [125][126][127][128] He also held a surprise tribute concert for Gray at his Paisley Park estate called 'Dance Rally 4 Peace' in which he reportedly encouraged fans to wear the color gray in honor of Freddie Gray.[129]
Personal life
Prince resides near Minneapolis, Minnesota.[130] Over the years Prince has been romantically linked with many celebrities, including Kim Basinger, Madonna, Vanity, Sheila E., Carmen Electra, Susanna Hoffs, Anna Fantastic,[11] Sherilyn Fenn,[131] and Susan Moonsie of Vanity 6 and Apollonia 6.[14] Prince was engaged to Susannah Melvoin in 1985.[132] He married his backup singer and dancer, Mayte Garcia, on Valentine's Day, 1996. They had a son, Boy Gregory (born October 16, 1996), who was born with Pfeiffer syndrome and died a week after birth.[133] Prince and Mayte divorced in 1999. In 2001, Prince married Manuela Testolini in a private ceremony. Testolini filed for divorce in May 2006.[134] He also had a short-term relationship with protégée Bria Valente in 2007.[100]
Prince became a member of Jehovah's Witnesses in 2001 following a two-year-long debate with friend and fellow Jehovah's Witness, musician Larry Graham. Prince said he didn't consider it a conversion, but a "realization"; "It's like Morpheus and Neo in The Matrix," he explained. He attends meetings at a local Kingdom Hall and occasionally knocks on people's doors to discuss his faith.[135] Prince has reportedly needed double-hip-replacement surgery since 2005 but won't undergo the operation unless it is a bloodless surgery because Jehovah's Witnesses do not accept blood transfusions.[136] The condition is rumored to be aggravated by repeated onstage dancing in high-heeled boots.[137] However, when Prince was interviewed in 2010, journalist Peter Willis said he believed the rumors of Prince needing double hip surgery to be unfounded and untrue as Prince appeared to be agile.[100]
Prince is vegan.[138] The liner notes for his album Rave Un2 the Joy Fantastic featured a message about the cruelty involved in wool production.[139]
Since 2008, Prince has been managed by UK-based Kiran Sharma.[140]
Speaking about her relationship with Prince in an interview with Norwegian station NRK in November 2014, Sinead O'Connor said that Prince had summoned her to his house after "Nothing Compares 2U". O'Connor said "I made it without him. I'd never met him. He summoned me to his house—and it's foolish to do this to an Irish woman—he said he didn't like me saying bad words in interviews. So I told him to fuck off." O'Connor alleged the row became physical. "He got quite violent. I had to escape out of his house at 5 in the morning. He packed a bigger punch than mine."[141] "Nothing Compares 2U" is the song Prince penned which later became a worldwide hit for O'Connor in 1990.
Multi-instrumental abilities


 This section of a biography of a living person does not include any references or sources. Please help by adding reliable sources. Contentious material about living people that is unsourced or poorly sourced must be removed immediately. (December 2014)
In addition to his singing abilities (which encompass a wide range from falsetto to baritone and rapid, flamboyant shifts of register, as well as diverse characterisation) Prince is one of pop music's most prominent multi-instrumentalists. The precise number of instruments he is capable of playing remains obscure, partly due to the active mythologizing of his abilities and working practices (such as the claim that he had played "all 27 instruments" on his debut album, which appears to have included various different kinds of guitar, keyboard and synthesizer in the total).
As a live performer he tends to focus on guitar, piano, lead vocals and occasional harmonica. On recordings he has also played assorted keyboards and synthesizers, bass guitar, drums, various percussion instruments and saxophone, as well as mastering both drum and synthesizer programming. Prince has mentioned learning and performing simple parts on particular instruments that he does not otherwise play (such as concert harp) in order to serve song arrangements on albums.
Stage names
In 1993, during negotiations regarding the release of The Gold Experience, a legal battle ensued between Warner Bros. and Prince over the artistic and financial control of his musical output. During the lawsuit, he appeared in public with the word "slave" written on his cheek. Prince explained his name change as follows:

The first step I have taken toward the ultimate goal of emancipation from the chains that bind me to Warner Bros. was to change my name from Prince to the Love Symbol. Prince is the name that my mother gave me at birth. Warner Bros. took the name, trademarked it, and used it as the main marketing tool to promote all of the music that I wrote. The company owns the name Prince and all related music marketed under Prince. I became merely a pawn used to produce more money for Warner Bros...
I was born Prince and did not want to adopt another conventional name. The only acceptable replacement for my name, and my identity, was the Love Symbol, a symbol with no pronunciation, that is a representation of me and what my music is about. This symbol is present in my work over the years; it is a concept that has evolved from my frustration; it is who I am. It is my name.[142]
Prince is a trademark owned by Paisley Park Enterprises Inc. It was initially filed with the United States Patent and Trademark Office (USPTO) in 2005 in the categories of printed materials, clothing, electronic commerce, and entertainment services based on first commercial in 1978.[143] Various searches to the USPTO did not find any registrations or transfers of "Prince" or related names by Warner Bros. In 1991, PRN Music Corporation assigned the trademarks Prince, The Time, Paisley Park, New Power Generation, and Prince and the Revolution to Paisley Park Enterprises.[144]
Prince has used pseudonyms to separate himself from the music (either his own or that of others) for which he has had input; "I was just getting tired of seeing my name," he said, "If you give away an idea, you still own that idea. In fact, giving it away strengthens it. Why do people feel they have to take credit for everything they do? Ego, that's the only reason."[145] These pseudonyms include: Jamie Starr and The Starr Company (for the songs he wrote for the Time and many other artists from 1981–1984),[146][147] Joey Coco (for many unreleased Prince songs in the late 1980s, as well as songs written for Sheena Easton & Kenny Rogers),[148] Paisley Park (occasionally used in the early 1990s for his production credits on songs, including those written for Martika and Kid Creole),[149] Alexander Nevermind (for writing the 1984 song "Sugar Walls" by Sheena Easton),[150] and Christopher (used for his song writing credit of "Manic Monday" for the Bangles).[151]
Copyright issues
On September 14, 2007, Prince announced that he was going to sue YouTube and eBay because they "are clearly able [to] filter porn and pedophile material but appear to choose not to filter out the unauthorized music and film content which is core to their business success." Web Sheriff, the international Internet policing company he hired, told Reuters: "The problem is that one can reduce it to zero and then the next day there will be 100 or 500 or whatever. This carries on ad nauseam at Prince's expense."[152][153]
In October 2007, Stephanie Lenz filed a lawsuit against Universal Music Publishing Group, claiming they were abusing copyright law, after the music publisher had YouTube take down Lenz's home movie in which the Prince song "Let's Go Crazy" played faintly in the background.[154]
On November 5, 2007, several fan sites of Prince formed "Prince Fans United" to fight back against legal requests they claim Prince made to cease and desist all use of photographs, images, lyrics, album covers and anything linked to Prince's likeness.[155] While Prince's lawyers claimed that the use of such representations constituted copyright infringement, the Prince Fans United claimed that the legal actions were "attempts to stifle all critical commentary about Prince." A few days later, Prince released a statement denying the fansites' claims, stating "The action taken earlier this week was not to shut down fansites, or control comment in any way. The issue was simply to do with in regards to copyright and trademark of images and only images, and no lawsuits have been filed." The statement from AEG, Prince's promoter, asserted that the only "offending items" on the three fansites were live shots from Prince's 21 nights in London at the O2 Arena earlier in the year.[156]
On November 8, 2007, Prince Fans United received a song named "PFUnk", providing a kind of "unofficial answer" to their movement. The song, originally debuted on the PFU main site,[157] was retitled "F.U.N.K." and is available on iTunes.
On November 14, 2007, it was reported that the satirical website b3ta.com had pulled their "image challenge of the week" devoted to Prince after legal threats from the star under the Digital Millennium Copyright Act. B3ta co-founder Rob Manuel wrote on the site: "Under threat of legal action from Prince's legal team of 'potential closure of your web site' – We have removed the Prince image challenge and B3ta apologizes unreservedly to AEG / NPG and Prince for any offence caused. We also ask our members to avoid photoshopping Prince and posting them on our boards."[158]
At the 2008 Coachella Music Festival, Prince performed a cover of Radiohead's "Creep", but immediately after he forced YouTube and other sites to remove footage that fans had taken of the performance, despite Radiohead's demand for it to remain on the website.[159] Days later, YouTube reinstated the videos, while Radiohead claimed "it's our song, let people hear it." In 2009, Prince put the video of that Coachella performance on his then-official website LotusFlow3r.com.
In 2013, the Electronic Frontier Foundation granted to Prince the inaugural "Raspberry Beret Lifetime Aggrievement Award",[160] a reference to resentment of parties who allege unfair treatment and misuse of copyright claims by the artist and his lawyers.[161]
In January 2014, Prince filed a lawsuit titled Prince v. Chodera against 22 online users for direct copyright infringement, unauthorized fixation, and contributory copyright infringement and bootlegging.[162] Several of the users were fans who had shared links to bootlegged versions of several Prince concerts through social media websites like Facebook.[163][164]
Discography
Main articles: Prince albums discography and Prince singles discography
Studio albums
For You (1978)
Prince (1979)
Dirty Mind (1980)
Controversy (1981)
1999 (1982)
Purple Rain (1984)
Around the World in a Day (1985)
Parade (1986)
Sign o' the Times (1987)
Lovesexy (1988)
Batman (1989)
Graffiti Bridge (1990)
Diamonds and Pearls (1991)
Love Symbol Album Prince logo.svg (1992)
Come (1994)
The Black Album (1994)
The Gold Experience (1995)
Chaos and Disorder (1996)
Emancipation (1996)
Crystal Ball (1998)
Rave Un2 the Joy Fantastic (1999)
The Rainbow Children (2001)
One Nite Alone... (2002)
Xpectation (2003)
N.E.W.S (2003)
The Chocolate Invasion (2004)
The Slaughterhouse (2004)
Musicology (2004)
3121 (2006)
Planet Earth (2007)
Lotusflow3r / MPLSound (2009)
20Ten (2010)
Plectrumelectrum (2014)
Art Official Age (2014)
Filmography

Year
Film
Role

1984 Purple Rain The Kid
1986 Under the Cherry Moon Christopher Tracy
1987 Sign o' the Times Himself
1990 Graffiti Bridge The Kid

Tours
Prince Tour (1979–80)
Dirty Mind Tour (1980–81)
Controversy Tour (1981–82)
1999 Tour (1982–83)
Purple Rain Tour (1984–85)
Parade Tour (1986)
Sign o' the Times Tour (1987)
Lovesexy Tour (1988–89)
Nude Tour (1990)
Diamonds and Pearls Tour (1992)
Act I and II (1993)
The Ultimate Live Experience (1995)
Gold Tour (1996)
Love 4 One Another Charities Tour (1997)
Jam of the Year Tour (1997–98)
New Power Soul Tour/Festival (1998)
Hit n Run Tour (2000–01)
A Celebration (2001)
One Nite Alone... Tour (2002)
2003–2004 World Tour (2003–04)
Musicology Live 2004ever (2004)
Per4ming Live 3121 (2006–07)
21 Nights in London: The Earth Tour (2007)
20Ten Tour (2010)
Welcome 2 (2010–12)
Live Out Loud Tour w/3rdeyegirl (2013)
Awards and nominations
Grammy Awards
Earning 33 nominations, Prince has won seven Grammys. He also has had two albums − 1999 and Purple Rain − awarded the Grammy Hall of Fame Award.

Year
Nominated work
Award category
Result
1984 "International Lover" Best Male R&B Vocal Performance Nominated
1985 Purple Rain Album of the Year Nominated
Purple Rain Best Rock Performance by a Duo or Group with Vocal Won
Purple Rain Best Score Soundtrack Album for a Motion Picture, Television or Other Visual Media Won
"I Feel for You" Best R&B Song Won
1987 "Kiss" Best R&B Performance by a Duo or Group with Vocal Won
"Kiss" Best R&B Song Nominated
1988 Sign "O" the Times Album of the Year Nominated
"U Got the Look" Best R&B Performance by a Duo or Group with Vocal Nominated
"U Got the Look" Best R&B Song Nominated
1990 Batman Best Male Pop Vocal Performance Nominated
"Batdance" Best Male R&B Vocal Performance Nominated
1991 "Nothing Compares 2 U" Song of the Year Nominated
1992 "Gett Off" Best R&B Performance by a Duo or Group with Vocal Nominated
1993 "Diamonds and Pearls" Best Pop Performance by a Duo or Group with Vocal Nominated
1995 "The Most Beautiful Girl in the World" Best Male Pop Vocal Performance Nominated
1996 "Eye Hate U" Best Male R&B Vocal Performance Nominated
The Gold Experience Best R&B Album Nominated
2004 N.E.W.S. Best Pop Instrumental Album Nominated
2005 "Cinnamon Girl" Best Male Pop Vocal Performance Nominated
"Call My Name" Best Male R&B Vocal Performance Won
"Call My Name" Best R&B Song Nominated
"Musicology" Best Traditional R&B Vocal Performance Won
Musicology Best R&B Album Nominated
2007 "Black Sweat" Best Male R&B Vocal Performance Nominated
"Beautiful, Loved and Blessed" Best R&B Performance by a Duo or Group with Vocal Nominated
"3121" Best Urban/Alternative Performance Nominated
"Black Sweat" Best R&B Song Nominated
3121 Best R&B Album Nominated
2008 "Future Baby Mama" Best Male R&B Vocal Performance Won
"The Song of the Heart" Best Song Written for a Motion Picture, Television or Other Visual Media Nominated
2010 "Dreamer" Best Solo Rock Vocal Performance Nominated
MTV Video Music Awards
The MTV Video Music Awards (VMAs) is an award show by cable network MTV to honor the top music videos of the year. It was first held in September 1984 and was originally meant as an alternative to the Grammy Awards in the video category. Prince has won four awards from 12 nominations throughout his career.

Year
Nominated work
Award category
Result
1985 "When Doves Cry" Best Choreography in a Video Nominated
1986 "Raspberry Beret" Best Choreography in a Video Won
1988 "U Got the Look" Best Male Video Won
Best Stage Performance in a Video Won
Best Choreography in a Video Nominated
Best Editing in a Video Nominated
1989 "I Wish U Heaven" Best Special Effects in a Video Nominated
1990 "Batdance" Best Video from a Film Nominated
1992 "Cream" Best Dance Video Won
1993 "7" Best R&B Video Nominated
2004 "Musicology" Best Male Video Nominated
2006 "Black Sweat" Best Cinematography in a Video Nominated
Academy Awards

Year
Nominated work
Award category
Result
1985 "Purple Rain" Best Original Song Score Won
See also
Book icon Book: Prince

List of best-selling music artists
List of best-selling music artists in the United States
Unreleased Prince projects
References
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105.Jump up ^ "Prince Rocks Opening Night Of His "Welcome 2 America" Tour at the Izod". Drfunkenberry.com. December 16, 2010. Retrieved February 4, 2011.
106.Jump up ^ "PRINCE & The Revolution's "Purple Rain" Get Grammy Induction + My Thoughts". Drfunkenberry.com. December 7, 2010. Retrieved February 4, 2011.
107.Jump up ^ "Prince Presents Barbra Streisand With Award; Gives Away 1.5 million To Charities". Drfunkenberry.com. February 12, 2011. Retrieved February 20, 2011.
108.Jump up ^ "Exclusive! Prince Not Happy With "Glee" Over Use Of "Kiss"". Drfunkenberry.com. February 12, 2011. Retrieved February 20, 2011.
109.Jump up ^ Lee, Ann (March 30, 2012), "Prince to join Morrissey and Brandon Flowers at Hop Farm Festival 2011". Metro. Retrieved April 16, 2012.
110.Jump up ^ "Prince released new song "extraloveable"". Drfunkenberry.com. November 23, 2011. Retrieved December 6, 2011.
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117.Jump up ^ "Bobby Z. Will Play "Purple Rain" With PRINCE At The Myth!". Drfunkenberry.com. May 24, 2013. Retrieved August 31, 2013.
118.Jump up ^ "PRINCE & Kobalt Make Marketing & Distribution Deal Official". Drfunkenberry.com. May 20, 2013. Retrieved August 31, 2013.
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120.Jump up ^ "3RDEYEGIRL - PLECTRUMELECTRUM". New Album - PLECTRUMELECTRUM. Retrieved September 30, 2014.
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125.Jump up ^ "Prince records tribute to Baltimore and Freddie Gray". Guardian. 1 May 2015.
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127.Jump up ^ Steve Forrest; Ben Brumfield (1 May 2015). "CNN Exclusive: Prince records ode to Baltimore after Freddie Gray protests". CNN.
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133.Jump up ^ Kennedy, Dana; Sinclair, Tom (December 20, 1996). "Prince's Saddest Song". Entertainment Weekly.
134.Jump up ^ Levy, Daniel S. (July 27, 2006). "Prince's Wife, Manuela (Partner of five years), Filed for Divorce". People.
135.Jump up ^ Hoffman, Claire (November 24, 2008). "Soup With Prince". The New Yorker.
136.Jump up ^ Freedom du Lac, J. (June 11, 2009). "Prince Hips the World to His Jehovah's Witness". The Washington Post.
137.Jump up ^ Forder, Rachel (October 19, 2005). "When Hip Gives Way to Hip Replacement". The Daily Telegraph (London).
138.Jump up ^ Faber, Judy (May 22, 2006). "Prince Is Voted 'Sexiest Vegetarian'". CBS News.
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140.Jump up ^ "Prince's Manager Shortlisted For Asian Woman Of Achievement Award". Mtv.co.uk. Retrieved September 30, 2014.
141.Jump up ^ Kelly, Aoife (November 18, 2014). "'I told him to f*** off' - Sinead O'Connor reveals she had punch-up with Prince". Irish Independent (Dublin). Retrieved December 1, 2014.
142.Jump up ^ Heatley, Michael (2008). Where Were You... When the Music Played? 120 Unforgettable Moments in Music History. Penguin Books. p. 191. ISBN 978-0-7621-0988-3.
143.Jump up ^ United States Patent and Trademark Office. Serial Number: 78561384; Registration Number: 3128896
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145.Jump up ^ Coryat, Karl (November 1999). "His Highness Gets Down!". Bass Player.
146.Jump up ^ "Songs credited to Jamie Starr". Discogs. Discogs.com. Retrieved 2015-05-06.
147.Jump up ^ "Songs credited to The Starr Company". Discogs.com. Retrieved 2015-05-06.
148.Jump up ^ "Songs credited to Joey Coco". Discogs. Discogs.com. Retrieved 2015-05-06.
149.Jump up ^ "Songs credited to Paisley Park". Discogs. Discogs.com. Retrieved 2015-05-06.
150.Jump up ^ "Songs credited to Alexander Nevermind". Discogs. Discogs.com. Retrieved 2015-05-06.
151.Jump up ^ "Songs credited to Christopher". Discogs. Discogs.com. Retrieved 2015-05-06.
152.Jump up ^ "Prince To Sue YouTube, eBay Over Unauthorized Content". Billboard. 2007.
153.Jump up ^ Hamilton, Fiona (September 13, 2007). "Prince takes on YouTube over clips". The Times (London).
154.Jump up ^ Francescani, Chris (October 26, 2007). "The Home Video Prince Doesn't Want You to See". ABC News.
155.Jump up ^ Gibson, Owen (November 7, 2007). "Prince threatens to sue his fans over online images". The Guardian (UK). Retrieved July 18, 2009.
156.Jump up ^ "Prince 'not suing fans': Singer hits back at fansite claims". NME. November 9, 2007.
157.Jump up ^ Kreps, Daniel (November 9, 2007). "Prince Releases Diss Track As Battle With Fans Gets Funky". Rolling Stone.
158.Jump up ^ Kiss, Jemima (November 15, 2007). "B3ta bates Prince". The Guardian (London).
159.Jump up ^ "Prince Is Being A “Creep,” Radiohead Tell Him He’s A Loser - Stereogum". StereoGum. May 30, 2008. Retrieved December 6, 2014.
160.Jump up ^ "The Raspberry Beret Lifetime Aggrievement Award". Eff.org. May 7, 2013. Retrieved August 31, 2013.
161.Jump up ^ "Prince Inducted Into Takedown Hall of Shame With New Lifetime Aggrievement Award | Electronic Frontier Foundation". Eff.org. May 7, 2013. Retrieved August 31, 2013.
162.Jump up ^ "Prince v. Chodera - Scribd". Scribd.com. Retrieved September 30, 2014.
163.Jump up ^ "Prince Files Lawsuit Against Facebook Fans Over Bootlegged Concerts". TIME.com. Retrieved September 30, 2014.
164.Jump up ^ Michaels, Sean. "Prince sues internet users for total of $22m over alleged bootleg recordings". The Guardian. Retrieved September 30, 2014.
Further reading
Draper, Jason (2008). Prince: Life & Times. Jawbone Press. ISBN 978-1-906002-18-3.
Hahn, Alex (2004). Possessed: The Rise And Fall Of Prince. Billboard Books. ISBN 0-8230-7749-7.
Jones, Liz (1998). Purple Reign: The Artist Formerly Known as Prince. Birch Lane Press. ISBN 978-1-55972-448-7.
Uptown (2004). The Vault – The Definitive Guide to the Musical World of Prince. Nilsen Publishing. ISBN 91-631-5482-X.
External links
 Wikimedia Commons has media related to:
Prince (musician) (category)

 Quotations related to Prince (musician) at Wikiquote
Prince at the Internet Movie Database
Prince at AllMusic
Prince at Billboard.com


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Categories: Prince (musician)
1958 births
20th-century American male actors
20th-century American singers
21st-century American singers
Male actors from Minneapolis, Minnesota
African-American male dancers
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Best Original Music Score Academy Award winners
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African-American male actors
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Prince (musician)

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Prince
Prince at Coachella 001.jpg
Prince performing in 2008

Background information

Birth name
Prince Roger Nelson [1]
Also known as
Jamie Starr ·
 Christopher ·
 Alexander Nevermind ·
 The Purple One ·
 Joey Coco ·
 Prince logo.svg ·
 The artist formerly known as Prince
 
Born
June 7, 1958 (age 56)
Minneapolis, Minnesota, U.S.
Genres
Funk ·
 R&B ·
 rock ·
 pop ·
 new wave ·
 Minneapolis sound ·
 synthpop
 
Occupation(s)
Singer-songwriter ·
 multi-instrumentalist ·
 record producer ·
 dancer ·
 actor ·
 film director
 
Instruments
Vocals ·
 guitar ·
 keyboards ·
 Linn Drum
 
Years active
1976–present
Labels
Warner Bros. ·
 Paisley Park ·
 NPG ·
 EMI ·
 Columbia ·
 Arista ·
 Universal
 
Associated acts
The Revolution ·
 Wendy & Lisa ·
 The New Power Generation ·
 The Time ·
 Morris Day ·
 Sheila E. ·
 Vanity 6 ·
 Apollonia 6 ·
 Mazarati ·
 The Family ·
 94 East ·
 Madhouse ·
 Andy Allo ·
 3rdeyegirl
 
Prince Roger Nelson (born June 7, 1958), known by his mononym Prince, is an American singer-songwriter, multi-instrumentalist, and actor. A major figure in popular music for over three decades, Prince is renowned as an innovator and is widely-known for his eclectic work, flamboyant stage presence and wide vocal range. Widely regarded as the pioneer of Minneapolis sound, Prince's music combines rock, R&B, soul, funk, hip hop, disco, psychedelia, jazz, and pop.
Born in Minneapolis, Minnesota, Prince developed an interest in music at an early age, writing his first song at age seven. After recording songs with his cousin's band 94 East, 19-year-old Prince recorded several unsuccessful demo tapes before releasing his debut album, For You, in 1978 under the guidance of Manager Owen Husney. His 1979 album, Prince, went platinum due to the success of the singles "Why You Wanna Treat Me So Bad?" and "I Wanna Be Your Lover". His next three records, Dirty Mind (1980), Controversy (1981) and 1999 (1982), continued his success, showcasing Prince's trademark of prominently sexual lyrics and incorporation of elements of funk, dance and rock music. In 1984, he began referring to his backup band as the Revolution and released Purple Rain, which served as the soundtrack to his film debut of the same name.
After releasing the albums Around the World in a Day (1985) and Parade (1986), The Revolution disbanded and Prince released the critically acclaimed double album Sign "O" the Times (1987) as a solo artist. He released three more solo albums before debuting The New Power Generation band in 1991. After changing his stage name to an unpronounceable symbol (Prince logo.svg), also known as the "Love Symbol", in 1993, he began releasing new albums at a faster pace to remove himself from contractual obligations to Warner Bros; he released five records between 1994 and 1996 before signing with Arista Records in 1998. In 2000, he began referring to himself as "Prince" once again. He has released fourteen albums since then, including his latest, Art Official Age, released on September 30, 2014.
Prince has sold over 100 million records worldwide, making him one of the best-selling artists of all time.[2] He has won seven Grammy Awards[3] a Golden Globe,[4] and an Academy Award.[5] He was inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame in 2004, the first year of his eligibility.[6] Rolling Stone has ranked Prince at number 27 on its list of the 100 Greatest Artists of All Time.[7]


Contents  [hide]
1 Early life
2 Career 2.1 1975–84: Beginnings and breakthrough
2.2 1984–87: The Revolution, Purple Rain and subsequent releases
2.3 1987–91: Solo again, Sign "O" the Times and spiritual rebirth
2.4 1991–94: The New Power Generation, Diamonds and Pearls and name change
2.5 1994–2000: Increased output and The Gold Experience
2.6 2000–06: Turnaround, Musicology, label change and 3121
2.7 2007–10: Super Bowl XLI, Planet Earth and LOtUSFLOW3R
2.8 2010–12: 20Ten and The Welcome 2 Tours
2.9 2013–present: 3rdeyegirl and return to Warner Bros.
3 Personal life
4 Multi-instrumental abilities
5 Stage names
6 Copyright issues
7 Discography
8 Filmography
9 Tours
10 Awards and nominations 10.1 Grammy Awards
10.2 MTV Video Music Awards
10.3 Academy Awards
11 See also
12 References
13 Further reading
14 External links

Early life
Prince was born in Minneapolis, Minnesota, the son of Mattie Della (Shaw) and John Lewis Nelson.[8] His parents were both African-American[8] and his family ancestry is centered in Louisiana, with all four of his grandparents hailing from the state.[9][10] Prince's father was a pianist and songwriter and his mother was a jazz singer. Prince was named after his father, whose stage name was Prince Rogers, and who performed with a jazz group called the Prince Rogers Trio. In a 1991 interview with A Current Affair, Prince's father said that "I named my son Prince because I wanted him to do everything I wanted to do".[11] Prince's childhood nickname was Skipper.[12]
In a PBS interview, Prince told Tavis Smiley that he was "born epileptic" and "used to have seizures" when he was young. During the interview, he also said: "My mother told me one day I walked in to her and said, 'Mom, I'm not going to be sick anymore,' and she said, 'Why?' and I said, 'Because an angel told me so'."[13]
Prince's sister Tika Evene (usually called Tyka) was born in 1960.[14] Both siblings developed a keen interest in music, and this was encouraged by their father.[15] Prince wrote his first tune, "Funk Machine", on his father's piano when he was seven.[15] When Prince was ten years old, his parents separated. Following the separation, Prince constantly switched homes, sometimes living with his father, and sometimes with his mother and stepfather.[15] Finally he moved into the home of neighbors, the Andersons, and befriended their son, Andre Anderson, who later became known as André Cymone.[16]
Prince and Anderson joined Prince's cousin, Charles Smith, in a band called Grand Central while they were attending Minneapolis's Central High School. Smith was later replaced by Morris Day on the drums. Prince played piano and guitar for the band which performed at clubs and parties in the Minneapolis area. Grand Central later changed its name to Champagne and started playing original music influenced by Sly & the Family Stone, James Brown, Earth, Wind & Fire, Miles Davis, Parliament-Funkadelic, Carlos Santana, Jimi Hendrix, and Todd Rundgren.[17] Prince also played basketball in high school.[18]
Career
1975–84: Beginnings and breakthrough
In 1975, Pepe Willie, the husband of Prince's cousin, Shauntel, formed the band 94 East with Marcy Ingvoldstad and Kristie Lazenberry. Willie hired André Cymone and Prince to record tracks with 94 East. Those songs were written by Willie and Prince contributed guitar tracks. Prince also co-wrote, with Willie, the 94 East song, "Just Another Sucker". The band recorded tracks which later became the album Minneapolis Genius – The Historic 1977 Recordings. Prince also recorded, but never released, a song written by Willie, "If You See Me" (also known as, "Do Yourself a Favor"). In 1995, Willie released the album 94 East featuring Prince, Symbolic Beginning, which included original recordings by Prince and Cymone.
In 1976, Prince created a demo tape with producer Chris Moon in Moon's Minneapolis studio. Unable to secure a recording contract, Moon brought the tape to Owen Husney, a Minneapolis businessman. Husney signed Prince, at the age of 17, to a management contract and helped Prince create a demo recording at Sound 80 Studios in Minneapolis using producer/engineer David Z. The demo recording, along with a press kit produced at Husney's ad agency, resulted in interest from several record companies including Warner Bros. Records, A&M Records, and Columbia Records.
With the help of Husney, Prince signed a recording contract with Warner Bros.. The record company agreed to give Prince creative control for three albums and ownership of the publishing rights.[citation needed] Husney and Prince then left Minneapolis and moved to Sausalito, California where Prince's first album, For You, was recorded at Record Plant Studios. Subsequently, the album was mixed in Los Angeles and released in on April 7, 1978.[19] According to the For You album notes, Prince produced, arranged, composed and played all 27 instruments on the recording. The album was written and performed by Prince, except for the song "Soft and Wet" which had lyrics co-written by Moon. The cost of recording the album was twice Prince's initial advance. Prince used the Prince's Music Co. to publish his songs. "Soft and Wet" reached No. 12 on the Hot Soul Singles chart and No. 92 on the Billboard Hot 100. The song "Just as Long as We're Together" reached No. 91 on the Hot Soul Singles chart.



 Ticket to Prince's first performance with his band in January 1979
In 1979, Prince created a band that included André Cymone on bass, Dez Dickerson on guitar, Gayle Chapman and Doctor Fink on keyboards, and Bobby Z. on drums. Their first show was at the Capri Theater on January 5, 1979. Warner Bros. executives attended the show but decided that Prince and the band needed more time to develop his music.[20] In October 1979, Prince released a self-titled album, Prince, which was No. 4 on the Billboard Top R&B/Black Albums charts, and No. 22 on the Billboard 200, going platinum. It contained two R&B hits: "Why You Wanna Treat Me So Bad?" and "I Wanna Be Your Lover". "I Wanna Be Your Lover" sold over a million copies, and reached No. 11 on the Billboard Hot 100, and No. 1 for two weeks on the Hot Soul Singles chart. Prince performed both these songs on January 26, 1980, on American Bandstand. On this album, Prince used Ecnirp Music – BMI.[21]
In 1980, Prince released the album, Dirty Mind, which he recorded in his own studio. The album was certified gold and the attendant single "Uptown" reached No. 5 on the Billboard Dance chart and No. 5 on the Hot Soul Singles charts. Prince was also the opening act for Rick James' 1980 Fire It Up tour. Dirty Mind contained sexually explicit material, including the title song, "Head", and the song "Sister". In February 1981, Prince made his first appearance on Saturday Night Live, performing "Partyup". In October 1981, Prince released the album, Controversy. He played several dates in support of it, at first as one of the opening acts for the Rolling Stones, who were then on tour in the US. He began 1982 with a small tour of college towns where he was the headlining act. The songs on Controversy were published by Controversy Music[22] – ASCAP, a practice he continued until the Emancipation album in 1996. Controversy also marked the introduction of Prince's use of abbreviated spelling, such as spelling the words you as U, to as 2, and for as 4, as indicated by the inclusion of the track "Jack U Off". (His earlier song titles had used conventional spelling.)[23] By 2002, MTV.com noted that "[n]ow all of his titles, liner notes and Web postings are written in his own shorthand spelling, as seen on 1999's Rave Un2 the Joy Fantastic, which featured 'Hot Wit U.'"[24]
In 1981, Prince formed a side project band called the Time. The band released four albums between 1981 and 1990, with Prince writing and performing most of the instrumentation and backing vocals, with lead vocals by Morris Day.[citation needed] In late 1982, Prince released a double album, 1999, which sold over three million copies.[25] The title track was a protest against nuclear proliferation and became his first top ten hit in countries outside the US. Prince's "Little Red Corvette" was one of the first two videos by a black artist played in heavy rotation on MTV, along with Michael Jackson's "Billie Jean".[26] The song "Delirious" also placed in the top ten on the Billboard Hot 100 chart.
1984–87: The Revolution, Purple Rain and subsequent releases
During this period Prince referred to his band as the Revolution. The band's name was also printed, in reverse, on the cover of 1999 inside the letter "I" of the word "Prince". The band consisted of Lisa Coleman and Doctor Fink on keyboards, Bobby Z. on drums, Brown Mark on bass, and Dez Dickerson on guitar. Jill Jones, a backing singer, was also part of The Revolution line up for the 1999 album and tour. Following the 1999 Tour, Dickerson left the group for religious reasons. In the 2003 book Possessed: The Rise and Fall of Prince, author Alex Hahn says that Dickerson was reluctant to sign a three-year contract and wanted to pursue other musical ventures. Dickerson was replaced by Wendy Melvoin, a childhood friend of Coleman. At first the band was used sparsely in the studio but this gradually changed during the mid-1980s.[citation needed]
Prince's 1984 album Purple Rain sold more than 13 million copies in the US and spent 24 consecutive weeks at No. 1 on the Billboard 200 chart. The film of the same name won an Academy Award and grossed more than $80 million in the US.[27]



 Prince performing in Brussels during the Hit N Run Tour in 1986
Songs from the film were hits on pop charts around the world, while "When Doves Cry" and "Let's Go Crazy" reached No. 1 and the title track reached No. 2 on the Billboard Hot 100. At one point in 1984, Prince simultaneously had the No. 1 album, single, and film in the US; it was the first time a singer had achieved this feat.[28] Prince won the Academy Award for Best Original Song Score for Purple Rain, and the album is ranked 72nd Rolling Stone's 500 Greatest Albums of All Time.[29] The album is included on the list of Time magazine's All-Time 100 Albums.[30] After Tipper Gore heard her 12-year-old daughter Karenna listening to Prince's song "Darling Nikki", she founded the Parents Music Resource Center.[31] The center advocates the mandatory use of a warning label ("Parental Advisory: Explicit Lyrics") on the covers of records that have been judged to contain language or lyrical content unsuitable for minors. The recording industry later voluntarily complied with this request.[32] Of what is considered the Filthy Fifteen Prince's compositions appear no. 1 and no. 2, with the fourth position occupied by his protégée Vanity.[33]
In 1985, Prince announced that he would discontinue live performances and music videos after the release of his next album. His subsequent recording Around the World in a Day held the No. 1 spot on the Billboard 200 for three weeks. In 1986 his album Parade reached No. 3 on the Billboard 200 and No. 2 on the R&B charts. The first single, "Kiss", with the video choreographed by Louis Falco, reached No. 1 on the Billboard Hot 100. The song was originally written for a side project called Mazarati. That same year the song "Manic Monday", which was written by Prince and recorded by The Bangles, reached No. 2 on the Hot 100 chart. The album Parade served as the soundtrack for Prince's second film, Under the Cherry Moon. Prince directed and starred in the movie, which also featured Kristin Scott Thomas. He received the Golden Raspberry Award for his efforts in acting and directing.[34]
In 1986, Prince began a series of sporadic live performances called the Hit n Run – Parade Tour. After the tour Prince abolished The Revolution, fired Wendy & Lisa and replaced Bobby Z. with Sheila E. Brown Mark quit the band while keyboardist Doctor Fink remained. Prince then recruited new band members Miko Weaver on guitar, Atlanta Bliss on trumpet, Eric Leeds on saxophone, Boni Boyer on keyboards, Levi Seacer, Jr. on bass and dancer Cat Glover.[citation needed]
1987–91: Solo again, Sign "O" the Times and spiritual rebirth
Prior to the disbanding of The Revolution, Prince was working on two separate projects, The Revolution album Dream Factory and a solo effort, Camille.[35] Unlike the three previous band albums, Dream Factory included significant input from the band members and even featured a number of songs with lead vocals by Wendy & Lisa,[35] while the Camille project saw Prince create a new persona primarily singing in a speeded-up, female-sounding voice. With the dismissal of The Revolution, Prince consolidated material from both shelved albums, along with some new songs, into a three-LP album to be titled Crystal Ball.[36] However, Warner Bros. forced Prince to trim the triple album to a double album and Sign "O" the Times was released on March 31, 1987.[37]
The album peaked at No.6 on the Billboard 200 albums chart.[37] The first single, "Sign o' the Times", would chart at No. 3 on the Hot 100.[38] The follow-up single, "If I Was Your Girlfriend" charted poorly at No. 67 on the Hot 100, but went to No.12 on R&B chart.[38] The third single, a duet with Sheena Easton, "U Got the Look" charted at No. 2 on the Hot 100, No. 11 on the R&B chart,[38] and the final single "I Could Never Take the Place of Your Man" finished at No.10 on Hot 100 and No.14 on the R&B chart.[38]
Despite receiving the greatest critical acclaim of any album in Prince's career, including being named the top album of the year by the Pazz & Jop critics' poll, and eventually selling 3.2 million copies, album sales steadily declined.[39] In Europe, however, it performed well and Prince promoted the album overseas with a lengthy tour. Putting together a new backing band from the remnants of The Revolution, Prince added bassist Levi Seacer, Jr., Boni Boyer on keyboards, and dancer/choreographer Cat Glover to go with new drummer Sheila E. and holdovers Miko Weaver, Doctor Fink, Eric Leeds, Atlanta Bliss, and the Bodyguards (Jerome, Wally Safford, and Greg Brooks) for the Sign o' the Times Tour.
The tour was a success overseas, with Warner Bros. and Prince's managers wanting to bring it to the US to resuscitate sagging sales of Sign "O" the Times;[40][41] however, Prince balked at a full US tour, as he was ready to produce a new album.[40] As a compromise the last two nights of the tour were filmed for release in movie theaters. The film quality was deemed subpar and reshoots were performed at his Paisley Park studios.[40] The film Sign o' the Times was released on November 20, 1987. Much like the album, the film garnered more critical praise than the previous year's Under the Cherry Moon; however, its box-office receipts were minimal, and it quickly left theaters.[41]
The next album intended for release was to be The Black Album.[42] More instrumental and funk and R&B themed than recent releases,[43] The Black Album also saw Prince experiment with hip hop music on the songs "Bob George" and "Dead on It". Prince was set to release the album with a monochromatic black cover with only the catalog number printed, but after 500,000 copies had been pressed,[44] Prince had a spiritual epiphany that the album was evil and had it recalled.[45] It would later be released by Warner Bros. as a limited edition album in 1994. Prince went back in the studio for eight weeks and recorded Lovesexy.
Released on May 10, 1988, Lovesexy serves as a spiritual opposite to the dark The Black Album.[46] Every song is a solo effort by Prince, with exception of "Eye No" which was recorded with his backing band at the time, dubbed the "Lovesexy Band" by fans. Lovesexy would reach No. 11 on the Billboard 200 and No. 5 on the R&B albums chart.[47] The lead single, "Alphabet St.", peaked at No. 8 on the Hot 100 and No. 3 on the R&B chart,[37] but finished with only selling 750,000 copies.[48]
Prince again took his post-Revolution backing band (minus the Bodyguards) on a three leg, 84-show Lovesexy World Tour; although the shows were well received by huge crowds, they lost money due to the expensive sets and incorporated props.[49][50]



 Prince performing during his Nude Tour in 1990
In 1989, Prince appeared on Madonna's studio album Like a Prayer, co-writing and singing the duet "Love Song" and playing electric guitar (uncredited) on the songs "Like a Prayer", "Keep It Together", and "Act of Contrition". He also began work on a number of musical projects, including Rave Unto the Joy Fantastic and early drafts of his Graffiti Bridge film,[51][52] but both were put on hold when he was asked by Batman director Tim Burton to record several songs for the upcoming live-action adaptation. Prince went into the studio and produced an entire nine-track album that Warner Bros. released on June 20, 1989. Batman peaked at No.1 on the Billboard 200,[53] selling 4.3 million copies.[54] The single "Batdance" topped the Billboard and R&B charts.[37]
Additionally, the single "The Arms of Orion" with Sheena Easton charted at No. 36, and "Partyman" (also featuring the vocals of Prince's then-girlfriend, nicknamed Anna Fantastic) charted at No. 18 on the Hot 100 and at No. 5 on the R&B chart, while the love ballad "Scandalous!" went to No. 5 on the R&B chart.[37] However, he did have to sign away all publishing rights to the songs on the album to Warner Bros. as part of the deal to do the soundtrack.
In 1990, Prince went back on tour with a revamped band for his stripped down, back-to-basics Nude Tour. With the departures of Boni Boyer, Sheila E., the horns, and Cat, Prince brought in Rosie Gaines on keys, drummer Michael Bland, and dancing trio The Game Boyz (Tony M., Kirky J., and Damon Dickson). The European and Japanese tour was a financial success with its short, greatest hits setlist.[55] As the year progressed, Prince finished production on his fourth film, Graffiti Bridge, and the album of the same name. Initially, Warner Bros. was reluctant to fund the film, but with Prince's assurances it would be a sequel to Purple Rain as well as the involvement of the original members of The Time, the studio greenlit the project.[56] Released on August 20, 1990, the album reached No. 6 on the Billboard 200 and R&B albums chart.[57] The single "Thieves in the Temple" reaching No. 6 on the Hot 100 and No. 1 on the R&B chart.[37] Also from that album, "Round and Round" placed at No. 12 on the US charts and No. 2 on the R&B charts. The song featured the teenage Tevin Campbell (who also had a role in the film) on lead vocals. The film, released on November 20, 1990, was a critical and box-office flop, grossing just $4.2 million.[58] After the release of the film and album, the last remaining members of The Revolution, Miko Weaver and Doctor Fink, left Prince's band.
1991–94: The New Power Generation, Diamonds and Pearls and name change



 Prince's Yellow Cloud Guitar at the Smithsonian Castle. Prince can be seen playing this guitar in the "Gett Off" video.
1991 marked the debut of Prince's new band, the New Power Generation. With guitarist Miko Weaver and long-time keyboardist Doctor Fink gone, Prince added bass player Sonny T., Tommy Barbarella on keyboards, and a brass section known as the Hornheads to go along with Levi Seacer (taking over on guitar), Rosie Gaines, Michael Bland, and the Game Boyz. With significant input from his band members, Diamonds and Pearls was released on October 1, 1991. Reaching No. 3 on the Billboard 200 album chart,[59] Diamonds and Pearls saw four hit singles released in the United States. "Gett Off" peaked at No. 21 on the Hot 100 and No. 6 on the R&B charts, followed by "Cream", which gave Prince his fifth US No. 1 single. The title track "Diamonds and Pearls" became the album's third single, reaching No. 3 on the Hot 100 and the top spot on the R&B charts. "Money Don't Matter 2 Night" peaked at No. 23 and No. 14 on the Hot 100 and R&B charts respectively.[60]
1992 saw Prince and The New Power Generation release his 12th album, Love Symbol Album,[61] bearing only an unpronounceable symbol on the cover (later copyrighted as Love Symbol #2).[62] The album, generally referred to as the Love Symbol Album, would peak at No. 5 on the Billboard 200.[63] While the label wanted "7" to be the first single, Prince fought to have "My Name Is Prince" as he "felt that the song's more hip-hoppery would appeal to the same audience" that had purchased the previous album.[64] Prince got his way but "My Name Is Prince" only managed to reach No. 36 on the Billboard Hot 100 and No. 23 on the R&B chart. The follow-up single "Sexy MF" fared worse, charting at No. 66 on the Hot 100 and No. 76 on the R&B chart. The label's preferred lead single choice "7" would be the album's lone top ten hit, reaching No. 7.[60] 'Love Symbol Album' would go on to sell 2.8 million copies worldwide.[64]

Logo. Hollow circle above downward arrow crossed with a curlicued horn-shaped symbol and then a short bar

 The unpronounceable symbol (later dubbed "Love Symbol #2")
After two failed attempts in 1990 and 1991,[65] Warner Bros. finally released a greatest hits compilation with the three-disc The Hits/The B-Sides in 1993. The first two discs were also sold separately as The Hits 1 and The Hits 2. In addition to featuring the majority of Prince's hit singles (with the exception of "Batdance" and other songs that appeared on the Batman soundtrack), The Hits includes an array of previously hard-to-find recordings, notably B-sides spanning the majority of Prince's career, as well as a handful of previously unreleased tracks such as the Revolution-recorded "Power Fantastic" and a live recording of "Nothing Compares 2 U" with Rosie Gaines. Two new songs, "Pink Cashmere" and "Peach", were chosen as promotional singles to accompany the compilation album.
1993 also marked the year in which Prince changed his stage name to the Love Symbol (see left), which was explained as a combination of the symbols for male (♂) and female (♀).[62] In order to use the symbol in print media, Warner Bros. had to organize a mass mailing of floppy disks with a custom font.[66] Because the symbol had no stated pronunciation, he was often referred to as "The Artist Formerly Known as Prince", TAFKAP, and "The Artist".
1994–2000: Increased output and The Gold Experience
In 1994, Prince's attitude towards his artistic output underwent a notable shift. He began to view releasing albums in quick succession as a means of ejecting himself from his contractual obligations to Warner Bros. The label, he believed, was intent on limiting his artistic freedom by insisting that he release albums more sporadically. He also blamed Warner Bros. for the poor commercial performance of the Love Symbol Album, claiming that it was insufficiently marketed by Warner. It was out of these developments that the aborted The Black Album was officially released, approximately seven years after its initial recording and near-release. The "new" release, which was already in wide circulation as a bootleg, sold relatively poorly.
Following that disappointing venture, Warner Bros. succumbed to Prince's wishes to release an album of new material, to be entitled Come. When Come was eventually released, it confirmed all of Warner's fears. It became Prince's poorest-selling album to date, struggling to even shift 500,000 copies. Even more frustrating was the fact that Prince insisted on crediting the album to "Prince 1958–1993".
Prince pushed to have his next album The Gold Experience released simultaneously with Love Symbol-era material. Warner Bros. allowed the single "The Most Beautiful Girl in the World" to be released via a small, independent distributor, Bellmark Records, in February 1994. The release was successful, reaching No. 3 on the US Billboard Hot 100 and No. 1 in many other countries, but it would not prove to be a model for subsequent releases. Warner Bros. still resisted releasing The Gold Experience, fearing poor sales and citing "market saturation" as a defense. When eventually released in September 1995, The Gold Experience failed to sell well, although it reached the top 10 of the Billboard 200 initially, and many reviewed it as Prince's best effort since Sign "O" the Times. The album is now out-of-print. Chaos and Disorder, released in 1996, was Prince's final album of new material for Warner Bros., as well as one of his least commercially successful releases. Prince attempted a major comeback later that year when, free of any further contractual obligations to Warner Bros., he released Emancipation, a 36-song, 3-CD set (each disc was exactly 60 minutes long). The album was released via his own NPG Records with distribution through EMI. To publish his songs on Emancipation, Prince did not use Controversy Music – ASCAP, which he had used for all his records since 1981, but rather used Emancipated Music Inc.[67] – ASCAP.
Certified Platinum by the RIAA, Emancipation is the first record featuring covers by Prince of songs of other artists: Joan Osborne's top ten hit song of 1995 "One of Us";[68] "Betcha by Golly Wow!" (written by Thomas Randolf Bell and Linda Creed);[69] "I Can't Make You Love Me" (written by James Allen Shamblin II and Michael Barry Reid);[70] and "La-La (Means I Love You)" (written by Thomas Randolf Bell and William Hart).[71]
Prince released Crystal Ball, a five-CD collection of unreleased material, in 1998. The distribution of this album was disorderly, with some fans pre-ordering the album on his website up to a year before it was eventually shipped to them; these pre-orders were eventually delivered months after the record had gone on sale in retail stores. The retail edition has only four discs, as it is missing the Kamasutra disc. There are also two different packaging editions for retail, one being in a four-disc sized jewel case with a simple white cover and the Love Symbol in a colored circle; the other is all four discs in a round translucent snap jewel case. The discs are the same, as is the CD jacket. The Newpower Soul album released three months later failed to make much of an impression on the charts. His collaboration on Chaka Khan's Come 2 My House, and Larry Graham's GCS2000, both released on the NPG Records label around the same time as Newpower Soul met with the same fate, despite heavy promotion and live appearances on Vibe with Sinbad, and the NBC Today show's Summer Concert Series.
In 1999, Prince once again signed with a major label, Arista Records, to release a new record, Rave Un2 the Joy Fantastic. In an attempt to make his new album a success, Prince easily gave more interviews than at any other point in his career, appearing on MTV's Total Request Live (with his album cover on the front of the Virgin Megastore, in the background on TRL throughout the whole show), Larry King Live (with Larry Graham) and other media outlets. Nevertheless, Rave Un2 the Joy Fantastic failed to perform well commercially. A few months earlier, Warner Bros. had also released The Vault: Old Friends 4 Sale, a collection of unreleased material recorded by Prince throughout his career, and his final recording commitment on his contract with Warner Bros. The greatest success he had during the year was with the EP 1999: The New Master, released in time for Prince to collect a small portion of the sales dollars Warner Bros. had been seeing for the album and singles of the original 1999.
The pay-per-view concert, Rave Un2 the Year 2000, was broadcast on December 31, 1999 and consisted of footage from the December 17 and 18 concerts of his 1999 tour. The concert featured appearances by many guest musicians including Lenny Kravitz, George Clinton, Jimmy Russell, and The Time. It was released to home video the following year. A remix album, Rave In2 the Joy Fantastic (as opposed to "Un2") was released exclusively through Prince's NPG Music Club in April 2000.
2000–06: Turnaround, Musicology, label change and 3121
On May 16, 2000, Prince ceased using the Love Symbol moniker and returned to using "Prince" again, after his publishing contract with Warner/Chappell expired. In a press conference, he stated that, after being freed from undesirable relationships associated with the name "Prince", he would formally revert to using his real name. Prince still frequently uses the symbol as a logo and on album artwork and continues to play a Love Symbol-shaped guitar. For several years following the release of Rave Un2 the Joy Fantastic, Prince primarily released new music through his Internet subscription service, NPGOnlineLtd.com (later NPGMusicClub.com). Two albums that show substantive jazz influence were available commercially at record stores: 2001's The Rainbow Children, and the 2003 instrumental record N.E.W.S which was nominated for a Best Pop Instrumental Album Grammy Award. Another album of largely jazz-influenced music, Xpectation, was released via download in 2003 to members of the NPGMusicClub. Xpectation is jazz themed along with new age and atmospheric themes.
In 2002, Prince released his first live album, One Nite Alone... Live!, which features performances from the One Nite Alone...Tour. The 3-CD box set, which also includes a disc of "aftershow" music entitled It Ain't Over!, failed to chart. During this time, Prince sought to engage more effectively with his fan base via the NPG Music Club, pre-concert sound checks, and at yearly "celebrations" at Paisley Park, his music studios. Fans were invited into the studio for tours, interviews, discussions and music-listening sessions. Some of these fan discussions were filmed for an unreleased documentary, directed by Kevin Smith. Smith discusses what happened during those days at length in his An Evening with Kevin Smith DVD. Performances were also arranged to showcase Prince's talents, as well as to collaborate with popular and well-established artists and guests including Alicia Keys, the Time, Erykah Badu, Nikka Costa, George Clinton, and Norah Jones.
On February 8, 2004, Prince appeared at the Grammy Awards with Beyoncé Knowles. In a performance that opened the show, Prince and Knowles performed a medley of "Purple Rain", "Let's Go Crazy", "Baby I'm a Star", and Knowles' "Crazy in Love". The following month, Prince was inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame. The award was presented to him by Alicia Keys along with Big Boi and André 3000 of OutKast. As well as performing a trio of his own hits during the ceremony, Prince also participated in a tribute to fellow inductee George Harrison in a rendering of Harrison's "While My Guitar Gently Weeps", playing a long guitar solo that ended the song. In addition he performed "Red House" on the album Power of Soul: A Tribute to Jimi Hendrix. On February 19, The Tavis Smiley Show broadcast included a performance of "Reflection" from Prince's Musicology album. Prince was accompanied by Wendy Melvoin, formerly of The Revolution.
In April 2004, Prince released Musicology through a one-album agreement with Columbia Records. The album rose as high as the top five on a number of international charts (including the US, UK, Germany and Australia). The US chart success was assisted by the CD being included as part of the concert ticket purchase, and each CD thereby qualifying (as chart rules then stood) towards US chart placement. Musicology is R&B and soul-themed along with funk, pop, quiet storm, and rock. Three months later, Spin named him the greatest frontman of all time.[72] That same year, Rolling Stone magazine named Prince as the highest-earning musician in the world, with an annual income of $56.5 million,[73] largely due to his Musicology Tour, which Pollstar named as the top concert draw among musicians in US. The artist played an impressive run of 96 concerts; the average ticket price for a show was US$61. Further highlighting the success of the album, Prince's Musicology went on to receive two Grammy wins, for Best Male R&B Vocal Performance for "Call My Name" and Best Traditional R&B Vocal Performance for the title track. Musicology was also nominated for Best R&B Song and Best R&B Album, while "Cinnamon Girl" was nominated for Best Male Pop Vocal Performance. The album became the artist's most commercially successful since Diamonds and Pearls, partly due to a radical scheme devised which included in Billboard′s sales figures those that were distributed to each customer during ticket sales for the Musicology tour, with concert figures accounting for 25% of the total album sales.[74] Rolling Stone magazine has ranked Prince No. 27 on their list of 100 Greatest Artists of All Time.[7]
In April 2005, Prince played guitar (along with En Vogue singing backing vocals) on Stevie Wonder's single "So What the Fuss", Wonder's first since 1999.[75] In the aftermath of Hurricane Katrina, which devastated the city of New Orleans on August 29, 2005, Prince offered a personal response by recording two new songs, "S.S.T." and the instrumental "Brand New Orleans", at Paisley Park in the early hours of September 2. Prince again performed all instrumental and vocal parts. These recordings were quickly dispersed to the public via Prince's NPG Music Club, and "S.S.T." was later picked up by iTunes, where it reached No. 1 on the store's R&B chart. On October 25, Sony Records released a version of the single on CD.
In late 2005, Prince signed with Universal Records to release his album, 3121, on March 21, 2006 (3/21). The first single was the Latin-tinged "Te Amo Corazón", the video for which was directed by actress Salma Hayek and filmed in Marrakech, Morocco, featuring Argentine actress and singer Mía Maestro. The video for the second single, "Black Sweat", was nominated at the MTV VMAs for Best Cinematography. The immediate success of 3121 gave Prince his first No. 1 debut on the Billboard 200 with the album. To promote the new album, Prince was the musical guest on Saturday Night Live on February 4, 2006, 17 years after his last SNL appearance on the 15th anniversary special and nearly 25 years since his first appearance on a regular episode in 1981, making Prince the only SNL musical guest to have that long of a gap between appearances. He performed two songs from the album, "Fury" and "Beautiful, Loved & Blessed", with Támar. Prince also held a contest to win a trip to see a 'Purple Ticket Concert' at his private residence in Hollywood, California. Seven winning tickets were placed inside 3121 CD packages in the US, and other tickets were given away in various contests on the Internet and around the world. On May 6, 2006, 24 prizewinners (with a guest each) attended a star-studded private party and performance at Prince's home.
On June 12, 2006, Prince received a Webby Lifetime Achievement Award in recognition of his "visionary" use of the Internet; Prince was the first major artist to release an entire album, 1997's Crystal Ball, exclusively on the Internet (although he did take phone orders for it as well...1-800-NEW-FUNK).
Only weeks after winning a Webby Award, Prince abruptly shut down his then-official NPG Music Club website on July 4, 2006, after more than five years of operation.[citation needed] On the day of the music club's shutdown, a lawsuit was filed against Prince by the British company HM Publishing (owners of the Nature Publishing Group, also NPG). Despite these events occurring on the same day, Prince's attorney has called it pure coincidence and stated that the site did not close due to the trademark dispute.[76] Prince appeared at multiple award ceremonies in 2006. On February 15, 2006, Prince performed at the BRIT Awards along with Wendy & Lisa and Sheila E. He played "Te Amo Corazón" and "Fury" from 3121 and "Purple Rain" and "Let's Go Crazy" from Purple Rain. On June 27, 2006, Prince appeared at the BET Awards, where he was awarded Best Male R&B Artist. In addition to receiving his award, Prince performed a medley of Chaka Khan songs for Khan's BET Lifetime Award. Prince had previously written and performed several songs with the singer.
In November 2006, Prince was inducted into the UK Music Hall of Fame, appearing to collect his award but not performing. Also in November 2006, Prince opened a nightclub named 3121 in Las Vegas at the Rio All Suite Hotel and Casino. He performed weekly on Friday and Saturday nights until April 2007, when his contract with the Rio ended. On August 22, 2006, Prince released Ultimate Prince. The double disc set contains one CD of previous hits, and another of extended versions and mixes of material that had largely only previously been available on vinyl record B-sides. Prince wrote and performed a song for the hit 2006 animated film Happy Feet. The song, entitled "The Song of the Heart", appears on the film's soundtrack, which also features a cover of Prince's earlier hit "Kiss", sung by Nicole Kidman and Hugh Jackman. In January 2007, "The Song of the Heart" won a Golden Globe for Best Original Song.[77]
2007–10: Super Bowl XLI, Planet Earth and LOtUSFLOW3R



 Prince's stage set for the Earth Tour in 2007
On February 2, 2007, Prince played at the Super Bowl XLI press conference. He and the band played a set comprising Chuck Berry's hit, "Johnny B. Goode", "Anotherloverholenyohead" from Parade and "Get On the Boat" from 3121. Prince performed at the Super Bowl XLI halftime show in Miami, Florida on February 4, 2007. The performance consisted of three Purple Rain tracks ("Let's Go Crazy", "Baby I'm a Star" and the title track), along with cover versions of "We Will Rock You" by Queen, "All Along the Watchtower" by Bob Dylan, the Foo Fighters song "Best of You" and "Proud Mary" by Creedence Clearwater Revival. Coincidentally, Miami had rain on the day of the Super Bowl, which was lit purple during the performance of "Purple Rain". He played on a large stage shaped as his symbol. The event was carried to 140 million television viewers, the largest audience of his life. On February 4, 2010, Billboard.com ranked the performance as the greatest Super Bowl performance ever.[78]
Prince played 21 concerts in London during the summer of 2007. The Earth Tour included 21 nights at the 20,000 capacity O2 Arena, with Maceo Parker in his band. Tickets for the O2 Arena were capped by Prince at £31.21. The residency at the O2 Arena was increased to 15 nights after all 140,000 tickets for the original seven sold out in just 20 minutes.[79] It was then further extended to 21 nights.[80] On May 10, 2007, Prince performed a "secret" gig at London's KOKO in front of a small crowd of fans and celebrities. A prelude to the forthcoming summer gigs in London, Prince played a relaxed set of hits including ("Kiss", changing the lyric from "You don't have to watch Dynasty" to Desperate Housewives, "Girls & Boys", and "Nothing Compares 2 U") alongside more recent tracks, plus a cover version of Gnarls Barkley's "Crazy".
Prince made an appearance at the 2007 ALMA Awards, performing with Sheila E. in June 2007. On June 28, 2007, the UK national newspaper the Mail on Sunday revealed that it had made a deal to give Prince's new album, Planet Earth, away for free with an "imminent" edition of the paper, making it the first place in the world to get the album. This move sparked controversy among music distributors and also led the UK arm of Prince's distributor, Sony BMG, to withdraw from distributing the album in UK stores.[81] The UK's largest high street music retailer, HMV, decided to stock the paper on release day due to the giveaway. Planet Earth is rock-oriented along with disco, and other various music styles. On July 7, 2007, Prince returned to his hometown of Minneapolis to perform three shows in what was unofficially declared Prince Day in Minnesota. He performed concerts at the Macy's Auditorium (to promote his new perfume "3121") on Nicollet Mall, the Target Center arena, and First Avenue.[82] It was the first time he had played at First Avenue (the club appeared in the film Purple Rain) since 1987.[83]



 Prince playing with Maceo Parker in the O2
On April 25, 2008, Prince performed on The Tonight Show with Jay Leno, where he debuted a new song, "Turn Me Loose". Days after, he headlined the Coachella Festival 2008. Prince was paid more than $5 million for his performance at Coachella, according to Reuters.[84] Prince cancelled a concert, planned at Dublin's Croke Park on June 16, 2008, at just 10 days' notice. In October 2009 promoters MCD Productions went to court to sue Prince for €1.6 million, after paying him $1.5 million, half his agreed fee of $3 million for the concert. MCD claim they had to refund 55,126 tickets purchased and its total losses exceeded $1.66 million. Prince's lawyers argued the MCD claim was "greatly inflated".[85][86] Prince settled the case out of court in February 2010 for $2.95 million.[87][88] During the trial, it was revealed that Prince had been offered $22 million for seven concerts as part of a proposed 2008 European tour.[89] In October 2008, Prince released a live album entitled Indigo Nights, as well as 21 Nights, an accompanying book of poems, lyrics and photos. The book chronicled his record-breaking tenure at London's O2 Arena in 2007, while the album is a collection of songs performed live at aftershows in the IndigO2.



 Prince at the Coachella Festival in 2008
On December 18, 2008, Prince premiered four songs from his new album on LA's Indie rock radio station Indie 103.1.[90] The radio station's programmers Max Tolkoff and Mark Sovel had been invited to Prince's home to hear the new rock-oriented music. Prince then surprised the two by giving them a CD with four songs to premiere on their radio station. The music debuted the next day on Jonesy's Jukebox, hosted by Sex Pistol Steve Jones.[91] The music comprised a cover of "Crimson and Clover" by Tommy James and the Shondells, together with "Colonized Mind", "Wall of Berlin" and "4ever". The same day, another new Prince composition entitled "(There'll Never B) Another Like Me" premiered on the now obsolete and defunct website mplsound.com — replacing a shorter, instrumental version of the song that streamed several days previously.
On January 3, 2009, a new website LotusFlow3r.com was launched, streaming some of the recently aired material ("Crimson and Clover", "(There'll Never B) Another Like Me" and "Here Eye Come") and promising opportunities to listen to and buy music by Prince and guests, watch videos and buy concert tickets for future events. On January 31, Prince released two more songs on LotusFlow3r.com: "Disco Jellyfish", and "Another Boy". "Chocolate Box", "Colonized Mind", and "All This Love" have since been released on the website. Prince released a triple album set containing LOtUSFLOW3R, MPLSoUND, and an album credited to his new protégé, Bria Valente, called Elixer, on March 24, 2009, followed by a physical release on March 29. The release was preceded by performances on The Tonight Show with Jay Leno and The Ellen DeGeneres Show. It was released in other countries digitally, with official physical release dates yet to be announced. The album peaked at No. 2 on the Billboard 200, and critics' opinions were mixed to positive.
On July 18, 2009, Prince performed two shows at the Montreux Jazz Festival, being backed by the New Power Generation including Rhonda Smith, Renato Neto and John Blackwell. There he played "A Large Room with No Light", which had been in Prince's "vault" for some time. On October 11, 2009, Prince gave two surprise concerts at the glass-and-iron Grand Palais exhibition hall after visiting the landmark Paris building on the banks of the Seine.[92] On October 12, he gave another surprise gig at La Cigale. On October 24, Prince played a concert at his own Paisley Park complex in Minneapolis, Minnesota.[93]
2010–12: 20Ten and The Welcome 2 Tours
In January 2010, Prince wrote a new song, "Purple and Gold", inspired by his visit to a Minnesota Vikings football game against the Dallas Cowboys.[94] The song is a simple, drumline-driven track. The following month, Prince let Minneapolis-area public radio station 89.3 The Current premiere his new song "Cause and Effect" as a gesture in support of independent radio.[95]
In 2010, Prince was listed in TIME magazine's annual ranking of the "100 Most Influential People in the World".[96]
Prince released a new single on Minneapolis radio station 89.3 The Current called "Hot Summer" on June 7, his 52nd birthday. Also in June, Prince appeared on the cover of the July 2010 issue of Ebony,[97] and he received the Lifetime Achievement Award at the 2010 BET Awards.[98]
Prince released his album 20Ten in July 2010 as a free covermount with publications in the UK, Belgium, Germany, and France.[99] Prince has refused access to the album to digital download services. He also closed his official website, LotusFlow3r.com. In an interview with the Daily Mirror, Prince said, "The Internet's completely over. I don't see why I should give my new music to iTunes or anyone else. They won't pay me an advance for it and then they get angry when they can't get it... Anyway, all these computers and digital gadgets are no good. They just fill your head with numbers and that can't be good for you."[100]
On July 4, 2010 Prince began his 20Ten Tour, a concert tour in two legs with shows in Europe. The second leg began on October 15[101] and ended with a concert following the Abu Dhabi Grand Prix on November 14.[102] The second half of the tour has a new band, John Blackwell, Ida Kristine Nielsen, and Sheila E.[103] Prince let Europe 1 debut the snippet of his new song "Rich Friends" from the "new" album 20Ten Deluxe on October 8, 2010.[104] Prince started the Welcome 2 Tour on December 15, 2010.[105]
Prince was inducted in the Grammy Hall of Fame on December 7, 2010.[106]
On February 12, 2011, Prince presented Barbra Streisand with an award and donated $1.5 million to charities.[107] On the same day, it was reported that he was unimpressed about Glee covering his hit "Kiss", and that he had not authorised its use.[108]
On the May 18, 2011, it was announced that Prince would be headlining Hop Farm Festival on July 3, 2011, marking his first UK show since 2007 and his first ever UK festival appearance.[109]
Despite having previously rejected the Internet for music distribution, on November 24, 2011, Prince re-released a reworked version of the previously unreleased song "Extraloveable" through both iTunes and Spotify.[110][111][112] Purple Music, a Switzerland-based record label, released a CD single "Dance 4 Me" on December 12, 2011, as part of a club remixes package including Bria Valente CD single "2 Nite" released on February 23, 2012. The CD features club remixes by Jamie Lewis and David Alexander, produced by Prince.[113][114]
2013–present: 3rdeyegirl and return to Warner Bros.
In January 2013, Prince released a lyric video for a new song called "Screwdriver".[115] A couple of months later in April 2013, Prince announced a short West Coast tour with 3rdeyegirl as his backing band.[116] The final two dates of the tour were in Minneapolis where former Revolution drummer Bobby Z. sat in as guest drummer on both shows.[117] In May, Prince announced a deal with Kobalt Music to market and distribute his music.[118]
On August 14, 2013, Prince officially sent his first tweet through the 3RDEYEGIRL Twitter account.[119] The same day, he released a new solo single for exclusive download through the 3RDEYEGIRL.com website.[120] The single "Breakfast Can Wait" received attention for its cover art, featuring comedian Dave Chappelle's notable impersonation of the singer in a sketch on the 2000s Comedy Central series Chappelle's Show.[121]
In February 2014, Prince performed concerts with 3rdeyegirl in London. Beginning with intimate shows, the first was held at the London home of singer Lianne La Havas, followed by two performances of what Prince described as a "sound check" at the Electric Ballroom in Camden,[122] and another at Shepherds Bush Empire.[123]
On April 18, 2014, Prince released a new single entitled "The Breakdown". Along with the surprise release, news came that a new album was in the works, an expanded edition of Purple Rain would be released for the 30th anniversary, and he has re-signed with his former label, Warner Bros. Records after an 18-year split. He also gained the rights to his master recordings from the 1980s, which had been a point of contention for his initial split with the major label.[124]
In May 2015, following the death of Freddie Gray and the subsequent riots, Prince released a song entitled 'Baltimore' in tribute to Gray and in support of the protesters in Baltimore. [125][126][127][128] He also held a surprise tribute concert for Gray at his Paisley Park estate called 'Dance Rally 4 Peace' in which he reportedly encouraged fans to wear the color gray in honor of Freddie Gray.[129]
Personal life
Prince resides near Minneapolis, Minnesota.[130] Over the years Prince has been romantically linked with many celebrities, including Kim Basinger, Madonna, Vanity, Sheila E., Carmen Electra, Susanna Hoffs, Anna Fantastic,[11] Sherilyn Fenn,[131] and Susan Moonsie of Vanity 6 and Apollonia 6.[14] Prince was engaged to Susannah Melvoin in 1985.[132] He married his backup singer and dancer, Mayte Garcia, on Valentine's Day, 1996. They had a son, Boy Gregory (born October 16, 1996), who was born with Pfeiffer syndrome and died a week after birth.[133] Prince and Mayte divorced in 1999. In 2001, Prince married Manuela Testolini in a private ceremony. Testolini filed for divorce in May 2006.[134] He also had a short-term relationship with protégée Bria Valente in 2007.[100]
Prince became a member of Jehovah's Witnesses in 2001 following a two-year-long debate with friend and fellow Jehovah's Witness, musician Larry Graham. Prince said he didn't consider it a conversion, but a "realization"; "It's like Morpheus and Neo in The Matrix," he explained. He attends meetings at a local Kingdom Hall and occasionally knocks on people's doors to discuss his faith.[135] Prince has reportedly needed double-hip-replacement surgery since 2005 but won't undergo the operation unless it is a bloodless surgery because Jehovah's Witnesses do not accept blood transfusions.[136] The condition is rumored to be aggravated by repeated onstage dancing in high-heeled boots.[137] However, when Prince was interviewed in 2010, journalist Peter Willis said he believed the rumors of Prince needing double hip surgery to be unfounded and untrue as Prince appeared to be agile.[100]
Prince is vegan.[138] The liner notes for his album Rave Un2 the Joy Fantastic featured a message about the cruelty involved in wool production.[139]
Since 2008, Prince has been managed by UK-based Kiran Sharma.[140]
Speaking about her relationship with Prince in an interview with Norwegian station NRK in November 2014, Sinead O'Connor said that Prince had summoned her to his house after "Nothing Compares 2U". O'Connor said "I made it without him. I'd never met him. He summoned me to his house—and it's foolish to do this to an Irish woman—he said he didn't like me saying bad words in interviews. So I told him to fuck off." O'Connor alleged the row became physical. "He got quite violent. I had to escape out of his house at 5 in the morning. He packed a bigger punch than mine."[141] "Nothing Compares 2U" is the song Prince penned which later became a worldwide hit for O'Connor in 1990.
Multi-instrumental abilities


 This section of a biography of a living person does not include any references or sources. Please help by adding reliable sources. Contentious material about living people that is unsourced or poorly sourced must be removed immediately. (December 2014)
In addition to his singing abilities (which encompass a wide range from falsetto to baritone and rapid, flamboyant shifts of register, as well as diverse characterisation) Prince is one of pop music's most prominent multi-instrumentalists. The precise number of instruments he is capable of playing remains obscure, partly due to the active mythologizing of his abilities and working practices (such as the claim that he had played "all 27 instruments" on his debut album, which appears to have included various different kinds of guitar, keyboard and synthesizer in the total).
As a live performer he tends to focus on guitar, piano, lead vocals and occasional harmonica. On recordings he has also played assorted keyboards and synthesizers, bass guitar, drums, various percussion instruments and saxophone, as well as mastering both drum and synthesizer programming. Prince has mentioned learning and performing simple parts on particular instruments that he does not otherwise play (such as concert harp) in order to serve song arrangements on albums.
Stage names
In 1993, during negotiations regarding the release of The Gold Experience, a legal battle ensued between Warner Bros. and Prince over the artistic and financial control of his musical output. During the lawsuit, he appeared in public with the word "slave" written on his cheek. Prince explained his name change as follows:

The first step I have taken toward the ultimate goal of emancipation from the chains that bind me to Warner Bros. was to change my name from Prince to the Love Symbol. Prince is the name that my mother gave me at birth. Warner Bros. took the name, trademarked it, and used it as the main marketing tool to promote all of the music that I wrote. The company owns the name Prince and all related music marketed under Prince. I became merely a pawn used to produce more money for Warner Bros...
I was born Prince and did not want to adopt another conventional name. The only acceptable replacement for my name, and my identity, was the Love Symbol, a symbol with no pronunciation, that is a representation of me and what my music is about. This symbol is present in my work over the years; it is a concept that has evolved from my frustration; it is who I am. It is my name.[142]
Prince is a trademark owned by Paisley Park Enterprises Inc. It was initially filed with the United States Patent and Trademark Office (USPTO) in 2005 in the categories of printed materials, clothing, electronic commerce, and entertainment services based on first commercial in 1978.[143] Various searches to the USPTO did not find any registrations or transfers of "Prince" or related names by Warner Bros. In 1991, PRN Music Corporation assigned the trademarks Prince, The Time, Paisley Park, New Power Generation, and Prince and the Revolution to Paisley Park Enterprises.[144]
Prince has used pseudonyms to separate himself from the music (either his own or that of others) for which he has had input; "I was just getting tired of seeing my name," he said, "If you give away an idea, you still own that idea. In fact, giving it away strengthens it. Why do people feel they have to take credit for everything they do? Ego, that's the only reason."[145] These pseudonyms include: Jamie Starr and The Starr Company (for the songs he wrote for the Time and many other artists from 1981–1984),[146][147] Joey Coco (for many unreleased Prince songs in the late 1980s, as well as songs written for Sheena Easton & Kenny Rogers),[148] Paisley Park (occasionally used in the early 1990s for his production credits on songs, including those written for Martika and Kid Creole),[149] Alexander Nevermind (for writing the 1984 song "Sugar Walls" by Sheena Easton),[150] and Christopher (used for his song writing credit of "Manic Monday" for the Bangles).[151]
Copyright issues
On September 14, 2007, Prince announced that he was going to sue YouTube and eBay because they "are clearly able [to] filter porn and pedophile material but appear to choose not to filter out the unauthorized music and film content which is core to their business success." Web Sheriff, the international Internet policing company he hired, told Reuters: "The problem is that one can reduce it to zero and then the next day there will be 100 or 500 or whatever. This carries on ad nauseam at Prince's expense."[152][153]
In October 2007, Stephanie Lenz filed a lawsuit against Universal Music Publishing Group, claiming they were abusing copyright law, after the music publisher had YouTube take down Lenz's home movie in which the Prince song "Let's Go Crazy" played faintly in the background.[154]
On November 5, 2007, several fan sites of Prince formed "Prince Fans United" to fight back against legal requests they claim Prince made to cease and desist all use of photographs, images, lyrics, album covers and anything linked to Prince's likeness.[155] While Prince's lawyers claimed that the use of such representations constituted copyright infringement, the Prince Fans United claimed that the legal actions were "attempts to stifle all critical commentary about Prince." A few days later, Prince released a statement denying the fansites' claims, stating "The action taken earlier this week was not to shut down fansites, or control comment in any way. The issue was simply to do with in regards to copyright and trademark of images and only images, and no lawsuits have been filed." The statement from AEG, Prince's promoter, asserted that the only "offending items" on the three fansites were live shots from Prince's 21 nights in London at the O2 Arena earlier in the year.[156]
On November 8, 2007, Prince Fans United received a song named "PFUnk", providing a kind of "unofficial answer" to their movement. The song, originally debuted on the PFU main site,[157] was retitled "F.U.N.K." and is available on iTunes.
On November 14, 2007, it was reported that the satirical website b3ta.com had pulled their "image challenge of the week" devoted to Prince after legal threats from the star under the Digital Millennium Copyright Act. B3ta co-founder Rob Manuel wrote on the site: "Under threat of legal action from Prince's legal team of 'potential closure of your web site' – We have removed the Prince image challenge and B3ta apologizes unreservedly to AEG / NPG and Prince for any offence caused. We also ask our members to avoid photoshopping Prince and posting them on our boards."[158]
At the 2008 Coachella Music Festival, Prince performed a cover of Radiohead's "Creep", but immediately after he forced YouTube and other sites to remove footage that fans had taken of the performance, despite Radiohead's demand for it to remain on the website.[159] Days later, YouTube reinstated the videos, while Radiohead claimed "it's our song, let people hear it." In 2009, Prince put the video of that Coachella performance on his then-official website LotusFlow3r.com.
In 2013, the Electronic Frontier Foundation granted to Prince the inaugural "Raspberry Beret Lifetime Aggrievement Award",[160] a reference to resentment of parties who allege unfair treatment and misuse of copyright claims by the artist and his lawyers.[161]
In January 2014, Prince filed a lawsuit titled Prince v. Chodera against 22 online users for direct copyright infringement, unauthorized fixation, and contributory copyright infringement and bootlegging.[162] Several of the users were fans who had shared links to bootlegged versions of several Prince concerts through social media websites like Facebook.[163][164]
Discography
Main articles: Prince albums discography and Prince singles discography
Studio albums
For You (1978)
Prince (1979)
Dirty Mind (1980)
Controversy (1981)
1999 (1982)
Purple Rain (1984)
Around the World in a Day (1985)
Parade (1986)
Sign o' the Times (1987)
Lovesexy (1988)
Batman (1989)
Graffiti Bridge (1990)
Diamonds and Pearls (1991)
Love Symbol Album Prince logo.svg (1992)
Come (1994)
The Black Album (1994)
The Gold Experience (1995)
Chaos and Disorder (1996)
Emancipation (1996)
Crystal Ball (1998)
Rave Un2 the Joy Fantastic (1999)
The Rainbow Children (2001)
One Nite Alone... (2002)
Xpectation (2003)
N.E.W.S (2003)
The Chocolate Invasion (2004)
The Slaughterhouse (2004)
Musicology (2004)
3121 (2006)
Planet Earth (2007)
Lotusflow3r / MPLSound (2009)
20Ten (2010)
Plectrumelectrum (2014)
Art Official Age (2014)
Filmography

Year
Film
Role

1984 Purple Rain The Kid
1986 Under the Cherry Moon Christopher Tracy
1987 Sign o' the Times Himself
1990 Graffiti Bridge The Kid

Tours
Prince Tour (1979–80)
Dirty Mind Tour (1980–81)
Controversy Tour (1981–82)
1999 Tour (1982–83)
Purple Rain Tour (1984–85)
Parade Tour (1986)
Sign o' the Times Tour (1987)
Lovesexy Tour (1988–89)
Nude Tour (1990)
Diamonds and Pearls Tour (1992)
Act I and II (1993)
The Ultimate Live Experience (1995)
Gold Tour (1996)
Love 4 One Another Charities Tour (1997)
Jam of the Year Tour (1997–98)
New Power Soul Tour/Festival (1998)
Hit n Run Tour (2000–01)
A Celebration (2001)
One Nite Alone... Tour (2002)
2003–2004 World Tour (2003–04)
Musicology Live 2004ever (2004)
Per4ming Live 3121 (2006–07)
21 Nights in London: The Earth Tour (2007)
20Ten Tour (2010)
Welcome 2 (2010–12)
Live Out Loud Tour w/3rdeyegirl (2013)
Awards and nominations
Grammy Awards
Earning 33 nominations, Prince has won seven Grammys. He also has had two albums − 1999 and Purple Rain − awarded the Grammy Hall of Fame Award.

Year
Nominated work
Award category
Result
1984 "International Lover" Best Male R&B Vocal Performance Nominated
1985 Purple Rain Album of the Year Nominated
Purple Rain Best Rock Performance by a Duo or Group with Vocal Won
Purple Rain Best Score Soundtrack Album for a Motion Picture, Television or Other Visual Media Won
"I Feel for You" Best R&B Song Won
1987 "Kiss" Best R&B Performance by a Duo or Group with Vocal Won
"Kiss" Best R&B Song Nominated
1988 Sign "O" the Times Album of the Year Nominated
"U Got the Look" Best R&B Performance by a Duo or Group with Vocal Nominated
"U Got the Look" Best R&B Song Nominated
1990 Batman Best Male Pop Vocal Performance Nominated
"Batdance" Best Male R&B Vocal Performance Nominated
1991 "Nothing Compares 2 U" Song of the Year Nominated
1992 "Gett Off" Best R&B Performance by a Duo or Group with Vocal Nominated
1993 "Diamonds and Pearls" Best Pop Performance by a Duo or Group with Vocal Nominated
1995 "The Most Beautiful Girl in the World" Best Male Pop Vocal Performance Nominated
1996 "Eye Hate U" Best Male R&B Vocal Performance Nominated
The Gold Experience Best R&B Album Nominated
2004 N.E.W.S. Best Pop Instrumental Album Nominated
2005 "Cinnamon Girl" Best Male Pop Vocal Performance Nominated
"Call My Name" Best Male R&B Vocal Performance Won
"Call My Name" Best R&B Song Nominated
"Musicology" Best Traditional R&B Vocal Performance Won
Musicology Best R&B Album Nominated
2007 "Black Sweat" Best Male R&B Vocal Performance Nominated
"Beautiful, Loved and Blessed" Best R&B Performance by a Duo or Group with Vocal Nominated
"3121" Best Urban/Alternative Performance Nominated
"Black Sweat" Best R&B Song Nominated
3121 Best R&B Album Nominated
2008 "Future Baby Mama" Best Male R&B Vocal Performance Won
"The Song of the Heart" Best Song Written for a Motion Picture, Television or Other Visual Media Nominated
2010 "Dreamer" Best Solo Rock Vocal Performance Nominated
MTV Video Music Awards
The MTV Video Music Awards (VMAs) is an award show by cable network MTV to honor the top music videos of the year. It was first held in September 1984 and was originally meant as an alternative to the Grammy Awards in the video category. Prince has won four awards from 12 nominations throughout his career.

Year
Nominated work
Award category
Result
1985 "When Doves Cry" Best Choreography in a Video Nominated
1986 "Raspberry Beret" Best Choreography in a Video Won
1988 "U Got the Look" Best Male Video Won
Best Stage Performance in a Video Won
Best Choreography in a Video Nominated
Best Editing in a Video Nominated
1989 "I Wish U Heaven" Best Special Effects in a Video Nominated
1990 "Batdance" Best Video from a Film Nominated
1992 "Cream" Best Dance Video Won
1993 "7" Best R&B Video Nominated
2004 "Musicology" Best Male Video Nominated
2006 "Black Sweat" Best Cinematography in a Video Nominated
Academy Awards

Year
Nominated work
Award category
Result
1985 "Purple Rain" Best Original Song Score Won
See also
Book icon Book: Prince

List of best-selling music artists
List of best-selling music artists in the United States
Unreleased Prince projects
References
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55.Jump up ^ Hahn 2004, p. 166.
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57.Jump up ^ "Graffiti Bridge". Billboard. Retrieved January 13, 2001. Check date values in: |accessdate= (help)[dead link]
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68.Jump up ^ "Chart history for 'One Of Us'". Billboard. Archived from the original on May 21, 2008. Retrieved July 18, 2009.
69.Jump up ^ "BMI credits for "Betcha By Golly Wow!"". Repertoire.bmi.com. Retrieved July 18, 2009.
70.Jump up ^ "BMI credits for "I Can't Make You Love Me"". Ascap.com. Retrieved July 18, 2009.
71.Jump up ^ "BMI credits for "La-La Means I Love You"". Repertoire.bmi.com. Retrieved July 18, 2009.
72.Jump up ^ "Prince Tops Frontmen Poll". Contactmusic.com. July 27, 2004. Archived from the original on June 29, 2013. Retrieved June 29, 2013.
73.Jump up ^ "Prince crowned 'top music earner'". BBC. February 9, 2005.
74.Jump up ^ D'Angelo, Joe (May 28, 2004). "Billboard Sours On Prince's Musicology Sales Experiment: Magazine changes policy on tallying albums sold with tickets". MTV.
75.Jump up ^ "So What the Fuss credits". Discog.
76.Jump up ^ Finn, Natalie (July 12, 2006). "Prince Site Fades to Black". E!.
77.Jump up ^ "Golden Globe Awards". goldenglobes.org.
78.Jump up ^ Dave Hoekstra (February 5, 2007). "Purple rain turned super". Chicago Sun-Times. Retrieved February 5, 2007.
79.Jump up ^ "Prince shows sell out in minutes". NME. UK. May 11, 2007. Retrieved July 18, 2009.
80.Jump up ^ "Prince extends tour". Yahoo! Music News. June 11, 2007. Retrieved July 18, 2009.
81.Jump up ^ Allen, Katie (June 29, 2007). "Music industry attacks Sunday newspaper's free Prince CD". The Guardian (UK). Retrieved July 18, 2009.
82.Jump up ^ DeRusha, Jason (July 7, 2007). "Prince Thrills Fans With 3 Minneapolis Shows". wcco.com.
83.Jump up ^ "Prince plays 3 shows in his hometown". USA Today. July 8, 2007.
84.Jump up ^ Sulugiuc, Gelu (April 28, 2008). "Prince reigns at California music festival". Reuters.
85.Jump up ^ Mary Carolan (October 13, 2009). "No solid reason given for Prince no-show, court told". The Irish TImes. Retrieved February 27, 2010.
86.Jump up ^ Mary Carolan (December 9, 2009). "Prince told to furnish documents in MCD case". The Irish TImes. Retrieved February 27, 2010.
87.Jump up ^ "Prince settles cancelled Dublin gig case". BBC. February 26, 2010.
88.Jump up ^ Pogatchnik, Shawn (March 26, 2010). "Prince ordered to pay Irish promoter $3 million". Associated Press.[dead link]
89.Jump up ^ "Singer Prince Settles Lawsuit Over Axed Dublin Gig". The New York Times. February 26, 2010.[dead link]
90.Jump up ^ Prince Premieres Four New Songs On L.A.'s Indie 103; New Album On the Way | Music News. Rolling Stone (December 18, 2008). Retrieved on April 16, 2012.
91.Jump up ^ Powers, Ann (December 19, 2008). "103.1 debuts new Prince tracks". Los Angeles Times.
92.Jump up ^ Tickets to Prince's Paris shows sell out in 77 minutes, AFP, October 8, 2009.
93.Jump up ^ Anthony, Steven (October 26, 2009). "All Day, All Night – How I Spent My Weekend At Paisley Park". The Musictionary.
94.Jump up ^ "Prince Releases Minnesota Vikings Song". myfox9.com. January 21, 2010.
95.Jump up ^ Kreps, Daniel (February 26, 2010). "Prince Gives New "Cause and Effect" to Minnesota Public Radio". Rolling Stone.
96.Jump up ^ "Full List – The 2010 TIME 100". Time. April 29, 2010. Retrieved August 4, 2010.
97.Jump up ^ "Prince Covers Ebony's July 2010 Issue". Entertainment Rundown. June 7, 2010.
98.Jump up ^ "Prince To Be Honored By BET". Billboard. September 14, 2009. Retrieved August 4, 2010.
99.Jump up ^ "Prince To Release '20Ten' For Free In Europe". Billboard. September 14, 2009. Retrieved August 4, 2010.
100.^ Jump up to: a b c Willis, Peter (May 7, 2010). "Prince- World Exclusive Interview: Peter Willis Goes Inside The Star's Secret World". Daily Mirror (London).
101.Jump up ^ Bream, Jon (October 5, 2010). "Prince postpones concert in Helsinki". Star Tribune.
102.Jump up ^ Sever, Brooke (September 28, 2010). "Kanye West and Prince join F1 line-up". digitalproductionme.
103.Jump up ^ "Official PRINCE Tour Announcement". Drfunkenberry.com. September 30, 2010. Retrieved October 9, 2010.
104.Jump up ^ "New Prince Song Snippet!~ "Rich Friends" Listen Now". Drfunkenberry.com. October 8, 2010. Retrieved February 4, 2011.
105.Jump up ^ "Prince Rocks Opening Night Of His "Welcome 2 America" Tour at the Izod". Drfunkenberry.com. December 16, 2010. Retrieved February 4, 2011.
106.Jump up ^ "PRINCE & The Revolution's "Purple Rain" Get Grammy Induction + My Thoughts". Drfunkenberry.com. December 7, 2010. Retrieved February 4, 2011.
107.Jump up ^ "Prince Presents Barbra Streisand With Award; Gives Away 1.5 million To Charities". Drfunkenberry.com. February 12, 2011. Retrieved February 20, 2011.
108.Jump up ^ "Exclusive! Prince Not Happy With "Glee" Over Use Of "Kiss"". Drfunkenberry.com. February 12, 2011. Retrieved February 20, 2011.
109.Jump up ^ Lee, Ann (March 30, 2012), "Prince to join Morrissey and Brandon Flowers at Hop Farm Festival 2011". Metro. Retrieved April 16, 2012.
110.Jump up ^ "Prince released new song "extraloveable"". Drfunkenberry.com. November 23, 2011. Retrieved December 6, 2011.
111.Jump up ^ "Extraloveable on iTunes". Apple. November 24, 2011. Retrieved December 6, 2011.
112.Jump up ^ "Extraloveable on Spotify". Apple. November 24, 2011. Retrieved December 6, 2011.
113.Jump up ^ [1][dead link]
114.Jump up ^ "Bria Valente". Purplemusic.ch. February 23, 2012. Retrieved June 10, 2012.
115.Jump up ^ "Video: Prince Posts Clip for New Song 'Screwdriver'". Rolling Stone. Retrieved January 24, 2013.
116.Jump up ^ "3rdeyegirl tour dates". Drfunkenberry.com. Retrieved August 31, 2013.
117.Jump up ^ "Bobby Z. Will Play "Purple Rain" With PRINCE At The Myth!". Drfunkenberry.com. May 24, 2013. Retrieved August 31, 2013.
118.Jump up ^ "PRINCE & Kobalt Make Marketing & Distribution Deal Official". Drfunkenberry.com. May 20, 2013. Retrieved August 31, 2013.
119.Jump up ^ "Testing 1 2 PRINCE Starts Tweeting! Uh Seriously!". Drfunkenberry.com. Retrieved August 31, 2013.
120.Jump up ^ "3RDEYEGIRL - PLECTRUMELECTRUM". New Album - PLECTRUMELECTRUM. Retrieved September 30, 2014.
121.Jump up ^ "Dave Chappelle and Prince, together at last! (Sort of)". Entertainment Weekly. Retrieved August 21, 2013.
122.Jump up ^ "Prince to charge $10 for live shows". BBC News (BBC). February 5, 2014. Retrieved February 5, 2014.
123.Jump up ^ "Prince's band release live footage of Shepherds Bush Empire gig", NME.
124.Jump up ^ "Prince Fans Prepare for the Deluge". NPR (BBC). April 19, 2014. Retrieved April 24, 2014.
125.Jump up ^ "Prince records tribute to Baltimore and Freddie Gray". Guardian. 1 May 2015.
126.Jump up ^ "Prince to release song dedicated to Baltimore". Baltimore Sun. 2 May 2015.
127.Jump up ^ Steve Forrest; Ben Brumfield (1 May 2015). "CNN Exclusive: Prince records ode to Baltimore after Freddie Gray protests". CNN.
128.Jump up ^ Jess Denham (1 May 2015). "Baltimore riots: Prince records tribute song after Freddie Gray dies in police custody". The Independent.
129.Jump up ^ Alex Young (4 May 2015). "Prince holds dance party in tribute to Freddie Gray". Consequence of Sound.
130.Jump up ^ Bryan, Victoria (October 14, 2010). "Prince considering move to Europe". The Hollywood Reporter. Retrieved July 17, 2011.
131.Jump up ^ Daly, Steven (December 1990). "Sherilyn Fenn – Is she the sexiest woman on television?". The Face.
132.Jump up ^ Elan, Priya (September 20, 2008). "Purple Reign". The Guardian (London).
133.Jump up ^ Kennedy, Dana; Sinclair, Tom (December 20, 1996). "Prince's Saddest Song". Entertainment Weekly.
134.Jump up ^ Levy, Daniel S. (July 27, 2006). "Prince's Wife, Manuela (Partner of five years), Filed for Divorce". People.
135.Jump up ^ Hoffman, Claire (November 24, 2008). "Soup With Prince". The New Yorker.
136.Jump up ^ Freedom du Lac, J. (June 11, 2009). "Prince Hips the World to His Jehovah's Witness". The Washington Post.
137.Jump up ^ Forder, Rachel (October 19, 2005). "When Hip Gives Way to Hip Replacement". The Daily Telegraph (London).
138.Jump up ^ Faber, Judy (May 22, 2006). "Prince Is Voted 'Sexiest Vegetarian'". CBS News.
139.Jump up ^ Jet. June 12, 2006. p. 35. Missing or empty |title= (help)
140.Jump up ^ "Prince's Manager Shortlisted For Asian Woman Of Achievement Award". Mtv.co.uk. Retrieved September 30, 2014.
141.Jump up ^ Kelly, Aoife (November 18, 2014). "'I told him to f*** off' - Sinead O'Connor reveals she had punch-up with Prince". Irish Independent (Dublin). Retrieved December 1, 2014.
142.Jump up ^ Heatley, Michael (2008). Where Were You... When the Music Played? 120 Unforgettable Moments in Music History. Penguin Books. p. 191. ISBN 978-0-7621-0988-3.
143.Jump up ^ United States Patent and Trademark Office. Serial Number: 78561384; Registration Number: 3128896
144.Jump up ^ US Patent and Trade Office. Reel/Frame: 0805/0848 and 0805/0880.
145.Jump up ^ Coryat, Karl (November 1999). "His Highness Gets Down!". Bass Player.
146.Jump up ^ "Songs credited to Jamie Starr". Discogs. Discogs.com. Retrieved 2015-05-06.
147.Jump up ^ "Songs credited to The Starr Company". Discogs.com. Retrieved 2015-05-06.
148.Jump up ^ "Songs credited to Joey Coco". Discogs. Discogs.com. Retrieved 2015-05-06.
149.Jump up ^ "Songs credited to Paisley Park". Discogs. Discogs.com. Retrieved 2015-05-06.
150.Jump up ^ "Songs credited to Alexander Nevermind". Discogs. Discogs.com. Retrieved 2015-05-06.
151.Jump up ^ "Songs credited to Christopher". Discogs. Discogs.com. Retrieved 2015-05-06.
152.Jump up ^ "Prince To Sue YouTube, eBay Over Unauthorized Content". Billboard. 2007.
153.Jump up ^ Hamilton, Fiona (September 13, 2007). "Prince takes on YouTube over clips". The Times (London).
154.Jump up ^ Francescani, Chris (October 26, 2007). "The Home Video Prince Doesn't Want You to See". ABC News.
155.Jump up ^ Gibson, Owen (November 7, 2007). "Prince threatens to sue his fans over online images". The Guardian (UK). Retrieved July 18, 2009.
156.Jump up ^ "Prince 'not suing fans': Singer hits back at fansite claims". NME. November 9, 2007.
157.Jump up ^ Kreps, Daniel (November 9, 2007). "Prince Releases Diss Track As Battle With Fans Gets Funky". Rolling Stone.
158.Jump up ^ Kiss, Jemima (November 15, 2007). "B3ta bates Prince". The Guardian (London).
159.Jump up ^ "Prince Is Being A “Creep,” Radiohead Tell Him He’s A Loser - Stereogum". StereoGum. May 30, 2008. Retrieved December 6, 2014.
160.Jump up ^ "The Raspberry Beret Lifetime Aggrievement Award". Eff.org. May 7, 2013. Retrieved August 31, 2013.
161.Jump up ^ "Prince Inducted Into Takedown Hall of Shame With New Lifetime Aggrievement Award | Electronic Frontier Foundation". Eff.org. May 7, 2013. Retrieved August 31, 2013.
162.Jump up ^ "Prince v. Chodera - Scribd". Scribd.com. Retrieved September 30, 2014.
163.Jump up ^ "Prince Files Lawsuit Against Facebook Fans Over Bootlegged Concerts". TIME.com. Retrieved September 30, 2014.
164.Jump up ^ Michaels, Sean. "Prince sues internet users for total of $22m over alleged bootleg recordings". The Guardian. Retrieved September 30, 2014.
Further reading
Draper, Jason (2008). Prince: Life & Times. Jawbone Press. ISBN 978-1-906002-18-3.
Hahn, Alex (2004). Possessed: The Rise And Fall Of Prince. Billboard Books. ISBN 0-8230-7749-7.
Jones, Liz (1998). Purple Reign: The Artist Formerly Known as Prince. Birch Lane Press. ISBN 978-1-55972-448-7.
Uptown (2004). The Vault – The Definitive Guide to the Musical World of Prince. Nilsen Publishing. ISBN 91-631-5482-X.
External links
 Wikimedia Commons has media related to:
Prince (musician) (category)

 Quotations related to Prince (musician) at Wikiquote
Prince at the Internet Movie Database
Prince at AllMusic
Prince at Billboard.com


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Categories: Prince (musician)
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 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prince_(musician)









Hank Marvin

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Hank Marvin
Hank cropped.jpg
Marvin in 2007

Background information

Birth name
Brian Robson Rankin
Born
28 October 1941 (age 73)
Newcastle upon Tyne, England
Genres
Rock, instrumental rock, rock & roll, gypsy jazz
Occupation(s)
Musician
Instruments
Banjo, guitar, vocals, piano
Years active
1956–present
Associated acts
The Shadows, Cliff Richard
Notable instruments
Hank Marvin Signature Stratocaster
Burns "The Marvin" and the "Shadows Custom Elite Guitar"
Hank Brian Marvin (born 28 October 1941),[1] also known as Hank B. Marvin, is an English multi-instrumentalist, vocalist and song writer. He is best known as the lead guitarist for the Shadows, the group, which primarily performed instrumentals and was the backing band for Cliff Richard.[1] Marvin uses a clean guitar sound with a Vox amplifier, and often uses an echo also known as delay for songs like Apache and Wonderful Land He also developed a distinctive way of using the guitars vibrato giving a "dreamy feel" to his playing.[2] Many famous guitarists such as Brian May and David Gilmour cite Marvin as a major influence.


Contents  [hide]
1 Personal life 1.1 Influence
1.2 Solo career
2 Early career groups (pre-Shadows/Drifters)
3 UK solo tours
4 Production credits
5 Duets and guest appearances
6 Discography 6.1 Singles
6.2 Studio and live albums
6.3 Compilation albums
7 See also
8 References
9 External links

Personal life[edit]
Hank Marvin was born Brian Robson Rankin in Newcastle upon Tyne, England. As a child, he played banjo and piano. After hearing Buddy Holly, he decided to learn the guitar.[1]
He chose the name Hank Marvin while launching his career. The name is an amalgamation of his childhood nickname, Hank, which he used to differentiate himself from friends also named Brian, and Marvin Rainwater, a country and western singer.
Sixteen-year-old Marvin and his Rutherford Grammar School friend, Bruce Welch, met Johnny Foster, Cliff Richard's manager, at The 2i's Coffee Bar in Soho London. Foster was looking for a guitarist for Cliff Richard's UK tour and was considering Tony Sheridan. Instead he offered Marvin the position. Marvin joined The Drifters, as Cliff Richard's group was then known, provided there was a place for Welch.
Marvin met Richard for the first time at a nearby Soho tailor's shop, where Richard was having a fitting for a pink stage jacket. The Drifters had their first rehearsal with Richard at the Webb family home (Cliff's parents) in Cheshunt, Hertfordshire.
His first wife was Beryl, with whom he had four children; Dean (born 1962), twins Peter and Paul (born 1963), and Philippa (born 1966)[3]
Dean died from pneumonia in 1997.
He is currently married to Carole, with whom he had two children; Thalia (born 1973) and Ben (born 1975).[4]
Since 1986, Marvin has lived in Perth, Western Australia. He has made impromptu appearances on stage when musician friends visit the area, such as in February 2013 when Richard held a concert at Sandalford Winery. He is a Jehovah's Witness.[5] Marvin runs a recording studio, Nivram studios, part of Sh-Boom studios in Tiverton Street, Perth, owned by Trevor Spencer and Gary Taylor.
In London, Hank Marvin is cockney rhyming slang for "starvin" ("starving").[6] This slang was referenced in a 2012 television advertisement for Mattessons meat company.[7]



 Marvin and Jean-Pierre Danel, 2007


 Richard and The Shadows, 2009
Influence[edit]
Marvin influenced many guitarists, including George Harrison,[8] Eric Clapton,[8] David Gilmour, Brian May,[9] Mark Knopfler,[10]Peter Frampton,[11] Steve Howe,[12] Roy Wood,[13] Tony Iommi,[14] Pete Townshend,[15] Ritchie Blackmore and Jeff Beck.[16]
In Canada, Cliff and The Shadows had top 10 hits, especially from 1961 to 1965. Canadian guitarists Randy Bachman[17] and Neil Young credit Marvin as influential.[18]
Solo career[edit]
Marvin also had a solo career. His first critically lauded self-titled solo album of instrumentals, which featured guitar set to orchestrated backing, was released in 1969 following the first disbanding of The Shadows in late 1968. The single 'Sacha' taken from this topped the singles chart in New South Wales, Australia.[19] His solo career was then suspended due to Shadows reunions, first for a Far East tour and 'live' album in 1969, then a studio album in 1970 ("Shades of Rock") and again in the early seventies. He has experimented with styles and material, doing some purely instrumental albums, some with mostly vocals (e.g. "Words and Music", "All Alone With Friends"), one with only acoustic guitars and one with a guitar orchestra ("The Hank Marvin Guitar Syndicate").
In 1970, Marvin and Welch formed Marvin, Welch & Farrar, a vocal-harmony trio which failed to appeal to Shadows fans or to contemporary music fans. They became 'Marvin & Farrar' for a vocal album in 1973 and then reverted to The Shadows in late 1973, for the instrumental Rockin' with Curly Leads album. The Shadows came second for the United Kingdom in the 1975 Eurovision song contest.
Marvin wrote "Driftin'", "Geronimo", "Spider Juice" (his daughter's name for orange juice), "I Want You to Want Me" for The Shadows, and "The Day I Met Marie". He co-wrote Richard's 1960 hit; 'Gee Whizz It's You' with Ian Samwell, With Welch, Brian Bennett, and John Rostill, he wrote hits for Richard, including; "On The Beach", "I Could Easily Fall in Love with You", "Time Drags By", and "In the Country".
In 1969 and 1970 he teamed with Richard for two 'Cliff & Hank' hit singles, his own song; 'Throw Down A Line' (also recorded by Marvin, Welch & Farrar), and 'The Joy of Living', while Richard also had a hit with his ecology song, 'Silvery Rain'.
In 1977, Marvin played lead guitar on Roger Daltrey's third solo album, One of the Boys, on the tracks Parade and Leon. He co-wrote Olivia Newton-John's 1977 hit 'Sam' with John Farrar and Don Black, and produced albums for the British personality Des O'Connor.
In 1988, Marvin collaborated with French keyboardist and composer Jean Michel Jarre on the track "London Kid", on Jarre's Revolutions album and was a guest in the Jarre's Destination Docklands concert at London's Royal Victoria Dock. Jarre said The Shadows' success had influenced him and led to his decision to devote his career to instrumental music.
In 1992, Duane Eddy guested on Marvin's album Into the Light on the track "Pipeline".
Marvin and The Shadows reformed for a 2004 Final Tour, and a 2005 European tour was also organised.
Marvin dueted twice with French guitarist Jean-Pierre Danel – on his 2007 and 2010 albums, both top-ten hits and certified gold. Their two singles hit the iTunes charts in France, Norway, Finland and Germany, and later (when released as an EP from Danel's compilation The Hit List) in Ireland, United-Kingdom, Poland, United-States, South Africa and Thailand. Marvin also participated on one of his DVDs and wrote the foreword for Danel's book about the Fender Stratocaster.
While Welch and Bennett became the Officers of the Order of the British Empire (OBE) in the 2004 Queen's Birthday Honours List for services to music, Marvin declined for "personal reasons".[20]
Early career groups (pre-Shadows/Drifters)[edit]
1956 – Riverside Skiffle group → Crescent City Skiffle GroupMarvin (banjo), John Tate (guitar), Derek Johnson (guitar), Joe Rankin (bass), Mal Malarky (mandolin), and Howard Muir (wb)
1956–1957 – The Railroaders (#1)Marvin (guitar), Welch (guitar), George Williams (guitar), Jim (drums)
1956–1957 – The Railroaders (#2)Marvin (guitar), Welch (guitar), Eddie Silver (guitar), George Williams (bass), and Jim ? (drums)
1958 – The Vipers (aka The Vipers Skiffle group)live concert
Wally Whyton (vocals), Johnny Booker (guitar), Hank Marvin (guitar), J. Harris (bass), and Johnny Pilgrim (wb)
1958 – The Five Chesternuts7" single – ("Jean Dorothy" on Columbia)
Gerry Hurst (vocals), Marvin (guitar), Welch (guitar), Neil Johnson (bass), and Pete Chester (drums)
UK solo tours[edit]
1994 – w/Brian Bennett (drums), Ben Marvin (guitar), Warren Bennett (guitar/keyboards), Mark Griffiths (bass)
1995 – w/Ben Marvin (guitar), Warren Bennett (guitar/keyboards), Mark Griffiths (bass), Matthew Letley (drums)
1997 – w/Ben Marvin (guitar), Warren Bennett (guitar/keyboards), Mark Griffiths (bass), Matthew Letley (drums)
1998 – w/Ben Marvin (guitar), Warren Bennett (guitar/keyboards), Mark Griffiths (bass), Matthew Letley (drums)
2000 - w/Ben Marvin (guitar), Warren Bennett (guitar/keyboards), Mark Griffiths (bass), Peter May (drums)
2002 – w/Ben Marvin (guitar), Warren Bennett (guitar/keyboards), Mark Griffiths (bass), Fergus Gerrand (drums)
Production credits[edit]
Spaghetti Junction Work's Nice – If you can get it/Step right Up Columbia DB 8935
Des O'Connor – Another Side Des O'Connor – LP – NSPL 18559.
Flair – Stop look & listen – LP – MLP 15611.
Flair – Fair – LP – CC 227324
Flair – Fair play – LP – CC 327224
Duets and guest appearances[edit]
1972: Spaghetti Junction Work's Nice – If you can get it/Step right Up Columbia DB 8935
1976: Evita: guitar on "Buenos Aires"
1977: Dennis Waterman Waterman album (also features Brian Bennett)
1977: Roger Daltrey One of The Boys album – guitar on "Parade" and "Leon"
1978: Des O'Connor Another Side of Des O'Connor album
1979: Wings Back to the Egg album – "Rockestra Theme" and "So Glad To See You Here"
1982: British Electric Foundation Music of Quality and Distinction volume 1
 guitar on "Anyone Who Had A Heart" with Sandie Shaw and "It's Over" with Billy MacKenzie
1983: Tracey Ullman You Broke My Heart in 17 Places album: guitar on "Move Over Darling" and "You Broke My Heart in 17 Places"
1983: Leo Sayer Have You Ever Been in Love album: guitar on "Don't Wait Until Tomorrow"
1984: Shakin' Stevens "Teardrops" single
1985: Dire Straits plays "Going Home" ("Local Hero's Theme"), with the band, as a special guest at Live at Wembley
1986: Cliff Richard and The Young Ones "Living Doll" (UK charts #1)
1988: Jean Michel Jarre Revolutions guitar on "London Kid" (UK charts #52)
1989: Jean Michel Jarre Destination Docklands: guitar on "London Kid" and "Rendez-Vous IV"
1992:Brian May We are the Champions Instrumental cover
1995: Alan Jones A Shadow in Time album: guest on title track "A Shadow In Time"
1998: Jane McDonald "You're My World" single
2004: The Strat Pack: guitar on "The Rise and Fall of Flingel Bunt," "Sleep Walk" and "Apache"
2005: Richard Hawley "I'm Absolutely Hank Marvin", b-side of "Coles Corner" single
2007: Peter Frampton "Fingerprints" album: guitar on My Cup of Tea (also features Brian Bennett)
2007 Jean-Pierre Danel "Nivram" (French Charts No. 15, #8 Norway, No. 86 Germany) + Blues jam session on DVD
2008 Jason Donovan "Let It Be Me" on Dreamboats and Petticoats album
2008 Le QuecumBar Patrons "Stars of Gypsy Swing" ("Coquette", "Noto Swing")
2010 Jean-Pierre Danel "M Appeal" (Norwegian charts No. 7, Finland #99)
In addition to the above, Marvin also plays guitar on the following tracks of library music recorded for Bruton Music:
"Fighter Plane" (with Alan Hawkshaw) on Top of the Range
"Conquest of Space" (with Alan Hawkshaw) on Grandiose Impressive Panoramic
"Human Desert" (with Alan Hawkshaw) on Human Desert
Discography[edit]
See also: The Shadows discography
Singles[edit]
(V) – Vocal

Year
A-side
B-side
UK Singles Chart[21]
Notes
1968 London's Not Too Far (V) Running Out of World (V) (The Shadows)
–
 Columbia DB 8326
1969 Goodnight Dick Wahine
–
 Columbia DB 8552
1969 Sunday For Seven Days Sacha
–
 Columbia DB 8601
1969 Throw Down A Line (V) Reflections
#7
 Columbia DB 8615 (Cliff and Hank)
1969 Slaughter on 10th Avenue (The Shadows) Midnight Cowboy
–
 Columbia DB 8628
1970 The Joy of Living (V) Leave My Woman Alone (V) Boogatoo
#25
 Columbia DB 8657 (Cliff and Hank)
1970 Break Another Dawn Would You Believe It (V)
–
 (Unreleased, promo only)
1970 Break Another Dawn Morning Star
–
 Columbia DB 8693
1970 Morning Star Evening Comes
–
 (Australia and New Zealand only)
1977 Flamingo Syndicated
–
 EMI 2744 (Hank Marvin Guitar Syndicate)
1981 Sacha / Sunday For Seven Days Morning Star / Evening Comes
–
 (New Zealand only) Hank Marvin EP
1982 Don't Talk (V) Life Line (V)
#49
 Polydor POSP420
1982 The Trouble With Me Is You (remix) (V) Captain Zlogg
–
 Polydor POSP479
1983 The Hawk and the Dove (V) Janine
–
 Polydor POSP581
1983 Invisible Man (V) All Alone With Friends
–
 Polydor POSP618
1986 Living Doll 
#1
 (Cliff Richard and The Young Ones featuring Hank B. Marvin)
1989 London Kid 
#52
 (Jean-Michel Jarre featuring Hank Marvin)
1992 We Are The Champions (with Brian May) Moontalk / Into The Light (CD)
#66
 Polydor PO 229
1993 Wonderful Land (with Mark Knopfler) Hot Rox (CD) / Nivram
–
 Polydor PO297
Studio and live albums[edit]
1969 Hank Marvin No. 14
1977 Hank Marvin Guitar Syndicate (no chart position)
1982 Words and Music No. 66
1983 All alone with friends (no chart position)
1992 Into the light No. 18
1993 Heartbeat No. 17
1995 Hank plays Cliff No. 33
1996 Hank plays Holly No. 34
1997 Hank plays Live No. 71
1997 Plays the music of Andrew Lloyd Webber No. 41
2000 Marvin at the Movies No. 17
2002 Guitar Player No. 10
2007 Guitar Man No. 6
2013 Django's Castle (Download only - no chart position)
2014 Hank No. 8
Compilation albums[edit]
1987 Would You Believe It...Plus (reissue of 1969 LP with bonus tracks)
1994 The Best of Hank Marvin & The Shadows No. 19
1995 Handpicked (no chart position)
1997 The Very Best of Hank Marvin & The Shadows The First 40 Years No. 56
1998 Another Side of Hank Marvin (no chart position)
2001 The Singles Collection 'The 80's & 90's' Hank Marvin & The Shadows (no chart position)
2004 Shadowing The Hits (no chart position)
2004 Guitar Ballads (no chart position)
2007 Hank Marvin & The Shadows Play The 60's (no chart position)
2008 The Solid Gold Collection (no chart position)
See also[edit]

Portal icon Biography portal
Portal icon England portal
Portal icon Rock music portal
List of guitarists
List of people from Newcastle upon Tyne

References[edit]
1.^ Jump up to: a b c Hank Marvin – Guitar God.
2.Jump up ^ The London Gazette: no. 42885. p. 197. 4 January 1963. Retrieved 17 June 2009.
3.Jump up ^ "The tragic family rift that proves blood is not always thicker than water". The Independent. Retrieved 21 December 2014.
4.Jump up ^ Nick McGrath. "Hank Marvin: My family values". the Guardian. Retrieved 21 December 2014.
5.Jump up ^ Ross, Deborah (17 March 1997). "Specs, God and rock'n'roll". The Independent (London).
6.Jump up ^ "H". London Slang. 4 May 2010. Retrieved 31 December 2011.
7.Jump up ^ "'Hank Marvin' stars in new Mattessons advert". MusicRadar. 21 June 2012. Retrieved 17 December 2012.
8.^ Jump up to: a b "Hank Marvin: Everyone Has To Move On". ultimate-guitar.com. 25 September 2007. Retrieved 24 June 2014.
9.Jump up ^ Balmer, Paul (2007). The Fender Stratocaster Handbook: How to Buy, Maintain, Set Up, Troubleshoot, and Modify Your Strat. MBI Publishing. p. 7. ISBN 0760329834. "Hank Marvin had a huge influence on guitarists such as Brian May of Queen..."
10.Jump up ^ Mark Knopfler introduced him as one of his all-time favourite guitar players at the Dire Straits' 1985 Wembley concert where Hank duetted the song 'Going home' from the movie theme Local Hero (album); https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5MfD0nPAqro
11.Jump up ^ Whitaker, Sterling C. (2003). Unsung Heroes of Rock Guitar. Booksurge. p. 111. ISBN 1591097584.
12.Jump up ^ Prown, Pete; Sharken, Lisa (2003). Gear Secrets of the Guitar Legends: How to Sound Like Your Favorite Players. Hal Leonard. pp. 63, 66. ISBN 1617745014.
13.Jump up ^ Marten, Neville; Giltrap, Gordon (2010). The Hofner Guitar: A History (2 ed.). Hal Leonard. p. 40. ISBN 1423462742.
14.Jump up ^ Gulla, Bob (2009). Guitar Gods: The 25 Players Who Made Rock History. ABC-CLIO. pp. 133–134. ISBN 0313358060.
15.Jump up ^ Giuliano, Geoffrey (2002). Behind Blue Eyes: The Life of Pete Townshend. Rowman & Littlefield. p. 16. ISBN 0815410700.
16.Jump up ^ Clayson, Alan (2002). The Yardbirds: The Band That Launched Eric Clapton, Jeff Beck, Jimmy Page. Hal Leonard. p. 46. ISBN 0879307242.
17.Jump up ^ Bachman, Randy (2012). Randy Bachman's Vinyl Tap Stories. Penguin. p. 155. ISBN 0143185772.
18.Jump up ^ Gulla 2009, p. 237
19.Jump up ^ Barnes, Jim; Dyer, Fred; Scanes, Stephen (1986). The Book Top Forty Research 2nd Edition 1956-1985 (DOC). Top Forty Research Services, N.S.W. Australia.
20.Jump up ^ "Actor Hurt leads Queen's honours". BBC News.
21.Jump up ^ Roberts, David (2006). British Hit Singles & Albums (19th ed.). London: Guinness World Records Limited. p. 264. ISBN 1-904994-10-5.
External links[edit]
Hank Marvin at AllMusic


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 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hank_Marvin



























Hank Marvin

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Jump to: navigation, search




[hide]This article has multiple issues. Please help improve it or discuss these issues on the talk page.




This biographical article needs additional citations for verification.  (June 2007)




This article's lead section may not adequately summarize key points of its contents.  (September 2011)




This article may contain an excessive amount of intricate detail that may only interest a specific audience.  (December 2012)



Hank Marvin
Hank cropped.jpg
Marvin in 2007

Background information

Birth name
Brian Robson Rankin
Born
28 October 1941 (age 73)
Newcastle upon Tyne, England
Genres
Rock, instrumental rock, rock & roll, gypsy jazz
Occupation(s)
Musician
Instruments
Banjo, guitar, vocals, piano
Years active
1956–present
Associated acts
The Shadows, Cliff Richard
Notable instruments
Hank Marvin Signature Stratocaster
Burns "The Marvin" and the "Shadows Custom Elite Guitar"
Hank Brian Marvin (born 28 October 1941),[1] also known as Hank B. Marvin, is an English multi-instrumentalist, vocalist and song writer. He is best known as the lead guitarist for the Shadows, the group, which primarily performed instrumentals and was the backing band for Cliff Richard.[1] Marvin uses a clean guitar sound with a Vox amplifier, and often uses an echo also known as delay for songs like Apache and Wonderful Land He also developed a distinctive way of using the guitars vibrato giving a "dreamy feel" to his playing.[2] Many famous guitarists such as Brian May and David Gilmour cite Marvin as a major influence.


Contents  [hide]
1 Personal life 1.1 Influence
1.2 Solo career
2 Early career groups (pre-Shadows/Drifters)
3 UK solo tours
4 Production credits
5 Duets and guest appearances
6 Discography 6.1 Singles
6.2 Studio and live albums
6.3 Compilation albums
7 See also
8 References
9 External links

Personal life[edit]
Hank Marvin was born Brian Robson Rankin in Newcastle upon Tyne, England. As a child, he played banjo and piano. After hearing Buddy Holly, he decided to learn the guitar.[1]
He chose the name Hank Marvin while launching his career. The name is an amalgamation of his childhood nickname, Hank, which he used to differentiate himself from friends also named Brian, and Marvin Rainwater, a country and western singer.
Sixteen-year-old Marvin and his Rutherford Grammar School friend, Bruce Welch, met Johnny Foster, Cliff Richard's manager, at The 2i's Coffee Bar in Soho London. Foster was looking for a guitarist for Cliff Richard's UK tour and was considering Tony Sheridan. Instead he offered Marvin the position. Marvin joined The Drifters, as Cliff Richard's group was then known, provided there was a place for Welch.
Marvin met Richard for the first time at a nearby Soho tailor's shop, where Richard was having a fitting for a pink stage jacket. The Drifters had their first rehearsal with Richard at the Webb family home (Cliff's parents) in Cheshunt, Hertfordshire.
His first wife was Beryl, with whom he had four children; Dean (born 1962), twins Peter and Paul (born 1963), and Philippa (born 1966)[3]
Dean died from pneumonia in 1997.
He is currently married to Carole, with whom he had two children; Thalia (born 1973) and Ben (born 1975).[4]
Since 1986, Marvin has lived in Perth, Western Australia. He has made impromptu appearances on stage when musician friends visit the area, such as in February 2013 when Richard held a concert at Sandalford Winery. He is a Jehovah's Witness.[5] Marvin runs a recording studio, Nivram studios, part of Sh-Boom studios in Tiverton Street, Perth, owned by Trevor Spencer and Gary Taylor.
In London, Hank Marvin is cockney rhyming slang for "starvin" ("starving").[6] This slang was referenced in a 2012 television advertisement for Mattessons meat company.[7]



 Marvin and Jean-Pierre Danel, 2007


 Richard and The Shadows, 2009
Influence[edit]
Marvin influenced many guitarists, including George Harrison,[8] Eric Clapton,[8] David Gilmour, Brian May,[9] Mark Knopfler,[10]Peter Frampton,[11] Steve Howe,[12] Roy Wood,[13] Tony Iommi,[14] Pete Townshend,[15] Ritchie Blackmore and Jeff Beck.[16]
In Canada, Cliff and The Shadows had top 10 hits, especially from 1961 to 1965. Canadian guitarists Randy Bachman[17] and Neil Young credit Marvin as influential.[18]
Solo career[edit]
Marvin also had a solo career. His first critically lauded self-titled solo album of instrumentals, which featured guitar set to orchestrated backing, was released in 1969 following the first disbanding of The Shadows in late 1968. The single 'Sacha' taken from this topped the singles chart in New South Wales, Australia.[19] His solo career was then suspended due to Shadows reunions, first for a Far East tour and 'live' album in 1969, then a studio album in 1970 ("Shades of Rock") and again in the early seventies. He has experimented with styles and material, doing some purely instrumental albums, some with mostly vocals (e.g. "Words and Music", "All Alone With Friends"), one with only acoustic guitars and one with a guitar orchestra ("The Hank Marvin Guitar Syndicate").
In 1970, Marvin and Welch formed Marvin, Welch & Farrar, a vocal-harmony trio which failed to appeal to Shadows fans or to contemporary music fans. They became 'Marvin & Farrar' for a vocal album in 1973 and then reverted to The Shadows in late 1973, for the instrumental Rockin' with Curly Leads album. The Shadows came second for the United Kingdom in the 1975 Eurovision song contest.
Marvin wrote "Driftin'", "Geronimo", "Spider Juice" (his daughter's name for orange juice), "I Want You to Want Me" for The Shadows, and "The Day I Met Marie". He co-wrote Richard's 1960 hit; 'Gee Whizz It's You' with Ian Samwell, With Welch, Brian Bennett, and John Rostill, he wrote hits for Richard, including; "On The Beach", "I Could Easily Fall in Love with You", "Time Drags By", and "In the Country".
In 1969 and 1970 he teamed with Richard for two 'Cliff & Hank' hit singles, his own song; 'Throw Down A Line' (also recorded by Marvin, Welch & Farrar), and 'The Joy of Living', while Richard also had a hit with his ecology song, 'Silvery Rain'.
In 1977, Marvin played lead guitar on Roger Daltrey's third solo album, One of the Boys, on the tracks Parade and Leon. He co-wrote Olivia Newton-John's 1977 hit 'Sam' with John Farrar and Don Black, and produced albums for the British personality Des O'Connor.
In 1988, Marvin collaborated with French keyboardist and composer Jean Michel Jarre on the track "London Kid", on Jarre's Revolutions album and was a guest in the Jarre's Destination Docklands concert at London's Royal Victoria Dock. Jarre said The Shadows' success had influenced him and led to his decision to devote his career to instrumental music.
In 1992, Duane Eddy guested on Marvin's album Into the Light on the track "Pipeline".
Marvin and The Shadows reformed for a 2004 Final Tour, and a 2005 European tour was also organised.
Marvin dueted twice with French guitarist Jean-Pierre Danel – on his 2007 and 2010 albums, both top-ten hits and certified gold. Their two singles hit the iTunes charts in France, Norway, Finland and Germany, and later (when released as an EP from Danel's compilation The Hit List) in Ireland, United-Kingdom, Poland, United-States, South Africa and Thailand. Marvin also participated on one of his DVDs and wrote the foreword for Danel's book about the Fender Stratocaster.
While Welch and Bennett became the Officers of the Order of the British Empire (OBE) in the 2004 Queen's Birthday Honours List for services to music, Marvin declined for "personal reasons".[20]
Early career groups (pre-Shadows/Drifters)[edit]
1956 – Riverside Skiffle group → Crescent City Skiffle GroupMarvin (banjo), John Tate (guitar), Derek Johnson (guitar), Joe Rankin (bass), Mal Malarky (mandolin), and Howard Muir (wb)
1956–1957 – The Railroaders (#1)Marvin (guitar), Welch (guitar), George Williams (guitar), Jim (drums)
1956–1957 – The Railroaders (#2)Marvin (guitar), Welch (guitar), Eddie Silver (guitar), George Williams (bass), and Jim ? (drums)
1958 – The Vipers (aka The Vipers Skiffle group)live concert
Wally Whyton (vocals), Johnny Booker (guitar), Hank Marvin (guitar), J. Harris (bass), and Johnny Pilgrim (wb)
1958 – The Five Chesternuts7" single – ("Jean Dorothy" on Columbia)
Gerry Hurst (vocals), Marvin (guitar), Welch (guitar), Neil Johnson (bass), and Pete Chester (drums)
UK solo tours[edit]
1994 – w/Brian Bennett (drums), Ben Marvin (guitar), Warren Bennett (guitar/keyboards), Mark Griffiths (bass)
1995 – w/Ben Marvin (guitar), Warren Bennett (guitar/keyboards), Mark Griffiths (bass), Matthew Letley (drums)
1997 – w/Ben Marvin (guitar), Warren Bennett (guitar/keyboards), Mark Griffiths (bass), Matthew Letley (drums)
1998 – w/Ben Marvin (guitar), Warren Bennett (guitar/keyboards), Mark Griffiths (bass), Matthew Letley (drums)
2000 - w/Ben Marvin (guitar), Warren Bennett (guitar/keyboards), Mark Griffiths (bass), Peter May (drums)
2002 – w/Ben Marvin (guitar), Warren Bennett (guitar/keyboards), Mark Griffiths (bass), Fergus Gerrand (drums)
Production credits[edit]
Spaghetti Junction Work's Nice – If you can get it/Step right Up Columbia DB 8935
Des O'Connor – Another Side Des O'Connor – LP – NSPL 18559.
Flair – Stop look & listen – LP – MLP 15611.
Flair – Fair – LP – CC 227324
Flair – Fair play – LP – CC 327224
Duets and guest appearances[edit]
1972: Spaghetti Junction Work's Nice – If you can get it/Step right Up Columbia DB 8935
1976: Evita: guitar on "Buenos Aires"
1977: Dennis Waterman Waterman album (also features Brian Bennett)
1977: Roger Daltrey One of The Boys album – guitar on "Parade" and "Leon"
1978: Des O'Connor Another Side of Des O'Connor album
1979: Wings Back to the Egg album – "Rockestra Theme" and "So Glad To See You Here"
1982: British Electric Foundation Music of Quality and Distinction volume 1
 guitar on "Anyone Who Had A Heart" with Sandie Shaw and "It's Over" with Billy MacKenzie
1983: Tracey Ullman You Broke My Heart in 17 Places album: guitar on "Move Over Darling" and "You Broke My Heart in 17 Places"
1983: Leo Sayer Have You Ever Been in Love album: guitar on "Don't Wait Until Tomorrow"
1984: Shakin' Stevens "Teardrops" single
1985: Dire Straits plays "Going Home" ("Local Hero's Theme"), with the band, as a special guest at Live at Wembley
1986: Cliff Richard and The Young Ones "Living Doll" (UK charts #1)
1988: Jean Michel Jarre Revolutions guitar on "London Kid" (UK charts #52)
1989: Jean Michel Jarre Destination Docklands: guitar on "London Kid" and "Rendez-Vous IV"
1992:Brian May We are the Champions Instrumental cover
1995: Alan Jones A Shadow in Time album: guest on title track "A Shadow In Time"
1998: Jane McDonald "You're My World" single
2004: The Strat Pack: guitar on "The Rise and Fall of Flingel Bunt," "Sleep Walk" and "Apache"
2005: Richard Hawley "I'm Absolutely Hank Marvin", b-side of "Coles Corner" single
2007: Peter Frampton "Fingerprints" album: guitar on My Cup of Tea (also features Brian Bennett)
2007 Jean-Pierre Danel "Nivram" (French Charts No. 15, #8 Norway, No. 86 Germany) + Blues jam session on DVD
2008 Jason Donovan "Let It Be Me" on Dreamboats and Petticoats album
2008 Le QuecumBar Patrons "Stars of Gypsy Swing" ("Coquette", "Noto Swing")
2010 Jean-Pierre Danel "M Appeal" (Norwegian charts No. 7, Finland #99)
In addition to the above, Marvin also plays guitar on the following tracks of library music recorded for Bruton Music:
"Fighter Plane" (with Alan Hawkshaw) on Top of the Range
"Conquest of Space" (with Alan Hawkshaw) on Grandiose Impressive Panoramic
"Human Desert" (with Alan Hawkshaw) on Human Desert
Discography[edit]
See also: The Shadows discography
Singles[edit]
(V) – Vocal

Year
A-side
B-side
UK Singles Chart[21]
Notes
1968 London's Not Too Far (V) Running Out of World (V) (The Shadows)
–
 Columbia DB 8326
1969 Goodnight Dick Wahine
–
 Columbia DB 8552
1969 Sunday For Seven Days Sacha
–
 Columbia DB 8601
1969 Throw Down A Line (V) Reflections
#7
 Columbia DB 8615 (Cliff and Hank)
1969 Slaughter on 10th Avenue (The Shadows) Midnight Cowboy
–
 Columbia DB 8628
1970 The Joy of Living (V) Leave My Woman Alone (V) Boogatoo
#25
 Columbia DB 8657 (Cliff and Hank)
1970 Break Another Dawn Would You Believe It (V)
–
 (Unreleased, promo only)
1970 Break Another Dawn Morning Star
–
 Columbia DB 8693
1970 Morning Star Evening Comes
–
 (Australia and New Zealand only)
1977 Flamingo Syndicated
–
 EMI 2744 (Hank Marvin Guitar Syndicate)
1981 Sacha / Sunday For Seven Days Morning Star / Evening Comes
–
 (New Zealand only) Hank Marvin EP
1982 Don't Talk (V) Life Line (V)
#49
 Polydor POSP420
1982 The Trouble With Me Is You (remix) (V) Captain Zlogg
–
 Polydor POSP479
1983 The Hawk and the Dove (V) Janine
–
 Polydor POSP581
1983 Invisible Man (V) All Alone With Friends
–
 Polydor POSP618
1986 Living Doll 
#1
 (Cliff Richard and The Young Ones featuring Hank B. Marvin)
1989 London Kid 
#52
 (Jean-Michel Jarre featuring Hank Marvin)
1992 We Are The Champions (with Brian May) Moontalk / Into The Light (CD)
#66
 Polydor PO 229
1993 Wonderful Land (with Mark Knopfler) Hot Rox (CD) / Nivram
–
 Polydor PO297
Studio and live albums[edit]
1969 Hank Marvin No. 14
1977 Hank Marvin Guitar Syndicate (no chart position)
1982 Words and Music No. 66
1983 All alone with friends (no chart position)
1992 Into the light No. 18
1993 Heartbeat No. 17
1995 Hank plays Cliff No. 33
1996 Hank plays Holly No. 34
1997 Hank plays Live No. 71
1997 Plays the music of Andrew Lloyd Webber No. 41
2000 Marvin at the Movies No. 17
2002 Guitar Player No. 10
2007 Guitar Man No. 6
2013 Django's Castle (Download only - no chart position)
2014 Hank No. 8
Compilation albums[edit]
1987 Would You Believe It...Plus (reissue of 1969 LP with bonus tracks)
1994 The Best of Hank Marvin & The Shadows No. 19
1995 Handpicked (no chart position)
1997 The Very Best of Hank Marvin & The Shadows The First 40 Years No. 56
1998 Another Side of Hank Marvin (no chart position)
2001 The Singles Collection 'The 80's & 90's' Hank Marvin & The Shadows (no chart position)
2004 Shadowing The Hits (no chart position)
2004 Guitar Ballads (no chart position)
2007 Hank Marvin & The Shadows Play The 60's (no chart position)
2008 The Solid Gold Collection (no chart position)
See also[edit]

Portal icon Biography portal
Portal icon England portal
Portal icon Rock music portal
List of guitarists
List of people from Newcastle upon Tyne

References[edit]
1.^ Jump up to: a b c Hank Marvin – Guitar God.
2.Jump up ^ The London Gazette: no. 42885. p. 197. 4 January 1963. Retrieved 17 June 2009.
3.Jump up ^ "The tragic family rift that proves blood is not always thicker than water". The Independent. Retrieved 21 December 2014.
4.Jump up ^ Nick McGrath. "Hank Marvin: My family values". the Guardian. Retrieved 21 December 2014.
5.Jump up ^ Ross, Deborah (17 March 1997). "Specs, God and rock'n'roll". The Independent (London).
6.Jump up ^ "H". London Slang. 4 May 2010. Retrieved 31 December 2011.
7.Jump up ^ "'Hank Marvin' stars in new Mattessons advert". MusicRadar. 21 June 2012. Retrieved 17 December 2012.
8.^ Jump up to: a b "Hank Marvin: Everyone Has To Move On". ultimate-guitar.com. 25 September 2007. Retrieved 24 June 2014.
9.Jump up ^ Balmer, Paul (2007). The Fender Stratocaster Handbook: How to Buy, Maintain, Set Up, Troubleshoot, and Modify Your Strat. MBI Publishing. p. 7. ISBN 0760329834. "Hank Marvin had a huge influence on guitarists such as Brian May of Queen..."
10.Jump up ^ Mark Knopfler introduced him as one of his all-time favourite guitar players at the Dire Straits' 1985 Wembley concert where Hank duetted the song 'Going home' from the movie theme Local Hero (album); https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5MfD0nPAqro
11.Jump up ^ Whitaker, Sterling C. (2003). Unsung Heroes of Rock Guitar. Booksurge. p. 111. ISBN 1591097584.
12.Jump up ^ Prown, Pete; Sharken, Lisa (2003). Gear Secrets of the Guitar Legends: How to Sound Like Your Favorite Players. Hal Leonard. pp. 63, 66. ISBN 1617745014.
13.Jump up ^ Marten, Neville; Giltrap, Gordon (2010). The Hofner Guitar: A History (2 ed.). Hal Leonard. p. 40. ISBN 1423462742.
14.Jump up ^ Gulla, Bob (2009). Guitar Gods: The 25 Players Who Made Rock History. ABC-CLIO. pp. 133–134. ISBN 0313358060.
15.Jump up ^ Giuliano, Geoffrey (2002). Behind Blue Eyes: The Life of Pete Townshend. Rowman & Littlefield. p. 16. ISBN 0815410700.
16.Jump up ^ Clayson, Alan (2002). The Yardbirds: The Band That Launched Eric Clapton, Jeff Beck, Jimmy Page. Hal Leonard. p. 46. ISBN 0879307242.
17.Jump up ^ Bachman, Randy (2012). Randy Bachman's Vinyl Tap Stories. Penguin. p. 155. ISBN 0143185772.
18.Jump up ^ Gulla 2009, p. 237
19.Jump up ^ Barnes, Jim; Dyer, Fred; Scanes, Stephen (1986). The Book Top Forty Research 2nd Edition 1956-1985 (DOC). Top Forty Research Services, N.S.W. Australia.
20.Jump up ^ "Actor Hurt leads Queen's honours". BBC News.
21.Jump up ^ Roberts, David (2006). British Hit Singles & Albums (19th ed.). London: Guinness World Records Limited. p. 264. ISBN 1-904994-10-5.
External links[edit]
Hank Marvin at AllMusic


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Aoife Ní Thuairisg

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Jump to: navigation, search

Aoife Ní Thuairisg is an iconic Irish language presenter on TG4, Ireland's Irish language television station. Aoife co-hosted TG4's 2015 Gradam Ceoil traditional Irish music awards show.
Aoife Ní Thuairisg was born in Inverin in Conamara and has two brothers and one sister. Before working in television, she ran her own business. She started working as a presenter on TG4 in 1997, and now presents the weather and is also a continuity announcer. She has presented various programmes in the past, including Ceol Tíre, the popular country music show, and the Féilte series, as well as live coverage of the Wimbledon Championships. She has also produced several programmes herself.
She produced several episodes of the successful series Paisean Faisean. However, she became involved in controversy when she refused to present a show featuring gay men, as she is a Jehovah's Witness.[1]
References[edit]
1.Jump up ^ McConnell, Daniel (20 May 2007). "Glam TV host had religious objection to all-gay show". Sunday Independent. Retrieved 20 May 2007.
External links[edit]
http://www.gradam.ie/?lang=en
http://www.bebo.com/Profile.jsp?MemberId=777273669
http://www.rte.ie/tv/turasteanga/guest1.html
http://www.imdb.com/name/nm2101403/
http://www.independent.ie/business/irish/paper-prophet-aoife-ni-thuairisg-132075.html



 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  


Categories: Living people
Irish television producers
Irish Jehovah's Witnesses
People from County Galway
TG4 presenters




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Close


Aoife Ní Thuairisg

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Jump to: navigation, search

Aoife Ní Thuairisg is an iconic Irish language presenter on TG4, Ireland's Irish language television station. Aoife co-hosted TG4's 2015 Gradam Ceoil traditional Irish music awards show.
Aoife Ní Thuairisg was born in Inverin in Conamara and has two brothers and one sister. Before working in television, she ran her own business. She started working as a presenter on TG4 in 1997, and now presents the weather and is also a continuity announcer. She has presented various programmes in the past, including Ceol Tíre, the popular country music show, and the Féilte series, as well as live coverage of the Wimbledon Championships. She has also produced several programmes herself.
She produced several episodes of the successful series Paisean Faisean. However, she became involved in controversy when she refused to present a show featuring gay men, as she is a Jehovah's Witness.[1]
References[edit]
1.Jump up ^ McConnell, Daniel (20 May 2007). "Glam TV host had religious objection to all-gay show". Sunday Independent. Retrieved 20 May 2007.
External links[edit]
http://www.gradam.ie/?lang=en
http://www.bebo.com/Profile.jsp?MemberId=777273669
http://www.rte.ie/tv/turasteanga/guest1.html
http://www.imdb.com/name/nm2101403/
http://www.independent.ie/business/irish/paper-prophet-aoife-ni-thuairisg-132075.html



 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  


Categories: Living people
Irish television producers
Irish Jehovah's Witnesses
People from County Galway
TG4 presenters




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Viv Nicholson

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Jump to: navigation, search



 This article needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. (April 2015)

Viv Nicholson

Born
3 April 1936
Castleford, Yorkshire, England, UK
Died
11 April 2015 (aged 79)
Wakefield, Yorkshire, England, UK
Vivian Nicholson (3 April 1936 – 11 April 2015) became publicly known overnight in the United Kingdom when she told the media she would "spend, spend, spend" after her husband Keith won £152,319 (equivalent to £2.96 million in 2015, adjusted for inflation) on the football pools in 1961.[1][2] Nicholson became the subject of tabloid news stories for many years.
By her own admission, she found it hard to cope with the psychological effects of the money Keith had won. She came to feel distanced from the people she had lived among, who in turn could no longer relate to her, and developed an ever greater longing for a much more affluent area.
After her husband Keith died in a car crash on 30 October 1965,[3] Nicholson's fortune rapidly dwindled to nothing: banks and tax creditors deemed her bankrupt and declared that all the money, and everything she had acquired with it, belonged not to her but to Keith's estate.
Nicholson won a three-year legal battle to gain £34,000 from her husband's estate,[4] but rapidly lost it all through bad investments. She relocated to Malta, but, after she assaulted a policeman, the Maltese authorities deported her back to Britain amid a storm of tabloid publicity.[3] She entered a mental home to escape from her third husband, who abused her during the four days they lived together; the marriage lasted only thirteen weeks.[citation needed].
She made many attempts to regain both her public profile and her lost wealth, such as recording a single (entitled "Spend Spend Spend", written by her brother) and appearing in a strip club singing "Big Spender". None of these efforts proved successful. After opening a short-lived boutique, she ended up penniless and, by 1976, claimed that she could not even afford to bury her fourth husband (with whom she had broken up three years earlier)[citation needed] when he died.
In 1976, after joining the Jehovah's Witnesses,[5] Nicholson co-wrote an autobiography with Stephen Smith, entitled Spend, Spend, Spend which was dramatised for the BBC's Play for Today series by Jack Rosenthal. Spend, Spend, Spend (1977) was directed by John Goldschmidt (who won a BAFTA award for the filmed play) and stars Susan Littler and John Duttine.[6]
A photograph of Nicholson was used on the sleeve of The Smiths' single "Heaven Knows I'm Miserable Now". Previously Morrissey had borrowed a line from Nicholson's autobiography for the song "Still Ill" ("Under the iron bridge we kissed, and although I ended up with sore lips..."). Another picture of Nicholson taken at Castleford pit was used on the German release of "Barbarism Begins At Home" and on the programme for the Meat Is Murder tour. A photo of Nicholson painting at an easel was used for the cover of a 1987 re-release of "The Headmaster Ritual", however, having become a Jehovah's Witness in 1979,[7] she objected to her image being used for the single's cover due to the use of an expletive in the song's lyrics ("Spineless bastards all...").[8]
A successful musical based on Nicholson's life – Spend Spend Spend – debuted in 1998 and subsequently ran on the West End.[9]
Nicholson died at Pinderfields hospital, Wakefield, aged 79, on 11 April 2015, after having had a stroke and dementia.[10]
In January 2015, Viv Nicholson's official site announced the forthcoming publication of a second book - a new biography that covers the time period from 1961-2015.[11]
References[edit]
1.Jump up ^ Pendlebury, Richard (22 April 2007). "Spent, spent, spent - pools winner now living on £87 a week". Mail Online. Retrieved 12 April 2015.
2.Jump up ^ Bulent Yusuf "What Happened Next?" The Observer, 6 July 2003
3.^ Jump up to: a b Richard Pendlebury "Spent, spent, spent - pools winner now living on £87 a week", Daily Mail, 22 April 2007
4.Jump up ^ Sheena Hastings "Spend spend spend Viv Nicholson: Older and wiser now", Yorkshire Post, 22 August 2008.
5.Jump up ^ [http://www.theguardian.com/uk-news/2015/apr/14/viv-nicholson Viv Nicholson obituary, The Guardian, 14 April 2015
6.Jump up ^ "Spend Spend Spend (15 Mar. 1977)", imdb.com; accessed 12 April 2015.
7.Jump up ^ Yusuf, Bulent (6 July 2003). "What happened next?". theguardian.com. Retrieved 13 April 2015.
8.Jump up ^ Barton, Laura (13 April 2015). "This charming woman: why Morrissey and the Smiths loved Viv Nicholson". theguardian.com. Retrieved 13 April 2015.
9.Jump up ^ Jonathon Green "She had it all - and spent it", The Guardian, 9 October 1999.
10.Jump up ^ "'Spend, spend, spend' Pools winner Viv Nicholson dies". BBC News (BBC). 12 April 2015. Retrieved 12 April 2015.
11.Jump up ^ "'Viv Nicholson - 50 Years On".


Authority control
VIAF: 16632278 ·
 ISNI: 0000 0001 2382 6989
 




 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  


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Viv Nicholson

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Jump to: navigation, search



 This article needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. (April 2015)

Viv Nicholson

Born
3 April 1936
Castleford, Yorkshire, England, UK
Died
11 April 2015 (aged 79)
Wakefield, Yorkshire, England, UK
Vivian Nicholson (3 April 1936 – 11 April 2015) became publicly known overnight in the United Kingdom when she told the media she would "spend, spend, spend" after her husband Keith won £152,319 (equivalent to £2.96 million in 2015, adjusted for inflation) on the football pools in 1961.[1][2] Nicholson became the subject of tabloid news stories for many years.
By her own admission, she found it hard to cope with the psychological effects of the money Keith had won. She came to feel distanced from the people she had lived among, who in turn could no longer relate to her, and developed an ever greater longing for a much more affluent area.
After her husband Keith died in a car crash on 30 October 1965,[3] Nicholson's fortune rapidly dwindled to nothing: banks and tax creditors deemed her bankrupt and declared that all the money, and everything she had acquired with it, belonged not to her but to Keith's estate.
Nicholson won a three-year legal battle to gain £34,000 from her husband's estate,[4] but rapidly lost it all through bad investments. She relocated to Malta, but, after she assaulted a policeman, the Maltese authorities deported her back to Britain amid a storm of tabloid publicity.[3] She entered a mental home to escape from her third husband, who abused her during the four days they lived together; the marriage lasted only thirteen weeks.[citation needed].
She made many attempts to regain both her public profile and her lost wealth, such as recording a single (entitled "Spend Spend Spend", written by her brother) and appearing in a strip club singing "Big Spender". None of these efforts proved successful. After opening a short-lived boutique, she ended up penniless and, by 1976, claimed that she could not even afford to bury her fourth husband (with whom she had broken up three years earlier)[citation needed] when he died.
In 1976, after joining the Jehovah's Witnesses,[5] Nicholson co-wrote an autobiography with Stephen Smith, entitled Spend, Spend, Spend which was dramatised for the BBC's Play for Today series by Jack Rosenthal. Spend, Spend, Spend (1977) was directed by John Goldschmidt (who won a BAFTA award for the filmed play) and stars Susan Littler and John Duttine.[6]
A photograph of Nicholson was used on the sleeve of The Smiths' single "Heaven Knows I'm Miserable Now". Previously Morrissey had borrowed a line from Nicholson's autobiography for the song "Still Ill" ("Under the iron bridge we kissed, and although I ended up with sore lips..."). Another picture of Nicholson taken at Castleford pit was used on the German release of "Barbarism Begins At Home" and on the programme for the Meat Is Murder tour. A photo of Nicholson painting at an easel was used for the cover of a 1987 re-release of "The Headmaster Ritual", however, having become a Jehovah's Witness in 1979,[7] she objected to her image being used for the single's cover due to the use of an expletive in the song's lyrics ("Spineless bastards all...").[8]
A successful musical based on Nicholson's life – Spend Spend Spend – debuted in 1998 and subsequently ran on the West End.[9]
Nicholson died at Pinderfields hospital, Wakefield, aged 79, on 11 April 2015, after having had a stroke and dementia.[10]
In January 2015, Viv Nicholson's official site announced the forthcoming publication of a second book - a new biography that covers the time period from 1961-2015.[11]
References[edit]
1.Jump up ^ Pendlebury, Richard (22 April 2007). "Spent, spent, spent - pools winner now living on £87 a week". Mail Online. Retrieved 12 April 2015.
2.Jump up ^ Bulent Yusuf "What Happened Next?" The Observer, 6 July 2003
3.^ Jump up to: a b Richard Pendlebury "Spent, spent, spent - pools winner now living on £87 a week", Daily Mail, 22 April 2007
4.Jump up ^ Sheena Hastings "Spend spend spend Viv Nicholson: Older and wiser now", Yorkshire Post, 22 August 2008.
5.Jump up ^ [http://www.theguardian.com/uk-news/2015/apr/14/viv-nicholson Viv Nicholson obituary, The Guardian, 14 April 2015
6.Jump up ^ "Spend Spend Spend (15 Mar. 1977)", imdb.com; accessed 12 April 2015.
7.Jump up ^ Yusuf, Bulent (6 July 2003). "What happened next?". theguardian.com. Retrieved 13 April 2015.
8.Jump up ^ Barton, Laura (13 April 2015). "This charming woman: why Morrissey and the Smiths loved Viv Nicholson". theguardian.com. Retrieved 13 April 2015.
9.Jump up ^ Jonathon Green "She had it all - and spent it", The Guardian, 9 October 1999.
10.Jump up ^ "'Spend, spend, spend' Pools winner Viv Nicholson dies". BBC News (BBC). 12 April 2015. Retrieved 12 April 2015.
11.Jump up ^ "'Viv Nicholson - 50 Years On".


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Larry Graham

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Jump to: navigation, search

For the Australian politician, see Larry Graham (politician).


 This biographical article needs additional citations for verification. Please help by adding reliable sources. Contentious material about living persons that is unsourced or poorly sourced must be removed immediately, especially if potentially libelous or harmful. (May 2012)

Larry Graham
Larry Graham.jpg
Background information

Birth name
Larry Graham, Jr.
Born
August 14, 1946 (age 68)
Beaumont, Texas, United States
Genres
Funk, soul, R&B
Occupation(s)
Musician, songwriter, producer
Instruments
Vocals, bass guitar, guitar, keyboards, organ, harmonica
Years active
1961–present
Labels
Epic, Warner Bros., NPG, RhinoSphinx
Associated acts
Sly and the Family Stone, Prince, Graham Central Station, Drake
Website
www.larrygraham.com
Notable instruments
White Moon bass nicknamed as Sunshine, Fender Jazz Bass
Larry Graham, Jr. (born August 14, 1946) is an American bass guitar player, both with the popular and influential psychedelic soul/funk band Sly and the Family Stone, and as the founder and frontman of Graham Central Station. He is credited with the invention of the slapping technique, which radically expanded the tonal palette of the bass, although he himself refers to the technique as "thumpin′ and pluckin′".[1]


Contents  [hide]
1 Biography
2 Discography 2.1 With Graham Central Station
2.2 Solo albums
2.3 Singles
3 References
4 External links

Biography[edit]
Born in Beaumont, Texas, to successful musicians, Graham played bass in the highly successful and influential funk band Sly and the Family Stone from 1966 to 1972. It is said that he pioneered the art of slap-pop playing on the electric bass, in part to provide percussive and rhythmic elements in addition to the notes of the bass line when his mother's band lacked a drummer; the slap of the thumb being used to emulate a bass drum and the pop of the index or middle finger as a snare drum.[1] This style has become archetypal of modern funk. Slap-pop playing couples a percussive thumb-slapping technique of the lower strings with an aggressive finger-snap of the higher strings, often in rhythmic alternation. The slap and pop technique incorporates a large ratio of muted or "dead" notes to normal notes, which adds to the rhythmic effect.
This "slap" bass style was later used by such artists as Bootsy Collins, Louis Johnson, Mark King, Flea, Victor Wooten, Jonas Hellborg, Kim Clarke of Defunkt, Marcus Miller, Stanley Clarke, and John Norwood Fisher of Fishbone.
After Sly and the Family Stone, Graham formed his own band, Graham Central Station. The name is a pun on Grand Central Station, the train station located in Manhattan, New York City. Graham Central Station had several hits in the 1970s, including "Hair".
In the mid-1970s, Larry Graham worked with Betty Davis, the second ex-wife of jazz legend Miles Davis. Betty Davis' band included members of the Tower of Power horns and the Pointer Sisters, and she recorded three albums to critical acclaim but limited commercial success.
In 1975, Graham became one of Jehovah's Witnesses.[2] Eventually, he was credited with introducing Prince to the faith. In the early 1980s, Graham recorded five solo albums and had several solo hits on the R&B charts. His biggest hit was "One in a Million You", a crossover hit, which reached No. 9 on the Billboard Hot 100 chart in 1980.
He reformed Graham Central Station in the early 1990s and performed with the band for several years during which they released two live albums. One was recorded in Japan in 1992, and the other, recorded in London in 1996, had only 1000 copies printed and was exclusively sold at concerts.
In 1998, he recorded a solo album under the name Graham Central Station, GCS 2000. It was a collaboration between Larry Graham and Prince. While Graham wrote all the songs, except one co-written by Prince, the album was co-arranged and co-produced by Prince, and most of the instruments and vocals were recorded by both Graham and Prince. Graham also played bass on tours with Prince in 1997–2000. He appeared in Prince's 1998 VHS Beautiful Strange and 1999 DVD Rave Un2 the Year 2000.
He has appeared with Prince since then at various international venues.
Larry Graham and Graham Central Station performed internationally with a world tour in 2010 and the "Funk Around The World" international tour in 2011. He appeared as a special guest at Jim James' "Rock N' Soul Dance Party Superjam" at Bonnaroo 2013.
Graham is the father of singer/songwriter and producer Darric Graham and is the uncle of Canadian rapper and actor Aubrey Graham (Drake).
Discography[edit]
With Graham Central Station[edit]
Graham Central Station (Warner Bros., 1974)
Release Yourself (Warner Bros., 1974)
Ain't No 'Bout-A-Doubt It (Warner Bros., 1975)
Mirror (Warner Bros., 1976)
Now Do U Wanta Dance (Warner Bros., 1977)
My Radio Sure Sounds Good to Me (Warner Bros., 1978)
Live in Japan (1992)
Live in London (1996)
Back by Popular Demand (1998)
The Best of Larry Graham and Graham Central Station, Vol. 1 (Warner Bros., 1996)
Raise Up (2012)
Solo albums[edit]
All Warner Bros. releases.1979: Star Walk
1980: One in a Million You
1981: Just Be My Lady
1982: Sooner or Later
1983: Victory
1985: Fired Up
NPG Records release1998: GCS2000 (as Graham Central Station)
Singles[edit]

Year
Title
Album
U.S. Hot 100
U.S. R&B
UK Singles Chart[3]
1980 "One in a Million You" One in a Million You 9 1 
1980 "When We Get Married" One in a Million You 76 9 
1981 "Guess Who" Just Be My Lady  69 
1981 "Just Be My Lady" Just Be My Lady 67 4 
1982 "Don't Stop When You're Hot"/
 "Sooner or Later" Sooner or Later 102
 110 16
 27 54

1983 "I Never Forget Your Eyes" Victory  34 
References[edit]
1.^ Jump up to: a b "Larry Graham: Trunk of the Funk Tree", Bass Player magazine, April 2007.
2.Jump up ^ Awake! magazine, February 22, 1989, p. 15.
3.Jump up ^ Roberts, David (2006). British Hit Singles & Albums (19th ed.). London: Guinness World Records Limited. p. 233. ISBN 1-904994-10-5.
External links[edit]
A bio from the Ultimate Band List.
"Release Yourself: From Sly Stone's roughhouse to the Artist's clubhouse, groundbreaking bassist Larry Graham finds new power in Minnesota", City Pages, July 21, 1999.


[hide]
v ·
 t ·
 e
 
Sly and the Family Stone


Sly Stone ·
 Freddie Stone ·
 Rose Stone ·
 Cynthia Robinson ·
 Greg Errico ·
 Jerry Martini ·
 Larry Graham
 

Studio albums
A Whole New Thing (1967) ·
 Dance to the Music (1968) ·
 Life (1968) ·
 Stand! (1969) ·
 There's a Riot Goin' On (1971) ·
 Fresh (1973) ·
 Small Talk (1974) ·
 High on You (Sly Stone, 1975) ·
 Heard Ya Missed Me, Well I'm Back (1976) ·
 Back on the Right Track (1979) ·
 Ain't But the One Way (1982) ·
 I'm Back! Family & Friends (Sly Stone, 2011)
 

Live albums
The Woodstock Experience (2009)
 

Compilations
Greatest Hits ·
 Ten Years Too Soon ·
 Sly & the Family Stone Anthology ·
 Who in the Funk Do You Think You Are: The Warner Bros. Recordings ·
 Rock and Roll ·
 The Essential Sly & the Family Stone ·
 Different Strokes by Different Folks ·
 Higher! ·
 The Collection
 

Singles
"Underdog" ·
 "Dance to the Music" ·
 "Dance à la Musique" ·
 "Life" ·
 "Everyday People" ·
 "Stand!" ·
 "Hot Fun in the Summertime" ·
 "Thank You (Falettinme Be Mice Elf Agin)" ·
 "I Want to Take You Higher" ·
 "Family Affair" ·
 "Runnin' Away" ·
 "(You Caught Me) Smilin'" ·
 "I Ain't Got Nobody" ·
 "If You Want Me to Stay" ·
 "Frisky" ·
 "Time for Livin'" ·
 "Loose Booty" ·
 "I Get High on You" ·
 "Le Lo Li" ·
 "Crossword Puzzle" ·
 "Blessing in Disguise" ·
 "Family Again"
 

Additional personnel
Vet Stone ·
 Mary McCreary ·
 Elva Mouton ·
 Gerry Gibson ·
 Rustee Allen ·
 Pat Rizzo ·
 Andy Newmark ·
 Bill Lordan ·
 Vicki Blackwell ·
 Jim Strassburg
 

Related articles
Awards ·
 Discography ·
 Sly Stone solo discography ·
 Members ·
 Little Sister
 

Wikipedia book Book ·
 Category Category
 



Authority control
WorldCat ·
 VIAF: 85756903 ·
 LCCN: n96014742 ·
 ISNI: 0000 0000 7841 2663 ·
 GND: 134642031 ·
 BNF: cb14042501r (data) ·
 MusicBrainz: 87982d06-55e1-456c-a11e-9911cc320f45
 




 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  


Categories: 1946 births
Living people
African-American singers
African-American rock musicians
American baritones
American bass guitarists
American funk bass guitarists
American funk singers
American male singers
Songwriters from Texas
American funk musicians
American Jehovah's Witnesses
People from Beaumont, Texas
Sly and the Family Stone members
Singers from Texas












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 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Larry_Graham








Larry Graham

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Jump to: navigation, search

For the Australian politician, see Larry Graham (politician).


 This biographical article needs additional citations for verification. Please help by adding reliable sources. Contentious material about living persons that is unsourced or poorly sourced must be removed immediately, especially if potentially libelous or harmful. (May 2012)

Larry Graham
Larry Graham.jpg
Background information

Birth name
Larry Graham, Jr.
Born
August 14, 1946 (age 68)
Beaumont, Texas, United States
Genres
Funk, soul, R&B
Occupation(s)
Musician, songwriter, producer
Instruments
Vocals, bass guitar, guitar, keyboards, organ, harmonica
Years active
1961–present
Labels
Epic, Warner Bros., NPG, RhinoSphinx
Associated acts
Sly and the Family Stone, Prince, Graham Central Station, Drake
Website
www.larrygraham.com
Notable instruments
White Moon bass nicknamed as Sunshine, Fender Jazz Bass
Larry Graham, Jr. (born August 14, 1946) is an American bass guitar player, both with the popular and influential psychedelic soul/funk band Sly and the Family Stone, and as the founder and frontman of Graham Central Station. He is credited with the invention of the slapping technique, which radically expanded the tonal palette of the bass, although he himself refers to the technique as "thumpin′ and pluckin′".[1]


Contents  [hide]
1 Biography
2 Discography 2.1 With Graham Central Station
2.2 Solo albums
2.3 Singles
3 References
4 External links

Biography[edit]
Born in Beaumont, Texas, to successful musicians, Graham played bass in the highly successful and influential funk band Sly and the Family Stone from 1966 to 1972. It is said that he pioneered the art of slap-pop playing on the electric bass, in part to provide percussive and rhythmic elements in addition to the notes of the bass line when his mother's band lacked a drummer; the slap of the thumb being used to emulate a bass drum and the pop of the index or middle finger as a snare drum.[1] This style has become archetypal of modern funk. Slap-pop playing couples a percussive thumb-slapping technique of the lower strings with an aggressive finger-snap of the higher strings, often in rhythmic alternation. The slap and pop technique incorporates a large ratio of muted or "dead" notes to normal notes, which adds to the rhythmic effect.
This "slap" bass style was later used by such artists as Bootsy Collins, Louis Johnson, Mark King, Flea, Victor Wooten, Jonas Hellborg, Kim Clarke of Defunkt, Marcus Miller, Stanley Clarke, and John Norwood Fisher of Fishbone.
After Sly and the Family Stone, Graham formed his own band, Graham Central Station. The name is a pun on Grand Central Station, the train station located in Manhattan, New York City. Graham Central Station had several hits in the 1970s, including "Hair".
In the mid-1970s, Larry Graham worked with Betty Davis, the second ex-wife of jazz legend Miles Davis. Betty Davis' band included members of the Tower of Power horns and the Pointer Sisters, and she recorded three albums to critical acclaim but limited commercial success.
In 1975, Graham became one of Jehovah's Witnesses.[2] Eventually, he was credited with introducing Prince to the faith. In the early 1980s, Graham recorded five solo albums and had several solo hits on the R&B charts. His biggest hit was "One in a Million You", a crossover hit, which reached No. 9 on the Billboard Hot 100 chart in 1980.
He reformed Graham Central Station in the early 1990s and performed with the band for several years during which they released two live albums. One was recorded in Japan in 1992, and the other, recorded in London in 1996, had only 1000 copies printed and was exclusively sold at concerts.
In 1998, he recorded a solo album under the name Graham Central Station, GCS 2000. It was a collaboration between Larry Graham and Prince. While Graham wrote all the songs, except one co-written by Prince, the album was co-arranged and co-produced by Prince, and most of the instruments and vocals were recorded by both Graham and Prince. Graham also played bass on tours with Prince in 1997–2000. He appeared in Prince's 1998 VHS Beautiful Strange and 1999 DVD Rave Un2 the Year 2000.
He has appeared with Prince since then at various international venues.
Larry Graham and Graham Central Station performed internationally with a world tour in 2010 and the "Funk Around The World" international tour in 2011. He appeared as a special guest at Jim James' "Rock N' Soul Dance Party Superjam" at Bonnaroo 2013.
Graham is the father of singer/songwriter and producer Darric Graham and is the uncle of Canadian rapper and actor Aubrey Graham (Drake).
Discography[edit]
With Graham Central Station[edit]
Graham Central Station (Warner Bros., 1974)
Release Yourself (Warner Bros., 1974)
Ain't No 'Bout-A-Doubt It (Warner Bros., 1975)
Mirror (Warner Bros., 1976)
Now Do U Wanta Dance (Warner Bros., 1977)
My Radio Sure Sounds Good to Me (Warner Bros., 1978)
Live in Japan (1992)
Live in London (1996)
Back by Popular Demand (1998)
The Best of Larry Graham and Graham Central Station, Vol. 1 (Warner Bros., 1996)
Raise Up (2012)
Solo albums[edit]
All Warner Bros. releases.1979: Star Walk
1980: One in a Million You
1981: Just Be My Lady
1982: Sooner or Later
1983: Victory
1985: Fired Up
NPG Records release1998: GCS2000 (as Graham Central Station)
Singles[edit]

Year
Title
Album
U.S. Hot 100
U.S. R&B
UK Singles Chart[3]
1980 "One in a Million You" One in a Million You 9 1 
1980 "When We Get Married" One in a Million You 76 9 
1981 "Guess Who" Just Be My Lady  69 
1981 "Just Be My Lady" Just Be My Lady 67 4 
1982 "Don't Stop When You're Hot"/
 "Sooner or Later" Sooner or Later 102
 110 16
 27 54

1983 "I Never Forget Your Eyes" Victory  34 
References[edit]
1.^ Jump up to: a b "Larry Graham: Trunk of the Funk Tree", Bass Player magazine, April 2007.
2.Jump up ^ Awake! magazine, February 22, 1989, p. 15.
3.Jump up ^ Roberts, David (2006). British Hit Singles & Albums (19th ed.). London: Guinness World Records Limited. p. 233. ISBN 1-904994-10-5.
External links[edit]
A bio from the Ultimate Band List.
"Release Yourself: From Sly Stone's roughhouse to the Artist's clubhouse, groundbreaking bassist Larry Graham finds new power in Minnesota", City Pages, July 21, 1999.


[hide]
v ·
 t ·
 e
 
Sly and the Family Stone


Sly Stone ·
 Freddie Stone ·
 Rose Stone ·
 Cynthia Robinson ·
 Greg Errico ·
 Jerry Martini ·
 Larry Graham
 

Studio albums
A Whole New Thing (1967) ·
 Dance to the Music (1968) ·
 Life (1968) ·
 Stand! (1969) ·
 There's a Riot Goin' On (1971) ·
 Fresh (1973) ·
 Small Talk (1974) ·
 High on You (Sly Stone, 1975) ·
 Heard Ya Missed Me, Well I'm Back (1976) ·
 Back on the Right Track (1979) ·
 Ain't But the One Way (1982) ·
 I'm Back! Family & Friends (Sly Stone, 2011)
 

Live albums
The Woodstock Experience (2009)
 

Compilations
Greatest Hits ·
 Ten Years Too Soon ·
 Sly & the Family Stone Anthology ·
 Who in the Funk Do You Think You Are: The Warner Bros. Recordings ·
 Rock and Roll ·
 The Essential Sly & the Family Stone ·
 Different Strokes by Different Folks ·
 Higher! ·
 The Collection
 

Singles
"Underdog" ·
 "Dance to the Music" ·
 "Dance à la Musique" ·
 "Life" ·
 "Everyday People" ·
 "Stand!" ·
 "Hot Fun in the Summertime" ·
 "Thank You (Falettinme Be Mice Elf Agin)" ·
 "I Want to Take You Higher" ·
 "Family Affair" ·
 "Runnin' Away" ·
 "(You Caught Me) Smilin'" ·
 "I Ain't Got Nobody" ·
 "If You Want Me to Stay" ·
 "Frisky" ·
 "Time for Livin'" ·
 "Loose Booty" ·
 "I Get High on You" ·
 "Le Lo Li" ·
 "Crossword Puzzle" ·
 "Blessing in Disguise" ·
 "Family Again"
 

Additional personnel
Vet Stone ·
 Mary McCreary ·
 Elva Mouton ·
 Gerry Gibson ·
 Rustee Allen ·
 Pat Rizzo ·
 Andy Newmark ·
 Bill Lordan ·
 Vicki Blackwell ·
 Jim Strassburg
 

Related articles
Awards ·
 Discography ·
 Sly Stone solo discography ·
 Members ·
 Little Sister
 

Wikipedia book Book ·
 Category Category
 



Authority control
WorldCat ·
 VIAF: 85756903 ·
 LCCN: n96014742 ·
 ISNI: 0000 0000 7841 2663 ·
 GND: 134642031 ·
 BNF: cb14042501r (data) ·
 MusicBrainz: 87982d06-55e1-456c-a11e-9911cc320f45
 




 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  


Categories: 1946 births
Living people
African-American singers
African-American rock musicians
American baritones
American bass guitarists
American funk bass guitarists
American funk singers
American male singers
Songwriters from Texas
American funk musicians
American Jehovah's Witnesses
People from Beaumont, Texas
Sly and the Family Stone members
Singers from Texas












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This page was last modified on 5 May 2015, at 05:36.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License; additional terms may apply. By using this site, you agree to the Terms of Use and Privacy Policy. Wikipedia® is a registered trademark of the Wikimedia Foundation, Inc., a non-profit organization.
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Close


George Benson

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Jump to: navigation, search

For other people named George Benson, see George Benson (disambiguation).

George Benson
George Benson 2009.jpg
George Benson performing in Madrid 2009

Background information

Born
March 22, 1943 (age 72)
Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States
Genres
Jazz, funk, rhythm and blues, soul
Occupation(s)
Musician, singer-songwriter
Instruments
Vocals, guitar, archtop guitar
Years active
1954 (as little George Benson)[1][2]
 1963–present
Labels
Prestige Records (1964–65)
Columbia Records (1966–67)
Verve Records (1968)
A&M Records (1968–70)
CTI Records (1971–76)
Warner Bros. Records (1976–94)
GRP Records (1995–2005)
Concord Records (2006–present)
Associated acts
Jack McDuff, Earl Klugh, Al Jarreau, Joe Farrell, Count Basie Orchestra, McCoy Tyner, Joe Sample, Fuse One, Wes Montgomery, Django Reinhardt, Charlie Christian
Website
Official website
Notable instruments
Ibanez GB10 Signature Model
 Ibanez GB200 Signature Model
George Benson (born March 22, 1943)[3] is a ten-time Grammy Award-winning American musician, guitarist and singer-songwriter. He began his professional career at twenty-one, as a jazz guitarist. Benson uses a rest-stroke picking technique similar to that of gypsy jazz players such as Django Reinhardt.
A former child prodigy, Benson first came to prominence in the 1960s, playing soul jazz with Jack McDuff and others. He then launched a successful solo career, alternating between jazz, pop, R&B singing, and scat singing. His album Breezin' was certified triple-platinum, hitting #1 on the Billboard album chart in 1976.[4] His concerts were well attended through the 1980s, and he still has a large following.[4] He has received a star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame.


Contents  [hide]
1 Biography 1.1 Early career
1.2 1970s and 1980s
1.3 1990s to present
1.4 Personal life
2 Discography
3 Awards 3.1 Grammy Awards
4 References
5 External links

Biography[edit]
Early career[edit]
Benson was born and raised in the Hill District in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.[5][6] At the age of seven, he first played the ukulele in a corner drug store, for which he was paid a few dollars. At the age of eight, he played guitar[5] in an unlicensed nightclub on Friday and Saturday nights, but the police soon closed the club down.[citation needed] At the age of 10, he recorded his first single record, "She Makes Me Mad",[1] with RCA-Victor in New York, under the name "Little Georgie".[5]
Benson attended and graduated Schenley High School.[7][8] As a youth, instead, he learned how to play straight-ahead instrumental jazz during a relationship performing for several years with organist Jack McDuff. One of his many early guitar heroes was country-jazz guitarist Hank Garland.[9][10] At the age of 21, he recorded his first album as leader, The New Boss Guitar, featuring McDuff.[3] Benson's next recording was It's Uptown with the George Benson Quartet, including Lonnie Smith on organ and Ronnie Cuber on baritone saxophone.[3] Benson followed it up with The George Benson Cookbook, also with Lonnie Smith and Ronnie Cuber on baritone and drummer Marion Booker.[3] Miles Davis employed Benson in the mid-1960s, featuring his guitar on "Paraphernalia" on his 1968 Columbia release, Miles in the Sky before going to Verve Records.
Benson then signed with Creed Taylor's jazz label CTI Records, where he recorded several albums, with jazz heavyweights guesting, to some success, mainly in the jazz field. His 1974 release, Bad Benson, climbed to the top spot in the Billboard jazz chart, while the follow-ups, Good King Bad (#51 Pop album) and Benson and Farrell (with Joe Farrell), both reached the jazz top-three sellers. Benson also did a version of The Beatles's 1969 album Abbey Road called The Other Side of Abbey Road, also released in 1969, and a version of "White Rabbit", originally written and recorded by San Francisco rock group Great Society, and made famous by Jefferson Airplane.[3] Benson played on numerous sessions for other CTI artists during this time, including Freddie Hubbard and Stanley Turrentine, notably on the latter's acclaimed album Sugar.
1970s and 1980s[edit]




George Benson "Breezin'" (1976)







Title track sample from George Benson's Breezin′ album

Problems playing this file? See media help.
By the mid- to late 1970s, as he recorded for Warner Bros. Records, a whole new audience began to discover Benson. With the 1976 release Breezin', Benson sang a lead vocal on the track "This Masquerade", which became a huge pop hit and won a Grammy Award for Record of the Year. (He had sung vocals infrequently on albums earlier in his career, notably his rendition of "Here Comes the Sun" on the Other Side of Abbey Road album.) The rest of the album is instrumental, including his rendition of the 1975 Jose Feliciano composition "Affirmation". Breezin′ was a significant album in terms of popular music history – the first jazz release to go platinum.
In 1976, Benson toured with soul singer Minnie Riperton, who had been diagnosed with terminal breast cancer earlier that year. Also in 1976, George Benson appeared as a guitarist and backup vocalist on Stevie Wonder's song "Another Star" from Wonder's album Songs in the Key of Life. He also recorded the original version of "The Greatest Love of All" for the 1977 Muhammad Ali bio-pic, The Greatest, which was later covered by Whitney Houston as "Greatest Love of All".[11] During this time Benson recorded with the German conductor Claus Ogerman.[12] The live take of "On Broadway", recorded a few months later from the 1978 release Weekend in L.A., also won a Grammy. He has worked with Freddie Hubbard on a number of his albums throughout the 1960s, 1970s and 1980s.
The Qwest record label (a subsidiary of Warner Bros., run by Quincy Jones) released Benson's breakthrough pop album Give Me The Night, produced by Jones. Benson made it into the pop and R&B top ten with the song "Give Me the Night" (written by former Heatwave keyboardist Rod Temperton). More importantly, Quincy Jones encouraged Benson to search his roots for further vocal inspiration, and he re-discovered his love for Nat Cole, Ray Charles and Donny Hathaway in the process, influencing a string of further vocal albums into the 1990s. Despite returning to his jazz and guitar playing most recently, this theme was reflected again much later in Benson's 2000 release Absolute Benson, featuring a cover of one of Hathaway's most notable songs, "The Ghetto". Benson accumulated three other platinum LPs and two gold albums.[11]
1990s to present[edit]




George Benson – "This Masquerade"







Sample track from George Benson's Breezin' album (1976)

Problems playing this file? See media help.
In 1985, Benson and guitarist Chet Atkins went on the smooth jazz charts with their collaboration "Sunrise", one of two songs from the duo released on Atkins' disc Stay Tuned. In 1992, Benson appeared on Jack McDuff's Colour Me Blue album, his first appearance on a Concord album. Benson signed with Concord Records in 2005 and toured with Al Jarreau in America, South Africa, Australia and New Zealand to promote their 2006 multiple Grammy-winning album Givin' It Up.[citation needed]
To commemorate the long-term relationship between Benson and Ibanez and to celebrate 30 years of collaboration on the GB Signature Models, Ibanez created the GB30TH, a very limited-edition model featuring a gold-foil finish inspired by the traditional Japanese Garahaku art form.[13] In 2009, Benson was recognized by the National Endowment of the Arts as a Jazz Master, the nation's highest honor in jazz.[14] Benson performed at the 49th issue of the Ohrid Summer Festival in Macedonia on July 25, 2009, and his tribute show to Nat King Cole An Unforgettable Tribute to Nat King Cole as part of the Istanbul International Jazz Festival in Turkey on July 27. In the fall of 2009, Benson finished recording a new album entitled Songs and Stories, with Marcus Miller, producer John Burk,[15] and session musicians David Paich and Steve Lukather.[16] As a part of the promotion for his recent Concord Music Group/Monster Music release Songs and Stories, Benson has appeared and/or performed on The Tavis Smiley Show,[17] Jimmy Kimmel Live![18] and Late Night with Jimmy Fallon.[19]
Benson toured throughout 2010 in North America, Europe and the Pacific Rim, including an appearance at the Singapore Sun Festival.[20] He performed at the Java Jazz Festival March 4–6, 2011. In 2011, Benson released the album Guitar Man—revisiting his 1960s/early-1970s guitar-playing roots with a 12-song collection of covers of both jazz and pop standards overseen by producer John Burk.[21]

 In June 2013, Benson released his fourth album for Concord Records, Inspiration: A Tribute to Nat King Cole, which featured Wynton Marsalis, Idina Menzel, Till Brönner, and Judith Hill. In September, he returned to perform at Rock in Rio festival, in Rio de Janeiro, 35 years after his first performance at this festival, which was then the inaugural one.[22]
Personal life[edit]
Benson has been married to Johnnie Lee since 1965. Benson describes his music as focusing more on love and romance, rather than sexuality.[23] He is one of Jehovah's Witnesses.[24]
Discography[edit]



 Benson in September 2011
Main article: George Benson discography
Awards[edit]
Grammy Awards[edit]
List of Grammy Awards received by George Benson[25]

Year
Category
Title
Notes
1977 Best R&B Instrumental Performance "Theme from Good King Bad" 
1977 Best Pop Instrumental Performance Breezin' 
1977 Record of the Year "This Masquerade" Tommy LiPuma, producer
1979 Best Male R&B Vocal Performance "On Broadway" 
1981 Best Jazz Vocal Performance, Male "Moody's Mood" 
1981 Best R&B Instrumental Performance "Off Broadway" 
1981 Best Male R&B Vocal Performance Give Me the Night 
1984 Best Pop Instrumental Performance "Being with You" 
2007 Best Traditional R&B Performance "God Bless the Child" with Al Jarreau & Jill Scott
2007 Best Pop Instrumental Performance "Mornin'" 
References[edit]
1.^ Jump up to: a b Australian ABCTV Flashez interview January 1, 1977.
2.Jump up ^ 45 Discography for Groove Records
3.^ Jump up to: a b c d e allmusic Biography
4.^ Jump up to: a b Roberts, David (2006). British Hit Singles & Albums (19th ed.). London: Guinness World Records Limited. p. 54. ISBN 1-904994-10-5.
5.^ Jump up to: a b c Bird, Christiane (2001). The Da Capo Jazz And Blues Lover's Guide to the U.s. Da Capo Press. p. 196. ISBN 0306810344. Retrieved September 8, 2012.
6.Jump up ^ Mitchem, Stephanie Y.; Townes, Emilie Maureen (2008). Faith, Health, and Healing in African American Life. ABC-CLIO. p. 111. ISBN 0275993752. Retrieved September 8, 2012.
7.Jump up ^ "NEW – Pittsburgh's Schenley school – whose alums include Andy Warhol and George Benson – to close". The Tribune-Democrat. June 26, 2008. Retrieved September 12, 2012.
8.Jump up ^ Smydo, Joe (December 10, 2005). "Panel to study if Schenley High can survive". Pittsburgh Post-Gazette. Retrieved September 12, 2012.
9.Jump up ^ Associated Press (July 8, 2004). "Hank Garland living in shadow of his greatness". MSNBC. Retrieved September 12, 2012.
10.Jump up ^ Upchurch, Frances (December 20, 1978). "But Hank Sugarfoot Garland Was To Play His Guitar Again". Spartanburg Herald-Journal. Retrieved September 12, 2012.
11.^ Jump up to: a b VH1 – Artists bio
12.Jump up ^ Ogerman website
13.Jump up ^ "Ibanez.com". Ibanez.com. Retrieved April 25, 2010.
14.Jump up ^ National Endowment for the Arts (March 22, 1943). "NEA Jazz Masters: George Benson, Vocalist and Solo Instrumentalist (Guitar)". Nea.gov. Retrieved April 25, 2010.
15.Jump up ^ "Biography". George Benson. August 25, 2009. Retrieved April 25, 2010.
16.Jump up ^ Stevelukather.net
17.Jump up ^ "Tavis Smiley . Shows . George Benson . October 6, 2009". PBS. October 6, 2009. Retrieved April 25, 2010.
18.Jump up ^ "Jimmy Kimmel Live Tomorrow Night, Wednesday Sep. 23!". George Benson. Retrieved April 25, 2010.
19.Jump up ^ Mergner, Lee. "Jazz Articles: George Benson Appearing With The Roots on Late Night with Jimmy Fallon Show — By Lee Mergner — Jazz Articles". Jazztimes.com. Retrieved April 25, 2010.
20.Jump up ^ YourSingapore.com – Music at Singapore Sun Festival
21.Jump up ^ George Benson interview by Pete Lewis, Blues & Soul, May 2012.
22.Jump up ^ Benson e Ivan Lins levam 'risada mais gostosa' e choro ao Rock in Rio
23.Jump up ^ Walden, Celia. "George Benson interview: love songs are one of the things in life that last". Telegraph. Telegraph. Retrieved May 28, 2013.
24.Jump up ^ Benson stated that he donated considerable funds to the religion's Watchtower Society. Robert E. Johnson, associate editor. "George Benson tells how he copes with fame, family, career and the stresses of show business"Jet Magazine 1 May 1989, pages 57-59, [1]
25.Jump up ^ "Past Winners Search". GRAMMY.com. Retrieved December 12, 2011.
External links[edit]
Book icon Book: George Benson

 Wikimedia Commons has media related to George Benson.
George Benson at AllMusic
Official website


[show]
v ·
 t ·
 e
 
George Benson








































































Wikipedia book




[show]
v ·
 t ·
 e
 
Grammy Award for Record of the Year (1970s)




























Authority control
WorldCat ·
 VIAF: 85419947 ·
 LCCN: n82099720 ·
 ISNI: 0000 0000 7838 7381 ·
 GND: 120446901 ·
 SUDOC: 150684576 ·
 BNF: cb13891366t (data) ·
 MusicBrainz: 467f69b6-8d6d-4d2c-bfad-e89adf2806ff
 




 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  


Categories: 1943 births
Living people
American male singers
American male composers
American songwriters
American jazz guitarists
American jazz singers
Smooth jazz guitarists
Lead guitarists
Grammy Award winners
Musicians from Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
Schenley High School alumni
African-American guitarists
African-American singers
Groove Records artists
GRP Records artists
Verve Records artists
Columbia Records artists
Prestige Records artists
Warner Bros. Records artists
Concord Records artists
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Musicians from Phoenix, Arizona
American Jehovah's Witnesses
American singer-songwriters
















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 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/George_Benson















Close


George Benson

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Jump to: navigation, search

For other people named George Benson, see George Benson (disambiguation).

George Benson
George Benson 2009.jpg
George Benson performing in Madrid 2009

Background information

Born
March 22, 1943 (age 72)
Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States
Genres
Jazz, funk, rhythm and blues, soul
Occupation(s)
Musician, singer-songwriter
Instruments
Vocals, guitar, archtop guitar
Years active
1954 (as little George Benson)[1][2]
 1963–present
Labels
Prestige Records (1964–65)
Columbia Records (1966–67)
Verve Records (1968)
A&M Records (1968–70)
CTI Records (1971–76)
Warner Bros. Records (1976–94)
GRP Records (1995–2005)
Concord Records (2006–present)
Associated acts
Jack McDuff, Earl Klugh, Al Jarreau, Joe Farrell, Count Basie Orchestra, McCoy Tyner, Joe Sample, Fuse One, Wes Montgomery, Django Reinhardt, Charlie Christian
Website
Official website
Notable instruments
Ibanez GB10 Signature Model
 Ibanez GB200 Signature Model
George Benson (born March 22, 1943)[3] is a ten-time Grammy Award-winning American musician, guitarist and singer-songwriter. He began his professional career at twenty-one, as a jazz guitarist. Benson uses a rest-stroke picking technique similar to that of gypsy jazz players such as Django Reinhardt.
A former child prodigy, Benson first came to prominence in the 1960s, playing soul jazz with Jack McDuff and others. He then launched a successful solo career, alternating between jazz, pop, R&B singing, and scat singing. His album Breezin' was certified triple-platinum, hitting #1 on the Billboard album chart in 1976.[4] His concerts were well attended through the 1980s, and he still has a large following.[4] He has received a star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame.


Contents  [hide]
1 Biography 1.1 Early career
1.2 1970s and 1980s
1.3 1990s to present
1.4 Personal life
2 Discography
3 Awards 3.1 Grammy Awards
4 References
5 External links

Biography[edit]
Early career[edit]
Benson was born and raised in the Hill District in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.[5][6] At the age of seven, he first played the ukulele in a corner drug store, for which he was paid a few dollars. At the age of eight, he played guitar[5] in an unlicensed nightclub on Friday and Saturday nights, but the police soon closed the club down.[citation needed] At the age of 10, he recorded his first single record, "She Makes Me Mad",[1] with RCA-Victor in New York, under the name "Little Georgie".[5]
Benson attended and graduated Schenley High School.[7][8] As a youth, instead, he learned how to play straight-ahead instrumental jazz during a relationship performing for several years with organist Jack McDuff. One of his many early guitar heroes was country-jazz guitarist Hank Garland.[9][10] At the age of 21, he recorded his first album as leader, The New Boss Guitar, featuring McDuff.[3] Benson's next recording was It's Uptown with the George Benson Quartet, including Lonnie Smith on organ and Ronnie Cuber on baritone saxophone.[3] Benson followed it up with The George Benson Cookbook, also with Lonnie Smith and Ronnie Cuber on baritone and drummer Marion Booker.[3] Miles Davis employed Benson in the mid-1960s, featuring his guitar on "Paraphernalia" on his 1968 Columbia release, Miles in the Sky before going to Verve Records.
Benson then signed with Creed Taylor's jazz label CTI Records, where he recorded several albums, with jazz heavyweights guesting, to some success, mainly in the jazz field. His 1974 release, Bad Benson, climbed to the top spot in the Billboard jazz chart, while the follow-ups, Good King Bad (#51 Pop album) and Benson and Farrell (with Joe Farrell), both reached the jazz top-three sellers. Benson also did a version of The Beatles's 1969 album Abbey Road called The Other Side of Abbey Road, also released in 1969, and a version of "White Rabbit", originally written and recorded by San Francisco rock group Great Society, and made famous by Jefferson Airplane.[3] Benson played on numerous sessions for other CTI artists during this time, including Freddie Hubbard and Stanley Turrentine, notably on the latter's acclaimed album Sugar.
1970s and 1980s[edit]




George Benson "Breezin'" (1976)







Title track sample from George Benson's Breezin′ album

Problems playing this file? See media help.
By the mid- to late 1970s, as he recorded for Warner Bros. Records, a whole new audience began to discover Benson. With the 1976 release Breezin', Benson sang a lead vocal on the track "This Masquerade", which became a huge pop hit and won a Grammy Award for Record of the Year. (He had sung vocals infrequently on albums earlier in his career, notably his rendition of "Here Comes the Sun" on the Other Side of Abbey Road album.) The rest of the album is instrumental, including his rendition of the 1975 Jose Feliciano composition "Affirmation". Breezin′ was a significant album in terms of popular music history – the first jazz release to go platinum.
In 1976, Benson toured with soul singer Minnie Riperton, who had been diagnosed with terminal breast cancer earlier that year. Also in 1976, George Benson appeared as a guitarist and backup vocalist on Stevie Wonder's song "Another Star" from Wonder's album Songs in the Key of Life. He also recorded the original version of "The Greatest Love of All" for the 1977 Muhammad Ali bio-pic, The Greatest, which was later covered by Whitney Houston as "Greatest Love of All".[11] During this time Benson recorded with the German conductor Claus Ogerman.[12] The live take of "On Broadway", recorded a few months later from the 1978 release Weekend in L.A., also won a Grammy. He has worked with Freddie Hubbard on a number of his albums throughout the 1960s, 1970s and 1980s.
The Qwest record label (a subsidiary of Warner Bros., run by Quincy Jones) released Benson's breakthrough pop album Give Me The Night, produced by Jones. Benson made it into the pop and R&B top ten with the song "Give Me the Night" (written by former Heatwave keyboardist Rod Temperton). More importantly, Quincy Jones encouraged Benson to search his roots for further vocal inspiration, and he re-discovered his love for Nat Cole, Ray Charles and Donny Hathaway in the process, influencing a string of further vocal albums into the 1990s. Despite returning to his jazz and guitar playing most recently, this theme was reflected again much later in Benson's 2000 release Absolute Benson, featuring a cover of one of Hathaway's most notable songs, "The Ghetto". Benson accumulated three other platinum LPs and two gold albums.[11]
1990s to present[edit]




George Benson – "This Masquerade"







Sample track from George Benson's Breezin' album (1976)

Problems playing this file? See media help.
In 1985, Benson and guitarist Chet Atkins went on the smooth jazz charts with their collaboration "Sunrise", one of two songs from the duo released on Atkins' disc Stay Tuned. In 1992, Benson appeared on Jack McDuff's Colour Me Blue album, his first appearance on a Concord album. Benson signed with Concord Records in 2005 and toured with Al Jarreau in America, South Africa, Australia and New Zealand to promote their 2006 multiple Grammy-winning album Givin' It Up.[citation needed]
To commemorate the long-term relationship between Benson and Ibanez and to celebrate 30 years of collaboration on the GB Signature Models, Ibanez created the GB30TH, a very limited-edition model featuring a gold-foil finish inspired by the traditional Japanese Garahaku art form.[13] In 2009, Benson was recognized by the National Endowment of the Arts as a Jazz Master, the nation's highest honor in jazz.[14] Benson performed at the 49th issue of the Ohrid Summer Festival in Macedonia on July 25, 2009, and his tribute show to Nat King Cole An Unforgettable Tribute to Nat King Cole as part of the Istanbul International Jazz Festival in Turkey on July 27. In the fall of 2009, Benson finished recording a new album entitled Songs and Stories, with Marcus Miller, producer John Burk,[15] and session musicians David Paich and Steve Lukather.[16] As a part of the promotion for his recent Concord Music Group/Monster Music release Songs and Stories, Benson has appeared and/or performed on The Tavis Smiley Show,[17] Jimmy Kimmel Live![18] and Late Night with Jimmy Fallon.[19]
Benson toured throughout 2010 in North America, Europe and the Pacific Rim, including an appearance at the Singapore Sun Festival.[20] He performed at the Java Jazz Festival March 4–6, 2011. In 2011, Benson released the album Guitar Man—revisiting his 1960s/early-1970s guitar-playing roots with a 12-song collection of covers of both jazz and pop standards overseen by producer John Burk.[21]

 In June 2013, Benson released his fourth album for Concord Records, Inspiration: A Tribute to Nat King Cole, which featured Wynton Marsalis, Idina Menzel, Till Brönner, and Judith Hill. In September, he returned to perform at Rock in Rio festival, in Rio de Janeiro, 35 years after his first performance at this festival, which was then the inaugural one.[22]
Personal life[edit]
Benson has been married to Johnnie Lee since 1965. Benson describes his music as focusing more on love and romance, rather than sexuality.[23] He is one of Jehovah's Witnesses.[24]
Discography[edit]



 Benson in September 2011
Main article: George Benson discography
Awards[edit]
Grammy Awards[edit]
List of Grammy Awards received by George Benson[25]

Year
Category
Title
Notes
1977 Best R&B Instrumental Performance "Theme from Good King Bad" 
1977 Best Pop Instrumental Performance Breezin' 
1977 Record of the Year "This Masquerade" Tommy LiPuma, producer
1979 Best Male R&B Vocal Performance "On Broadway" 
1981 Best Jazz Vocal Performance, Male "Moody's Mood" 
1981 Best R&B Instrumental Performance "Off Broadway" 
1981 Best Male R&B Vocal Performance Give Me the Night 
1984 Best Pop Instrumental Performance "Being with You" 
2007 Best Traditional R&B Performance "God Bless the Child" with Al Jarreau & Jill Scott
2007 Best Pop Instrumental Performance "Mornin'" 
References[edit]
1.^ Jump up to: a b Australian ABCTV Flashez interview January 1, 1977.
2.Jump up ^ 45 Discography for Groove Records
3.^ Jump up to: a b c d e allmusic Biography
4.^ Jump up to: a b Roberts, David (2006). British Hit Singles & Albums (19th ed.). London: Guinness World Records Limited. p. 54. ISBN 1-904994-10-5.
5.^ Jump up to: a b c Bird, Christiane (2001). The Da Capo Jazz And Blues Lover's Guide to the U.s. Da Capo Press. p. 196. ISBN 0306810344. Retrieved September 8, 2012.
6.Jump up ^ Mitchem, Stephanie Y.; Townes, Emilie Maureen (2008). Faith, Health, and Healing in African American Life. ABC-CLIO. p. 111. ISBN 0275993752. Retrieved September 8, 2012.
7.Jump up ^ "NEW – Pittsburgh's Schenley school – whose alums include Andy Warhol and George Benson – to close". The Tribune-Democrat. June 26, 2008. Retrieved September 12, 2012.
8.Jump up ^ Smydo, Joe (December 10, 2005). "Panel to study if Schenley High can survive". Pittsburgh Post-Gazette. Retrieved September 12, 2012.
9.Jump up ^ Associated Press (July 8, 2004). "Hank Garland living in shadow of his greatness". MSNBC. Retrieved September 12, 2012.
10.Jump up ^ Upchurch, Frances (December 20, 1978). "But Hank Sugarfoot Garland Was To Play His Guitar Again". Spartanburg Herald-Journal. Retrieved September 12, 2012.
11.^ Jump up to: a b VH1 – Artists bio
12.Jump up ^ Ogerman website
13.Jump up ^ "Ibanez.com". Ibanez.com. Retrieved April 25, 2010.
14.Jump up ^ National Endowment for the Arts (March 22, 1943). "NEA Jazz Masters: George Benson, Vocalist and Solo Instrumentalist (Guitar)". Nea.gov. Retrieved April 25, 2010.
15.Jump up ^ "Biography". George Benson. August 25, 2009. Retrieved April 25, 2010.
16.Jump up ^ Stevelukather.net
17.Jump up ^ "Tavis Smiley . Shows . George Benson . October 6, 2009". PBS. October 6, 2009. Retrieved April 25, 2010.
18.Jump up ^ "Jimmy Kimmel Live Tomorrow Night, Wednesday Sep. 23!". George Benson. Retrieved April 25, 2010.
19.Jump up ^ Mergner, Lee. "Jazz Articles: George Benson Appearing With The Roots on Late Night with Jimmy Fallon Show — By Lee Mergner — Jazz Articles". Jazztimes.com. Retrieved April 25, 2010.
20.Jump up ^ YourSingapore.com – Music at Singapore Sun Festival
21.Jump up ^ George Benson interview by Pete Lewis, Blues & Soul, May 2012.
22.Jump up ^ Benson e Ivan Lins levam 'risada mais gostosa' e choro ao Rock in Rio
23.Jump up ^ Walden, Celia. "George Benson interview: love songs are one of the things in life that last". Telegraph. Telegraph. Retrieved May 28, 2013.
24.Jump up ^ Benson stated that he donated considerable funds to the religion's Watchtower Society. Robert E. Johnson, associate editor. "George Benson tells how he copes with fame, family, career and the stresses of show business"Jet Magazine 1 May 1989, pages 57-59, [1]
25.Jump up ^ "Past Winners Search". GRAMMY.com. Retrieved December 12, 2011.
External links[edit]
Book icon Book: George Benson

 Wikimedia Commons has media related to George Benson.
George Benson at AllMusic
Official website


[show]
v ·
 t ·
 e
 
George Benson








































































Wikipedia book




[show]
v ·
 t ·
 e
 
Grammy Award for Record of the Year (1970s)




























Authority control
WorldCat ·
 VIAF: 85419947 ·
 LCCN: n82099720 ·
 ISNI: 0000 0000 7838 7381 ·
 GND: 120446901 ·
 SUDOC: 150684576 ·
 BNF: cb13891366t (data) ·
 MusicBrainz: 467f69b6-8d6d-4d2c-bfad-e89adf2806ff
 




 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  


Categories: 1943 births
Living people
American male singers
American male composers
American songwriters
American jazz guitarists
American jazz singers
Smooth jazz guitarists
Lead guitarists
Grammy Award winners
Musicians from Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
Schenley High School alumni
African-American guitarists
African-American singers
Groove Records artists
GRP Records artists
Verve Records artists
Columbia Records artists
Prestige Records artists
Warner Bros. Records artists
Concord Records artists
African-American jazz guitarists
Musicians from Phoenix, Arizona
American Jehovah's Witnesses
American singer-songwriters
















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Talk









Read

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This page was last modified on 17 May 2015, at 23:02.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License; additional terms may apply. By using this site, you agree to the Terms of Use and Privacy Policy. Wikipedia® is a registered trademark of the Wikimedia Foundation, Inc., a non-profit organization.
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 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/George_Benson









Oracene Price

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Jump to: navigation, search


Oracene Price

Born
April 3, 1952 (age 63)
Saginaw, Michigan, U.S.
Occupation
Coach
Religion
Jehovah's Witness
Spouse(s)
Yusef Rasheed (deceased)
Richard Williams (1980-2002) (divorced)
Children
Yetunde Price (deceased)
 Lyndrea Price
 Isha Price
Venus Williams
Serena Williams
Oracene Price (born April 3, 1952) is an American tennis coach. She is best known for being the mother of Venus and Serena Williams, top professional tennis players. She is the former wife of Richard Williams, whom she divorced in 2002. As a coach and parent, she has regularly been called unflappable and calm.[citation needed]


Contents  [hide]
1 Biography
2 Coaching and guiding
3 References
4 Further reading

Biography[edit]
Price was born in Saginaw, Michigan, in 1952. Her father was an automotive worker.[citation needed] She graduated from Buena Vista High School in 1970 and from Western Michigan University.[citation needed] She has three daughters from a previous marriage with Yusef Rasheed: Yetunde Price (1972-2003), who was a former beauty salon owner and registered nurse; Lyndrea Price, a Web designer; and Isha Price, a Lawyer. After Rasheed's death, while working as a nurse, Oracene married Richard Williams and had two more daughters, Venus Williams and Serena Williams. Both are currently famous tennis players.[1] She helped her husband as he began coaching Venus and Serena in tennis. The Williams family moved to Florida on the offer of Rick Macci to coach their daughters for free.[2][3]
By the end of 2000, Price was no longer living with her husband Richard Williams and, citing irreconcilable differences, they divorced in 2002. She subsequently reverted to her maiden name of Price.[4][5]
During a semifinal match between Serena and Justine Henin at the 2003 French Open, Williams was booed by fans after a complaint about a line call. Price believes that the boos were motivated by race, saying "We, as black people, live with this all the time. It's all about control."[6] Tennis journalist and author L. Jon Wertheim has said of Price, "You have to respect anyone incapable of gloss or spin (i.e., unwilling to lie)."[7] At the Indian Wells tournament in 2001, controversy resulted when Venus withdrew from a semifinal match with Serena, who was then booed during the final and trophy presentation. Price is a Jehovah's Witness and raised her daughters in the faith; she describes herself as a deeply spiritual woman.[8] Price also has described herself as being a "rampant feminist" when dealing with what she believes to be the overly sexualized images of women in the media.[9]
She has traveled to Africa with her daughter Serena for charity work to help in the construction of schools particularly in Senegal.[10]
Coaching and guiding[edit]
Price's coaching has arguably been overshadowed by her role as mother, but as a coach she has been called underappreciated.[11] Price is not a coach in a traditional sense (though she did learn tennis herself to help teach her daughters the technical aspects of the game) and is instead credited, along with Richard Williams, in keeping her daughters focused and disciplined and for helping to build a solid foundation of self-esteem and outside interests for her daughters.[12]
Venus and Serena's "poise under pressure"[citation needed] is often credited to the self-belief instilled in them by their mother. "There's no such thing as pressure," says Price. "As black Americans, that's all we've ever had. It's life. So where's the pressure?"[13] This approach was coupled with, according to noted tennis coach Nick Bollettieri, a respect that meant that neither Price nor Richard Williams raised their voices to their daughters.[14] Journalist Bonnie D. Ford has said that the longevity exhibited by the Williams sisters is directly attributable to their parents and the way that Richard Williams and Price have helped them manage their careers and lives. Ford believes it is especially admirable that Price and her ex-husband have continued to remain jointly supportive despite their separation.[15]
References[edit]
1.Jump up ^ Arrest in killing of tennis stars' half-sister
2.Jump up ^ Edmonson[clarification needed]
3.Jump up ^ Donaldson[clarification needed]
4.Jump up ^ Wertheim[clarification needed]
5.Jump up ^ Serena and Venus on the fabulous Oracene, mother of the Williams Dynasty
6.Jump up ^ Theories About Paris From Serena's Mother
7.Jump up ^ SI.com Tennis Mailbag- The Ultimate Battle
8.Jump up ^ Daily Nation: The mother behind the Williams' sisters
9.Jump up ^ Fein, Paul (2005). You Can Quote Me On That: Greatest Tennis Quips, Insights And Zingers. Washington: Potomac Books. p. 80. ISBN 1-57488-925-7.
10.Jump up ^ Daily Nation: The mother behind the Williams' sisters
11.Jump up ^ String Theory: Fits and Starts
12.Jump up ^ Concrete Elbow: Ten Gifts From '07
13.Jump up ^ Who's Your Daddy?
14.Jump up ^ Bollettieri had a hand in grooming 10 players who hit No. 1
15.Jump up ^ Williams sisters' parents deserve accolades for job well-done
Further reading[edit]
Bradley, Michael (2003). Venus Williams. Michael Cavendish Publishing. ISBN 0-7614-1630-7.[clarification needed]
Donaldson, Madeline (2003). Venus & Serena Williams. Minneapolis, MN: LernerSports. ISBN 0-8225-3316-2.
Edmondson, Jacqueline (2005). Venus and Serena Williams: A Biography. Westport, Conn: Greenwood Press. ISBN 0-313-33165-0.
Fein, Paul (2005). You Can Quote Me On That: Greatest Tennis Quips, Insights And Zingers. Washington: Potomac Books. ISBN 1-57488-925-7.
Wertheim, L. Jon (2001). Venus Envy: A Sensational Season Inside the Women's Tennis Tour. London: HarperCollins. ISBN 0-06-019774-9.



 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  


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People from Saginaw, Michigan
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Western Michigan University alumni
American Jehovah's Witnesses








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Oracene Price

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Jump to: navigation, search


Oracene Price

Born
April 3, 1952 (age 63)
Saginaw, Michigan, U.S.
Occupation
Coach
Religion
Jehovah's Witness
Spouse(s)
Yusef Rasheed (deceased)
Richard Williams (1980-2002) (divorced)
Children
Yetunde Price (deceased)
 Lyndrea Price
 Isha Price
Venus Williams
Serena Williams
Oracene Price (born April 3, 1952) is an American tennis coach. She is best known for being the mother of Venus and Serena Williams, top professional tennis players. She is the former wife of Richard Williams, whom she divorced in 2002. As a coach and parent, she has regularly been called unflappable and calm.[citation needed]


Contents  [hide]
1 Biography
2 Coaching and guiding
3 References
4 Further reading

Biography[edit]
Price was born in Saginaw, Michigan, in 1952. Her father was an automotive worker.[citation needed] She graduated from Buena Vista High School in 1970 and from Western Michigan University.[citation needed] She has three daughters from a previous marriage with Yusef Rasheed: Yetunde Price (1972-2003), who was a former beauty salon owner and registered nurse; Lyndrea Price, a Web designer; and Isha Price, a Lawyer. After Rasheed's death, while working as a nurse, Oracene married Richard Williams and had two more daughters, Venus Williams and Serena Williams. Both are currently famous tennis players.[1] She helped her husband as he began coaching Venus and Serena in tennis. The Williams family moved to Florida on the offer of Rick Macci to coach their daughters for free.[2][3]
By the end of 2000, Price was no longer living with her husband Richard Williams and, citing irreconcilable differences, they divorced in 2002. She subsequently reverted to her maiden name of Price.[4][5]
During a semifinal match between Serena and Justine Henin at the 2003 French Open, Williams was booed by fans after a complaint about a line call. Price believes that the boos were motivated by race, saying "We, as black people, live with this all the time. It's all about control."[6] Tennis journalist and author L. Jon Wertheim has said of Price, "You have to respect anyone incapable of gloss or spin (i.e., unwilling to lie)."[7] At the Indian Wells tournament in 2001, controversy resulted when Venus withdrew from a semifinal match with Serena, who was then booed during the final and trophy presentation. Price is a Jehovah's Witness and raised her daughters in the faith; she describes herself as a deeply spiritual woman.[8] Price also has described herself as being a "rampant feminist" when dealing with what she believes to be the overly sexualized images of women in the media.[9]
She has traveled to Africa with her daughter Serena for charity work to help in the construction of schools particularly in Senegal.[10]
Coaching and guiding[edit]
Price's coaching has arguably been overshadowed by her role as mother, but as a coach she has been called underappreciated.[11] Price is not a coach in a traditional sense (though she did learn tennis herself to help teach her daughters the technical aspects of the game) and is instead credited, along with Richard Williams, in keeping her daughters focused and disciplined and for helping to build a solid foundation of self-esteem and outside interests for her daughters.[12]
Venus and Serena's "poise under pressure"[citation needed] is often credited to the self-belief instilled in them by their mother. "There's no such thing as pressure," says Price. "As black Americans, that's all we've ever had. It's life. So where's the pressure?"[13] This approach was coupled with, according to noted tennis coach Nick Bollettieri, a respect that meant that neither Price nor Richard Williams raised their voices to their daughters.[14] Journalist Bonnie D. Ford has said that the longevity exhibited by the Williams sisters is directly attributable to their parents and the way that Richard Williams and Price have helped them manage their careers and lives. Ford believes it is especially admirable that Price and her ex-husband have continued to remain jointly supportive despite their separation.[15]
References[edit]
1.Jump up ^ Arrest in killing of tennis stars' half-sister
2.Jump up ^ Edmonson[clarification needed]
3.Jump up ^ Donaldson[clarification needed]
4.Jump up ^ Wertheim[clarification needed]
5.Jump up ^ Serena and Venus on the fabulous Oracene, mother of the Williams Dynasty
6.Jump up ^ Theories About Paris From Serena's Mother
7.Jump up ^ SI.com Tennis Mailbag- The Ultimate Battle
8.Jump up ^ Daily Nation: The mother behind the Williams' sisters
9.Jump up ^ Fein, Paul (2005). You Can Quote Me On That: Greatest Tennis Quips, Insights And Zingers. Washington: Potomac Books. p. 80. ISBN 1-57488-925-7.
10.Jump up ^ Daily Nation: The mother behind the Williams' sisters
11.Jump up ^ String Theory: Fits and Starts
12.Jump up ^ Concrete Elbow: Ten Gifts From '07
13.Jump up ^ Who's Your Daddy?
14.Jump up ^ Bollettieri had a hand in grooming 10 players who hit No. 1
15.Jump up ^ Williams sisters' parents deserve accolades for job well-done
Further reading[edit]
Bradley, Michael (2003). Venus Williams. Michael Cavendish Publishing. ISBN 0-7614-1630-7.[clarification needed]
Donaldson, Madeline (2003). Venus & Serena Williams. Minneapolis, MN: LernerSports. ISBN 0-8225-3316-2.
Edmondson, Jacqueline (2005). Venus and Serena Williams: A Biography. Westport, Conn: Greenwood Press. ISBN 0-313-33165-0.
Fein, Paul (2005). You Can Quote Me On That: Greatest Tennis Quips, Insights And Zingers. Washington: Potomac Books. ISBN 1-57488-925-7.
Wertheim, L. Jon (2001). Venus Envy: A Sensational Season Inside the Women's Tennis Tour. London: HarperCollins. ISBN 0-06-019774-9.



 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  


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Living people
People from Saginaw, Michigan
American tennis coaches
Western Michigan University alumni
American Jehovah's Witnesses








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Rebbie Jackson

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Rebbie Jackson

Birth name
Maureen Reillette Jackson
Born
May 29, 1950 (age 64)
Gary, Indiana, U.S.
Genres
R&B, pop, soul
Occupation(s)
Singer, actress
Years active
1974–1998, 2010–present
Labels
Columbia
 MJJ Productions/MJJ Music
 SuperBird Records
 Music Records
Associated acts
The Jackson 5
Maureen Reillette "Rebbie" Brown (née Jackson; born May 29, 1950) is an American singer professionally known as Rebbie Jackson /ˈriːbi ˈdʒæksən/. Born and raised in Gary, Indiana, she is the eldest child of the Jackson family of musicians. She first performed on stage with her siblings during shows in Las Vegas, Nevada, at the MGM Grand Hotel and Casino in 1974, before subsequently appearing in the television series The Jacksons. Her sister La Toya was born on Jackson's 6th birthday. At age 34, Jackson released her debut album Centipede (1984). The album featured songs written by Smokey Robinson, Prince, and Jackson's younger brother Michael, whose contribution (the title track "Centipede") became Rebbie's most successful single release. By the end of the 1980s, the singer had released two more albums in quick succession: Reaction (1986) and R U Tuff Enuff (1988).
Following a 10-year hiatus in her musical career, Jackson returned with the 1998 album Yours Faithfully. The production of the album, her last to date, was a collaboration with artists and producers such as Men of Vizion's Spanky Williams, Keith Thomas, and Eliot Kennedy. It also featured contributions from her children. In 2011, Rebbie embarked on the "Pick Up the Phone Tour," which is dedicated to teens who have committed suicide all over the U.S.


Contents  [hide]
1 Life and career 1.1 Childhood and youth
1.2 Marriage
1.3 Grandchildren
1.4 Early career
1.5 Centipede
1.6 Reaction and R U Tuff Enuff
1.7 Yours Faithfully
1.8 Death of Michael Jackson
2 Discography 2.1 Albums
2.2 Singles
3 Footnotes
4 References
5 External links

Life and career[edit]
Childhood and youth[edit]



 First row, from left: Janet Jackson, Randy Jackson, La Toya Jackson, Rebbie Jackson (1977)
Maureen Reillette "Rebbie" Jackson was born in Gary, Indiana, to a working-class family on May 29, 1950. The daughter of Joseph Walter "Joe" and Katherine Esther (née Scruse), she is the eldest of their ten children. Her siblings are Jackie, Tito, Jermaine, La Toya, Brandon (d. 1957), Marlon, Michael (d. June 25, 2009), Randy, and Janet.[1] Joseph was a steel mill employee who often performed in a rhythm and blues (R&B) band called The Falcons with his brother, Luther.[2] His wife, Katherine, is a Jehovah's Witness and raised her children to follow the religion. Rebbie, La Toya, and Michael became the most devout of the children as time progressed.[3] Reflecting on her early life, Rebbie acknowledged in a 1980s magazine interview that her role within the family had been that of a "second mother" to her younger siblings, whom she would often babysit.[4]
Marriage[edit]
18-year-old Rebbie's announcement that she wanted to marry her childhood love, Nathaniel Brown, in May 1968 created a division in the Jackson family. Jackson expressed her feelings for the man and proclaimed that she wanted to move with him to Kentucky. Katherine encouraged her daughter to proceed with the union; she felt that being a wife and mother were important roles for all of her daughters to play. Joseph, however, was against the marriage; he wanted Rebbie to follow in the footsteps of her brothers (The Jackson 5) and become a singer. Her father felt that married life would stop her from becoming a success in the entertainment business.[5] Though Rebbie had taken clarinet, piano and dance lessons in her childhood, she had no interest in a music career.[5][6] This was despite the fact that according to brother Jermaine she had won several singing contests, duetting with brother Jackie. The teenager thought a happy home was more comforting and secure than the instability of show business.[5] She also wanted to leave her family's drama-filled home on Jackson Street. Arguments ensued for several weeks before her father relented and allowed Rebbie to wed Brown. Having the last word on the matter, Joseph refused to walk his daughter down the aisle.[7]
Brown and Jackson have three children, daughters Stacee (born May 5, 1971) and Yashi (born October 5, 1977), and son Austin (born November 22, 1985).[8] Rebbie's husband, Nathaniel Brown, died of cancer on January 6, 2013.[9]
Grandchildren[edit]
Rebbie has one grandson, London Blue Salas (born July 25, 2005), from her oldest daughter, Stacee.
Early career[edit]
Jackson began her singing career in 1974, performing with her siblings in Las Vegas. The Vegas shows had initially begun in April, without Rebbie; due to a sprained ankle, Rebbie's debut was postponed until June. Her five brothers were the main draws, with herself, Randy, Janet, and La Toya serving as fillers for the performances.[10]
When The Jackson 5 parted with their record label Motown in 1976, they signed to CBS Records and rebranded themselves as The Jacksons.[11] Additionally, the brothers were signed to CBS-TV to star with their family in a variety series called The Jacksons. The shows premiered in June 1976, and featured all of the siblings excluding Jermaine, who had chosen to stay with Motown. The initial series run of the 30-minute programs was four weeks. Due to ratings success, more episodes were ordered in January 1977. The shows marked the first time that an African-American family had ever starred in a television series. The run of programs concluded shortly afterward.[12]
Prior to the series, Jackson had thought of her singing as merely a private hobby. The Jacksons—as well as an early love of musicals—motivated her to become a professional recording artist, and the show's producer encouraged her to sing.[13][14] Jackson served as a backing vocalist for several musicians around this time, as well as a cabaret singer. She contributed her voice for songs by artists such as The Emotions, Sonny Bono and Betty Wright before Jackson's second pregnancy stalled her musical career for a short time.[6][15][16]
Centipede[edit]
Following years of preparation, Jackson's debut album Centipede was distributed in October 1984 by CBS Records, who had signed her as a solo artist two years previously.[13][14] The album was only released once the singer had ensured that family life was secure and that she had spent time with her children during their important younger years. Centipede became a moderate chart success, reaching number 13 on Billboard's Top R&B/Hip-Hop Albums chart and number 63 on its Top 200. The recording of the album had been a family affair; it involved several contributions from her relatives. Her husband Nathaniel Brown co-wrote the song "Come Alive Saturday Night" with two of his wife's brothers: Randy and Tito. The latter Jackson also penned "Hey Boy" with his wife Dee Dee.[13] The most successful song from the album was the million-selling title track, "Centipede".[16] Written, arranged and produced by Michael, the song also featured Jackson's famous brother on backing vocals.[13] It reached number 4 on the Black Singles Chart and was subsequently certified gold by the Recording Industry Association of America.[16][17][18] "Centipede" marked Michael's first effort at writing and producing since the release of his successful Thriller (1982).[6]
Other tracks from Rebbie's album included cover versions of songs by Prince ("I Feel for You") and Smokey Robinson and the Miracles ("A Fork in the Road").[16] The album received mixed reviews from journalists and music critics.[19][20][21] According to the magazine Jet, Centipede marked Jackson's emergence as a "legitimate recording artist" and "cleared the major hurdle of demonstrating that she [was] talented and marketable".[13] With the album, Jackson became the last of her siblings to embark on a recording career and the last in line to release hit material.[6][22][23]
Rebbie later revealed that there was a lot of discussion at the time of the release of Centipede over whether she should use the Jackson surname professionally or not. To begin with Rebbie did not want to use her pre-marriage surname, but later reasoned that it was silly to deny her heritage. Jackson explained that she did, however, compromise with the use of her family name on the Centipede album cover - "Rebbie is large and Jackson is small".[13] She further stated that the success of siblings Michael and Janet had not been a hindrance to her, but served as an enhancement to her career. Rebbie added that she did not have to worry about "name recognition".[14]
Reaction and R U Tuff Enuff[edit]
Reaction served as a follow-up album to Centipede, and was released in October 1986.[6] The album was recorded at Tito's Ponderosa Studios in Los Angeles, California.[24] Her brother Tito produced Reaction along with David Conley and David Townsend of the R&B group Surface. Duets were featured on the album, including one with Cheap Trick lead singer Robin Zander and another with Isaac Hayes.[6][16] The Zander-Jackson collaboration ("You Send the Rain Away") was released as a single, and peaked at number 50 on the R&B singles chart. Jackson's duet with Hayes, the ballad "Tonight I'm Yours", was not released as a single, though received substantial airplay. Reaction's title track ("Reaction") was the most popular hit from the album, reaching number 16 on the R&B singles chart.[6]
The R U Tuff Enuff album succeeded Reaction upon its release in July 1988.[6] Jackson was more involved with the production of the album than she had been on her previous releases. She stated at the time of R U Tuff Enuff's distribution that the sound on the album differed from anything she had done previously. Jackson commented that the album was "more versatile", while noting that it resembled other albums because it had a lot of dance music.[14] Two singles were released from the album and charted on the R&B singles chart: "Plaything", which made it into the top 10, and the title track "R U Tuff Enuff", which peaked at number 78.[6][16][25] By mid-June 1988, R U Tuff Enuff had reportedly sold 300,000 copies.[26] MTV later concluded that the album "struggled".[16] Jackson would lend her vocals to "2300 Jackson Street" (the title track of her brothers' 2300 Jackson Street album), before taking a hiatus from releasing music.[16][27][28] Jackson later stated that she performed around the world during this hiatus.[29]
Yours Faithfully[edit]



When fans find out there's another Jackson coming out, they want to hear what the person is about. That can be a double-edged sword.
Rebbie Jackson, 1998[29]
Following a 10-year break from music, Jackson signed with her brother Michael's record label, MJJ Music, in 1997. From the label, Yours Faithfully was released on March 31, 1998. The album featured a remixed version of Jackson's successful "Centipede".[16][29] Initially, the singer had not wanted to feature the track, believing that it was part of the past. After thinking about it for a while, Jackson felt that the inclusion of the remix—which features a rap by son Austin—would be a good way to return to the music scene. In addition, two of her other children, Stacee and Yashi, contributed backing vocals for the album. Other tracks from the album included "Fly Away", which was written and produced by brother Michael, who also served as co-executive producer for Yours Faithfully.[29] Fellow producers included Keith Thomas and Eliot Kennedy.[30] The album also featured a duet with Men of Vizion's Spanky Williams on The Spinners' "I Don't Want to Lose You", which Jet described as being a "sizzling" rendition.[29] Yours Faithfully's title track was released as a single and peaked at number 76 on the R&B chart.[25] Vibe magazine's Quohnos Mitchell expressed disappointment in the album, labelling its content a "mix of dated R&B grooves dressed up with a few cleverly placed samples".[31]
Death of Michael Jackson[edit]
Jackson's brother Michael died in June 2009, because of propofol intoxication. His memorial service was held several days later on July 7, and the finale featured group renditions of the Jackson anthems "We Are the World" and "Heal the World".[32][33] The singalong featured Michael's siblings (including Rebbie) and the late singer's children.[33][34][35] Following the service—which was held at Los Angeles' Staples Center—Rebbie, along with sisters Janet and La Toya, addressed fans at the nearby L.A. Live entertainment complex. "We are extremely grateful for all the support. We love you all."[36] In the weeks following Michael's death, it was speculated by media sources that Rebbie would be the primary caregiver for her late brother's three children; Prince Michael, Prince Michael II and Paris. It was stated that even if Michael and Rebbie's mother Katherine were granted custody of her grandchildren, Rebbie would care for the three siblings on a day-to-day basis at the Jackson family's Encino home.[16] Katherine was named the legal guardian of the trio in August 2009.[37][38] In early 2011, Rebbie announced she's begun recording for a new album, her first in 14 years. She's also been performing throughout the states with a set list that contains her best known songs, some of her brothers' songs, and some Motown classics.
Discography[edit]
Albums[edit]

Year
Album
Peak chart positions
Worldwide sales

U.S. Top 200[39]
U.S. R&B[40]
1984 Centipede Released: October 10, 1984
Labels: CBS Records
 63 13 
1986 Reaction Released: March 9, 1986
Labels: CBS Records
 54 6 
1988 R U Tuff Enuff Released: July 12, 1988
Labels: CBS Records
 — 58 300,000 units[26]
1998 Yours Faithfully Released: March 31, 1998
Labels: MJJ Productions
 28 67 
Singles[edit]

Year
Single
Peak chart positions
Album
Certifications
(sales thresholds)

U.S. R&B[25]
U.S. Hot 100[41]
RIANZ[42]
1984 "Centipede" 4 24 4 Centipede US: Gold[18]

1985 "A Fork in the Road" 40 — — —
1986 "Reaction" 16 — — Reaction —
1987 "You Send the Rain Away" — — — —
"2300 Jackson Street" (The Jacksons featuring Michael Jackson, Janet Jackson, Rebbie Jackson and Marlon Jackson) 9 — — 2300 Jackson Street —
1988 "Plaything" 8 — — R U Tuff Enuff —
"R U Tuff Enuff" 78 — — —
1998 "Yours Faithfully" 76 — — Yours Faithfully —
Footnotes[edit]
1.Jump up ^ Taraborrelli (2004), pp. 11–14.
2.Jump up ^ Taraborrelli (2004), p. 15.
3.Jump up ^ Taraborrelli (2004), pp. 17–18.
4.Jump up ^ "Rebbie Jackson goes back to Gary home, talks about famous brother, sisters". Jet (Johnson Publishing Company) 72 (25). September 14, 1987. ISSN 0021-5996. Retrieved December 20, 2009.
5.^ Jump up to: a b c Taraborrelli (2004), p. 35.
6.^ Jump up to: a b c d e f g h i Hogan, Ed. "Rebbie Jackson biography". Billboard. Retrieved October 11, 2009.
7.Jump up ^ Taraborrelli (2004), p. 36.
8.Jump up ^ Campbell (1993), p. 20.
9.Jump up ^ Caitlin White (January 10, 2013). "Rebbie Jackson, Husband Death: Nathaniel Brown Loses Cancer Battle". The Boombox. Retrieved 27 June 2013.
10.Jump up ^ Taraborrelli (2004), pp. 115–117.
11.Jump up ^ Taraborrelli (2004), pp. 137–142.
12.Jump up ^ Taraborrelli (2004), pp. 143–146.
13.^ Jump up to: a b c d e f Collier, Aldore (May 27, 1985). "Rebbie, oldest sister, latest bloomer, in the Jackson family". Jet (Johnson Publishing Company) 68 (11). Retrieved October 11, 2009.
14.^ Jump up to: a b c d Wynn, Ron (June 21, 1988). "Rebbie is a solo Jackson". Star-Banner. Retrieved January 13, 2010.
15.Jump up ^ Dineen (1993), p. 59.
16.^ Jump up to: a b c d e f g h i j Ditzian, Eric (July 23, 2009). "Michael Jackson's Sister Rebbie May Take Care Of Kids". MTV. Retrieved October 11, 2009.
17.Jump up ^ Ditzian, Eric (June 26, 2009). "Michael Jackson's Family Tree: Janet, Rebbie, Marlon And More". MTV. Retrieved October 11, 2009.
18.^ Jump up to: a b "RIAA database". Recording Industry Association of America. Retrieved October 11, 2009. (To search the database for Jackson's releases, type "Rebbie Jackson" into the Artist field and the title of the release into the Title field.)
19.Jump up ^ Harry, Rich (October 13, 1984). "An Oddly Compatible Couple: Johnny Mathis, Husker Du Pop Music/singles". The Morning Call. Retrieved January 14, 2010.
20.Jump up ^ Takiff, Jonathan (October 18, 1984). "The hot discs for gift-givers". Philadelphia Daily News. Retrieved January 14, 2010.
21.Jump up ^ Tucker, Ken (September 16, 1984). "Rap and dance music: diverse performers are giving it a whirl". The Philadelphia Inquirer. Retrieved January 14, 2010.
22.Jump up ^ "Sister Rebbie". The Daily Courier. November 11, 1984. Retrieved October 11, 2009.
23.Jump up ^ "The eldest of the Jacksons". St. Petersburg Times. November 15, 1984. Retrieved October 11, 2009.[dead link]
24.Jump up ^ McTavish, Brian (July 16, 1987). "Rebbie Jackson is ready for her to turn on the charts" (PAYMENT REQUIRED TO ACCESS FULL ARTICLE). Chicago Tribune. Retrieved October 11, 2009.
25.^ Jump up to: a b c "Rebbie Jackson chart history: R&B/hip-hop songs". Billboard. Retrieved October 11, 2009.
26.^ Jump up to: a b "Michael Jackson's sister to perform in Middlesboro" (PAYMENT REQUIRED TO ACCESS FULL ARTICLE). Lexington Herald-Leader. June 17, 1988. Retrieved October 11, 2009.
27.Jump up ^ "Jacksons say no hard feelings". Wilmington Morning Star. April 3, 1989. Retrieved October 11, 2009.[dead link]
28.Jump up ^ "Jacksons aren't fighting". St. Petersburg Times. April 3, 1989. Retrieved October 11, 2009.[dead link]
29.^ Jump up to: a b c d e "Rebbie Jackson releases hot new album, 'Yours Faithfully'". Jet (Johnson Publishing Company) 93 (23). May 4, 1988. ISSN 0021-5996. Retrieved October 11, 2009.
30.Jump up ^ Yours Faithfully (Media notes). Rebbie Jackson. MJJ Music. 1988.
31.Jump up ^ Mitchell, Quohnos (March 1998). "Yours Faithfully". Vibe (Vibe Media Group) 6 (2). ISSN 1070-4701. Retrieved December 20, 2009.
32.Jump up ^ Harris, Chris (July 7, 2009). "Who Is Michael Jackson Memorial Performer Shaheen Jafargholi?". Rolling Stone. Retrieved July 22, 2009.
33.^ Jump up to: a b Anderson, Kyle (July 8, 2009). "Who Sang 'We Are The World' At Michael Jackson Memorial?". MTV. Retrieved July 22, 2009.
34.Jump up ^ Powers, Anne (July 7, 2009). "Michael Jackson memorial: 'We Are the World,' 'Who's Lovin' You' and the final performances". Los Angeles Times. Retrieved July 22, 2009.
35.Jump up ^ "Millions watch Michael Jackson's LA memorial". The Jerusalem Post. July 7, 2009. Retrieved October 23, 2009.
36.Jump up ^ Vena, Jocelyn (July 8, 2009). "Janet Jackson, Sisters Thank Fans After Michael Jackson Memorial". MTV. Retrieved October 23, 2009.
37.Jump up ^ "Jackson's mother granted custody". BBC News. August 4, 2009. Retrieved November 9, 2009.
38.Jump up ^ Deutsch, Linda (August 17, 2009). "Jackson had long history with estate executor". The Guardian. Retrieved January 11, 2010.
39.Jump up ^ "Rebbie Jackson chart history: Top 200 albums". Billboard. Retrieved October 11, 2009.
40.Jump up ^ "Rebbie Jackson chart history: R&B/hip-hop albums". Billboard. Retrieved October 11, 2009.
41.Jump up ^ "Rebbie Jackson chart history: Hot 100". Billboard. Retrieved October 11, 2009.
42.Jump up ^ "Ultratop Singles Chart Archives". Ultratop. ultratop.be. Retrieved September 29, 2009.
References[edit]
Campbell, Lisa (1993). Michael Jackson: The King of Pop. Boston, Massachusetts: Branden. ISBN 0-8283-1957-X.
Dineen, Catherine (1993). Michael Jackson: In His Own Words. London, England: Omnibus Press. ISBN 0-7119-3216-6.
Taraborrelli, J. Randy (2004). The Magic and the Madness. Terra Alta, West Virginia: Headline. ISBN 0-330-42005-4.
External links[edit]

Portal icon The Jackson Family portal
Rebbie Jackson at Allmusic
Rebbie Jackson at the Internet Movie Database


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Categories: 1950 births
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Rebbie Jackson

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Rebbie Jackson

Birth name
Maureen Reillette Jackson
Born
May 29, 1950 (age 64)
Gary, Indiana, U.S.
Genres
R&B, pop, soul
Occupation(s)
Singer, actress
Years active
1974–1998, 2010–present
Labels
Columbia
 MJJ Productions/MJJ Music
 SuperBird Records
 Music Records
Associated acts
The Jackson 5
Maureen Reillette "Rebbie" Brown (née Jackson; born May 29, 1950) is an American singer professionally known as Rebbie Jackson /ˈriːbi ˈdʒæksən/. Born and raised in Gary, Indiana, she is the eldest child of the Jackson family of musicians. She first performed on stage with her siblings during shows in Las Vegas, Nevada, at the MGM Grand Hotel and Casino in 1974, before subsequently appearing in the television series The Jacksons. Her sister La Toya was born on Jackson's 6th birthday. At age 34, Jackson released her debut album Centipede (1984). The album featured songs written by Smokey Robinson, Prince, and Jackson's younger brother Michael, whose contribution (the title track "Centipede") became Rebbie's most successful single release. By the end of the 1980s, the singer had released two more albums in quick succession: Reaction (1986) and R U Tuff Enuff (1988).
Following a 10-year hiatus in her musical career, Jackson returned with the 1998 album Yours Faithfully. The production of the album, her last to date, was a collaboration with artists and producers such as Men of Vizion's Spanky Williams, Keith Thomas, and Eliot Kennedy. It also featured contributions from her children. In 2011, Rebbie embarked on the "Pick Up the Phone Tour," which is dedicated to teens who have committed suicide all over the U.S.


Contents  [hide]
1 Life and career 1.1 Childhood and youth
1.2 Marriage
1.3 Grandchildren
1.4 Early career
1.5 Centipede
1.6 Reaction and R U Tuff Enuff
1.7 Yours Faithfully
1.8 Death of Michael Jackson
2 Discography 2.1 Albums
2.2 Singles
3 Footnotes
4 References
5 External links

Life and career[edit]
Childhood and youth[edit]



 First row, from left: Janet Jackson, Randy Jackson, La Toya Jackson, Rebbie Jackson (1977)
Maureen Reillette "Rebbie" Jackson was born in Gary, Indiana, to a working-class family on May 29, 1950. The daughter of Joseph Walter "Joe" and Katherine Esther (née Scruse), she is the eldest of their ten children. Her siblings are Jackie, Tito, Jermaine, La Toya, Brandon (d. 1957), Marlon, Michael (d. June 25, 2009), Randy, and Janet.[1] Joseph was a steel mill employee who often performed in a rhythm and blues (R&B) band called The Falcons with his brother, Luther.[2] His wife, Katherine, is a Jehovah's Witness and raised her children to follow the religion. Rebbie, La Toya, and Michael became the most devout of the children as time progressed.[3] Reflecting on her early life, Rebbie acknowledged in a 1980s magazine interview that her role within the family had been that of a "second mother" to her younger siblings, whom she would often babysit.[4]
Marriage[edit]
18-year-old Rebbie's announcement that she wanted to marry her childhood love, Nathaniel Brown, in May 1968 created a division in the Jackson family. Jackson expressed her feelings for the man and proclaimed that she wanted to move with him to Kentucky. Katherine encouraged her daughter to proceed with the union; she felt that being a wife and mother were important roles for all of her daughters to play. Joseph, however, was against the marriage; he wanted Rebbie to follow in the footsteps of her brothers (The Jackson 5) and become a singer. Her father felt that married life would stop her from becoming a success in the entertainment business.[5] Though Rebbie had taken clarinet, piano and dance lessons in her childhood, she had no interest in a music career.[5][6] This was despite the fact that according to brother Jermaine she had won several singing contests, duetting with brother Jackie. The teenager thought a happy home was more comforting and secure than the instability of show business.[5] She also wanted to leave her family's drama-filled home on Jackson Street. Arguments ensued for several weeks before her father relented and allowed Rebbie to wed Brown. Having the last word on the matter, Joseph refused to walk his daughter down the aisle.[7]
Brown and Jackson have three children, daughters Stacee (born May 5, 1971) and Yashi (born October 5, 1977), and son Austin (born November 22, 1985).[8] Rebbie's husband, Nathaniel Brown, died of cancer on January 6, 2013.[9]
Grandchildren[edit]
Rebbie has one grandson, London Blue Salas (born July 25, 2005), from her oldest daughter, Stacee.
Early career[edit]
Jackson began her singing career in 1974, performing with her siblings in Las Vegas. The Vegas shows had initially begun in April, without Rebbie; due to a sprained ankle, Rebbie's debut was postponed until June. Her five brothers were the main draws, with herself, Randy, Janet, and La Toya serving as fillers for the performances.[10]
When The Jackson 5 parted with their record label Motown in 1976, they signed to CBS Records and rebranded themselves as The Jacksons.[11] Additionally, the brothers were signed to CBS-TV to star with their family in a variety series called The Jacksons. The shows premiered in June 1976, and featured all of the siblings excluding Jermaine, who had chosen to stay with Motown. The initial series run of the 30-minute programs was four weeks. Due to ratings success, more episodes were ordered in January 1977. The shows marked the first time that an African-American family had ever starred in a television series. The run of programs concluded shortly afterward.[12]
Prior to the series, Jackson had thought of her singing as merely a private hobby. The Jacksons—as well as an early love of musicals—motivated her to become a professional recording artist, and the show's producer encouraged her to sing.[13][14] Jackson served as a backing vocalist for several musicians around this time, as well as a cabaret singer. She contributed her voice for songs by artists such as The Emotions, Sonny Bono and Betty Wright before Jackson's second pregnancy stalled her musical career for a short time.[6][15][16]
Centipede[edit]
Following years of preparation, Jackson's debut album Centipede was distributed in October 1984 by CBS Records, who had signed her as a solo artist two years previously.[13][14] The album was only released once the singer had ensured that family life was secure and that she had spent time with her children during their important younger years. Centipede became a moderate chart success, reaching number 13 on Billboard's Top R&B/Hip-Hop Albums chart and number 63 on its Top 200. The recording of the album had been a family affair; it involved several contributions from her relatives. Her husband Nathaniel Brown co-wrote the song "Come Alive Saturday Night" with two of his wife's brothers: Randy and Tito. The latter Jackson also penned "Hey Boy" with his wife Dee Dee.[13] The most successful song from the album was the million-selling title track, "Centipede".[16] Written, arranged and produced by Michael, the song also featured Jackson's famous brother on backing vocals.[13] It reached number 4 on the Black Singles Chart and was subsequently certified gold by the Recording Industry Association of America.[16][17][18] "Centipede" marked Michael's first effort at writing and producing since the release of his successful Thriller (1982).[6]
Other tracks from Rebbie's album included cover versions of songs by Prince ("I Feel for You") and Smokey Robinson and the Miracles ("A Fork in the Road").[16] The album received mixed reviews from journalists and music critics.[19][20][21] According to the magazine Jet, Centipede marked Jackson's emergence as a "legitimate recording artist" and "cleared the major hurdle of demonstrating that she [was] talented and marketable".[13] With the album, Jackson became the last of her siblings to embark on a recording career and the last in line to release hit material.[6][22][23]
Rebbie later revealed that there was a lot of discussion at the time of the release of Centipede over whether she should use the Jackson surname professionally or not. To begin with Rebbie did not want to use her pre-marriage surname, but later reasoned that it was silly to deny her heritage. Jackson explained that she did, however, compromise with the use of her family name on the Centipede album cover - "Rebbie is large and Jackson is small".[13] She further stated that the success of siblings Michael and Janet had not been a hindrance to her, but served as an enhancement to her career. Rebbie added that she did not have to worry about "name recognition".[14]
Reaction and R U Tuff Enuff[edit]
Reaction served as a follow-up album to Centipede, and was released in October 1986.[6] The album was recorded at Tito's Ponderosa Studios in Los Angeles, California.[24] Her brother Tito produced Reaction along with David Conley and David Townsend of the R&B group Surface. Duets were featured on the album, including one with Cheap Trick lead singer Robin Zander and another with Isaac Hayes.[6][16] The Zander-Jackson collaboration ("You Send the Rain Away") was released as a single, and peaked at number 50 on the R&B singles chart. Jackson's duet with Hayes, the ballad "Tonight I'm Yours", was not released as a single, though received substantial airplay. Reaction's title track ("Reaction") was the most popular hit from the album, reaching number 16 on the R&B singles chart.[6]
The R U Tuff Enuff album succeeded Reaction upon its release in July 1988.[6] Jackson was more involved with the production of the album than she had been on her previous releases. She stated at the time of R U Tuff Enuff's distribution that the sound on the album differed from anything she had done previously. Jackson commented that the album was "more versatile", while noting that it resembled other albums because it had a lot of dance music.[14] Two singles were released from the album and charted on the R&B singles chart: "Plaything", which made it into the top 10, and the title track "R U Tuff Enuff", which peaked at number 78.[6][16][25] By mid-June 1988, R U Tuff Enuff had reportedly sold 300,000 copies.[26] MTV later concluded that the album "struggled".[16] Jackson would lend her vocals to "2300 Jackson Street" (the title track of her brothers' 2300 Jackson Street album), before taking a hiatus from releasing music.[16][27][28] Jackson later stated that she performed around the world during this hiatus.[29]
Yours Faithfully[edit]



When fans find out there's another Jackson coming out, they want to hear what the person is about. That can be a double-edged sword.
Rebbie Jackson, 1998[29]
Following a 10-year break from music, Jackson signed with her brother Michael's record label, MJJ Music, in 1997. From the label, Yours Faithfully was released on March 31, 1998. The album featured a remixed version of Jackson's successful "Centipede".[16][29] Initially, the singer had not wanted to feature the track, believing that it was part of the past. After thinking about it for a while, Jackson felt that the inclusion of the remix—which features a rap by son Austin—would be a good way to return to the music scene. In addition, two of her other children, Stacee and Yashi, contributed backing vocals for the album. Other tracks from the album included "Fly Away", which was written and produced by brother Michael, who also served as co-executive producer for Yours Faithfully.[29] Fellow producers included Keith Thomas and Eliot Kennedy.[30] The album also featured a duet with Men of Vizion's Spanky Williams on The Spinners' "I Don't Want to Lose You", which Jet described as being a "sizzling" rendition.[29] Yours Faithfully's title track was released as a single and peaked at number 76 on the R&B chart.[25] Vibe magazine's Quohnos Mitchell expressed disappointment in the album, labelling its content a "mix of dated R&B grooves dressed up with a few cleverly placed samples".[31]
Death of Michael Jackson[edit]
Jackson's brother Michael died in June 2009, because of propofol intoxication. His memorial service was held several days later on July 7, and the finale featured group renditions of the Jackson anthems "We Are the World" and "Heal the World".[32][33] The singalong featured Michael's siblings (including Rebbie) and the late singer's children.[33][34][35] Following the service—which was held at Los Angeles' Staples Center—Rebbie, along with sisters Janet and La Toya, addressed fans at the nearby L.A. Live entertainment complex. "We are extremely grateful for all the support. We love you all."[36] In the weeks following Michael's death, it was speculated by media sources that Rebbie would be the primary caregiver for her late brother's three children; Prince Michael, Prince Michael II and Paris. It was stated that even if Michael and Rebbie's mother Katherine were granted custody of her grandchildren, Rebbie would care for the three siblings on a day-to-day basis at the Jackson family's Encino home.[16] Katherine was named the legal guardian of the trio in August 2009.[37][38] In early 2011, Rebbie announced she's begun recording for a new album, her first in 14 years. She's also been performing throughout the states with a set list that contains her best known songs, some of her brothers' songs, and some Motown classics.
Discography[edit]
Albums[edit]

Year
Album
Peak chart positions
Worldwide sales

U.S. Top 200[39]
U.S. R&B[40]
1984 Centipede Released: October 10, 1984
Labels: CBS Records
 63 13 
1986 Reaction Released: March 9, 1986
Labels: CBS Records
 54 6 
1988 R U Tuff Enuff Released: July 12, 1988
Labels: CBS Records
 — 58 300,000 units[26]
1998 Yours Faithfully Released: March 31, 1998
Labels: MJJ Productions
 28 67 
Singles[edit]

Year
Single
Peak chart positions
Album
Certifications
(sales thresholds)

U.S. R&B[25]
U.S. Hot 100[41]
RIANZ[42]
1984 "Centipede" 4 24 4 Centipede US: Gold[18]

1985 "A Fork in the Road" 40 — — —
1986 "Reaction" 16 — — Reaction —
1987 "You Send the Rain Away" — — — —
"2300 Jackson Street" (The Jacksons featuring Michael Jackson, Janet Jackson, Rebbie Jackson and Marlon Jackson) 9 — — 2300 Jackson Street —
1988 "Plaything" 8 — — R U Tuff Enuff —
"R U Tuff Enuff" 78 — — —
1998 "Yours Faithfully" 76 — — Yours Faithfully —
Footnotes[edit]
1.Jump up ^ Taraborrelli (2004), pp. 11–14.
2.Jump up ^ Taraborrelli (2004), p. 15.
3.Jump up ^ Taraborrelli (2004), pp. 17–18.
4.Jump up ^ "Rebbie Jackson goes back to Gary home, talks about famous brother, sisters". Jet (Johnson Publishing Company) 72 (25). September 14, 1987. ISSN 0021-5996. Retrieved December 20, 2009.
5.^ Jump up to: a b c Taraborrelli (2004), p. 35.
6.^ Jump up to: a b c d e f g h i Hogan, Ed. "Rebbie Jackson biography". Billboard. Retrieved October 11, 2009.
7.Jump up ^ Taraborrelli (2004), p. 36.
8.Jump up ^ Campbell (1993), p. 20.
9.Jump up ^ Caitlin White (January 10, 2013). "Rebbie Jackson, Husband Death: Nathaniel Brown Loses Cancer Battle". The Boombox. Retrieved 27 June 2013.
10.Jump up ^ Taraborrelli (2004), pp. 115–117.
11.Jump up ^ Taraborrelli (2004), pp. 137–142.
12.Jump up ^ Taraborrelli (2004), pp. 143–146.
13.^ Jump up to: a b c d e f Collier, Aldore (May 27, 1985). "Rebbie, oldest sister, latest bloomer, in the Jackson family". Jet (Johnson Publishing Company) 68 (11). Retrieved October 11, 2009.
14.^ Jump up to: a b c d Wynn, Ron (June 21, 1988). "Rebbie is a solo Jackson". Star-Banner. Retrieved January 13, 2010.
15.Jump up ^ Dineen (1993), p. 59.
16.^ Jump up to: a b c d e f g h i j Ditzian, Eric (July 23, 2009). "Michael Jackson's Sister Rebbie May Take Care Of Kids". MTV. Retrieved October 11, 2009.
17.Jump up ^ Ditzian, Eric (June 26, 2009). "Michael Jackson's Family Tree: Janet, Rebbie, Marlon And More". MTV. Retrieved October 11, 2009.
18.^ Jump up to: a b "RIAA database". Recording Industry Association of America. Retrieved October 11, 2009. (To search the database for Jackson's releases, type "Rebbie Jackson" into the Artist field and the title of the release into the Title field.)
19.Jump up ^ Harry, Rich (October 13, 1984). "An Oddly Compatible Couple: Johnny Mathis, Husker Du Pop Music/singles". The Morning Call. Retrieved January 14, 2010.
20.Jump up ^ Takiff, Jonathan (October 18, 1984). "The hot discs for gift-givers". Philadelphia Daily News. Retrieved January 14, 2010.
21.Jump up ^ Tucker, Ken (September 16, 1984). "Rap and dance music: diverse performers are giving it a whirl". The Philadelphia Inquirer. Retrieved January 14, 2010.
22.Jump up ^ "Sister Rebbie". The Daily Courier. November 11, 1984. Retrieved October 11, 2009.
23.Jump up ^ "The eldest of the Jacksons". St. Petersburg Times. November 15, 1984. Retrieved October 11, 2009.[dead link]
24.Jump up ^ McTavish, Brian (July 16, 1987). "Rebbie Jackson is ready for her to turn on the charts" (PAYMENT REQUIRED TO ACCESS FULL ARTICLE). Chicago Tribune. Retrieved October 11, 2009.
25.^ Jump up to: a b c "Rebbie Jackson chart history: R&B/hip-hop songs". Billboard. Retrieved October 11, 2009.
26.^ Jump up to: a b "Michael Jackson's sister to perform in Middlesboro" (PAYMENT REQUIRED TO ACCESS FULL ARTICLE). Lexington Herald-Leader. June 17, 1988. Retrieved October 11, 2009.
27.Jump up ^ "Jacksons say no hard feelings". Wilmington Morning Star. April 3, 1989. Retrieved October 11, 2009.[dead link]
28.Jump up ^ "Jacksons aren't fighting". St. Petersburg Times. April 3, 1989. Retrieved October 11, 2009.[dead link]
29.^ Jump up to: a b c d e "Rebbie Jackson releases hot new album, 'Yours Faithfully'". Jet (Johnson Publishing Company) 93 (23). May 4, 1988. ISSN 0021-5996. Retrieved October 11, 2009.
30.Jump up ^ Yours Faithfully (Media notes). Rebbie Jackson. MJJ Music. 1988.
31.Jump up ^ Mitchell, Quohnos (March 1998). "Yours Faithfully". Vibe (Vibe Media Group) 6 (2). ISSN 1070-4701. Retrieved December 20, 2009.
32.Jump up ^ Harris, Chris (July 7, 2009). "Who Is Michael Jackson Memorial Performer Shaheen Jafargholi?". Rolling Stone. Retrieved July 22, 2009.
33.^ Jump up to: a b Anderson, Kyle (July 8, 2009). "Who Sang 'We Are The World' At Michael Jackson Memorial?". MTV. Retrieved July 22, 2009.
34.Jump up ^ Powers, Anne (July 7, 2009). "Michael Jackson memorial: 'We Are the World,' 'Who's Lovin' You' and the final performances". Los Angeles Times. Retrieved July 22, 2009.
35.Jump up ^ "Millions watch Michael Jackson's LA memorial". The Jerusalem Post. July 7, 2009. Retrieved October 23, 2009.
36.Jump up ^ Vena, Jocelyn (July 8, 2009). "Janet Jackson, Sisters Thank Fans After Michael Jackson Memorial". MTV. Retrieved October 23, 2009.
37.Jump up ^ "Jackson's mother granted custody". BBC News. August 4, 2009. Retrieved November 9, 2009.
38.Jump up ^ Deutsch, Linda (August 17, 2009). "Jackson had long history with estate executor". The Guardian. Retrieved January 11, 2010.
39.Jump up ^ "Rebbie Jackson chart history: Top 200 albums". Billboard. Retrieved October 11, 2009.
40.Jump up ^ "Rebbie Jackson chart history: R&B/hip-hop albums". Billboard. Retrieved October 11, 2009.
41.Jump up ^ "Rebbie Jackson chart history: Hot 100". Billboard. Retrieved October 11, 2009.
42.Jump up ^ "Ultratop Singles Chart Archives". Ultratop. ultratop.be. Retrieved September 29, 2009.
References[edit]
Campbell, Lisa (1993). Michael Jackson: The King of Pop. Boston, Massachusetts: Branden. ISBN 0-8283-1957-X.
Dineen, Catherine (1993). Michael Jackson: In His Own Words. London, England: Omnibus Press. ISBN 0-7119-3216-6.
Taraborrelli, J. Randy (2004). The Magic and the Madness. Terra Alta, West Virginia: Headline. ISBN 0-330-42005-4.
External links[edit]

Portal icon The Jackson Family portal
Rebbie Jackson at Allmusic
Rebbie Jackson at the Internet Movie Database


[show]
v ·
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 e
 
Rebbie Jackson

































[show]
v ·
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Portal




Authority control
WorldCat ·
 VIAF: 69115811 ·
 LCCN: n91108611 ·
 ISNI: 0000 0000 5514 9794 ·
 GND: 134415442 ·
 BNF: cb138955232 (data) ·
 MusicBrainz: 78bb7e34-0e7f-4103-b180-5274d11e50da
 




 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  


Categories: 1950 births
American pop singers
American soul singers
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21st-century American singers
Musicians from Gary, Indiana
Jackson musical family
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American Jehovah's Witnesses
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Katherine Jackson

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For other people named Katherine Jackson, see Katherine Jackson (disambiguation).


 This biographical article needs additional citations for verification. Please help by adding reliable sources. Contentious material about living persons that is unsourced or poorly sourced must be removed immediately, especially if potentially libelous or harmful. (January 2010)

Katherine Jackson

Born
Kattie B. Screws
 May 4, 1930 (age 85)
Barbour County, Alabama, U.S.
Religion
Jehovah's Witness
Spouse(s)
Joe Jackson
 (m. 1949)
Children
10, See below
Parent(s)
Martha Bridges (1907–1990)
 Prince Albert Scruse (1907–1997)

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Katherine Esther Jackson (née Scruse; born Kattie B. Screws on May 4, 1930) is the matriarch of the Jackson musical family.


Contents  [hide]
1 Early life
2 The Jackson family
3 My Family
4 Recent years
5 Death of Michael Jackson
6 Children
7 References

Early life[edit]
Jackson was born Kattie B. Screws in Barbour County, Alabama, to Martha (née Upshaw; December 14, 1907 – April 25, 1990) and Prince Albert Screws (October 16, 1907 – January 21, 1997). When Jackson was four, her father changed his surname to "Scruse", and renamed his daughter to Katherine Esther. The younger of two daughters, Jackson contracted polio at two but survived the disease. Effects of the disease left her with a noticeable permanent limp. At four, Jackson's family moved to East Chicago, Indiana, a suburb outside Chicago and next to Gary, Indiana in northwest Indiana. As a child, Jackson aspired to become a country singer but was dismayed to find that there were no notable black country stars. Jackson's parents divorced when she was still a youngster. In high school, Jackson joined the local high school band. In 1947, Jackson met Joseph Jackson also living in East Chicago. After a year-long courtship that started after Joseph annulled an early marriage, they married in November 1949. In January 1950, they purchased a two-bedroom house in Gary. During the couple's early years, they sang together, with Joe playing guitar. After Joe's dream of a boxing career was dashed, he continued working at East Chicago's Inland Steel Company while Jackson gave birth to her ten children. The sixth of which were twins, Marlon and twin brother, Brandon, although he died as stillborn.
The Jackson family[edit]
Main articles: Jackson family and Jackson 5
For a period, to help make ends meet, Jackson worked as a store clerk in a local Sears store. In 1963, Jackson, who was raised a Baptist, discovered the Jehovah's Witness faith. After her conversion in 1965, all of her children followed her into the faith. While Joe, who was brought up in the Lutheran faith, also practiced the religion, it was often said he decided not to convert. As Jackson's brood grew, she quit her position at Sears and settled primarily as a housewife while keeping her children safe from the streets. By the early 1960s, several of Jackson's sons began to show off their musical talents. In 1963, Joe formed The Jackson Brothers with three of their eldest sons, being Jackie, Tito and Jermaine. Around the same time, Jackson's younger son Michael was also showing off his talent, which was discovered first by Jackson, who noticed Michael, at the age of four, singing along to the radio while dancing to the rhythm. But when she tried to tell Joe of Michael's talent, he brushed her aside, though she insisted.
A year later, Joe enlisted Michael and older brother Marlon Jackson into the group not as vocalists, but as backing instrumentalists, playing percussion. It wouldn't be until 1966 that Joe began to see seven-year-old Michael's overall talents three years after Jackson's discovery. Beforehand, Michael had performed onstage without his father's knowledge at several school recitals starting at five. By the end of 1966, Michael was positioned as the second frontman of the group after Jermaine. Acting on advice from a schoolteacher, Joe changed the group's name to The Jackson Five. In 1967, after winning several talent shows in Gary, Joe Jackson decided to make the group a professional act when Gordon Keith the owner and producer at Gary's Steeltown Records discovered them, signing them to their first contract in November 1967. Their first single, "Big Boy", produced by Keith, was released on January 30, 1968 and became a local hit. Jackson began designing the group's costumes, which she continued until the group found national fame months after signing with Motown Records in March 1969. During the Jackson 5's 1970-71 heyday, Jackson - along with her three daughters and youngest son - was barely mentioned in the press. This changed in 1974 when Joe began building careers around his three younger children and eldest daughter. Michael often mentioned Jackson lovingly. Jackson started to become part of her husband's management team when the grown-up members of the group (which renamed themselves The Jacksons after splitting from Motown in 1975) reunited for the Victory Tour in 1984. On his 1982 album, Thriller, Michael dedicated the album to her. Janet Jackson would do the same following the release of her 1989 album, Rhythm Nation 1814, the first album where she wasn't under the watchful eye of her father following the success of Control, as Janet had fired him months after its release. Michael often said that his mother was appreciative of his solo music and approved of songs such as "Billie Jean" but said she was cautious of Michael's mature material, including "Don't Stop 'til You Get Enough". In 1985, acknowledging what was then a positive impact on her children's successful music careers, national urban magazine Essence honored her as "Mother of the Year".
My Family[edit]
In 1990, Jackson released her autobiography, My Family,[1] which documented her early years and her relationship with her husband and their children, eight of whom wrote salutes to their mother in the book's foreword.[1] She detailed that her husband on more than a few occasions had committed adultery, one of which resulted in the birth of a daughter named Joh'Vonnie Jackson with another woman named Cheryl Terrell on August 30, 1974.[1]
In an unauthorized biography of Janet Jackson, a confrontational family incident was described. This biography claims that, in 1979, Jackson and her two youngest children, Randy and Janet, confronted a woman who worked for Joseph's company, whom Jackson had often reportedly accused of cheating with Joseph. That incident was re-dramatized for the 1992 miniseries The Jacksons: An American Dream. However in the miniseries, Jackson was shown confronting Joseph instead of the woman about the alleged incident.
In the late 1980s, Jackson began experiencing an estrangement with her daughter La Toya after she was being managed by Jack Gordon. In her 1991 memoirs, La Toya: Growing Up in the Jackson Family, La Toya alleged that Jackson was emotionally abusive, charges Jackson denied to the press and blamed Gordon, who married La Toya in 1989, for "brainwashing" her. In 1997, La Toya and Jackson reconciled after she filed for divorce from Gordon.
Jackson was portrayed by Angela Bassett in the 1992 miniseries The Jacksons: An American Dream. Patricia Idlette portrayed her in the 2004 film Man in the Mirror: The Michael Jackson Story.
Recent years[edit]
Jackson has spent the last couple of decades talking to the press defending her children, mainly Michael, who began to gain notoriety for his eccentricities. In a recent interview promoting her Michael Jackson Story Book/DVD on The Oprah Winfrey Show, however, Jackson acknowledged that Michael was addicted to plastic surgery and also got her husband to admit to physically disciplining their children.[2] Over the years, it had been acknowledged by some that Joe was abusive towards his children, which he has continually denied despite admissions by both La Toya and Michael.[citation needed]
Jackson splits her time between Las Vegas and her Hayvenhurst home in Encino.
Despite rumours that she is estranged from Joe, she denied those rumours in an interview and dismissed rumours that Joe was banned from The Jackson family home as something the media tried to cook up and false.[1]. According to her son Jermaine Jackson's 2011 book (You Are Not Alone: Michael through a Brother's Eyes), Jackson had told Michael that she was nearing the age of 80 and before she died, she wanted to see her sons perform together one last time. One of Michael Jackson's future plans as part of his deal with AEG Live was a final reunion tour with his brothers.
Death of Michael Jackson[edit]
On June 25, 2009, Michael died from Propofol intoxication at the hands of his physician Dr. Conrad Murray. Jackson, along with the rest of the family, attended his memorial which was held on July 7, 2009. On June 29, 2009, Jackson was granted temporary guardianship of Michael's three children.[3] Court documents indicated that she was also seeking control over the three children's interests in their late father's estate.[3] Although Debbie Rowe, the biological mother of the two eldest children and Michael's second wife, had not seen or interacted with the children for years, as of July 4, 2009, she petitioned the courts for custody of her children. As of July 30, 2009, Jackson and Debbie Rowe reached a settlement pertaining to the care of Michael's three children, Prince Michael I ("Prince"), Paris Katherine and Prince Michael II, ("Blanket"), will be raised by Katherine; Rowe will have visitation rights and continue to receive the yearly payments to which Michael had agreed.
On August 3, 2009, the judge named Jackson as the children's permanent guardian. On July 25, 2012, Jackson's guardianship of the children was suspended by the court amid allegations that she may have been held against her will by several Jackson family members as a result of a financial dispute between those family members and the Michael Jackson Estate.[4] Guardianship of the children was temporarily given to Michael Jackson’s nephew TJ Jackson, one of Tito's sons.[5] The guardianship resumed with TJ Jackson added as a co-guardian.[6] [7]
Children[edit]

Portal icon The Jackson Family portal
Ten children were born to Katherine and Joe Jackson.[1]
Maureen Reillette "Rebbie" Jackson (born May 29, 1950)
Sigmund Esco "Jackie" Jackson (born May 4, 1951)
Tariano Adaryll "Tito" Jackson (born October 15, 1953)
Jermaine La Jaune Jackson (born December 11, 1954)
La Toya Yvonne Jackson (born May 29, 1956)
Marlon David Jackson (born March 12, 1957)
Brandon Jackson (stillborn March 12, 1957)
Michael Joseph Jackson (August 29, 1958 – June 25, 2009)
Steven Randall "Randy" Jackson (born October 29, 1961)
Janet Damita Jo Jackson (born May 16, 1966)
References[edit]
1.^ Jump up to: a b c d Jackson, Katherine; Rich Wiseman (1990). My Family, the Jacksons. St. Martin's Paperbacks. ISBN 0-312-92350-3.
2.Jump up ^ Gina Serpe (8 November 2010). "Michael Jackson's Kids, Parents Join Oprah: Talk Plastic Surgery, Beatings and…French Toast?". eonline.com.
3.^ Jump up to: a b Daily Mail Reporter (2009-06-29). "Michael Jackson's mother wins temporary custody of his three children". The Daily Mail. Retrieved 2009-06-29.
4.Jump up ^ "Katherine Jackson loses custody of MJ’s kids". 26 July 2012.
5.Jump up ^ "Judge suspends Katherine Jackson as guardian of Michael Jackson's children". CNN News. 2012-07-25. Retrieved 2012-07-25.
6.Jump up ^ Duke, Alan (2 August 2012). "Katherine Jackson resumes guardianship of Michael Jackson's children". CNN. Retrieved 3 October 2013.
7.Jump up ^ http://www.autopsyfiles.org/reports/Celebs/jackson,%20michael_report.pdf


[hide]
v ·
 t ·
 e
 
Jackson family


Parents
Joe Jackson: 1928 ·
 Katherine Jackson: 1930
 

Children
Maureen Reillette (Rebbie): 1950 ·
 Sigmund Esco (Jackie): 1951 ·
 Toriano Adaryll (Tito): 1953 ·
 Jermaine La Jaune: 1954 ·
 La Toya Yvonne: 1956 ·
 Marlon David: 1957 ·
 Michael Joseph: 1958–2009 ·
 Steven Randall (Randy): 1961 ·
 Janet Damita Jo: 1966
 

Grandchildren
Austin Brown: 1985
 

Musical groups
The Jackson 5/The Jacksons ·
 3T
 

Television
The Jacksons ·
 The Jacksons: An American Dream ·
 The Jacksons: A Family Dynasty
 

Portal The Jackson Family portal




Authority control
VIAF: 113608995
 




 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  


Categories: 1930 births
American autobiographers
American Jehovah's Witnesses
Jackson musical family
Living people
People from Barbour County, Alabama
People from East Chicago, Indiana
People from Gary, Indiana
African-American people
African-American Christians
Michael Jackson
People with poliomyelitis
People from Los Angeles, California











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Katherine Jackson

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For other people named Katherine Jackson, see Katherine Jackson (disambiguation).


 This biographical article needs additional citations for verification. Please help by adding reliable sources. Contentious material about living persons that is unsourced or poorly sourced must be removed immediately, especially if potentially libelous or harmful. (January 2010)

Katherine Jackson

Born
Kattie B. Screws
 May 4, 1930 (age 85)
Barbour County, Alabama, U.S.
Religion
Jehovah's Witness
Spouse(s)
Joe Jackson
 (m. 1949)
Children
10, See below
Parent(s)
Martha Bridges (1907–1990)
 Prince Albert Scruse (1907–1997)

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Katherine Esther Jackson (née Scruse; born Kattie B. Screws on May 4, 1930) is the matriarch of the Jackson musical family.


Contents  [hide]
1 Early life
2 The Jackson family
3 My Family
4 Recent years
5 Death of Michael Jackson
6 Children
7 References

Early life[edit]
Jackson was born Kattie B. Screws in Barbour County, Alabama, to Martha (née Upshaw; December 14, 1907 – April 25, 1990) and Prince Albert Screws (October 16, 1907 – January 21, 1997). When Jackson was four, her father changed his surname to "Scruse", and renamed his daughter to Katherine Esther. The younger of two daughters, Jackson contracted polio at two but survived the disease. Effects of the disease left her with a noticeable permanent limp. At four, Jackson's family moved to East Chicago, Indiana, a suburb outside Chicago and next to Gary, Indiana in northwest Indiana. As a child, Jackson aspired to become a country singer but was dismayed to find that there were no notable black country stars. Jackson's parents divorced when she was still a youngster. In high school, Jackson joined the local high school band. In 1947, Jackson met Joseph Jackson also living in East Chicago. After a year-long courtship that started after Joseph annulled an early marriage, they married in November 1949. In January 1950, they purchased a two-bedroom house in Gary. During the couple's early years, they sang together, with Joe playing guitar. After Joe's dream of a boxing career was dashed, he continued working at East Chicago's Inland Steel Company while Jackson gave birth to her ten children. The sixth of which were twins, Marlon and twin brother, Brandon, although he died as stillborn.
The Jackson family[edit]
Main articles: Jackson family and Jackson 5
For a period, to help make ends meet, Jackson worked as a store clerk in a local Sears store. In 1963, Jackson, who was raised a Baptist, discovered the Jehovah's Witness faith. After her conversion in 1965, all of her children followed her into the faith. While Joe, who was brought up in the Lutheran faith, also practiced the religion, it was often said he decided not to convert. As Jackson's brood grew, she quit her position at Sears and settled primarily as a housewife while keeping her children safe from the streets. By the early 1960s, several of Jackson's sons began to show off their musical talents. In 1963, Joe formed The Jackson Brothers with three of their eldest sons, being Jackie, Tito and Jermaine. Around the same time, Jackson's younger son Michael was also showing off his talent, which was discovered first by Jackson, who noticed Michael, at the age of four, singing along to the radio while dancing to the rhythm. But when she tried to tell Joe of Michael's talent, he brushed her aside, though she insisted.
A year later, Joe enlisted Michael and older brother Marlon Jackson into the group not as vocalists, but as backing instrumentalists, playing percussion. It wouldn't be until 1966 that Joe began to see seven-year-old Michael's overall talents three years after Jackson's discovery. Beforehand, Michael had performed onstage without his father's knowledge at several school recitals starting at five. By the end of 1966, Michael was positioned as the second frontman of the group after Jermaine. Acting on advice from a schoolteacher, Joe changed the group's name to The Jackson Five. In 1967, after winning several talent shows in Gary, Joe Jackson decided to make the group a professional act when Gordon Keith the owner and producer at Gary's Steeltown Records discovered them, signing them to their first contract in November 1967. Their first single, "Big Boy", produced by Keith, was released on January 30, 1968 and became a local hit. Jackson began designing the group's costumes, which she continued until the group found national fame months after signing with Motown Records in March 1969. During the Jackson 5's 1970-71 heyday, Jackson - along with her three daughters and youngest son - was barely mentioned in the press. This changed in 1974 when Joe began building careers around his three younger children and eldest daughter. Michael often mentioned Jackson lovingly. Jackson started to become part of her husband's management team when the grown-up members of the group (which renamed themselves The Jacksons after splitting from Motown in 1975) reunited for the Victory Tour in 1984. On his 1982 album, Thriller, Michael dedicated the album to her. Janet Jackson would do the same following the release of her 1989 album, Rhythm Nation 1814, the first album where she wasn't under the watchful eye of her father following the success of Control, as Janet had fired him months after its release. Michael often said that his mother was appreciative of his solo music and approved of songs such as "Billie Jean" but said she was cautious of Michael's mature material, including "Don't Stop 'til You Get Enough". In 1985, acknowledging what was then a positive impact on her children's successful music careers, national urban magazine Essence honored her as "Mother of the Year".
My Family[edit]
In 1990, Jackson released her autobiography, My Family,[1] which documented her early years and her relationship with her husband and their children, eight of whom wrote salutes to their mother in the book's foreword.[1] She detailed that her husband on more than a few occasions had committed adultery, one of which resulted in the birth of a daughter named Joh'Vonnie Jackson with another woman named Cheryl Terrell on August 30, 1974.[1]
In an unauthorized biography of Janet Jackson, a confrontational family incident was described. This biography claims that, in 1979, Jackson and her two youngest children, Randy and Janet, confronted a woman who worked for Joseph's company, whom Jackson had often reportedly accused of cheating with Joseph. That incident was re-dramatized for the 1992 miniseries The Jacksons: An American Dream. However in the miniseries, Jackson was shown confronting Joseph instead of the woman about the alleged incident.
In the late 1980s, Jackson began experiencing an estrangement with her daughter La Toya after she was being managed by Jack Gordon. In her 1991 memoirs, La Toya: Growing Up in the Jackson Family, La Toya alleged that Jackson was emotionally abusive, charges Jackson denied to the press and blamed Gordon, who married La Toya in 1989, for "brainwashing" her. In 1997, La Toya and Jackson reconciled after she filed for divorce from Gordon.
Jackson was portrayed by Angela Bassett in the 1992 miniseries The Jacksons: An American Dream. Patricia Idlette portrayed her in the 2004 film Man in the Mirror: The Michael Jackson Story.
Recent years[edit]
Jackson has spent the last couple of decades talking to the press defending her children, mainly Michael, who began to gain notoriety for his eccentricities. In a recent interview promoting her Michael Jackson Story Book/DVD on The Oprah Winfrey Show, however, Jackson acknowledged that Michael was addicted to plastic surgery and also got her husband to admit to physically disciplining their children.[2] Over the years, it had been acknowledged by some that Joe was abusive towards his children, which he has continually denied despite admissions by both La Toya and Michael.[citation needed]
Jackson splits her time between Las Vegas and her Hayvenhurst home in Encino.
Despite rumours that she is estranged from Joe, she denied those rumours in an interview and dismissed rumours that Joe was banned from The Jackson family home as something the media tried to cook up and false.[1]. According to her son Jermaine Jackson's 2011 book (You Are Not Alone: Michael through a Brother's Eyes), Jackson had told Michael that she was nearing the age of 80 and before she died, she wanted to see her sons perform together one last time. One of Michael Jackson's future plans as part of his deal with AEG Live was a final reunion tour with his brothers.
Death of Michael Jackson[edit]
On June 25, 2009, Michael died from Propofol intoxication at the hands of his physician Dr. Conrad Murray. Jackson, along with the rest of the family, attended his memorial which was held on July 7, 2009. On June 29, 2009, Jackson was granted temporary guardianship of Michael's three children.[3] Court documents indicated that she was also seeking control over the three children's interests in their late father's estate.[3] Although Debbie Rowe, the biological mother of the two eldest children and Michael's second wife, had not seen or interacted with the children for years, as of July 4, 2009, she petitioned the courts for custody of her children. As of July 30, 2009, Jackson and Debbie Rowe reached a settlement pertaining to the care of Michael's three children, Prince Michael I ("Prince"), Paris Katherine and Prince Michael II, ("Blanket"), will be raised by Katherine; Rowe will have visitation rights and continue to receive the yearly payments to which Michael had agreed.
On August 3, 2009, the judge named Jackson as the children's permanent guardian. On July 25, 2012, Jackson's guardianship of the children was suspended by the court amid allegations that she may have been held against her will by several Jackson family members as a result of a financial dispute between those family members and the Michael Jackson Estate.[4] Guardianship of the children was temporarily given to Michael Jackson’s nephew TJ Jackson, one of Tito's sons.[5] The guardianship resumed with TJ Jackson added as a co-guardian.[6] [7]
Children[edit]

Portal icon The Jackson Family portal
Ten children were born to Katherine and Joe Jackson.[1]
Maureen Reillette "Rebbie" Jackson (born May 29, 1950)
Sigmund Esco "Jackie" Jackson (born May 4, 1951)
Tariano Adaryll "Tito" Jackson (born October 15, 1953)
Jermaine La Jaune Jackson (born December 11, 1954)
La Toya Yvonne Jackson (born May 29, 1956)
Marlon David Jackson (born March 12, 1957)
Brandon Jackson (stillborn March 12, 1957)
Michael Joseph Jackson (August 29, 1958 – June 25, 2009)
Steven Randall "Randy" Jackson (born October 29, 1961)
Janet Damita Jo Jackson (born May 16, 1966)
References[edit]
1.^ Jump up to: a b c d Jackson, Katherine; Rich Wiseman (1990). My Family, the Jacksons. St. Martin's Paperbacks. ISBN 0-312-92350-3.
2.Jump up ^ Gina Serpe (8 November 2010). "Michael Jackson's Kids, Parents Join Oprah: Talk Plastic Surgery, Beatings and…French Toast?". eonline.com.
3.^ Jump up to: a b Daily Mail Reporter (2009-06-29). "Michael Jackson's mother wins temporary custody of his three children". The Daily Mail. Retrieved 2009-06-29.
4.Jump up ^ "Katherine Jackson loses custody of MJ’s kids". 26 July 2012.
5.Jump up ^ "Judge suspends Katherine Jackson as guardian of Michael Jackson's children". CNN News. 2012-07-25. Retrieved 2012-07-25.
6.Jump up ^ Duke, Alan (2 August 2012). "Katherine Jackson resumes guardianship of Michael Jackson's children". CNN. Retrieved 3 October 2013.
7.Jump up ^ http://www.autopsyfiles.org/reports/Celebs/jackson,%20michael_report.pdf


[hide]
v ·
 t ·
 e
 
Jackson family


Parents
Joe Jackson: 1928 ·
 Katherine Jackson: 1930
 

Children
Maureen Reillette (Rebbie): 1950 ·
 Sigmund Esco (Jackie): 1951 ·
 Toriano Adaryll (Tito): 1953 ·
 Jermaine La Jaune: 1954 ·
 La Toya Yvonne: 1956 ·
 Marlon David: 1957 ·
 Michael Joseph: 1958–2009 ·
 Steven Randall (Randy): 1961 ·
 Janet Damita Jo: 1966
 

Grandchildren
Austin Brown: 1985
 

Musical groups
The Jackson 5/The Jacksons ·
 3T
 

Television
The Jacksons ·
 The Jacksons: An American Dream ·
 The Jacksons: A Family Dynasty
 

Portal The Jackson Family portal




Authority control
VIAF: 113608995
 




 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  


Categories: 1930 births
American autobiographers
American Jehovah's Witnesses
Jackson musical family
Living people
People from Barbour County, Alabama
People from East Chicago, Indiana
People from Gary, Indiana
African-American people
African-American Christians
Michael Jackson
People with poliomyelitis
People from Los Angeles, California











Navigation menu



Create account
Log in



Article

Talk









Read

Edit

View history

















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Contents
Featured content
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Tools
What links here
Related changes
Upload file
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Permanent link
Page information
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Cite this page

Print/export
Create a book
Download as PDF
Printable version

Languages
Azərbaycanca
Deutsch
Español
فارسی
Français
Galego
한국어
日本語
Português
Русский
Simple English
Suomi
Svenska
Türkçe
中文
Edit links
This page was last modified on 22 May 2015, at 16:16.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License; additional terms may apply. By using this site, you agree to the Terms of Use and Privacy Policy. Wikipedia® is a registered trademark of the Wikimedia Foundation, Inc., a non-profit organization.
Privacy policy
About Wikipedia
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Contact Wikipedia
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Mobile view
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Powered by MediaWiki
  

 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Katherine_Jackson