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La Toya Jackson

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For other uses, see La Toya (disambiguation).

La Toya Jackson
La Toya Jackson cropped.jpg
Jackson in 2011

Background information

Birth name
La Toya Yvonne Jackson
Also known as
Toy
Born
May 29, 1956 (age 58)
Gary, Indiana, United States
Genres
Pop, R&B, dance
Occupation(s)
Singer, songwriter, actress, activist, model, author, celebrity, businesswoman, television personality
Years active
1972–present
Labels
Polydor Records
(1980–82)
Epic(1983–87)
Teldec / RCA(1987–88)
Teldec (1989)
BCM (1990)
Pump / Dino (1991–92)
Mar-Gor (1993)
CMC (1994 – 95)
Ja-Tail / Bungalo(2002–present)
Associated acts
The Jackson 5, Michael Jackson, Janet Jackson, Rebbie Jackson, USA for Africa
Website
Official Site
La Toya Yvonne Jackson(born May 29, 1956) is an American singer, songwriter, author, television personality, actress, businesswoman, philanthropist, activistand former model. She is the fifth child of the Jackson family. She maintained a career as a singer throughout the 1980s and 1990s, and returned to music in 2004 with her Billboardcharting songs "Just Wanna Dance" and "Free the World". An EP called Starting Overwas released on June 21, 2011.


Contents [hide]
1Life and career1.11956–1979: Early life and The Jacksons
1.21980–1983: Beginning of solo career
1.31984–1987: Heart Don't Lieand international success
1.41988–1989: Departure from the Jackson family and Playboy
1.51989–1996: Public notoriety, abuse, and exile from the Jackson family
1.61996–2002: Escape and seclusion
1.72003–2006: Re-emergence and return to music
1.82007–2009: Reality television
1.92010–present: Reality television and Starting Over
2Vocal style and influences
3Discography3.1Studio albums
3.2Extended plays
3.3Stage recordings
4Awards and other achievements
5See also
6References
7External links

Life and career[edit]
1956–1979: Early life and The Jacksons[edit]
Born on her sister Rebbie's 6th birthday on May 29, 1956, in Gary, Indiana, La Toya Jackson is the fifth of ten children born to Joseph Jacksonand Katherine Jacksonand the middle female child between Rebbie and Janet. Growing up, La Toya was a shy homebody. After her mother became a member of the Jehovah's Witnessesin 1965, La Toya, along with the rest of her siblings followed. She would spend some of her time (alongside her mother) preaching door-to-door. "Every morning, Michael and I witnessed, knocking on doors around Los Angeles, spreading the word of Jehovah."[1]By 1972, at sixteen, La Toya joined her brothers in the spotlight with a tap dancingroutine when her father arranged for them to perform shows in Las Vegas, among other cities.[2]Jackson aspired to be an attorney specializing in business law. She attended college for a short time before her father insisted that she pursue a career in show business like the rest of the family.
In 1976 and 1977, La Toya and her sisters Rebbie and Janet appeared in all twelve episodes of The Jacksons—a CBS-TV variety program, with their brothers Jackie, Tito, Marlon, Michael, and Randy. Along with their brothers (minus Jermaine), La Toya and her sisters sang, danced and performed skits. In 1978 during the filming of The Wiz, La Toya traveled with her brother Michael (who was cast as the Scarecrow), to New York. Sharing an apartment, it was the first time either of them had lived elsewhere as adults. Close siblings, Michael and La Toya, would not move out of the family's Encino, Los Angeles, Californiahome until they were 30 and 31 respectively. Gentleman callers during this period included Diana Ross' brother Chico, Prince, and a young David Gest.[3]Jackson also dated Bobby DeBargeand was the inspiration for Switch's1979 hit "I Call Your Name".[4]
Under Joe Jackson's tutelage Rebbie, La Toya and Janet formed a short-lived musical group. However, they never performed live and soon separated because of creative differences about the act's future direction. Consequently, no related material was ever released by the trio.[5]The next year, La Toyabegan work on her first solo album.
1980–1983: Beginning of solo career[edit]
In 1980, Jackson released her self-titled debut album. In order to distinguish herself from her famous brothers, The Jacksons, La Toya only wanted her first name on the album. "I begged just to have it 'La Toya'. But my fathersaid, 'It's your last name. You got to use it.' But I wanted to see what I could do as an individual."[6]The first single "If You Feel the Funk", became a modest hit, climbing into the Top 40 of the US R&Bchart. Her second single, "Night Time Lover", was produced by younger brother Michael, who provided backing vocals. In turn, she provided the opening scream on her brothers', The Jacksons, 1980 hit, "This Place Hotel" as well as backing vocals on brother Michael's 1984 solo hit "P.Y.T. (Pretty Young Thing)".
The La Toya Jacksonalbum peaked at #116 on the US Billboard200, #26 on the BillboardR&B album chart, and #178 on the UK Top 200, making it her highest placing album.
In 1982, Jackson released a follow-up album, My Special Love, which generated two singles, "Stay the Night" and "I Don't Want You to Go".
1984–1987: Heart Don't Lieand international success[edit]
1984 saw the release of Jackson's critically acclaimed album Heart Don't Lie.Jackson scored her biggest BillboardHot 100hit with the titular track "Heart Don't Lie", which peaked at number 56. Other singles from this album were "Bet'cha Gonna Need My Lovin'", "Hot Potato", and a cover of Prince's"Private Joy." Jackson and Amir Bayyan co-wrote "Reggae Nights" for Heart Don't Liebut the track did not make the cut. Jimmy Cliff's recording of the song was a hit and was nominated for a Grammy. Cliff commissioned Jackson to write two more songs: "Brown Eyes" and "American Sweet."
In 1984, Jackson capitalized on her rising popularity by licensing her name to a fashion line; "David Laurenz for La Toya."[7]According to her three-year contract with the suede and leather-maker Jackson agreed to only wear David Laurenz items during her public appearances. Apparel in the collection included Jackson's signature leather headbands.[8][9]Jackson starred in adverts for Nikoncameras and the following year she become the spokesmodelfor cosmetics firm Mahogany Image and launched her own eponymous fragrance, La Toya.[10]
In 1985, Jackson participated on the single "We Are the World", an appeal for famine relief in Ethiopia. That same year Jackson featured in anti-drug music video"Stop the Madness".




"Baby Sister"







A sample from "Baby Sister", a single by La Toya Jackson.

Problems playing this file? See media help.
Her 1985 single "Baby Sister" was a notable success, as it received one of five Outstanding Song Awards at the sixteenth annual World Popular Song Festivalin Japan. "Baby Sister" was included on the 1986 album Imagination, released just before Jackson's record label, Private-I, went bankrupt resulting in poor promotion.[11]Jackson went on to record two duets; "Oops, Oh No!" with Cerrone, and "Yes, I'm Ready" with artist Jed. In 1987 Jackson was featured as a special guest at Minako Honda's DISPA (Disco Party)concert, joining in for the song, "Funkytown".
1988–1989: Departure from the Jackson family and Playboy[edit]




Jackson on the cover of Playboy.
In 1987, Jack Gordonwas hired to co-manage La Toya by her father, Joseph. He later took over her management completely. Under Gordon's management, Jackson's public image became increasingly sexier. Katherine Jacksonrecalled her shock seeing La Toya dance in a suggestive manner in 1988 for the first time in her autobiography My Family, The Jacksons: "she'd been so conservative that she'd once dropped a friend who had begun wearing low-cut tops and skirts with slits in them." Katherine believed that Gordon was distancing La Toya from her family so he could "become the dominating influence in her life."[12]Around this time Jackson was disfellowshippedby the Jehovah's Witnesses. Defying her father, Jackson made a stormy exit from the family's Encinocompound to take up residence in New York City.[13]In late 1988, Jackson released the album La Toya, which featured the singles, "You're Gonna Get Rocked!" and "(Ain't Nobody Loves You) Like I Do". The album also included a track titled "Just Say No", which was written for the Reagan administration's anti-drug campaign.[14]The album included four tracks produced by Full Force, and three by Stock Aitken Waterman. The album is notable for being the first one Jackson released after changing her management.[15]
In March 1989, Jackson posed topless for Playboymagazine. Jackson saw the pictorial as a declaration of independence from her conservative upbringing and "to show my parents they couldn't dictate to me any more—that I control my life."[16]The cover and layout was one of the most successful issues in Playboy's history, turning Jackson into an overnight sex symbol.[17]At its time of release, it sold over 8 million copies, going on to become the fourteenth best selling issue of the magazine ever. She posed again in Playboyin November 1991 to promote her autobiography and subsequently acted in a 1994 video for the magazine, becoming one of the first celebrities to have a Playboyvideoreleased. She later said that she initially refused to pose for the second spread and for the video, however, Gordon beat her into submission.[18][19][20]
In 1989, Jackson began recording her sixth album Bad Girl. That year Jackson staged a live pay-per-viewconcert, A Sizzling Spectacular!, from Bally'stheatre in Reno. Jackson's set list included songs from La Toyaand Bad Girl. The show featured special guest star Edgar Winter.[21]
1989–1996: Public notoriety, abuse, and exile from the Jackson family[edit]
On September 5, 1989, after her Sizzling Spectacularconcert in Nevada, Gordon forcibly marriedJackson, claiming it was for her own protection against kidnapping by her family. La Toya Jackson states that this was both unplanned and against her wishes. According to Jackson; "I told him, 'No way, Jack! I can't marry you. You know what marriage means to me. I've never been in love; I don't even date.... It's not right. I don't love you. I don't have feelings for you.'"[16]Jackson tried to run out of the chapel three times but bodyguard Antonio Rossi grabbed her saying, "There's some things you have to do. Even if you don't want to."[22][23]Jackson told Ebonymagazine the marriage was "strictly in name only. It has never been consummated."[16]Six months into the marriage, Jackson asked Gordon for an annulmentwhen in Rome, Italy. In response, Gordon repeatedly bashed her head against the corner of the hotel room table saying that he would never let her go. Paparazzisubsequently photographed Jackson with black eyes, which Gordon claimed were caused by an intruder.[20][22][24][25]From this point forward, Jackson lost all contact with her family and wrote an autobiography, La Toya: Growing Up in the Jackson Family, which accused her father of physical abuse.[26]For roughly the next decade Gordon controlled Jackson with threats, lies, and routine violence. According to Jackson, "When he hit me, the first time I was in shock, I just recalled my ear ringing, just ringing so hard."[20]Gordon confiscated Jackson's passport, transferred her bank accounts into his name, hired bodyguards to watch La Toya constantly and banned her from speaking to or seeing her family, monitoring her every phone call.[20]La Toya's father Joseph stated in his book The Jacksonsthat he believed Gordon brainwashedLa Toya and made her fearful of her own family.[5]Katherinealso believed that La Toya had been brainwashed while Gordon claimed that Katherine had tried to kill her daughter.[27]Sister Janetconcurred with her parents saying at the time, "I think this guy who is with her has brainwashed her and made her like this... He keeps her away from the family, and now he's brainwashed her so much she keeps herself away from us."[18][28]
In 1990, Jackson participated in the Sanremo Music Festival, entering "You and Me" an English-language version of "Verso l'ignoto" by siblings Marcellaand Gianni Bella. While "You and Me" did not win Best Song, it entered Italy's hit parade, peaking at number twenty-eight. That year Jackson signed on with German-based BCM Records and released the single "Why Don't You Want My Love?" Jackson recorded other material with BCM, but the label went bankrupt and album plans were scrapped. Jackson signed with Dino Records quickly thereafter. 1991 saw the release of No Relations, an album with strong houseand funkinfluences. This album featured Jackson's top twenty-five Netherlands hit "Sexbox".
In 1992, Jackson signed a contract with the Moulin Rougein Paristo star in her own revue, Formidable. Jackson was to perform two shows a night, six nights a week. Jackson was highest paid performer in the cabaret's history earning a reported $5 million. Though Formidablewas successful, selling out on most nights, Jackson departed half-way into her year-long contract owing the nightclub $550,000 in damages.[16][29]
In October 1992, while taping an Exotic Club Tourin MinneapolisJackson approached sister Janet Jackson, also in town recording her fifth studio albumwith Jimmy Jam and Terry Lewis, to ask for help in escaping Gordon. Janet struck La Toya, accusing her elder sister of recording their conversation.[30][31]
In 1993 in their New York home, Gordon beat Jackson repeatedly with a heavy brass dining room chair, leaving Jackson with black eyes, swollen lip and chin "the size of a clenched fist," cuts requiring 12 mouth stitches and contusions on her face, arms, legs and back.[32][33]Jackson lost consciousness during the beating, leading Gordon to believe she was dead. She recalled, "He called his friends and said, 'She's dead. I killed her,' because I was lying in a puddle of blood and I was out."[34]Gordon was arrested but then released, claiming he beat Jackson in self-defense.[35]In December 1993 Gordon hastily arranged a press conference in Tel Aviv, where he had Jackson read a statement claiming to believe the sensational sex abuse allegationagainst her younger brother Michaelmight be true.[36][37]This was an abrupt reversal of her previous defense of Michael against the charges.[38]Gordon claimed La Toya had proof which she was prepared to disclose for a fee of $500,000. A bidding war between US and UK tabloids began, but fell through when they realized that her revelations were not what she had claimed them to be.[39]According to La Toya, Gordon threatened to have siblings Michael and Janet killed if she didn't follow his orders.[34][40]
Under Gordon's management, Jackson's career declined with his booking of disreputable jobs such as spokesperson for the Psychic Friends Network. Because of Gordon's steady stream of publicity stuntsand her media portrayal as the Jackson family "black sheep" La Toya had become a hate figureof sorts.[41]By the mid-1990s Jackson's finances were in disarray and she was forced to file for bankruptcy in order to stave off claims of $650,000 in damages to the Moulin Rougefor ending her contract early.[42]In 1993 Jackson held a concert at Poland's Sopot International Song Festivaland released a step aerobicsexercise video, Step-Up Workout. In 1994, Jackson again worked for Playboy Entertainment, becoming one of the very first celebrities to have a Celebrity Centerfold video. Playboy Celebrity Centerfold: La Toya Jacksonwas released in the first quarter of 1994 and sold roughly 50,000 copies. Jackson later released two albums, one of country music, From Nashville to You, and another of Motownhits, Stop in the Name of Love, in the mid-1990s.
1996–2002: Escape and seclusion[edit]
Further information: Gordon v. Gordon
When Jackson became aware that Gordon was planning to feature her in a pornographic filmshe decided she'd had enough. Jackson phoned brother Randywho flew to New Yorkto help her escape while Gordon was out.[20][43][44]Only days later, La Toya filed for divorce from Las Vegas and sued Gordon in civil court for years of abuse under the Violence Against Women Act. She changed her name from La Toya Jackson-Gordon to La Toya Jackson thusforth dropping use of her former middle name Yvonne.[18]
La Toya Jackson ended her estrangement with the entire Jackson family and returned home to Hayvenhurst. Jackson forgave her parents for her stifled upbringing reasoning, "I've come to realize that as we get older, we grow and learn a lot more. And I think that my father and my mother, they raised children the best way they know how."[19]According to La Toya, Michael knew that she was forced to attack him in the press against her will and he did not blame her.[45]"He never held any of that against me, I remember when I'd got away from this total hell I'd been through where I'd been beaten, abused, controlled and forced to say those terrible things about Michael, which I didn't for a moment believe, he held out his arms and just hugged me. I was crying saying: 'I'm so sorry, I'm so sorry.' He just held me tight and said: 'I am your brother, I always knew it wasn't you saying those words."[46]
Jackson's last single of the 1990s was "Don't Break My Heart."
After separating from Gordon, Jackson cloistered herself in her home and lived alone for the first time—the first six months she stated she never actually left her house due to being terrified of Gordon seeing her. Weary after her years of public scorn, she didn't know what to do with her life and was afraid to perform again.[45]Jackson struggled to rebuild her confidence but was plagued with self-doubt, explaining, "I got to the point, [...] where—well, you know in the media they say things like, 'Oh, she can't sing. She has no talent. She can't dance.' I started believing that, and I was thinking, 'Oh my God'. And I started thinking, 'Oh gee, how could this happen to me?' How could I start believing this?".[19]After this time she started to perform in Europe and South America occasionally to start making money to pay off the huge debts which Gordon had accumulated in her name while they were married. In the wake of the September 11 attacksJackson was moved to compose "Free the World". She performed the song for friends to a positive reception. This spurred on Jackson to write more songs, ending up with a full album, Startin' Over.
2003–2006: Re-emergence and return to music[edit]
Jackson publicly re-emerged on Larry King Liveon March 9, 2003. Her appearance caused CNN's phone lines to stay busy for hours and was King's highest-rated show in three years.[47]Jackson announced her first musical project in six years, Startin' Over.[19]Startin' Over'slead singlewas 2004's "Just Wanna Dance", released independently under her pseudonymous nickname "Toy" in order to avoid any prejudices DJs might hold against La Toya Jackson's name. The plan worked, with "Just Wanna Dance" reaching #13 on the US BillboardHot Dance chart. "Free the World" was released later that year to similar success. Jackson's label, Ja-Tail Records secured a deal with Universal Music Groupto distribute the album, which was delayed several times due to extenuating circumstances. The 2003 promotional copy of Startin' Overleakedonline in 2006, however Jackson's management revealed that the entire album was being re-recorded with an all-new track list and updated sound. That year Jackson became the spokeswoman for Australian malt beverage Star Ice's US launch.[48][49]
After Jack Gordon's death in 2005, Jackson was free to speak more openly about the control he exerted over her life. She sent a security expert to eyewitness that Gordon had not faked his death a second time.[50]In 2005 she appeared on ABC Newsto recant her previous allegations and defend brother Michael against new charges of child abuse.[20]VH1described Jackson as a role modelhaving weathered various successes and setbacks.[47]The perception of Jackson as an underdogand her support for LGBT rightshas led her to be declared a gay icon.[41]
2007–2009: Reality television[edit]




"I Don't Play That"







A sample from "I Don't Play That", a single by La Toya Jackson.

Problems playing this file? See media help.
On January 10, 2007, the reality TVshow Armed & Famouspremiered on CBSstarring Jackson and other celebrities. The program documented Jackson's basic trainingand service as a reserve police officerwith the MunciePolice Department. Jackson maintains her badge by continuing to volunteer as a deputy.[51]The show was eventually removed from the CBS lineup, due to its inability to compete with American Idol. VH1subsequently aired the remaining episodes. On the show, Jackson demonstrated her phobia of cats, after she began hysterically screaming and locked herself in a squad car. This fear, she revealed, was caused by a childhood memory in which a relative was attacked by a cat. She underwent on-screen therapyto try to relieve her of this phobia. A single called "Armed and Famous" was planned but the title was changed to "I Don't Play That" shortly before it was sent to radio stations, where it failed to take off, on January 29, 2007, due to CBS' cancellation of the show.
In January 2009, Jackson was paid £103,000 to appear as a contestant on the British television program Celebrity Big Brother. She was the second member of the Jackson familyto be on the show, the first being her brother Jermainein 2007.[52][53]Jackson's goal in participating in show was to get over her shyness and "mix with people who I'd never normally meet."[46]She was the fourth person evicted from the house, and was the first evictee of the series to be cheered on her exit.[citation needed]
The final version of Startin' Overwas completed in late 2008, just before Jackson joined the cast of Celebrity Big Brother. A new lead single, "Love, Honor, and Obey", planned for a summer 2009 release, was put on hold because of the death of La Toya's younger brother Michael. Instead, "Home" was released on 28 July 2009 in Michael's memory with all proceeds going to AIDS Project Los Angeles, one of his favorite charities.[54][55]La Toya Jackson was one of the first siblings present at Reagan-UCLA Medical Centeron June 25, 2009, after brother Michael Jacksonwas pronounced dead after suffering cardiac arrest. She was named as the informant on her brother's death certificate. Jackson requested a second autopsy to be carried out after noting suspicious medical paraphernalia in Michael's rented house, evasive behavior by his doctors, and discovering that $2 million in cash and jewels had gone missing. On July 13, an interview was published in News of the Worldand the Daily Mailwherein Jackson went public with her conclusion that Michael was murdered.[51]The Los Angeles County Coronerruled Jackson's death a homicideweeks later.[56]
2010–present: Reality television and Starting Over[edit]




La Toya Jackson on October 18, 2009 at an AIDS Walkin Los Angeles
In 2010, Jackson launched Dream Cream, a hand cream for German cosmetics firm Alessandro International, and named Teddy Rileyhead of Ja-Tail Records' music division.[57][58][59]Jackson took part in NBC's Celebrity Apprentice, which aired from March through May 2011 and raised $65,000 for her chosen charity, AIDS Project Los Angeles. La Toya was "fired" from Celebrity Apprenticein episode 8 during season 11, which aired on April 24, 2011 on NBC. In an Apprenticefirst, Jackson was rehired in the following episode, as she felt she couldn't defend her case. La Toya was fired for the second time on May 8, 2011 and became the first person in history to be fired from The Apprenticetwice within the same season. She was also the first guest judge to appear in two episodes of season threeof RuPaul's Drag Race.[60]She also served as guest judge on the 17th season of America's Next Top Model. Jackson's second memoir, Starting Over, was released in the United States on June 21, 2011 through Gallery Books, an imprint of Simon & Schuster.[61]An EP, also called Starting Over,was released the same day via digital outlets.[62]
In 2013, Jackson started her own reality series called Life With La Toyawhich is premiered on Oprah Winfrey's OWN.[63]Also in 2013, Jackson rejoined the newest cast for The All-Star Celebrity Apprentice. Jackson lasted until the 3rd episode of the season, when she was fired on an episode titled "I'm Being Punked By A Jackson". Jackson volunteered to be the project manager on a task that saw the cast creating a Soap Opera themed commercial for Crystal Light. Jackson's team lost the task and she subsequently was fired by Donald Trump. Unlike her first appearance on the show, Trump specifically stated that he would not allow Jackson to return to the show after being fired. In September 2013, Jackson made her stage debut in a week-long engagement in the off-Broadwaymusical, Newsical.[64]
It was falsely reported that on December 6, 2013 Jackson married her business partner Jeffre Phillips in Los Angeles.[65]On December 16 TMZ reported that La Toya and Jeffre stated that they have not married and this was reaffirmed on Oprah: Where Are They Now?.[66]Jeffre had publicly asked her to marry him in an episode of her reality series that recently aired.[67]His decision to propose to La Toya was prompted by their friend Brenda Harvey Richie (ex-wife of Lionel Richie) who noted that they had been best friends for 15 years as he became La Toya's business partner after Jack Gordon. He did so with the permission of La Toya's father, Joe Jackson.[68]
Currently, she and Jeffre are also the executive producers of a documentarycalled "Dancing in Jaffa" which follows 150 young Jewish and Palestinian Israelis as they dance together in unity by putting their cultural differences aside.[69][70]
Vocal style and influences[edit]
La Toya Jackson has a three-octave vocal range which soars to a high D#6 in her single, "Bet'cha Gonna Need My Lovin'."[71]The Evening Independentsays that she has an "attractive, pleasant voice that is matured and controlled."[72]Andrew Hamilton of AllMusicdescribes her voice as a light, wispy "sexy whisper".[73]Like her siblings, Michael and Janet, she is mainly a pop, R&B and dance music performer but she has also dabbled in rockas heard in her song, "No More Drama" and reggaein her signature song "Heart Don't Lie."
Like many other Jacksons, she cites James Brownas a "major influence".[74]When Jackson headlined the Moulin Rougeshe paid homage to La Goulueand cited Josephine Bakeras an influence. L'Expresshailed Jackson as "the new Josephine Baker."[29]According to academic Bennetta Jules-Rosette, "Through careful planning, she was able to model a successful part of her career abroad on the master tropes of a Baker-like image. Jackson exemplifies Baudrillard's notion that neither the message nor the content count as much as the referentiality of the signifier in postmodern performative discourse."[75]
Discography[edit]
Main article: La Toya Jackson discography
Studio albums[edit]
La Toya Jackson(1980)
My Special Love(1981)
Heart Don't Lie(1984)
Imagination(1986)
La Toya(1988)
Bad Girl(1991)
No Relations(1991)
From Nashville to You(1994)
Stop in the Name of Love(1995)
Extended plays[edit]
Starting Over(2011)
Stage recordings[edit]
Formidable(1992)
Awards and other achievements[edit]
Jackson co-wrote "Reggae Nights" for reggaeartist Jimmy Cliff, which received a Grammynomination for Best Reggae Recording.[47]She later recorded the song for her album No Relations. She also wrote "Brown Eyes" for Cliff.
Jackson was honored as a writer, arranger, and producer of Cliff Hanger, which won the Grammy Award for Best Reggae Albumin 1986.[76]
She was one of the recipients of a Grammy Award for Record of the Yearas a vocalistfor "We Are the World".[77]
She wrote Home for Christmas for The Beu Sisters
She won one of five Outstanding Song Awards at the 1985 World Popular Song Festivalin Tokyo, Japan, for her song "Baby Sister"[11]
Jackson received a US CongressionalTribute for her participation in a "Beat It" rally and Stay In School Campaign[78]
Jackson's footprintswere immortalized on Rotterdam's Star Boulevard Walk of Fame on 19 December 1991, originally located in Scheveningen.
She has a namesake dessert at Millions of Milkshakes in West Hollywood. The "La Toya Jackson Shake" consists of strawberries, raspberries, caramel, topped with whipped cream and a Cadbury flake.[79]
See also[edit]

Portal icon The Jackson Family portal



References[edit]
1.Jump up ^Jackson, La Toya; Patricia Romanowski (1991). La Toya: Growing Up in the Jackson Family. Dutton Publishing. p. 54. ISBN 0-451-17415-1.
2.Jump up ^Jackson, La Toya; Patricia Romanowski (1991). La Toya: Growing Up in the Jackson Family. Dutton Publishing. p. 65. ISBN 0-451-17415-1.
3.Jump up ^Randolph, Laura B. 'My first love': celebrities recall the first time they were hit by Cupid's arrow.Ebony magazineFebruary 01, 1989
4.Jump up ^Michael A. Gonzales, Vibe Magazine'The Rise and Fall of the Debarge Family'at the Wayback Machine(archived December 17, 2007), September 10, 2007.
5.^ Jump up to: abJackson, Joseph (September 2004). The Jacksons. Random House Entertainment. p. 115. ISBN 3-8090-3028-7.
6.Jump up ^"Waiting for the day when she's not just 'his sister'" Spokane Daily Chronicle, June 18, 1985
7.Jump up ^Lebow, Joan [1]Daily News RecordMay 17, 1984
8.Jump up ^David Laurenz, Latoya Jackson sign 3-year pact., Women's Wear Daily, April 24, 1984
9.Jump up ^By Peter Carlson, Roger Wolmuth 'The Jacksons Continue to Gear Up for the Pop Cultural Event of the Year at a Pace—Slow—That Is Driving Fans and Potential Business Partners into a Frenzy'PEOPLEMay 07, 1984 Vol. 21 No. 18
10.Jump up ^Britton, A.G.La Roya a hit for Mahogany Image(La Toya Jackson) (Holiday Fragrance supplement) Women's Wear DailySeptember 13, 1985
11.^ Jump up to: ab"'16th World Popular Song Festival'". Users.telenet.be. Retrieved 2010-06-24.
12.Jump up ^Jackson, Katherine. Everything you always wanted to know about Michael, Janet and LaToya: mother of Jackson family tells all - excerpt from Katherine Jackson's 'My Family, The Jacksons'Ebony, October, 1990
13.Jump up ^'La Toya off on her own', Chicago Sun-TimesMay 2, 1988
14.Jump up ^Jackson, La Toya; Patricia Romanowski (1991). La Toya: Growing Up in the Jackson Family. Dutton Publishing. pp. 205–206. ISBN 0-451-17415-1.
15.Jump up ^Jackson, La Toya; Patricia Romanowski (1991). La Toya: Growing Up in the Jackson Family. Dutton Publishing. p. 207. ISBN 0-451-17415-1.
16.^ Jump up to: abcdRandolph, Laura B. 'LaToya Jackson on: fame, family and her future in Paris', July, 1992
17.Jump up ^"Cherry Pop Records". Cherryred.co.uk. Retrieved 2010-06-24.
18.^ Jump up to: abc"'La Toya Jackson files gender-based violence suit against husband.', Jet Magazine, July 15, 1996.
19.^ Jump up to: abcd"CNN.com - Transcripts". Transcripts.cnn.com. 2003-03-04. Retrieved 2010-06-24.
20.^ Jump up to: abcdef"LaToya Jackson Defends Michael". ABC News. January 20, 2005.
21.Jump up ^"Lexington Herald-Leader (KY) - September 5, 1989". Nl.newsbank.com. 1989-09-05. Retrieved 2010-06-24.
22.^ Jump up to: abLloyd, Jimmy. 'La Toya's forced wedding hell', The Sun, 06 Jan 2009.
23.Jump up ^'Wedding Bells were a hoax, La Toya Says', Deseret News, Friday, Sept. 8, 1989.[dead link]
24.Jump up ^Lloyd, Jimmy. 'Shaken ... La Toya opens up about suffering domestic abuse'The Sun, 04 Jan 2009.
25.Jump up ^'LaToya Jackson Beaten in Rome'Los Angeles Times, June 15, 1990.
26.Jump up ^Jackson, La Toya; Patricia Romanowski (1991). La Toya: Growing Up in the Jackson Family. New American Library. p. 261. ISBN 0-451-17415-1.
27.Jump up ^Lavin, Cheryl. 'Brawl in the family La Toya Jackson's book heats up the tug of war between her family and her manager', Chicago TribuneAug 11, 1991.
28.Jump up ^Norment, Lynn. 'Grown-up Janet Jackson talks about racism, sensuality and the Jackson family'Ebony, Sept 1993.[dead link]
29.^ Jump up to: abCohen, Roger. 'Paris Journal; Today's Lament: Where's Yesteryear's Gay Paree?'The New York Times, January 29, 1993.
30.Jump up ^'Currents'The Beaver County TimesFeb 7, 1993
31.Jump up ^""Janet Jackson"". E! True Hollywood Story. Season 8. Episode 3. Oct 19, 2003. E!.
32.Jump up ^'Latoya Jackson's Marriage Becomes a Danger Zone'People Magazine, May 03, 1993 Vol. 39 No. 17.
33.Jump up ^Dominguez, Robert. 'More La Toya Stories The Grande Dame of Dysfunction will reveal 'Family Secrets' on new new 900-Line'New York Daily NewsWednesday, January 10th, 1996, 1:95AM.
34.^ Jump up to: ab'La Toya Jacksons Ex Threatened To Kill Michael and Janet', femalefirst.co.uk, 25-01-2005.
35.Jump up ^'Self-defense claim'Chicago Tribune, April 23, 1993.
36.Jump up ^Weinraub, Robert. 'The Jackson Family Reunited, Sort Of', The New York Times, February 21, 1994.
37.Jump up ^'La Toya: Charges Are True; Family Says Jackson Never Molested Kids'The Washington Post, December 9, 1993.
38.Jump up ^'Jacksons refute LaToya's charge Michael kept boys with him at family home.'Jet Magazine, December 27, 1993 "...charges against him have come from sister LaToya, who several weeks ago, ironically, defended him on national television. "
39.Jump up ^Taraborrelli, J. Randy(2004). The Magic and the Madness. Terra Alta, WV: Headline. ISBN 0-330-42005-4.p. 534-540.
40.Jump up ^""S8E1"". "The Frank Skinner Show". Season 8. Episode 1. 14 October 2004. BBC One.“” (2007-08-12). "YouTube - La Toya Jackson on Frank Skinner". Au.youtube.com. Retrieved 2010-06-24.
41.^ Jump up to: abPratt, Paul E. 'La Toya Jackson Learns Life’s Lessons'at the Wayback Machine(archived March 30, 2007), gaywired.com, 06.13.05.
42.Jump up ^Benza, A.J. & Lewittes, Michael. 'La Toya's Franc Admission', New York Daily News, Thursday, July 20th, 1995, 1:14AM.
43.Jump up ^Jensen!. 14 May 2008. RTL 5.
44.Jump up ^"La Toya on escaping Jack Gordon". YouTube. Retrieved 2010-06-24.
45.^ Jump up to: abMontgomery, James. 'LaToya Jackson Tries New Career As 'Toy,' Says 'Michael Knows My Heart' 'MTV, Sep 1 2004 8:35 PM EDT
46.^ Jump up to: abLouise Gannon 'Michael was too good for this world'News of the World20/06/2010
47.^ Jump up to: abc"VH1 La Toya Jackson biography". VH1. Viacom. Archived from the originalon 2008-03-10. Retrieved 2010-03-25.
48.Jump up ^NORM : A dual celebration for Guy Laliberte, Las Vegas Review-Journal, June 28, 2006
49.Jump up ^eurweb.com, September 15, 2006
50.Jump up ^'La Toya's still haunted by her violent ex-husband'National Enquirer, 2005
51.^ Jump up to: abGraham, Caroline. 'La Toya Jackson: Michael was murdered... I felt it from the start', Daily Mail, 13th July 2009
52.Jump up ^Singh, Anita. 'Celebrity Big Brother begins', The Daily Telegraph, 8:20PM GMT 02 Jan 2009
53.Jump up ^'Jackson's diva demands on Big Brother', The Times of India, January 2009, 03:28pm IST
54.Jump up ^"Bungalo Records". Bungalo Records. Retrieved 2010-06-24.
55.Jump up ^'LaToya song re-released as Jackson tribute', Associated Press, July 17, 2009.
56.Jump up ^'Coroner rules Jackson’s death a homicide', MSNBC, Mon., Aug 24, 2009.
57.Jump up ^Stone, Susan. La Toya Jackson Poses for Alessandro Cream Ad,Women's Wear Daily,March 31, 2010
58.Jump up ^Odell, Amy. La Toya Jackson Now Fronts a $227 Hand Cream With Diamond Dust, New York Magazine, 3/31/10
59.Jump up ^"Music". JaTail. Retrieved 2010-06-24.
60.Jump up ^"Press Release - La Toya Jackson to Guest Judge on "RuPaul's Drag Race"". 24-7pressrelease.com. Retrieved 2013-04-07.
61.Jump up ^Find Out What S&S Authors Are Doing Right Now. "La Toya Jackson | Official Publisher Page". Authors.simonandschuster.com. Retrieved 2011-10-09.
62.Jump up ^"La Toya Jackson Starting Over Promo". YouTube. 2011-06-21. Retrieved 2011-10-09.
63.Jump up ^Levine, Stuart (Aug 1, 2012). "OWN orders La Toya Jackson reality series". Variety. Retrieved 4 August2012.
64.Jump up ^Adam Hetrick (2013-08-23). "La Toya Jackson Will Join Off-Broadway's NEWSical The Musical". Playbill. Retrieved 2014-06-27.
65.Jump up ^"LaToya Jackson marries Jeffre Phillips in Los Angeles". upi.com. United Press International, Inc. December 9, 2013. Retrieved 24 March2014.
66.Jump up ^"Latoya calls BS, I am Not Married". tmz.com. EHM Productions, Inc. Retrieved 24 March2014.
67.Jump up ^Hoffman, Michael (2014-06-21). "‘Life With La Toya’ Episode Guide (June 21): Jeffré Pops the Question". TVImpulse.com. Retrieved 2014-06-29.
68.Jump up ^"Joe Jackson Gives La Toya Jackson's Fiancé His Marriage Blessing (VIDEO)". Huffingtonpost.com. Retrieved 2014-06-29.
69.Jump up ^"Dancing in Jaffa – IFC Entertainment". Ifcfilms.com. Retrieved 2014-06-29.
70.Jump up ^"Dancing in Jaffa (2013) - Full Cast & Crew". IMDb. 2009-05-01. Retrieved 2014-06-29.
71.Jump up ^Emrick, Matt (1 December 2007). "Church of La Toya Exclusive: Tommy Martin Speaks to Church of La Toya". Church of La Toya. Archived from the originalon Oct 26, 2010. Retrieved 8 July2012.
72.Jump up ^"La Toya Jackson (Polydor)". Evening Independent. pp. 10–B. Retrieved 22 December2011.
73.Jump up ^"Bad Girl - La Toya Jackson". Retrieved 2012-07-08.
74.Jump up ^AskMenEditors. "Interview: LaToya Jackson". AskMen. AskMen. Retrieved 14 October2012.
75.Jump up ^Jules-Rosette, Bennetta (2007). "8". Josephine Baker in Art and Life: The Icon and the Image(1 ed.). University of Illinois Press. p. 259. ISBN 0252074122.
76.Jump up ^Jackson, La Toya (13 Apr 2012). "Twitter / @latoyajackson". Twitter. Retrieved 16 April2012.
77.Jump up ^"LaToya Jackson Grammy Certificate, 1985". Liveauctioneers.com. 2007-05-30. Retrieved 2010-06-24.
78.Jump up ^US Congressional Tribute to La Toya Jackson"La Toya Jackson participated in a 'Beat It' rally and the Stay in School Campaign, and this letter recognizes her contribution of time and leadership. Louis Stokes, Congressman for the 21st District, signed this tribute letter, written on US Congress letterhead."
79.Jump up ^"La Toya Jackson Serves Milkshakes on Halloween To Raise Funds for Aids Project LA" November 01, 2009
External links[edit]
 Wikimedia Commons has media related to La Toya Jackson.
Official site
Official Facebook Page
La Toya Jacksonat the Internet Movie Database
Church of La Toya—officially endorsed fan site


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Janet Jackson

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For her self-titled album, see Janet Jackson (album).


 It has been suggested that Artistry of Janet Jacksonbe mergedinto this article. (Discuss) Proposed since March 2015.

Janet Jackson
Janet Jackson Number Ones Tour 2011.jpeg
Jackson performing on Number Ones, Up Close and Personal, 2011

Born
Janet Damita Jo Jackson
May 16, 1966 (age 49)
Gary, Indiana, U.S.
Other names
Janet (stage name)

Occupation
Singer·
songwriter·
dancer·
actress·
record producer·
film producer·
businesswoman·
philanthropist·
author

Years active
1973–present
Spouse(s)
James DeBarge (m. 1984–85)
René Elizondo, Jr. (m. 1991–2000)
Wissam Al Mana (m. 2012)

Musical career
Genres
Pop·
R&B·
dance

Instruments
Vocals·
keyboards

Labels
A&M·
Virgin·
Island

Website
janetjackson.com
Janet Damita Jo Jackson(born May 16, 1966) is an Americansinger, songwriter, and actress. Known for a series of sonically innovative, socially conscious and sexually provocative records, as well as elaborate stage shows, television roles, and film roles, she has been a prominent figure in popular culture for over 25 years. The youngest child of the Jackson family, she began her career with the varietytelevision series The Jacksonsin 1976 and went on to appear in other television shows throughout the 1970s and early 1980s, including Good Timesand Fame.
After signing a recording contract with A&M in 1982, she became a pop iconfollowing the release of her third studio album Control(1986). Her collaborations with record producers Jimmy Jam and Terry Lewisincorporated elements of rhythm and blues, funk, disco, rap, and industrialbeats, which led to crossover appeal in popular music. In addition to receiving recognition for the innovation in her records, choreography, music videos, and prominence on radio airplay and MTV, she was acknowledged as a role model for her socially conscious lyrics.
In 1991, she signed the first of two record-breaking, multi-million dollar contracts with Virgin Records, establishing her as one of the highest paid artists in the industry. Her debut album under the label, Janet(1993), saw her develop a public image as a sex symbolas she began to explore sexuality in her work. That same year, she appeared in her first starring film role in Poetic Justice; since then she has continued to act in feature films. By the end of the 1990s, she was named the second most successful recording artist of the decade. She has amassed an extensive catalog of hits, with singles such as "Nasty", "Rhythm Nation", "If", "That's the Way Love Goes", "Together Again" and "All for You" among her most iconic.
Having sold over 140 million records, she is ranked as one of the best-selling artistsin the history of contemporary music.[1]The Recording Industry Association of America(RIAA) lists her as the eleventh best-sellingfemale artist in the United States, with 26 million certifiedalbums.[2]In 2008, Billboardmagazine released its list of the Hot 100 All-Time Top Artists, placing her at number seven, while in 2010, ranking her fifth among the "Top 50 R&B/Hip-Hop Artists of the Past 25 Years". One of the world's most awardedartists, her longevity, records and achievements reflect her influence in shaping and redefining the scope of popular music. She has been cited as an inspiration among numerous performers.


Contents [hide]
1Life and career1.11966–85: Early life and career beginnings
1.21986–88: Control
1.31989–92: Janet Jackson's Rhythm Nation 1814
1.41993–96: Janet, Poetic Justice, and Design of a Decade
1.51997–99: The Velvet Rope
1.62000–03: Nutty Professor II: The Klumpsand All for You
1.72004–05: Super Bowl XXXVIII controversy and Damita Jo
1.82006–07: 20 Y.O.and Why Did I Get Married?
1.92008–09: Disciplineand Number Ones
1.102010–present: Film projects, True You, concert tour, and philanthropy
2Artistry2.1Music and voice
2.2Videos and stage
2.3Influences
3Legacy
4Discography
5Filmography
6Tours
7Books
8See also
9References9.1Footnotes
9.2Sources
10Further reading
11External links

Life and career[edit]
1966–85: Early life and career beginnings[edit]




Jackson (bottom row) in a 1976 CBS photo on the set of The Jacksons
Janet Jackson was born in Gary, Indiana, the youngest of ten children, to Katherine Esther(née Scruse) and Joseph Walter Jackson.[3]The Jacksons were lower-middle class and devout Jehovah's Witnesses, although Jackson would later refrain from organized religion.[4]At a young age, her brothers began performing as The Jackson 5. In March 1969, the group signed a record deal with Motown, and soon had their first number-one hit. The family then moved to the Encinoneighborhood of Los Angeles.[3]Jackson had initially desired to become a horse racing jockey or entertainment lawyer, with plans to support herself through acting. Despite this, she was anticipated to pursue a career in entertainment, and considered the idea after recording herself in the studio.[3]At age seven, Jackson performed at the Las Vegas Stripat the MGM Casino.[3]A biography revealed her father, Joseph Jackson, was emotionally withdrawn, and told her to address him solely by his first name as a child.[3]She began acting in the variety show The Jacksonsin 1976.[3]In 1977, she was selected to have a starring role as Penny Gordon Woodsin the sitcom Good Times.[3]She later starred in A New Kind of Familybefore joining the cast of Diff'rent Strokes, portraying Charlene Duprey for two years.[3]Jackson also played the recurring role of Cleo Hewitt during the fourth season of Fame, but expressed indifference towards the series.[5][6]Jackson states her ethnicity is African American and Native American.[7]
When Jackson was sixteen, she was arranged a contract with A&M Records.[3]Her debut album, Janet Jackson, was released in 1982. It was produced by Angela Winbush, René Mooreand Leon F. Sylvers III, and overseen by her father Joseph.[3]It peaked at number sixty-three on Billboard, and number six on the publication's R&B albums chart, receiving little promotion.[8]Jackson's second album, Dream Street, was released two years later.[3]Dream Streetreached one-hundred forty-seven on the Billboard200, and number nineteen on the R&B albums chart.[8]The lead single "Don't Stand Another Chance" peaked at number nine on Billboard??'?s R&B singles chart.[9]Both albums consisted primarily of bubblegum popmusic.[10]Jackson eloped with singer James DeBargein 1984, divorcing shortly afterwards, with the marriage annulled the following year.[11]
1986–88: Control[edit]




"Nasty" (1986)







"Nasty" was written as a response to an incident of sexual harassment Jackson faced during the recording of Control. The song features a triplet swing beat.

Problems playing this file? See media help.
After her second album, Jackson terminated business affairs with her family, commenting "I just wanted to get out of the house, get out from under my father, which was one of the most difficult things that I had to do."[6]Attempting a third album, Jackson teamed with producers Jimmy Jam and Terry Lewis. They set out to achieve crossover pop appeal, while also creating a strong foundation within the urbanmarket.[12]Within six weeks, Jackson and the duo crafted her third studio album, Control, released in February 1986.[13]The album peaked at number one on Billboard, and was certified fivefold platinum by the RIAA, selling over fourteen million copies worldwide.[8][14]
Controlwas declared "remarkably nervy and mature" for a teenage act, also considered "an alternative to the sentimental balladry" which permeated radio, likening Jackson to Donna Summer's position of "unwilling to accept novelty status and taking her own steps to rise above it."[15][16][17]The album spawned five top five singles, "What Have You Done for Me Lately", "Nasty", "When I Think of You", "Control", and "Let's Wait Awhile", and a top fifteen hit with "The Pleasure Principle". "When I Think of You" became her first number one hit on the Hot 100. Controlreceived six Billboard Awards, including "Top Pop Singles Artist", and three Grammynominations, most notably "Album of the Year".[18]It also won four American Music Awardsfrom twelve nominations, an unbroken record.[19][20][21]At this point, Jackson was successfully "shaking off the experience of being a shadow Jackson child", becoming "an artist in her own right".[22]
The album's lyrical content included several themes of empowerment, inspired by an incident of sexual harassment, with Jackson recalling "the danger hit home when a couple of guys started stalking me on the street ... Instead of running to Jimmy or Terry for protection, I took a stand. I backed them down. That's how songs like 'Nasty' and 'What Have You Done for Me Lately' were born, out of a sense of self-defense."[23]Its innovative fusion of dance popand industrial musicwith hip-hopand R&Bundertones influenced the development of the new jack swinggenre by bridging the gap between the latter two styles.[24]The album's music videos became infamous on MTV, also obtaining a then-unknown Paula Adbula recording contract for her choreography work with Jackson.[25]Billboardstated "[Jackson's] accessible sound and spectacularly choreographed videos were irresistible to MTV, and helped the channel evolve from rock programming to a broader, beat-driven musical mix."[13]
1989–92: Janet Jackson's Rhythm Nation 1814[edit]




"Rhythm Nation" (1989)







"Rhythm Nation" incorporates elements of dance popand industrial musicwith the full range of new jack swinggenre.

Problems playing this file? See media help.
Jackson released her fourth album, Rhythm Nation 1814, in September 1989. Although her record label desired a direct sequel to Control, Jackson chose to include a socially conscious theme among various musical styles.[26]She stated, "I know an album or a song can't change the world. I just want my music and my dance to catch the audience's attention, and to hold it long enough for them to listen to the lyrics."[27]The album's central theme of unity was developed in response to various crimes and tragedies reported in the media.[28]
Peaking at number one on the Billboard 200, the album was certified sixfold platinum by the RIAA and sold over fourteen million copies internationally.[8][14]Rolling Stoneobserved Jackson's artistic growth shifted from "personal freedom to more universal concerns—injustice, illiteracy, crime, drugs—without missing a beat."[29]The album was also considered "the exclamation point on her career", consisting of a "diverse collection of songs flowing with the natural talent Jackson possesses", which effectively "expanded Janet's range in every conceivable direction", being "more credibly feminine, more crucially masculine, more viably adult, more believably childlike."[30]With singles "Miss You Much", "Rhythm Nation", "Escapade", "Alright", "Come Back to Me", "Black Cat" and "Love Will Never Do (Without You)", it became the only album in history to produce number one hits in three separate calendar years, as well as the only album to achieve seven top five singles on the Hot 100.[31]Famous for its choreography and warehouse setting, the "Rhythm Nation" video is considered one of the most iconic and popular in history, with Jackson's military ensemble also making her a fashion icon.[32]The video for Love Will Never Do (Without You) is notable for being the first instance of Jackson's transition into sexual imagery and midriff-baring style, becoming her trademark. Rhythm Nation 1814became the highest selling album of 1990, winning a record fifteen Billboard Awards.[33][34][35]The long-form "Rhythm Nation" music video won a Grammy Award.[36]
Jackson's Rhythm Nation 1814 World Tourbecame the most successful debut tour in history and set a record for the fastest sell-out of Japan's Tokyo Dome.[37]She established the "Rhythm Nation Scholarship," donating funds from the tour to various educational programs.[38][39]Jackson became increasingly acknowledged for her cultural impact, called "a fixture on MTV and a major role model to teenage girls across the country", as well as a social leader, praised for the album's message "having positive effects" among youth.[40][41]The massive success experienced by Jackson placed her in league with Michael Jackson, Madonna, and Tina Turnerfor her achievements and influence.[42]A publication reported, "No individual or group has impacted the world of entertainment as have Michael and Janet Jackson," saying despite many imitators, few could surpass Jackson's "stunning style and dexterity."[43]In 1992, Jackson provided guest vocals on Luther Vandross's "The Best Things in Life Are Free", becoming a top ten Billboardhit and reaching the top ten internationally.[44]
1993–96: Janet, Poetic Justice, and Design of a Decade[edit]




Janet Jackson featured on an iconic cover of Rolling Stonewith the hands of her then-unknown husband René Elizondo, Jr.cupping her breasts.
Jackson fulfilled her contract with A&M Records, signing a multi-million dollar contract with Virgin Recordsestimated between thirty-two to fifty million dollars, making her the highest paid recording artist at the time.[43][45]The recording contract also established her reputation as the "Queen of Pop."[46]Jackson's fifth studio album Janet, stylized as janet.and read "Janet, period", was released in May 1993. The record opened at number one on the Billboard 200, making Jackson the first female artist in the Nielsen SoundScanera to do so.[8][47]Certified sixfold platinum by the RIAA, it sold over 20 million copies worldwide.[14][48]Janetspawned five singles and four promotional singles, receiving various certifications worldwide. Lead single "That's the Way Love Goes" won the Grammy Award for Best R&B Songand topped the BillboardHot 100 for eight consecutive weeks.[49]"Again" reached number one for three weeks, while "If" and "Any Time, Any Place" peaked in the top four. "Because of Love" and "You Want This" charted within the top ten.
The album experimented with a diverse number of genres, including deep house, swing jazz, hip hop, rock, and contemporary R&Bblended with pop, with Billboarddescribing each as being "delivered with consummate skill and passion."[50]Jackson took a larger role in songwriting and production than she did on her previous albums, explaining she found it necessary "to write all the lyrics and half of the melodies" while also speaking candidly about incorporating her sexuality into the album's content.[23]Rolling Stonewrote "[a]s princess of America's black royal family, everything Janet Jackson does is important. Whether proclaiming herself in charge of her life, as she did on Control (1986), or commander in chief of a rhythm army dancing to fight society's problems (Rhythm Nation 1814, from 1989), she's influential. And when she announces her sexual maturity, as she does on her new album, Janet., it's a cultural moment."[51]
In July 1993, Jackson made her film debut in Poetic Justice. While the film was critically panned, her performance was described as "beguiling" and "believably eccentric."[52][53]Jackson's ballad "Again", which was written for the film, received Golden Globeand Academy Awardnominations for "Best Original Song."[54][55]In September 1993, Jackson appeared topless on the cover of Rolling Stone, with her breasts covered by former husband René Elizondo, Jr. The photograph is the original version of the cropped image used on the Janetalbum cover, shot by Patrick Demarchelier.[56]The Vancouver Sunreported, "Jackson, 27, remains clearly established as both role model and sex symbol; the Rolling Stonephoto of Jackson ... became one of the most recognizable, and most lampooned, magazine covers."[57]The Janet World Tourlaunched in support of the studio album garnered criticism for Jackson's lack of vocal proficiency and spontaneity, but earned critical acclaim for her showmanship. It was described as erasing the line between "stadium-size pop music concerts and full-scale theatrical extravaganzas."[58]
During this time, her brother Michael was immersed in a child sex abuse scandal, of which he denied any wrongdoing.[59]She provided moral support, defending her brother, and denied abuse allegations regarding her parents made by her sister La Toya.[60]She collaborated with Michael Jacksonon "Scream", the lead single from his album HIStory, released 1995. The song was written by both siblings as a response to media scrutiny.[61]It debuted at number five on the Hot 100 singles chart, becoming the first song ever to debut within the top five. "Scream" is listed in Guinness World Recordsas the "Most Expensive Music Video Ever Made", costing $7 million. The clip won the 1995 Grammy Awardfor Best Short Form Music Video.[36]
Jackson's first compilation album, Design of a Decade 1986/1996, was released in 1995. It peaked at number three on the Billboard200.[8]The lead single, "Runaway", became the first song by a female artist to debut within the top ten of the Hot 100, reaching number three.[62][63]Design of a Decade 1986/1996was certified double platinum by the RIAA and sold ten million copies worldwide.[14]Jackson's influence in pop music continued to garner acclaim, as The Boston Globeremarked "If you're talking about the female power elite in pop, you can't get much higher than Janet Jackson, Bonnie Raitt, Madonna and Yoko Ono. Their collective influence ... is beyond measure. And who could dispute that Janet Jackson now has more credibility than brother Michael?"[64]Jackson renewed her contract with Virgin Records for a reported $80 million the following year.[65]The contract established her as the then-highest paid recording artist in history, surpassing the recording industry's then-unparalleled $60 million contracts earned by Michael Jackson and Madonna.[66][67][68]
1997–99: The Velvet Rope[edit]
Jackson began suffering from severe depression and anxiety, leading her to chronicle the experience in her sixth album, The Velvet Rope,released October 1997. Jackson returned with a dramatic change in image, boasting vibrant red hair, nasal piercings, and tattoos.[69]The album is primarily centered on the idea that everyone has an intrinsic need to belong. Aside from encompassing lyrics relating to social issues such as same-sex relationships, homophobiaand domestic violence, it also contains themes of sadomasochismand is considered far more sexually explicit in nature than her previous release, Janet.[6]The record was hailed as "her most daring, elaborate and accomplished album" by The New York Times, while Billboardranked it as "the best American album of the year and the most empowering of her last five."[70][71]The album debuted at number one on the Billboard 200 and was certified triple platinum, selling over ten million worldwide.[14]
Lead single "Got 'til It's Gone" was released in August 1997, featuring guest vocals from folk singer Joni Mitchelland rapper Q-Tip. The song's music video, depicting a pre-Apartheidcelebration, won the Grammy Award for Best Short Form Music Video.[36]"Together Again" became Jackson's eighth number-one hit on the BillboardHot 100, placing her on par with Elton John, Diana Ross, and The Rolling Stones.[49]It spent a record forty-six weeks on the Hot 100 and nineteen weeks on the United Kingdom's singles chart.[49]It sold six million copies worldwide, becoming one of the best-selling singlesof all time. "I Get Lonely" peaked at number three on the Hot 100, and received a Grammy nomination for Best Female R&B Vocal Performance.[72]As Jackson's eighteenth consecutive top ten hit, it made her the only female artist to garner that achievement, surpassed only by Elvis Presleyand The Beatles.[73]Several other singles were released, including "Go Deep" and ballad "Every Time", which was controversial for the nudity displayed in its music video.[74]
The album fully established Jackson as a gay iconfor its themes regarding homosexuality and protesting homophobia. "Together Again", a "post-Aids pop song", and "Free Xone", considered "a paean to homosexuality" and an "anti-homophobia track", were praised for their lyrical context, in addition to Jackson's lesbian reinterpretation of Rod Stewart's "Tonight's the Night".[75][76]The Velvet Ropereceived an award for "Outstanding Music Album" at the 9th Annual GLAAD Media Awardsand was honored by the National Black Lesbian and Gay Leadership Forum.[77]A portion of the proceeds from "Together Again" were donated to the American Foundation for AIDS Research.[49]
Jackson embarked on The Velvet Rope World Tour, traveling to Europe, North America, Asia, Africa, New Zealand, and Australia. The tour received praise for its theatrics, choreography, and Jackson's vocal performance.[78]It was likened to "the ambition and glamour of a Broadway musical", and exclaimed as "only fitting that the concert program credits her as the show's 'creator and director'."[78]The tour's HBOspecial, The Velvet Rope: Live in Madison Square Garden, garnered more than fifteen million viewers. It surpassed the ratings of all four major networks among viewers subscribed to the channel.[79]The concert won an Emmy Awardfrom a total of four nominations.[80]Jackson donated a portion of the tour's sales to America's Promise, an organization founded by Colin Powellto assist disenfranchised youth.[81]
As the tour concluded, Jackson lent guest vocals to several collaborations, including Shaggy's"Luv Me, Luv Me", used for the film How Stella Got Her Groove Back, as well as "Girlfriend/Boyfriend" with Teddy Riley's group Blackstreet, and "What's It Gonna Be?!" with Busta Rhymes. The latter two music videos are both among the most expensive music videosever produced, with "What's It Gonna Be?!" becoming a number-one hit on the BillboardHip-Hop Singlesand Hot Rap Trackscharts, reaching the top three of the Hot 100. Jackson also contributed the ballad "God's Stepchild" to the Down in the Deltasoundtrack. Jackson recorded a duet with Elton Johntitled "I Know the Truth," included on the soundtrack to Elton John and Tim Rice's Aida. At the 1999 World Music Awards, Jackson received the Legend Award for "outstanding contribution to the pop industry".[82]Billboardranked Jackson as the second most successful artist of the decade, behind Mariah Carey.[83]
2000–03: Nutty Professor II: The Klumpsand All for You[edit]
In July 2000, Jackson appeared in her second film, Nutty Professor II: The Klumps, as the role of Professor Denise Gaines, opposite Eddie Murphy. Director Peter Segalstated "Janet Jackson was a natural fit, and an obvious choice."[84]The film became her second to open at number one, grossing an estimated total of nearly $170 million worldwide.[85][86]Jackson's single "Doesn't Really Matter", used for the film's soundtrack, became her ninth number-one single on the Hot 100. The same year, Jackson's husband Rene Elizondo Jr. filed for divorce, revealing their private marriage to the public. Entertainment Weeklyreported for eight of the thirteen years she and Elizondo had been acquainted, "[they] were married—a fact they managed to hide not only from the international press but from Jackson's own father."[87]Elizondo filed a multi-million dollar lawsuit against her, estimated between $10–25 million, which did not reach a settlement for three years.[87][88]
Preceding the release of her seventh album, MTVhonored Jackson with the network's inaugural "MTV Icon" ceremony, honoring her "significant contributions to music, music video and pop culture while tremendously impacting the MTV generation." The event paid tribute to Jackson's career and influence, including commentary from Britney Spears, Jennifer Lopez, Aaliyah, and Jessica Simpson, and performances by 'N Sync, Pink, Destiny's Child, Usher, Buckcherry, and Outkast.[89]The American Music Awardsalso honored Jackson with the Award of Meritfor "her finely crafted, critically acclaimed and socially conscious, multi-platinum albums."[90]Jackson's seventh album, All for You, was released in April 2001. It opened at number one on the Billboard 200 with 605,000 copies sold, the highest first-week sales of her career, and among the highest first-week sales by a female artist in history.[8][91]The album was a return to an upbeat dance style, receiving generally positive reception. Jackson received praise for indulging in "textures as dizzying as a new infatuation", in contrast to other artists attempting to "match the angularity of hip-hop" and following trends.[92]All for Youwas certified double platinum by the RIAA and sold nine million copies worldwide.[14][93]




"All for You" (2001)







Jackson's "All for You" peaked atop the BillboardHot 100 for seven weeks.

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The album's lead single, "All for You", debuted on the Hot 100 at number fourteen, setting a record for the highest debut by a single that was not commercially available.[94]Jackson was titled "Queen of Radio" by MTVas the single made airplay history, being "added to every pop, rhythmic and urban radio station" within its first week.[94]The song broke the overall airplay debut record with a first week audience of seventy million, debuting at number nine on the Radio Songschart.[95]It topped the Hot 100 for seven weeks, also reaching the top ten in eleven countries.[96]The song received a Grammy Awardfor Best Dance Recording.[36]"Someone to Call My Lover" peaked at number three on the Hot 100.[97]Built around a sample of the iconic 1972 hit "You're So Vain" by Carly Simon, "Son of a Gun (I Betcha Think This Song Is About You)" featured Simon herself, along with Missy Elliotton remixes of the single.
In July 2001, Jackson embarked on the All for You Tour, which was also broadcast on a concert special for HBOwatched by twelve million viewers.[98]The tour traveled throughout the United States and Japan, although European and Asian dates were required to be canceled following the September 11 terrorist attacks. The Los Angeles Timescomplimented Jackson's showmanship.[99]Richard Harrington of the Washington Postsaid Jackson's performance surpassed her contemporaries,[100]but Bob Massy of Spinthought her dancers "threw crisper moves" and her supporting singers were mixed nearly as high, though declared "Janet cast herself as the real entertainment."[101]Jackson donated a portion of the tour's proceeds to the Boys & Girls Clubs of America.[102]
The following year, Jackson began receiving media attention for her rumored relationships with Justin Timberlake, actor Matthew McConaughey, and record producer Jermaine Dupri.[103][104][105]Upon the release of Timberlake's debut solo album Justified,Jackson provided vocals on "(And She Said) Take Me Now" per Timberlake's request, with the song initially planned as a single. Jackson collaborated with reggaeartist Beenie Manfor the song "Feel It Boy", produced by The Neptunes.
2004–05: Super Bowl XXXVIII controversy and Damita Jo[edit]
Main article: Super Bowl XXXVIII halftime show controversy
Jackson was chosen by the National Football Leagueand MTV to perform at the Super Bowl XXXVIIIhalftime show in February 2004. Jackson performed a medley of "All for You", "Rhythm Nation", and an excerpt of "The Knowledge" before performing "Rock Your Body" alongside surprise guest Justin Timberlake. As Timberlake sang the lyric "I'm gonna have you naked by the end of this song", he tore open her costume, exposing her right breast to 140 million viewers. Jackson issued an apology after the performance, saying the incident was accidental and unintended, explaining that Timberlake was only meant to pull away a bustierand leave the red-lace bra intact.[106]She commented, "I am really sorry if I offended anyone. That was truly not my intention ... MTV, CBS, the NFL had no knowledge of this whatsoever, and unfortunately, the whole thing went wrong in the end."[107]Timberlake also issued an apology, calling the accident a "wardrobe malfunction."[106]The incident became the most recorded and replayed moment in TiVohistory, enticing an estimated 35,000 new subscribers.[108][109]Regarded as one of the most controversial television events in history, Jackson was later listed in Guinness World Recordsas the "Most Searched in Internet History" and the "Most Searched for News Item".[110]CBS, the NFL, and MTV (CBS's sister network, which produced the halftime show), denied any knowledge of, and all responsibility for, the incident. The Federal Communications Commissionheavily fined all companies involved, and continued an investigation for eight years, ultimately losing its appeal for a $550,000 fine against CBS.[111]




Jackson and Timberlake photographed after the Super Bowl XXXVIII halftime show incident.
Following the incident, CBS permitted Timberlake to appear at the 46th Grammy Awardsceremony but did not allow Jackson to attend, forcing her to withdraw after being scheduled as a presenter.[112]The controversy halted plans for Jackson to star in the biographical film of singer and activist Lena Horne, which was to be produced by American Broadcasting Company. Although Horne was reportedly displeased by the incident, Jackson's representatives stated she withdrew from the project willingly.[113]A Mickey Mousestatue wearing Jackson's iconic "Rhythm Nation" outfit was mantled at Walt Disney Worldtheme park the previous year to honor Jackson's legacy, but was removed following Jackson's controversial performance.[114]
Jackson's eighth studio album Damita Jo, titled after Jackson's middle name, was released in March 2004. It debuted at number two on the Billboard200.[8][115]The album received mixed to positive reviews, praising the sonic innovation of selected songs and Jackson's vocal harmonies, while others criticized its frequent themes of carnality.[116]However, several critics observed many reviews focusing on the Super Bowl incident, rather than critiquing the album itself.[117]It was certified platinum by the RIAA within a month, and sold over three million copies worldwide.[14][118]
The album's performance was largely affected by public backlash and the blacklistingfrom radio and music channels. Conglomerates involved in the boycott include Viacomand CBS, subsidiaries MTV, Clear Channel Communications, and Infinity Broadcasting, the latter two among the largest radio broadcasters.[119][120]The blacklist was placed into effect preceding the release of Damita Joand continued throughout the course of Jackson's following two albums. A senior executive for entertainment conglomerate Viacom, which owns MTV, VH1, and many radio formats, commented they were "absolutely bailing on the record. The pressure is so great, they can't align with anything related to Janet. The high-ups are still pissed at her, and this is a punitive measure."[121]Prior to the incident, Damita Jowas expected to outsell prior release All for You.[122]Its three singles received positive reviews, but failed to achieve high chart positions, although each were predicted to perform extremely well under different circumstances.[123]Billboardreported that Damita Jo"was largely overshadowed by the Super Bowl fiasco," saying "[t]he three singles it spawned were blacklisted by pop radio—they were also the album's biggest highlights—the electronic guitar studded "Just a Little While", Motown-influenced "I Want You" and the funky, heavily dance orientated "All Nite (Don't Stop)".[124]"I Want You" was certified platinum and received a Grammynomination.[125]
For the album's promotion, Jackson appeared as a host on Saturday Night Live, performing two songs, and was also a guest star on sitcom Will & Grace, portraying herself.[126]Jackson received several career accolades upon the album's release, including the "Legend Award" at the Radio Music Awards, "Inspiration Award" from the Japan Video Music Awards, "Lifetime Achievement Award" at the Soul Train Music Awards, and a Teen Choice Awardsnomination for "Favorite Female." In November 2004, Jackson was honored as a role model by 100 Black Men of America, Inc., presented with the organization's Artistic Achievement Award saluting "a career that has gone from success to greater success'."[127]In response to criticism for honoring Jackson in light of the Super Bowl incident, the organization responded "an individual's worth can't be judged by a single moment in that person's life."[128][129]In June 2005, she was honored with a Humanitarian Award by the Human Rights Campaignand AIDS Project Los Angelesas recognition for her involvement in raising money for AIDS charities.[130]
2006–07: 20 Y.O.and Why Did I Get Married?[edit]




Jackson with the winners of the "Design Me" contest held for her ninth studio album, 20 Y.O.
Jackson began recording her ninth studio album, 20 Y.O., in 2005. She recorded with producers Dupri, Jam and Lewis for several months during the following year. The album's title was a reference to the two decades since the release of her breakthrough album Control, representing the album's "celebration of the joyful liberation and history-making musical style."[131]To promote the album, Jackson appeared in various magazines, and performed on the Today Showand Billboard Awards. Jackson's Us Weeklycover, revealing her slim figure after heavy media focus was placed on her fluctuations in weight, became the magazine's best-selling issue in history.[132]20 Y.O.was released in September 2006 and debuted at number two on the Billboard 200.[8]The album received mixed reviews, with multiple critics chastising the production and involvement of Jermaine Dupri.[133]Rolling Stonedisagreed with the album's reference to Control, saying "If we were her, we wouldn't make the comparison."[133]
Jackson's airplay and music channel blacklist remained persistent, massively affecting her chart performance and exposure.[119][134]However, lead single "Call on Me", which featured rapper Nelly, peaked at number twenty-five on the Hot 100, number one on the Hot R&B/Hip-Hop Songschart, and number six in the United Kingdom.[72]The video for the album's second single, "So Excited", was directed by Joseph Kahnand portrayed Jackson's clothes disappearing through a complex dance routine. 20 Y.O.was certified platinum by the RIAA and sold 1.2 million worldwide, also receiving a Grammynomination for Best Contemporary R&B Album.[14][135][136]After the album's release, Dupri was condemened for his production and misguidance of the album, and subsequently was removed from his position at Virgin Records.[137]Slant Magazinestated, "After promising a return to Janet's dance-pop origins, [Dupri] opted to aim for urban audiences, a colossal mistake that cost Dupri his job and, probably, Janet her deal with Virgin."[138]
Jackson was ranked the seventh richest woman in the entertainment industry by Forbes, having amassed a fortune of over $150 million.[139]In 2007, she starred opposite Tyler Perry as a psychotherapist in the film Why Did I Get Married?. It became her third consecutive film to open at number one at the box office, grossing $60 million in total.[140]Jackson's performance was prasied for its "soft authority", though also described as "charming, yet bland".[141][142]In February 2008, Jackson won an Image Awardfor "Outstanding Supporting Actress in a Motion Picture" for the role.[143]Jackson was also approached to record the lead single for the film Rush Hour 3.[144]
2008–09: Disciplineand Number Ones[edit]




Jackson performing during the Rock Witchu Tour.
Jackson signed with Island Recordsafter her contract with Virgin was fulfilled. She interrupted plans for touring and began recording with various producers, including Rodney "Darkchild" Jerkins, Tricky Stewart, and Stargate.[145]Her tenth studio album, Discipline, was released in February 2008, opening at number one.[8]Despite radio blacklisting, the album's first single "Feedback" peaked at number nineteen on the Hot 100 and nine on Pop Songs, her highest charting single since "Someone to Call My Lover".[72][146]The second single, "Rock With U", peaked at number four in the United Kingdom. Jackson was awarded the Vanguard Awardat the 19th annual GLAAD Media Awards, honoring her contributions in promoting equal rights among the gay community.[77]The organization's president commented, "Ms. Jackson has a tremendous following inside the LGBT community and out, and having her stand with us against the defamation that LGBT people still face in our country is extremely significant."[77]
Jackson's fifth concert tour, the Rock Witchu Tour, began in September 2008.[147]Jackson parted with Island Records through mutual agreement. Billboarddisclosed Jackson was dissatisfied with LA Reid's handling of the album and its promotion, saying "the label agreed to dissolve their relationship with the artist at her request."[148][149]Producer Rodney Jerkinsexpressed "I felt like it wasn't pushed correctly.... She just didn't get her just-do as an artist of that magnitude."[150]
In June 2009, Jackson's brother Michael diedat age fifty. She spoke publicly concerning his death at the 2009 BET Awards, stating "I'd just like to say, to you, Michael is an icon, to us, Michael is family. And he will forever live in all of our hearts. On behalf of my family and myself, thank you for all of your love, thank you for all of your support. We miss him so much."[151]In an interview, she revealed she had first learned of his death while filming Why Did I Get Married Too?. Amidst mourning with her family, she focused on work to deal with the grief, avoiding any news coverage of her sibling's death. She commented, "it's still important to face reality, and not that I'm running, but sometimes you just need to get away for a second."[152]During this time, she ended her seven-year relationship with Jermaine Dupri.[152]Several months later, Jackson performed a tribute to Michael at the 2009 MTV Video Music Awards, performing their duet "Scream".[153]MTV stated "there was no one better than Janet to anchor it and send a really powerful message."[154]The performance was lauded by critics, with Entertainment Weeklyaffirming the rendition "as energetic as it was heartfelt".[155]
Jackson's second hits compilation, Number Ones,was released in November 2009. For promotion, she performed a medley of hits at the American Music Awards, Capital FM's Jingle Bell Ballat London's O2 arena, and The X-Factor.[156][157]The album's promotional single "Make Me", produced with Rodney "Darkchild" Jerkins, debuted in September.[158]It became Jackson's nineteenth number one on the Hot Dance Club Songschart, making her the first artist to have number-one singles in four separate decades.[159]Later that month, Jackson chaired the inaugural benefit of amfAR, The Foundation for AIDS Research, held in Milanin conjunction with fashion week. The foundation's CEO stated "We are profoundly grateful to Janet Jackson for joining amfAR as a chair of its first event in Milan.... She brings incomparable grace and a history of dedication to the fight against AIDS."[160]The event raised a total of $1.1 million for the nonprofit organization.
2010–present: Film projects, True You, concert tour, and philanthropy[edit]
In April 2010, Jackson reprised her role in the sequel to Why Did I Get Married?titled Why Did I Get Married Too?. The film opened at number two, grossing sixty million in total.[161]Jackson's performance was hailed as "invigorating and oddly funny", and praised for her "willingness to be seen at her most disheveled".[162][163]Her performance earned an Image Awardfor "Outstanding Actress in a Motion Picture".[164]Jackson recorded the film's theme, "Nothing", released as a promotional single.[165]The song was performed on the ninth seasonfinale of American Idolalong with "Again" and "Nasty".[166]In July, Jackson modeled for the Blackglamaclothing line featuring minkfur.[167]Jackson then helped design a signature line of clothing and accessories for Blackglama, to be sold at Saks Fifth Avenueand Bloomingdales.[168]Universal Music released the hits compilation Icon: Number Onesas the debut of the Iconcompilation series.
In November 2010, Jackson starred as Joanna in the drama For Colored Girls, the film adaptation of Ntozake Shange's 1975 play For Colored Girls Who Have Considered Suicide When the Rainbow Is Enuf. The Wall Street Journalstated Jackson "recites verses written by Ntozake Shange, the author of the play that inspired the film ... But instead of offering up a mannered coffeehouse reading of the lines, Jackson makes the words sound like ordinary—though very eloquent—speech."[169]Jackson's portrayal the film was likened to Meryl Streepas Miranda Priestlyin The Devil Wears Prada.[170][171]Her performance earned Black Reel Awardsnominations in the categories of Outstanding Supporting Actressand Outstanding Ensemble.[172]




Jackson performing during the Number Ones, Up Close and Personaltour.
Jackson announced plans to embark on her largest world tour in support of her second hits collection, Number Ones.[173]The tour, entitled Number Ones, Up Close and Personal, held concerts in thirty-five global cities, selected by fans who submitted suggestions on her official website.[173][173]During the tour, Jackson performed thirty-five number one hits and dedicated a song to each city.[173]Mattelreleased a limited-edition Barbieof Jackson titled "Divinely Janet", auctioned for over $15,000, with proceeds donated to Project Angel Food.[174]Jackson released the self-helpbook True You: A Journey to Finding and Loving Yourselfin February 2011, co-written with David Ritz. It chronicled her struggle with weight and confidence, also publishing letters from fans. It topped The New York Times??'?Best Seller listthe following month.[175]Additionally, she signed a film production contract with Lions Gate Entertainmentto "select, develop and produce a feature film for the independent studio."[176]
Jackson became the first female pop singer to perform at the I. M. Peiglass pyramid at the Louvre Museum, raising contributions for the restoration of iconic artwork.[177][178]Jackson was selected to endorse fashion line Blackglamafor a second year, being the first celebrity in the line's history chosen to do so.[179]She partnered with the label to release a fifteen-piece collection of luxury products.[180]In 2012, Jackson endorsed Nutrisystem, sponsoring their weight-loss program after struggling with weight fluctuations in the past.[181]With the program, she donated ten million dollars in meals to the hungry.[181]She was honored by amfAR for her contributions to AIDS research when chairing the Cinema Against AIDS gala during the Cannes Film Festival.[182]She also participated in a public service announcement for UNICEFto help starving children.[183]In February 2013, Jackson announced she was married to her third husband, Qataribillionaire Wissam Al Mana, during a private ceremony the previous year.[184]
On May 15, 2015, Jackson announced plans to release a new album and to embark on a world concert tour.[185][186]
Artistry[edit]
Music and voice[edit]
Jackson has a sopranovocal range.[187]Over the course of her career, she has received frequent criticism for the limits of her vocal capabilities, especially in comparison to contemporary artists such as Whitney Houston and Mariah Carey.[188]In comparing her vocal technique to Houston and Aretha Franklin, vocal coach Roger Love states that "[w]hen Janet sings, she allows a tremendous amount of air to come through. She's obviously aiming for a sexy, sultry effect, and on one level that works nicely. But actually, it's fairly limited." He adds that while her voice is suitable for studio recording, it doesn't translate well to stage because despite having "great songs, incredible dancing, and her star like presence, the live show is still magnificent. But the voice is not the star."[189]Biographer David Ritz commented, "on Janet's albums—and in her videos and live performances, which revealed a crisp, athletic dance technique [...] singing wasn't the point," saying emphasis was placed on "her slamming beats, infectious hooks, and impeccable production values."[44]Eric Henderson of Slant magazineclaimed critics opposing her small voice "somehow missed the explosive 'gimme a beat' vocal pyrotechnics she unleashes all over 'Nasty' ... Or that they completely dismissed how perfect her tremulous hesitance fits into the abstinence anthem 'Let's Wait Awhile'."[190]Classical composer Louis Andriessenhas praised Jackson for her "rubato, sense of rhythm, sensitivity, and the childlike quality of her strangely erotic voice."[191]Several critics also consider her voice to often be enveloped within her music's production. Music critic J. D. Considinenoted "on albums, Jackson's sound isn't defined by her voice so much as by the way her voice is framed by the lush, propulsive production of Jimmy Jam and Terry Lewis."[192]Wendy Robinson of PopMatterssaid "the power of Janet Jackson's voice does not lie in her pipes. She doesn't blow, she whispers ... Jackson's confectionary vocals are masterfully complemented by gentle harmonies and balanced out by pulsing rhythms, so she's never unpleasant to listen to."[193]Matthew Perpetus of Fluxblogsuggested Jackson's vocal techniques as a study for indie rockmusic, considering it to possess "a somewhat subliminal effect on the listener, guiding and emphasizing dynamic shifts without distracting attention from its primal hooks." Perpetus added: "Her voice effortlessly transitions from a rhythmic toughness to soulful emoting to a flirty softness without overselling any aspect of her performance ... a continuum of emotions and attitudes that add up to the impression that we're listening to the expression of a fully-formed human being with contradictions and complexities."[194]




"Black Cat" (1989)







Written solely by Jackson, "Black Cat" was recorded using a mixture of Rockman and Marshall amplifier to give it a heavy metalsound. The song's lyrics convey a stance against substance abuse.

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Jackson's music has encompassed a broad range of genres with contemporary pop, including R&B, dance, rock, hip-hop, soul, house, and industrial music. The diversity within Jackson's discography has influenced subsequent stylistic albums in contemporary pop.[195][196]Qadree EI-Amin, Jackson's former personal manager, commented, "she's bigger than Barbra Streisandbecause Streisand can't appeal to the street crowd as Janet does. But Streisand's rich, elite crowd loves Janet Jackson."[197]Her records from the 1980s have been described as being influenced by Prince, as her producers are ex-members of The Time.[198]Sal Cinquemani wrote that in addition to defining Top 40radio, she "gave Prince's Minneapolis sounda distinctly feminine—and, with songs like 'What Have You Done for Me Lately?,' 'Nasty,' 'Control,' and 'Let's Wait Awhile,' a distinctly feminist—spin."[199]On Control, Richard J. Ripani documented that she, Jam and Lewis had "crafted a new sound that fuses the rhythmic elements of funk and disco, along with heavy doses of synthesizers, percussion, sound effects, and a rap music sensibility."[24]Author Rickey Vincentstated that she has often been credited for redefining the standard of popular music with the industrial-strength beats of the album.[200]She is considered a trendsetter in pop balladry, with Richard Rischar stating "the black pop ballad of the mid-1980s had been dominated by the vocal and production style that was smooth and polished, led by singers Whitney Houston, Janet Jackson, and James Ingram."[201]Jackson continued her musical development by blending contemporary pop and urban music with elements of hip-hop in the nineties. This included a softer representation, articulated by lush, soulful ballads and up-tempo dance beats.[202]She has been described as "an artist who has reshaped the sound and image of rhythm and blues" within the first decade of her career.[203]Critic Karla Peterson remarked that "she is a sharp dancer, an appealing performer, and as 'That's the Way Love Goes' proves—an ace pop-song writer."[204]Selected material from the following decade has been viewed less favorably, as Sal Cinquemani comments "except for maybe R.E.M., no other former superstar act has been as prolific with such diminishing commercial and creative returns."[199]
Jackson has changed her lyrical focus over the years, becoming the subject of analysis in musicology, African American studies, and gender studies.[205][206]David Ritz compared Jackson's musical style to Marvin Gaye's, stating, "like Marvin, autobiography seemed the sole source of her music. Her art, also like Marvin's, floated over a reservoir of secret pain."[207]Much of her success has been attributed to "a series of powerful, metallic grooves; her chirpy, multi-tracked vocals; and a lyrical philosophy built on pride and self-knowledge."[208]Ritz also stated, "The mystery is the low flame that burns around the perimeters of Janet Jackson's soul. The flame feeds off the most highly combustible elements: survival and ambition, caution and creativity, supreme confidence and dark fear."[207]During the 1980s, her lyrics embodied self-actualization, feminist principles, and politically driven ideology.[206][209]Gillian G. Gaar, author of She's a Rebel: The History of Women in Rock & Roll(2002), described Controlas "an autobiographical tale about her life with her parents, her first marriage, and breaking free."[12]Encyclopedia of African American Popular Culture(2010) author Jessie Carney Smith wrote "with that album, she asserted her independence, individuality, and personal power. She challenged audiences to see her as a transformed person, from an ingénueto a grow-up, multi-talented celebrity."[210]Referring to Rhythm Nation 1814as an embodiment of hope, Timothy E. Scheurer, author of Born in the USA: The Myth of America in Popular Music from Colonial Times to the Present(2007) wrote "It may remind some of Sly Stoneprior to There's a Riot Going Onand other African-American artists of the 1970s in its tacit assumption that the world imagined by Dr. Kingis still possible, that the American Dream is a dream for all people."[211]
On Janet, Jackson began focusing on sexual themes. Shayne Lee, author of Erotic Revolutionaries: Black Women, Sexuality, and Popular Culture(2010), wrote that her music over the following decade "brand[ed] her as one of the most sexually stimulating vocalists of the 1990s."[212]In You've Come A Long Way, Baby: Women, Politics, and Popular Culture(1996), Lilly J. Goren observed "Jackson's evolution from politically aware musician to sexy diva marked the direction that society and the music industry were encouraging the dance-rock divas to pursue."[209]The Washington Postdeclared Jackson's public image over the course of her career had shifted "from innocence to experience, inspiring such carnal albums as 1993's 'Janet' and 1997's 'The Velvet Rope', the latter of which explored the bonds—figuratively and literally—of love and lust."[213]The song "Free Xone" from The Velvet Rope, which portrays same-sex relationshipsin a positive light, is described by sociologist Shayne Lee as "a rare incident in which a popular black vocalist explores romantic or sensual energy outside the contours of heteronormativity, making it a significant song in black sexual politics."[212]During promotion for Janet, she stated "I love feeling deeply sexual—and don't mind letting the world know. For me, sex has become a celebration, a joyful part of the creative process."[23]Upon the release of Damita Jo, Jackon stated "Beginning with the earlier albums, exploring—and liberating—my sexuality has been an ongoing discovery and theme," adding "As an artist, that's not only my passion, it's my obligation."[214]Stephen Thomas Erlewine has found Jackson's consistent inclusion of sex in her music lacking ingenuity, especially in comparisons to other artists such as Prince, stating "while sex indisputably fuels much great pop music, it isn't an inherently fascinating topic for pop music—as with anything, it all depends on the artist."[215]
Videos and stage[edit]
Jackson drew inspiration for her music videos and performances from musicals she watched in her youth, and was heavily influenced by the choreography of Fred Astaireand Michael Kidd, among others.[216]Throughout her career, she has worked with and brought numerous professional choreographers to prominence, such as Tina Landon, Paula Abdul, and Michael Kidd.[217]Veronica Chambers declared, "Her impact on pop music is undeniable and far-reaching," adding, "A quick glance at the Billboardchart reveals any number of artists cast in the Janet Jackson mold." Chambers observed numerous videos which "features not only Ms. Jackson's dancers but choreography and sets remarkably like those she has used."[218]Janine Coveney of Billboardobserved that "Jackson's musical declaration of independence [Control] launched a string of hits, an indelible production sound, and an enduring image cemented by groundbreaking video choreography and imagery that pop vocalists still emulate."[131]Ben Hogwood of MusicOMHapplauded the "huge influence she has become on younger pretenders to her throne," most notably Britney Spears, Jennifer Lopezand Christina Aguilera.[219]Qadree EI-Amin remarked that many pop artists "pattern their performances after Janet's proven dance-diva persona."[197]




Jackson (center) performing in the music video for "Rhythm Nation" surrounded by male and female dancers in militant unisex attire.
Beretta E. Smith-Shomade, author of Shaded Lives: African-American Women and Television(2002), wrote that "Jackson's impact on the music video sphere came largely through music sales successes, which afforded her more visual liberties and control. This assuming of control directly impacted the look and content of her music videos, giving Jackson an agency not assumed by many other artists—male or female, Black or White."[220]Parallel Lines: Media Representations of Dance(1993) documents that her videos have often been reminiscent of live concerts or elaborate musical theater.[221]Multiculturalismhas also been a cornerstone of her videography.[222]The militant iconography of "Rhythm Nation" signifies a need for both racial and gender equality, as she and her dancers perform in identical uniforms while Jackson "is performing asexually and almost anonymously in front of, but as one of the members of the group."[223]Videos such as "If"—which "[exudes a] 'Last Emperor' lust and mystery"—and "Runaway" draw cultural influences from the orient.[224][225]Others, such as "Got 'til It's Gone" and "Together Again", explore African roots and the serengeti.[226][227]Her music videos have also found rapport within the gay community; the dramatic imagery in "Rhythm Nation" led to reenactments of the video in gay clubs, while her video for "Love Will Never Do (Without You)" is said to explore the aesthetic of the male body from both the heterosexual female and gay male perspective.[228][229]She has received the MTV Video Vanguard Awardfor her contributions to the art form, and became the first recipient of the MTV Icontribute, celebrating her impact on the music industry as a whole. In 2003, Slant Magazinenamed "Rhythm Nation" and "Got 'til It's Gone" among the 100 Greatest Music Videos of all time, ranked at number 87 and number 10, respectively.[230][231]In 2011, "Rhythm Nation" was voted the tenth best music video of the 1980s by Billboard.[232]
Her music videos have contributed to a higher degree of sexual freedom among young women, as Jean M. Twenge, author of Generation Me: Why Today's Young Americans are More Confident, Assertive, Entitled—and More Miserable Than Ever Before(2007), wrote "In Alfred Kinsey's studies in the 1950s, only 3% of the young women had received oral sex from a man. By the mid-1990s, however, 75% of women aged 18-24 had experienced cunnilingus. Music videos by female artists have contributed to the trend," with Jackson "heavily implying male-on-female oral sex in music videos by pushing down on a man's head until he's in exactly the right position."[233]Similarly, Paula Kamen in Her Way: Young Women Remake the Sexual Revolution(2000) states that "[i]n the early to mid-1990s, oral sex even reached mainstream music as politically charged demand of truly liberated women," citing Jackson as a prime example of a female artist simulating cunnilingus in her videos.[234]However, accusations of cosmetic surgery, skin lightening, and increasingly hypersexual imagery have led to her being viewed as conforming to a white, male-dominated view of sexuality, rather than liberating herself or others.[220]
The Independentwriter Nicholas Barber stated "Janet's concerts are the pop equivalent of a summer blockbuster movie, with all the explosions, special effects, ersatz sentimentality, gratuitous cleavage and emphasis on spectacle over coherence that the term implies."[235]Jetmagazine reported "Janet's innovative stage performances during her world tours have won her a reputation as a world-class performer."[236]Chris Willman of Los Angeles Timesstated the "enthralling" choreography of Jackson's Rhythm Nation 1814 Tour "represents the pinnacle of what can be done in the popping 'n' locking style—a rapid-fire mixture of rigidly jerky and gracefully fluid movements."[237]When Jackson was asked "do you understand it when people talk about [The Velvet Rope Tour] in terms of Broadway?", she responded, "I'm crazy about Broadway ... That's what I grew up on."[78]Her "Number Ones: Up Close and Personal" tour deviated from the full-scale theatrics found in her previous concert arena settings in favor of smaller venues. Critics noted being scaled down did not affect the impact of her showmanship, and in some cases, enhanced it. Greg Kot of the Chicago Tribunewrote, "In past tours, Jackson's thin voice was often swallowed up by the sheer size of her production ... In the more scaled-down setting, Jackson brought a warmth and a passion that wasn't always evident in stadiums ... the best Janet Jackson performance I've covered in 20-plus years."[238]
Thor Christensen of The Dallas Morning Newsreported Jackson often lip syncsin concert; he wrote: "Janet Jackson—one of pop's most notorious onstage lip-syncers—conceded ... she uses 'some' taped vocals to augment her live vocals. But she refused to say what percentage of her concert 'voice' is taped and how much is live."[239]Michael MacCambridge of the Austin American-Statesman, who reviewed Jackson's Rhythm Nation World Tour, described lip-syncing as a "moot point", stating "Jackson was frequently singing along with her own pre-recorded vocals, to achieve a sound closer to radio versions of singles."[240]MacCambridge also observed "it seemed unlikely that anyone—even a prized member of the First Family of Soul Music—could dance like she did for 90 minutes and still provide the sort of powerful vocals that the '90s super concerts are expected to achieve."[240]Similarly, Chris Willman commented, "even a classically trained vocalist would be hard-pressed to maintain any sort of level of volume—or, more appropriately, 'Control'—while bounding up and down stairs and whipping limbs in unnatural directions at impeccable, breakneck speed."[237]Critics observed that in the smaller scale of her "Number Ones: Up Close and Personal" tour, she forewent lip-syncing.[241]Chris Richards of The Washington Poststated "even at its breathiest, that delicate voice hasn't lost the laserlike precision."[242]He complemented her physically strenuous performance, stating "go on, Janet. Let 'em see you sweat. Because in a 21st-century popscape where concerts are driven by spectacle, we need to know that beneath all of the sci-fi costumes, strobe lights and Auto-Tune, we're still witnessing a performance by the living, breathing, profusely sweating human being whose name is stamped on the tickets we just emptied our wallets for."[242]
Influences[edit]
Jackson describes Lena Horneas a profound inspiration, for entertainers of several generations as well as herself. Upon Horne's death, she stated "[Horne] brought much joy into everyone's lives—even the younger generations, younger than myself. She was such a great talent. She opened up such doors for artists like myself."[243]Similarly, she considers Dorothy Dandridgeto be one of her idols.[244]Jackson has declared herself "a very big Joni Mitchellfan", explaining "As a kid I was drawn to Joni Mitchell records [...] Joni's songs spoke to me in an intimate, personal way."[245][246]She holds reference for Tina Turner, stating "Tina has become a heroic figure for many people, especially women, because of her tremendous strength. Personally, Tina doesn't seem to have a beginning or an end in my life. I felt her music was always there, and I feel like it always will be."[247]She has also named other socially conscious acts, such as Tracy Chapman, Sly and the Family Stone, U2, and Bob Dylanas sources of inspiration.[12][248]In her early career, Jackson credited her brothers Michael and Jermaine as musical influences.[207]According to Rolling Stone, other artists attributed as influences are The Ronettes, Dionne Warwick, Tammi Terrell, and Diana Ross.[249]
Legacy[edit]
See also: List of awards and nominations received by Janet Jackson, Janet Jackson as gay iconand Artists influenced by Janet Jackson
The youngest sister of the "precious Jackson clan",[250]Janet Jackson has striven to distance her professional career from that of her older brother Michael and the rest of the Jackson family. Steve Dollar of Newsdaywrote that "[s]he projects that home girl-next-door quality that belies her place as the youngest sibling in a family whose inner and outer lives have been as poked at, gossiped about, docudramatized and hard-copied as the Kennedys."[251]Phillip McCarthy of The Sydney Morning Heraldnoted that throughout her recording career, one of her common conditions for interviewers has been that there would be no mention of Michael.[252]Joshua Klein wrote, "[f]or the first half of her recording career, Janet Jackson sounded like an artist with something to prove. Emerging in 1982 just as big brother Michael was casting his longest shadow, Jackson filled her albums not so much with songs as with declarations, from 'The Pleasure Principle' to the radical-sounding 'Rhythm Nation' to the telling statement of purpose, 'Control'."[213]Steve Huey of Allmusic asserted that despite being born into a family of entertainers, Janet Jackson has managed to emerge a "superstar" in her own right, rivaling not only several female recording artists including Madonna and Whitney Houston, but also her brother, while "successfully [shifting] her image from a strong, independent young woman to a sexy, mature adult."[253]By forging her own unique identity through her artistry and her business ventures, she has been esteemed as the "Queen of Pop".[46][254]Klein argued that "stardom was not too hard to predict, but few could have foreseen that Janet—Miss Jackson, if you're nasty—would one day replace Michael as true heir to the Jackson family legacy.".[213]




Jackson performing on Number Ones, Up Close and Personal.
She has also been recognized for playing a pivotal role in crossing racial boundaries in the recording industry, where black artists were once considered to be substandard.[255]In Right to Rock: The Black Rock Coalition and the Cultural Politics of Race(2004), author Maureen Mahon states: "In the 1980s, Whitney Houston, Michael Jackson, Janet Jackson, and Prince were among the African American artists who crossed over ... When black artists cross over into pop success they cease to be black in the industry sense of the word. They get promoted from racialized black music to universal pop music in an economically driven process of racial transcendence."[256]Routledge International Encyclopedia of Women: Global Women's Issues and Knowledge(2000) documented that Jackson, along with other prominent African-American women, had achieved financial breakthroughs in mainstream popular music, receiving "superstar status" in the process.[42]She, alongside her contemporaries "offered viable creative, intellectual, and business paths for establishing and maintaining agency, lyrical potency, marketing and ownership."[257]Her business savvy has been compared to that of Madonna, gaining a level of autonomy which enables "creative latitude and access to financial resources and mass-market distribution."[258][259]A model of reinvention, author Jessie Carney Smith wrote that "Janet has continued to test the limits of her transformative power", receiving accolades in music, film and concert tours throughout the course of her career.[210]
Musicologist Richard J. Ripani identified Jackson as a leader in the development of contemporary R&B, as her music created a unique blend of genre and sound effects which ushered in the use of rap vocals into mainstream R&B.[24]He also argues her signature song"Nasty" influenced the new jack swing genre developed by Teddy Riley.[24]Leon McDermott of the Sunday Heraldwrote: "Her million-selling albums in the 1980s helped invent contemporary R&B through Jimmy Jam and Terry Lewis's muscular, lean production; the sinuous grooves threaded through 1986's Control and 1989's Rhythm Nation 1814 are the foundation upon which today's hot shot producers and singers rely."[260]Den Berry, Virgin Records CEO and Chairman stated: "Janet is the very embodiment of a global superstar. Her artistic brilliance and personal appeal transcend geographic, cultural and generational boundaries."[261]In July 1999, she placed at number 77 on VH1's "100 Greatest Women of Rock and Roll".[262]She also placed at number 134 on their list of the "200 Greatest Pop Culture Icons of All Time",[263]number seven on the "100 Greatest Women In Music",[264]and at number two on the "50 Greatest Women of the Video Era", behind Madonna.[265]In March 2008, Business Wirereported "Janet Jackson is one of the top ten selling artists in the history of contemporary music; ranked by Billboardmagazine as the ninth most successful act in rock and roll history, and the second most successful female artist in pop music history."[266]She is the only female artist in the history of the Hot 100 to have 18 consecutive top ten hit singles, from "Miss You Much" (1989) to "I Get Lonely" (1998).[267]The magazine ranked her at number seven on their Hot 100 50th Anniversary "All-Time Top Artists", making her the third most successful female artist in the history of the chart, following Madonna and Mariah Carey.[268]In November 2010, Billboardreleased its "Top 50 R&B / Hip-Hop Artists of the Past 25 Years" list and ranked her at number five.[269]She ranks as the top artist on the chart with 15 number ones in the past twenty-five years, garnering 27 top ten hits between 1985 and 2001, and 33 consecutive top 40 hits from 1985 through 2004.[269]The most awarded artist in the history of the BillboardMusic Awardswith 33 wins, she is one an elite group of musical acts, such as Madonna, Aerosmith, Garth Brooksand Eric Clapton, whom Billboardcredits for "redefining the landscape of popular music."[267][270]In November 2014, Jackson was voted 'Queen of Pop' by a poll conducted online by VH1.com.[271]
Jackson's music and choreography have inspired numerous performers. Virgin Records executive Lee Trink expressed: "Janet is an icon and historic figure in our culture. She's one of those gifted artists that people look up to, that people emulate, that people want to believe in ... there's not that many superstars that stand the test of time."[131]Sarah Rodman of the Boston Heraldremarked: "For every hand-fluttering, overwrought, melismaaddict out there aping Mariah's dog calls, there's an equal number trying to match Jackson's bubbling grooves and fancy footwork, including Britney, Aaliyahand Destiny's Child."[272]Music critic Gene Stout commented she "has so broadly influenced a younger generation of performers, from Jennifer Lopez ... to Britney Spears, who has copied so many of Jackson's dance moves."[273]'N Syncand Usherhave credited her for teaching them how to develop stage show into theatrical performance.[274][275]Beyoncé Knowles,[276]Toni Braxton,[277]Aaliyah,[278]Britney Spears,[279]Christina Aguilera,[280]Crystal Kay,[281]Kelly Rowland,[282]Rihanna,[283]and Brazilian singer Kelly Key[284]have all named her as one of their biggest inspirations, while others such as Rozonda "Chilli" Thomasof TLC,[285]Cassie,[286]Nicki Minaj,[287]Keri Hilson,[288]and DJ/singer Havana Brown,[289]have all expressed desire to emulate her. Elysa Gardner of USA Todaywrote: "Jackson claims not to be bothered by the brigade of barely post-adolescent baby divas who have been inspired by—and, in some cases, have flagrantly aped—the sharp, animated choreography and girlish but decidedly post-feministfeistiness that have long been hallmarks of her performance style."[290]Those who are considered to have followed in her footsteps have been referred to as "Janet-come-lately's."[291][292]Other artists who have drawn comparison to her include Mýa,[293]Brandy,[294]Tatyana Ali,[295]Christina Milian,[296]Lady Gaga,[297]Namie Amuro,[298]and BoA.[299]Sociologist Shayne Lee commented that "[a]s Janet enters the twilight of her reign as erotic Queen of Pop, Beyoncé Knowles emerges as her likely successor."[212]Joan Morgan of Essencemagazine remarked: "Jackson's Control, Rhythm Nation 1814and janet.established the singer-dancer imprimatur standard in pop culture we now take for granted. So when you're thinking of asking Miss Jackson, 'What have you done for me lately?' remember that Britney, Ciara and Beyoncé live in the house that Janet built."[300]
Discography[edit]
Main article: Janet Jackson discography
Janet Jackson(1982)
Dream Street(1984)
Control(1986)
Janet Jackson's Rhythm Nation 1814(1989)
janet.(1993)
The Velvet Rope(1997)
All for You(2001)
Damita Jo(2004)
20 Y.O.(2006)
Discipline(2008)
Filmography[edit]
See also: Janet Jackson videography
Poetic Justice(1993)
Nutty Professor II: The Klumps(2000)
Why Did I Get Married?(2007)
Why Did I Get Married Too?(2010)
For Colored Girls(2010)
Tours[edit]
Rhythm Nation World Tour(1990)
Janet World Tour(1993–95)
The Velvet Rope Tour(1998–99)
All for You Tour(2001–02)
Rock Witchu Tour(2008)
Number Ones, Up Close and Personal World Tour(2011)
Books[edit]
True You: A Journey to Finding and Loving Yourself(2011)
See also[edit]
Book icon Book: Janet Jackson

Honorific nicknames in popular music
List of best-selling music artists
List of best-selling music artists in the United States
List of artists who reached number one in the United States


Janet Jackson.jpgJanet Jackson portal
Michael and Janet Jackson collection.jpgThe Jackson Family portal


References[edit]
Footnotes[edit]
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280.Jump up ^Dominguez, Pier (2003), Christina Aguilera: A Star is Made : The Unauthorized Biography, Amber Books Publishing, p. 26, ISBN 978-0-9702224-5-9
281.Jump up ^"Now Hear This Yokohama-based teen pop singer among the promising", Asahi Evening News, 2003-01-01: 1, ISSN 0025-2816
282.Jump up ^"Five Minutes With: Kelly Rowland", Lincolnshire Echo, 2010-07-01: 11
283.Jump up ^Collins, Hattie (2009-11-29), "Janet Jackson on surviving the family circus and missing Michael", The Sunday Times(UK), retrieved 2009-11-28
284.Jump up ^"Kelly Key busca o sucesso de Christina Aguilera, Jennifer Lopez, Britney Spears, Madonna e Janet Jackson". Universo Musical. Retrieved January 7,2012.
285.Jump up ^Sonia Murray (1999-07-12), "TLC: Struggling in the Spotlightnot", Austin American-Statesman: E.1
286.Jump up ^Bobbin, Jay (2006-08-09), "Imitation nation ; World of pop music filled with copycats", Chicago Tribune: 54, ISSN 1085-6706
287.Jump up ^Jessica Herndon (2010-12-06), "Nicki Minaj's Top 5 Style Idols", People74(21): 58, ISSN 0093-7673
288.Jump up ^Keri Hilson — Keri Hilson Respects Tlc's Image, Contactmusic.com, 2011-06-06, retrieved 2011-06-06
289.Jump up ^Lauren Alpe (2011-06-13), Interview — Havana Brown, MTV News, retrieved 2011-06-13
290.Jump up ^Elysa Gardner (2000-07-28), "Luscious Jackson", USA Today: 1.E, ISSN 0734-7456
291.Jump up ^While her vocal skills are at least as decent as Britney Spears and the other Janet-come-latelys, it's Jackson's skills as an entertainer—and commanding stage presence—that make her so deserving of the spotlight. Gemma Tarlach (2001-10-17), "Janet Jackson takes her place as Queen of Pop", Milwaukee Journal Sentinel: 12.B
292.Jump up ^Most disappointing was crunk princess Ciara. The Janet-come-lately and her octet of dance-floor acrobats moved with ferocious elegance to tracks like 'Goodies,' but the singer had glaring microphone problems when she spoke—tediously, about the 'importance' of her upcoming sophomore album. Sarah Rodman (2006-10-31), "MonsterJam Lacks Star Power", Boston Globe: E.7, ISSN 0743-1791
293.Jump up ^Chuck Taylor (2000-11-18), "Mya: For Free", Billboard112(47): 1, ISSN 0006-2510
294.Jump up ^Afrodisiac > Overview, Allmusic, 2006, retrieved 2009-02-22
295.Jump up ^Kiss the Sky > Overview, Allmusic, 2006, retrieved 2009-02-22
296.Jump up ^Barry Walters (July 2004), "It's About Time", Rolling Stone: 120, ISSN 0035-791X
297.Jump up ^Kyle Anderson (2010-09-10), Lady Gaga Just Like 'Madonna And Janet Jackson,' Says Mark Ronson, MTV, retrieved 2011-06-08
298.Jump up ^Kishin Shinoyama (Oct 2000), "Tokyo glamorama", Harper's Bazaar: 312
299.Jump up ^"Korean Pop Star BoA Prepares U.S. Takeover", Rap-Up, retrieved 2011-04-19
300.Jump up ^Joan Morgan (August 2010), "Before Sunset", Essence: 106
Sources[edit]
Brackett, Nathan. Hoard, Christian David. The New Rolling Stone Album Guide. Simon & Schuster, 2004. ISBN 0-7432-0169-8
Cornwell, Jane. Janet Jackson. Carlton Books, 2002. ISBN 1-84222-464-6
Cullen, Jim. Popular Culture in American History. Blackwell Publishing, 2001. ISBN 0-631-21958-7
Cutcher, Jenai. Feel the Beat: Dancing in Music Videos. The Rosen Publishing Group, 2003. ISBN 0-8239-4558-8
Dean, Maury. Rock-N-Roll Gold Rush. Algora Publishing, 2003. ISBN 0-87586-207-1
DeCurtis, Anthony. Present tense: rock & roll and culture. Duke University Press, 1992. ISBN 978-0-8223-1265-9
Gaar, Gillian G. She's a rebel: the history of women in rock & roll. Seal Press, 2002. ISBN 1-58005-078-6
Gates, Henry Louis. Appiah, Anthony. Africana: The Encyclopedia of the African and African American. Basic Civitas Books, 1999. ISBN 0-465-00071-1
Goren, Lilly. You've Come A Long Way, Baby: Women, Politics, and Popular Culture. University Press of Kentucky, 2009. ISBN 978-0-8131-2544-2
Halstead, Craig. Cadman, Chris. Jacksons Number Ones. Authors On Line, 2003. ISBN 0-7552-0098-5
Jaynes, Gerald David. Encyclopedia of African American Society. Sage Publications, 2005. ISBN 0-7619-2764-6
Kramarae, Cheris. Spender, Dale. Routledge International Encyclopedia of Women: Global Women's Issues and Knowledge. Routledge, 2000. ISBN 0-415-92091-4
Mitoma, Judy. Mitoma, Judith. Zimmer, Elizabeth. Stieber, Dale Ann. Heinonen, Nelli. Shaw, Norah Zuniga. Envisioning dance on film and video. Routledge, 2002. ISBN 0-415-94171-7
Reynolds, Simon. Press, Joy. The Sex Revolts: Gender, Rebellion, and Rock 'n' Roll. Harvard University Press, 1996. ISBN 978-0-674-80273-5
Ripani, Richard J. The New Blue Music: Changes in Rhythm & Blues, 1950–1999University Press of Mississippi, 2006. ISBN 1-57806-862-2
Smith, Jessie Carney. Notable Black American Women, Volume 2. Gale, 1996. ISBN 978-0-8103-9177-2
Starr, Larry. Waterman, Christopher Alan. American Popular Music: The Rock Years. Oxford University Press, 2006. ISBN 978-0-19-530052-9
Strong, Martin Charles. The Great Rock Discography: Complete Discographies Listing Every Track Recorded by More Than 1200 Artists. Canongate U.S., 2004. ISBN 1-84195-615-5
Vincent, Rickey. Clinton, George. Funk: The Music, The People, and The Rhythm of The One. Macmillan, 1996. ISBN 0-312-13499-1
Further reading[edit]
Bronson, Fred. The Billboard Book of Number One Hits. Billboard Books, 2003. ISBN 0-8230-7677-6
Hyatt, Wesley. The Billboard Book of Number One Adult Contemporary Hits. Billboard Books, 1999. ISBN 0-8230-7693-8
Warner, Jay. On this Day in Black Music History. Hal Leonard, 2006. ISBN 0-634-09926-4
External links[edit]
 Wikimedia Commons has media related to Janet Jackson.
Official website
Janet Jacksonat the Internet Movie Database
Janet Jacksonat AllMusic


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Janet Jackson

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For her self-titled album, see Janet Jackson (album).


 It has been suggested that Artistry of Janet Jacksonbe mergedinto this article. (Discuss) Proposed since March 2015.

Janet Jackson
Janet Jackson Number Ones Tour 2011.jpeg
Jackson performing on Number Ones, Up Close and Personal, 2011

Born
Janet Damita Jo Jackson
May 16, 1966 (age 49)
Gary, Indiana, U.S.
Other names
Janet (stage name)

Occupation
Singer·
songwriter·
dancer·
actress·
record producer·
film producer·
businesswoman·
philanthropist·
author

Years active
1973–present
Spouse(s)
James DeBarge (m. 1984–85)
René Elizondo, Jr. (m. 1991–2000)
Wissam Al Mana (m. 2012)

Musical career
Genres
Pop·
R&B·
dance

Instruments
Vocals·
keyboards

Labels
A&M·
Virgin·
Island

Website
janetjackson.com
Janet Damita Jo Jackson(born May 16, 1966) is an Americansinger, songwriter, and actress. Known for a series of sonically innovative, socially conscious and sexually provocative records, as well as elaborate stage shows, television roles, and film roles, she has been a prominent figure in popular culture for over 25 years. The youngest child of the Jackson family, she began her career with the varietytelevision series The Jacksonsin 1976 and went on to appear in other television shows throughout the 1970s and early 1980s, including Good Timesand Fame.
After signing a recording contract with A&M in 1982, she became a pop iconfollowing the release of her third studio album Control(1986). Her collaborations with record producers Jimmy Jam and Terry Lewisincorporated elements of rhythm and blues, funk, disco, rap, and industrialbeats, which led to crossover appeal in popular music. In addition to receiving recognition for the innovation in her records, choreography, music videos, and prominence on radio airplay and MTV, she was acknowledged as a role model for her socially conscious lyrics.
In 1991, she signed the first of two record-breaking, multi-million dollar contracts with Virgin Records, establishing her as one of the highest paid artists in the industry. Her debut album under the label, Janet(1993), saw her develop a public image as a sex symbolas she began to explore sexuality in her work. That same year, she appeared in her first starring film role in Poetic Justice; since then she has continued to act in feature films. By the end of the 1990s, she was named the second most successful recording artist of the decade. She has amassed an extensive catalog of hits, with singles such as "Nasty", "Rhythm Nation", "If", "That's the Way Love Goes", "Together Again" and "All for You" among her most iconic.
Having sold over 140 million records, she is ranked as one of the best-selling artistsin the history of contemporary music.[1]The Recording Industry Association of America(RIAA) lists her as the eleventh best-sellingfemale artist in the United States, with 26 million certifiedalbums.[2]In 2008, Billboardmagazine released its list of the Hot 100 All-Time Top Artists, placing her at number seven, while in 2010, ranking her fifth among the "Top 50 R&B/Hip-Hop Artists of the Past 25 Years". One of the world's most awardedartists, her longevity, records and achievements reflect her influence in shaping and redefining the scope of popular music. She has been cited as an inspiration among numerous performers.


Contents [hide]
1Life and career1.11966–85: Early life and career beginnings
1.21986–88: Control
1.31989–92: Janet Jackson's Rhythm Nation 1814
1.41993–96: Janet, Poetic Justice, and Design of a Decade
1.51997–99: The Velvet Rope
1.62000–03: Nutty Professor II: The Klumpsand All for You
1.72004–05: Super Bowl XXXVIII controversy and Damita Jo
1.82006–07: 20 Y.O.and Why Did I Get Married?
1.92008–09: Disciplineand Number Ones
1.102010–present: Film projects, True You, concert tour, and philanthropy
2Artistry2.1Music and voice
2.2Videos and stage
2.3Influences
3Legacy
4Discography
5Filmography
6Tours
7Books
8See also
9References9.1Footnotes
9.2Sources
10Further reading
11External links

Life and career[edit]
1966–85: Early life and career beginnings[edit]




Jackson (bottom row) in a 1976 CBS photo on the set of The Jacksons
Janet Jackson was born in Gary, Indiana, the youngest of ten children, to Katherine Esther(née Scruse) and Joseph Walter Jackson.[3]The Jacksons were lower-middle class and devout Jehovah's Witnesses, although Jackson would later refrain from organized religion.[4]At a young age, her brothers began performing as The Jackson 5. In March 1969, the group signed a record deal with Motown, and soon had their first number-one hit. The family then moved to the Encinoneighborhood of Los Angeles.[3]Jackson had initially desired to become a horse racing jockey or entertainment lawyer, with plans to support herself through acting. Despite this, she was anticipated to pursue a career in entertainment, and considered the idea after recording herself in the studio.[3]At age seven, Jackson performed at the Las Vegas Stripat the MGM Casino.[3]A biography revealed her father, Joseph Jackson, was emotionally withdrawn, and told her to address him solely by his first name as a child.[3]She began acting in the variety show The Jacksonsin 1976.[3]In 1977, she was selected to have a starring role as Penny Gordon Woodsin the sitcom Good Times.[3]She later starred in A New Kind of Familybefore joining the cast of Diff'rent Strokes, portraying Charlene Duprey for two years.[3]Jackson also played the recurring role of Cleo Hewitt during the fourth season of Fame, but expressed indifference towards the series.[5][6]Jackson states her ethnicity is African American and Native American.[7]
When Jackson was sixteen, she was arranged a contract with A&M Records.[3]Her debut album, Janet Jackson, was released in 1982. It was produced by Angela Winbush, René Mooreand Leon F. Sylvers III, and overseen by her father Joseph.[3]It peaked at number sixty-three on Billboard, and number six on the publication's R&B albums chart, receiving little promotion.[8]Jackson's second album, Dream Street, was released two years later.[3]Dream Streetreached one-hundred forty-seven on the Billboard200, and number nineteen on the R&B albums chart.[8]The lead single "Don't Stand Another Chance" peaked at number nine on Billboard??'?s R&B singles chart.[9]Both albums consisted primarily of bubblegum popmusic.[10]Jackson eloped with singer James DeBargein 1984, divorcing shortly afterwards, with the marriage annulled the following year.[11]
1986–88: Control[edit]




"Nasty" (1986)







"Nasty" was written as a response to an incident of sexual harassment Jackson faced during the recording of Control. The song features a triplet swing beat.

Problems playing this file? See media help.
After her second album, Jackson terminated business affairs with her family, commenting "I just wanted to get out of the house, get out from under my father, which was one of the most difficult things that I had to do."[6]Attempting a third album, Jackson teamed with producers Jimmy Jam and Terry Lewis. They set out to achieve crossover pop appeal, while also creating a strong foundation within the urbanmarket.[12]Within six weeks, Jackson and the duo crafted her third studio album, Control, released in February 1986.[13]The album peaked at number one on Billboard, and was certified fivefold platinum by the RIAA, selling over fourteen million copies worldwide.[8][14]
Controlwas declared "remarkably nervy and mature" for a teenage act, also considered "an alternative to the sentimental balladry" which permeated radio, likening Jackson to Donna Summer's position of "unwilling to accept novelty status and taking her own steps to rise above it."[15][16][17]The album spawned five top five singles, "What Have You Done for Me Lately", "Nasty", "When I Think of You", "Control", and "Let's Wait Awhile", and a top fifteen hit with "The Pleasure Principle". "When I Think of You" became her first number one hit on the Hot 100. Controlreceived six Billboard Awards, including "Top Pop Singles Artist", and three Grammynominations, most notably "Album of the Year".[18]It also won four American Music Awardsfrom twelve nominations, an unbroken record.[19][20][21]At this point, Jackson was successfully "shaking off the experience of being a shadow Jackson child", becoming "an artist in her own right".[22]
The album's lyrical content included several themes of empowerment, inspired by an incident of sexual harassment, with Jackson recalling "the danger hit home when a couple of guys started stalking me on the street ... Instead of running to Jimmy or Terry for protection, I took a stand. I backed them down. That's how songs like 'Nasty' and 'What Have You Done for Me Lately' were born, out of a sense of self-defense."[23]Its innovative fusion of dance popand industrial musicwith hip-hopand R&Bundertones influenced the development of the new jack swinggenre by bridging the gap between the latter two styles.[24]The album's music videos became infamous on MTV, also obtaining a then-unknown Paula Adbula recording contract for her choreography work with Jackson.[25]Billboardstated "[Jackson's] accessible sound and spectacularly choreographed videos were irresistible to MTV, and helped the channel evolve from rock programming to a broader, beat-driven musical mix."[13]
1989–92: Janet Jackson's Rhythm Nation 1814[edit]




"Rhythm Nation" (1989)







"Rhythm Nation" incorporates elements of dance popand industrial musicwith the full range of new jack swinggenre.

Problems playing this file? See media help.
Jackson released her fourth album, Rhythm Nation 1814, in September 1989. Although her record label desired a direct sequel to Control, Jackson chose to include a socially conscious theme among various musical styles.[26]She stated, "I know an album or a song can't change the world. I just want my music and my dance to catch the audience's attention, and to hold it long enough for them to listen to the lyrics."[27]The album's central theme of unity was developed in response to various crimes and tragedies reported in the media.[28]
Peaking at number one on the Billboard 200, the album was certified sixfold platinum by the RIAA and sold over fourteen million copies internationally.[8][14]Rolling Stoneobserved Jackson's artistic growth shifted from "personal freedom to more universal concerns—injustice, illiteracy, crime, drugs—without missing a beat."[29]The album was also considered "the exclamation point on her career", consisting of a "diverse collection of songs flowing with the natural talent Jackson possesses", which effectively "expanded Janet's range in every conceivable direction", being "more credibly feminine, more crucially masculine, more viably adult, more believably childlike."[30]With singles "Miss You Much", "Rhythm Nation", "Escapade", "Alright", "Come Back to Me", "Black Cat" and "Love Will Never Do (Without You)", it became the only album in history to produce number one hits in three separate calendar years, as well as the only album to achieve seven top five singles on the Hot 100.[31]Famous for its choreography and warehouse setting, the "Rhythm Nation" video is considered one of the most iconic and popular in history, with Jackson's military ensemble also making her a fashion icon.[32]The video for Love Will Never Do (Without You) is notable for being the first instance of Jackson's transition into sexual imagery and midriff-baring style, becoming her trademark. Rhythm Nation 1814became the highest selling album of 1990, winning a record fifteen Billboard Awards.[33][34][35]The long-form "Rhythm Nation" music video won a Grammy Award.[36]
Jackson's Rhythm Nation 1814 World Tourbecame the most successful debut tour in history and set a record for the fastest sell-out of Japan's Tokyo Dome.[37]She established the "Rhythm Nation Scholarship," donating funds from the tour to various educational programs.[38][39]Jackson became increasingly acknowledged for her cultural impact, called "a fixture on MTV and a major role model to teenage girls across the country", as well as a social leader, praised for the album's message "having positive effects" among youth.[40][41]The massive success experienced by Jackson placed her in league with Michael Jackson, Madonna, and Tina Turnerfor her achievements and influence.[42]A publication reported, "No individual or group has impacted the world of entertainment as have Michael and Janet Jackson," saying despite many imitators, few could surpass Jackson's "stunning style and dexterity."[43]In 1992, Jackson provided guest vocals on Luther Vandross's "The Best Things in Life Are Free", becoming a top ten Billboardhit and reaching the top ten internationally.[44]
1993–96: Janet, Poetic Justice, and Design of a Decade[edit]




Janet Jackson featured on an iconic cover of Rolling Stonewith the hands of her then-unknown husband René Elizondo, Jr.cupping her breasts.
Jackson fulfilled her contract with A&M Records, signing a multi-million dollar contract with Virgin Recordsestimated between thirty-two to fifty million dollars, making her the highest paid recording artist at the time.[43][45]The recording contract also established her reputation as the "Queen of Pop."[46]Jackson's fifth studio album Janet, stylized as janet.and read "Janet, period", was released in May 1993. The record opened at number one on the Billboard 200, making Jackson the first female artist in the Nielsen SoundScanera to do so.[8][47]Certified sixfold platinum by the RIAA, it sold over 20 million copies worldwide.[14][48]Janetspawned five singles and four promotional singles, receiving various certifications worldwide. Lead single "That's the Way Love Goes" won the Grammy Award for Best R&B Songand topped the BillboardHot 100 for eight consecutive weeks.[49]"Again" reached number one for three weeks, while "If" and "Any Time, Any Place" peaked in the top four. "Because of Love" and "You Want This" charted within the top ten.
The album experimented with a diverse number of genres, including deep house, swing jazz, hip hop, rock, and contemporary R&Bblended with pop, with Billboarddescribing each as being "delivered with consummate skill and passion."[50]Jackson took a larger role in songwriting and production than she did on her previous albums, explaining she found it necessary "to write all the lyrics and half of the melodies" while also speaking candidly about incorporating her sexuality into the album's content.[23]Rolling Stonewrote "[a]s princess of America's black royal family, everything Janet Jackson does is important. Whether proclaiming herself in charge of her life, as she did on Control (1986), or commander in chief of a rhythm army dancing to fight society's problems (Rhythm Nation 1814, from 1989), she's influential. And when she announces her sexual maturity, as she does on her new album, Janet., it's a cultural moment."[51]
In July 1993, Jackson made her film debut in Poetic Justice. While the film was critically panned, her performance was described as "beguiling" and "believably eccentric."[52][53]Jackson's ballad "Again", which was written for the film, received Golden Globeand Academy Awardnominations for "Best Original Song."[54][55]In September 1993, Jackson appeared topless on the cover of Rolling Stone, with her breasts covered by former husband René Elizondo, Jr. The photograph is the original version of the cropped image used on the Janetalbum cover, shot by Patrick Demarchelier.[56]The Vancouver Sunreported, "Jackson, 27, remains clearly established as both role model and sex symbol; the Rolling Stonephoto of Jackson ... became one of the most recognizable, and most lampooned, magazine covers."[57]The Janet World Tourlaunched in support of the studio album garnered criticism for Jackson's lack of vocal proficiency and spontaneity, but earned critical acclaim for her showmanship. It was described as erasing the line between "stadium-size pop music concerts and full-scale theatrical extravaganzas."[58]
During this time, her brother Michael was immersed in a child sex abuse scandal, of which he denied any wrongdoing.[59]She provided moral support, defending her brother, and denied abuse allegations regarding her parents made by her sister La Toya.[60]She collaborated with Michael Jacksonon "Scream", the lead single from his album HIStory, released 1995. The song was written by both siblings as a response to media scrutiny.[61]It debuted at number five on the Hot 100 singles chart, becoming the first song ever to debut within the top five. "Scream" is listed in Guinness World Recordsas the "Most Expensive Music Video Ever Made", costing $7 million. The clip won the 1995 Grammy Awardfor Best Short Form Music Video.[36]
Jackson's first compilation album, Design of a Decade 1986/1996, was released in 1995. It peaked at number three on the Billboard200.[8]The lead single, "Runaway", became the first song by a female artist to debut within the top ten of the Hot 100, reaching number three.[62][63]Design of a Decade 1986/1996was certified double platinum by the RIAA and sold ten million copies worldwide.[14]Jackson's influence in pop music continued to garner acclaim, as The Boston Globeremarked "If you're talking about the female power elite in pop, you can't get much higher than Janet Jackson, Bonnie Raitt, Madonna and Yoko Ono. Their collective influence ... is beyond measure. And who could dispute that Janet Jackson now has more credibility than brother Michael?"[64]Jackson renewed her contract with Virgin Records for a reported $80 million the following year.[65]The contract established her as the then-highest paid recording artist in history, surpassing the recording industry's then-unparalleled $60 million contracts earned by Michael Jackson and Madonna.[66][67][68]
1997–99: The Velvet Rope[edit]
Jackson began suffering from severe depression and anxiety, leading her to chronicle the experience in her sixth album, The Velvet Rope,released October 1997. Jackson returned with a dramatic change in image, boasting vibrant red hair, nasal piercings, and tattoos.[69]The album is primarily centered on the idea that everyone has an intrinsic need to belong. Aside from encompassing lyrics relating to social issues such as same-sex relationships, homophobiaand domestic violence, it also contains themes of sadomasochismand is considered far more sexually explicit in nature than her previous release, Janet.[6]The record was hailed as "her most daring, elaborate and accomplished album" by The New York Times, while Billboardranked it as "the best American album of the year and the most empowering of her last five."[70][71]The album debuted at number one on the Billboard 200 and was certified triple platinum, selling over ten million worldwide.[14]
Lead single "Got 'til It's Gone" was released in August 1997, featuring guest vocals from folk singer Joni Mitchelland rapper Q-Tip. The song's music video, depicting a pre-Apartheidcelebration, won the Grammy Award for Best Short Form Music Video.[36]"Together Again" became Jackson's eighth number-one hit on the BillboardHot 100, placing her on par with Elton John, Diana Ross, and The Rolling Stones.[49]It spent a record forty-six weeks on the Hot 100 and nineteen weeks on the United Kingdom's singles chart.[49]It sold six million copies worldwide, becoming one of the best-selling singlesof all time. "I Get Lonely" peaked at number three on the Hot 100, and received a Grammy nomination for Best Female R&B Vocal Performance.[72]As Jackson's eighteenth consecutive top ten hit, it made her the only female artist to garner that achievement, surpassed only by Elvis Presleyand The Beatles.[73]Several other singles were released, including "Go Deep" and ballad "Every Time", which was controversial for the nudity displayed in its music video.[74]
The album fully established Jackson as a gay iconfor its themes regarding homosexuality and protesting homophobia. "Together Again", a "post-Aids pop song", and "Free Xone", considered "a paean to homosexuality" and an "anti-homophobia track", were praised for their lyrical context, in addition to Jackson's lesbian reinterpretation of Rod Stewart's "Tonight's the Night".[75][76]The Velvet Ropereceived an award for "Outstanding Music Album" at the 9th Annual GLAAD Media Awardsand was honored by the National Black Lesbian and Gay Leadership Forum.[77]A portion of the proceeds from "Together Again" were donated to the American Foundation for AIDS Research.[49]
Jackson embarked on The Velvet Rope World Tour, traveling to Europe, North America, Asia, Africa, New Zealand, and Australia. The tour received praise for its theatrics, choreography, and Jackson's vocal performance.[78]It was likened to "the ambition and glamour of a Broadway musical", and exclaimed as "only fitting that the concert program credits her as the show's 'creator and director'."[78]The tour's HBOspecial, The Velvet Rope: Live in Madison Square Garden, garnered more than fifteen million viewers. It surpassed the ratings of all four major networks among viewers subscribed to the channel.[79]The concert won an Emmy Awardfrom a total of four nominations.[80]Jackson donated a portion of the tour's sales to America's Promise, an organization founded by Colin Powellto assist disenfranchised youth.[81]
As the tour concluded, Jackson lent guest vocals to several collaborations, including Shaggy's"Luv Me, Luv Me", used for the film How Stella Got Her Groove Back, as well as "Girlfriend/Boyfriend" with Teddy Riley's group Blackstreet, and "What's It Gonna Be?!" with Busta Rhymes. The latter two music videos are both among the most expensive music videosever produced, with "What's It Gonna Be?!" becoming a number-one hit on the BillboardHip-Hop Singlesand Hot Rap Trackscharts, reaching the top three of the Hot 100. Jackson also contributed the ballad "God's Stepchild" to the Down in the Deltasoundtrack. Jackson recorded a duet with Elton Johntitled "I Know the Truth," included on the soundtrack to Elton John and Tim Rice's Aida. At the 1999 World Music Awards, Jackson received the Legend Award for "outstanding contribution to the pop industry".[82]Billboardranked Jackson as the second most successful artist of the decade, behind Mariah Carey.[83]
2000–03: Nutty Professor II: The Klumpsand All for You[edit]
In July 2000, Jackson appeared in her second film, Nutty Professor II: The Klumps, as the role of Professor Denise Gaines, opposite Eddie Murphy. Director Peter Segalstated "Janet Jackson was a natural fit, and an obvious choice."[84]The film became her second to open at number one, grossing an estimated total of nearly $170 million worldwide.[85][86]Jackson's single "Doesn't Really Matter", used for the film's soundtrack, became her ninth number-one single on the Hot 100. The same year, Jackson's husband Rene Elizondo Jr. filed for divorce, revealing their private marriage to the public. Entertainment Weeklyreported for eight of the thirteen years she and Elizondo had been acquainted, "[they] were married—a fact they managed to hide not only from the international press but from Jackson's own father."[87]Elizondo filed a multi-million dollar lawsuit against her, estimated between $10–25 million, which did not reach a settlement for three years.[87][88]
Preceding the release of her seventh album, MTVhonored Jackson with the network's inaugural "MTV Icon" ceremony, honoring her "significant contributions to music, music video and pop culture while tremendously impacting the MTV generation." The event paid tribute to Jackson's career and influence, including commentary from Britney Spears, Jennifer Lopez, Aaliyah, and Jessica Simpson, and performances by 'N Sync, Pink, Destiny's Child, Usher, Buckcherry, and Outkast.[89]The American Music Awardsalso honored Jackson with the Award of Meritfor "her finely crafted, critically acclaimed and socially conscious, multi-platinum albums."[90]Jackson's seventh album, All for You, was released in April 2001. It opened at number one on the Billboard 200 with 605,000 copies sold, the highest first-week sales of her career, and among the highest first-week sales by a female artist in history.[8][91]The album was a return to an upbeat dance style, receiving generally positive reception. Jackson received praise for indulging in "textures as dizzying as a new infatuation", in contrast to other artists attempting to "match the angularity of hip-hop" and following trends.[92]All for Youwas certified double platinum by the RIAA and sold nine million copies worldwide.[14][93]




"All for You" (2001)







Jackson's "All for You" peaked atop the BillboardHot 100 for seven weeks.

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The album's lead single, "All for You", debuted on the Hot 100 at number fourteen, setting a record for the highest debut by a single that was not commercially available.[94]Jackson was titled "Queen of Radio" by MTVas the single made airplay history, being "added to every pop, rhythmic and urban radio station" within its first week.[94]The song broke the overall airplay debut record with a first week audience of seventy million, debuting at number nine on the Radio Songschart.[95]It topped the Hot 100 for seven weeks, also reaching the top ten in eleven countries.[96]The song received a Grammy Awardfor Best Dance Recording.[36]"Someone to Call My Lover" peaked at number three on the Hot 100.[97]Built around a sample of the iconic 1972 hit "You're So Vain" by Carly Simon, "Son of a Gun (I Betcha Think This Song Is About You)" featured Simon herself, along with Missy Elliotton remixes of the single.
In July 2001, Jackson embarked on the All for You Tour, which was also broadcast on a concert special for HBOwatched by twelve million viewers.[98]The tour traveled throughout the United States and Japan, although European and Asian dates were required to be canceled following the September 11 terrorist attacks. The Los Angeles Timescomplimented Jackson's showmanship.[99]Richard Harrington of the Washington Postsaid Jackson's performance surpassed her contemporaries,[100]but Bob Massy of Spinthought her dancers "threw crisper moves" and her supporting singers were mixed nearly as high, though declared "Janet cast herself as the real entertainment."[101]Jackson donated a portion of the tour's proceeds to the Boys & Girls Clubs of America.[102]
The following year, Jackson began receiving media attention for her rumored relationships with Justin Timberlake, actor Matthew McConaughey, and record producer Jermaine Dupri.[103][104][105]Upon the release of Timberlake's debut solo album Justified,Jackson provided vocals on "(And She Said) Take Me Now" per Timberlake's request, with the song initially planned as a single. Jackson collaborated with reggaeartist Beenie Manfor the song "Feel It Boy", produced by The Neptunes.
2004–05: Super Bowl XXXVIII controversy and Damita Jo[edit]
Main article: Super Bowl XXXVIII halftime show controversy
Jackson was chosen by the National Football Leagueand MTV to perform at the Super Bowl XXXVIIIhalftime show in February 2004. Jackson performed a medley of "All for You", "Rhythm Nation", and an excerpt of "The Knowledge" before performing "Rock Your Body" alongside surprise guest Justin Timberlake. As Timberlake sang the lyric "I'm gonna have you naked by the end of this song", he tore open her costume, exposing her right breast to 140 million viewers. Jackson issued an apology after the performance, saying the incident was accidental and unintended, explaining that Timberlake was only meant to pull away a bustierand leave the red-lace bra intact.[106]She commented, "I am really sorry if I offended anyone. That was truly not my intention ... MTV, CBS, the NFL had no knowledge of this whatsoever, and unfortunately, the whole thing went wrong in the end."[107]Timberlake also issued an apology, calling the accident a "wardrobe malfunction."[106]The incident became the most recorded and replayed moment in TiVohistory, enticing an estimated 35,000 new subscribers.[108][109]Regarded as one of the most controversial television events in history, Jackson was later listed in Guinness World Recordsas the "Most Searched in Internet History" and the "Most Searched for News Item".[110]CBS, the NFL, and MTV (CBS's sister network, which produced the halftime show), denied any knowledge of, and all responsibility for, the incident. The Federal Communications Commissionheavily fined all companies involved, and continued an investigation for eight years, ultimately losing its appeal for a $550,000 fine against CBS.[111]




Jackson and Timberlake photographed after the Super Bowl XXXVIII halftime show incident.
Following the incident, CBS permitted Timberlake to appear at the 46th Grammy Awardsceremony but did not allow Jackson to attend, forcing her to withdraw after being scheduled as a presenter.[112]The controversy halted plans for Jackson to star in the biographical film of singer and activist Lena Horne, which was to be produced by American Broadcasting Company. Although Horne was reportedly displeased by the incident, Jackson's representatives stated she withdrew from the project willingly.[113]A Mickey Mousestatue wearing Jackson's iconic "Rhythm Nation" outfit was mantled at Walt Disney Worldtheme park the previous year to honor Jackson's legacy, but was removed following Jackson's controversial performance.[114]
Jackson's eighth studio album Damita Jo, titled after Jackson's middle name, was released in March 2004. It debuted at number two on the Billboard200.[8][115]The album received mixed to positive reviews, praising the sonic innovation of selected songs and Jackson's vocal harmonies, while others criticized its frequent themes of carnality.[116]However, several critics observed many reviews focusing on the Super Bowl incident, rather than critiquing the album itself.[117]It was certified platinum by the RIAA within a month, and sold over three million copies worldwide.[14][118]
The album's performance was largely affected by public backlash and the blacklistingfrom radio and music channels. Conglomerates involved in the boycott include Viacomand CBS, subsidiaries MTV, Clear Channel Communications, and Infinity Broadcasting, the latter two among the largest radio broadcasters.[119][120]The blacklist was placed into effect preceding the release of Damita Joand continued throughout the course of Jackson's following two albums. A senior executive for entertainment conglomerate Viacom, which owns MTV, VH1, and many radio formats, commented they were "absolutely bailing on the record. The pressure is so great, they can't align with anything related to Janet. The high-ups are still pissed at her, and this is a punitive measure."[121]Prior to the incident, Damita Jowas expected to outsell prior release All for You.[122]Its three singles received positive reviews, but failed to achieve high chart positions, although each were predicted to perform extremely well under different circumstances.[123]Billboardreported that Damita Jo"was largely overshadowed by the Super Bowl fiasco," saying "[t]he three singles it spawned were blacklisted by pop radio—they were also the album's biggest highlights—the electronic guitar studded "Just a Little While", Motown-influenced "I Want You" and the funky, heavily dance orientated "All Nite (Don't Stop)".[124]"I Want You" was certified platinum and received a Grammynomination.[125]
For the album's promotion, Jackson appeared as a host on Saturday Night Live, performing two songs, and was also a guest star on sitcom Will & Grace, portraying herself.[126]Jackson received several career accolades upon the album's release, including the "Legend Award" at the Radio Music Awards, "Inspiration Award" from the Japan Video Music Awards, "Lifetime Achievement Award" at the Soul Train Music Awards, and a Teen Choice Awardsnomination for "Favorite Female." In November 2004, Jackson was honored as a role model by 100 Black Men of America, Inc., presented with the organization's Artistic Achievement Award saluting "a career that has gone from success to greater success'."[127]In response to criticism for honoring Jackson in light of the Super Bowl incident, the organization responded "an individual's worth can't be judged by a single moment in that person's life."[128][129]In June 2005, she was honored with a Humanitarian Award by the Human Rights Campaignand AIDS Project Los Angelesas recognition for her involvement in raising money for AIDS charities.[130]
2006–07: 20 Y.O.and Why Did I Get Married?[edit]




Jackson with the winners of the "Design Me" contest held for her ninth studio album, 20 Y.O.
Jackson began recording her ninth studio album, 20 Y.O., in 2005. She recorded with producers Dupri, Jam and Lewis for several months during the following year. The album's title was a reference to the two decades since the release of her breakthrough album Control, representing the album's "celebration of the joyful liberation and history-making musical style."[131]To promote the album, Jackson appeared in various magazines, and performed on the Today Showand Billboard Awards. Jackson's Us Weeklycover, revealing her slim figure after heavy media focus was placed on her fluctuations in weight, became the magazine's best-selling issue in history.[132]20 Y.O.was released in September 2006 and debuted at number two on the Billboard 200.[8]The album received mixed reviews, with multiple critics chastising the production and involvement of Jermaine Dupri.[133]Rolling Stonedisagreed with the album's reference to Control, saying "If we were her, we wouldn't make the comparison."[133]
Jackson's airplay and music channel blacklist remained persistent, massively affecting her chart performance and exposure.[119][134]However, lead single "Call on Me", which featured rapper Nelly, peaked at number twenty-five on the Hot 100, number one on the Hot R&B/Hip-Hop Songschart, and number six in the United Kingdom.[72]The video for the album's second single, "So Excited", was directed by Joseph Kahnand portrayed Jackson's clothes disappearing through a complex dance routine. 20 Y.O.was certified platinum by the RIAA and sold 1.2 million worldwide, also receiving a Grammynomination for Best Contemporary R&B Album.[14][135][136]After the album's release, Dupri was condemened for his production and misguidance of the album, and subsequently was removed from his position at Virgin Records.[137]Slant Magazinestated, "After promising a return to Janet's dance-pop origins, [Dupri] opted to aim for urban audiences, a colossal mistake that cost Dupri his job and, probably, Janet her deal with Virgin."[138]
Jackson was ranked the seventh richest woman in the entertainment industry by Forbes, having amassed a fortune of over $150 million.[139]In 2007, she starred opposite Tyler Perry as a psychotherapist in the film Why Did I Get Married?. It became her third consecutive film to open at number one at the box office, grossing $60 million in total.[140]Jackson's performance was prasied for its "soft authority", though also described as "charming, yet bland".[141][142]In February 2008, Jackson won an Image Awardfor "Outstanding Supporting Actress in a Motion Picture" for the role.[143]Jackson was also approached to record the lead single for the film Rush Hour 3.[144]
2008–09: Disciplineand Number Ones[edit]




Jackson performing during the Rock Witchu Tour.
Jackson signed with Island Recordsafter her contract with Virgin was fulfilled. She interrupted plans for touring and began recording with various producers, including Rodney "Darkchild" Jerkins, Tricky Stewart, and Stargate.[145]Her tenth studio album, Discipline, was released in February 2008, opening at number one.[8]Despite radio blacklisting, the album's first single "Feedback" peaked at number nineteen on the Hot 100 and nine on Pop Songs, her highest charting single since "Someone to Call My Lover".[72][146]The second single, "Rock With U", peaked at number four in the United Kingdom. Jackson was awarded the Vanguard Awardat the 19th annual GLAAD Media Awards, honoring her contributions in promoting equal rights among the gay community.[77]The organization's president commented, "Ms. Jackson has a tremendous following inside the LGBT community and out, and having her stand with us against the defamation that LGBT people still face in our country is extremely significant."[77]
Jackson's fifth concert tour, the Rock Witchu Tour, began in September 2008.[147]Jackson parted with Island Records through mutual agreement. Billboarddisclosed Jackson was dissatisfied with LA Reid's handling of the album and its promotion, saying "the label agreed to dissolve their relationship with the artist at her request."[148][149]Producer Rodney Jerkinsexpressed "I felt like it wasn't pushed correctly.... She just didn't get her just-do as an artist of that magnitude."[150]
In June 2009, Jackson's brother Michael diedat age fifty. She spoke publicly concerning his death at the 2009 BET Awards, stating "I'd just like to say, to you, Michael is an icon, to us, Michael is family. And he will forever live in all of our hearts. On behalf of my family and myself, thank you for all of your love, thank you for all of your support. We miss him so much."[151]In an interview, she revealed she had first learned of his death while filming Why Did I Get Married Too?. Amidst mourning with her family, she focused on work to deal with the grief, avoiding any news coverage of her sibling's death. She commented, "it's still important to face reality, and not that I'm running, but sometimes you just need to get away for a second."[152]During this time, she ended her seven-year relationship with Jermaine Dupri.[152]Several months later, Jackson performed a tribute to Michael at the 2009 MTV Video Music Awards, performing their duet "Scream".[153]MTV stated "there was no one better than Janet to anchor it and send a really powerful message."[154]The performance was lauded by critics, with Entertainment Weeklyaffirming the rendition "as energetic as it was heartfelt".[155]
Jackson's second hits compilation, Number Ones,was released in November 2009. For promotion, she performed a medley of hits at the American Music Awards, Capital FM's Jingle Bell Ballat London's O2 arena, and The X-Factor.[156][157]The album's promotional single "Make Me", produced with Rodney "Darkchild" Jerkins, debuted in September.[158]It became Jackson's nineteenth number one on the Hot Dance Club Songschart, making her the first artist to have number-one singles in four separate decades.[159]Later that month, Jackson chaired the inaugural benefit of amfAR, The Foundation for AIDS Research, held in Milanin conjunction with fashion week. The foundation's CEO stated "We are profoundly grateful to Janet Jackson for joining amfAR as a chair of its first event in Milan.... She brings incomparable grace and a history of dedication to the fight against AIDS."[160]The event raised a total of $1.1 million for the nonprofit organization.
2010–present: Film projects, True You, concert tour, and philanthropy[edit]
In April 2010, Jackson reprised her role in the sequel to Why Did I Get Married?titled Why Did I Get Married Too?. The film opened at number two, grossing sixty million in total.[161]Jackson's performance was hailed as "invigorating and oddly funny", and praised for her "willingness to be seen at her most disheveled".[162][163]Her performance earned an Image Awardfor "Outstanding Actress in a Motion Picture".[164]Jackson recorded the film's theme, "Nothing", released as a promotional single.[165]The song was performed on the ninth seasonfinale of American Idolalong with "Again" and "Nasty".[166]In July, Jackson modeled for the Blackglamaclothing line featuring minkfur.[167]Jackson then helped design a signature line of clothing and accessories for Blackglama, to be sold at Saks Fifth Avenueand Bloomingdales.[168]Universal Music released the hits compilation Icon: Number Onesas the debut of the Iconcompilation series.
In November 2010, Jackson starred as Joanna in the drama For Colored Girls, the film adaptation of Ntozake Shange's 1975 play For Colored Girls Who Have Considered Suicide When the Rainbow Is Enuf. The Wall Street Journalstated Jackson "recites verses written by Ntozake Shange, the author of the play that inspired the film ... But instead of offering up a mannered coffeehouse reading of the lines, Jackson makes the words sound like ordinary—though very eloquent—speech."[169]Jackson's portrayal the film was likened to Meryl Streepas Miranda Priestlyin The Devil Wears Prada.[170][171]Her performance earned Black Reel Awardsnominations in the categories of Outstanding Supporting Actressand Outstanding Ensemble.[172]




Jackson performing during the Number Ones, Up Close and Personaltour.
Jackson announced plans to embark on her largest world tour in support of her second hits collection, Number Ones.[173]The tour, entitled Number Ones, Up Close and Personal, held concerts in thirty-five global cities, selected by fans who submitted suggestions on her official website.[173][173]During the tour, Jackson performed thirty-five number one hits and dedicated a song to each city.[173]Mattelreleased a limited-edition Barbieof Jackson titled "Divinely Janet", auctioned for over $15,000, with proceeds donated to Project Angel Food.[174]Jackson released the self-helpbook True You: A Journey to Finding and Loving Yourselfin February 2011, co-written with David Ritz. It chronicled her struggle with weight and confidence, also publishing letters from fans. It topped The New York Times??'?Best Seller listthe following month.[175]Additionally, she signed a film production contract with Lions Gate Entertainmentto "select, develop and produce a feature film for the independent studio."[176]
Jackson became the first female pop singer to perform at the I. M. Peiglass pyramid at the Louvre Museum, raising contributions for the restoration of iconic artwork.[177][178]Jackson was selected to endorse fashion line Blackglamafor a second year, being the first celebrity in the line's history chosen to do so.[179]She partnered with the label to release a fifteen-piece collection of luxury products.[180]In 2012, Jackson endorsed Nutrisystem, sponsoring their weight-loss program after struggling with weight fluctuations in the past.[181]With the program, she donated ten million dollars in meals to the hungry.[181]She was honored by amfAR for her contributions to AIDS research when chairing the Cinema Against AIDS gala during the Cannes Film Festival.[182]She also participated in a public service announcement for UNICEFto help starving children.[183]In February 2013, Jackson announced she was married to her third husband, Qataribillionaire Wissam Al Mana, during a private ceremony the previous year.[184]
On May 15, 2015, Jackson announced plans to release a new album and to embark on a world concert tour.[185][186]
Artistry[edit]
Music and voice[edit]
Jackson has a sopranovocal range.[187]Over the course of her career, she has received frequent criticism for the limits of her vocal capabilities, especially in comparison to contemporary artists such as Whitney Houston and Mariah Carey.[188]In comparing her vocal technique to Houston and Aretha Franklin, vocal coach Roger Love states that "[w]hen Janet sings, she allows a tremendous amount of air to come through. She's obviously aiming for a sexy, sultry effect, and on one level that works nicely. But actually, it's fairly limited." He adds that while her voice is suitable for studio recording, it doesn't translate well to stage because despite having "great songs, incredible dancing, and her star like presence, the live show is still magnificent. But the voice is not the star."[189]Biographer David Ritz commented, "on Janet's albums—and in her videos and live performances, which revealed a crisp, athletic dance technique [...] singing wasn't the point," saying emphasis was placed on "her slamming beats, infectious hooks, and impeccable production values."[44]Eric Henderson of Slant magazineclaimed critics opposing her small voice "somehow missed the explosive 'gimme a beat' vocal pyrotechnics she unleashes all over 'Nasty' ... Or that they completely dismissed how perfect her tremulous hesitance fits into the abstinence anthem 'Let's Wait Awhile'."[190]Classical composer Louis Andriessenhas praised Jackson for her "rubato, sense of rhythm, sensitivity, and the childlike quality of her strangely erotic voice."[191]Several critics also consider her voice to often be enveloped within her music's production. Music critic J. D. Considinenoted "on albums, Jackson's sound isn't defined by her voice so much as by the way her voice is framed by the lush, propulsive production of Jimmy Jam and Terry Lewis."[192]Wendy Robinson of PopMatterssaid "the power of Janet Jackson's voice does not lie in her pipes. She doesn't blow, she whispers ... Jackson's confectionary vocals are masterfully complemented by gentle harmonies and balanced out by pulsing rhythms, so she's never unpleasant to listen to."[193]Matthew Perpetus of Fluxblogsuggested Jackson's vocal techniques as a study for indie rockmusic, considering it to possess "a somewhat subliminal effect on the listener, guiding and emphasizing dynamic shifts without distracting attention from its primal hooks." Perpetus added: "Her voice effortlessly transitions from a rhythmic toughness to soulful emoting to a flirty softness without overselling any aspect of her performance ... a continuum of emotions and attitudes that add up to the impression that we're listening to the expression of a fully-formed human being with contradictions and complexities."[194]




"Black Cat" (1989)







Written solely by Jackson, "Black Cat" was recorded using a mixture of Rockman and Marshall amplifier to give it a heavy metalsound. The song's lyrics convey a stance against substance abuse.

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Jackson's music has encompassed a broad range of genres with contemporary pop, including R&B, dance, rock, hip-hop, soul, house, and industrial music. The diversity within Jackson's discography has influenced subsequent stylistic albums in contemporary pop.[195][196]Qadree EI-Amin, Jackson's former personal manager, commented, "she's bigger than Barbra Streisandbecause Streisand can't appeal to the street crowd as Janet does. But Streisand's rich, elite crowd loves Janet Jackson."[197]Her records from the 1980s have been described as being influenced by Prince, as her producers are ex-members of The Time.[198]Sal Cinquemani wrote that in addition to defining Top 40radio, she "gave Prince's Minneapolis sounda distinctly feminine—and, with songs like 'What Have You Done for Me Lately?,' 'Nasty,' 'Control,' and 'Let's Wait Awhile,' a distinctly feminist—spin."[199]On Control, Richard J. Ripani documented that she, Jam and Lewis had "crafted a new sound that fuses the rhythmic elements of funk and disco, along with heavy doses of synthesizers, percussion, sound effects, and a rap music sensibility."[24]Author Rickey Vincentstated that she has often been credited for redefining the standard of popular music with the industrial-strength beats of the album.[200]She is considered a trendsetter in pop balladry, with Richard Rischar stating "the black pop ballad of the mid-1980s had been dominated by the vocal and production style that was smooth and polished, led by singers Whitney Houston, Janet Jackson, and James Ingram."[201]Jackson continued her musical development by blending contemporary pop and urban music with elements of hip-hop in the nineties. This included a softer representation, articulated by lush, soulful ballads and up-tempo dance beats.[202]She has been described as "an artist who has reshaped the sound and image of rhythm and blues" within the first decade of her career.[203]Critic Karla Peterson remarked that "she is a sharp dancer, an appealing performer, and as 'That's the Way Love Goes' proves—an ace pop-song writer."[204]Selected material from the following decade has been viewed less favorably, as Sal Cinquemani comments "except for maybe R.E.M., no other former superstar act has been as prolific with such diminishing commercial and creative returns."[199]
Jackson has changed her lyrical focus over the years, becoming the subject of analysis in musicology, African American studies, and gender studies.[205][206]David Ritz compared Jackson's musical style to Marvin Gaye's, stating, "like Marvin, autobiography seemed the sole source of her music. Her art, also like Marvin's, floated over a reservoir of secret pain."[207]Much of her success has been attributed to "a series of powerful, metallic grooves; her chirpy, multi-tracked vocals; and a lyrical philosophy built on pride and self-knowledge."[208]Ritz also stated, "The mystery is the low flame that burns around the perimeters of Janet Jackson's soul. The flame feeds off the most highly combustible elements: survival and ambition, caution and creativity, supreme confidence and dark fear."[207]During the 1980s, her lyrics embodied self-actualization, feminist principles, and politically driven ideology.[206][209]Gillian G. Gaar, author of She's a Rebel: The History of Women in Rock & Roll(2002), described Controlas "an autobiographical tale about her life with her parents, her first marriage, and breaking free."[12]Encyclopedia of African American Popular Culture(2010) author Jessie Carney Smith wrote "with that album, she asserted her independence, individuality, and personal power. She challenged audiences to see her as a transformed person, from an ingénueto a grow-up, multi-talented celebrity."[210]Referring to Rhythm Nation 1814as an embodiment of hope, Timothy E. Scheurer, author of Born in the USA: The Myth of America in Popular Music from Colonial Times to the Present(2007) wrote "It may remind some of Sly Stoneprior to There's a Riot Going Onand other African-American artists of the 1970s in its tacit assumption that the world imagined by Dr. Kingis still possible, that the American Dream is a dream for all people."[211]
On Janet, Jackson began focusing on sexual themes. Shayne Lee, author of Erotic Revolutionaries: Black Women, Sexuality, and Popular Culture(2010), wrote that her music over the following decade "brand[ed] her as one of the most sexually stimulating vocalists of the 1990s."[212]In You've Come A Long Way, Baby: Women, Politics, and Popular Culture(1996), Lilly J. Goren observed "Jackson's evolution from politically aware musician to sexy diva marked the direction that society and the music industry were encouraging the dance-rock divas to pursue."[209]The Washington Postdeclared Jackson's public image over the course of her career had shifted "from innocence to experience, inspiring such carnal albums as 1993's 'Janet' and 1997's 'The Velvet Rope', the latter of which explored the bonds—figuratively and literally—of love and lust."[213]The song "Free Xone" from The Velvet Rope, which portrays same-sex relationshipsin a positive light, is described by sociologist Shayne Lee as "a rare incident in which a popular black vocalist explores romantic or sensual energy outside the contours of heteronormativity, making it a significant song in black sexual politics."[212]During promotion for Janet, she stated "I love feeling deeply sexual—and don't mind letting the world know. For me, sex has become a celebration, a joyful part of the creative process."[23]Upon the release of Damita Jo, Jackon stated "Beginning with the earlier albums, exploring—and liberating—my sexuality has been an ongoing discovery and theme," adding "As an artist, that's not only my passion, it's my obligation."[214]Stephen Thomas Erlewine has found Jackson's consistent inclusion of sex in her music lacking ingenuity, especially in comparisons to other artists such as Prince, stating "while sex indisputably fuels much great pop music, it isn't an inherently fascinating topic for pop music—as with anything, it all depends on the artist."[215]
Videos and stage[edit]
Jackson drew inspiration for her music videos and performances from musicals she watched in her youth, and was heavily influenced by the choreography of Fred Astaireand Michael Kidd, among others.[216]Throughout her career, she has worked with and brought numerous professional choreographers to prominence, such as Tina Landon, Paula Abdul, and Michael Kidd.[217]Veronica Chambers declared, "Her impact on pop music is undeniable and far-reaching," adding, "A quick glance at the Billboardchart reveals any number of artists cast in the Janet Jackson mold." Chambers observed numerous videos which "features not only Ms. Jackson's dancers but choreography and sets remarkably like those she has used."[218]Janine Coveney of Billboardobserved that "Jackson's musical declaration of independence [Control] launched a string of hits, an indelible production sound, and an enduring image cemented by groundbreaking video choreography and imagery that pop vocalists still emulate."[131]Ben Hogwood of MusicOMHapplauded the "huge influence she has become on younger pretenders to her throne," most notably Britney Spears, Jennifer Lopezand Christina Aguilera.[219]Qadree EI-Amin remarked that many pop artists "pattern their performances after Janet's proven dance-diva persona."[197]




Jackson (center) performing in the music video for "Rhythm Nation" surrounded by male and female dancers in militant unisex attire.
Beretta E. Smith-Shomade, author of Shaded Lives: African-American Women and Television(2002), wrote that "Jackson's impact on the music video sphere came largely through music sales successes, which afforded her more visual liberties and control. This assuming of control directly impacted the look and content of her music videos, giving Jackson an agency not assumed by many other artists—male or female, Black or White."[220]Parallel Lines: Media Representations of Dance(1993) documents that her videos have often been reminiscent of live concerts or elaborate musical theater.[221]Multiculturalismhas also been a cornerstone of her videography.[222]The militant iconography of "Rhythm Nation" signifies a need for both racial and gender equality, as she and her dancers perform in identical uniforms while Jackson "is performing asexually and almost anonymously in front of, but as one of the members of the group."[223]Videos such as "If"—which "[exudes a] 'Last Emperor' lust and mystery"—and "Runaway" draw cultural influences from the orient.[224][225]Others, such as "Got 'til It's Gone" and "Together Again", explore African roots and the serengeti.[226][227]Her music videos have also found rapport within the gay community; the dramatic imagery in "Rhythm Nation" led to reenactments of the video in gay clubs, while her video for "Love Will Never Do (Without You)" is said to explore the aesthetic of the male body from both the heterosexual female and gay male perspective.[228][229]She has received the MTV Video Vanguard Awardfor her contributions to the art form, and became the first recipient of the MTV Icontribute, celebrating her impact on the music industry as a whole. In 2003, Slant Magazinenamed "Rhythm Nation" and "Got 'til It's Gone" among the 100 Greatest Music Videos of all time, ranked at number 87 and number 10, respectively.[230][231]In 2011, "Rhythm Nation" was voted the tenth best music video of the 1980s by Billboard.[232]
Her music videos have contributed to a higher degree of sexual freedom among young women, as Jean M. Twenge, author of Generation Me: Why Today's Young Americans are More Confident, Assertive, Entitled—and More Miserable Than Ever Before(2007), wrote "In Alfred Kinsey's studies in the 1950s, only 3% of the young women had received oral sex from a man. By the mid-1990s, however, 75% of women aged 18-24 had experienced cunnilingus. Music videos by female artists have contributed to the trend," with Jackson "heavily implying male-on-female oral sex in music videos by pushing down on a man's head until he's in exactly the right position."[233]Similarly, Paula Kamen in Her Way: Young Women Remake the Sexual Revolution(2000) states that "[i]n the early to mid-1990s, oral sex even reached mainstream music as politically charged demand of truly liberated women," citing Jackson as a prime example of a female artist simulating cunnilingus in her videos.[234]However, accusations of cosmetic surgery, skin lightening, and increasingly hypersexual imagery have led to her being viewed as conforming to a white, male-dominated view of sexuality, rather than liberating herself or others.[220]
The Independentwriter Nicholas Barber stated "Janet's concerts are the pop equivalent of a summer blockbuster movie, with all the explosions, special effects, ersatz sentimentality, gratuitous cleavage and emphasis on spectacle over coherence that the term implies."[235]Jetmagazine reported "Janet's innovative stage performances during her world tours have won her a reputation as a world-class performer."[236]Chris Willman of Los Angeles Timesstated the "enthralling" choreography of Jackson's Rhythm Nation 1814 Tour "represents the pinnacle of what can be done in the popping 'n' locking style—a rapid-fire mixture of rigidly jerky and gracefully fluid movements."[237]When Jackson was asked "do you understand it when people talk about [The Velvet Rope Tour] in terms of Broadway?", she responded, "I'm crazy about Broadway ... That's what I grew up on."[78]Her "Number Ones: Up Close and Personal" tour deviated from the full-scale theatrics found in her previous concert arena settings in favor of smaller venues. Critics noted being scaled down did not affect the impact of her showmanship, and in some cases, enhanced it. Greg Kot of the Chicago Tribunewrote, "In past tours, Jackson's thin voice was often swallowed up by the sheer size of her production ... In the more scaled-down setting, Jackson brought a warmth and a passion that wasn't always evident in stadiums ... the best Janet Jackson performance I've covered in 20-plus years."[238]
Thor Christensen of The Dallas Morning Newsreported Jackson often lip syncsin concert; he wrote: "Janet Jackson—one of pop's most notorious onstage lip-syncers—conceded ... she uses 'some' taped vocals to augment her live vocals. But she refused to say what percentage of her concert 'voice' is taped and how much is live."[239]Michael MacCambridge of the Austin American-Statesman, who reviewed Jackson's Rhythm Nation World Tour, described lip-syncing as a "moot point", stating "Jackson was frequently singing along with her own pre-recorded vocals, to achieve a sound closer to radio versions of singles."[240]MacCambridge also observed "it seemed unlikely that anyone—even a prized member of the First Family of Soul Music—could dance like she did for 90 minutes and still provide the sort of powerful vocals that the '90s super concerts are expected to achieve."[240]Similarly, Chris Willman commented, "even a classically trained vocalist would be hard-pressed to maintain any sort of level of volume—or, more appropriately, 'Control'—while bounding up and down stairs and whipping limbs in unnatural directions at impeccable, breakneck speed."[237]Critics observed that in the smaller scale of her "Number Ones: Up Close and Personal" tour, she forewent lip-syncing.[241]Chris Richards of The Washington Poststated "even at its breathiest, that delicate voice hasn't lost the laserlike precision."[242]He complemented her physically strenuous performance, stating "go on, Janet. Let 'em see you sweat. Because in a 21st-century popscape where concerts are driven by spectacle, we need to know that beneath all of the sci-fi costumes, strobe lights and Auto-Tune, we're still witnessing a performance by the living, breathing, profusely sweating human being whose name is stamped on the tickets we just emptied our wallets for."[242]
Influences[edit]
Jackson describes Lena Horneas a profound inspiration, for entertainers of several generations as well as herself. Upon Horne's death, she stated "[Horne] brought much joy into everyone's lives—even the younger generations, younger than myself. She was such a great talent. She opened up such doors for artists like myself."[243]Similarly, she considers Dorothy Dandridgeto be one of her idols.[244]Jackson has declared herself "a very big Joni Mitchellfan", explaining "As a kid I was drawn to Joni Mitchell records [...] Joni's songs spoke to me in an intimate, personal way."[245][246]She holds reference for Tina Turner, stating "Tina has become a heroic figure for many people, especially women, because of her tremendous strength. Personally, Tina doesn't seem to have a beginning or an end in my life. I felt her music was always there, and I feel like it always will be."[247]She has also named other socially conscious acts, such as Tracy Chapman, Sly and the Family Stone, U2, and Bob Dylanas sources of inspiration.[12][248]In her early career, Jackson credited her brothers Michael and Jermaine as musical influences.[207]According to Rolling Stone, other artists attributed as influences are The Ronettes, Dionne Warwick, Tammi Terrell, and Diana Ross.[249]
Legacy[edit]
See also: List of awards and nominations received by Janet Jackson, Janet Jackson as gay iconand Artists influenced by Janet Jackson
The youngest sister of the "precious Jackson clan",[250]Janet Jackson has striven to distance her professional career from that of her older brother Michael and the rest of the Jackson family. Steve Dollar of Newsdaywrote that "[s]he projects that home girl-next-door quality that belies her place as the youngest sibling in a family whose inner and outer lives have been as poked at, gossiped about, docudramatized and hard-copied as the Kennedys."[251]Phillip McCarthy of The Sydney Morning Heraldnoted that throughout her recording career, one of her common conditions for interviewers has been that there would be no mention of Michael.[252]Joshua Klein wrote, "[f]or the first half of her recording career, Janet Jackson sounded like an artist with something to prove. Emerging in 1982 just as big brother Michael was casting his longest shadow, Jackson filled her albums not so much with songs as with declarations, from 'The Pleasure Principle' to the radical-sounding 'Rhythm Nation' to the telling statement of purpose, 'Control'."[213]Steve Huey of Allmusic asserted that despite being born into a family of entertainers, Janet Jackson has managed to emerge a "superstar" in her own right, rivaling not only several female recording artists including Madonna and Whitney Houston, but also her brother, while "successfully [shifting] her image from a strong, independent young woman to a sexy, mature adult."[253]By forging her own unique identity through her artistry and her business ventures, she has been esteemed as the "Queen of Pop".[46][254]Klein argued that "stardom was not too hard to predict, but few could have foreseen that Janet—Miss Jackson, if you're nasty—would one day replace Michael as true heir to the Jackson family legacy.".[213]




Jackson performing on Number Ones, Up Close and Personal.
She has also been recognized for playing a pivotal role in crossing racial boundaries in the recording industry, where black artists were once considered to be substandard.[255]In Right to Rock: The Black Rock Coalition and the Cultural Politics of Race(2004), author Maureen Mahon states: "In the 1980s, Whitney Houston, Michael Jackson, Janet Jackson, and Prince were among the African American artists who crossed over ... When black artists cross over into pop success they cease to be black in the industry sense of the word. They get promoted from racialized black music to universal pop music in an economically driven process of racial transcendence."[256]Routledge International Encyclopedia of Women: Global Women's Issues and Knowledge(2000) documented that Jackson, along with other prominent African-American women, had achieved financial breakthroughs in mainstream popular music, receiving "superstar status" in the process.[42]She, alongside her contemporaries "offered viable creative, intellectual, and business paths for establishing and maintaining agency, lyrical potency, marketing and ownership."[257]Her business savvy has been compared to that of Madonna, gaining a level of autonomy which enables "creative latitude and access to financial resources and mass-market distribution."[258][259]A model of reinvention, author Jessie Carney Smith wrote that "Janet has continued to test the limits of her transformative power", receiving accolades in music, film and concert tours throughout the course of her career.[210]
Musicologist Richard J. Ripani identified Jackson as a leader in the development of contemporary R&B, as her music created a unique blend of genre and sound effects which ushered in the use of rap vocals into mainstream R&B.[24]He also argues her signature song"Nasty" influenced the new jack swing genre developed by Teddy Riley.[24]Leon McDermott of the Sunday Heraldwrote: "Her million-selling albums in the 1980s helped invent contemporary R&B through Jimmy Jam and Terry Lewis's muscular, lean production; the sinuous grooves threaded through 1986's Control and 1989's Rhythm Nation 1814 are the foundation upon which today's hot shot producers and singers rely."[260]Den Berry, Virgin Records CEO and Chairman stated: "Janet is the very embodiment of a global superstar. Her artistic brilliance and personal appeal transcend geographic, cultural and generational boundaries."[261]In July 1999, she placed at number 77 on VH1's "100 Greatest Women of Rock and Roll".[262]She also placed at number 134 on their list of the "200 Greatest Pop Culture Icons of All Time",[263]number seven on the "100 Greatest Women In Music",[264]and at number two on the "50 Greatest Women of the Video Era", behind Madonna.[265]In March 2008, Business Wirereported "Janet Jackson is one of the top ten selling artists in the history of contemporary music; ranked by Billboardmagazine as the ninth most successful act in rock and roll history, and the second most successful female artist in pop music history."[266]She is the only female artist in the history of the Hot 100 to have 18 consecutive top ten hit singles, from "Miss You Much" (1989) to "I Get Lonely" (1998).[267]The magazine ranked her at number seven on their Hot 100 50th Anniversary "All-Time Top Artists", making her the third most successful female artist in the history of the chart, following Madonna and Mariah Carey.[268]In November 2010, Billboardreleased its "Top 50 R&B / Hip-Hop Artists of the Past 25 Years" list and ranked her at number five.[269]She ranks as the top artist on the chart with 15 number ones in the past twenty-five years, garnering 27 top ten hits between 1985 and 2001, and 33 consecutive top 40 hits from 1985 through 2004.[269]The most awarded artist in the history of the BillboardMusic Awardswith 33 wins, she is one an elite group of musical acts, such as Madonna, Aerosmith, Garth Brooksand Eric Clapton, whom Billboardcredits for "redefining the landscape of popular music."[267][270]In November 2014, Jackson was voted 'Queen of Pop' by a poll conducted online by VH1.com.[271]
Jackson's music and choreography have inspired numerous performers. Virgin Records executive Lee Trink expressed: "Janet is an icon and historic figure in our culture. She's one of those gifted artists that people look up to, that people emulate, that people want to believe in ... there's not that many superstars that stand the test of time."[131]Sarah Rodman of the Boston Heraldremarked: "For every hand-fluttering, overwrought, melismaaddict out there aping Mariah's dog calls, there's an equal number trying to match Jackson's bubbling grooves and fancy footwork, including Britney, Aaliyahand Destiny's Child."[272]Music critic Gene Stout commented she "has so broadly influenced a younger generation of performers, from Jennifer Lopez ... to Britney Spears, who has copied so many of Jackson's dance moves."[273]'N Syncand Usherhave credited her for teaching them how to develop stage show into theatrical performance.[274][275]Beyoncé Knowles,[276]Toni Braxton,[277]Aaliyah,[278]Britney Spears,[279]Christina Aguilera,[280]Crystal Kay,[281]Kelly Rowland,[282]Rihanna,[283]and Brazilian singer Kelly Key[284]have all named her as one of their biggest inspirations, while others such as Rozonda "Chilli" Thomasof TLC,[285]Cassie,[286]Nicki Minaj,[287]Keri Hilson,[288]and DJ/singer Havana Brown,[289]have all expressed desire to emulate her. Elysa Gardner of USA Todaywrote: "Jackson claims not to be bothered by the brigade of barely post-adolescent baby divas who have been inspired by—and, in some cases, have flagrantly aped—the sharp, animated choreography and girlish but decidedly post-feministfeistiness that have long been hallmarks of her performance style."[290]Those who are considered to have followed in her footsteps have been referred to as "Janet-come-lately's."[291][292]Other artists who have drawn comparison to her include Mýa,[293]Brandy,[294]Tatyana Ali,[295]Christina Milian,[296]Lady Gaga,[297]Namie Amuro,[298]and BoA.[299]Sociologist Shayne Lee commented that "[a]s Janet enters the twilight of her reign as erotic Queen of Pop, Beyoncé Knowles emerges as her likely successor."[212]Joan Morgan of Essencemagazine remarked: "Jackson's Control, Rhythm Nation 1814and janet.established the singer-dancer imprimatur standard in pop culture we now take for granted. So when you're thinking of asking Miss Jackson, 'What have you done for me lately?' remember that Britney, Ciara and Beyoncé live in the house that Janet built."[300]
Discography[edit]
Main article: Janet Jackson discography
Janet Jackson(1982)
Dream Street(1984)
Control(1986)
Janet Jackson's Rhythm Nation 1814(1989)
janet.(1993)
The Velvet Rope(1997)
All for You(2001)
Damita Jo(2004)
20 Y.O.(2006)
Discipline(2008)
Filmography[edit]
See also: Janet Jackson videography
Poetic Justice(1993)
Nutty Professor II: The Klumps(2000)
Why Did I Get Married?(2007)
Why Did I Get Married Too?(2010)
For Colored Girls(2010)
Tours[edit]
Rhythm Nation World Tour(1990)
Janet World Tour(1993–95)
The Velvet Rope Tour(1998–99)
All for You Tour(2001–02)
Rock Witchu Tour(2008)
Number Ones, Up Close and Personal World Tour(2011)
Books[edit]
True You: A Journey to Finding and Loving Yourself(2011)
See also[edit]
Book icon Book: Janet Jackson

Honorific nicknames in popular music
List of best-selling music artists
List of best-selling music artists in the United States
List of artists who reached number one in the United States


Janet Jackson.jpgJanet Jackson portal
Michael and Janet Jackson collection.jpgThe Jackson Family portal


References[edit]
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255.Jump up ^Over the next few years, a significant proportion of music industry revenues were generated by a handful of superstar artists; in addition to Michael Jackson, there were Lionel Richie, Madonna, Prince, Bruce Springsteen, Whitney Houston, Tina Turner, Wham!, Phil Collins, Steve Winwood, Huey Lewis and the News, the Pointer Sisters, Janet Jackson, Anita Baker, and a handful of others. A surprising number of the new superstars were black. This was perhaps the first hint that the greater cosmopolitanism of a world market might produce some changes in the complexion of popular music. Garofalo, Reebee (1999), "From Music Publishing to MP3: Music and Industry in the Twentieth Century", American Music17(3): 343, doi:10.2307/3052666
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272.Jump up ^Rodman, Sarah (2001-08-24), "Music; Has Janet Jackson earned her diva wings?; Two FleetCenter shows are just one criterion", Boston Herald: S03
273.Jump up ^Stout, Gene (2001-07-16), "Janet Jackson's Steamy Album Leaves Room For Romance", Seattle Post-Intelligencer: 8, ISSN 0745-970X
274.Jump up ^Valdéz, Mimi (August 2001), "Show and prove", Vibe9(8): 116, ISSN 1070-4701
275.Jump up ^Chris Nickson (2005), Usher:The Godson of Soul, Simon and Schuster, p. 39, ISBN 978-1-4169-0922-4
276.Jump up ^Murray, Sonia (2006-08-18), "Janet & Beyonce: Rivals or not, the stars share surprising similarities", The Atlanta Journal and Constitution: F.1, ISSN 1539-7459Check date values in: |year= / |date= mismatch(help)
277.Jump up ^Michael A. Gonzales (July 1997), "Toni's Secret", Vibe5(5): 92, ISSN 1070-4701
278.Jump up ^Sutherland, William (2005), Aaliyah Remembered, Trafford Publishing, p. 9, ISBN 978-1-4120-5062-3
279.Jump up ^Mark Brown (2001-11-12), "In Her Own Words ; What's a Critic To Do When Britney Says it All?", Rocky Mountain News: 8.D
280.Jump up ^Dominguez, Pier (2003), Christina Aguilera: A Star is Made : The Unauthorized Biography, Amber Books Publishing, p. 26, ISBN 978-0-9702224-5-9
281.Jump up ^"Now Hear This Yokohama-based teen pop singer among the promising", Asahi Evening News, 2003-01-01: 1, ISSN 0025-2816
282.Jump up ^"Five Minutes With: Kelly Rowland", Lincolnshire Echo, 2010-07-01: 11
283.Jump up ^Collins, Hattie (2009-11-29), "Janet Jackson on surviving the family circus and missing Michael", The Sunday Times(UK), retrieved 2009-11-28
284.Jump up ^"Kelly Key busca o sucesso de Christina Aguilera, Jennifer Lopez, Britney Spears, Madonna e Janet Jackson". Universo Musical. Retrieved January 7,2012.
285.Jump up ^Sonia Murray (1999-07-12), "TLC: Struggling in the Spotlightnot", Austin American-Statesman: E.1
286.Jump up ^Bobbin, Jay (2006-08-09), "Imitation nation ; World of pop music filled with copycats", Chicago Tribune: 54, ISSN 1085-6706
287.Jump up ^Jessica Herndon (2010-12-06), "Nicki Minaj's Top 5 Style Idols", People74(21): 58, ISSN 0093-7673
288.Jump up ^Keri Hilson — Keri Hilson Respects Tlc's Image, Contactmusic.com, 2011-06-06, retrieved 2011-06-06
289.Jump up ^Lauren Alpe (2011-06-13), Interview — Havana Brown, MTV News, retrieved 2011-06-13
290.Jump up ^Elysa Gardner (2000-07-28), "Luscious Jackson", USA Today: 1.E, ISSN 0734-7456
291.Jump up ^While her vocal skills are at least as decent as Britney Spears and the other Janet-come-latelys, it's Jackson's skills as an entertainer—and commanding stage presence—that make her so deserving of the spotlight. Gemma Tarlach (2001-10-17), "Janet Jackson takes her place as Queen of Pop", Milwaukee Journal Sentinel: 12.B
292.Jump up ^Most disappointing was crunk princess Ciara. The Janet-come-lately and her octet of dance-floor acrobats moved with ferocious elegance to tracks like 'Goodies,' but the singer had glaring microphone problems when she spoke—tediously, about the 'importance' of her upcoming sophomore album. Sarah Rodman (2006-10-31), "MonsterJam Lacks Star Power", Boston Globe: E.7, ISSN 0743-1791
293.Jump up ^Chuck Taylor (2000-11-18), "Mya: For Free", Billboard112(47): 1, ISSN 0006-2510
294.Jump up ^Afrodisiac > Overview, Allmusic, 2006, retrieved 2009-02-22
295.Jump up ^Kiss the Sky > Overview, Allmusic, 2006, retrieved 2009-02-22
296.Jump up ^Barry Walters (July 2004), "It's About Time", Rolling Stone: 120, ISSN 0035-791X
297.Jump up ^Kyle Anderson (2010-09-10), Lady Gaga Just Like 'Madonna And Janet Jackson,' Says Mark Ronson, MTV, retrieved 2011-06-08
298.Jump up ^Kishin Shinoyama (Oct 2000), "Tokyo glamorama", Harper's Bazaar: 312
299.Jump up ^"Korean Pop Star BoA Prepares U.S. Takeover", Rap-Up, retrieved 2011-04-19
300.Jump up ^Joan Morgan (August 2010), "Before Sunset", Essence: 106
Sources[edit]
Brackett, Nathan. Hoard, Christian David. The New Rolling Stone Album Guide. Simon & Schuster, 2004. ISBN 0-7432-0169-8
Cornwell, Jane. Janet Jackson. Carlton Books, 2002. ISBN 1-84222-464-6
Cullen, Jim. Popular Culture in American History. Blackwell Publishing, 2001. ISBN 0-631-21958-7
Cutcher, Jenai. Feel the Beat: Dancing in Music Videos. The Rosen Publishing Group, 2003. ISBN 0-8239-4558-8
Dean, Maury. Rock-N-Roll Gold Rush. Algora Publishing, 2003. ISBN 0-87586-207-1
DeCurtis, Anthony. Present tense: rock & roll and culture. Duke University Press, 1992. ISBN 978-0-8223-1265-9
Gaar, Gillian G. She's a rebel: the history of women in rock & roll. Seal Press, 2002. ISBN 1-58005-078-6
Gates, Henry Louis. Appiah, Anthony. Africana: The Encyclopedia of the African and African American. Basic Civitas Books, 1999. ISBN 0-465-00071-1
Goren, Lilly. You've Come A Long Way, Baby: Women, Politics, and Popular Culture. University Press of Kentucky, 2009. ISBN 978-0-8131-2544-2
Halstead, Craig. Cadman, Chris. Jacksons Number Ones. Authors On Line, 2003. ISBN 0-7552-0098-5
Jaynes, Gerald David. Encyclopedia of African American Society. Sage Publications, 2005. ISBN 0-7619-2764-6
Kramarae, Cheris. Spender, Dale. Routledge International Encyclopedia of Women: Global Women's Issues and Knowledge. Routledge, 2000. ISBN 0-415-92091-4
Mitoma, Judy. Mitoma, Judith. Zimmer, Elizabeth. Stieber, Dale Ann. Heinonen, Nelli. Shaw, Norah Zuniga. Envisioning dance on film and video. Routledge, 2002. ISBN 0-415-94171-7
Reynolds, Simon. Press, Joy. The Sex Revolts: Gender, Rebellion, and Rock 'n' Roll. Harvard University Press, 1996. ISBN 978-0-674-80273-5
Ripani, Richard J. The New Blue Music: Changes in Rhythm & Blues, 1950–1999University Press of Mississippi, 2006. ISBN 1-57806-862-2
Smith, Jessie Carney. Notable Black American Women, Volume 2. Gale, 1996. ISBN 978-0-8103-9177-2
Starr, Larry. Waterman, Christopher Alan. American Popular Music: The Rock Years. Oxford University Press, 2006. ISBN 978-0-19-530052-9
Strong, Martin Charles. The Great Rock Discography: Complete Discographies Listing Every Track Recorded by More Than 1200 Artists. Canongate U.S., 2004. ISBN 1-84195-615-5
Vincent, Rickey. Clinton, George. Funk: The Music, The People, and The Rhythm of The One. Macmillan, 1996. ISBN 0-312-13499-1
Further reading[edit]
Bronson, Fred. The Billboard Book of Number One Hits. Billboard Books, 2003. ISBN 0-8230-7677-6
Hyatt, Wesley. The Billboard Book of Number One Adult Contemporary Hits. Billboard Books, 1999. ISBN 0-8230-7693-8
Warner, Jay. On this Day in Black Music History. Hal Leonard, 2006. ISBN 0-634-09926-4
External links[edit]
 Wikimedia Commons has media related to Janet Jackson.
Official website
Janet Jacksonat the Internet Movie Database
Janet Jacksonat AllMusic


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VIAF: 85428882·
LCCN: n86116106·
ISNI: 0000 0001 1773 0817·
GND: 119396874·
BNF: cb13895513r(data)·
MusicBrainz: 6be2828f-6c0d-4059-99d4-fa18acf1a296





 
 
 
 
 
 
 



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Daniel Allen Cox

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Jump to: navigation, search


Daniel Allen Cox

Occupation
Writer
Nationality
Canadian
Period
2000s-present
Notable works
Shuck, Krakow Melt
Daniel Allen Cox (born February 3, 1976) is a Canadian author and screenwriter. Shuck, his debut novel about a New York City hustler, was a Lambda Literary Award and a ReLit Award finalist.


Contents  [hide]
1 Life and career
2 Bibliography
3 References
4 External links

Life and career[edit]
Cox is described in interviews as a former Jehovah's Witness and model/actor in gay pornography.[1] From 2008 to 2011, he wrote the column "Fingerprinted" for Capital Xtra! in Ottawa, Ontario.[2]
Krakow Melt, the second novel by Cox, published by Arsenal Pulp Press, about Polish pyromaniacs who fight homophobia, was released in 2010 and was excerpted in the US-based national gay and lesbian newsmagazine The Advocate.[3] In 2011, Istanbul-based publisher Altikirkbes acquired Turkish-language rights to the novel for an underground literature imprint featuring Lydia Lunch.[4] The novel was nominated for the ReLit Award, the Lambda Literary Award and the Ferro-Grumley Award for LGBT Fiction. Cox's third novel, Basement of Wolves, was released in 2012.[5]
Cox co-wrote the screenplay for the Bruce LaBruce film Gerontophilia which premiered in 2013 at the Venice Film Festival and the Toronto International Film Festival, won the Grand Prix FOCUS for Best Canadian Film at the Festival du nouveau cinéma, had theatrical runs and television presentations in Canada, France, and Poland, and has screened at over seventy-five festivals worldwide. Gerontophilia will be released in theatres in the United States in 2015. [6][7]
Cox's short film script One Shut Night was performed live at the 2013 NYC PictureStart Film Festival in a stage reading directed by Peter Kelley.[8]
Cox has appeared at the Blue Metropolis Montreal International Literary Festival, Ottawa International Writers' Festival, Northeastern Illinois University, Columbia College Chicago,[9] McGill University,[10] Wilfrid Laurier University's Rainbow Centre, the San Francisco Sex Worker Arts Festival,[11] WESTFEST, GritLit, AIDS Committee of Ottawa, and CBC Radio One.[12][13] He is a former fiction editor of Outsider Ink, and his own fiction has appeared in numerous magazines and anthologies. He is openly gay.[14]
Tattoo This Madness In, his novella about LGBT Jehovah's Witnesses who use Smurf tattoos to rebel against their faith, was nominated for a 2007 Expozine Alternative Press Award.
Bibliography[edit]
Episodes of Deflated Magic (short story chapbook, Fever Press, 2004) ISBN 0-9732424-1-8
Year of the Thief (anthology story, Thieves Jargon Press, 2006) ISBN 0-9770750-1-X
Tattoo This Madness In (novella, Dusty Owl Press, 2006) ISBN 0-9739266-4-3
Shuck (novel, Arsenal Pulp Press, 2008) ISBN 978-1-55152-246-3
Second Person Queer (anthology essay, Arsenal Pulp Press, 2009) ISBN 978-1-55152-245-6
I Like It Like That (anthology story, Arsenal Pulp Press, 2009) ISBN 978-1-55152-259-3
Krakow Melt (novel, Arsenal Pulp Press, 2010) ISBN 978-1-55152-372-9
Basement of Wolves (novel, Arsenal Pulp Press, 2012) ISBN 978-1-55152-446-7
References[edit]
1.Jump up ^ Montreal Mirror, September 11, 2008.
2.Jump up ^ Daniel Allen Cox author archives. Xtra! Ottawa.
3.Jump up ^ "The Ninio in the Room". The Advocate, September 16, 2010.
4.Jump up ^ "Deals: Natalee Caple, Cary Fagan, Mariko Tamaki, and more". Quill & Quire, February 23, 2011.
5.Jump up ^ Basement of Wolves, Arsenal Pulp Press.
6.Jump up ^ Kilian Melloy. "When May Met December: Interview with Daniel Allen Cox". EDGE magazine. August 22, 2013.
7.Jump up ^ "Official Site for the film Gerontophilia"/
8.Jump up ^ NYC PictureStart Film Festival 2013 edition.
9.Jump up ^ LGBTQ students speak out. The Columbia Chronicle, October 18, 2010.
10.Jump up ^ "Hit List". Hour Community, November 23, 2006.
11.Jump up ^ Queer Arts Festival :: Formerly Known As. Edge San Francisco, June 10, 2009.
12.Jump up ^ Ottawa International Writer's Festival.
13.Jump up ^ CBC Radio One, December 2, 2006.
14.Jump up ^ "Francis Vol interviews Daniel Allen Cox", Velvet Mafia (21), retrieved October 6, 2007
External links[edit]
Daniel Allen Cox at the Internet Movie Database


Authority control
VIAF: 106675625 ·
 ISNI: 0000 0000 8459 2138
 




 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  


Categories: 1976 births
Canadian male novelists
Canadian screenwriters
LGBT writers from Canada
Gay writers
Living people
Writers from Quebec
LGBT screenwriters
Former Jehovah's Witnesses
21st-century Canadian novelists
LGBT novelists






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Daniel Allen Cox

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Jump to: navigation, search


Daniel Allen Cox

Occupation
Writer
Nationality
Canadian
Period
2000s-present
Notable works
Shuck, Krakow Melt
Daniel Allen Cox (born February 3, 1976) is a Canadian author and screenwriter. Shuck, his debut novel about a New York City hustler, was a Lambda Literary Award and a ReLit Award finalist.


Contents  [hide]
1 Life and career
2 Bibliography
3 References
4 External links

Life and career[edit]
Cox is described in interviews as a former Jehovah's Witness and model/actor in gay pornography.[1] From 2008 to 2011, he wrote the column "Fingerprinted" for Capital Xtra! in Ottawa, Ontario.[2]
Krakow Melt, the second novel by Cox, published by Arsenal Pulp Press, about Polish pyromaniacs who fight homophobia, was released in 2010 and was excerpted in the US-based national gay and lesbian newsmagazine The Advocate.[3] In 2011, Istanbul-based publisher Altikirkbes acquired Turkish-language rights to the novel for an underground literature imprint featuring Lydia Lunch.[4] The novel was nominated for the ReLit Award, the Lambda Literary Award and the Ferro-Grumley Award for LGBT Fiction. Cox's third novel, Basement of Wolves, was released in 2012.[5]
Cox co-wrote the screenplay for the Bruce LaBruce film Gerontophilia which premiered in 2013 at the Venice Film Festival and the Toronto International Film Festival, won the Grand Prix FOCUS for Best Canadian Film at the Festival du nouveau cinéma, had theatrical runs and television presentations in Canada, France, and Poland, and has screened at over seventy-five festivals worldwide. Gerontophilia will be released in theatres in the United States in 2015. [6][7]
Cox's short film script One Shut Night was performed live at the 2013 NYC PictureStart Film Festival in a stage reading directed by Peter Kelley.[8]
Cox has appeared at the Blue Metropolis Montreal International Literary Festival, Ottawa International Writers' Festival, Northeastern Illinois University, Columbia College Chicago,[9] McGill University,[10] Wilfrid Laurier University's Rainbow Centre, the San Francisco Sex Worker Arts Festival,[11] WESTFEST, GritLit, AIDS Committee of Ottawa, and CBC Radio One.[12][13] He is a former fiction editor of Outsider Ink, and his own fiction has appeared in numerous magazines and anthologies. He is openly gay.[14]
Tattoo This Madness In, his novella about LGBT Jehovah's Witnesses who use Smurf tattoos to rebel against their faith, was nominated for a 2007 Expozine Alternative Press Award.
Bibliography[edit]
Episodes of Deflated Magic (short story chapbook, Fever Press, 2004) ISBN 0-9732424-1-8
Year of the Thief (anthology story, Thieves Jargon Press, 2006) ISBN 0-9770750-1-X
Tattoo This Madness In (novella, Dusty Owl Press, 2006) ISBN 0-9739266-4-3
Shuck (novel, Arsenal Pulp Press, 2008) ISBN 978-1-55152-246-3
Second Person Queer (anthology essay, Arsenal Pulp Press, 2009) ISBN 978-1-55152-245-6
I Like It Like That (anthology story, Arsenal Pulp Press, 2009) ISBN 978-1-55152-259-3
Krakow Melt (novel, Arsenal Pulp Press, 2010) ISBN 978-1-55152-372-9
Basement of Wolves (novel, Arsenal Pulp Press, 2012) ISBN 978-1-55152-446-7
References[edit]
1.Jump up ^ Montreal Mirror, September 11, 2008.
2.Jump up ^ Daniel Allen Cox author archives. Xtra! Ottawa.
3.Jump up ^ "The Ninio in the Room". The Advocate, September 16, 2010.
4.Jump up ^ "Deals: Natalee Caple, Cary Fagan, Mariko Tamaki, and more". Quill & Quire, February 23, 2011.
5.Jump up ^ Basement of Wolves, Arsenal Pulp Press.
6.Jump up ^ Kilian Melloy. "When May Met December: Interview with Daniel Allen Cox". EDGE magazine. August 22, 2013.
7.Jump up ^ "Official Site for the film Gerontophilia"/
8.Jump up ^ NYC PictureStart Film Festival 2013 edition.
9.Jump up ^ LGBTQ students speak out. The Columbia Chronicle, October 18, 2010.
10.Jump up ^ "Hit List". Hour Community, November 23, 2006.
11.Jump up ^ Queer Arts Festival :: Formerly Known As. Edge San Francisco, June 10, 2009.
12.Jump up ^ Ottawa International Writer's Festival.
13.Jump up ^ CBC Radio One, December 2, 2006.
14.Jump up ^ "Francis Vol interviews Daniel Allen Cox", Velvet Mafia (21), retrieved October 6, 2007
External links[edit]
Daniel Allen Cox at the Internet Movie Database


Authority control
VIAF: 106675625 ·
 ISNI: 0000 0000 8459 2138
 




 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  


Categories: 1976 births
Canadian male novelists
Canadian screenwriters
LGBT writers from Canada
Gay writers
Living people
Writers from Quebec
LGBT screenwriters
Former Jehovah's Witnesses
21st-century Canadian novelists
LGBT novelists






Navigation menu



Create account
Log in



Article

Talk









Read

Edit

View history

















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Random article
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Recent changes
Contact page

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Related changes
Upload file
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Cite this page

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This page was last modified on 27 April 2015, at 13:10.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License; additional terms may apply. By using this site, you agree to the Terms of Use and Privacy Policy. Wikipedia® is a registered trademark of the Wikimedia Foundation, Inc., a non-profit organization.
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 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Daniel_Allen_Cox








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Patti Smith

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Jump to: navigation, search

For the lead singer of the band Scandal, see Patty Smyth. For other persons of the same name, see Patricia Smith (disambiguation).

Patti Smith
Patti Smith.jpg
Patti Smith performing at Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, 1978

Background information

Birth name
Patricia Lee Smith
Born
December 30, 1946 (age 68)
Chicago, Illinois, USA
Origin
New York City
Genres
Rock, protopunk, punk rock, art punk, blues rock
Occupation(s)
Singer-songwriter, poet, artist
Instruments
Vocals, guitar, clarinet
Years active
1971–present
Labels
Arista, Columbia
Associated acts
Tom Verlaine
Website
www.pattismith.net
Patricia Lee "Patti" Smith (born December 30, 1946)[1] is an American singer-songwriter, poet and visual artist who became a highly influential component of the New York City punk rock movement with her 1975 debut album Horses.[2]
Called the "punk poet laureate", Smith fused rock and poetry in her work. Smith's most widely known song is "Because the Night", which was co-written with Bruce Springsteen and reached number 13 on the Billboard Hot 100 chart in 1978.[2] In 2005, Patti Smith was named a Commander of the Ordre des Arts et des Lettres by the French Ministry of Culture,[3] and in 2007, she was inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame.[4] On November 17, 2010, she won the National Book Award for her memoir Just Kids.[5] She is also a recipient of the 2011 Polar Music Prize.


Contents  [hide]
1 Life and career 1.1 1946–1967: Early life
1.2 1967–1973: New York
1.3 1974–1979: Patti Smith Group
1.4 1980–1995: Marriage
1.5 1996–2003: Re-emergence
1.6 2004–present
2 Influence
3 Activism
4 Band members
5 Discography
6 Bibliography
7 References
8 Further reading
9 External links

Life and career[edit]
1946–1967: Early life[edit]
Patricia Lee Smith was born in Chicago.[1] Her mother, Beverly, was a waitress, and her father, Grant, worked at the Honeywell plant. The family was of Irish heritage.[citation needed] She spent her early childhood in the Germantown neighborhood of Philadelphia,[6] before her family moved to Woodbury Gardens, Deptford Township, New Jersey.[7][8] Her mother was a Jehovah's Witness. Patti had a strong religious upbringing and a Bible education, but left organized religion as a teenager because she felt it was too confining; much later, she wrote the line "Jesus died for somebody's sins, but not mine" in her cover version of Them's "Gloria" in response to this experience.[9] She has described having an avid interest in Tibetan Buddhism around the age of eleven or twelve, saying "I fell in love with Tibet because their essential mission was to keep a continual stream of prayer," but that as an adult she sees clear parallels between different forms of religion, and has come to the conclusion that religious dogmas are "...man-made laws that you can either decide to abide by or not."[10] At this early age Smith was exposed to her first records, including Shrimp Boats by Harry Belafonte, Patience and Prudence doing The Money Tree, and Another Side of Bob Dylan, which her mother gave to her. Smith graduated from Deptford Township High School in 1964 and went to work in a factory.[2][11] She gave birth to her first child, a daughter, on April 26, 1967, and chose to place her for adoption.[11]
1967–1973: New York[edit]
In 1967, she left Glassboro State College (now Rowan University) and moved to New York City. She met photographer Robert Mapplethorpe there while working at a book store with a friend, poet Janet Hamill. She and Mapplethorpe had an intense romantic relationship, which was tumultuous as the pair struggled with times of poverty, and Mapplethorpe with his own sexuality. Smith considers Mapplethorpe to be one of the most important people in her life, and in her book Just Kids refers to him as "the artist of my life". Mapplethorpe's photographs of her became the covers for the Patti Smith Group LPs, and they remained friends until Mapplethorpe's death in 1989.[12] In 1969 she went to Paris with her sister and started busking and doing performance art.[7] When Smith returned to New York City, she lived in the Hotel Chelsea with Mapplethorpe; they frequented Max's Kansas City and CBGB. Smith provided the spoken word soundtrack for Sandy Daley's art film Robert Having His Nipple Pierced, starring Mapplethorpe. The same year Smith appeared with Wayne County in Jackie Curtis's play Femme Fatale. As a member of the St. Mark's Poetry Project, she spent the early 1970s painting, writing, and performing. In 1971 she performed – for one night only – in Cowboy Mouth,[13] a play that she co-wrote with Sam Shepard. (The published play's notes call for "a man who looks like a coyote and a woman who looks like a crow".) She wrote several poems, "for sam shepard"[14] and "Sam Shepard: 9 Random Years (7 + 2)"[15] about her relationship with Shepard.
Smith was briefly considered for the lead singer position in Blue Öyster Cult. She contributed lyrics to several of the band's songs, including "Debbie Denise" (inspired by her poem "In Remembrance of Debbie Denise"), "Baby Ice Dog", "Career of Evil", "Fire of Unknown Origin", "The Revenge of Vera Gemini" (on which she performs duet vocals), and "Shooting Shark". She was romantically involved at the time with the band's keyboardist, Allen Lanier. During these years, Smith also wrote rock journalism, some of which was published in Rolling Stone and Creem.[16]
1974–1979: Patti Smith Group[edit]



 Tivolis Koncertsal, Copenhagen, October 6, 1976
By 1974, Patti Smith was performing rock music herself, initially with guitarist, bassist and rock archivist Lenny Kaye, and later with a full band comprising Kaye, Ivan Kral on guitar and bass, Jay Dee Daugherty on drums and Richard Sohl on piano. Ivan Kral was a refugee from Czechoslovakia, he moved to the USA in 1966 with his parents who were diplomats. After the Warsaw Pact invasion of Czechoslovakia in 1968, Kral decided not to return.[17] Financed by Sam Wagstaff, the band recorded a first single, "Hey Joe / Piss Factory", in 1974. The A-side was a version of the rock standard with the addition of a spoken word piece about fugitive heiress Patty Hearst ("Patty Hearst, you're standing there in front of the Symbionese Liberation Army flag with your legs spread, I was wondering were you gettin' it every night from a black revolutionary man and his women...").[18] The B-side describes the helpless anger Smith had felt while working on a factory assembly line and the salvation she discovered in the form of a shoplifted book, the 19th century French poet Arthur Rimbaud's Illuminations.[2] In a 1996 interview which discusses artistic influences during her young years, Smith said, "I had devoted so much of my girlish daydreams to Rimbaud. Rimbaud was like my boyfriend."[10]



 Smith performing with the Patti Smith Group, in Germany, 1978



"Gloria"










"Because the Night"










"Dancing Barefoot"








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Later that same year, she performed spoken poetry on "I Wake Up Screaming" from Ray Manzarek's The Whole Thing Started with Rock & Roll Now It's Out of Control album.
The Patti Smith Group was signed by Clive Davis of Arista Records, and in 1975 recorded their first album, Horses, produced by John Cale amid some tension. The album fused punk rock and spoken poetry and begins with a cover of Van Morrison's "Gloria", and Smith's opening words: "Jesus died for somebody's sins but not mine" (an excerpt from "Oath," one of her early poems). The austere cover photograph by Mapplethorpe has become one of rock's classic images.[19] As the popularity of punk rock grew, Patti Smith Group toured the United States and Europe. The rawer sound of the group's second album, Radio Ethiopia, reflected this. Considerably less accessible than Horses, Radio Ethiopia initially received poor reviews. However, several of its songs have stood the test of time, and Smith still performs them regularly in concert.[20] She has said that Radio Ethiopia was influenced by the band MC5.[10]
On January 23, 1977, while touring in support of Radio Ethiopia, Smith accidentally danced off a high stage in Tampa, Florida, and fell 15 feet into a concrete orchestra pit, breaking several neck vertebrae.[21] The injury required a period of rest and an intensive round of physical therapy, during which time she was able to reassess, re-energize and reorganize her life. Patti Smith Group produced two further albums before the end of the 1970s. Easter (1978) was her most commercially successful record, containing the single "Because the Night" co-written with Bruce Springsteen. Wave (1979) was less successful, although the songs "Frederick" and "Dancing Barefoot" both received commercial airplay.[22]
1980–1995: Marriage[edit]




"People Have the Power"








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 Smith with her daughter Jesse Smith at the 2011 Time 100 gala
Before the release of Wave, Smith, now separated from long-time partner Allen Lanier, met Fred "Sonic" Smith, former guitar player for Detroit rock band MC5 and his own Sonic's Rendezvous Band, who adored poetry as much as she did. (Wave's "Dancing Barefoot" and "Frederick" were both dedicated to him.)[23] The running joke at the time was that she married Fred only because she would not have to change her name.[24] They had a son, Jackson (b. 1982) who would go on to marry The White Stripes drummer, Meg White in 2009;[25] and a daughter, Jesse (b. 1987). Through most of the 1980s Patti Smith was in semi-retirement from music, living with her family north of Detroit in St. Clair Shores, Michigan. In June 1988, she released the album Dream of Life, which included the song "People Have the Power". Fred Smith died on November 4, 1994, of a heart attack. Shortly afterward, Patti faced the unexpected death of her brother Todd[7] and original keyboard player Richard Sohl. When her son Jackson turned 14, Smith decided to move back to New York. After the impact of these deaths, her friends Michael Stipe of R.E.M. and Allen Ginsberg (whom she had known since her early years in New York) urged her to go back out on the road. She toured briefly with Bob Dylan in December 1995 (chronicled in a book of photographs by Stipe).[13]
1996–2003: Re-emergence[edit]




"Summer Cannibals"








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In 1996, Smith worked with her long-time colleagues to record Gone Again, featuring "About a Boy", a tribute to Kurt Cobain. That same year she collaborated with Stipe on "E-Bow the Letter", a song on R.E.M.'s New Adventures in Hi-Fi, which she has also performed live with the band.[26] After release of Gone Again, Patti Smith recorded two new albums: Peace and Noise in 1997 (with the single "1959", about the invasion of Tibet) and Gung Ho in 2000 (with songs about Ho Chi Minh and Smith's late father). Songs "1959" and "Glitter in Their Eyes" were nominated for Grammy Award for Best Female Rock Vocal Performance.[27] A box set of her work up to that time, The Patti Smith Masters, came out in 1996, and 2002 saw the release of Land (1975–2002), a two-CD compilation that includes a memorable cover of Prince's "When Doves Cry". Smith's solo art exhibition Strange Messenger was hosted at The Andy Warhol Museum in Pittsburgh on September 28, 2002.[28]
2004–present[edit]




"Jubilee"








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On April 27, 2004, Patti Smith released Trampin' which included several songs about motherhood, partly in tribute to Smith's mother, who had died two years before. It was her first album on Columbia Records, soon to become a sister label to her previous home Arista Records. Smith curated the Meltdown festival in London on June 25, 2005, the penultimate event being the first live performance of Horses in its entirety.[29] Guitarist Tom Verlaine took Oliver Ray's place. This live performance was released later in the year as Horses/Horses.



 TIM festival, Marina da Glória,
Rio de Janeiro, October 28, 2006
On July 10, 2005, Smith was named a Commander of the Ordre des Arts et des Lettres by the French Ministry of Culture.[3] In addition to Smith's influence on rock music, the Minister also noted her appreciation of Arthur Rimbaud. In August 2005, Smith gave a literary lecture about the poems of Arthur Rimbaud and William Blake. On October 15, 2006, Patti Smith performed at the CBGB nightclub, with a 3½-hour tour de force to close out Manhattan's music venue. She took the stage at 9:30 p.m. (EDT) and closed for the night (and forever for the venue) at a few minutes after 1:00 a.m., performing her song "Elegie", and finally reading a list of punk rock musicians and advocates who had died in the previous years.[30]
On November 10, 2005, Smith received the Woman of Valor Award from ROCKRGRL Magazine at the ROCKRGRL Music Conference, marking the 30th Anniversary of the release of "Horses."
Smith was inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame on March 12, 2007.[4] She dedicated her award to the memory of her late husband, Fred, and gave a performance of The Rolling Stones staple "Gimme Shelter". As the closing number of the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame Induction Ceremony, Smith's "People Have the Power" was used for the big celebrity jam that always ends the program.[31]
 From November 2006 - January 2007, an exhibition called 'Sur les Traces'[32] at Trolley Gallery, London, featured polaroid prints taken by Patti Smith and donated to Trolley to raise awareness and funds for the publication of Double Blind, a book on the war in Lebanon in 2006, with photographs by Paolo Pellegrin, a member of Magnum Photos. She also participated in the DVD commentary for Aqua Teen Hunger Force Colon Movie Film for Theaters. From March 28 to June 22, 2008, the Fondation Cartier pour l'Art Contemporain in Paris hosted a major exhibition of the visual artwork of Patti Smith, Land 250, drawn from pieces created between 1967 and 2007.[33] At the 2008 Rowan Commencement ceremony, Smith received an honorary doctorate degree for her contributions to popular culture.



 Smith with National Book Critics Circle President Jane Ciabattari and NBCC board member John Reed. Smith's memoir Just Kids was an NBCC autobiography finalist at the 2010 awards.[34]
Smith is the subject of a 2008 documentary film, Patti Smith: Dream of Life.[35] A live album by Patti Smith and Kevin Shields, The Coral Sea was released in July 2008. On September 10, 2009, after a week of smaller events and exhibitions in the city, Smith played an open-air concert in Florence's Piazza Santa Croce, commemorating her performance in the same city 30 years earlier.[36] In the meantime, she contributed with a special introduction to Jessica Lange's book 50 Photographs (2009).[37] In 2010, Patti Smith's book, Just Kids, a memoir of her time in 1970s Manhattan and her relationship with Robert Mapplethorpe, was published; it later won the National Book Award for Nonfiction.[5][38] On April 30, 2010, Patti Smith headlined a benefit concert headed by band-mate Tony Shanahan, for The Court Tavern of New Brunswick.[39] Smith's set included "Gloria", "Because the Night" and "People Have the Power." She has a brief cameo in Jean-Luc Godard's 2010 Film Socialisme, which was first screened in the Un Certain Regard section at the 2010 Cannes Film Festival.[40]
On May 17, 2010, Patti Smith received an honorary doctorate in fine arts from Pratt Institute, along with architect Daniel Libeskind, MoMA director Glenn Lowry, former NYC Landmarks Commissioner Barbaralee Diamonstein-Spielvogel, novelist Jonathan Lethem, and director Steven Soderbergh.[41] Following the conferral of her degree, Smith delivered the commencement address[42] and sang/played two songs accompanied by long-time band member Lenny Kaye. In her remarks, Smith explained that in 1967 when she moved to New York City (Brooklyn), she would never have been accepted into Pratt, but most of her friends (including Mapplethorpe) were students at Pratt and she spent countless hours on the Pratt campus. She added that it was through her friends and their Pratt professors that she learned much of her own artistic skills, making the honour from the institute particularly poignant for Smith 43 years later.[43]
Smith is currently working on a crime novel set in London. "I've been working on a detective story that starts at the St Giles in the Fields church in London for the last two years," she told NME adding that she "loved detective stories" having been a fan of Sherlock Holmes and US crime author Mickey Spillane as a girl.[44] Part of the book will be set in Gothenburg, Sweden.[45]
On May 3, 2011, it was announced that Patti Smith is one of the winners of the Polar Music Prize: "By devoting her life to art in all its forms, Patti Smith has demonstrated how much rock’n'roll there is in poetry and how much poetry there is in rock’n'roll. Patti Smith is a Rimbaud with Marshall amps. She has transformed the way an entire generation looks, thinks and dreams. With her inimitable soul of an artist, Patti Smith proves over and over again that people have the power."
On June 19, 2011, Patti Smith made her television acting debut on the TV series Law & Order: Criminal Intent, appearing in an episode called "Icarus".[46]
Smith has recorded a cover of Buddy Holly's classic "Words of Love" for the CD Rave On Buddy Holly, a tribute album tied to Holly's seventy-fifth birthday year which was released June 28, 2011.[47]
Smith also contributed a track to "AHK-toong BAY-bi Covered", a U2 covers album released through Q Magazine on October 25, 2011. Smith recorded a cover of "Until The End Of The World" for the compilation.
More recently, Smith has devoted her time to what she terms 'pure photography' (a method of capturing still objects without using a flash), which she began to pursue following the death of her husband in 1994.[48] In 2011, Smith announced the first museum exhibition of her photography in the United States, Camera Solo. She named the project after a sign she saw in the abode of Pope Celestine V, which translates as 'a room of one's own', and which Smith felt best described her solitary method of photography.[48] The exhibition featured artifacts which were the everyday items or places of significance of artists whom Smith admires, including Rimbaud, Baudelaire, Keats and Blake.
In February 2012, she was a guest at the Sanremo Music Festival.
Patti Smith's newest album, Banga (Believe or explode), was released in early June 2012 with critical acclaim. Music Journalist Hal Horowitz wrote : "These songs aren’t as loud or frantic as those of her late 70s heyday, but they resonate just as boldly as she moans, chants, speaks and spits out lyrics with the grace and determination of Mohammad Ali in his prime. It’s not an easy listen—the vast majority of her music never has been—but if you’re a fan and/or prepared for the challenge, this is as potent, heady and uncompromising as she has ever gotten, and with Smith’s storied history as a musical maverick, that’s saying plenty."[49] Overall, she has stayed true to her style of blending rock and poetry.



 Patti Smith performing at Haldern Pop 2014
Smith provides lead vocals on the title track to Red Hot Chili Peppers bassist, Flea's 2012 debut solo EP titled Helen Burns.
Smith was honored by Bryn Mawr College by receiving the 2013 Katharine Hepburn Medal on February 7, 2013.
Pope Francis greeted Smith, among other officials, visitors, and faithful, in St. Peter's Square on 11 April 2013.[50] Although Smith maintains she is not Catholic, she says she followed[clarification needed] the Conclave after Benedict XVI´s resignation.
Smith recorded the song Capitol Letter for the official soundtrack of the second film of the Hunger Games-series The Hunger Games: Catching Fire.[51]
As of late December 2013 Smith was working on her second book and still performing.[52]
The Vatican announced that Smith will play at the Concerto di Natale, the official Vatican Christmas Concert, on December 13; the performance, to be held at Rome's Auditorium Conciliazione, will also be broadcast live on television.[53]
Influence[edit]



Provinssirock festival, Seinäjoki, Finland, June 16, 2007
Smith has been a great source of inspiration for Michael Stipe of R.E.M. Listening to her album Horses (album) when he was 15 made a huge impact on him; he said later, "I decided then that I was going to start a band."[54] In 1998, Stipe published a collection of photos called Two Times Intro: On the Road with Patti Smith. Stipe sings backing vocals on Smith's songs "Last Call" and "Glitter in Their Eyes." Patti also sings background vocals on R.E.M.'s songs "E-Bow the Letter" and "Blue".
The Australian alternative rock band, The Go-Betweens dedicated a track (When She Sang About Angels) off their 2000 album, The Friends of Rachel Worth, to Smith's long time influence.[55]
In 2004, Shirley Manson of Garbage spoke of Smith's influence on her in Rolling Stone's issue "The Immortals: 100 Greatest Artists of All Time", in which Patti Smith was counted number 47.[56] The Smiths members Morrissey and Johnny Marr shared an appreciation for Smith's Horses, and reveal that their song "The Hand That Rocks the Cradle" is a reworking of one of the album's tracks, "Kimberly".[57] In 2004, Sonic Youth released an album called Hidros 3 (to Patti Smith).[58] U2 also cites Patti Smith as an influence.[59] In 2005 Scottish singer-songwriter KT Tunstall released the single "Suddenly I See" as a tribute of sorts to Patti Smith.[60] Canadian actress Ellen Page frequently mentions Smith as one of her idols and has done various photo shoots replicating famous Smith photos, as well as Irish actress Maria Doyle Kennedy who often refers to Smith as a major influence.[61] In 1978 and 1979, Gilda Radner portrayed a character called Candy Slice on Saturday Night Live based on Smith.
Alternative rock singer-songwriter Courtney Love of Hole heavily credited Smith as being a huge influence on her; Love received Smith's album Horses in juvenile hall as a teenager, and "realized that you could do something that was completely subversive that didn't involve violence [or] felonies. I stopped making trouble," said Love. "I stopped."[62] Hole's classic track "Violet" features the lyrics "And the sky was all violet / I want it again, but violent, more violent", alluding to lyrics from Smith's "Kimberly".[63] Love later stated that she considered "Rock n Roll Nigger" the greatest rock song of all time.[64]
American pop-dance singer Madonna has also named Smith as one of her biggest influences.[65]
Anglo-Celtic rock band The Waterboys' debut single, "A Girl Called Johnny", was written as a tribute to Smith.[66]
The influence of Smith's music is featured in two award-winning young adult novels by Meagan Brothers, Debbie Harry Sings in French and especially Supergirl Mixtapes.
Activism[edit]
In 1993, Smith contributed "Memorial Tribute (Live)" to the AIDS-Benefit Album No Alternative produced by the Red Hot Organization.
Furthermore, Smith has been a supporter of the Green Party and backed Ralph Nader in the 2000 United States presidential election.[67] She led the crowd singing "Over the Rainbow" and "People Have the Power" at the campaign's rallies, and also performed at several of Nader's subsequent "Democracy Rising" events.[68] Smith was a speaker and singer at the first protests against the Iraq War as U.S. President George W. Bush spoke to the United Nations General Assembly. Smith supported Democratic candidate John Kerry in the 2004 election. Bruce Springsteen continued performing her "People Have the Power" at Vote for Change campaign events. In the winter of 2004/2005, Smith toured again with Nader in a series of rallies against the Iraq War and called for the impeachment of George W. Bush.[67]
Smith premiered two new protest songs in London in September 2006.[69] Louise Jury, writing in The Independent, characterized them as "an emotional indictment of American and Israeli foreign policy". The song "Qana"[70] was about the Israeli airstrike on the Lebanese village of Qana. "Without Chains"[71] is about Murat Kurnaz, a Turkish citizen who was born and raised in Germany, held at Guantanamo Bay detainment camp for four years. Jury's article quotes Smith as saying:

I wrote both these songs directly in response to events that I felt outraged about. These are injustices against children and the young men and women who are being incarcerated. I'm an American, I pay taxes in my name and they are giving millions and millions of dollars to a country such as Israel and cluster bombs and defense technology and those bombs were dropped on common citizens in Qana. It's terrible. It's a human rights violation.
In an interview, Smith stated that Kurnaz's family has contacted her and that she wrote a short preface for the book that he was writing.[72] Kurnaz's book, "Five Years of My Life," was published in English by Palgrave Macmillan in March 2008, with Patti's introduction.[73]
On March 26, 2003, ten days after Rachel Corrie's death, Smith appeared in Austin, Texas, and performed an anti-war concert. She subsequently wrote a song "Peaceable Kingdom" which was inspired by and is dedicated to Rachel Corrie.[74]
In 2009, in her Meltdown concert in Festival Hall, she paid homage to the Iranians taking part in post-election protests by saying "Where is My Vote?" in a version of the song "People Have the Power".[75]
Band members[edit]



Bowery Ballroom, New York City, December 31, 2007
1974
Lenny Kaye – guitar

1974
Lenny Kaye – guitar
Richard Sohl – keyboards

1975–1977
Lenny Kaye – guitar, bass
Richard Sohl – keyboards
Ivan Kral – guitar, bass
Jay Dee Daugherty – drums

1978
Lenny Kaye – guitar, bass
Ivan Kral – guitar, bass
Jay Dee Daugherty – drums
Bruce Brody– keyboards

1979
Lenny Kaye – guitar, bass
Richard Sohl – keyboards
Ivan Kral – guitar, bass
Jay Dee Daugherty – drums

1988
Fred "Sonic" Smith – guitar
Richard Sohl – keyboards
Jay Dee Daugherty – drums

1996
Lenny Kaye – guitar
Jay Dee Daugherty – drums
Tony Shanahan – bass
Luis Resto– keyboards

1996-2005
Lenny Kaye – guitar
Jay Dee Daugherty – drums
Tony Shanahan – bass, keyboards
Oliver Ray – guitar

2006
Lenny Kaye – guitar
Jay Dee Daugherty – drums
Tony Shanahan – keyboards, bass
Tom Verlaine – guitar
Flea – bass and trumpet

2007–present
Lenny Kaye – guitar
Jay Dee Daugherty – drums
Tony Shanahan – bass, keyboards
Jack Petruzzelli – guitar, bass, keyboards

Discography[edit]
Main article: Patti Smith discography
Studio albumsHorses (1975)
Radio Ethiopia (1976)
Easter (1978)
Wave (1979)
Dream of Life (1988)
Gone Again (1996)
Peace and Noise (1997)
Gung Ho (2000)
Trampin' (2004)
Twelve (2007)
Banga (2012)
Bibliography[edit]
Seventh Heaven (1972)
Early Morning Dream (1972)
Witt (1973)
Ha! Ha! Houdini! (1977)
Babel (1978)
Woolgathering (1992)
Early Work (1994)
The Coral Sea (1996)
Patti Smith Complete (1998)
Strange Messenger (2003)
Auguries of Innocence (2005)
Poems (Vintage Classics) by William Blake.
 Edited by and with introduction by Patti Smith (2007)
Land 250 (2008)
Trois (2008)
Great Lyricists foreword Rick Moody (2008)
Just Kids (2010)
References[edit]
1.^ Jump up to: a b Bockris, Victor; Bayley, Roberta (1999). Patti Smith: an unauthorized biography. Simon and Schuster. p. 19. ISBN 978-0-684-82363-8.
2.^ Jump up to: a b c d Huey, Steve. "Patti Smith > Biography". AllMusic. Rovi Corporation. Retrieved 2009-04-18.
3.^ Jump up to: a b "Remise des insignes de Commandeur dans l'Ordre des Arts et des Lettres à Patti Smith "Solidays"" (in French). Paris: French Ministry of Culture. 2005-07-10. Retrieved 2009-04-18.
4.^ Jump up to: a b "Patti Smith". Cleveland, Ohio: Rock and Roll Hall of Fame. 2007. Retrieved 2009-04-18.
5.^ Jump up to: a b "National Book Awards – 2010". National Book Foundation. Retrieved 2012-02-26. (With acceptance speech, interview, and reading.)
6.Jump up ^ 1957: a childhood on fire, The Independent , 28 April 2012, in Radar section, with extract from Woolgathering by Patti Smith.
7.^ Jump up to: a b c "Patti Smith – Biography. "Three chord rock merged with the power of the word"". Arista Records. June 1996. Archived from the original on June 11, 2008. Retrieved 2009-04-19.
8.Jump up ^ LaGorce, Tammy (2005-12-11). "Patti Smith, New Jersey's Truest Rock-Poet". The New York Times (New York City: The New York Times Company). Retrieved 2010-07-20. "But of all the ways to know Patti Smith, few people, including Ms. Smith, would think to embrace her as Deptford ramonesproudest export."
9.Jump up ^ Robertson, Jessica (2007). "Exclusive Interview with Patti Smith". Spinner. AOL. Retrieved 2008-02-04.[dead link]
10.^ Jump up to: a b c Moore, Thurston, “Patti Smith”, BOMB Magazine Winter, 1996. Retrieved 2012-07-18.
11.^ Jump up to: a b Smith, Patti (2010). Just Kids, p. 20. HarperCollins, New York. ISBN 978-0-06-621131-2.
12.Jump up ^ Smith, Patti (1997-10-17). A conversation with singer Patti Smith (VIDEO). (Interview). Charlie Rose. WNET. New York. Retrieved 2011-01-12.
13.^ Jump up to: a b "Patti Smith: Biography". The Rolling Stone Encyclopedia of Rock & Roll. Rolling Stone. 2001. Archived from the original on 2007-12-12. Retrieved 2008-02-04.
14.Jump up ^ "for sam shepard," in Creem Sept. 1971 link
15.Jump up ^ included in Angel City, Curse of the Starving Class & Other Plays (1976), (bibliographic information)
16.Jump up ^ Khanna, Vish (May 2007). "Patti Smith Fights the Good Fight - Timeline". Canada: Exclaim!. Retrieved 2008-12-05.[dead link]
17.Jump up ^ Bezr, Ondrej (2010-06-25). "Ceský rocker Ivan Král vstoupil s Patti Smith do Kongresové knihovny" [Czech rocker Ivan Král entered the Congress library with Patti Smith]. iDnes (in Czech). Retrieved 2014-08-20.
18.Jump up ^ "Hey Joe lyrics". Retrieved 2008-02-04.
19.Jump up ^ "Seventies' Greatest Album Covers". Rolling Stone. 1991-11-14. Retrieved 2008-02-04.
20.Jump up ^ "Patti Smith setlists, 2007". Retrieved 2008-02-07.
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22.Jump up ^ Smith, Patti (2002). "Song of the Week: Dancing Barefoot". Archived from the original on 2008-01-12. Retrieved 2008-02-26.
23.Jump up ^ Deming, Mark. "Dancing Barefoot". Allmusic. Retrieved 2008-02-07.
24.Jump up ^ "Babel-list". 1999. Retrieved 2008-02-07.
25.Jump up ^ "Meg White and Jackson Smith wed in Nashville". The Seattle Times. seattletimes.com. 2009-05-26. Retrieved 2012-10-19.
26.Jump up ^ Stephen Thomas Erlewine. "New Adventures in Hi-Fi". Allmusic. Retrieved 2008-02-07.
27.Jump up ^ "Grammy Awards: Best Rock Vocal Performance - Female". Retrieved 2008-03-06.
28.Jump up ^ "The Andy Warhol Museum Announces Patti Smith Performance and Retrospective Exhibition" (PDF). The Andy Warhol Museum. 2002-05-03. Archived from the original (PDF) on December 31, 2006. Retrieved 2008-03-19.
29.Jump up ^ Vulliamy, Ed (2005-06-03). "Some give a song. Some give a life...". London: The Guardian. Retrieved 2008-02-08.
30.Jump up ^ Pareles, Jon (2006-10-16). "Fans of a Groundbreaking Club Mourn and Then Move On". The New York Times. Retrieved 2008-02-04.
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34.Jump up ^ NBCC Awards Night: President’s Welcome, Jane Ciabattari, Critical Mass, March 12, 2011; accessed April 15, 2011.
35.Jump up ^ Patti Smith: Dream of Life, Variety, January 29, 2008. Accessed online May 23, 2008.
36.Jump up ^ Patti Smith and Florence, a never-ending story[dead link], Agenzia per il Turismo, Firenze, July, 2009. Retrieved September 30, 2009.
37.Jump up ^ Pompeo, Joe (2008-08-21). "Jessica Lange and Patti Smith Team Up". The Observer. Guardian Media Group. Retrieved 2011-05-11.
38.Jump up ^ Carson, Tom (2010-01-29). "The Night Belongs to Us". New York Times. Retrieved 2010-02-10.
39.Jump up ^ Jordan, Chris (April 30, 2010). "Patti Smith, Bands Unite to Save the Court Tavern in New Brunswick". Courier News. Gannett Company. Retrieved October 6, 2010.[dead link]
40.Jump up ^ "Costa Concordia was the set for a movie directed by Jean-Luc Godard". To Be A Travel Agent.
41.Jump up ^ "Pratt Institute's 2010 Commencement Ceremony at Radio City Music Hall". Pratt.edu. 2010-04-28. Retrieved 2011-07-15.
42.Jump up ^ "Video of Smith's speech". Youtube.com. Retrieved 2011-07-15.
43.Jump up ^ Murg, Stephanie (2010-05-20). "Patti Smith doesn't disappoint at Pratt's commencement". Mediabistro.com. Retrieved 2011-07-15.
44.Jump up ^ "Patti Smith writing detective novel". Nme.Com. Retrieved 2011-02-21.
45.Jump up ^ / TT Spektra (2011-02-17). "Patti Smith skriver deckare - Kultur & Nöje" (in Swedish). www.gp.se. Retrieved 2011-02-21.
46.Jump up ^ Stanhope, Kate (2011-06-16). "Exclusive First Look: Punk Rocker Patti Smith Makes Her Acting Debut on Law & Order: CI". TV Guide. Retrieved 2011-06-21.
47.Jump up ^ Burger, David (April 28, 2011). "Paul McCartney, Fiona Apple, Modest Mouse, My Morning Jacket and more cover Buddy Holly on Holly's 75th b-day year". The Salt Lake Tribune. MediaNews Group. Retrieved May 10, 2011.
48.^ Jump up to: a b "BBC News - Patti Smith: The extended BBC interview". Bbc.co.uk. 2012-01-19. Retrieved 2013-08-08.
49.Jump up ^ "Patti Smith: Banga". American Songwriter. Retrieved 8 June 2012.
50.Jump up ^ Pope greets American rock star, Patti Smith. Rome Reports. Published: 11 April 2013.
51.Jump up ^ "'The Hunger Games: Catching Fire' Soundtrack Features Coldplay, Patti Smith, The National, The Weeknd & More | The Playlist". Blogs.indiewire.com. Retrieved 2014-04-23.
52.Jump up ^ Patti Smith set to play Space at Westbury Newsday December 23, 2013
53.Jump up ^ http://pitchfork.com/news/57460-patti-smith-to-perform-at-vatican-christmas-concert/
54.Jump up ^ Scaggs, Austin (2004-10-06). "Q&A: Michael Stipe". Rolling Stone. Retrieved 2008-02-04.[dead link]
55.Jump up ^ Horowitz, Hal. "The Friends of Rachel Worth - The Go-Betweens". AllMusic. Retrieved 2012-04-09.
56.Jump up ^ Manson, Shirley (2004-04-15). "The Immortals: The First Fifty". Issue 946. Rolling Stone. Retrieved 2008-02-04.
57.Jump up ^ Goddard, Simon (2006-05-01). The Smiths: Songs That Saved Your Life (3rd ed.). Reynolds & Hearn. ISBN 1-905287-14-3. Retrieved 2014-04-08.
58.Jump up ^ "Hidros 3 (To Patti Smith)". Allmusic. Retrieved 2008-02-04.
59.Jump up ^ Wenner, Jann (2005-11-03). "Bono Interview". Issue 986. Rolling Stone. Retrieved 2008-02-15.[dead link]
60.Jump up ^ Lamb, Bill, KT Tunstall - Suddenly I See, Top40.About.Com, Retrieved October 26, 2007 [1]
61.Jump up ^ O'Brien, Glen; Fabian Baron, Drew Barrymore (Interviewer) (March 2008). "Ellen Page". Interview Magazine (Peter Brant) (March 2008).
62.Jump up ^ "Courtney Love". Behind the Music. 2010-06-21. VH1.
63.Jump up ^ The lyrics to Hole's 1994 track "Violet" include the line: "And the sky was all violet / I want it again but violent, more violent". Smith's song "Kimberly" also includes the phrase "violent, violet sky".
64.Jump up ^ Love, Courtney. "Fashion Faux Paus". Running Russell Simmons. 2010-11-20. Oxygen Network.
65.Jump up ^ "Patti Smith's Gloria inspired Madonna". Au.news.yahoo.com. 2012-04-17. Retrieved 2012-06-10.
66.Jump up ^ Larkin, Colin, ed. (2011). "Waterboys". The Encyclopedia of Popular Music. London: Omnium Press. p. 3818. ISBN 9780857125958. Retrieved 11 May 2015.
67.^ Jump up to: a b Arthur, Deyva (2005). "Patti Smith reaffirms that people have the power". Volume 9 / Issue 2. Green Pages. Retrieved 2008-02-08.
68.Jump up ^ "History of Democracy Rising". George Washington University. Retrieved 2012-11-13.
69.Jump up ^ Jury, Louise (2006-09-09). "Patti Smith Rails Against Israel and US". The Independent (London: Independent Print Limited). Retrieved 2008-02-08.
70.Jump up ^ "Qana" mp3 at PattiSmith.net
71.Jump up ^ "Without Chains" mp3 at PattiSmith.net
72.Jump up ^ Tayla, Alican; Çigdem Öztürk, Yücel Göktürk (November 2007). "Bir Kamu Çalisani Olarak". Roll (Istanbul, Turkey) (123): 28. ISSN 1307-4628.
73.Jump up ^ "Macmillan: Five Years of My Life: An Innocent Man in Guantanamo Murat Kurnaz: Books". Us.macmillan.com. 2009-12-04. Retrieved 2011-07-15.
74.Jump up ^ Jury, Louise (2006-03-25). "Jewish Pressure Drives Gaza Play Out of New York". The Independent (London: Independent Print Limited). Retrieved 2009-02-26.
75.Jump up ^ "Patti Smith — People Have The Power". June 18, 2009.
Further reading[edit]
Bockris, Victor; Roberta Bayley (1999-09-14). Patti Smith: An Unauthorized Biography. translated by Jesús Llorente Sanjuán. New York City: Simon & Schuster. ISBN 978-0-684-82363-8.
Johnstone, Nick (September 1997). Patti Smith: A Biography. illustrated by Nick Johnstone. London: Omnibus Press. ISBN 978-0-7119-6193-7.
McNeil, Legs; Gillian McCain (2006-05-09). Please Kill Me: The Uncensored Oral History of Punk. Grove Press. ISBN 978-0-8021-4264-1.
Shaw, Philip (2008). Horses. Continuum. ISBN 978-0-8264-2792-2.
Stefanko, Frank (2006-10-24). Patti Smith: American Artist. San Rafael: Insight Editions. ISBN 978-1-933784-06-9.
Stipe, Michael (1998). Two Times Intro: On the Road With Patti Smith. Little Brown & Co. ISBN 978-0-316-81572-7.
Tarr, Joe (2008-05-30). The Words and Music of Patti Smith. Praeger Publishers. ISBN 978-0-275-99411-2.
External links[edit]
 Wikimedia Commons has media related to Patti Smith.
 Wikiquote has quotations related to: Patti Smith
Official website
Patti Smith at AllMusic
Patti Smith at the Internet Movie Database
Patti Smith at DMOZ
I Will Always Live Like Peter Pan. 70 min interview from the Louisiana Literature festival 2012. Video by Louisiana Channel.
Patti Smith: Advice to the young. Filmed at Louisiana Literature festival 2012. Video interview by Louisiana Channel.
Patti Smith: First encounters with Robert Mapplethorpe. Filmed at Louisiana Literature festival 2012. Video interview by Louisiana Channel.


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Patti Smith

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For the lead singer of the band Scandal, see Patty Smyth. For other persons of the same name, see Patricia Smith (disambiguation).

Patti Smith
Patti Smith.jpg
Patti Smith performing at Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, 1978

Background information

Birth name
Patricia Lee Smith
Born
December 30, 1946 (age 68)
Chicago, Illinois, USA
Origin
New York City
Genres
Rock, protopunk, punk rock, art punk, blues rock
Occupation(s)
Singer-songwriter, poet, artist
Instruments
Vocals, guitar, clarinet
Years active
1971–present
Labels
Arista, Columbia
Associated acts
Tom Verlaine
Website
www.pattismith.net
Patricia Lee "Patti" Smith (born December 30, 1946)[1] is an American singer-songwriter, poet and visual artist who became a highly influential component of the New York City punk rock movement with her 1975 debut album Horses.[2]
Called the "punk poet laureate", Smith fused rock and poetry in her work. Smith's most widely known song is "Because the Night", which was co-written with Bruce Springsteen and reached number 13 on the Billboard Hot 100 chart in 1978.[2] In 2005, Patti Smith was named a Commander of the Ordre des Arts et des Lettres by the French Ministry of Culture,[3] and in 2007, she was inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame.[4] On November 17, 2010, she won the National Book Award for her memoir Just Kids.[5] She is also a recipient of the 2011 Polar Music Prize.


Contents  [hide]
1 Life and career 1.1 1946–1967: Early life
1.2 1967–1973: New York
1.3 1974–1979: Patti Smith Group
1.4 1980–1995: Marriage
1.5 1996–2003: Re-emergence
1.6 2004–present
2 Influence
3 Activism
4 Band members
5 Discography
6 Bibliography
7 References
8 Further reading
9 External links

Life and career[edit]
1946–1967: Early life[edit]
Patricia Lee Smith was born in Chicago.[1] Her mother, Beverly, was a waitress, and her father, Grant, worked at the Honeywell plant. The family was of Irish heritage.[citation needed] She spent her early childhood in the Germantown neighborhood of Philadelphia,[6] before her family moved to Woodbury Gardens, Deptford Township, New Jersey.[7][8] Her mother was a Jehovah's Witness. Patti had a strong religious upbringing and a Bible education, but left organized religion as a teenager because she felt it was too confining; much later, she wrote the line "Jesus died for somebody's sins, but not mine" in her cover version of Them's "Gloria" in response to this experience.[9] She has described having an avid interest in Tibetan Buddhism around the age of eleven or twelve, saying "I fell in love with Tibet because their essential mission was to keep a continual stream of prayer," but that as an adult she sees clear parallels between different forms of religion, and has come to the conclusion that religious dogmas are "...man-made laws that you can either decide to abide by or not."[10] At this early age Smith was exposed to her first records, including Shrimp Boats by Harry Belafonte, Patience and Prudence doing The Money Tree, and Another Side of Bob Dylan, which her mother gave to her. Smith graduated from Deptford Township High School in 1964 and went to work in a factory.[2][11] She gave birth to her first child, a daughter, on April 26, 1967, and chose to place her for adoption.[11]
1967–1973: New York[edit]
In 1967, she left Glassboro State College (now Rowan University) and moved to New York City. She met photographer Robert Mapplethorpe there while working at a book store with a friend, poet Janet Hamill. She and Mapplethorpe had an intense romantic relationship, which was tumultuous as the pair struggled with times of poverty, and Mapplethorpe with his own sexuality. Smith considers Mapplethorpe to be one of the most important people in her life, and in her book Just Kids refers to him as "the artist of my life". Mapplethorpe's photographs of her became the covers for the Patti Smith Group LPs, and they remained friends until Mapplethorpe's death in 1989.[12] In 1969 she went to Paris with her sister and started busking and doing performance art.[7] When Smith returned to New York City, she lived in the Hotel Chelsea with Mapplethorpe; they frequented Max's Kansas City and CBGB. Smith provided the spoken word soundtrack for Sandy Daley's art film Robert Having His Nipple Pierced, starring Mapplethorpe. The same year Smith appeared with Wayne County in Jackie Curtis's play Femme Fatale. As a member of the St. Mark's Poetry Project, she spent the early 1970s painting, writing, and performing. In 1971 she performed – for one night only – in Cowboy Mouth,[13] a play that she co-wrote with Sam Shepard. (The published play's notes call for "a man who looks like a coyote and a woman who looks like a crow".) She wrote several poems, "for sam shepard"[14] and "Sam Shepard: 9 Random Years (7 + 2)"[15] about her relationship with Shepard.
Smith was briefly considered for the lead singer position in Blue Öyster Cult. She contributed lyrics to several of the band's songs, including "Debbie Denise" (inspired by her poem "In Remembrance of Debbie Denise"), "Baby Ice Dog", "Career of Evil", "Fire of Unknown Origin", "The Revenge of Vera Gemini" (on which she performs duet vocals), and "Shooting Shark". She was romantically involved at the time with the band's keyboardist, Allen Lanier. During these years, Smith also wrote rock journalism, some of which was published in Rolling Stone and Creem.[16]
1974–1979: Patti Smith Group[edit]



 Tivolis Koncertsal, Copenhagen, October 6, 1976
By 1974, Patti Smith was performing rock music herself, initially with guitarist, bassist and rock archivist Lenny Kaye, and later with a full band comprising Kaye, Ivan Kral on guitar and bass, Jay Dee Daugherty on drums and Richard Sohl on piano. Ivan Kral was a refugee from Czechoslovakia, he moved to the USA in 1966 with his parents who were diplomats. After the Warsaw Pact invasion of Czechoslovakia in 1968, Kral decided not to return.[17] Financed by Sam Wagstaff, the band recorded a first single, "Hey Joe / Piss Factory", in 1974. The A-side was a version of the rock standard with the addition of a spoken word piece about fugitive heiress Patty Hearst ("Patty Hearst, you're standing there in front of the Symbionese Liberation Army flag with your legs spread, I was wondering were you gettin' it every night from a black revolutionary man and his women...").[18] The B-side describes the helpless anger Smith had felt while working on a factory assembly line and the salvation she discovered in the form of a shoplifted book, the 19th century French poet Arthur Rimbaud's Illuminations.[2] In a 1996 interview which discusses artistic influences during her young years, Smith said, "I had devoted so much of my girlish daydreams to Rimbaud. Rimbaud was like my boyfriend."[10]



 Smith performing with the Patti Smith Group, in Germany, 1978



"Gloria"










"Because the Night"










"Dancing Barefoot"








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Later that same year, she performed spoken poetry on "I Wake Up Screaming" from Ray Manzarek's The Whole Thing Started with Rock & Roll Now It's Out of Control album.
The Patti Smith Group was signed by Clive Davis of Arista Records, and in 1975 recorded their first album, Horses, produced by John Cale amid some tension. The album fused punk rock and spoken poetry and begins with a cover of Van Morrison's "Gloria", and Smith's opening words: "Jesus died for somebody's sins but not mine" (an excerpt from "Oath," one of her early poems). The austere cover photograph by Mapplethorpe has become one of rock's classic images.[19] As the popularity of punk rock grew, Patti Smith Group toured the United States and Europe. The rawer sound of the group's second album, Radio Ethiopia, reflected this. Considerably less accessible than Horses, Radio Ethiopia initially received poor reviews. However, several of its songs have stood the test of time, and Smith still performs them regularly in concert.[20] She has said that Radio Ethiopia was influenced by the band MC5.[10]
On January 23, 1977, while touring in support of Radio Ethiopia, Smith accidentally danced off a high stage in Tampa, Florida, and fell 15 feet into a concrete orchestra pit, breaking several neck vertebrae.[21] The injury required a period of rest and an intensive round of physical therapy, during which time she was able to reassess, re-energize and reorganize her life. Patti Smith Group produced two further albums before the end of the 1970s. Easter (1978) was her most commercially successful record, containing the single "Because the Night" co-written with Bruce Springsteen. Wave (1979) was less successful, although the songs "Frederick" and "Dancing Barefoot" both received commercial airplay.[22]
1980–1995: Marriage[edit]




"People Have the Power"








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 Smith with her daughter Jesse Smith at the 2011 Time 100 gala
Before the release of Wave, Smith, now separated from long-time partner Allen Lanier, met Fred "Sonic" Smith, former guitar player for Detroit rock band MC5 and his own Sonic's Rendezvous Band, who adored poetry as much as she did. (Wave's "Dancing Barefoot" and "Frederick" were both dedicated to him.)[23] The running joke at the time was that she married Fred only because she would not have to change her name.[24] They had a son, Jackson (b. 1982) who would go on to marry The White Stripes drummer, Meg White in 2009;[25] and a daughter, Jesse (b. 1987). Through most of the 1980s Patti Smith was in semi-retirement from music, living with her family north of Detroit in St. Clair Shores, Michigan. In June 1988, she released the album Dream of Life, which included the song "People Have the Power". Fred Smith died on November 4, 1994, of a heart attack. Shortly afterward, Patti faced the unexpected death of her brother Todd[7] and original keyboard player Richard Sohl. When her son Jackson turned 14, Smith decided to move back to New York. After the impact of these deaths, her friends Michael Stipe of R.E.M. and Allen Ginsberg (whom she had known since her early years in New York) urged her to go back out on the road. She toured briefly with Bob Dylan in December 1995 (chronicled in a book of photographs by Stipe).[13]
1996–2003: Re-emergence[edit]




"Summer Cannibals"








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In 1996, Smith worked with her long-time colleagues to record Gone Again, featuring "About a Boy", a tribute to Kurt Cobain. That same year she collaborated with Stipe on "E-Bow the Letter", a song on R.E.M.'s New Adventures in Hi-Fi, which she has also performed live with the band.[26] After release of Gone Again, Patti Smith recorded two new albums: Peace and Noise in 1997 (with the single "1959", about the invasion of Tibet) and Gung Ho in 2000 (with songs about Ho Chi Minh and Smith's late father). Songs "1959" and "Glitter in Their Eyes" were nominated for Grammy Award for Best Female Rock Vocal Performance.[27] A box set of her work up to that time, The Patti Smith Masters, came out in 1996, and 2002 saw the release of Land (1975–2002), a two-CD compilation that includes a memorable cover of Prince's "When Doves Cry". Smith's solo art exhibition Strange Messenger was hosted at The Andy Warhol Museum in Pittsburgh on September 28, 2002.[28]
2004–present[edit]




"Jubilee"








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On April 27, 2004, Patti Smith released Trampin' which included several songs about motherhood, partly in tribute to Smith's mother, who had died two years before. It was her first album on Columbia Records, soon to become a sister label to her previous home Arista Records. Smith curated the Meltdown festival in London on June 25, 2005, the penultimate event being the first live performance of Horses in its entirety.[29] Guitarist Tom Verlaine took Oliver Ray's place. This live performance was released later in the year as Horses/Horses.



 TIM festival, Marina da Glória,
Rio de Janeiro, October 28, 2006
On July 10, 2005, Smith was named a Commander of the Ordre des Arts et des Lettres by the French Ministry of Culture.[3] In addition to Smith's influence on rock music, the Minister also noted her appreciation of Arthur Rimbaud. In August 2005, Smith gave a literary lecture about the poems of Arthur Rimbaud and William Blake. On October 15, 2006, Patti Smith performed at the CBGB nightclub, with a 3½-hour tour de force to close out Manhattan's music venue. She took the stage at 9:30 p.m. (EDT) and closed for the night (and forever for the venue) at a few minutes after 1:00 a.m., performing her song "Elegie", and finally reading a list of punk rock musicians and advocates who had died in the previous years.[30]
On November 10, 2005, Smith received the Woman of Valor Award from ROCKRGRL Magazine at the ROCKRGRL Music Conference, marking the 30th Anniversary of the release of "Horses."
Smith was inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame on March 12, 2007.[4] She dedicated her award to the memory of her late husband, Fred, and gave a performance of The Rolling Stones staple "Gimme Shelter". As the closing number of the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame Induction Ceremony, Smith's "People Have the Power" was used for the big celebrity jam that always ends the program.[31]
 From November 2006 - January 2007, an exhibition called 'Sur les Traces'[32] at Trolley Gallery, London, featured polaroid prints taken by Patti Smith and donated to Trolley to raise awareness and funds for the publication of Double Blind, a book on the war in Lebanon in 2006, with photographs by Paolo Pellegrin, a member of Magnum Photos. She also participated in the DVD commentary for Aqua Teen Hunger Force Colon Movie Film for Theaters. From March 28 to June 22, 2008, the Fondation Cartier pour l'Art Contemporain in Paris hosted a major exhibition of the visual artwork of Patti Smith, Land 250, drawn from pieces created between 1967 and 2007.[33] At the 2008 Rowan Commencement ceremony, Smith received an honorary doctorate degree for her contributions to popular culture.



 Smith with National Book Critics Circle President Jane Ciabattari and NBCC board member John Reed. Smith's memoir Just Kids was an NBCC autobiography finalist at the 2010 awards.[34]
Smith is the subject of a 2008 documentary film, Patti Smith: Dream of Life.[35] A live album by Patti Smith and Kevin Shields, The Coral Sea was released in July 2008. On September 10, 2009, after a week of smaller events and exhibitions in the city, Smith played an open-air concert in Florence's Piazza Santa Croce, commemorating her performance in the same city 30 years earlier.[36] In the meantime, she contributed with a special introduction to Jessica Lange's book 50 Photographs (2009).[37] In 2010, Patti Smith's book, Just Kids, a memoir of her time in 1970s Manhattan and her relationship with Robert Mapplethorpe, was published; it later won the National Book Award for Nonfiction.[5][38] On April 30, 2010, Patti Smith headlined a benefit concert headed by band-mate Tony Shanahan, for The Court Tavern of New Brunswick.[39] Smith's set included "Gloria", "Because the Night" and "People Have the Power." She has a brief cameo in Jean-Luc Godard's 2010 Film Socialisme, which was first screened in the Un Certain Regard section at the 2010 Cannes Film Festival.[40]
On May 17, 2010, Patti Smith received an honorary doctorate in fine arts from Pratt Institute, along with architect Daniel Libeskind, MoMA director Glenn Lowry, former NYC Landmarks Commissioner Barbaralee Diamonstein-Spielvogel, novelist Jonathan Lethem, and director Steven Soderbergh.[41] Following the conferral of her degree, Smith delivered the commencement address[42] and sang/played two songs accompanied by long-time band member Lenny Kaye. In her remarks, Smith explained that in 1967 when she moved to New York City (Brooklyn), she would never have been accepted into Pratt, but most of her friends (including Mapplethorpe) were students at Pratt and she spent countless hours on the Pratt campus. She added that it was through her friends and their Pratt professors that she learned much of her own artistic skills, making the honour from the institute particularly poignant for Smith 43 years later.[43]
Smith is currently working on a crime novel set in London. "I've been working on a detective story that starts at the St Giles in the Fields church in London for the last two years," she told NME adding that she "loved detective stories" having been a fan of Sherlock Holmes and US crime author Mickey Spillane as a girl.[44] Part of the book will be set in Gothenburg, Sweden.[45]
On May 3, 2011, it was announced that Patti Smith is one of the winners of the Polar Music Prize: "By devoting her life to art in all its forms, Patti Smith has demonstrated how much rock’n'roll there is in poetry and how much poetry there is in rock’n'roll. Patti Smith is a Rimbaud with Marshall amps. She has transformed the way an entire generation looks, thinks and dreams. With her inimitable soul of an artist, Patti Smith proves over and over again that people have the power."
On June 19, 2011, Patti Smith made her television acting debut on the TV series Law & Order: Criminal Intent, appearing in an episode called "Icarus".[46]
Smith has recorded a cover of Buddy Holly's classic "Words of Love" for the CD Rave On Buddy Holly, a tribute album tied to Holly's seventy-fifth birthday year which was released June 28, 2011.[47]
Smith also contributed a track to "AHK-toong BAY-bi Covered", a U2 covers album released through Q Magazine on October 25, 2011. Smith recorded a cover of "Until The End Of The World" for the compilation.
More recently, Smith has devoted her time to what she terms 'pure photography' (a method of capturing still objects without using a flash), which she began to pursue following the death of her husband in 1994.[48] In 2011, Smith announced the first museum exhibition of her photography in the United States, Camera Solo. She named the project after a sign she saw in the abode of Pope Celestine V, which translates as 'a room of one's own', and which Smith felt best described her solitary method of photography.[48] The exhibition featured artifacts which were the everyday items or places of significance of artists whom Smith admires, including Rimbaud, Baudelaire, Keats and Blake.
In February 2012, she was a guest at the Sanremo Music Festival.
Patti Smith's newest album, Banga (Believe or explode), was released in early June 2012 with critical acclaim. Music Journalist Hal Horowitz wrote : "These songs aren’t as loud or frantic as those of her late 70s heyday, but they resonate just as boldly as she moans, chants, speaks and spits out lyrics with the grace and determination of Mohammad Ali in his prime. It’s not an easy listen—the vast majority of her music never has been—but if you’re a fan and/or prepared for the challenge, this is as potent, heady and uncompromising as she has ever gotten, and with Smith’s storied history as a musical maverick, that’s saying plenty."[49] Overall, she has stayed true to her style of blending rock and poetry.



 Patti Smith performing at Haldern Pop 2014
Smith provides lead vocals on the title track to Red Hot Chili Peppers bassist, Flea's 2012 debut solo EP titled Helen Burns.
Smith was honored by Bryn Mawr College by receiving the 2013 Katharine Hepburn Medal on February 7, 2013.
Pope Francis greeted Smith, among other officials, visitors, and faithful, in St. Peter's Square on 11 April 2013.[50] Although Smith maintains she is not Catholic, she says she followed[clarification needed] the Conclave after Benedict XVI´s resignation.
Smith recorded the song Capitol Letter for the official soundtrack of the second film of the Hunger Games-series The Hunger Games: Catching Fire.[51]
As of late December 2013 Smith was working on her second book and still performing.[52]
The Vatican announced that Smith will play at the Concerto di Natale, the official Vatican Christmas Concert, on December 13; the performance, to be held at Rome's Auditorium Conciliazione, will also be broadcast live on television.[53]
Influence[edit]



Provinssirock festival, Seinäjoki, Finland, June 16, 2007
Smith has been a great source of inspiration for Michael Stipe of R.E.M. Listening to her album Horses (album) when he was 15 made a huge impact on him; he said later, "I decided then that I was going to start a band."[54] In 1998, Stipe published a collection of photos called Two Times Intro: On the Road with Patti Smith. Stipe sings backing vocals on Smith's songs "Last Call" and "Glitter in Their Eyes." Patti also sings background vocals on R.E.M.'s songs "E-Bow the Letter" and "Blue".
The Australian alternative rock band, The Go-Betweens dedicated a track (When She Sang About Angels) off their 2000 album, The Friends of Rachel Worth, to Smith's long time influence.[55]
In 2004, Shirley Manson of Garbage spoke of Smith's influence on her in Rolling Stone's issue "The Immortals: 100 Greatest Artists of All Time", in which Patti Smith was counted number 47.[56] The Smiths members Morrissey and Johnny Marr shared an appreciation for Smith's Horses, and reveal that their song "The Hand That Rocks the Cradle" is a reworking of one of the album's tracks, "Kimberly".[57] In 2004, Sonic Youth released an album called Hidros 3 (to Patti Smith).[58] U2 also cites Patti Smith as an influence.[59] In 2005 Scottish singer-songwriter KT Tunstall released the single "Suddenly I See" as a tribute of sorts to Patti Smith.[60] Canadian actress Ellen Page frequently mentions Smith as one of her idols and has done various photo shoots replicating famous Smith photos, as well as Irish actress Maria Doyle Kennedy who often refers to Smith as a major influence.[61] In 1978 and 1979, Gilda Radner portrayed a character called Candy Slice on Saturday Night Live based on Smith.
Alternative rock singer-songwriter Courtney Love of Hole heavily credited Smith as being a huge influence on her; Love received Smith's album Horses in juvenile hall as a teenager, and "realized that you could do something that was completely subversive that didn't involve violence [or] felonies. I stopped making trouble," said Love. "I stopped."[62] Hole's classic track "Violet" features the lyrics "And the sky was all violet / I want it again, but violent, more violent", alluding to lyrics from Smith's "Kimberly".[63] Love later stated that she considered "Rock n Roll Nigger" the greatest rock song of all time.[64]
American pop-dance singer Madonna has also named Smith as one of her biggest influences.[65]
Anglo-Celtic rock band The Waterboys' debut single, "A Girl Called Johnny", was written as a tribute to Smith.[66]
The influence of Smith's music is featured in two award-winning young adult novels by Meagan Brothers, Debbie Harry Sings in French and especially Supergirl Mixtapes.
Activism[edit]
In 1993, Smith contributed "Memorial Tribute (Live)" to the AIDS-Benefit Album No Alternative produced by the Red Hot Organization.
Furthermore, Smith has been a supporter of the Green Party and backed Ralph Nader in the 2000 United States presidential election.[67] She led the crowd singing "Over the Rainbow" and "People Have the Power" at the campaign's rallies, and also performed at several of Nader's subsequent "Democracy Rising" events.[68] Smith was a speaker and singer at the first protests against the Iraq War as U.S. President George W. Bush spoke to the United Nations General Assembly. Smith supported Democratic candidate John Kerry in the 2004 election. Bruce Springsteen continued performing her "People Have the Power" at Vote for Change campaign events. In the winter of 2004/2005, Smith toured again with Nader in a series of rallies against the Iraq War and called for the impeachment of George W. Bush.[67]
Smith premiered two new protest songs in London in September 2006.[69] Louise Jury, writing in The Independent, characterized them as "an emotional indictment of American and Israeli foreign policy". The song "Qana"[70] was about the Israeli airstrike on the Lebanese village of Qana. "Without Chains"[71] is about Murat Kurnaz, a Turkish citizen who was born and raised in Germany, held at Guantanamo Bay detainment camp for four years. Jury's article quotes Smith as saying:

I wrote both these songs directly in response to events that I felt outraged about. These are injustices against children and the young men and women who are being incarcerated. I'm an American, I pay taxes in my name and they are giving millions and millions of dollars to a country such as Israel and cluster bombs and defense technology and those bombs were dropped on common citizens in Qana. It's terrible. It's a human rights violation.
In an interview, Smith stated that Kurnaz's family has contacted her and that she wrote a short preface for the book that he was writing.[72] Kurnaz's book, "Five Years of My Life," was published in English by Palgrave Macmillan in March 2008, with Patti's introduction.[73]
On March 26, 2003, ten days after Rachel Corrie's death, Smith appeared in Austin, Texas, and performed an anti-war concert. She subsequently wrote a song "Peaceable Kingdom" which was inspired by and is dedicated to Rachel Corrie.[74]
In 2009, in her Meltdown concert in Festival Hall, she paid homage to the Iranians taking part in post-election protests by saying "Where is My Vote?" in a version of the song "People Have the Power".[75]
Band members[edit]



Bowery Ballroom, New York City, December 31, 2007
1974
Lenny Kaye – guitar

1974
Lenny Kaye – guitar
Richard Sohl – keyboards

1975–1977
Lenny Kaye – guitar, bass
Richard Sohl – keyboards
Ivan Kral – guitar, bass
Jay Dee Daugherty – drums

1978
Lenny Kaye – guitar, bass
Ivan Kral – guitar, bass
Jay Dee Daugherty – drums
Bruce Brody– keyboards

1979
Lenny Kaye – guitar, bass
Richard Sohl – keyboards
Ivan Kral – guitar, bass
Jay Dee Daugherty – drums

1988
Fred "Sonic" Smith – guitar
Richard Sohl – keyboards
Jay Dee Daugherty – drums

1996
Lenny Kaye – guitar
Jay Dee Daugherty – drums
Tony Shanahan – bass
Luis Resto– keyboards

1996-2005
Lenny Kaye – guitar
Jay Dee Daugherty – drums
Tony Shanahan – bass, keyboards
Oliver Ray – guitar

2006
Lenny Kaye – guitar
Jay Dee Daugherty – drums
Tony Shanahan – keyboards, bass
Tom Verlaine – guitar
Flea – bass and trumpet

2007–present
Lenny Kaye – guitar
Jay Dee Daugherty – drums
Tony Shanahan – bass, keyboards
Jack Petruzzelli – guitar, bass, keyboards

Discography[edit]
Main article: Patti Smith discography
Studio albumsHorses (1975)
Radio Ethiopia (1976)
Easter (1978)
Wave (1979)
Dream of Life (1988)
Gone Again (1996)
Peace and Noise (1997)
Gung Ho (2000)
Trampin' (2004)
Twelve (2007)
Banga (2012)
Bibliography[edit]
Seventh Heaven (1972)
Early Morning Dream (1972)
Witt (1973)
Ha! Ha! Houdini! (1977)
Babel (1978)
Woolgathering (1992)
Early Work (1994)
The Coral Sea (1996)
Patti Smith Complete (1998)
Strange Messenger (2003)
Auguries of Innocence (2005)
Poems (Vintage Classics) by William Blake.
 Edited by and with introduction by Patti Smith (2007)
Land 250 (2008)
Trois (2008)
Great Lyricists foreword Rick Moody (2008)
Just Kids (2010)
References[edit]
1.^ Jump up to: a b Bockris, Victor; Bayley, Roberta (1999). Patti Smith: an unauthorized biography. Simon and Schuster. p. 19. ISBN 978-0-684-82363-8.
2.^ Jump up to: a b c d Huey, Steve. "Patti Smith > Biography". AllMusic. Rovi Corporation. Retrieved 2009-04-18.
3.^ Jump up to: a b "Remise des insignes de Commandeur dans l'Ordre des Arts et des Lettres à Patti Smith "Solidays"" (in French). Paris: French Ministry of Culture. 2005-07-10. Retrieved 2009-04-18.
4.^ Jump up to: a b "Patti Smith". Cleveland, Ohio: Rock and Roll Hall of Fame. 2007. Retrieved 2009-04-18.
5.^ Jump up to: a b "National Book Awards – 2010". National Book Foundation. Retrieved 2012-02-26. (With acceptance speech, interview, and reading.)
6.Jump up ^ 1957: a childhood on fire, The Independent , 28 April 2012, in Radar section, with extract from Woolgathering by Patti Smith.
7.^ Jump up to: a b c "Patti Smith – Biography. "Three chord rock merged with the power of the word"". Arista Records. June 1996. Archived from the original on June 11, 2008. Retrieved 2009-04-19.
8.Jump up ^ LaGorce, Tammy (2005-12-11). "Patti Smith, New Jersey's Truest Rock-Poet". The New York Times (New York City: The New York Times Company). Retrieved 2010-07-20. "But of all the ways to know Patti Smith, few people, including Ms. Smith, would think to embrace her as Deptford ramonesproudest export."
9.Jump up ^ Robertson, Jessica (2007). "Exclusive Interview with Patti Smith". Spinner. AOL. Retrieved 2008-02-04.[dead link]
10.^ Jump up to: a b c Moore, Thurston, “Patti Smith”, BOMB Magazine Winter, 1996. Retrieved 2012-07-18.
11.^ Jump up to: a b Smith, Patti (2010). Just Kids, p. 20. HarperCollins, New York. ISBN 978-0-06-621131-2.
12.Jump up ^ Smith, Patti (1997-10-17). A conversation with singer Patti Smith (VIDEO). (Interview). Charlie Rose. WNET. New York. Retrieved 2011-01-12.
13.^ Jump up to: a b "Patti Smith: Biography". The Rolling Stone Encyclopedia of Rock & Roll. Rolling Stone. 2001. Archived from the original on 2007-12-12. Retrieved 2008-02-04.
14.Jump up ^ "for sam shepard," in Creem Sept. 1971 link
15.Jump up ^ included in Angel City, Curse of the Starving Class & Other Plays (1976), (bibliographic information)
16.Jump up ^ Khanna, Vish (May 2007). "Patti Smith Fights the Good Fight - Timeline". Canada: Exclaim!. Retrieved 2008-12-05.[dead link]
17.Jump up ^ Bezr, Ondrej (2010-06-25). "Ceský rocker Ivan Král vstoupil s Patti Smith do Kongresové knihovny" [Czech rocker Ivan Král entered the Congress library with Patti Smith]. iDnes (in Czech). Retrieved 2014-08-20.
18.Jump up ^ "Hey Joe lyrics". Retrieved 2008-02-04.
19.Jump up ^ "Seventies' Greatest Album Covers". Rolling Stone. 1991-11-14. Retrieved 2008-02-04.
20.Jump up ^ "Patti Smith setlists, 2007". Retrieved 2008-02-07.
21.Jump up ^ "Patti Smith chronology". Retrieved 2008-02-04.
22.Jump up ^ Smith, Patti (2002). "Song of the Week: Dancing Barefoot". Archived from the original on 2008-01-12. Retrieved 2008-02-26.
23.Jump up ^ Deming, Mark. "Dancing Barefoot". Allmusic. Retrieved 2008-02-07.
24.Jump up ^ "Babel-list". 1999. Retrieved 2008-02-07.
25.Jump up ^ "Meg White and Jackson Smith wed in Nashville". The Seattle Times. seattletimes.com. 2009-05-26. Retrieved 2012-10-19.
26.Jump up ^ Stephen Thomas Erlewine. "New Adventures in Hi-Fi". Allmusic. Retrieved 2008-02-07.
27.Jump up ^ "Grammy Awards: Best Rock Vocal Performance - Female". Retrieved 2008-03-06.
28.Jump up ^ "The Andy Warhol Museum Announces Patti Smith Performance and Retrospective Exhibition" (PDF). The Andy Warhol Museum. 2002-05-03. Archived from the original (PDF) on December 31, 2006. Retrieved 2008-03-19.
29.Jump up ^ Vulliamy, Ed (2005-06-03). "Some give a song. Some give a life...". London: The Guardian. Retrieved 2008-02-08.
30.Jump up ^ Pareles, Jon (2006-10-16). "Fans of a Groundbreaking Club Mourn and Then Move On". The New York Times. Retrieved 2008-02-04.
31.Jump up ^ "Rock and Roll Hall of Fame 2007 Induction". Spinner. 2007. Retrieved 2008-02-04.[dead link]
32.Jump up ^ "Sur les Traces". Trolley Gallery Books. Trolley Gallery. Retrieved 2010-07-20.
33.Jump up ^ "Patti Smith, Land 250". Fondation Cartier. 2008. Retrieved 2008-02-13.
34.Jump up ^ NBCC Awards Night: President’s Welcome, Jane Ciabattari, Critical Mass, March 12, 2011; accessed April 15, 2011.
35.Jump up ^ Patti Smith: Dream of Life, Variety, January 29, 2008. Accessed online May 23, 2008.
36.Jump up ^ Patti Smith and Florence, a never-ending story[dead link], Agenzia per il Turismo, Firenze, July, 2009. Retrieved September 30, 2009.
37.Jump up ^ Pompeo, Joe (2008-08-21). "Jessica Lange and Patti Smith Team Up". The Observer. Guardian Media Group. Retrieved 2011-05-11.
38.Jump up ^ Carson, Tom (2010-01-29). "The Night Belongs to Us". New York Times. Retrieved 2010-02-10.
39.Jump up ^ Jordan, Chris (April 30, 2010). "Patti Smith, Bands Unite to Save the Court Tavern in New Brunswick". Courier News. Gannett Company. Retrieved October 6, 2010.[dead link]
40.Jump up ^ "Costa Concordia was the set for a movie directed by Jean-Luc Godard". To Be A Travel Agent.
41.Jump up ^ "Pratt Institute's 2010 Commencement Ceremony at Radio City Music Hall". Pratt.edu. 2010-04-28. Retrieved 2011-07-15.
42.Jump up ^ "Video of Smith's speech". Youtube.com. Retrieved 2011-07-15.
43.Jump up ^ Murg, Stephanie (2010-05-20). "Patti Smith doesn't disappoint at Pratt's commencement". Mediabistro.com. Retrieved 2011-07-15.
44.Jump up ^ "Patti Smith writing detective novel". Nme.Com. Retrieved 2011-02-21.
45.Jump up ^ / TT Spektra (2011-02-17). "Patti Smith skriver deckare - Kultur & Nöje" (in Swedish). www.gp.se. Retrieved 2011-02-21.
46.Jump up ^ Stanhope, Kate (2011-06-16). "Exclusive First Look: Punk Rocker Patti Smith Makes Her Acting Debut on Law & Order: CI". TV Guide. Retrieved 2011-06-21.
47.Jump up ^ Burger, David (April 28, 2011). "Paul McCartney, Fiona Apple, Modest Mouse, My Morning Jacket and more cover Buddy Holly on Holly's 75th b-day year". The Salt Lake Tribune. MediaNews Group. Retrieved May 10, 2011.
48.^ Jump up to: a b "BBC News - Patti Smith: The extended BBC interview". Bbc.co.uk. 2012-01-19. Retrieved 2013-08-08.
49.Jump up ^ "Patti Smith: Banga". American Songwriter. Retrieved 8 June 2012.
50.Jump up ^ Pope greets American rock star, Patti Smith. Rome Reports. Published: 11 April 2013.
51.Jump up ^ "'The Hunger Games: Catching Fire' Soundtrack Features Coldplay, Patti Smith, The National, The Weeknd & More | The Playlist". Blogs.indiewire.com. Retrieved 2014-04-23.
52.Jump up ^ Patti Smith set to play Space at Westbury Newsday December 23, 2013
53.Jump up ^ http://pitchfork.com/news/57460-patti-smith-to-perform-at-vatican-christmas-concert/
54.Jump up ^ Scaggs, Austin (2004-10-06). "Q&A: Michael Stipe". Rolling Stone. Retrieved 2008-02-04.[dead link]
55.Jump up ^ Horowitz, Hal. "The Friends of Rachel Worth - The Go-Betweens". AllMusic. Retrieved 2012-04-09.
56.Jump up ^ Manson, Shirley (2004-04-15). "The Immortals: The First Fifty". Issue 946. Rolling Stone. Retrieved 2008-02-04.
57.Jump up ^ Goddard, Simon (2006-05-01). The Smiths: Songs That Saved Your Life (3rd ed.). Reynolds & Hearn. ISBN 1-905287-14-3. Retrieved 2014-04-08.
58.Jump up ^ "Hidros 3 (To Patti Smith)". Allmusic. Retrieved 2008-02-04.
59.Jump up ^ Wenner, Jann (2005-11-03). "Bono Interview". Issue 986. Rolling Stone. Retrieved 2008-02-15.[dead link]
60.Jump up ^ Lamb, Bill, KT Tunstall - Suddenly I See, Top40.About.Com, Retrieved October 26, 2007 [1]
61.Jump up ^ O'Brien, Glen; Fabian Baron, Drew Barrymore (Interviewer) (March 2008). "Ellen Page". Interview Magazine (Peter Brant) (March 2008).
62.Jump up ^ "Courtney Love". Behind the Music. 2010-06-21. VH1.
63.Jump up ^ The lyrics to Hole's 1994 track "Violet" include the line: "And the sky was all violet / I want it again but violent, more violent". Smith's song "Kimberly" also includes the phrase "violent, violet sky".
64.Jump up ^ Love, Courtney. "Fashion Faux Paus". Running Russell Simmons. 2010-11-20. Oxygen Network.
65.Jump up ^ "Patti Smith's Gloria inspired Madonna". Au.news.yahoo.com. 2012-04-17. Retrieved 2012-06-10.
66.Jump up ^ Larkin, Colin, ed. (2011). "Waterboys". The Encyclopedia of Popular Music. London: Omnium Press. p. 3818. ISBN 9780857125958. Retrieved 11 May 2015.
67.^ Jump up to: a b Arthur, Deyva (2005). "Patti Smith reaffirms that people have the power". Volume 9 / Issue 2. Green Pages. Retrieved 2008-02-08.
68.Jump up ^ "History of Democracy Rising". George Washington University. Retrieved 2012-11-13.
69.Jump up ^ Jury, Louise (2006-09-09). "Patti Smith Rails Against Israel and US". The Independent (London: Independent Print Limited). Retrieved 2008-02-08.
70.Jump up ^ "Qana" mp3 at PattiSmith.net
71.Jump up ^ "Without Chains" mp3 at PattiSmith.net
72.Jump up ^ Tayla, Alican; Çigdem Öztürk, Yücel Göktürk (November 2007). "Bir Kamu Çalisani Olarak". Roll (Istanbul, Turkey) (123): 28. ISSN 1307-4628.
73.Jump up ^ "Macmillan: Five Years of My Life: An Innocent Man in Guantanamo Murat Kurnaz: Books". Us.macmillan.com. 2009-12-04. Retrieved 2011-07-15.
74.Jump up ^ Jury, Louise (2006-03-25). "Jewish Pressure Drives Gaza Play Out of New York". The Independent (London: Independent Print Limited). Retrieved 2009-02-26.
75.Jump up ^ "Patti Smith — People Have The Power". June 18, 2009.
Further reading[edit]
Bockris, Victor; Roberta Bayley (1999-09-14). Patti Smith: An Unauthorized Biography. translated by Jesús Llorente Sanjuán. New York City: Simon & Schuster. ISBN 978-0-684-82363-8.
Johnstone, Nick (September 1997). Patti Smith: A Biography. illustrated by Nick Johnstone. London: Omnibus Press. ISBN 978-0-7119-6193-7.
McNeil, Legs; Gillian McCain (2006-05-09). Please Kill Me: The Uncensored Oral History of Punk. Grove Press. ISBN 978-0-8021-4264-1.
Shaw, Philip (2008). Horses. Continuum. ISBN 978-0-8264-2792-2.
Stefanko, Frank (2006-10-24). Patti Smith: American Artist. San Rafael: Insight Editions. ISBN 978-1-933784-06-9.
Stipe, Michael (1998). Two Times Intro: On the Road With Patti Smith. Little Brown & Co. ISBN 978-0-316-81572-7.
Tarr, Joe (2008-05-30). The Words and Music of Patti Smith. Praeger Publishers. ISBN 978-0-275-99411-2.
External links[edit]
 Wikimedia Commons has media related to Patti Smith.
 Wikiquote has quotations related to: Patti Smith
Official website
Patti Smith at AllMusic
Patti Smith at the Internet Movie Database
Patti Smith at DMOZ
I Will Always Live Like Peter Pan. 70 min interview from the Louisiana Literature festival 2012. Video by Louisiana Channel.
Patti Smith: Advice to the young. Filmed at Louisiana Literature festival 2012. Video interview by Louisiana Channel.
Patti Smith: First encounters with Robert Mapplethorpe. Filmed at Louisiana Literature festival 2012. Video interview by Louisiana Channel.


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