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The Butler
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The Butler
The Butler poster.jpg
Theatrical release poster
Directed by
Lee Daniels
Produced by
Pamela Oas Williams
Laura Ziskin
Lee Daniels
Buddy Patrick
Cassian Elwes
Written by
Danny Strong
Based on
"A Butler Well Served by This Election"
by Wil Haygood
Starring
Forest Whitaker
Oprah Winfrey
Music by
Rodrigo Leão
Cinematography
Andrew Dunn
Edited by
Joe Klotz
Production
company
Laura Ziskin Productions
Windy Hill Pictures
Follow Through Productions
Salamander Pictures
Pam Williams Productions
Distributed by
The Weinstein Company
Release dates
August 16, 2013
Running time
132 minutes[1][2]
Country
United States
Language
English
Budget
$30 million[2][3]
Box office
$176.6 million[2]
The Butler (full title Lee Daniels' The Butler)[4][5] is a 2013 American historical drama film directed and produced by Lee Daniels and written by Danny Strong.[6] Loosely based on the real life of Eugene Allen, the film stars Forest Whitaker as Cecil Gaines, an African-American who eyewitnesses notable events of the 20th century during his 34-year tenure serving as a White House butler.[7][8] The film also stars Oprah Winfrey, John Cusack, Jane Fonda, Cuba Gooding Jr., Terrence Howard, Lenny Kravitz, James Marsden, David Oyelowo, Vanessa Redgrave, Alan Rickman, Liev Schreiber, Robin Williams, and Clarence Williams III. It was the last film produced by Laura Ziskin,[9][10] who died in 2011.
The film was theatrically released by The Weinstein Company on August 16, 2013, to mostly positive reviews[11][12] and grossing over $176 million worldwide against a budget of $30 million.[13]
Contents [hide]
1 Plot
2 Cast
3 Production 3.1 Development
3.2 Filming
4 Reception 4.1 Box office performance
4.2 Critical response
4.3 Accolades
5 Departures from the facts of Allen's life
6 See also
7 References
8 External links
Plot[edit]
In 2009, an elderly Cecil Gaines recounts his life story, while waiting at the White House to meet the newly inaugurated president.
In 1926, at the age of seven, Gaines is raised on a cotton plantation in Macon, Georgia, by his sharecropping parents. One day, the farm's owner, Thomas Westfall, rapes Cecil's mother, Hattie Pearl. Cecil's father confronts Westfall, and is shot dead. Cecil is taken in by Annabeth Westfall, the estate's caretaker and owner's grandmother, who trains Cecil as a house servant.
In 1937, at age eighteen, he leaves the plantation and his mother, who has been mute since the incident and presumably dies of old age by the time the plantation shuts down. One night, Cecil breaks into a hotel pastry shop and is, unexpectedly, hired. He learns advanced skills from the master servant, Maynard, who, after several years, recommends Cecil for a position in a Washington D.C. hotel. While working at the D.C. hotel, Cecil meets and marries Gloria, and the couple have two sons: Louis and Charlie. In 1957, Cecil is hired by the White House during Dwight D. Eisenhower's administration. White House maître d' Freddie Fallows shows Cecil around, introducing him to head butler Carter Wilson and co-worker James Holloway. At the White House, Cecil witnesses Eisenhower's reluctance to use troops to enforce school desegregation in the South, then the President's resolve to uphold the law by racially integrating Little Rock Central High School in Arkansas.
The Gaines family celebrates Cecil's new occupation with their closest friends and neighbors, Howard and Gina. Louis, the elder son, becomes a first generation university student at Fisk University in Tennessee, although Cecil feels that the South is too volatile; he wanted Louis to enroll at Howard University instead. Louis joins a student program led by Southern Christian Leadership Conference (SCLC) activist James Lawson, which leads to a nonviolent sit-in at a segregated diner, where he is arrested. Furious, Cecil confronts Louis for disobeying him. Gloria, suffering from her husband's long working hours, descends into alcoholism and comes close to having an affair with the Gaines's neighbor, Howard.
In 1961, after John F. Kennedy's inauguration, Louis and a dozen others are attacked by the Ku Klux Klan while traveling on a bus in Alabama. Louis is shown participating in the 1963 Birmingham Children's Crusade, where dogs and water cannons were used to stop the marchers, one of the movement's actions which inspired Kennedy to deliver a national address proposing the Civil Rights Act of 1964. Several months after the speech, Kennedy is assassinated. His successor, Lyndon B. Johnson, enacts the transformative legislation into law. As a goodwill gesture, Jackie Kennedy gives Cecil one of the former president's neckties before she leaves the White House.
Louis is later shown participating in the 1965 Selma Voting Rights Movement, which inspired President Johnson to demand that Congress enact the landmark Voting Rights Act of 1965.
In the late 1960s, after civil rights activist Martin Luther King, Jr.'s assassination, Louis visits and tells his family that he has joined the radical organization called the Black Panthers. Upset at his son's actions, Cecil orders Louis and his girlfriend, Carol, to leave his house. Louis is soon arrested and is bailed out by Carter Wilson. Cecil becomes aware of Richard Nixon's plans to suppress the movement.
The Gaines' other son, Charlie, confides to Louis that he plans to join the Army in the war in Vietnam. Louis announces that he won't attend Charlie's funeral if he is killed there because while Louis sees Americans as multiple races, Charlie sees the country as one race. A few months later, Charlie is killed and buried at Arlington National Cemetery. Louis does not attend, leaving Cecil furious. However, when the Black Panthers resort to violence in response to racial confrontations, Louis leaves the organization and returns to college, earning his master's degree in political science and eventually running for a seat in Congress.
Meanwhile, Cecil confronts his supervisor at the White House over the unequal pay and career advancement provided to the black White House staff. With Ronald Reagan's support he prevails, and his professional reputation grows to the point that he and his wife are invited by President and Nancy Reagan to be guests at a state dinner. Yet at the dinner and afterwards, Cecil becomes increasingly uncomfortable with the class divisions in the White House. Finally, after witnessing Reagan's refusal to support economic sanctions against South Africa, he resigns. Afterwards, Cecil and Gloria visit the Georgia plantation where he was raised which by then had long been abandoned.
Gloria, wanting Cecil to mend his estranged relationship with Louis, reveals to him that Louis has told her that he loves and respects them both. Realizing his son's actions are heroic, Cecil joins Louis at a Free South Africa Movement protest against South African apartheid, and they are arrested and jailed together.
In 2008, Gloria dies shortly before Barack Obama is elected as the nation's first African-American president, a milestone which leaves Cecil and Louis in awe. Two months, two weeks and one day later, Cecil prepares to meet the newly inaugurated President at the White House.
Cast[edit]
Forest Whitaker as Cecil Gaines,[6] the film's main character, who dedicates his life to becoming a professional domestic worker. Michael Rainey, Jr. and Aml Ameen portray Cecil at ages 8 and 15, respectively.
Gaines' private lifeOprah Winfrey as Gloria Gaines,[6] Cecil's wife.
David Oyelowo as Louis Gaines,[6] the Gaines' elder son.
Elijah Kelley as Charlie Gaines,[14] the Gaines' younger son. Isaac White portrays him at age 10.
David Banner as Earl Gaines,[14] Cecil's father.
Mariah Carey as Hattie Pearl,[15] Cecil's mother.
Terrence Howard as Howard,[6] the Gaines' neighbor who romantically pursues Gloria.
Adriane Lenox as Gina.[14][16] Howard's wife.
Yaya DaCosta as Carol Hammie, Louis' girlfriend.[17]
Alex Pettyfer as Thomas Westfall,[6] the brutal plantation owner who kills Earl after raping Cecil's mother.
Vanessa Redgrave as Annabeth Westfall,[6] matron of the plantation.
Clarence Williams III as Maynard,[14][16] an elderly man who mentors a young Cecil and introduces him to his profession.
White House co-workersCuba Gooding Jr. as Carter Wilson,[6][14] the fast-talking head butler at the White House who becomes a longtime friend of Cecil's.
Lenny Kravitz as James Holloway,[6][14] a co-worker butler and friend of Cecil's at the White House.
Colman Domingo as Freddie Fallows,[14][17] the White House maitre d' who hires Cecil.
White House historical figuresRobin Williams as Dwight D. Eisenhower,[6][18] the 34th President of the United States.
James DuMont as Sherman Adams, Eisenhower's White House Chief of Staff.[16][19]
Robert Aberdeen as Herbert Brownell, Jr., Eisenhower's Attorney General.[16]
James Marsden as John F. Kennedy,[6][18] the 35th President of the United States.
Minka Kelly as First Lady Jackie Kennedy.[18]
Liev Schreiber as Lyndon B. Johnson,[6][18] the 36th President of the United States.
John Cusack as Richard Nixon,[6][18] the 37th President of the United States.
Alex Manette as H. R. Haldeman,[6] Nixon's White House Chief of Staff.
Colin Walker as John Ehrlichman, Nixon's White House Counsel.[16][20]
Alan Rickman as Ronald Reagan,[6][18] the 40th President of the United States.
Jane Fonda as First Lady Nancy Reagan.[16]
Stephen Rider as Stephen W. Rochon, Barack Obama's White House Chief Usher.[16]
Civil rights historical figuresNelsan Ellis as Martin Luther King, Jr..[6][18]
Jesse Williams as civil rights activist James Lawson.[17]
Danny Strong, the film's screenwriter, appears as a Freedom Bus Journalist.
Presidents Gerald Ford, Jimmy Carter, Barack Obama and civil rights leader Jesse Jackson are depicted in archival footage.[21][22]
Melissa Leo and Orlando Eric Street were cast as First Lady Mamie Eisenhower and Barack Obama, respectively, but did not appear in the finished film.[6][23][24][25]
Production[edit]
Development[edit]
Danny Strong's screenplay is inspired by a The Washington Post article "A Butler Well Served by This Election".[12][26][27] The project received initial backing in early 2011, when producers Laura Ziskin and Pam Williams approached Sheila Johnson for help in financing the film. After reading Danny Strong's screenplay, Johnson pitched in her own $2.7 million before getting in several African-American investors. However, Ziskin died from cancer in June 2011. This left director Daniels and producing partner Hilary Shor to look for further producers on their own. They started with Cassian Elwes, with whom they were working on The Paperboy. Elwes joined the list of producers, and started raising funding for the film. In spring 2012, Icon U.K., a British financing and production company, added a $6 million guarantee against foreign pre-sales. Finally the film raised its needed $30 million budget through 41 producers and executive producers, including Earl W. Stafford, Harry I. Martin Jr., Brett Johnson, Michael Finley, and Buddy Patrick. Thereafter, as film production started Weinstein Co. picked up U.S. distribution rights for the film. David Glasser, Weinstein Co. COO, called fund raising as an independent film, "a story that's a movie within itself."[3][28]
The Weinstein Company acquired the distribution rights for the film after Columbia Pictures put the film in turnaround.[29][30]
The film's title was up for a possible rename due to a Motion Picture Association of America claim from Warner Bros., which had inherited from the defunct Lubin Company a now-lost 1916 silent short film with the same name.[9][31] The case was subsequently resolved with the MPAA granting the Weinstein Company permission to add Daniels' name in front of the title, under the condition that his name was "75% the size of The Butler".[32] On July 23, 2013, the distributor unveiled a revised poster, displaying the title as Lee Daniels' The Butler.[33]
Filming[edit]
Principal photography started in 2012 in New Orleans. Production was originally scheduled to wrap in early August 2012 but was delayed by the impact of Hurricane Isaac.[34]
Reception[edit]
Box office performance[edit]
In its opening weekend, the film debuted in first place with $24.6 million.[35][36] The film topped the North American box office in its first three consecutive weeks.[37][38] The film has grossed $116.6 million in Canada and the United States, it earned $51.1 million elsewhere, for a total of $167.7 million.[2]
Critical response[edit]
The Butler received mostly positive reviews from critics, with a 71% rating on the film critic aggregate site Rotten Tomatoes, based on 171 reviews. The site's consensus says, "Gut-wrenching and emotionally affecting, Lee Daniels' The Butler overcomes an uneven narrative thanks to strong performances from an all-star cast."[39] Another review aggregator, Metacritic, which assigns a normalized rating out of 100 top reviews from mainstream critics, calculated a score of 66 based on 47 reviews, indicating "generally positive reviews".[40]
Todd McCarthy praised the film saying, "Even with all contrivances and obvious point-making and familiar historical signposting, Daniels' The Butler is always engaging, often entertaining and certainly never dull."[41] Richard Roeper lauded the film's casting in particular, remarking that "Forest Whitaker gives the performance of his career".[42] Rolling Stone also spoke highly of Whitaker writing that his "reflective, powerfully understated performance...fills this flawed film with potency and purpose."[21] Variety wrote that "Daniels develops a strong sense of the inner complexities and contradictions of the civil-rights landscape."[43] USA Today gave the film three out of four stars and noted that "It's inspiring and filled with fine performances, but the insistently swelling musical score and melodramatic moments seem calculated and undercut a powerful story."[44] Miles Davis of the New York Tribune gave the film a negative review, claiming the film to be "Oscar bait", a cliche film designed to attract Oscar nominations.[45]
Kenneth Turan of the Los Angeles Times was more negative; "An ambitious and overdue attempt to create a Hollywood-style epic around the experience of black Americans in general and the civil rights movement in particular, it undercuts itself by hitting its points squarely on the nose with a 9-pound hammer."[46] Several critics compared the film's historical anecdotes and sentimentality to Forrest Gump.[47][48][49][50]
President Barack Obama said, "I teared up thinking about not just the butlers who worked here in the White House, but an entire generation of people who were talented and skilled. But because of Jim Crow and because of discrimination, there was only so far they could go."[51]
Accolades[edit]
Awards
Award
Category
Recipients and nominees
Result
AARP Annual Movies for Grownups Awards[52] Best Supporting Actress Oprah Winfrey Won
BAFTA Awards Best Actress in a Supporting Role Oprah Winfrey Nominated
BAFTA Award for Best Makeup and Hair Debra Denson, Beverly Jo Pryor, Candace Neal Nominated
Hollywood Film Awards Best Director Lee Daniels Won
Spotlight David Oyelowo Won
Critics Choice Awards Broadcast Film Critics Association Award for Best Supporting Actress Oprah Winfrey Nominated
Broadcast Film Critics Association Award for Best Cast Mariah Carey, John Cusack, Jane Fonda, Cuba Gooding Jr., Terrence Howard, Lenny Kravitz, James Marsden, David Oyelowo, Alex Pettyfer, Vanessa Redgrave, Alan Rickman, Liev Schreiber, Forest Whitaker, Robin Williams, and Oprah Winfrey Nominated
Broadcast Film Critics Association Award for Best Makeup Nominated
NAACP Image Award[53] Outstanding Motion Picture Nominated
Outstanding Actor in a Motion Picture Forest Whitaker Won
Outstanding Supporting Actor in a Motion Picture David Oyelowo Won
Outstanding Supporting Actor in a Motion Picture Cuba Gooding, Jr. Nominated
Outstanding Supporting Actor in a Motion Picture Terrence Howard Nominated
Outstanding Supporting Actress in a Motion Picture Oprah Winfrey Nominated
Outstanding Writing in a Motion Picture Danny Strong Nominated
Outstanding Directing in a Motion Picture Lee Daniels Nominated
People's Choice Awards Favorite Dramatic Movie Nominated
Favorite Dramatic Movie Actress Oprah Winfrey Nominated
Phoenix Film Critics Society Best Actress in a Supporting Role Oprah Winfrey Nominated
Screen Actors Guild Award Outstanding Performance by a Cast in a Motion Picture Mariah Carey, John Cusack, Jane Fonda, Cuba Gooding Jr., Terrence Howard, Lenny Kravitz, James Marsden, David Oyelowo, Alex Pettyfer, Vanessa Redgrave, Alan Rickman, Liev Schreiber, Forest Whitaker, Robin Williams, and Oprah Winfrey Nominated
Outstanding Performance by a Male Actor in a Leading Role Forest Whitaker Nominated
Outstanding Performance by a Female Actor in a Supporting Role Oprah Winfrey Nominated
Satellite Awards Best Actor in a Motion Picture Forest Whitaker Nominated
Best Actress in Supporting Role Oprah Winfrey Nominated
Best Art Direction & Production Design Diane Lederman, Tim Galvin Nominated
Departures from the facts of Allen's life[edit]
Regarding historical accuracy, Eliana Dockterman wrote in Time: "Allen was born on a Virginia plantation in 1919, not in Georgia.... In the movie, Cecil Gaines grows up on a cotton field in Macon, where his family comes into conflict with the white farmers for whom they work. What befalls his parents on the cotton field was added for dramatic effect.... Though tension between father and son over civil rights issues fuels most of the drama in the film, [Eugene Allen's son] Charles Allen was not the radical political activist that Gaines's son is in the movie."[54]
Particular criticism has been directed at the film's accuracy in portraying President Ronald Reagan. While actor Alan Rickman's performance generated positive reviews, the screenwriters of the film have been criticized for depicting Reagan as indifferent to civil rights and his reluctance to associate with the White House's black employees during his presidency. According to Michael Reagan, the former president's son, "The real story of the White House butler doesn't imply racism at all. It's simply Hollywood liberals wanting to believe something about my father that was never there."[55][56][57] Paul Kengor, one of President Reagan's biographers, also attacked the film, saying, "I've talked to many White House staff, cooks, housekeepers, doctors, and Secret Service over the years. They are universal in their love of Ronald Reagan." In regard to the president's initial opposition to sanctions against apartheid in South Africa, Kengor said, “Ronald Reagan was appalled by apartheid, but also wanted to ensure that if the apartheid regime collapsed in South Africa that it wasn't replaced by a Marxist-totalitarian regime allied with Moscow and Cuba that would take the South African people down the same road as Ethiopia, Mozambique, and, yes, Cuba. In the immediate years before Reagan became president, 11 countries from the Third World, from Asia to Africa to Latin America, went Communist. It was devastating. If the film refuses to deal with this issue with the necessary balance, it shouldn't deal with it at all."[58]
Political commentator Ben Shapiro wrote: "There is no question that the film itself is full of historical inaccuracies. The Butler has virtually nothing in common with its source material, the life of White House butler Gene Allen, except for the fact that the main character of the film and Allen were both black butlers in the White House. The film's title character, Cecil Gaines, sees his father murdered and his mother raped by a white landowner; that never happened to Allen. The movie's title character has two children, one who goes to the Vietnam War, the other who becomes a Civil Rights pioneer; Allen actually had only one son."[59]
See also[edit]
Backstairs at the White House, a 1979 miniseries with a similar theme
Eugene Allen
African-American Civil Rights Movement in popular culture
Great Migration
Samsung Galaxy S5 Vector.svg2010s portal
AmericaAfrica.svgAfrican Americans portal
United States film.svgFilm in the United States portal
Great Seal of the United States (obverse).svgGovernment of the United States portal
References[edit]
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2.^ Jump up to: a b c d "Lee Daniels' The Butler (2013)". Box Office Mojo. Retrieved August 25, 2014.
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5.Jump up ^ McNary, Dave (July 23, 2013). "'Lee Daniels' The Butler' Gets First Posters Following MPAA Ruling". Variety. Retrieved September 2, 2013.
6.^ Jump up to: a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q Nordyke, Kimberly (May 7, 2013). "'The Butler' Trailer: Oprah Winfrey Plays 'Proud' Wife to Forest Whitaker (Video)". The Hollywood Reporter. Retrieved May 10, 2013.
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8.Jump up ^ Roberts, Roxanne; Amy Argetsinger (May 8, 2013). "Trailer for 'The Butler,' based on life of the White House's Eugene Allen". The Washington Post. Retrieved May 10, 2013.
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10.Jump up ^ Rosen, Christopher (May 9, 2013). "'The Butler' Trailer: Lee Daniels' 'Forrest Gump'". The Huffington Post. Retrieved May 10, 2013.
11.Jump up ^ Williamson, Caroline (July 20, 2013). "The Butler to be re-titled – but only slightly – following dispute over name". Metro. Retrieved August 6, 2013.
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13.Jump up ^ http://www.boxofficemojo.com/movies/?id=butler.htm
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49.Jump up ^ Williams, Joe (August 15, 2013). "Forest Whitaker shines as 'The Butler'". St. Louis Post-Dispatch. Retrieved August 16, 2013.
50.Jump up ^ Burr, Ty (August 15, 2013). "'The Butler' examines civil rights history from a new perspective". The Boston Globe. Retrieved August 16, 2013.
51.Jump up ^ Child, Ben (August 28, 2013). "Barack Obama 'teared up' watching Oscar-tipped drama The Butler". The Guardian.
52.Jump up ^ "AARP Names ’12 Years a Slave’ Best Movie for Grownups". AFI. January 6, 2014. Retrieved January 6, 2014.
53.Jump up ^ Aaron Couch, Arlene Washington (February 22, 2014). "NAACP Image Awards: The Winners". The Hollywood Reporter. Retrieved February 22, 2014.
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55.Jump up ^ Bond, Paul (August 26, 2013). "President Reagan's Son Attacks 'Lee Daniels' The Butler'". The Hollywood Reporter. Retrieved August 28, 2013.
56.Jump up ^ "The Butler falsely portrays Ronald Reagan as racist, says son". The Guardian. August 29, 2013. Retrieved September 1, 2013.
57.Jump up ^ Reagan, Michael (August 27, 2013). "The Butler from Another Planet". Newsmax. Retrieved December 25, 2013.
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External links[edit]
Official website
The Butler at the Internet Movie Database
The Butler at Box Office Mojo
The Butler at Rotten Tomatoes
The Butler at Metacritic
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http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Butler
The Butler
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The Butler
The Butler poster.jpg
Theatrical release poster
Directed by
Lee Daniels
Produced by
Pamela Oas Williams
Laura Ziskin
Lee Daniels
Buddy Patrick
Cassian Elwes
Written by
Danny Strong
Based on
"A Butler Well Served by This Election"
by Wil Haygood
Starring
Forest Whitaker
Oprah Winfrey
Music by
Rodrigo Leão
Cinematography
Andrew Dunn
Edited by
Joe Klotz
Production
company
Laura Ziskin Productions
Windy Hill Pictures
Follow Through Productions
Salamander Pictures
Pam Williams Productions
Distributed by
The Weinstein Company
Release dates
August 16, 2013
Running time
132 minutes[1][2]
Country
United States
Language
English
Budget
$30 million[2][3]
Box office
$176.6 million[2]
The Butler (full title Lee Daniels' The Butler)[4][5] is a 2013 American historical drama film directed and produced by Lee Daniels and written by Danny Strong.[6] Loosely based on the real life of Eugene Allen, the film stars Forest Whitaker as Cecil Gaines, an African-American who eyewitnesses notable events of the 20th century during his 34-year tenure serving as a White House butler.[7][8] The film also stars Oprah Winfrey, John Cusack, Jane Fonda, Cuba Gooding Jr., Terrence Howard, Lenny Kravitz, James Marsden, David Oyelowo, Vanessa Redgrave, Alan Rickman, Liev Schreiber, Robin Williams, and Clarence Williams III. It was the last film produced by Laura Ziskin,[9][10] who died in 2011.
The film was theatrically released by The Weinstein Company on August 16, 2013, to mostly positive reviews[11][12] and grossing over $176 million worldwide against a budget of $30 million.[13]
Contents [hide]
1 Plot
2 Cast
3 Production 3.1 Development
3.2 Filming
4 Reception 4.1 Box office performance
4.2 Critical response
4.3 Accolades
5 Departures from the facts of Allen's life
6 See also
7 References
8 External links
Plot[edit]
In 2009, an elderly Cecil Gaines recounts his life story, while waiting at the White House to meet the newly inaugurated president.
In 1926, at the age of seven, Gaines is raised on a cotton plantation in Macon, Georgia, by his sharecropping parents. One day, the farm's owner, Thomas Westfall, rapes Cecil's mother, Hattie Pearl. Cecil's father confronts Westfall, and is shot dead. Cecil is taken in by Annabeth Westfall, the estate's caretaker and owner's grandmother, who trains Cecil as a house servant.
In 1937, at age eighteen, he leaves the plantation and his mother, who has been mute since the incident and presumably dies of old age by the time the plantation shuts down. One night, Cecil breaks into a hotel pastry shop and is, unexpectedly, hired. He learns advanced skills from the master servant, Maynard, who, after several years, recommends Cecil for a position in a Washington D.C. hotel. While working at the D.C. hotel, Cecil meets and marries Gloria, and the couple have two sons: Louis and Charlie. In 1957, Cecil is hired by the White House during Dwight D. Eisenhower's administration. White House maître d' Freddie Fallows shows Cecil around, introducing him to head butler Carter Wilson and co-worker James Holloway. At the White House, Cecil witnesses Eisenhower's reluctance to use troops to enforce school desegregation in the South, then the President's resolve to uphold the law by racially integrating Little Rock Central High School in Arkansas.
The Gaines family celebrates Cecil's new occupation with their closest friends and neighbors, Howard and Gina. Louis, the elder son, becomes a first generation university student at Fisk University in Tennessee, although Cecil feels that the South is too volatile; he wanted Louis to enroll at Howard University instead. Louis joins a student program led by Southern Christian Leadership Conference (SCLC) activist James Lawson, which leads to a nonviolent sit-in at a segregated diner, where he is arrested. Furious, Cecil confronts Louis for disobeying him. Gloria, suffering from her husband's long working hours, descends into alcoholism and comes close to having an affair with the Gaines's neighbor, Howard.
In 1961, after John F. Kennedy's inauguration, Louis and a dozen others are attacked by the Ku Klux Klan while traveling on a bus in Alabama. Louis is shown participating in the 1963 Birmingham Children's Crusade, where dogs and water cannons were used to stop the marchers, one of the movement's actions which inspired Kennedy to deliver a national address proposing the Civil Rights Act of 1964. Several months after the speech, Kennedy is assassinated. His successor, Lyndon B. Johnson, enacts the transformative legislation into law. As a goodwill gesture, Jackie Kennedy gives Cecil one of the former president's neckties before she leaves the White House.
Louis is later shown participating in the 1965 Selma Voting Rights Movement, which inspired President Johnson to demand that Congress enact the landmark Voting Rights Act of 1965.
In the late 1960s, after civil rights activist Martin Luther King, Jr.'s assassination, Louis visits and tells his family that he has joined the radical organization called the Black Panthers. Upset at his son's actions, Cecil orders Louis and his girlfriend, Carol, to leave his house. Louis is soon arrested and is bailed out by Carter Wilson. Cecil becomes aware of Richard Nixon's plans to suppress the movement.
The Gaines' other son, Charlie, confides to Louis that he plans to join the Army in the war in Vietnam. Louis announces that he won't attend Charlie's funeral if he is killed there because while Louis sees Americans as multiple races, Charlie sees the country as one race. A few months later, Charlie is killed and buried at Arlington National Cemetery. Louis does not attend, leaving Cecil furious. However, when the Black Panthers resort to violence in response to racial confrontations, Louis leaves the organization and returns to college, earning his master's degree in political science and eventually running for a seat in Congress.
Meanwhile, Cecil confronts his supervisor at the White House over the unequal pay and career advancement provided to the black White House staff. With Ronald Reagan's support he prevails, and his professional reputation grows to the point that he and his wife are invited by President and Nancy Reagan to be guests at a state dinner. Yet at the dinner and afterwards, Cecil becomes increasingly uncomfortable with the class divisions in the White House. Finally, after witnessing Reagan's refusal to support economic sanctions against South Africa, he resigns. Afterwards, Cecil and Gloria visit the Georgia plantation where he was raised which by then had long been abandoned.
Gloria, wanting Cecil to mend his estranged relationship with Louis, reveals to him that Louis has told her that he loves and respects them both. Realizing his son's actions are heroic, Cecil joins Louis at a Free South Africa Movement protest against South African apartheid, and they are arrested and jailed together.
In 2008, Gloria dies shortly before Barack Obama is elected as the nation's first African-American president, a milestone which leaves Cecil and Louis in awe. Two months, two weeks and one day later, Cecil prepares to meet the newly inaugurated President at the White House.
Cast[edit]
Forest Whitaker as Cecil Gaines,[6] the film's main character, who dedicates his life to becoming a professional domestic worker. Michael Rainey, Jr. and Aml Ameen portray Cecil at ages 8 and 15, respectively.
Gaines' private lifeOprah Winfrey as Gloria Gaines,[6] Cecil's wife.
David Oyelowo as Louis Gaines,[6] the Gaines' elder son.
Elijah Kelley as Charlie Gaines,[14] the Gaines' younger son. Isaac White portrays him at age 10.
David Banner as Earl Gaines,[14] Cecil's father.
Mariah Carey as Hattie Pearl,[15] Cecil's mother.
Terrence Howard as Howard,[6] the Gaines' neighbor who romantically pursues Gloria.
Adriane Lenox as Gina.[14][16] Howard's wife.
Yaya DaCosta as Carol Hammie, Louis' girlfriend.[17]
Alex Pettyfer as Thomas Westfall,[6] the brutal plantation owner who kills Earl after raping Cecil's mother.
Vanessa Redgrave as Annabeth Westfall,[6] matron of the plantation.
Clarence Williams III as Maynard,[14][16] an elderly man who mentors a young Cecil and introduces him to his profession.
White House co-workersCuba Gooding Jr. as Carter Wilson,[6][14] the fast-talking head butler at the White House who becomes a longtime friend of Cecil's.
Lenny Kravitz as James Holloway,[6][14] a co-worker butler and friend of Cecil's at the White House.
Colman Domingo as Freddie Fallows,[14][17] the White House maitre d' who hires Cecil.
White House historical figuresRobin Williams as Dwight D. Eisenhower,[6][18] the 34th President of the United States.
James DuMont as Sherman Adams, Eisenhower's White House Chief of Staff.[16][19]
Robert Aberdeen as Herbert Brownell, Jr., Eisenhower's Attorney General.[16]
James Marsden as John F. Kennedy,[6][18] the 35th President of the United States.
Minka Kelly as First Lady Jackie Kennedy.[18]
Liev Schreiber as Lyndon B. Johnson,[6][18] the 36th President of the United States.
John Cusack as Richard Nixon,[6][18] the 37th President of the United States.
Alex Manette as H. R. Haldeman,[6] Nixon's White House Chief of Staff.
Colin Walker as John Ehrlichman, Nixon's White House Counsel.[16][20]
Alan Rickman as Ronald Reagan,[6][18] the 40th President of the United States.
Jane Fonda as First Lady Nancy Reagan.[16]
Stephen Rider as Stephen W. Rochon, Barack Obama's White House Chief Usher.[16]
Civil rights historical figuresNelsan Ellis as Martin Luther King, Jr..[6][18]
Jesse Williams as civil rights activist James Lawson.[17]
Danny Strong, the film's screenwriter, appears as a Freedom Bus Journalist.
Presidents Gerald Ford, Jimmy Carter, Barack Obama and civil rights leader Jesse Jackson are depicted in archival footage.[21][22]
Melissa Leo and Orlando Eric Street were cast as First Lady Mamie Eisenhower and Barack Obama, respectively, but did not appear in the finished film.[6][23][24][25]
Production[edit]
Development[edit]
Danny Strong's screenplay is inspired by a The Washington Post article "A Butler Well Served by This Election".[12][26][27] The project received initial backing in early 2011, when producers Laura Ziskin and Pam Williams approached Sheila Johnson for help in financing the film. After reading Danny Strong's screenplay, Johnson pitched in her own $2.7 million before getting in several African-American investors. However, Ziskin died from cancer in June 2011. This left director Daniels and producing partner Hilary Shor to look for further producers on their own. They started with Cassian Elwes, with whom they were working on The Paperboy. Elwes joined the list of producers, and started raising funding for the film. In spring 2012, Icon U.K., a British financing and production company, added a $6 million guarantee against foreign pre-sales. Finally the film raised its needed $30 million budget through 41 producers and executive producers, including Earl W. Stafford, Harry I. Martin Jr., Brett Johnson, Michael Finley, and Buddy Patrick. Thereafter, as film production started Weinstein Co. picked up U.S. distribution rights for the film. David Glasser, Weinstein Co. COO, called fund raising as an independent film, "a story that's a movie within itself."[3][28]
The Weinstein Company acquired the distribution rights for the film after Columbia Pictures put the film in turnaround.[29][30]
The film's title was up for a possible rename due to a Motion Picture Association of America claim from Warner Bros., which had inherited from the defunct Lubin Company a now-lost 1916 silent short film with the same name.[9][31] The case was subsequently resolved with the MPAA granting the Weinstein Company permission to add Daniels' name in front of the title, under the condition that his name was "75% the size of The Butler".[32] On July 23, 2013, the distributor unveiled a revised poster, displaying the title as Lee Daniels' The Butler.[33]
Filming[edit]
Principal photography started in 2012 in New Orleans. Production was originally scheduled to wrap in early August 2012 but was delayed by the impact of Hurricane Isaac.[34]
Reception[edit]
Box office performance[edit]
In its opening weekend, the film debuted in first place with $24.6 million.[35][36] The film topped the North American box office in its first three consecutive weeks.[37][38] The film has grossed $116.6 million in Canada and the United States, it earned $51.1 million elsewhere, for a total of $167.7 million.[2]
Critical response[edit]
The Butler received mostly positive reviews from critics, with a 71% rating on the film critic aggregate site Rotten Tomatoes, based on 171 reviews. The site's consensus says, "Gut-wrenching and emotionally affecting, Lee Daniels' The Butler overcomes an uneven narrative thanks to strong performances from an all-star cast."[39] Another review aggregator, Metacritic, which assigns a normalized rating out of 100 top reviews from mainstream critics, calculated a score of 66 based on 47 reviews, indicating "generally positive reviews".[40]
Todd McCarthy praised the film saying, "Even with all contrivances and obvious point-making and familiar historical signposting, Daniels' The Butler is always engaging, often entertaining and certainly never dull."[41] Richard Roeper lauded the film's casting in particular, remarking that "Forest Whitaker gives the performance of his career".[42] Rolling Stone also spoke highly of Whitaker writing that his "reflective, powerfully understated performance...fills this flawed film with potency and purpose."[21] Variety wrote that "Daniels develops a strong sense of the inner complexities and contradictions of the civil-rights landscape."[43] USA Today gave the film three out of four stars and noted that "It's inspiring and filled with fine performances, but the insistently swelling musical score and melodramatic moments seem calculated and undercut a powerful story."[44] Miles Davis of the New York Tribune gave the film a negative review, claiming the film to be "Oscar bait", a cliche film designed to attract Oscar nominations.[45]
Kenneth Turan of the Los Angeles Times was more negative; "An ambitious and overdue attempt to create a Hollywood-style epic around the experience of black Americans in general and the civil rights movement in particular, it undercuts itself by hitting its points squarely on the nose with a 9-pound hammer."[46] Several critics compared the film's historical anecdotes and sentimentality to Forrest Gump.[47][48][49][50]
President Barack Obama said, "I teared up thinking about not just the butlers who worked here in the White House, but an entire generation of people who were talented and skilled. But because of Jim Crow and because of discrimination, there was only so far they could go."[51]
Accolades[edit]
Awards
Award
Category
Recipients and nominees
Result
AARP Annual Movies for Grownups Awards[52] Best Supporting Actress Oprah Winfrey Won
BAFTA Awards Best Actress in a Supporting Role Oprah Winfrey Nominated
BAFTA Award for Best Makeup and Hair Debra Denson, Beverly Jo Pryor, Candace Neal Nominated
Hollywood Film Awards Best Director Lee Daniels Won
Spotlight David Oyelowo Won
Critics Choice Awards Broadcast Film Critics Association Award for Best Supporting Actress Oprah Winfrey Nominated
Broadcast Film Critics Association Award for Best Cast Mariah Carey, John Cusack, Jane Fonda, Cuba Gooding Jr., Terrence Howard, Lenny Kravitz, James Marsden, David Oyelowo, Alex Pettyfer, Vanessa Redgrave, Alan Rickman, Liev Schreiber, Forest Whitaker, Robin Williams, and Oprah Winfrey Nominated
Broadcast Film Critics Association Award for Best Makeup Nominated
NAACP Image Award[53] Outstanding Motion Picture Nominated
Outstanding Actor in a Motion Picture Forest Whitaker Won
Outstanding Supporting Actor in a Motion Picture David Oyelowo Won
Outstanding Supporting Actor in a Motion Picture Cuba Gooding, Jr. Nominated
Outstanding Supporting Actor in a Motion Picture Terrence Howard Nominated
Outstanding Supporting Actress in a Motion Picture Oprah Winfrey Nominated
Outstanding Writing in a Motion Picture Danny Strong Nominated
Outstanding Directing in a Motion Picture Lee Daniels Nominated
People's Choice Awards Favorite Dramatic Movie Nominated
Favorite Dramatic Movie Actress Oprah Winfrey Nominated
Phoenix Film Critics Society Best Actress in a Supporting Role Oprah Winfrey Nominated
Screen Actors Guild Award Outstanding Performance by a Cast in a Motion Picture Mariah Carey, John Cusack, Jane Fonda, Cuba Gooding Jr., Terrence Howard, Lenny Kravitz, James Marsden, David Oyelowo, Alex Pettyfer, Vanessa Redgrave, Alan Rickman, Liev Schreiber, Forest Whitaker, Robin Williams, and Oprah Winfrey Nominated
Outstanding Performance by a Male Actor in a Leading Role Forest Whitaker Nominated
Outstanding Performance by a Female Actor in a Supporting Role Oprah Winfrey Nominated
Satellite Awards Best Actor in a Motion Picture Forest Whitaker Nominated
Best Actress in Supporting Role Oprah Winfrey Nominated
Best Art Direction & Production Design Diane Lederman, Tim Galvin Nominated
Departures from the facts of Allen's life[edit]
Regarding historical accuracy, Eliana Dockterman wrote in Time: "Allen was born on a Virginia plantation in 1919, not in Georgia.... In the movie, Cecil Gaines grows up on a cotton field in Macon, where his family comes into conflict with the white farmers for whom they work. What befalls his parents on the cotton field was added for dramatic effect.... Though tension between father and son over civil rights issues fuels most of the drama in the film, [Eugene Allen's son] Charles Allen was not the radical political activist that Gaines's son is in the movie."[54]
Particular criticism has been directed at the film's accuracy in portraying President Ronald Reagan. While actor Alan Rickman's performance generated positive reviews, the screenwriters of the film have been criticized for depicting Reagan as indifferent to civil rights and his reluctance to associate with the White House's black employees during his presidency. According to Michael Reagan, the former president's son, "The real story of the White House butler doesn't imply racism at all. It's simply Hollywood liberals wanting to believe something about my father that was never there."[55][56][57] Paul Kengor, one of President Reagan's biographers, also attacked the film, saying, "I've talked to many White House staff, cooks, housekeepers, doctors, and Secret Service over the years. They are universal in their love of Ronald Reagan." In regard to the president's initial opposition to sanctions against apartheid in South Africa, Kengor said, “Ronald Reagan was appalled by apartheid, but also wanted to ensure that if the apartheid regime collapsed in South Africa that it wasn't replaced by a Marxist-totalitarian regime allied with Moscow and Cuba that would take the South African people down the same road as Ethiopia, Mozambique, and, yes, Cuba. In the immediate years before Reagan became president, 11 countries from the Third World, from Asia to Africa to Latin America, went Communist. It was devastating. If the film refuses to deal with this issue with the necessary balance, it shouldn't deal with it at all."[58]
Political commentator Ben Shapiro wrote: "There is no question that the film itself is full of historical inaccuracies. The Butler has virtually nothing in common with its source material, the life of White House butler Gene Allen, except for the fact that the main character of the film and Allen were both black butlers in the White House. The film's title character, Cecil Gaines, sees his father murdered and his mother raped by a white landowner; that never happened to Allen. The movie's title character has two children, one who goes to the Vietnam War, the other who becomes a Civil Rights pioneer; Allen actually had only one son."[59]
See also[edit]
Backstairs at the White House, a 1979 miniseries with a similar theme
Eugene Allen
African-American Civil Rights Movement in popular culture
Great Migration
Samsung Galaxy S5 Vector.svg2010s portal
AmericaAfrica.svgAfrican Americans portal
United States film.svgFilm in the United States portal
Great Seal of the United States (obverse).svgGovernment of the United States portal
References[edit]
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6.^ Jump up to: a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q Nordyke, Kimberly (May 7, 2013). "'The Butler' Trailer: Oprah Winfrey Plays 'Proud' Wife to Forest Whitaker (Video)". The Hollywood Reporter. Retrieved May 10, 2013.
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13.Jump up ^ http://www.boxofficemojo.com/movies/?id=butler.htm
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50.Jump up ^ Burr, Ty (August 15, 2013). "'The Butler' examines civil rights history from a new perspective". The Boston Globe. Retrieved August 16, 2013.
51.Jump up ^ Child, Ben (August 28, 2013). "Barack Obama 'teared up' watching Oscar-tipped drama The Butler". The Guardian.
52.Jump up ^ "AARP Names ’12 Years a Slave’ Best Movie for Grownups". AFI. January 6, 2014. Retrieved January 6, 2014.
53.Jump up ^ Aaron Couch, Arlene Washington (February 22, 2014). "NAACP Image Awards: The Winners". The Hollywood Reporter. Retrieved February 22, 2014.
54.Jump up ^ Dockterman, Eliana (August 16, 2013). "The True Story of The Butler: Fact vs. Fiction in Lee Daniels' The Butler". Time.
55.Jump up ^ Bond, Paul (August 26, 2013). "President Reagan's Son Attacks 'Lee Daniels' The Butler'". The Hollywood Reporter. Retrieved August 28, 2013.
56.Jump up ^ "The Butler falsely portrays Ronald Reagan as racist, says son". The Guardian. August 29, 2013. Retrieved September 1, 2013.
57.Jump up ^ Reagan, Michael (August 27, 2013). "The Butler from Another Planet". Newsmax. Retrieved December 25, 2013.
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59.Jump up ^ Shapiro, Ben (August 18, 2013). "'The Butler' Filled with Historical Inaccuracies, Finishes #1". Breitbart.com. Retrieved August 28, 2013.
External links[edit]
Official website
The Butler at the Internet Movie Database
The Butler at Box Office Mojo
The Butler at Rotten Tomatoes
The Butler at Metacritic
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List of accolades received by 12 Years a Slave (film)
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List of accolades received by 12 Years a Slave
Steve McQueen holding the trophy for Best Picture Oscar for the film at the 86th Academy Awards
Director and producer Steve McQueen holding the Best Picture Oscar for the film at the 86th Academy Awards.
[show]Accolades
Total number of awards and nominations[Note 1]
Totals 206 375
References
12 Years a Slave is a 2013 historical drama film directed and produced by Steve McQueen. It is an adaptation of the 1853 autobiographical slave narrative memoir of the same name by Solomon Northup, a New York State-born free negro who was kidnapped in Washington D.C. in 1841 and sold into slavery.[1][2] The film stars Chiwetel Ejiofor as the protagonist, Northup. Michael Fassbender, Benedict Cumberbatch, Paul Dano, Paul Giamatti, Lupita Nyong'o, Sarah Paulson, Brad Pitt (also a producer of the film), and Alfre Woodard feature in supporting roles.[3][4] The screenplay based on the aforementioned memoir was written by John Ridley.[1][2]
Following successful screenings at the Telluride Film Festival, and the New York Film Festival, the film held its public premiere at the 2013 Toronto International Film Festival, where it won the People's Choice Award.[5][6][7][8] Fox Searchlight Pictures initially gave the film a limited release at nineteen theaters on October 18, aimed primarily towards art house and African American patrons.[9] The film was later given a wide release at over 1,100 theaters in the United States and Canada on November 8. 12 Years a Slave has grossed a worldwide total of over $187 million on a production budget of $20 million.[10] As of 2014, it is also McQueen's highest grossing film.[11] Rotten Tomatoes, a review aggregator, surveyed 289 reviews and judged 96% to be positive.[12]
12 Years a Slave garnered awards and nominations in a variety of categories with particular praise for its direction, screenplay and the acting of its cast. At the 86th Academy Awards, the film received nine nominations including Best Picture, Best Director for McQueen and went on to win three awards: Best Picture, Best Adapted Screenplay for Ridley and Best Supporting Actress for Nyong'o.[13][14] McQueen was the first black director to direct a Best Picture winning film as well as the first black producer to win Best Picture.[15][16] The film earned seven nominations at the 71st Golden Globe Awards, winning for Best Motion Picture – Drama.[17][18] At the 67th British Academy Film Awards, the film garnered ten nominations and went on to win two awards: Best Film and Best Actor for Ejiofor.[19][20]
At the Producers Guild of America Awards, 12 Years a Slave, tied with Gravity for Best Theatrical Motion Picture.[21] The film received four nominations at the 20th Screen Actors Guild Awards, with Nyong'o winning the award for Outstanding Performance by a Female Actor in a Supporting Role.[22][23] McQueen was also nominated at the Directors Guild of America Awards.[24] Both the American Film Institute and National Board of Review included the film in their list of top ten films of 2013.[25][26]
Contents [hide]
1 Accolades
2 See also
3 Notes
4 References
5 External links
Accolades[edit]
Award
Date of ceremony
Category
Recipient(s) and nominee(s)
Result
Ref(s)
AARP Annual Movies for Grownups Awards
February 10, 2014 Best Movie for Grownups 12 Years a Slave Won [27]
Academy Awards
March 2, 2014 Best Picture Brad Pitt, Dede Gardner, Jeremy Kleiner, Steve McQueen, and Anthony Katagas Won [13]
[14]
Best Director Steve McQueen Nominated
Best Actor Chiwetel Ejiofor Nominated
Best Supporting Actor Michael Fassbender Nominated
Best Supporting Actress Lupita Nyong'o Won
Best Adapted Screenplay John Ridley Won
Best Production Design Adam Stockhausen, and Alice Baker Nominated
Best Costume Design Patricia Norris Nominated
Best Film Editing Joe Walker Nominated
African-American Film Critics Association
December 13, 2013 Best Film of the Year 12 Years a Slave Won [28]
Best Director Steve McQueen Won
Best Breakout Performance Lupita Nyong'o Won
Best Screenplay John Ridley Won
Alliance of Women Film Journalists
December 19, 2013 Best Film 12 Years a Slave Won [29]
[30]
Best Director (Female or Male) Steve McQueen Won
Best Actor Chiwetel Ejiofor Nominated
Best Actor in a Supporting Role Michael Fassbender Nominated
Best Actress in a Supporting Role Lupita Nyong'o Won
Best Screenplay, Adapted John Ridley Won
Best Ensemble Cast 12 Years a Slave Nominated
Best Cinematography Sean Bobbitt Nominated
Best Editing Joe Walker Nominated
Best Music or Score Hans Zimmer Nominated
Best Breakthrough Performance Lupita Nyong'o Won
Unforgettable Moment Award Chiwetel Ejiofor ("Solomon Northup hanging") Won
Lupita Nyong'o ("Patsy pleads for soap") Nominated
American Black Film Festival
February 19, 2014 Movie of the Year 12 Years a Slave Nominated [31]
[32]
Best Director Steve McQueen Won
Best Actor Chiwetel Ejiofor Won
Best Supporting Actress Lupita Nyong'o Won
Best Screenplay John Ridley Won
Breakout Performance Lupita Nyong'o Nominated
Studio of the Year 20th Century Fox/Fox Searchlight Pictures (12 Years a Slave, Baggage Claim, and Black Nativity) Nominated
American Cinema Editors
February 7, 2014 Best Edited Feature Film – Dramatic Joe Walker Nominated [33]
American Film Institute
December 9, 2013 Top 10 Movies of the Year 12 Years a Slave Won [25]
American Society of Cinematographers
February 2, 2014 Outstanding Achievement in Cinematography in Theatrical Releases Sean Bobbitt Nominated [34]
Art Directors Guild
February 8, 2014 Excellence in Production Design – Period Film Adam Stockhausen Nominated [35]
Austin Film Critics Association
December 17, 2013 AFCA 2013 Top Ten Films 12 Years a Slave 2nd place [36]
[37]
Best Actor Chiwetel Ejiofor Won
Best Supporting Actress Lupita Nyong'o Won
Best Adapted Screenplay John Ridley Won
Australian Academy of Cinema and Television Arts Awards
January 10, 2014 Best International Film 12 Years a Slave Nominated [38]
[39]
Best International Direction Steve McQueen Nominated
Best International Screenplay John Ridley Nominated
Best International Actor Chiwetel Ejiofor Won
Best International Supporting Actor Michael Fassbender Won
Best International Supporting Actress Lupita Nyong'o Nominated
Black Reel Awards
February 13, 2014 Best Film 12 Years a Slave Won [40]
[41]
Best Director Steve McQueen Won
Best Actor Chiwetel Ejiofor Won
Best Supporting Actress Lupita Nyong'o Won
Best Screenplay, Adapted or Original John Ridley Won
Best Ensemble The cast of 12 Years a Slave Won
Best Original Score Hans Zimmer Won
Best Original or Adapted Song Alicia Keys for "Queen of the Field (Patsey’s Song)" Nominated
Outstanding Breakthrough Actress Performance Lupita Nyong'o Won
Boston Online Film Critics Association
December 7, 2013 Top Ten Best Films of the Year 12 Years a Slave Won [42]
Best Picture 12 Years a Slave Won
Best Director Steve McQueen Won
Best Actor Chiwetel Ejiofor Won
Best Supporting Actress Lupita Nyong'o Won
Best Original Score Hans Zimmer Won
Best Editing Joe Walker Won
Best Ensemble 12 Years a Slave Won
Boston Society of Film Critics
December 8, 2013 Best Film 12 Years a Slave Won [43]
Best Director Steve McQueen Won
Best Actor Chiwetel Ejiofor Won
Best Supporting Actress Lupita Nyong'o Runner-up
Britannia Awards
November 9, 2013 British Artist of the Year Benedict Cumberbatch (12 Years a Slave, August: Osage County, The Fifth Estate, The Hobbit: The Desolation of Smaug, and Star Trek Into Darkness) Won [44]
British Academy Film Awards
February 16, 2014 Best Film 12 Years a Slave Won [19]
[20]
Best Director Steve McQueen Nominated
Best Actor Chiwetel Ejiofor Won
Best Supporting Actor Michael Fassbender Nominated
Best Supporting Actress Lupita Nyong'o Nominated
Best Adapted Screenplay John Ridley Nominated
Best Cinematography Sean Bobbitt Nominated
Best Original Music Hans Zimmer Nominated
Best Production Design Adam Stockhausen, and Alice Baker Nominated
Best Editing Joe Walker Nominated
Rising Star Lupita Nyong'o Nominated
Broadcast Film Critics Association
January 16, 2014 Best Film 12 Years a Slave Won [45]
[46]
Best Director Steve McQueen Nominated
Best Actor Chiwetel Ejiofor Nominated
Best Supporting Actor Michael Fassbender Nominated
Best Supporting Actress Lupita Nyong'o Won
Best Acting Ensemble 12 Years a Slave Nominated
Best Adapted Screenplay John Ridley Won
Best Art Direction Adam Stockhausen, and Alice Baker Nominated
Best Cinematography Sean Bobbitt Nominated
Best Costume Design Patricia Norris Nominated
Best Editing Joe Walker Nominated
Best Makeup Ma Kalaadevi Ananda Nominated
Best Score Hans Zimmer Nominated
Camerimage
November 23, 2013 Golden Frog Award 12 Years a Slave Nominated [47]
Casting Society of America
January 22, 2015 Big Budget Drama Francine Maisler, Meagan Lewis, Melissa Kostenbauder Won [48]
[49]
César Award
February 20, 2015 Best Foreign Film 12 Years a Slave Nominated [50]
Chicago Film Critics Association
December 16, 2013 Best Film 12 Years a Slave Won [51]
[52]
Best Director Steve McQueen Won
Best Actor Chiwetel Ejiofor Won
Best Supporting Actor Michael Fassbender Nominated
Best Supporting Actress Lupita Nyong'o Won
Best Adapted Screenplay John Ridley Won
Best Original Score Hans Zimmer Nominated
Best Cinematography Sean Bobbitt Nominated
Best Art Direction/Production Design Adam Stockhausen, and Alice Baker Nominated
Best Editing Joe Walker Nominated
Most Promising Performer Lupita Nyong'o Nominated
Costume Designers Guild
February 22, 2014 Excellence in Period Film Patricia Norris Won [53]
Dallas–Fort Worth Film Critics Association
December 16, 2013 Top 10 Films 12 Years a Slave 1st place [54]
Best Director Steve McQueen 2nd place
Best Actor Chiwetel Ejiofor 2nd place
Best Supporting Actor Michael Fassbender 2nd place
Best Supporting Actress Lupita Nyong'o 1st place
Best Screenplay John Ridley 1st place
Best Cinematography Sean Bobbitt 2nd place
David di Donatello
June 10, 2014 Best Foreign Film 12 Years a Slave Nominated [55]
Denver Film Critics Society
January 13, 2014 Best Picture 12 Years a Slave Nominated [56]
[57]
Best Director Steve McQueen Nominated
Best Actor Chiwetel Ejiofor Nominated
Best Supporting Actor Michael Fassbender Nominated
Best Supporting Actress Lupita Nyong'o Nominated
Best Adapted Screenplay John Ridley Nominated
Best Score Hans Zimmer (also nominated in this category for Man of Steel) Nominated
Detroit Film Critics Society
December 13, 2013 Best Film 12 Years a Slave Nominated [58]
Best Actor Chiwetel Ejiofor Nominated
Best Supporting Actress Lupita Nyong'o Nominated
Best Ensemble Cast 12 Years a Slave Nominated
Directors Guild of America Award
January 25, 2014 Outstanding Directing – Feature Film Steve McQueen Nominated [24]
Dublin Film Festival
December 17, 2014 Top 10 Films 12 Years a Slave 5th Place [59]
Best Director Steve McQueen 7th Place
Best Actor Chiwetel Ejiofor (tied with Tom Hardy for Locke, Joaquin Phoenix for Her, and Bill Hader for The Skeleton Twins) 10th place
Empire Awards
March 30, 2014 Best Film 12 Years a Slave Nominated [60]
[61]
Best Director Steve McQueen Nominated
Best Actor Chiwetel Ejiofor Nominated
Best Supporting Actor Michael Fassbender Won
Best Supporting Actress Lupita Nyong'o Nominated
Best Female Newcomer Lupita Nyong'o Nominated
Florida Film Critics Circle
December 18, 2013 Best Film 12 Years a Slave Won [62]
Best Director Steve McQueen Won
Best Actor Chiwetel Ejiofor Won
Best Supporting Actor Michael Fassbender Runner-up
Best Supporting Actress Lupita Nyong'o Won
Best Adapted Screenplay John Ridley Won
Pauline Kael Breakout Award Lupita Nyong'o Won
Gay and Lesbian Entertainment Critics Association
January 21, 2014 Film of the Year 12 Years a Slave Won [63]
[64]
Film Performance of the Year – Actor Chiwetel Ejiofor Nominated
Film Performance of the Year – Actress Lupita Nyong'o Nominated
Rising Star Award Lupita Nyong'o Nominated
Wilde Artist of the Year Steve McQueen Nominated
Golden Globe Awards
January 12, 2014 Best Motion Picture – Drama 12 Years a Slave Won [17]
[18]
Best Director – Motion Picture Steve McQueen Nominated
Best Performance by an Actor in a Motion Picture – Drama Chiwetel Ejiofor Nominated
Best Performance by an Actor in a Supporting Role – Motion Picture Michael Fassbender Nominated
Best Performance by an Actress in a Supporting Role – Motion Picture Lupita Nyong'o Nominated
Best Screenplay – Motion Picture John Ridley Nominated
Best Original Score – Motion Picture Hans Zimmer Nominated
Golden Tomato Awards
January 9, 2014 Wide Release 12 Years a Slave Runner-up [65]
[66]
Drama 12 Years a Slave Won
Gotham Awards
December 2, 2013 Audience Award 12 Years a Slave Nominated [67]
Best Feature 12 Years a Slave Nominated
Best Actor Chiwetel Ejiofor Nominated
Best Breakthrough Actor Lupita Nyong'o Nominated
Guardian Film Awards
March 6, 2014 Best Film 12 Years a Slave Nominated [68]
[69]
Best Director Steve McQueen Won
Best Actor Chiwetel Ejiofor Nominated
Best Supporting Actor Michael Fassbender Nominated
Best Supporting Actor Lupita Nyong'o Nominated
Best Scene "Patsy returning with the soap" Nominated
Best Dialogue Liza J Bennett Nominated
Biggest game-changer 12 Years a Slave Nominated
Guldbagge Awards
January 20, 2014 Best Foreign Film 12 Years a Slave Nominated [70]
Hamptons International Film Festival
October 20, 2013 Breakthrough Performer Lupita Nyong'o Won [71]
Hollywood Film Festival
October 20, 2013 Breakthrough Directing Steve McQueen Won [72]
New Hollywood Award Lupita Nyong'o Won
Houston Film Critics Society
December 15, 2013 Best Picture 12 Years a Slave Won [73]
[74]
Best Director Steve McQueen Nominated
Best Actor Chiwetel Ejiofor Won
Best Supporting Actor Michael Fassbender Nominated
Best Supporting Actress Lupita Nyong'o Won
Best Screenplay John Ridley Won
Best Cinematography Sean Bobbitt Nominated
Best Original Score Hans Zimmer Nominated
Independent Spirit Awards
March 1, 2014 Best Feature 12 Years a Slave Won [75]
[76]
Best Director Steve McQueen Won
Best Male Lead Chiwetel Ejiofor Nominated
Best Supporting Female Lupita Nyong'o Won
Best Supporting Male Michael Fassbender Nominated
Best Screenplay John Ridley Won
Best Cinematography Sean Bobbitt Won
International Online Film Critics' Poll
January 25, 2015 Best Picture 12 Years a Slave Nominated [77]
Top Ten Films 12 Years a Slave Won
Best Supporting Actress Lupita Nyong'o Nominated
Best Ensemble Cast 12 Years a Slave Nominated
Best Adapted Screenplay John Ridley Won
Iowa Film Critics Association
January 10, 2014 Best Picture 12 Years a Slave Won [78]
Best Director Steve McQueen Won
Best Actor Chiwetel Ejiofor Won
Best Supporting Actor Michael Fassbender Won
Best Supporting Actress Lupita Nyong'o Won
Irish Film & Television Awards
April 5, 2014 Best Supporting Actor Michael Fassbender Won [79]
[80]
Best International Film 12 Years a Slave Nominated
Best International Actor Chiwetel Ejiofor Won
Kansas City Film Critics Circle
December 15, 2013 Best Film 12 Years a Slave Won [81]
Best Director Steve McQueen (tied with Alfonso Cuarón for Gravity) Tied
Best Actor Chiwetel Ejiofor Won
Best Supporting Actor Michael Fassbender Won
Best Supporting Actress Lupita Nyong'o Won
Best Adapted Screenplay John Ridley Won
Las Vegas Film Critics Society
December 18, 2013 LVFCS Top 10 Films of 2013 12 Years a Slave 1st place [82]
Best Picture 12 Years a Slave Won
Best Director Steve McQueen Won
Best Supporting Actress Lupita Nyong'o Won
Best Costume Design Patricia Norris Won
Best Original Score Hans Zimmer Won
London Film Critics' Circle
February 2, 2014 Best Film 12 Years a Slave Won [83]
[84]
Best Director Steve McQueen Nominated
Best Actor Chiwetel Ejiofor Won
Best Supporting Actor Michael Fassbender Nominated
Best Supporting Actress Lupita Nyong'o Won
British Actor of the Year Chiwetel Ejiofor Nominated
Michael Fassbender (12 Years a Slave and The Counselor) Nominated
Best Screenplay John Ridley Nominated
Technical Achievement Award Sean Bobbitt (cinematography) Nominated
Los Angeles Film Critics Association
December 8, 2013 Best Actor Chiwetel Ejiofor Runner-up [85]
Best Supporting Actress Lupita Nyong'o Won
Special Citation The Creative Team of 12 Years a Slave Won
Mill Valley Film Festival
October 11, 2013 Overall Audience Favorite 12 Years a Slave Won [86]
[87]
MVFF Award Steve McQueen, and Chiwetel Ejiofor Won
Motion Picture Sound Editors Golden Reel Awards
February 16, 2014 Best Sound Editing: Music Score in a Feature Film Katrina Schiller Nominated [88]
[89]
Best Sound Editing: Sound Effects & Foley in a Feature Film Ryan Collins, and Robert Jackson Nominated
Best Sound Editing: Dialogue & ADR in a Feature Film Ryan Collins Nominated
MTV Movie Awards
April 13, 2014 Movie of the Year 12 Years a Slave Nominated [90]
Best Male Performance Chiwetel Ejiofor Nominated
Best Female Performance Lupita Nyong'o Nominated
Best Villain Michael Fassbender Nominated
NAACP Image Awards
February 22, 2014 Outstanding Motion Picture 12 Years a Slave Won [91]
[92]
Directing in a Motion Picture Steve McQueen Won
Writing in a Motion Picture John Ridley Won
Outstanding Actor in a Motion Picture Chiwetel Ejiofor Nominated
Supporting Actress in a Motion Picture Alfre Woodard Nominated
Lupita Nyong'o Won
National Board of Review
December 4, 2013 Top Ten Films 12 Years a Slave Won [26]
National Society of Film Critics Awards
January 4, 2014 Best Picture 12 Years a Slave Runner-up [93]
Best Director Steve McQueen Runner-up
Best Actor Chiwetel Ejiofor Runner-up
Best Supporting Actress Lupita Nyong'o Runner-up
New York Film Critics Circle
December 3, 2013 Best Film 12 Years a Slave Runner-up [94]
Best Director Steve McQueen Won
Best Actor Chiwetel Ejiofor Runner-up
Best Supporting Actor Michael Fassbender Runner-up
Best Supporting Actress Lupita Nyong'o Runner-up
New York Film Critics Online
December 8, 2013 Top Films 12 Years a Slave Won [95]
Best Picture 12 Years a Slave Won
Best Actor Chiwetel Ejiofor Won
Best Supporting Actress Lupita Nyong'o Won
North Texas Film Critics Association
January 7, 2014 Best Actor Chiwetel Ejiofor Won [96]
Online Film Critics Society
December 16, 2013 Best Picture 12 Years a Slave Won [97]
[98]
Best Director Steve McQueen Nominated
Best Actor Chiwetel Ejiofor Won
Best Supporting Actor Michael Fassbender Won
Best Supporting Actress Lupita Nyong'o Won
Best Adapted Screenplay John Ridley Won
Best Cinematography Sean Bobbitt Nominated
Best Editing Joe Walker Nominated
Palm Springs International Film Festival
January 13, 2014 Director of the Year Award Steve McQueen Won [99]
[100]
Breakthrough Performance Lupita Nyong'o Won
Phoenix Film Critics Society
December 17, 2013 Top 10 Films 12 Years a Slave Won [101]
[102]
Best Film 12 Years a Slave Won
Best Director Steve McQueen Nominated
Best Actor in a Leading Role Chiwetel Ejiofor Nominated
Best Actor in a Supporting Role Michael Fassbender Nominated
Best Actress in a Supporting Role Lupita Nyong'o Won
Best Screenplay – Adaptation John Ridley Won
Best Cast 12 Years a Slave Nominated
Best Cinematography Sean Bobbitt Nominated
Best Costume Design Patricia Norris Nominated
Best Film Editing Joe Walker Nominated
Best Original Score Hans Zimmer Nominated
Best Production Design Adam Stockhausen, and Alice Baker Nominated
Best Breakthrough Performance on Camera Lupita Nyong'o Nominated
Producers Guild of America Award
January 19, 2014 Best Theatrical Motion Picture Anthony Katagas, Jeremy Kleiner, Steve McQueen, Brad Pitt, and Dede Gardner (tied with Alfonso Cuarón and David Heyman for Gravity) Tied [21]
San Diego Film Critics Society
December 11, 2013 Best Film 12 Years a Slave Nominated [103]
Best Director Steve McQueen Nominated
Best Actor Chiwetel Ejiofor Nominated
Best Supporting Actor Michael Fassbender Nominated
Best Supporting Actress Lupita Nyong'o Nominated
Best Adapted Screenplay John Ridley Nominated
Best Ensemble 12 Years a Slave Nominated
Best Editing Joe Walker Nominated
Best Original Score Hans Zimmer Nominated
Best Production Design Adam Stockhausen, and Alice Baker Nominated
San Francisco Film Critics Circle
December 15, 2013 Best Picture 12 Years a Slave Won [104]
[105]
Best Director Steve McQueen Nominated
Best Actor Chiwetel Ejiofor Won
Best Supporting Actor Michael Fassbender Nominated
Best Supporting Actress Lupita Nyong'o Nominated
Best Adapted Screenplay John Ridley Won
Best Cinematography Sean Bobbitt Nominated
Best Editing Joe Walker Nominated
Best Production Design Adam Stockhausen Nominated
Satellite Awards
February 23, 2014 Best Motion Picture 12 Years a Slave Won [106]
[107]
Best Director Steve McQueen Won
Best Actor – Motion Picture Chiwetel Ejiofor Nominated
Best Supporting Actor – Motion Picture Michael Fassbender Nominated
Best Supporting Actress – Motion Picture Lupita Nyong'o Nominated
Best Adapted Screenplay John Ridley Nominated
Best Cinematography Sean Bobbitt Nominated
Best Costume Design Patricia Norris Nominated
Best Editing Joe Walker Nominated
Best Original Score Hans Zimmer Nominated
Saturn Awards
June 26, 2014 Best Independent Film 12 Years a Slave Won [108]
[109]
Screen Actors Guild Awards
January 18, 2014 Outstanding Performance by a Cast in a Motion Picture Benedict Cumberbatch, Paul Dano, Garret Dillahunt, Chiwetel Ejiofor, Michael Fassbender, Paul Giamatti, Scoot McNairy, Lupita Nyong'o, Adepero Oduye, Sarah Paulson, Brad Pitt, Michael Kenneth Williams, and Alfre Woodard Nominated [22]
[23]
Outstanding Performance by a Male Actor in a Leading Role Chiwetel Ejiofor Nominated
Outstanding Performance by a Male Actor in a Supporting Role Michael Fassbender Nominated
Outstanding Performance by a Female Actor in a Supporting Role Lupita Nyong'o Won
Screen Nation Awards
February 23, 2014 Favourite International Movie 12 Years a Slave Won [110]
Male Performance in Film Chiwetel Ejiofor Won
Favourite Female African Rising Screen Talent Lupita Nyong'o Won
Southeastern Film Critics Association
December 16, 2013 Best Film 12 Years a Slave 1st place [111]
Best Director Steve McQueen Won
Best Actor Chiwetel Ejiofor Won
Best Supporting Actor Michael Fassbender Runner-up
Best Supporting Actress Lupita Nyong'o Won
Best Ensemble 12 Years a Slave Runner-up
Best Adapted Screenplay John Ridley Won
Best Cinematography Sean Bobbitt Runner-up
St. Louis Gateway Film Critics Association
December 16, 2013 Best Picture 12 Years a Slave Won [112]
[113]
Best Director Steve McQueen Won
Best Actor Chiwetel Ejiofor Won
Best Supporting Actor Michael Fassbender Nominated
Best Supporting Actress Lupita Nyong'o Won
Best Adapted Screenplay John Ridley, and Solomon Northup Won
Best Art Direction Adam Stockhausen (production designer), and Alice Baker (set decorator) Nominated
Best Cinematography Sean Bobbitt Won
Best Musical Score Hans Zimmer Nominated
Best Scene "The hanging scene" Won
Stockholm International Film Festival
November 14, 2013 Bronze Horse for Best Film – Special Mention Steve McQueen Won [114]
Best Film Music Hans Zimmer Won
Toronto Film Critics Association
December 17, 2013 Best Film 12 Years a Slave Runner-up [115]
[116]
Best Director Steve McQueen Runner-up
Best Actor Chiwetel Ejiofor Runner-up
Best Supporting Actor Michael Fassbender Runner-up
Best Supporting Actress Lupita Nyong'o Runner-up
Toronto International Film Festival
September 15, 2013 People's Choice Award Steve McQueen Won [8]
USC Libraries Scripter Award
February 8, 2014 Best Adapted Screenplay John Ridley (screenwriter), and Solomon Northup (author) Won [117]
Utah Film Critics Association
December 20, 2013 Best Picture 12 Years a Slave Runner-up [118]
Best Director Steve McQueen Runner-up
Best Actor Chiwetel Ejiofor Won
Best Supporting Actor Michael Fassbender Runner-up
Best Adapted Screenplay John Ridley Runner-up
Vancouver Film Critics Circle
January 7, 2014 Best Film 12 Years a Slave Won [119]
[120]
Best Actor Chiwetel Ejiofor Nominated
Best Supporting Actor Michael Fassbender Nominated
Best Supporting Actress Lupita Nyong'o Nominated
Best Director Steve McQueen Nominated
Best Screenplay John Ridley Nominated
Village Voice Film Poll
December 22, 2013 Best Director Steve McQueen Won [121]
[122]
[123]
[124]
Best Actor Chiwetel Ejiofor Won
Best Supporting Actor Michael Fassbender Runner-up
Best Supporting Actress Lupita Nyong'o Won
Washington D.C. Area Film Critics Association
December 9, 2013 Best Film 12 Years a Slave Won [125]
[126]
Best Director Steve McQueen Nominated
Best Actor Chiwetel Ejiofor Won
Best Supporting Actor Michael Fassbender Nominated
Best Supporting Actress Lupita Nyong'o Won
Best Acting Ensemble 12 Years a Slave Won
Best Adapted Screenplay John Ridley Won
Best Art Direction Adam Stockhausen (production designer), and Alice Baker (set decorator) Nominated
Best Cinematography Sean Bobbitt Nominated
Best Editing Joe Walker Nominated
Best Score Hans Zimmer Won
Women Film Critics Circle
December 17, 2013 Best Actor Chiwetel Ejiofor Won [127]
Best Male Images in a Movie Chiwetel Ejiofor Won
Josephine Baker Award 12 Years a Slave Won
See also[edit]
##2013 in film
Notes[edit]
1.Jump up ^ Certain award groups do not simply award one winner. They recognize several different recipients and have runner-ups. Since this is a specific recognition and is different from losing an award, runner-up mentions are considered wins in this award tally.
References[edit]
1.^ Jump up to: a b Dargis, Manohla (October 17, 2013). "The Blood and Tears, Not the Magnolias ‘12 Years a Slave’ Holds Nothing Back in Show of Suffering". The New York Times. Retrieved July 31, 2014.
2.^ Jump up to: a b Kermode, Mark (January 12, 2014). "12 Years a Slave – review". The Guardian. Retrieved August 31, 2014.
3.Jump up ^ "12 Years a Slave - Acting Credits". The New York Times. Retrieved August 7, 2014.
4.Jump up ^ "12 Years a Slave (2013)". The New York Times. Retrieved August 31, 2014.
5.Jump up ^ Hammond, Pete (August 31, 2013). "Telluride: '12 Years A Slave' Ignites The Festival, But Fox Searchlight Plans To Take It Slow". Deadline.com. Retrieved October 28, 2013.
6.Jump up ^ Brooks, Brian (August 30, 2013). "McQueen's "12 Years A Slave" Will Have U.S. Debut at NYFF51". Film Society of Lincoln Center. Retrieved October 28, 2013.
7.Jump up ^ Bailey, Cameron. "12 Years a Slave | tiff.net". Toronto International Film Festival. Retrieved October 28, 2013.
8.^ Jump up to: a b Vlessing, Etan (September 15, 2013). "Toronto: '12 Years a Slave' Wins Audience Award". The Hollywood Reporter (Prometheus Global Media). Retrieved September 15, 2013.
9.Jump up ^ Horn, John (October 29, 2013). "In first wider weekend, '12 Years a Slave' reaches key audiences". Los Angeles Times. Tribune Company. Retrieved October 29, 2013.
10.Jump up ^ "12 Years a Slave (2013)". Box Office Mojo. Retrieved August 1, 2014.
11.Jump up ^ "Steve McQueen (II) Movie Box Office Results". Box Office Mojo. Retrieved August 1, 2014.
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92.Jump up ^ "'12 Years a Slave,' Kevin Hart winners at NAACP Image Awards". Los Angeles Times. February 22, 2014. Retrieved July 31, 2014.
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External links[edit]
##Awards for 12 Years a Slave at Internet Movie Database
Categories: Lists of accolades by film
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http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_accolades_received_by_12_Years_a_Slave_(film)
List of accolades received by 12 Years a Slave (film)
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List of accolades received by 12 Years a Slave
Steve McQueen holding the trophy for Best Picture Oscar for the film at the 86th Academy Awards
Director and producer Steve McQueen holding the Best Picture Oscar for the film at the 86th Academy Awards.
[show]Accolades
Total number of awards and nominations[Note 1]
Totals 206 375
References
12 Years a Slave is a 2013 historical drama film directed and produced by Steve McQueen. It is an adaptation of the 1853 autobiographical slave narrative memoir of the same name by Solomon Northup, a New York State-born free negro who was kidnapped in Washington D.C. in 1841 and sold into slavery.[1][2] The film stars Chiwetel Ejiofor as the protagonist, Northup. Michael Fassbender, Benedict Cumberbatch, Paul Dano, Paul Giamatti, Lupita Nyong'o, Sarah Paulson, Brad Pitt (also a producer of the film), and Alfre Woodard feature in supporting roles.[3][4] The screenplay based on the aforementioned memoir was written by John Ridley.[1][2]
Following successful screenings at the Telluride Film Festival, and the New York Film Festival, the film held its public premiere at the 2013 Toronto International Film Festival, where it won the People's Choice Award.[5][6][7][8] Fox Searchlight Pictures initially gave the film a limited release at nineteen theaters on October 18, aimed primarily towards art house and African American patrons.[9] The film was later given a wide release at over 1,100 theaters in the United States and Canada on November 8. 12 Years a Slave has grossed a worldwide total of over $187 million on a production budget of $20 million.[10] As of 2014, it is also McQueen's highest grossing film.[11] Rotten Tomatoes, a review aggregator, surveyed 289 reviews and judged 96% to be positive.[12]
12 Years a Slave garnered awards and nominations in a variety of categories with particular praise for its direction, screenplay and the acting of its cast. At the 86th Academy Awards, the film received nine nominations including Best Picture, Best Director for McQueen and went on to win three awards: Best Picture, Best Adapted Screenplay for Ridley and Best Supporting Actress for Nyong'o.[13][14] McQueen was the first black director to direct a Best Picture winning film as well as the first black producer to win Best Picture.[15][16] The film earned seven nominations at the 71st Golden Globe Awards, winning for Best Motion Picture – Drama.[17][18] At the 67th British Academy Film Awards, the film garnered ten nominations and went on to win two awards: Best Film and Best Actor for Ejiofor.[19][20]
At the Producers Guild of America Awards, 12 Years a Slave, tied with Gravity for Best Theatrical Motion Picture.[21] The film received four nominations at the 20th Screen Actors Guild Awards, with Nyong'o winning the award for Outstanding Performance by a Female Actor in a Supporting Role.[22][23] McQueen was also nominated at the Directors Guild of America Awards.[24] Both the American Film Institute and National Board of Review included the film in their list of top ten films of 2013.[25][26]
Contents [hide]
1 Accolades
2 See also
3 Notes
4 References
5 External links
Accolades[edit]
Award
Date of ceremony
Category
Recipient(s) and nominee(s)
Result
Ref(s)
AARP Annual Movies for Grownups Awards
February 10, 2014 Best Movie for Grownups 12 Years a Slave Won [27]
Academy Awards
March 2, 2014 Best Picture Brad Pitt, Dede Gardner, Jeremy Kleiner, Steve McQueen, and Anthony Katagas Won [13]
[14]
Best Director Steve McQueen Nominated
Best Actor Chiwetel Ejiofor Nominated
Best Supporting Actor Michael Fassbender Nominated
Best Supporting Actress Lupita Nyong'o Won
Best Adapted Screenplay John Ridley Won
Best Production Design Adam Stockhausen, and Alice Baker Nominated
Best Costume Design Patricia Norris Nominated
Best Film Editing Joe Walker Nominated
African-American Film Critics Association
December 13, 2013 Best Film of the Year 12 Years a Slave Won [28]
Best Director Steve McQueen Won
Best Breakout Performance Lupita Nyong'o Won
Best Screenplay John Ridley Won
Alliance of Women Film Journalists
December 19, 2013 Best Film 12 Years a Slave Won [29]
[30]
Best Director (Female or Male) Steve McQueen Won
Best Actor Chiwetel Ejiofor Nominated
Best Actor in a Supporting Role Michael Fassbender Nominated
Best Actress in a Supporting Role Lupita Nyong'o Won
Best Screenplay, Adapted John Ridley Won
Best Ensemble Cast 12 Years a Slave Nominated
Best Cinematography Sean Bobbitt Nominated
Best Editing Joe Walker Nominated
Best Music or Score Hans Zimmer Nominated
Best Breakthrough Performance Lupita Nyong'o Won
Unforgettable Moment Award Chiwetel Ejiofor ("Solomon Northup hanging") Won
Lupita Nyong'o ("Patsy pleads for soap") Nominated
American Black Film Festival
February 19, 2014 Movie of the Year 12 Years a Slave Nominated [31]
[32]
Best Director Steve McQueen Won
Best Actor Chiwetel Ejiofor Won
Best Supporting Actress Lupita Nyong'o Won
Best Screenplay John Ridley Won
Breakout Performance Lupita Nyong'o Nominated
Studio of the Year 20th Century Fox/Fox Searchlight Pictures (12 Years a Slave, Baggage Claim, and Black Nativity) Nominated
American Cinema Editors
February 7, 2014 Best Edited Feature Film – Dramatic Joe Walker Nominated [33]
American Film Institute
December 9, 2013 Top 10 Movies of the Year 12 Years a Slave Won [25]
American Society of Cinematographers
February 2, 2014 Outstanding Achievement in Cinematography in Theatrical Releases Sean Bobbitt Nominated [34]
Art Directors Guild
February 8, 2014 Excellence in Production Design – Period Film Adam Stockhausen Nominated [35]
Austin Film Critics Association
December 17, 2013 AFCA 2013 Top Ten Films 12 Years a Slave 2nd place [36]
[37]
Best Actor Chiwetel Ejiofor Won
Best Supporting Actress Lupita Nyong'o Won
Best Adapted Screenplay John Ridley Won
Australian Academy of Cinema and Television Arts Awards
January 10, 2014 Best International Film 12 Years a Slave Nominated [38]
[39]
Best International Direction Steve McQueen Nominated
Best International Screenplay John Ridley Nominated
Best International Actor Chiwetel Ejiofor Won
Best International Supporting Actor Michael Fassbender Won
Best International Supporting Actress Lupita Nyong'o Nominated
Black Reel Awards
February 13, 2014 Best Film 12 Years a Slave Won [40]
[41]
Best Director Steve McQueen Won
Best Actor Chiwetel Ejiofor Won
Best Supporting Actress Lupita Nyong'o Won
Best Screenplay, Adapted or Original John Ridley Won
Best Ensemble The cast of 12 Years a Slave Won
Best Original Score Hans Zimmer Won
Best Original or Adapted Song Alicia Keys for "Queen of the Field (Patsey’s Song)" Nominated
Outstanding Breakthrough Actress Performance Lupita Nyong'o Won
Boston Online Film Critics Association
December 7, 2013 Top Ten Best Films of the Year 12 Years a Slave Won [42]
Best Picture 12 Years a Slave Won
Best Director Steve McQueen Won
Best Actor Chiwetel Ejiofor Won
Best Supporting Actress Lupita Nyong'o Won
Best Original Score Hans Zimmer Won
Best Editing Joe Walker Won
Best Ensemble 12 Years a Slave Won
Boston Society of Film Critics
December 8, 2013 Best Film 12 Years a Slave Won [43]
Best Director Steve McQueen Won
Best Actor Chiwetel Ejiofor Won
Best Supporting Actress Lupita Nyong'o Runner-up
Britannia Awards
November 9, 2013 British Artist of the Year Benedict Cumberbatch (12 Years a Slave, August: Osage County, The Fifth Estate, The Hobbit: The Desolation of Smaug, and Star Trek Into Darkness) Won [44]
British Academy Film Awards
February 16, 2014 Best Film 12 Years a Slave Won [19]
[20]
Best Director Steve McQueen Nominated
Best Actor Chiwetel Ejiofor Won
Best Supporting Actor Michael Fassbender Nominated
Best Supporting Actress Lupita Nyong'o Nominated
Best Adapted Screenplay John Ridley Nominated
Best Cinematography Sean Bobbitt Nominated
Best Original Music Hans Zimmer Nominated
Best Production Design Adam Stockhausen, and Alice Baker Nominated
Best Editing Joe Walker Nominated
Rising Star Lupita Nyong'o Nominated
Broadcast Film Critics Association
January 16, 2014 Best Film 12 Years a Slave Won [45]
[46]
Best Director Steve McQueen Nominated
Best Actor Chiwetel Ejiofor Nominated
Best Supporting Actor Michael Fassbender Nominated
Best Supporting Actress Lupita Nyong'o Won
Best Acting Ensemble 12 Years a Slave Nominated
Best Adapted Screenplay John Ridley Won
Best Art Direction Adam Stockhausen, and Alice Baker Nominated
Best Cinematography Sean Bobbitt Nominated
Best Costume Design Patricia Norris Nominated
Best Editing Joe Walker Nominated
Best Makeup Ma Kalaadevi Ananda Nominated
Best Score Hans Zimmer Nominated
Camerimage
November 23, 2013 Golden Frog Award 12 Years a Slave Nominated [47]
Casting Society of America
January 22, 2015 Big Budget Drama Francine Maisler, Meagan Lewis, Melissa Kostenbauder Won [48]
[49]
César Award
February 20, 2015 Best Foreign Film 12 Years a Slave Nominated [50]
Chicago Film Critics Association
December 16, 2013 Best Film 12 Years a Slave Won [51]
[52]
Best Director Steve McQueen Won
Best Actor Chiwetel Ejiofor Won
Best Supporting Actor Michael Fassbender Nominated
Best Supporting Actress Lupita Nyong'o Won
Best Adapted Screenplay John Ridley Won
Best Original Score Hans Zimmer Nominated
Best Cinematography Sean Bobbitt Nominated
Best Art Direction/Production Design Adam Stockhausen, and Alice Baker Nominated
Best Editing Joe Walker Nominated
Most Promising Performer Lupita Nyong'o Nominated
Costume Designers Guild
February 22, 2014 Excellence in Period Film Patricia Norris Won [53]
Dallas–Fort Worth Film Critics Association
December 16, 2013 Top 10 Films 12 Years a Slave 1st place [54]
Best Director Steve McQueen 2nd place
Best Actor Chiwetel Ejiofor 2nd place
Best Supporting Actor Michael Fassbender 2nd place
Best Supporting Actress Lupita Nyong'o 1st place
Best Screenplay John Ridley 1st place
Best Cinematography Sean Bobbitt 2nd place
David di Donatello
June 10, 2014 Best Foreign Film 12 Years a Slave Nominated [55]
Denver Film Critics Society
January 13, 2014 Best Picture 12 Years a Slave Nominated [56]
[57]
Best Director Steve McQueen Nominated
Best Actor Chiwetel Ejiofor Nominated
Best Supporting Actor Michael Fassbender Nominated
Best Supporting Actress Lupita Nyong'o Nominated
Best Adapted Screenplay John Ridley Nominated
Best Score Hans Zimmer (also nominated in this category for Man of Steel) Nominated
Detroit Film Critics Society
December 13, 2013 Best Film 12 Years a Slave Nominated [58]
Best Actor Chiwetel Ejiofor Nominated
Best Supporting Actress Lupita Nyong'o Nominated
Best Ensemble Cast 12 Years a Slave Nominated
Directors Guild of America Award
January 25, 2014 Outstanding Directing – Feature Film Steve McQueen Nominated [24]
Dublin Film Festival
December 17, 2014 Top 10 Films 12 Years a Slave 5th Place [59]
Best Director Steve McQueen 7th Place
Best Actor Chiwetel Ejiofor (tied with Tom Hardy for Locke, Joaquin Phoenix for Her, and Bill Hader for The Skeleton Twins) 10th place
Empire Awards
March 30, 2014 Best Film 12 Years a Slave Nominated [60]
[61]
Best Director Steve McQueen Nominated
Best Actor Chiwetel Ejiofor Nominated
Best Supporting Actor Michael Fassbender Won
Best Supporting Actress Lupita Nyong'o Nominated
Best Female Newcomer Lupita Nyong'o Nominated
Florida Film Critics Circle
December 18, 2013 Best Film 12 Years a Slave Won [62]
Best Director Steve McQueen Won
Best Actor Chiwetel Ejiofor Won
Best Supporting Actor Michael Fassbender Runner-up
Best Supporting Actress Lupita Nyong'o Won
Best Adapted Screenplay John Ridley Won
Pauline Kael Breakout Award Lupita Nyong'o Won
Gay and Lesbian Entertainment Critics Association
January 21, 2014 Film of the Year 12 Years a Slave Won [63]
[64]
Film Performance of the Year – Actor Chiwetel Ejiofor Nominated
Film Performance of the Year – Actress Lupita Nyong'o Nominated
Rising Star Award Lupita Nyong'o Nominated
Wilde Artist of the Year Steve McQueen Nominated
Golden Globe Awards
January 12, 2014 Best Motion Picture – Drama 12 Years a Slave Won [17]
[18]
Best Director – Motion Picture Steve McQueen Nominated
Best Performance by an Actor in a Motion Picture – Drama Chiwetel Ejiofor Nominated
Best Performance by an Actor in a Supporting Role – Motion Picture Michael Fassbender Nominated
Best Performance by an Actress in a Supporting Role – Motion Picture Lupita Nyong'o Nominated
Best Screenplay – Motion Picture John Ridley Nominated
Best Original Score – Motion Picture Hans Zimmer Nominated
Golden Tomato Awards
January 9, 2014 Wide Release 12 Years a Slave Runner-up [65]
[66]
Drama 12 Years a Slave Won
Gotham Awards
December 2, 2013 Audience Award 12 Years a Slave Nominated [67]
Best Feature 12 Years a Slave Nominated
Best Actor Chiwetel Ejiofor Nominated
Best Breakthrough Actor Lupita Nyong'o Nominated
Guardian Film Awards
March 6, 2014 Best Film 12 Years a Slave Nominated [68]
[69]
Best Director Steve McQueen Won
Best Actor Chiwetel Ejiofor Nominated
Best Supporting Actor Michael Fassbender Nominated
Best Supporting Actor Lupita Nyong'o Nominated
Best Scene "Patsy returning with the soap" Nominated
Best Dialogue Liza J Bennett Nominated
Biggest game-changer 12 Years a Slave Nominated
Guldbagge Awards
January 20, 2014 Best Foreign Film 12 Years a Slave Nominated [70]
Hamptons International Film Festival
October 20, 2013 Breakthrough Performer Lupita Nyong'o Won [71]
Hollywood Film Festival
October 20, 2013 Breakthrough Directing Steve McQueen Won [72]
New Hollywood Award Lupita Nyong'o Won
Houston Film Critics Society
December 15, 2013 Best Picture 12 Years a Slave Won [73]
[74]
Best Director Steve McQueen Nominated
Best Actor Chiwetel Ejiofor Won
Best Supporting Actor Michael Fassbender Nominated
Best Supporting Actress Lupita Nyong'o Won
Best Screenplay John Ridley Won
Best Cinematography Sean Bobbitt Nominated
Best Original Score Hans Zimmer Nominated
Independent Spirit Awards
March 1, 2014 Best Feature 12 Years a Slave Won [75]
[76]
Best Director Steve McQueen Won
Best Male Lead Chiwetel Ejiofor Nominated
Best Supporting Female Lupita Nyong'o Won
Best Supporting Male Michael Fassbender Nominated
Best Screenplay John Ridley Won
Best Cinematography Sean Bobbitt Won
International Online Film Critics' Poll
January 25, 2015 Best Picture 12 Years a Slave Nominated [77]
Top Ten Films 12 Years a Slave Won
Best Supporting Actress Lupita Nyong'o Nominated
Best Ensemble Cast 12 Years a Slave Nominated
Best Adapted Screenplay John Ridley Won
Iowa Film Critics Association
January 10, 2014 Best Picture 12 Years a Slave Won [78]
Best Director Steve McQueen Won
Best Actor Chiwetel Ejiofor Won
Best Supporting Actor Michael Fassbender Won
Best Supporting Actress Lupita Nyong'o Won
Irish Film & Television Awards
April 5, 2014 Best Supporting Actor Michael Fassbender Won [79]
[80]
Best International Film 12 Years a Slave Nominated
Best International Actor Chiwetel Ejiofor Won
Kansas City Film Critics Circle
December 15, 2013 Best Film 12 Years a Slave Won [81]
Best Director Steve McQueen (tied with Alfonso Cuarón for Gravity) Tied
Best Actor Chiwetel Ejiofor Won
Best Supporting Actor Michael Fassbender Won
Best Supporting Actress Lupita Nyong'o Won
Best Adapted Screenplay John Ridley Won
Las Vegas Film Critics Society
December 18, 2013 LVFCS Top 10 Films of 2013 12 Years a Slave 1st place [82]
Best Picture 12 Years a Slave Won
Best Director Steve McQueen Won
Best Supporting Actress Lupita Nyong'o Won
Best Costume Design Patricia Norris Won
Best Original Score Hans Zimmer Won
London Film Critics' Circle
February 2, 2014 Best Film 12 Years a Slave Won [83]
[84]
Best Director Steve McQueen Nominated
Best Actor Chiwetel Ejiofor Won
Best Supporting Actor Michael Fassbender Nominated
Best Supporting Actress Lupita Nyong'o Won
British Actor of the Year Chiwetel Ejiofor Nominated
Michael Fassbender (12 Years a Slave and The Counselor) Nominated
Best Screenplay John Ridley Nominated
Technical Achievement Award Sean Bobbitt (cinematography) Nominated
Los Angeles Film Critics Association
December 8, 2013 Best Actor Chiwetel Ejiofor Runner-up [85]
Best Supporting Actress Lupita Nyong'o Won
Special Citation The Creative Team of 12 Years a Slave Won
Mill Valley Film Festival
October 11, 2013 Overall Audience Favorite 12 Years a Slave Won [86]
[87]
MVFF Award Steve McQueen, and Chiwetel Ejiofor Won
Motion Picture Sound Editors Golden Reel Awards
February 16, 2014 Best Sound Editing: Music Score in a Feature Film Katrina Schiller Nominated [88]
[89]
Best Sound Editing: Sound Effects & Foley in a Feature Film Ryan Collins, and Robert Jackson Nominated
Best Sound Editing: Dialogue & ADR in a Feature Film Ryan Collins Nominated
MTV Movie Awards
April 13, 2014 Movie of the Year 12 Years a Slave Nominated [90]
Best Male Performance Chiwetel Ejiofor Nominated
Best Female Performance Lupita Nyong'o Nominated
Best Villain Michael Fassbender Nominated
NAACP Image Awards
February 22, 2014 Outstanding Motion Picture 12 Years a Slave Won [91]
[92]
Directing in a Motion Picture Steve McQueen Won
Writing in a Motion Picture John Ridley Won
Outstanding Actor in a Motion Picture Chiwetel Ejiofor Nominated
Supporting Actress in a Motion Picture Alfre Woodard Nominated
Lupita Nyong'o Won
National Board of Review
December 4, 2013 Top Ten Films 12 Years a Slave Won [26]
National Society of Film Critics Awards
January 4, 2014 Best Picture 12 Years a Slave Runner-up [93]
Best Director Steve McQueen Runner-up
Best Actor Chiwetel Ejiofor Runner-up
Best Supporting Actress Lupita Nyong'o Runner-up
New York Film Critics Circle
December 3, 2013 Best Film 12 Years a Slave Runner-up [94]
Best Director Steve McQueen Won
Best Actor Chiwetel Ejiofor Runner-up
Best Supporting Actor Michael Fassbender Runner-up
Best Supporting Actress Lupita Nyong'o Runner-up
New York Film Critics Online
December 8, 2013 Top Films 12 Years a Slave Won [95]
Best Picture 12 Years a Slave Won
Best Actor Chiwetel Ejiofor Won
Best Supporting Actress Lupita Nyong'o Won
North Texas Film Critics Association
January 7, 2014 Best Actor Chiwetel Ejiofor Won [96]
Online Film Critics Society
December 16, 2013 Best Picture 12 Years a Slave Won [97]
[98]
Best Director Steve McQueen Nominated
Best Actor Chiwetel Ejiofor Won
Best Supporting Actor Michael Fassbender Won
Best Supporting Actress Lupita Nyong'o Won
Best Adapted Screenplay John Ridley Won
Best Cinematography Sean Bobbitt Nominated
Best Editing Joe Walker Nominated
Palm Springs International Film Festival
January 13, 2014 Director of the Year Award Steve McQueen Won [99]
[100]
Breakthrough Performance Lupita Nyong'o Won
Phoenix Film Critics Society
December 17, 2013 Top 10 Films 12 Years a Slave Won [101]
[102]
Best Film 12 Years a Slave Won
Best Director Steve McQueen Nominated
Best Actor in a Leading Role Chiwetel Ejiofor Nominated
Best Actor in a Supporting Role Michael Fassbender Nominated
Best Actress in a Supporting Role Lupita Nyong'o Won
Best Screenplay – Adaptation John Ridley Won
Best Cast 12 Years a Slave Nominated
Best Cinematography Sean Bobbitt Nominated
Best Costume Design Patricia Norris Nominated
Best Film Editing Joe Walker Nominated
Best Original Score Hans Zimmer Nominated
Best Production Design Adam Stockhausen, and Alice Baker Nominated
Best Breakthrough Performance on Camera Lupita Nyong'o Nominated
Producers Guild of America Award
January 19, 2014 Best Theatrical Motion Picture Anthony Katagas, Jeremy Kleiner, Steve McQueen, Brad Pitt, and Dede Gardner (tied with Alfonso Cuarón and David Heyman for Gravity) Tied [21]
San Diego Film Critics Society
December 11, 2013 Best Film 12 Years a Slave Nominated [103]
Best Director Steve McQueen Nominated
Best Actor Chiwetel Ejiofor Nominated
Best Supporting Actor Michael Fassbender Nominated
Best Supporting Actress Lupita Nyong'o Nominated
Best Adapted Screenplay John Ridley Nominated
Best Ensemble 12 Years a Slave Nominated
Best Editing Joe Walker Nominated
Best Original Score Hans Zimmer Nominated
Best Production Design Adam Stockhausen, and Alice Baker Nominated
San Francisco Film Critics Circle
December 15, 2013 Best Picture 12 Years a Slave Won [104]
[105]
Best Director Steve McQueen Nominated
Best Actor Chiwetel Ejiofor Won
Best Supporting Actor Michael Fassbender Nominated
Best Supporting Actress Lupita Nyong'o Nominated
Best Adapted Screenplay John Ridley Won
Best Cinematography Sean Bobbitt Nominated
Best Editing Joe Walker Nominated
Best Production Design Adam Stockhausen Nominated
Satellite Awards
February 23, 2014 Best Motion Picture 12 Years a Slave Won [106]
[107]
Best Director Steve McQueen Won
Best Actor – Motion Picture Chiwetel Ejiofor Nominated
Best Supporting Actor – Motion Picture Michael Fassbender Nominated
Best Supporting Actress – Motion Picture Lupita Nyong'o Nominated
Best Adapted Screenplay John Ridley Nominated
Best Cinematography Sean Bobbitt Nominated
Best Costume Design Patricia Norris Nominated
Best Editing Joe Walker Nominated
Best Original Score Hans Zimmer Nominated
Saturn Awards
June 26, 2014 Best Independent Film 12 Years a Slave Won [108]
[109]
Screen Actors Guild Awards
January 18, 2014 Outstanding Performance by a Cast in a Motion Picture Benedict Cumberbatch, Paul Dano, Garret Dillahunt, Chiwetel Ejiofor, Michael Fassbender, Paul Giamatti, Scoot McNairy, Lupita Nyong'o, Adepero Oduye, Sarah Paulson, Brad Pitt, Michael Kenneth Williams, and Alfre Woodard Nominated [22]
[23]
Outstanding Performance by a Male Actor in a Leading Role Chiwetel Ejiofor Nominated
Outstanding Performance by a Male Actor in a Supporting Role Michael Fassbender Nominated
Outstanding Performance by a Female Actor in a Supporting Role Lupita Nyong'o Won
Screen Nation Awards
February 23, 2014 Favourite International Movie 12 Years a Slave Won [110]
Male Performance in Film Chiwetel Ejiofor Won
Favourite Female African Rising Screen Talent Lupita Nyong'o Won
Southeastern Film Critics Association
December 16, 2013 Best Film 12 Years a Slave 1st place [111]
Best Director Steve McQueen Won
Best Actor Chiwetel Ejiofor Won
Best Supporting Actor Michael Fassbender Runner-up
Best Supporting Actress Lupita Nyong'o Won
Best Ensemble 12 Years a Slave Runner-up
Best Adapted Screenplay John Ridley Won
Best Cinematography Sean Bobbitt Runner-up
St. Louis Gateway Film Critics Association
December 16, 2013 Best Picture 12 Years a Slave Won [112]
[113]
Best Director Steve McQueen Won
Best Actor Chiwetel Ejiofor Won
Best Supporting Actor Michael Fassbender Nominated
Best Supporting Actress Lupita Nyong'o Won
Best Adapted Screenplay John Ridley, and Solomon Northup Won
Best Art Direction Adam Stockhausen (production designer), and Alice Baker (set decorator) Nominated
Best Cinematography Sean Bobbitt Won
Best Musical Score Hans Zimmer Nominated
Best Scene "The hanging scene" Won
Stockholm International Film Festival
November 14, 2013 Bronze Horse for Best Film – Special Mention Steve McQueen Won [114]
Best Film Music Hans Zimmer Won
Toronto Film Critics Association
December 17, 2013 Best Film 12 Years a Slave Runner-up [115]
[116]
Best Director Steve McQueen Runner-up
Best Actor Chiwetel Ejiofor Runner-up
Best Supporting Actor Michael Fassbender Runner-up
Best Supporting Actress Lupita Nyong'o Runner-up
Toronto International Film Festival
September 15, 2013 People's Choice Award Steve McQueen Won [8]
USC Libraries Scripter Award
February 8, 2014 Best Adapted Screenplay John Ridley (screenwriter), and Solomon Northup (author) Won [117]
Utah Film Critics Association
December 20, 2013 Best Picture 12 Years a Slave Runner-up [118]
Best Director Steve McQueen Runner-up
Best Actor Chiwetel Ejiofor Won
Best Supporting Actor Michael Fassbender Runner-up
Best Adapted Screenplay John Ridley Runner-up
Vancouver Film Critics Circle
January 7, 2014 Best Film 12 Years a Slave Won [119]
[120]
Best Actor Chiwetel Ejiofor Nominated
Best Supporting Actor Michael Fassbender Nominated
Best Supporting Actress Lupita Nyong'o Nominated
Best Director Steve McQueen Nominated
Best Screenplay John Ridley Nominated
Village Voice Film Poll
December 22, 2013 Best Director Steve McQueen Won [121]
[122]
[123]
[124]
Best Actor Chiwetel Ejiofor Won
Best Supporting Actor Michael Fassbender Runner-up
Best Supporting Actress Lupita Nyong'o Won
Washington D.C. Area Film Critics Association
December 9, 2013 Best Film 12 Years a Slave Won [125]
[126]
Best Director Steve McQueen Nominated
Best Actor Chiwetel Ejiofor Won
Best Supporting Actor Michael Fassbender Nominated
Best Supporting Actress Lupita Nyong'o Won
Best Acting Ensemble 12 Years a Slave Won
Best Adapted Screenplay John Ridley Won
Best Art Direction Adam Stockhausen (production designer), and Alice Baker (set decorator) Nominated
Best Cinematography Sean Bobbitt Nominated
Best Editing Joe Walker Nominated
Best Score Hans Zimmer Won
Women Film Critics Circle
December 17, 2013 Best Actor Chiwetel Ejiofor Won [127]
Best Male Images in a Movie Chiwetel Ejiofor Won
Josephine Baker Award 12 Years a Slave Won
See also[edit]
##2013 in film
Notes[edit]
1.Jump up ^ Certain award groups do not simply award one winner. They recognize several different recipients and have runner-ups. Since this is a specific recognition and is different from losing an award, runner-up mentions are considered wins in this award tally.
References[edit]
1.^ Jump up to: a b Dargis, Manohla (October 17, 2013). "The Blood and Tears, Not the Magnolias ‘12 Years a Slave’ Holds Nothing Back in Show of Suffering". The New York Times. Retrieved July 31, 2014.
2.^ Jump up to: a b Kermode, Mark (January 12, 2014). "12 Years a Slave – review". The Guardian. Retrieved August 31, 2014.
3.Jump up ^ "12 Years a Slave - Acting Credits". The New York Times. Retrieved August 7, 2014.
4.Jump up ^ "12 Years a Slave (2013)". The New York Times. Retrieved August 31, 2014.
5.Jump up ^ Hammond, Pete (August 31, 2013). "Telluride: '12 Years A Slave' Ignites The Festival, But Fox Searchlight Plans To Take It Slow". Deadline.com. Retrieved October 28, 2013.
6.Jump up ^ Brooks, Brian (August 30, 2013). "McQueen's "12 Years A Slave" Will Have U.S. Debut at NYFF51". Film Society of Lincoln Center. Retrieved October 28, 2013.
7.Jump up ^ Bailey, Cameron. "12 Years a Slave | tiff.net". Toronto International Film Festival. Retrieved October 28, 2013.
8.^ Jump up to: a b Vlessing, Etan (September 15, 2013). "Toronto: '12 Years a Slave' Wins Audience Award". The Hollywood Reporter (Prometheus Global Media). Retrieved September 15, 2013.
9.Jump up ^ Horn, John (October 29, 2013). "In first wider weekend, '12 Years a Slave' reaches key audiences". Los Angeles Times. Tribune Company. Retrieved October 29, 2013.
10.Jump up ^ "12 Years a Slave (2013)". Box Office Mojo. Retrieved August 1, 2014.
11.Jump up ^ "Steve McQueen (II) Movie Box Office Results". Box Office Mojo. Retrieved August 1, 2014.
12.Jump up ^ "12 Years a Slave". Rotten Tomatoes. Retrieved February 1, 2015.
13.^ Jump up to: a b "2014 Oscar Nominees". Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences. January 16, 2014. Archived from the original on October 6, 2014. Retrieved January 16, 2014.
14.^ Jump up to: a b "Oscars 2014 Winners: The Complete List". The Hollywood Reporter (Prometheus Global Media). March 2, 2014. Retrieved March 9, 2014.
15.Jump up ^ "Steve McQueen paves way for artists to break the boundaries". The Guardian. March 8, 2014. Retrieved July 31, 2014.
16.Jump up ^ "Steve McQueen: making history". British Film Institute. March 5, 2014. Retrieved July 31, 2014.
17.^ Jump up to: a b "Golden Globes Nominations: The Full List". Variety (Penske Media Corporation). January 11, 2014. Retrieved March 10, 2014.
18.^ Jump up to: a b "Golden Globe Awards Winners". Variety (Penske Media Corporation). January 12, 2014. Retrieved March 10, 2014.
19.^ Jump up to: a b "Bafta Film Awards 2014: Full list of nominees". BBC News. January 8, 2014. Retrieved January 8, 2014.
20.^ Jump up to: a b "Bafta Film Awards 2014: Full list of winners". BBC News. February 16, 2014. Retrieved March 9, 2014.
21.^ Jump up to: a b "25th Annual PGA Awards: First-Ever Tie For Best Motion Picture — ‘Gravity’ And ‘12 Years A Slave’; ‘Breaking Bad’ & ‘Modern Family’ Take Top TV Awards; Winners List". Deadline.com. January 19, 2014. Retrieved April 17, 2014.
22.^ Jump up to: a b Kilday, Gregg (December 11, 2013). "Screen Actors Guild Awards: '12 Years a Slave' leads Screen Actors Guild nominations". The Guardian. Retrieved December 11, 2013.
23.^ Jump up to: a b "SAG Awards 2014: Winners in Full". BBC News. January 19, 2014. Retrieved March 21, 2014.
24.^ Jump up to: a b "Directors Guild Nominates Cuaron, Greengrass, McQueen, Russell, Scorsese". Variety (Penske Media Corporation). January 7, 2014. Retrieved July 31, 2014.
25.^ Jump up to: a b "AFI Awards 2013: Top 10 Films List Is Good News For Major Studios". Deadline.com. December 9, 2014. Retrieved April 17, 2014.
26.^ Jump up to: a b "National Board of Review Announces 2013 Award Winners". National Board of Review. December 4, 2013. Retrieved April 17, 2014.
27.Jump up ^ "AARP Names ’12 Years a Slave’ Best Movie for Grownups". Variety (Penske Media Corporation). January 6, 2014. Retrieved January 6, 2014.
28.Jump up ^ "2013 African-American Film Critics Association winners". HitFix. December 13, 2013. Retrieved April 17, 2014.
29.Jump up ^ "2013 Alliance of Women Film Journalists nominations". HitFix. December 12, 2013. Retrieved March 9, 2014.
30.Jump up ^ "2013 EDA Award Winners". Alliance of Women Film Journalists. December 11, 2013. Retrieved December 11, 2013.
31.Jump up ^ "2014 ABFF Movie Awards Nominees Announced". American Black Film Festival. February 12, 2014. Retrieved February 12, 2014.
32.Jump up ^ "ABFF Movie Awards - Nominees & Winners". American Black Film Festival. Retrieved July 31, 2014.
33.Jump up ^ Giardina, Carolyn (January 10, 2014). "'12 Years a Slave,' 'Captain Phillips,' 'Gravity' Among ACE Eddie Award Nominees". The Hollywood Reporter (Prometheus Global Media). Retrieved July 31, 2014.
34.Jump up ^ "ASC Awards 2014". American Society of Cinematographers. February 24, 2014. Retrieved February 24, 2014.
35.Jump up ^ "2013 Art Directors Guild Award nominations". HitFix. 9 January 2014. Retrieved 9 January 2014.
36.Jump up ^ "2013 Awards". Austin Film Critics Association. December 17, 2013. Retrieved December 17, 2013.
37.Jump up ^ "2013 Austin Film Critics Association winners". HitFix. December 17, 2013. Retrieved July 31, 2014.
38.Jump up ^ "2013 AACTA International Awards". HitFix. January 13, 2014. Retrieved April 17, 2014.
39.Jump up ^ "'Gravity' Wins Best Film At Australian Academy Awards; '12 Years A Slave' Nabs Two Acting Nods". Deadline.com. 11 January 2014. Retrieved 11 January 2014.
40.Jump up ^ "The 14th Annual Black Reel Awards Nominations". Black Reel Awards. December 18, 2013. Retrieved December 22, 2013.
41.Jump up ^ ""12 Years a Slave" Breaks Free". Black Reel Awards. February 14, 2014. Retrieved March 9, 2014.
42.Jump up ^ "2013 Boston Online Film Critics Association winners". HitFix. December 8, 2013. Retrieved April 17, 2014.
43.Jump up ^ "2013 Boston Society of Film Critics winners". HitFix. December 8, 2013. Retrieved April 17, 2014.
44.Jump up ^ "The Britannia Awards: Benedict Cumberbatch site". British Academy of Film and Television Arts. September 5, 2013. Archived from the original on August 17, 2014. Retrieved September 5, 2013.
45.Jump up ^ "American Hustle, 12 Years A Slave Lead BFCA’s Critics Choice Movie Awards Nominations". Deadline.com. December 17, 2013. Retrieved December 17, 2013.
46.Jump up ^ "Critics' Choice Awards: The Winners". The Hollywood Reporter (Prometheus Global Media). January 17, 2014. Retrieved January 17, 2014.
47.Jump up ^ Braund, Simon (November 23, 2013). "CamerImage 2013: The Golden Frog". Empire. Retrieved November 23, 2013.
48.Jump up ^ "Casting Society Unveils Artios Film Nominees". Deadline.com. Penske Media Corporation. January 6, 2015. Retrieved January 6, 2015.
49.Jump up ^ Tapley, Kristopher (January 23, 2015). "'Grand Budapest,' 'Wolf of Wall Street' win awards from Casting Society of America". HitFix. Retrieved January 23, 2015.
50.Jump up ^ "César Nominations: ‘Saint Laurent’, ‘Timbuktu’, Kristen Stewart In Mix – Full List". Deadline.com. January 28, 2015. Retrieved January 28, 2015.
51.Jump up ^ "2013 Chicago Film Critics Association Nominations". HitFix. December 13, 2013. Retrieved December 20, 2013.
52.Jump up ^ "Chicago film critics name '12 Years a Slave' 2013's best movie". The Daily Herald. December 17, 2013. Retrieved December 20, 2013.
53.Jump up ^ "Costume Designers Guild Awards: Patricia Norris Wins For ’12 Years A Slave’, Suzy Benzinger For ‘Blue Jasmine’, Trish Summerville For ‘Catching Fire’, TV Winners ‘Downton Abbey’; ‘House Of Cards’, ‘Behind The Candelabra’". Deadline.com. February 22, 2014. Retrieved March 9, 2014.
54.Jump up ^ "2013 Dallas–Fort Worth Film Critics Association winners". HitFix. December 16, 2013. Retrieved March 9, 2014.
55.Jump up ^ "'The Great Beauty,' 'The Human Capital' Dominate Italy's Donatello Awards Nominations". The Hollywood Reporter (Prometheus Global Media). May 14, 2014. Retrieved July 31, 2014.
56.Jump up ^ "2013 Denver Film Critics Society Nominations". HitFix. December 6, 2013. Retrieved January 6, 2014.
57.Jump up ^ "2013 Denver Film Critics Society winners". HitFix. January 22, 2014. Retrieved April 17, 2014.
58.Jump up ^ "The 2013 Detroit Film Critics Society Awards Nominations". Detroit Film Critics Society. December 9, 2013. Retrieved April 25, 2014.
59.Jump up ^ "Dublin critics award 'Boyhood,' 'Frank,' Jake Gyllenhaal and Marion Cotillard". HitFix. December 17, 2014. Retrieved December 17, 2014.
60.Jump up ^ "The Jameson Empire Awards 2014 Nominations Are Here!". Empire. February 24, 2014. Retrieved March 4, 2014.
61.Jump up ^ "Jameson Empire Awards 2014: The Winners". Empire. March 31, 2014. Retrieved March 31, 2014.
62.Jump up ^ "2013 FFCC Award Winners". Florida Film Critics Circle. December 18, 2013. Retrieved December 18, 2013.
63.Jump up ^ "'12 Years a Slave,' 'American Hustle' Among Dorian Award Nominees (Exclusive)". The Hollywood Reporter (Prometheus Global Media). January 14, 2014. Retrieved January 14, 2014.
64.Jump up ^ "Gay and Lesbian Entertainment Critics Name '12 Years a Slave' Best Film". The Hollywood Reporter (Prometheus Global Media). January 21, 2014. Retrieved March 9, 2014.
65.Jump up ^ "The 15th Annual Golden Tomato Awards". Rotten Tomatoes. Retrieved August 9, 2014.
66.Jump up ^ "The 15th Annual Golden Tomato Awards". Rotten Tomatoes. Retrieved July 31, 2014.
67.Jump up ^ "'12 Years a Slave,' 'Before Midnight' in line for gold at Gotham Awards". HitFix. October 24, 2013. Retrieved July 31, 2014.
68.Jump up ^ "12 Years a Slave joins Gravity, The Great Beauty … and Alan Partridge on the Guardian Film Awards shortlist". The Guardian. February 18, 2014. Retrieved February 18, 2014.
69.Jump up ^ "Guardian film awards winners 2014". The Guardian. Retrieved March 9, 2014.
70.Jump up ^ "Bästa utländska film Nominerad" (in Swedish). Guldbagge Awards. Retrieved January 3, 2014.
71.Jump up ^ "Film Commission plans to fly Lupita in for movie premiere". The Star (Kenya). January 25, 2014. Retrieved July 31, 2014.
72.Jump up ^ Fienberg, Scott (September 30, 2013). "'12 Years a Slave' Director and Actress to be Honored at Hollywood Film Awards (Exclusive)". The Hollywood Reporter (Prometheus Global Media). Retrieved September 30, 2013.
73.Jump up ^ "2013 Houston Film Critics Society nominations". HitFix. December 8, 2013. Retrieved December 20, 2013.
74.Jump up ^ "2013 Houston Film Critics Society winners". HitFix. December 15, 2013. Retrieved April 17, 2014.
75.Jump up ^ "2014 Spirit Awards: ‘12 Years A Slave’, ‘All Is Lost’, ‘Frances Ha’, ‘Inside Llewyn Davis’ & ‘Nebraska’ Nab Best Feature Noms". Deadline.com. November 26, 2013. Retrieved July 31, 2014.
76.Jump up ^ "‘12 Years a Slave’ Wins Best Feature at Spirit Awards". Variety (Penske Media Corporation). March 1, 2014. Retrieved March 9, 2014.
77.Jump up ^ "Winners of the 2013 – 2014 International Online Film Critics’ Poll Announced". Monsters and Critics. January 26, 2015. Retrieved January 27, 2015.
78.Jump up ^ "2013 Iowa Film Critics Association Awards". HitFix. January 10, 2014. Retrieved July 31, 2014.
79.Jump up ^ "Award Categories". Irish Film & Television Awards. Retrieved March 6, 2014.
80.Jump up ^ "IFTA Announces Winners of the 11th Annual Irish Film & Television Awards". Irish Film and Television Network. April 5, 2014. Retrieved April 6, 2014.
81.Jump up ^ "2013 Kansas City Film Critics Circle". HitFix. December 15, 2013. Retrieved July 31, 2014.
82.Jump up ^ "2013 Las Vegas Film Critics' Society Award winners". HitFix. December 18, 2013. Retrieved April 17, 2014.
83.Jump up ^ Barraclough, Leo (December 18, 2013). "’12 Years a Slave’ Leads London Critics Nominations". Variety (Penske Media Corporation). Retrieved December 18, 2013.
84.Jump up ^ "12 Years a Slave leads CC Film Awards". London Film Critics Circle. February 3, 2014. Retrieved July 31, 2014.
85.Jump up ^ "‘Gravity,’ ‘Her’ Tie for Best Picture With L.A. Film Critics". Variety (Penske Media Corporation). December 8, 2013. Retrieved December 8, 2013.
86.Jump up ^ Walsh, Jason (October 15, 2013). "'12 Years a Slave' takes audience award at MVFF". Pacific Sun. Retrieved October 25, 2013.
87.Jump up ^ "Spotlight on Steve McQueen and Chiwetel Ejiofor". Mill Valley Film Festival. Archived from the original on March 27, 2014. Retrieved October 25, 2013.
88.Jump up ^ Walsh, Jason (January 15, 2014). "Sound Editors Announce 2013 Golden Reel Nominees". Variety (Penske Media Corporation). Retrieved January 15, 2014.
89.Jump up ^ "'Gravity' and '12 Years a Slave' lead MPSE Golden Reel Awards nominations". HitFix. Retrieved January 15, 2014.
90.Jump up ^ "American Hustle and Jackass lead 2014 MTV Movie Awards nominations". The Guardian. March 6, 2014. Retrieved March 6, 2014.
91.Jump up ^ "’12 Years a Slave,’ ‘The Butler’ Score Big in NAACP Nominations". Variety (Penske Media Corporation). January 9, 2014. Retrieved January 9, 2014.
92.Jump up ^ "'12 Years a Slave,' Kevin Hart winners at NAACP Image Awards". Los Angeles Times. February 22, 2014. Retrieved July 31, 2014.
93.Jump up ^ "'Inside Llewyn Davis,' Jennifer Lawrence and James Franco earn key NFSC wins". HitFix. January 4, 2014. Retrieved July 31, 2014.
94.Jump up ^ "'American Hustle' wins big with New York Film Critics Circle". HitFix. December 3, 2013. Retrieved July 31, 2014.
95.Jump up ^ Gray, Tim (December 8, 2013). "’12 Years’ Tops New York Online Critics Awards". Variety (Penske Media Corporation). Retrieved December 8, 2013.
96.Jump up ^ "2013 North Texas Film Critics Association winners". HitFix. January 5, 2014. Retrieved April 17, 2014.
97.Jump up ^ "The Online Film Critics Society Announces 17th Annual Awards". Online Film Critics Society. December 9, 2013. Retrieved December 9, 2013.
98.Jump up ^ "The 17th Annual OFCS Awards Winners Announced". Online Film Critics Society. Retrieved July 31, 2014.
99.Jump up ^ "Steve McQueen To Receive Palm Springs’ Director Of The Year Award". Deadline.com. November 21, 2013. Retrieved July 31, 2014.
100.Jump up ^ "Palm Springs Film Fest: Honors for '12 Years' Scene-Stealer and 'Mr. Banks' Composer". The Hollywood Reporter (Prometheus Global Media). December 9, 2013. Retrieved July 31, 2014.
101.Jump up ^ "Phoenix Film Critics Society 2013 Award Nominations". Phoenix Film Critics Society. Retrieved December 10, 2013.
102.Jump up ^ "Phoenix Film Critics Society 2013 Awards". Phoenix Film Critics Society. December 17, 2013. Retrieved December 17, 2013.
103.Jump up ^ "2013 San Diego Film Critics Society Nominations". HitFix. December 10, 2013. Retrieved August 10, 2014.
104.Jump up ^ "2013 San Francisco Film Critics Circle Nominations". HitFix. December 13, 2013. Retrieved December 20, 2013.
105.Jump up ^ "2013 San Francisco Film Critics Circle winners". HitFix. December 15, 2013. Retrieved April 17, 2014.
106.Jump up ^ Kilday, Gregg (December 2, 2013). "Satellite Awards: '12 Years a Slave' Leads Film Nominees". The Hollywood Reporter (Prometheus Global Media). Retrieved December 2, 2013.
107.Jump up ^ "Satellite Awards: '12 Years a Slave' Wins Best Motion Picture". The Hollywood Reporter (Prometheus Global Media). February 23, 2014. Retrieved March 21, 2014.
108.Jump up ^ "‘Gravity,’ ‘The Hobbit: The Desolation of Smaug’ Lead Saturn Awards Noms". Variety (Penske Media Corporation). February 25, 2014. Retrieved April 17, 2014.
109.Jump up ^ "'Gravity,' 'Iron Man 3,' 'Breaking Bad' and 'The Walking Dead' lead 2014 Saturn Award winners". HitFix. June 27, 2014. Retrieved July 1, 2014.
110.Jump up ^ "12 Years a Slave wins three at Screen Nation awards". Screen International. February 25, 2014. Retrieved July 31, 2014.
111.Jump up ^ Tapley, Kristopher (December 16, 2013). "2013 Southeastern Film Critics Association winners". HitFix. Retrieved December 16, 2013.
112.Jump up ^ "St. Louis Film Critics Awards Nominees For 2013 Announced". St. Louis Gateway Film Critics Association. December 9, 2013. Retrieved December 20, 2013.
113.Jump up ^ "2013 St. Louis Gateway Film Critics Association winners". HitFix. December 16, 2013. Retrieved April 17, 2014.
114.Jump up ^ "Winners of the 24th Stockholm International Film Festival". Stockholm International Film Festival. Retrieved November 19, 2013.
115.Jump up ^ Lacey, Liam (December 17, 2013). "Toronto film critics name Coen brothers movie the best of 2013". The Globe and Mail. Retrieved December 17, 2013.
116.Jump up ^ Szklarski, Cassandra (December 17, 2013). "Toronto critics pick Inside Llewyn Davis". Metro News (Metro International). Retrieved December 17, 2013.
117.Jump up ^ "'12 Years a Slave' Writers Win USC Scripter Award". The Hollywood Reporter (Prometheus Global Media). February 8, 2014. Retrieved July 31, 2014.
118.Jump up ^ "2013 Utah Film Critics Association winners". HitFix. December 20, 2013. Retrieved April 17, 2014.
119.Jump up ^ Sens, aL (December 20, 2013). "12 Years a Slave leads Vancouver Film Critics Circle International nominations with 6 nods". Vancouver Film Critics Circle. Retrieved December 20, 2013.
120.Jump up ^ "And the winners are...". Vancouver Film Critics Circle. January 8, 2014. Retrieved March 25, 2014.
121.Jump up ^ "New York - The 2013 Village Voice Film Critics' Poll - Director". Village Voice Film Poll. Retrieved July 31, 2014.
122.Jump up ^ "New York - The 2013 Village Voice Film Critics' Poll - Actor". Village Voice Film Poll. Retrieved July 31, 2014.
123.Jump up ^ "New York - The 2013 Village Voice Film Critics' Poll - Supporting Actor". Village Voice Film Poll. Retrieved July 31, 2014.
124.Jump up ^ "New York - The 2013 Village Voice Film Critics' Poll - Supporting Actress". Village Voice Film Poll. Retrieved July 31, 2014.
125.Jump up ^ "2013 Washington D.C. Area Film Critics Association nominations". HitFix. December 9, 2013. Retrieved April 17, 2014.
126.Jump up ^ "2013 Washington D.C. Area Film Critics Association winners". HitFix. December 8, 2013. Retrieved April 17, 2014.
127.Jump up ^ "2013 Women Film Critics Circle winners". HitFix. December 16, 2013. Retrieved December 16, 2013.
External links[edit]
##Awards for 12 Years a Slave at Internet Movie Database
Categories: Lists of accolades by film
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http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_accolades_received_by_12_Years_a_Slave_(film)
Solomon Northup's Odyssey
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to: navigation, search
Solomon Northup's Odyssey
Solomon Northup's Odyssey (cover).jpg
Directed by
Gordon Parks
Produced by
Yanna Kroyt Brandt
Written by
Lou Potter
Samm-Art Williams
Based on
Twelve Years a Slave
by Solomon Northup
Starring
Avery Brooks
Music by
Gordon Parks
Cinematography
Hiro Narita
Editing by
John Carter
Production company
The Fremantle Corporation
Past America Inc.
Country
United States
Language
English
Original channel
PBS
Release date
December 10, 1984
Running time
118 minutes
Solomon Northup's Odyssey, reissued as Half Slave, Half Free, is a 1984 American television film based on the autobiography Twelve Years a Slave by Solomon Northup, a free black man who was kidnapped and sold into slavery. The film, which aired on PBS, was directed by Gordon Parks with Avery Brooks starring as the titular character. It was the second film to be funded by the National Endowment for the Humanities, following Denmark Vesey's Rebellion in 1982. Parks returned to direct the film after years of absence. He chose to work in the Deep South and to collaborate with a crew of mixed races. The film first aired on PBS on December 10, 1984 and as part of PBS's American Playhouse anthology television series in the following year. It was released on video under the title Half Slave, Half Free.
Solomon Northup's Odyssey was the first film adaptation of Twelve Years a Slave. A second film adaptation, 12 Years a Slave, directed by Steve McQueen, was released in 2013.
Contents [hide]
1 Synopsis
2 Cast
3 Production
4 Release
5 See also
6 References
7 External links
Synopsis[edit]
Solomon Northup's Odyssey is based on the true story of Solomon Northup, a free black man in Saratoga, New York who was kidnapped in 1841 and sold into slavery (see slavery in the United States). Northup was intelligent, skilled in carpentry, and was able to play music. He was enslaved in the state of Louisiana for 12 years before he was released.[1]
Cast[edit]
Avery Brooks as Solomon Northup
Rhetta Green as Jenny
Petronia Paley as Anne
Joe Seneca as Noah
Michael Tolan as Henry Northup
Janet League
Jay McMillian
Art Evans
Lee Bryant
John Saxon
Production[edit]
Solomon Northup's Odyssey is directed by Gordon Parks, who also composed the film score with Kermit Moore.[2] The television film is based on the autobiography Twelve Years a Slave by Solomon Northup. Lou Potter and Samm-Art Williams wrote the teleplay for the film. The film was produced by The Fremantle Corporation and Past America Inc.[3] The National Endowment for the Humanities provided funding for a series of programs related to American history. Producer Shep Morgan received a planning grant from the NEH in 1976 and sought input from historians including Robert B. Toplin who suggested the topic of American slavery. When the miniseries Roots was aired in 1977, the team was forced to argue to some television executives that there was more to say about American slavery. The first film in the series was Denmark Vesey's Rebellion, about Denmark Vesey, who planned a slave rebellion. The film was aired on PBS in 1982, and Solomon Northup's Odyssey was the next to be produced. Toplin said, "While we hoped the Vesey show would throw light on questions about slave insurrections, we designed the Northup film to address questions about life in bondage."[4] Toplin said the film in particular corrected the tendency of Roots and similar media "to portray almost all slaveholders as insensitive exploiters". Toplin described the various portrayals, "[It] showed an African American working under three different masters. One was a kindly individual whose good intentions were undermined by the slave system. A second master was a vicious, poorly educated individual who was jealous of Northup's intelligence and skills. The third respected Northup but drove him hard nevertheless in order to maximize profits on his plantation."[5]
Gordon Parks was approached to direct the film, and though he was disillusioned by his experience with the release of his 1976 feature film Leadbelly, he anticipated a different experience in television.[6] After not having directed a film in years, he returned to adapt the autobiography. The script mostly followed Northup's autobiography, though Parks had to change some parts. Parks said, "Solomon was very tolerant in a terrible situation, and very fair in his reporting. I tried to remain fair in my reporting and not go overboard, although it's very difficult not to when you know so much happened that was so bad to so many people. But there were things I had to change." Five historical advisers assisted with the film, though Parks said he felt pressured "to keep it toned down".[7]
Parks chose to film in areas of the Deep South where Northup labored in slavery.[6] The director sought to have a crew of mixed races, he said "perhaps to show the Southerners how Blacks and Whites could work together". In his memoir, Parks recalled the mix: Japanese American cinematographer Hiro Narita, a black producer and assistant director, a mostly white crew, and a black costume lady who was assisted by a woman from Hong Kong.[6] He filmed Solomon Northup's Odyssey in three weeks' time in Savannah, Georgia.[8] Parks said of the final product, "I can't say I don't like the film; I think it's a powerful film, but it could have been stronger. But you meet that sort of crisis on every film; there are some sort of compromises you always have to make."[7]
Release[edit]
Solomon Northup's Odyssey first aired on PBS on December 10, 1984. It aired again as part of the PBS anthology television series American Playhouse on February 13, 1985.[7] The film was released on video in 1985 as Half Slave, Half Free.[9] Ebony said the film had the second-largest "Black viewership of any PBS show", following Denmark Vesey's Rebellion. The magazine said Solomon Northup's Odyssey at the time of airing "has been praised by critics who are calling for a theater release as well".[10] John Corry of The New York Times said of the film, "It gives us an earnest and intelligent depiction, although its real subject—the moral effect of slavery—stays just out of reach. It is almost as if the drama's good taste is keeping it at bay." Corry said the direction obeying the "fidelity of history" made the setting and the society less harsh: "It is not meant this way, but an intolerable institution is made to look almost benign." He commended the performances of Brooks, Green, Saxon, and Seneca and concluded, "'Solomon Northrup's Odyssey' [sic] is informative, but whatever else it is, it is not dull."[1]
Film critic Gene Siskel, writing for the Chicago Tribune, said Solomon Northup's Odyssey was "beautifully filmed" with Parks's past experience as a photographer. Siskel also commended Brooks for portraying Northup "with nobility and humanity".[11] Jeff Jarvis, reviewing for People, said the film was made "with remarkable restraint". Jarvis said, "It is teary stuff. But because Parks and Brooks do not go overboard, they manage to make their picture of slavery seem real. Their show... is extraordinarily effective and moving."[12] Author Alan J. Singer wrote that "Solomon Northup's Odyssey... is a much more accurate picture of plantation life and work" than the miniseries Roots (1977), which he said had a soap opera quality and that "enslaved Africans are rarely shown working".[13] For the film, Past America, Inc. received the Erik Barnouw Award from the Organization of American Historians.[14]
In 2013, when Steve McQueen's adaptation 12 Years a Slave was released, Colorlines noted the obscurity of Solomon Northup's Odyssey, "With limited funding, and predating social media, the film came and went with little fanfare."[15] The blog Vulture under the magazine New York compared the film to 12 Years a Slave, "As a made-for-TV movie from the mid-eighties, [Solomon Northup's Odyssey] had a very modest budget and could never come close to the brutality of McQueen's film. Yet Parks's film is beautiful in its own right, lacking the ferocious immediacy of McQueen's work, but containing a somber lyricism that's hard to shake. The outrage is still there, just more muted and given more historical context."[16]
By 2013, when 12 Years a Slave was released, Vulture said of the 1984 film, "Out-of-print videos of it sell for a lot of money nowadays," and that the film was available for streaming online.[16]
IndieCollect, a film preservation organization, uncovered an original negative of Solomon Northup's Odyssey from DuArt Film and Video's vault. The company Colorlab created a new print from the negative, and the U.S. National Archives and Records Administration hosted a one-time screening of the new print on May 20, 2014 before IndieCollect donated the print to the Library of Congress for safekeeping.[17]
See also[edit]
List of films featuring slavery
William Prince Ford
References[edit]
1.^ Jump up to: a b Corry, John (February 13, 1985). "TV Review; 'Solomon Northrup's Odyssey,' Story of a Slave". The New York Times.
2.Jump up ^ Fox, Margalit (November 11, 2013). "Kermit Moore, Cellist, Conductor and Composer, Is Dead at 84". The New York Times.
3.Jump up ^ Klotman, Phyllis Rauch; Gibson, Gloria J. Frame by Frame II: A Filmography of the African American Image, 1978-1994. Indiana University Press. p. 210. ISBN 978-0-253-21120-0.
4.Jump up ^ Toplin, Robert B. (Fall 1985). "Making a Slavery Docudrama". OAG Magazine of History (Organization of American Historians) 1 (2): 17–19. ISSN 0882-228X.
5.Jump up ^ Toplin, Robert B. (2006). "Slavery". In Rollins, Peter C. The Columbia Companion to American History on Film: How the Movies Have Portrayed the American Past. Columbia University Press. p. 555. ISBN 978-0-231-11223-9.
6.^ Jump up to: a b c Parks, Gordon (2007). A Hungry Heart: A Memoir. Washington Square Press. pp. 333–334. ISBN 978-0-7432-6903-2.
7.^ Jump up to: a b c Bennetts, Leslie (February 11, 1985). "TV film by Parks looks at slavery". The New York Times.
8.Jump up ^ Staff (September 17, 1984). "Parks' Film Tells Of Free Man Sold Into Slavery". Jet.
9.Jump up ^ Mustard, David B. (2003). "Films". Racial Justice in America: A Reference Handbook. ABC-CLIO. p. 239. ISBN 978-1-57607-214-1.
10.Jump up ^ Staff (March 1985). "The Making of a Black Legacy in Film". Ebony: 54, 56.
11.Jump up ^ Siskel, Gene (July 26, 1984). "'Odyssey' travels to heart of slavery". Chicago Tribune.
12.Jump up ^ Jarvis, Jeff (December 10, 1984). "Picks and Pans Review: American Playhouse: Solomon Northup's Odyssey". People 22 (24).
13.Jump up ^ Singer, Alan J. (2008). "Books, Movies, and Web Sites". New York and Slavery: Time to Teach the Truth. State University of New York Press. pp. 124–125. ISBN 978-0-7914-7510-2.
14.Jump up ^ Maltin, Leonard (October 17, 2013). "12 Years A Slave—The Second Time Around". Movie Crazy (Indiewire Network). Retrieved November 21, 2013.
15.Jump up ^ Gabriel, Dexter (October 25, 2013). "'12 Years a Slave' In Cinematic Context". Colorlines (Race Forward). Retrieved March 11, 2014.
16.^ Jump up to: a b Ebiri, Bilge (November 11, 2013). "A Tale Twice Told: Comparing 12 Years a Slave to 1984's TV Movie Solomon Northup's Odyssey". Vulture (New York). Retrieved November 12, 2013.
17.Jump up ^ Staff (May 6, 2014). "National Archives Hosts Screening and Program on Solomon Northup’s Odyssey May 20". archives.gov. National Archives and Records Administration. Retrieved December 17, 2014.
External links[edit]
Solomon Northup's Odyssey at the Internet Movie Database
From American Playhouse to 12 Years a Slave at National Endowment for the Humanities
Did You Know About the Original Film Version of Twelve Years a Slave? at Colorlab
[hide]
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Films directed by Gordon Parks
The Learning Tree (1969) ·
Shaft (1971) ·
Shaft's Big Score (1972) ·
The Super Cops (1974) ·
Leadbelly (1976) ·
Solomon Northup's Odyssey (1984)
Categories: English-language films
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http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solomon_Northup%27s_Odyssey
Solomon Northup's Odyssey
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to: navigation, search
Solomon Northup's Odyssey
Solomon Northup's Odyssey (cover).jpg
Directed by
Gordon Parks
Produced by
Yanna Kroyt Brandt
Written by
Lou Potter
Samm-Art Williams
Based on
Twelve Years a Slave
by Solomon Northup
Starring
Avery Brooks
Music by
Gordon Parks
Cinematography
Hiro Narita
Editing by
John Carter
Production company
The Fremantle Corporation
Past America Inc.
Country
United States
Language
English
Original channel
PBS
Release date
December 10, 1984
Running time
118 minutes
Solomon Northup's Odyssey, reissued as Half Slave, Half Free, is a 1984 American television film based on the autobiography Twelve Years a Slave by Solomon Northup, a free black man who was kidnapped and sold into slavery. The film, which aired on PBS, was directed by Gordon Parks with Avery Brooks starring as the titular character. It was the second film to be funded by the National Endowment for the Humanities, following Denmark Vesey's Rebellion in 1982. Parks returned to direct the film after years of absence. He chose to work in the Deep South and to collaborate with a crew of mixed races. The film first aired on PBS on December 10, 1984 and as part of PBS's American Playhouse anthology television series in the following year. It was released on video under the title Half Slave, Half Free.
Solomon Northup's Odyssey was the first film adaptation of Twelve Years a Slave. A second film adaptation, 12 Years a Slave, directed by Steve McQueen, was released in 2013.
Contents [hide]
1 Synopsis
2 Cast
3 Production
4 Release
5 See also
6 References
7 External links
Synopsis[edit]
Solomon Northup's Odyssey is based on the true story of Solomon Northup, a free black man in Saratoga, New York who was kidnapped in 1841 and sold into slavery (see slavery in the United States). Northup was intelligent, skilled in carpentry, and was able to play music. He was enslaved in the state of Louisiana for 12 years before he was released.[1]
Cast[edit]
Avery Brooks as Solomon Northup
Rhetta Green as Jenny
Petronia Paley as Anne
Joe Seneca as Noah
Michael Tolan as Henry Northup
Janet League
Jay McMillian
Art Evans
Lee Bryant
John Saxon
Production[edit]
Solomon Northup's Odyssey is directed by Gordon Parks, who also composed the film score with Kermit Moore.[2] The television film is based on the autobiography Twelve Years a Slave by Solomon Northup. Lou Potter and Samm-Art Williams wrote the teleplay for the film. The film was produced by The Fremantle Corporation and Past America Inc.[3] The National Endowment for the Humanities provided funding for a series of programs related to American history. Producer Shep Morgan received a planning grant from the NEH in 1976 and sought input from historians including Robert B. Toplin who suggested the topic of American slavery. When the miniseries Roots was aired in 1977, the team was forced to argue to some television executives that there was more to say about American slavery. The first film in the series was Denmark Vesey's Rebellion, about Denmark Vesey, who planned a slave rebellion. The film was aired on PBS in 1982, and Solomon Northup's Odyssey was the next to be produced. Toplin said, "While we hoped the Vesey show would throw light on questions about slave insurrections, we designed the Northup film to address questions about life in bondage."[4] Toplin said the film in particular corrected the tendency of Roots and similar media "to portray almost all slaveholders as insensitive exploiters". Toplin described the various portrayals, "[It] showed an African American working under three different masters. One was a kindly individual whose good intentions were undermined by the slave system. A second master was a vicious, poorly educated individual who was jealous of Northup's intelligence and skills. The third respected Northup but drove him hard nevertheless in order to maximize profits on his plantation."[5]
Gordon Parks was approached to direct the film, and though he was disillusioned by his experience with the release of his 1976 feature film Leadbelly, he anticipated a different experience in television.[6] After not having directed a film in years, he returned to adapt the autobiography. The script mostly followed Northup's autobiography, though Parks had to change some parts. Parks said, "Solomon was very tolerant in a terrible situation, and very fair in his reporting. I tried to remain fair in my reporting and not go overboard, although it's very difficult not to when you know so much happened that was so bad to so many people. But there were things I had to change." Five historical advisers assisted with the film, though Parks said he felt pressured "to keep it toned down".[7]
Parks chose to film in areas of the Deep South where Northup labored in slavery.[6] The director sought to have a crew of mixed races, he said "perhaps to show the Southerners how Blacks and Whites could work together". In his memoir, Parks recalled the mix: Japanese American cinematographer Hiro Narita, a black producer and assistant director, a mostly white crew, and a black costume lady who was assisted by a woman from Hong Kong.[6] He filmed Solomon Northup's Odyssey in three weeks' time in Savannah, Georgia.[8] Parks said of the final product, "I can't say I don't like the film; I think it's a powerful film, but it could have been stronger. But you meet that sort of crisis on every film; there are some sort of compromises you always have to make."[7]
Release[edit]
Solomon Northup's Odyssey first aired on PBS on December 10, 1984. It aired again as part of the PBS anthology television series American Playhouse on February 13, 1985.[7] The film was released on video in 1985 as Half Slave, Half Free.[9] Ebony said the film had the second-largest "Black viewership of any PBS show", following Denmark Vesey's Rebellion. The magazine said Solomon Northup's Odyssey at the time of airing "has been praised by critics who are calling for a theater release as well".[10] John Corry of The New York Times said of the film, "It gives us an earnest and intelligent depiction, although its real subject—the moral effect of slavery—stays just out of reach. It is almost as if the drama's good taste is keeping it at bay." Corry said the direction obeying the "fidelity of history" made the setting and the society less harsh: "It is not meant this way, but an intolerable institution is made to look almost benign." He commended the performances of Brooks, Green, Saxon, and Seneca and concluded, "'Solomon Northrup's Odyssey' [sic] is informative, but whatever else it is, it is not dull."[1]
Film critic Gene Siskel, writing for the Chicago Tribune, said Solomon Northup's Odyssey was "beautifully filmed" with Parks's past experience as a photographer. Siskel also commended Brooks for portraying Northup "with nobility and humanity".[11] Jeff Jarvis, reviewing for People, said the film was made "with remarkable restraint". Jarvis said, "It is teary stuff. But because Parks and Brooks do not go overboard, they manage to make their picture of slavery seem real. Their show... is extraordinarily effective and moving."[12] Author Alan J. Singer wrote that "Solomon Northup's Odyssey... is a much more accurate picture of plantation life and work" than the miniseries Roots (1977), which he said had a soap opera quality and that "enslaved Africans are rarely shown working".[13] For the film, Past America, Inc. received the Erik Barnouw Award from the Organization of American Historians.[14]
In 2013, when Steve McQueen's adaptation 12 Years a Slave was released, Colorlines noted the obscurity of Solomon Northup's Odyssey, "With limited funding, and predating social media, the film came and went with little fanfare."[15] The blog Vulture under the magazine New York compared the film to 12 Years a Slave, "As a made-for-TV movie from the mid-eighties, [Solomon Northup's Odyssey] had a very modest budget and could never come close to the brutality of McQueen's film. Yet Parks's film is beautiful in its own right, lacking the ferocious immediacy of McQueen's work, but containing a somber lyricism that's hard to shake. The outrage is still there, just more muted and given more historical context."[16]
By 2013, when 12 Years a Slave was released, Vulture said of the 1984 film, "Out-of-print videos of it sell for a lot of money nowadays," and that the film was available for streaming online.[16]
IndieCollect, a film preservation organization, uncovered an original negative of Solomon Northup's Odyssey from DuArt Film and Video's vault. The company Colorlab created a new print from the negative, and the U.S. National Archives and Records Administration hosted a one-time screening of the new print on May 20, 2014 before IndieCollect donated the print to the Library of Congress for safekeeping.[17]
See also[edit]
List of films featuring slavery
William Prince Ford
References[edit]
1.^ Jump up to: a b Corry, John (February 13, 1985). "TV Review; 'Solomon Northrup's Odyssey,' Story of a Slave". The New York Times.
2.Jump up ^ Fox, Margalit (November 11, 2013). "Kermit Moore, Cellist, Conductor and Composer, Is Dead at 84". The New York Times.
3.Jump up ^ Klotman, Phyllis Rauch; Gibson, Gloria J. Frame by Frame II: A Filmography of the African American Image, 1978-1994. Indiana University Press. p. 210. ISBN 978-0-253-21120-0.
4.Jump up ^ Toplin, Robert B. (Fall 1985). "Making a Slavery Docudrama". OAG Magazine of History (Organization of American Historians) 1 (2): 17–19. ISSN 0882-228X.
5.Jump up ^ Toplin, Robert B. (2006). "Slavery". In Rollins, Peter C. The Columbia Companion to American History on Film: How the Movies Have Portrayed the American Past. Columbia University Press. p. 555. ISBN 978-0-231-11223-9.
6.^ Jump up to: a b c Parks, Gordon (2007). A Hungry Heart: A Memoir. Washington Square Press. pp. 333–334. ISBN 978-0-7432-6903-2.
7.^ Jump up to: a b c Bennetts, Leslie (February 11, 1985). "TV film by Parks looks at slavery". The New York Times.
8.Jump up ^ Staff (September 17, 1984). "Parks' Film Tells Of Free Man Sold Into Slavery". Jet.
9.Jump up ^ Mustard, David B. (2003). "Films". Racial Justice in America: A Reference Handbook. ABC-CLIO. p. 239. ISBN 978-1-57607-214-1.
10.Jump up ^ Staff (March 1985). "The Making of a Black Legacy in Film". Ebony: 54, 56.
11.Jump up ^ Siskel, Gene (July 26, 1984). "'Odyssey' travels to heart of slavery". Chicago Tribune.
12.Jump up ^ Jarvis, Jeff (December 10, 1984). "Picks and Pans Review: American Playhouse: Solomon Northup's Odyssey". People 22 (24).
13.Jump up ^ Singer, Alan J. (2008). "Books, Movies, and Web Sites". New York and Slavery: Time to Teach the Truth. State University of New York Press. pp. 124–125. ISBN 978-0-7914-7510-2.
14.Jump up ^ Maltin, Leonard (October 17, 2013). "12 Years A Slave—The Second Time Around". Movie Crazy (Indiewire Network). Retrieved November 21, 2013.
15.Jump up ^ Gabriel, Dexter (October 25, 2013). "'12 Years a Slave' In Cinematic Context". Colorlines (Race Forward). Retrieved March 11, 2014.
16.^ Jump up to: a b Ebiri, Bilge (November 11, 2013). "A Tale Twice Told: Comparing 12 Years a Slave to 1984's TV Movie Solomon Northup's Odyssey". Vulture (New York). Retrieved November 12, 2013.
17.Jump up ^ Staff (May 6, 2014). "National Archives Hosts Screening and Program on Solomon Northup’s Odyssey May 20". archives.gov. National Archives and Records Administration. Retrieved December 17, 2014.
External links[edit]
Solomon Northup's Odyssey at the Internet Movie Database
From American Playhouse to 12 Years a Slave at National Endowment for the Humanities
Did You Know About the Original Film Version of Twelve Years a Slave? at Colorlab
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http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solomon_Northup%27s_Odyssey
Twelve Years a Slave
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to: navigation, search
This article is about the 1853 memoir. For other uses, see Twelve Years a Slave (disambiguation).
Twelve Years a Slave
Solomon Northup 001.jpg
Illustration from Twelve Years a Slave (1855)
Author
Solomon Northup
Country
United States
Language
English
Genre
Autobiography
Publisher
Derby & Miller, Auburn, New York[2]
Publication date
1853[1]
Media type
Print (Hardcover)
ISBN
978-1-84391-471-6
Twelve Years a Slave (1853) is a memoir and slave narrative by Solomon Northup as told to and edited by David Wilson. Northup, a black man who was born free in New York, details his kidnapping in Washington, D.C., and subsequent sale into slavery. After having been kept in bondage for 12 years in Louisiana by various masters, Northup was able to write to friends and family in New York, who were in turn able to secure his release. Northup's account provides extensive details on the slave markets in Washington, D.C., and New Orleans and describes at length cotton and sugar cultivation on major plantations in Louisiana.
The work was published eight years before the Civil War by Derby & Miller of Auburn, New York,[2] soon after Harriet Beecher Stowe's best-selling novel about slavery, Uncle Tom's Cabin (1852), to which it lent factual support. Northup's book, dedicated to Stowe, sold 30,000 copies, making it a bestseller in its own right.[3]
After being published in several editions in the 19th century and later cited by specialist scholarly works on slavery in the United States, the memoir itself fell into public obscurity for nearly 100 years, until it was re-discovered on separate occasions by two Louisiana historians, Sue Eakin (Louisiana State University at Alexandria) and Joseph Logsdon (University of New Orleans).[4] In the early 1960s, they researched and retraced Solomon Northup’s journey[5] and co-edited a historically annotated version that was published by Louisiana State University Press (1968).[6]
The memoir has been adapted and produced as the PBS television movie Solomon Northup's Odyssey (1984) and the Oscar-winning film 12 Years a Slave (2013).[7]
Contents [hide]
1 Synopsis
2 Reception and historical value 2.1 Reissue
3 Editions and adaptations
4 References
5 External links
Synopsis[edit]
In his home town of Saratoga, New York, Solomon Northup, a free negro who was a skilled carpenter and violinist, was approached by two circus promoters. They offered him a brief, high-paying job as a musician with their traveling circus. Without informing his wife, who was away at work in a nearby town, he traveled with the strangers to downstate New York and Washington, D.C. Soon after arriving in the capital, he awoke to find himself drugged, bound, and in the cell of a slave pen. When Northup asserted his rights as a free man, he was beaten and warned never again to mention his free life in New York.
Transported by ship to New Orleans, Northup and other enslaved blacks contracted smallpox and one died. In transit, Northup implored a sympathetic sailor to send a letter to his family. The letter arrived safely, but, lacking knowledge of his final destination, Northup's family was unable to effect his rescue.
Northup's first owner was William Prince Ford, who ran a lumber mill on a bayou of the Red River.[8] Northup subsequently had several other owners, less humane than Ford, during his twelve-year bondage. At times, his carpentry and other skills contributed to his being treated relatively well; but he also suffered extreme cruelty. On two occasions, he was attacked by a white man he was leased to, John Tibeats, and defended himself, for which he suffered severe reprisals. After about two years of enslavement, he was sold to Edwin Epps, a notoriously cruel cotton planter. Epps held Northup enslaved for 10 years, during which time he assigned the New Yorker to various roles from cotton picker, to hauler to driver, which required Northup to oversee the work of fellow slaves and punish them for undesirable behavior. While on Epps' plantation, Northup became friends with a slave girl named Patsey, who Northup writes about briefly in the book.
After being beaten for claiming his free status in the slave pen in Washington, D.C., Northup in the ensuing 12 years did not reveal his true history again to a single person, slave or owner. Finally he confided his story to Samuel Bass, a white carpenter and abolitionist from Canada. Bass, at great risk to himself, sent letters to Northup’s wife and friends in Saratoga. A white shopkeeper, Parker, sought the assistance of Henry B. Northup, a white attorney and politician whose family had held and freed Solomon Northup's father and with whom Solomon had a longtime friendship. Henry contacted New York state officials. As the state had passed a law in 1840 to provide financial resources for the rescue of citizens kidnapped into slavery, the Governor appointed Henry Northup as an agent to travel to Louisiana and work with law enforcement to free Solomon. Once in Louisiana, Henry Northup hired local Avoyelles Parish attorney, John P. Waddill, to assist in securing Solomon Northup's freedom.[9] After a variety of bureaucratic measures and searches were undertaken, the attorney succeeded in locating Solomon and freeing him from the plantation. Northup later filed charges against the men who sold him into slavery but was unsuccessful. He returned to New York and reunited with his family there.
Northup concludes his narrative with the following statement:
My narrative is at an end. I have no comments to make upon the subject of Slavery. Those who read this book may form their own opinions of the "peculiar institution." What it may be in other States, I do not profess to know; what it is in the region of Red River, is truly and faithfully delineated in these pages. This is no fiction, no exaggeration. If I have failed in anything, it has been in presenting to the reader too prominently the bright side of the picture. I doubt not hundreds have been as unfortunate as myself; that hundreds of free citizens have been kidnapped and sold into slavery, and are at this moment wearing out their lives on plantations in Texas and Louisiana. But I forbear. Chastened and subdued in spirit by the sufferings I have borne, and thankful to that good Being through whose mercy I have been restored to happiness and liberty, I hope henceforward to lead an upright though lowly life, and rest at last in the church yard where my father sleeps.
—Solomon Northup[10]
Reception and historical value[edit]
Similarities between Northup's book and Harriet Beecher Stowe's novel Uncle Tom's Cabin have been noted by critics.[11] Stowe's book was published a year before Northup's memoir. Northup's facts supported Stowe's fictional narrative in detail, as the area where Northup was enslaved was close to the fictional setting of Simon Legree's plantation on the Red River, where much of Stowe's narrative takes place. Stowe herself wrote,
“ It is a singular coincidence that this man was carried to a plantation in the Red River country, that same region where the scene of Tom's captivity was laid; and his account of this plantation, his mode of life there, and some incidents which he describes, form a striking parallel to that history.[12] ”
Northup's book is also similar in the structure of the arguments against slavery. For instance, Uncle Tom's Cabin focuses on how the legal system prevents even kind owners from treating slaves well and how it releases cruel owners from liabilities for their treatment of slaves.[13]
Such themes appear in Northup's narrative, too. The similarities raise important questions of just how much the narrative was shaped by Uncle Tom's Cabin and other antislavery literature.[14] Stowe later used newspaper reports of Northup's story as part of her non-fiction A Key to Uncle Tom's Cabin.[11] Northup's first-person account of his twelve years of bondage proved a dramatic story in the national political debate over slavery that took place in the years leading up to the Civil War. It drew endorsements from major Northern newspapers, anti-slavery organizations, and evangelical groups.
Northup's account describes the daily life of slaves at Bayou Boeuf in Louisiana, their diet and living conditions, the relationship between master and slave, and the means that slave catchers used to recapture runaways. Northup's slave narrative has details similar to those of some other authors, such as Frederick Douglass, Harriet Ann Jacobs, and William Wells Brown. However, he was unique in documenting being kidnapped as a free man and sold into slavery. His perspective was always to compare what he saw to what he knew before as a free man. While there were hundreds of such kidnappings, he was among the few who were freed from such slavery.[3]
Early and mid-twentieth century historians of slavery, Kenneth Stampp, Stanley Elkins, and Ulrich Bonnell Phillips, endorsed the historical accuracy of the book. Eakin and Logsdon in 1968, wrote: "In the last analysis, [the] narrative deserves to be believed, not simply because [Northup] seems to be talking reasonably, not merely because he adorns his tale with compelling and persuasive details. At every point where materials exist for checking his account, it can be verified." These materials include trial records, correspondence, diary, and slave sale records.[15]
While Twelve Years a Slave is the best-known example of someone who was kidnapped and later freed – albeit through extraordinary efforts – historians have begun to research and present other cases. Most of the known court cases with respect to the freeing of kidnapping victims were filed in New Orleans, although some were in border states such as Missouri, and at least one was known to have been in Alabama.[16]
Reissue[edit]
After additional printings in the 19th century, the book went out of print until 1968,[6] when historians Joseph Logsdon and Sue Eakin restored it to prominence. Eakin discovered the story as a child growing up in Louisiana plantation country—the owner of a first edition showed her the book, after finding it in a former plantation home.
Years later, Logsdon had a student from an old Louisiana family who brought a copy of the original 1853 book to class; her family had owned it for more than a century. Together Logsdon and Eakin studied Northup’s account, documenting it through the slave sales records of Washington, D.C. and New Orleans by retracing his journey and bondage in Bayou Boeuf plantation country in central Louisiana and through its records, and documenting his New York State origins. They found his father’s freeman’s decree, and the case files for the legal work that restored Northup’s freedom and prosecuted his abductors. In 1968, Eakin and Logsdon’s thoroughly annotated edition of the original book was published by Louisiana State University Press, shedding new light on Northup’s story and establishing its historic significance. That book has been widely used by scholars and in classrooms for more than 40 years, and is still in print.
In 1998, Logsdon was invited by scholars in upstate New York to participate in a search for Solomon's grave. However, bad weather prevented the search that year, and Logsdon died the following June 1999. In 2007, shortly before her death at age 90, Eakin completed an updated and expanded version of their book; it includes more than 150 pages of new background material, maps, and photographs. In 2013, e-book and audiobook versions of her final definitive edition were released in her honor. With permission, scholars may use Eakin’s lifetime archives through The Sue Eakin Collection, Louisiana State University at Alexandria, Louisiana. The Joseph Logsdon Archives are available at the University of New Orleans.
Historian Jesse Holland noted in a 2009 interview that he had relied on Northup's memoir and detailed description of Washington in 1841 to identify the location of some slave markets in the city. Holland has also researched the roles of ethnic African slaves who, as skilled laborers, helped build some of the important public buildings in Washington, including the Capitol and part of the original Executive Mansion.[17]
Editions and adaptations[edit]
His Master's Voice.jpg
Scene at the New Orleans slave pen.
Excerpt from Ch. 6, via LibriVox
00:6:36 (text)
Problems playing this file? See media help.
TextTwelve Years a Slave is in the public domain; e-book versions can be downloaded from several sites and many reprints are still in print by multiple publishers.
In 1968, historians Sue Eakin and Joseph Logsdon, both based in Louisiana, published an edited and annotated version of Northup's narrative.[18] Updated and illustrated editions of this work have since been published, including an adaptation for younger readers.
In 2012, David Fiske self-published the biography Solomon Northup: His Life Before and After Slavery. The book's Appendix C provides the publishing history for Twelve Years a Slave during the 19th century. The book was expanded and re-issued by Praeger in August 2013 as Solomon Northup: The Complete Story of the Author of Twelve Years a Slave, ISBN 978-1440829741, with co-authors Fiske, Clifford W. Brown, and Rachel Seligman.
FilmSolomon Northup's Odyssey (1984), a PBS television film directed by Gordon Parks and starring Avery Brooks
12 Years a Slave (2013), a feature film directed by Steve McQueen and starring Chiwetel Ejiofor
AudiobookTwelve Years a Slave, narrated by Rob Board (LibriVox, 2013), available online for free
Twelve Years a Slave, narrated by Louis Gossett, Jr. (Eakin Films & Publishing, 2013)
Twelve Years a Slave, narrated by Richard Allen (Dreamscape Media, 2013)
Twelve Years a Slave, narrated by Hugh Quarshie (AudioGO, 2013)
Twelve Years a Slave, narrated by Sean Crisden (Tantor Audio, 2012)
References[edit]
1.Jump up ^ The Times-Picayune, 6 February 1853, Page 6
2.^ Jump up to: a b J.C. Derby (1884), "William H. Seward", Fifty Years Among Authors, Books and Publishers, New York: G.W. Carleton & Co., pp. 62–63
3.^ Jump up to: a b Northup, Solomon. Twelve Years a Slave: Summary, online text at Documenting the American South, University of North Carolina, accessed 19 July 2012
4.Jump up ^ "'12 Years a Slave' prompts effort to recognize work of UNO historian in reviving tale". Nola.com. Retrieved 2013-09-27.
5.Jump up ^ "An Escape From Slavery, Now a Movie, Has Long Intrigued Historians". The New York Times. Retrieved 2013-09-26.
6.^ Jump up to: a b "Twelve Years A Slave by Solomon Northup". Lsupress.org. Retrieved 2013-09-26.
7.Jump up ^ Cieply, Michael; Barnesmarch, Brooks (March 2, 2014). "‘12 Years a Slave’ Claims Best Picture Oscar". The New York Times.
8.Jump up ^ Ford subsequently became a leader of the Restoration Movement in Louisiana as he and his Baptist congregation were influenced by the writings of Alexander Campbell.
9.Jump up ^ Meredith Melancon, “Avoyelles Parish Courthouse, Marksville,” Acadiana Historical, accessed February 28, 2014, Acadianahistorical.org
10.Jump up ^ Northup, Solomon. Twelve Years a Slave (First ed.). p. 321.
11.^ Jump up to: a b 12 Years a Slave as a Key to Uncle Tom's Cabin Thefacultylounge.org
12.Jump up ^ Stowe, H. B. A Key to Uncle Tom's Cabin, Inkling Books, 2005 (reprint), p.245.
13.Jump up ^ "Over and above ... There Broods a Portentous Shadow,—The Shadow of Law: Harriet Beecher Stowe's Critique of Slave Law in Uncle Tom's Cabin". Journal of Law and Religion 12 (2): 457–506. 1995–1996. doi:10.2307/1051590.
14.Jump up ^ Eric Herschtal, The Passion of Solomon Northup The New York Times
15.Jump up ^ Northup, Solomon; edited by, Sue Eakin and Joseph Logsdon (1968). Twelve Years a Slave. Baton Rouge: Louisiana State University Press. pp. x and xvi. ISBN 0807101508.
16.Jump up ^ Cornelius Sinclair's Odyssey: Freedom, Slavery, and Freedom Again in the Old South.
17.Jump up ^ "Jesse Holland on How Slaves Built the White House and the US Capitol". Democracynow.org. Retrieved 2012-04-09.
18.Jump up ^ Sharkey, Richard P. "Noted Louisiana historian Sue Eakin of Bunkie dead at 90". Alexandria Daily Town Talk. Retrieved September 21, 2009.[dead link]
External links[edit]
Wikisource has original text related to this article:
Twelve Years a Slave
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Twelve Years a Slave.
Online textTwelve Years a Slave, Internet Archive, Project Gutenberg and Google Books (scanned original editions with some color illustrated)
Solomon Northup, Twelve Years a Slave, online text at Documenting the American South, University of North Carolina
Audio recording of Twelve Years a Slave, Librivox.org
Letters by John R. Smith, "Wilbur H. Siebert Collection", Houghton Library, Harvard University. Available as online images, detailing Northup's involvement in the Underground Railroad after January 1863.
Twelve Years a Slave, electronic version formatted for desktop, mobile, and tablet reading
Twelve Years a Slave website, with audio excerpts by Lou Gossett, Jr.; history, art and images
OtherKneller, Michael. "Solomon Northup: From Freedom to Slavery to Freedom Again", Slavery in America
"Snatched Up and Sold Into Slavery: The Story of Solomon Northup", US Trek, Odyssey (complements history curriculum for junior high and high school students)
"New York: Solomon Northup Day – A Celebration of Freedom (Local Legacies: Celebrating Community Roots)". Library of Congress. Retrieved 2012-04-09.
"Solomon Northup", eBlack Studies
EDSITEment lesson Twelve Years a Slave: Analyzing Slave Narratives
EDSITEment lesson Twelve Years a Slave: Was the Case of Solomon Northup Exceptional?
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http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Twelve_Years_a_Slave
Twelve Years a Slave
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to: navigation, search
This article is about the 1853 memoir. For other uses, see Twelve Years a Slave (disambiguation).
Twelve Years a Slave
Solomon Northup 001.jpg
Illustration from Twelve Years a Slave (1855)
Author
Solomon Northup
Country
United States
Language
English
Genre
Autobiography
Publisher
Derby & Miller, Auburn, New York[2]
Publication date
1853[1]
Media type
Print (Hardcover)
ISBN
978-1-84391-471-6
Twelve Years a Slave (1853) is a memoir and slave narrative by Solomon Northup as told to and edited by David Wilson. Northup, a black man who was born free in New York, details his kidnapping in Washington, D.C., and subsequent sale into slavery. After having been kept in bondage for 12 years in Louisiana by various masters, Northup was able to write to friends and family in New York, who were in turn able to secure his release. Northup's account provides extensive details on the slave markets in Washington, D.C., and New Orleans and describes at length cotton and sugar cultivation on major plantations in Louisiana.
The work was published eight years before the Civil War by Derby & Miller of Auburn, New York,[2] soon after Harriet Beecher Stowe's best-selling novel about slavery, Uncle Tom's Cabin (1852), to which it lent factual support. Northup's book, dedicated to Stowe, sold 30,000 copies, making it a bestseller in its own right.[3]
After being published in several editions in the 19th century and later cited by specialist scholarly works on slavery in the United States, the memoir itself fell into public obscurity for nearly 100 years, until it was re-discovered on separate occasions by two Louisiana historians, Sue Eakin (Louisiana State University at Alexandria) and Joseph Logsdon (University of New Orleans).[4] In the early 1960s, they researched and retraced Solomon Northup’s journey[5] and co-edited a historically annotated version that was published by Louisiana State University Press (1968).[6]
The memoir has been adapted and produced as the PBS television movie Solomon Northup's Odyssey (1984) and the Oscar-winning film 12 Years a Slave (2013).[7]
Contents [hide]
1 Synopsis
2 Reception and historical value 2.1 Reissue
3 Editions and adaptations
4 References
5 External links
Synopsis[edit]
In his home town of Saratoga, New York, Solomon Northup, a free negro who was a skilled carpenter and violinist, was approached by two circus promoters. They offered him a brief, high-paying job as a musician with their traveling circus. Without informing his wife, who was away at work in a nearby town, he traveled with the strangers to downstate New York and Washington, D.C. Soon after arriving in the capital, he awoke to find himself drugged, bound, and in the cell of a slave pen. When Northup asserted his rights as a free man, he was beaten and warned never again to mention his free life in New York.
Transported by ship to New Orleans, Northup and other enslaved blacks contracted smallpox and one died. In transit, Northup implored a sympathetic sailor to send a letter to his family. The letter arrived safely, but, lacking knowledge of his final destination, Northup's family was unable to effect his rescue.
Northup's first owner was William Prince Ford, who ran a lumber mill on a bayou of the Red River.[8] Northup subsequently had several other owners, less humane than Ford, during his twelve-year bondage. At times, his carpentry and other skills contributed to his being treated relatively well; but he also suffered extreme cruelty. On two occasions, he was attacked by a white man he was leased to, John Tibeats, and defended himself, for which he suffered severe reprisals. After about two years of enslavement, he was sold to Edwin Epps, a notoriously cruel cotton planter. Epps held Northup enslaved for 10 years, during which time he assigned the New Yorker to various roles from cotton picker, to hauler to driver, which required Northup to oversee the work of fellow slaves and punish them for undesirable behavior. While on Epps' plantation, Northup became friends with a slave girl named Patsey, who Northup writes about briefly in the book.
After being beaten for claiming his free status in the slave pen in Washington, D.C., Northup in the ensuing 12 years did not reveal his true history again to a single person, slave or owner. Finally he confided his story to Samuel Bass, a white carpenter and abolitionist from Canada. Bass, at great risk to himself, sent letters to Northup’s wife and friends in Saratoga. A white shopkeeper, Parker, sought the assistance of Henry B. Northup, a white attorney and politician whose family had held and freed Solomon Northup's father and with whom Solomon had a longtime friendship. Henry contacted New York state officials. As the state had passed a law in 1840 to provide financial resources for the rescue of citizens kidnapped into slavery, the Governor appointed Henry Northup as an agent to travel to Louisiana and work with law enforcement to free Solomon. Once in Louisiana, Henry Northup hired local Avoyelles Parish attorney, John P. Waddill, to assist in securing Solomon Northup's freedom.[9] After a variety of bureaucratic measures and searches were undertaken, the attorney succeeded in locating Solomon and freeing him from the plantation. Northup later filed charges against the men who sold him into slavery but was unsuccessful. He returned to New York and reunited with his family there.
Northup concludes his narrative with the following statement:
My narrative is at an end. I have no comments to make upon the subject of Slavery. Those who read this book may form their own opinions of the "peculiar institution." What it may be in other States, I do not profess to know; what it is in the region of Red River, is truly and faithfully delineated in these pages. This is no fiction, no exaggeration. If I have failed in anything, it has been in presenting to the reader too prominently the bright side of the picture. I doubt not hundreds have been as unfortunate as myself; that hundreds of free citizens have been kidnapped and sold into slavery, and are at this moment wearing out their lives on plantations in Texas and Louisiana. But I forbear. Chastened and subdued in spirit by the sufferings I have borne, and thankful to that good Being through whose mercy I have been restored to happiness and liberty, I hope henceforward to lead an upright though lowly life, and rest at last in the church yard where my father sleeps.
—Solomon Northup[10]
Reception and historical value[edit]
Similarities between Northup's book and Harriet Beecher Stowe's novel Uncle Tom's Cabin have been noted by critics.[11] Stowe's book was published a year before Northup's memoir. Northup's facts supported Stowe's fictional narrative in detail, as the area where Northup was enslaved was close to the fictional setting of Simon Legree's plantation on the Red River, where much of Stowe's narrative takes place. Stowe herself wrote,
“ It is a singular coincidence that this man was carried to a plantation in the Red River country, that same region where the scene of Tom's captivity was laid; and his account of this plantation, his mode of life there, and some incidents which he describes, form a striking parallel to that history.[12] ”
Northup's book is also similar in the structure of the arguments against slavery. For instance, Uncle Tom's Cabin focuses on how the legal system prevents even kind owners from treating slaves well and how it releases cruel owners from liabilities for their treatment of slaves.[13]
Such themes appear in Northup's narrative, too. The similarities raise important questions of just how much the narrative was shaped by Uncle Tom's Cabin and other antislavery literature.[14] Stowe later used newspaper reports of Northup's story as part of her non-fiction A Key to Uncle Tom's Cabin.[11] Northup's first-person account of his twelve years of bondage proved a dramatic story in the national political debate over slavery that took place in the years leading up to the Civil War. It drew endorsements from major Northern newspapers, anti-slavery organizations, and evangelical groups.
Northup's account describes the daily life of slaves at Bayou Boeuf in Louisiana, their diet and living conditions, the relationship between master and slave, and the means that slave catchers used to recapture runaways. Northup's slave narrative has details similar to those of some other authors, such as Frederick Douglass, Harriet Ann Jacobs, and William Wells Brown. However, he was unique in documenting being kidnapped as a free man and sold into slavery. His perspective was always to compare what he saw to what he knew before as a free man. While there were hundreds of such kidnappings, he was among the few who were freed from such slavery.[3]
Early and mid-twentieth century historians of slavery, Kenneth Stampp, Stanley Elkins, and Ulrich Bonnell Phillips, endorsed the historical accuracy of the book. Eakin and Logsdon in 1968, wrote: "In the last analysis, [the] narrative deserves to be believed, not simply because [Northup] seems to be talking reasonably, not merely because he adorns his tale with compelling and persuasive details. At every point where materials exist for checking his account, it can be verified." These materials include trial records, correspondence, diary, and slave sale records.[15]
While Twelve Years a Slave is the best-known example of someone who was kidnapped and later freed – albeit through extraordinary efforts – historians have begun to research and present other cases. Most of the known court cases with respect to the freeing of kidnapping victims were filed in New Orleans, although some were in border states such as Missouri, and at least one was known to have been in Alabama.[16]
Reissue[edit]
After additional printings in the 19th century, the book went out of print until 1968,[6] when historians Joseph Logsdon and Sue Eakin restored it to prominence. Eakin discovered the story as a child growing up in Louisiana plantation country—the owner of a first edition showed her the book, after finding it in a former plantation home.
Years later, Logsdon had a student from an old Louisiana family who brought a copy of the original 1853 book to class; her family had owned it for more than a century. Together Logsdon and Eakin studied Northup’s account, documenting it through the slave sales records of Washington, D.C. and New Orleans by retracing his journey and bondage in Bayou Boeuf plantation country in central Louisiana and through its records, and documenting his New York State origins. They found his father’s freeman’s decree, and the case files for the legal work that restored Northup’s freedom and prosecuted his abductors. In 1968, Eakin and Logsdon’s thoroughly annotated edition of the original book was published by Louisiana State University Press, shedding new light on Northup’s story and establishing its historic significance. That book has been widely used by scholars and in classrooms for more than 40 years, and is still in print.
In 1998, Logsdon was invited by scholars in upstate New York to participate in a search for Solomon's grave. However, bad weather prevented the search that year, and Logsdon died the following June 1999. In 2007, shortly before her death at age 90, Eakin completed an updated and expanded version of their book; it includes more than 150 pages of new background material, maps, and photographs. In 2013, e-book and audiobook versions of her final definitive edition were released in her honor. With permission, scholars may use Eakin’s lifetime archives through The Sue Eakin Collection, Louisiana State University at Alexandria, Louisiana. The Joseph Logsdon Archives are available at the University of New Orleans.
Historian Jesse Holland noted in a 2009 interview that he had relied on Northup's memoir and detailed description of Washington in 1841 to identify the location of some slave markets in the city. Holland has also researched the roles of ethnic African slaves who, as skilled laborers, helped build some of the important public buildings in Washington, including the Capitol and part of the original Executive Mansion.[17]
Editions and adaptations[edit]
His Master's Voice.jpg
Scene at the New Orleans slave pen.
Excerpt from Ch. 6, via LibriVox
00:6:36 (text)
Problems playing this file? See media help.
TextTwelve Years a Slave is in the public domain; e-book versions can be downloaded from several sites and many reprints are still in print by multiple publishers.
In 1968, historians Sue Eakin and Joseph Logsdon, both based in Louisiana, published an edited and annotated version of Northup's narrative.[18] Updated and illustrated editions of this work have since been published, including an adaptation for younger readers.
In 2012, David Fiske self-published the biography Solomon Northup: His Life Before and After Slavery. The book's Appendix C provides the publishing history for Twelve Years a Slave during the 19th century. The book was expanded and re-issued by Praeger in August 2013 as Solomon Northup: The Complete Story of the Author of Twelve Years a Slave, ISBN 978-1440829741, with co-authors Fiske, Clifford W. Brown, and Rachel Seligman.
FilmSolomon Northup's Odyssey (1984), a PBS television film directed by Gordon Parks and starring Avery Brooks
12 Years a Slave (2013), a feature film directed by Steve McQueen and starring Chiwetel Ejiofor
AudiobookTwelve Years a Slave, narrated by Rob Board (LibriVox, 2013), available online for free
Twelve Years a Slave, narrated by Louis Gossett, Jr. (Eakin Films & Publishing, 2013)
Twelve Years a Slave, narrated by Richard Allen (Dreamscape Media, 2013)
Twelve Years a Slave, narrated by Hugh Quarshie (AudioGO, 2013)
Twelve Years a Slave, narrated by Sean Crisden (Tantor Audio, 2012)
References[edit]
1.Jump up ^ The Times-Picayune, 6 February 1853, Page 6
2.^ Jump up to: a b J.C. Derby (1884), "William H. Seward", Fifty Years Among Authors, Books and Publishers, New York: G.W. Carleton & Co., pp. 62–63
3.^ Jump up to: a b Northup, Solomon. Twelve Years a Slave: Summary, online text at Documenting the American South, University of North Carolina, accessed 19 July 2012
4.Jump up ^ "'12 Years a Slave' prompts effort to recognize work of UNO historian in reviving tale". Nola.com. Retrieved 2013-09-27.
5.Jump up ^ "An Escape From Slavery, Now a Movie, Has Long Intrigued Historians". The New York Times. Retrieved 2013-09-26.
6.^ Jump up to: a b "Twelve Years A Slave by Solomon Northup". Lsupress.org. Retrieved 2013-09-26.
7.Jump up ^ Cieply, Michael; Barnesmarch, Brooks (March 2, 2014). "‘12 Years a Slave’ Claims Best Picture Oscar". The New York Times.
8.Jump up ^ Ford subsequently became a leader of the Restoration Movement in Louisiana as he and his Baptist congregation were influenced by the writings of Alexander Campbell.
9.Jump up ^ Meredith Melancon, “Avoyelles Parish Courthouse, Marksville,” Acadiana Historical, accessed February 28, 2014, Acadianahistorical.org
10.Jump up ^ Northup, Solomon. Twelve Years a Slave (First ed.). p. 321.
11.^ Jump up to: a b 12 Years a Slave as a Key to Uncle Tom's Cabin Thefacultylounge.org
12.Jump up ^ Stowe, H. B. A Key to Uncle Tom's Cabin, Inkling Books, 2005 (reprint), p.245.
13.Jump up ^ "Over and above ... There Broods a Portentous Shadow,—The Shadow of Law: Harriet Beecher Stowe's Critique of Slave Law in Uncle Tom's Cabin". Journal of Law and Religion 12 (2): 457–506. 1995–1996. doi:10.2307/1051590.
14.Jump up ^ Eric Herschtal, The Passion of Solomon Northup The New York Times
15.Jump up ^ Northup, Solomon; edited by, Sue Eakin and Joseph Logsdon (1968). Twelve Years a Slave. Baton Rouge: Louisiana State University Press. pp. x and xvi. ISBN 0807101508.
16.Jump up ^ Cornelius Sinclair's Odyssey: Freedom, Slavery, and Freedom Again in the Old South.
17.Jump up ^ "Jesse Holland on How Slaves Built the White House and the US Capitol". Democracynow.org. Retrieved 2012-04-09.
18.Jump up ^ Sharkey, Richard P. "Noted Louisiana historian Sue Eakin of Bunkie dead at 90". Alexandria Daily Town Talk. Retrieved September 21, 2009.[dead link]
External links[edit]
Wikisource has original text related to this article:
Twelve Years a Slave
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Twelve Years a Slave.
Online textTwelve Years a Slave, Internet Archive, Project Gutenberg and Google Books (scanned original editions with some color illustrated)
Solomon Northup, Twelve Years a Slave, online text at Documenting the American South, University of North Carolina
Audio recording of Twelve Years a Slave, Librivox.org
Letters by John R. Smith, "Wilbur H. Siebert Collection", Houghton Library, Harvard University. Available as online images, detailing Northup's involvement in the Underground Railroad after January 1863.
Twelve Years a Slave, electronic version formatted for desktop, mobile, and tablet reading
Twelve Years a Slave website, with audio excerpts by Lou Gossett, Jr.; history, art and images
OtherKneller, Michael. "Solomon Northup: From Freedom to Slavery to Freedom Again", Slavery in America
"Snatched Up and Sold Into Slavery: The Story of Solomon Northup", US Trek, Odyssey (complements history curriculum for junior high and high school students)
"New York: Solomon Northup Day – A Celebration of Freedom (Local Legacies: Celebrating Community Roots)". Library of Congress. Retrieved 2012-04-09.
"Solomon Northup", eBlack Studies
EDSITEment lesson Twelve Years a Slave: Analyzing Slave Narratives
EDSITEment lesson Twelve Years a Slave: Was the Case of Solomon Northup Exceptional?
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http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Twelve_Years_a_Slave
12 Years a Slave (film)
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12 Years a Slave
12 Years a Slave film poster.jpg
Theatrical release poster
Directed by
Steve McQueen
Produced by
Brad Pitt
Dede Gardner
Jeremy Kleiner
Bill Pohlad
Steve McQueen
Arnon Milchan
Anthony Katagas
Screenplay by
John Ridley
Based on
Twelve Years a Slave
by Solomon Northup
Starring
Chiwetel Ejiofor
Michael Fassbender
Benedict Cumberbatch
Paul Dano
Paul Giamatti
Lupita Nyong'o
Sarah Paulson
Brad Pitt
Alfre Woodard
Music by
Hans Zimmer
Cinematography
Sean Bobbitt
Edited by
Joe Walker
Production
companies
Regency Enterprises
River Road Entertainment
Plan B
Film4
Distributed by
Fox Searchlight Pictures (United States) Entertainment One and Summit Entertainment (United Kingdom) Universal Pictures (Germany)
Release dates
August 30, 2013 (Telluride Film Festival)
November 8, 2013 (United States)
January 10, 2014 (United Kingdom)
Running time
134 minutes[1]
Country
United States
United Kingdom
Language
English
Budget
$22 million[2]
Box office
$187.7 million[3]
12 Years a Slave is a 2013 period drama film and an adaptation of the 1853 slave narrative memoir Twelve Years a Slave by Solomon Northup, a New York State-born free African-American man who was kidnapped in Washington, D.C., in 1841 and sold into slavery. Northup worked on plantations in the state of Louisiana for 12 years before his release. The first scholarly edition of Northup's memoir, co-edited in 1968 by Sue Eakin and Joseph Logsdon, carefully retraced and validated the account and concluded it to be accurate.[4] Other characters in the film were also real people, including Edwin and Mary Epps, and Patsey.
This is the third feature film directed by Steve McQueen. The screenplay was written by John Ridley. Chiwetel Ejiofor stars as Solomon Northup. Michael Fassbender, Benedict Cumberbatch, Paul Dano, Paul Giamatti, Lupita Nyong'o, Sarah Paulson, Brad Pitt, and Alfre Woodard are all featured in supporting roles. Principal photography took place in New Orleans, Louisiana, from June 27 to August 13, 2012. The locations used were four historic antebellum plantations: Felicity, Bocage, Destrehan, and Magnolia. Of the four, Magnolia is nearest to the actual plantation where Northup was held.
12 Years a Slave received widespread critical acclaim, and was named the best film of 2013 by several media outlets. It proved to be a box office success, earning over $187 million on a production budget of $20 million. The film won three Academy Awards: Best Picture, Best Supporting Actress for Nyong'o, and Best Adapted Screenplay for Ridley. The Best Picture win made McQueen the first black producer ever to have received the award and the first black director to have directed a Best Picture winner.[5][6] The film was awarded the Golden Globe Award for Best Motion Picture – Drama, and the British Academy of Film and Television Arts recognized it with the Best Film and the Best Actor award for Ejiofor.[7]
Contents [hide]
1 Plot
2 Cast
3 Production 3.1 Development
3.2 Filming
3.3 Design
3.4 Music
4 Historical accuracy
5 Release 5.1 Marketing
6 Reception 6.1 Box office
6.2 Critical response 6.2.1 Top ten lists
6.3 Accolades
7 See also
8 References
9 External links
Plot[edit]
In 1841, Solomon Northup is a free African-American man working as a violinist, who lives with his wife, Anne Hampton, and two children in Saratoga Springs, New York. Two men, Brown and Hamilton, offer him a two-week job as a musician if he will travel to Washington, D.C., with them. Once there, they drug Northup and deliver him to a slave pen owned by James Burch.
Northup is shipped to New Orleans along with others who have been captured. A slave trader named Freeman gives Northup the identity of "Platt", a runaway slave from Georgia and sells him to plantation owner William Ford. Northup impresses Ford when he engineers a waterway for transporting logs swiftly and cost-effectively across a swamp, and Ford presents him with a violin in gratitude into which he carves the names of his wife and children.
Ford's carpenter John Tibeats resents Northup and the tensions between them escalate. Tibeats attacks Northup, but Northup overpowers him and beats him. In retaliation, Tibeats and his friends attempt to lynch Northup, but they are prevented by Ford's overseer, Chapin, though Northup is left in the noose standing on tiptoe for many hours. Ford finally cuts Northup down, but chooses to sell him to planter Edwin Epps to protect him from Tibeats. Northup attempts to explain that he is actually a free man, but Ford states that he "cannot hear this" and responds "he has a debt to pay" on Northup's purchase price.
In contrast to the relatively benevolent Ford, Epps is a sadistic man who believes his right to abuse his slaves is biblically sanctioned. The slaves are beaten if they fail to pick at least 200 pounds (91 kg) of cotton every day. A young female slave named Patsey picks more than 500 pounds (230 kg) daily, and is praised lavishly by Epps. Epps is attracted to Patsey and repeatedly rapes her, causing Epps' wife to become jealous and frequently humiliate and degrade Patsey. Patsey's only comfort is visiting Mistress Shaw, a former slave whose owner fell in love with her and elevated her to Mistress. Patsey wishes to die and begs Northup to kill her but he refuses.
Some time later, an outbreak of cotton worm befalls Epps' plantation. Unable to work his fields, he leases his slaves to a neighboring plantation for the season. While there, Northup gains the favor of the plantation's owner, Judge Turner, who allows him to play the fiddle at a neighbor's wedding anniversary celebration, and to keep his earnings. When Northup returns to Epps, he attempts to use the money to pay a white field hand and former overseer, Armsby, to mail a letter to Northup's friends in New York state. Armsby agrees to deliver the letter, and accepts all Northup's saved money, but betrays him to Epps. Northup is narrowly able to convince Epps that Armsby is lying and avoids punishment. Northup tearfully burns the letter, his only hope of freedom.
Northup begins working on the construction of a gazebo with a Canadian laborer named Bass. Bass is unsettled by the brutal way that Epps treats his slaves and expresses his opposition to slavery, earning Epps' enmity. One day, Epps becomes enraged after discovering Patsey missing from the plantation. When she returns, she reveals she was gone to get a bar of soap from Mistress Shaw, as a result of being forbidden soap by Mary Epps. Epps does not believe her and orders her flogged. Encouraged by his wife, Epps forces Northup to flog Patsey to avoid doing it himself. Northup reluctantly obeys, but Epps eventually takes the whip away from Northup, savagely lashing Patsey.
Northup purposely destroys his violin, and while continuing to work on the gazebo, Northup confides his kidnapping to Bass. Once again, Northup asks for help in getting a letter to Saratoga Springs. Bass, risking his life, agrees to send it.
One day, Northup is called over by the local sheriff, who arrives in a carriage with another man. The sheriff asks Northup a series of questions to confirm his answers match the facts of his life in New York. Northup recognizes the sheriff's companion as C. Parker, a shopkeeper he knew in Saratoga. Parker has come to free him, and the two embrace, though an enraged Epps furiously protests the circumstances and tries to prevent him from leaving. Before Northup can board the coach to leave, Patsey cries out to him, and they embrace in a bittersweet farewell. Knowing that they are in potential danger, at the urging of Parker and the sheriff Northup finishes his tearful goodbye with Patsey and immediately leaves the plantation.
After being enslaved for 12 years, Northup is restored to freedom and returned to his family. As he walks into his home, he sees Anne, Alonzo, Margaret and her husband, who present him with his grandson and namesake, Solomon Northup Staunton. Concluding credits recount the inability of Northup and his legal counsel to prosecute Brown, Hamilton and Burch, as well as the publishing of Northup's 1853 slave narrative memoir Twelve Years a Slave and the mystery surrounding details of his death and burial.
Cast[edit]
Alfre Woodard at the premiere of 12 Years a Slave
Chiwetel Ejiofor as Solomon Northup
Michael Fassbender as Edwin Epps
Benedict Cumberbatch as William Ford
Lupita Nyong'o as Patsey
Paul Dano as John Tibeats
Paul Giamatti as Theophilus Freeman
Scoot McNairy as Brown
Adepero Oduye as Eliza
Sarah Paulson as Mary Epps
Brad Pitt as Samuel Bass
Garret Dillahunt as Armsby
Michael Kenneth Williams as Robert
Alfre Woodard as Harriet Shaw
Chris Chalk as Clemens
Taran Killam as Hamilton
Bill Camp as Radburn
Stars of Beasts of the Southern Wild, Quvenzhané Wallis and Dwight Henry, have small roles as Margaret Northup[8] and Uncle Abram,[9] respectively.
Production[edit]
Development[edit]
John Ridley at the 2013 San Diego Film Festival
After meeting screenwriter John Ridley at a Creative Artists Agency screening of Hunger in 2008, director Steve McQueen got in touch with Ridley about his interest in making a film about "the slave era in America" with "a character that was not obvious in terms of their trade in slavery."[10] Developing the idea back and forth, the two did not strike a chord until McQueen's partner, Bianca Stigter, found Solomon Northup's 1853 memoir Twelve Years a Slave. McQueen later told an interviewer:
I read this book, and I was totally stunned. At the same time I was pretty upset with myself that I didn't know this book. I live in Amsterdam where Anne Frank is a national hero, and for me this book read like Anne Frank's diary but written 97 years before – a firsthand account of slavery. I basically made it my passion to make this book into a film.[11]
After a lengthy development process, during which Brad Pitt's production company Plan B Entertainment backed the project, which eventually helped get some financing from various film studios, the film was officially announced in August 2011 with McQueen to direct and Chiwetel Ejiofor to star as Solomon Northup, a free negro who was kidnapped and sold into slavery in the Deep South.[12] McQueen compared Ejiofor's conduct "of class and dignity" to that of Sidney Poitier and Harry Belafonte.[13] In October 2011, Michael Fassbender (who starred in McQueen's previous films Hunger and Shame) joined the cast.[14] In early 2012, the rest of the roles were cast, and filming was scheduled to begin at the end of June 2012.[15][16]
To capture the language and dialects of the era and regions in which the film takes place, dialect coach Michael Buster was brought in to assist the cast in altering their speech. The language has a literary quality related to the style of writing of the day and the strong influence of the King James Bible.[17] Buster explained:
We don't know what slaves sounded like in the 1840s, so I just used rural samples from Mississippi and Louisiana [for actors Ejiofor and Fassbender]. Then for Benedict [Cumberbatch], I found some real upper-class New Orleanians from the '30s. And then I also worked with Lupita Nyong'o, who is Kenyan but she did her training at Yale. So she really shifted her speech so she could do American speech.[18]
After both won Oscars at the 86th Academy Awards, it was reported that McQueen and Ridley had been in an ongoing feud over screenplay credit. McQueen reportedly had asked Ridley for shared credit, which he declined. McQueen appealed to Fox Searchlight, which sided with Ridley. Neither thanked the other during their respective acceptance speeches at the event.[19] Since the event, Ridley has noted his regret for not mentioning McQueen[20][21] and denied the feud.[22][23] He spoke favorably of working with McQueen, and explained that his sole screenplay credit was due to the rules of the Writers Guild of America.[24] McQueen has not commented on the alleged feud.[19][21][22][23]
Filming[edit]
Director Steve McQueen at the premiere of 12 Years a Slave at the 2013 Toronto Film Festival
With a production budget of $20 million,[25] principal photography began in New Orleans, Louisiana, on June 27, 2012. After seven weeks,[26] filming concluded on August 13, 2012.[27] As a way to keep down production costs, a bulk of the filming took place around the greater New Orleans area – mostly south of the Red River country in the north of the state, where the historic Northup was enslaved.[28] Among locations used were four historic antebellum plantations: Felicity, Bocage, Destrehan, and Magnolia.[29] Magnolia, a plantation in Schriever, Louisiana, is just a few miles from one of the historic sites where Northup was held. "To know that we were right there in the place where these things occurred was so powerful and emotional," said actor Chiwetel Ejiofor. "That feeling of dancing with ghosts – it's palpable."[30] Filming also took place at the Columns Hotel and Madame John's Legacy in the French Quarter of New Orleans.[31]
Cinematographer Sean Bobbitt, the film's primary camera operator,[32] shot 12 Years a Slave on 35 mm film with a 2.35:1 widescreen aspect ratio using both an Arricam LT and ST. "Particularly for a period piece, film gives the audience a definite sense of period and quality," said Bobbitt. "And because of the story's epic nature, widescreen clearly made the most sense. Widescreen means a big film, an epic tale – in this case an epic tale of human endurance."[33]
The filmmakers avoided the desaturated visual style that is typical of a more gritty documentary aesthetic.[34] Deliberately drawing visual comparisons in the filming to the works of Spanish painter Francisco Goya, McQueen explained,
When you think about Goya, who painted the most horrendous pictures of violence and torture and so forth, and they're amazing, exquisite paintings, one of the reasons they're such wonderful paintings is because what he's saying is, 'Look – look at this.' So if you paint it badly or put it in the sort of wrong perspective, you draw more attention to what's wrong with the image rather than looking at the image.[35]
Design[edit]
To accurately depict the time period of the film, the filmmakers conducted extensive research that included studying artwork from the era.[36] With eight weeks to create the wardrobe, costume designer Patricia Norris collaborated with Western Costume to compile costumes that would illustrate the passage of time while also being historically accurate.[37] Using an earth tone color palette, Norris created nearly 1,000 costumes for the film. "She [Norris] took earth samples from all three of the plantations to match the clothes," McQueen said, "and she had the conversation with Sean [Bobbitt] to deal with the character temperature on each plantation, there was a lot of that minute detail."[38] The filmmakers also used some pieces of clothing discovered on set that were worn by slaves.[39]
Music[edit]
Main articles: 12 Years a Slave (score) and 12 Years a Slave (soundtrack)
The musical score to 12 Years a Slave was composed by Hans Zimmer, with original on-screen violin music written and arranged by Nicholas Britell and performed by Tim Fain.[40] The film also features a few pieces of western classical and American folk music such as Franz Schubert's "Trio in B-flat, D471" and John and Alan Lomax's arrangement of "Run, Nigger, Run".[41] A soundtrack album, Music from and Inspired by 12 Years a Slave, was released digitally on November 5 and received a physical format release on November 11, 2013 by Columbia Records.[42] In addition to Zimmer's score, the album features music inspired by the film by artists such as John Legend, Laura Mvula, Alicia Keys, Chris Cornell, and Alabama Shakes.[43] Legend's cover of "Roll, Jordan, Roll" debuted online three weeks prior to the soundtrack's release.[44]
Historical accuracy[edit]
African-American history and culture scholar Henry Louis Gates Jr. was a consultant on the film, and researcher David Fiske, co-author of Solomon Northup: The Complete Story of the Author of Twelve Years a Slave, provided some material used to market the film.[45] Nevertheless, news and magazine articles around the time of the film's release described a scholar alleging some license that Northup could have taken with his book, and liberties that McQueen definitely took with Northup's original, for dramatic, modernizing, or other reasons.
Scott Feinberg wrote in the The Hollywood Reporter about a September 22 New York Times article that "dredged up and highlighted a 1985 essay by another scholar, James Olney, that questioned the 'literal truth' of specific incidents in Northup's account and suggested that David Wilson, the white amanuensis to whom Northup had dictated his story, had taken the liberty of sprucing it up to make it even more effective at rallying public opinion against slavery."[46] According to Olney, when abolitionists invited an ex-slave to share his experience in slavery at an antislavery convention, and when they subsequently funded the appearance of that story in print, "they had certain clear expectations, well understood by themselves and well understood by the ex-slave, too."[45]
Noah Berlatsky wrote in the The Atlantic about a scene in McQueen's movie version, shortly after Northup is kidnapped, when he is on a ship bound south, when a sailor who has entered the hold is about to rape a slave woman when a male slave intervenes. "The sailor unhesitatingly stabs and kills him," he wrote, and "this seems unlikely on its face—slaves are valuable, and the sailor is not the owner. And, sure enough, the scene is not in the book."[47]
Forrest Wickman of Slate wrote of Northup's book giving a more favorable account of the author's onetime master, William Ford, than the McQueen film. In Northup's own words, "There never was a more kind, noble, candid, Christian man than William Ford," adding that Ford's circumstances "blinded [Ford] to the inherent wrong at the bottom of the system of Slavery." The movie, however, according to Wickham, "frequently undermines Ford."[48] McQueen undercuts Christianity itself as well, in an effort to update the ethical lessons from Northup's story for the 21st century, by holding the institutions of Christianity up to the light for their ability to justify slavery at the time.[49] Northup was a Christian of his time, writing of his former master being "blinded" by "circumstances"[48] that in retrospect meant a racist acceptance of slavery despite being a Christian, a position untenable to some Christians now[50] and to Christian abolitionists of the 19th century but not contradictory to Northup himself. Valerie Elverton Dixon in The Washington Post characterized the Christianity depicted in the movie as "broken".[49]
Emily West, an associate professor of history at the University of Reading who specializes in the history of slavery in the U.S., said she had "never seen a film represent slavery so accurately".[51] Reviewing the film for History Extra, the website of BBC History Magazine, she said: "The film starkly and powerfully unveiled the sights and sounds of enslavement – from slaves picking cotton as they sang in the fields, to the crack of the lash down people’s backs. We also heard a lot about the ideology behind enslavement. Masters such as William Ford and Edwin Epps, although very different characters, both used an interpretation of Christianity to justify their ownership of slaves. They believed the Bible sanctioned slavery, and that it was their ‘Christian duty’ to preach the scriptures to their slaves."[51]
Release[edit]
Michael Fassbender and Lupita Nyong'o at the 2013 New York Film Festival
12 Years a Slave premiered at the Telluride Film Festival on August 30, 2013,[52] before screening at the 2013 Toronto International Film Festival on September 6,[53] the New York Film Festival on October 8,[54] The New Orleans Film Festival on October 10, 2013,[55] and Philadelphia Film Festival on October 19, 2013.[56]
On November 15, 2011, Summit Entertainment announced it had secured a deal to distribute 12 Years a Slave to international markets.[57] In April 2012, a few weeks before principal photography, New Regency Productions agreed to co-finance the film.[58] Because of a distribution pact between 20th Century Fox and New Regency, Fox Searchlight Pictures acquired the film's United States distribution rights.[59] However, instead of paying for the distribution rights, Fox Searchlight made a deal in which it would share box-office proceeds with the financiers of the independently financed film.[60] 12 Years a Slave was commercially released on October 18, 2013 in the United States for a limited release of 19 theaters, with a wide release in subsequent weeks.[61] The film was initially scheduled to be released in late December 2013, but "some exuberant test screenings" led to the decision to move up the release date.[62] The film was distributed by Entertainment One in the United Kingdom.
Marketing[edit]
Due to both the film's explicit nature and award contender status, 12 Years a Slave's financial success was being watched closely. Many analysts have compared the film's content to other drama films of a similar vein such as Schindler's List (1993) and The Passion of the Christ (2004), which became box office successes despite their respective subject matters.[30][60] "It may be a tough subject matter, but when handled well ... films that are tough to sit through can still be commercially successful," said Phil Contrino of Boxoffice Magazine.[63] Despite its content, the film's critical success has assisted its domestic distribution by Fox Searchlight that began with a limited released aimed primarily towards art house and African-American patrons.[64] The film's release was gradually widened in subsequent weeks, similarly to how the studio had successfully done in years prior with films such as Black Swan and The Descendants.[65] International release dates for 12 Years a Slave were largely delayed to early 2014 in order to take advantage of the attention created by awards seasons.[66]
During its marketing campaign, 12 Years a Slave received unpaid endorsements by celebrities such as Kanye West and Sean Combs.[67] In a video posted by Revolt, Combs urged viewers to see 12 Years a Slave by stating: "This movie is very painful but very honest, and is a part of the healing process. I beg all of you to take your kids, everybody to see it. ... You have to see this so you can understand, so you can just start to understand."[68] Michael Moore and Chris Rock responded to the movie by calling it the best film of 2013.[69][70][71]
Reception[edit]
Box office[edit]
As of May 20, 2014, 12 Years a Slave had earned $187.7 million including $56.7 million in the United States.[3] During its opening limited release in the United States, 12 Years a Slave debuted with a weekend total of $923,715 on 19 screens for a $48,617 per-screen average.[72] The following weekend, the film entered the top ten after expanding to 123 theatres and grossing an additional $2.1 million.[73] It continued to improve into its third weekend, grossing $4.6 million at 410 locations. The film release was expanded to over 1,100 locations on November 8, 2013.[3][74]
Critical response[edit]
Brad Pitt at the premiere of 12 Years a Slave
12 Years a Slave received near-universal acclaim by critics and audiences, for its acting (particularly Chiwetel Ejiofor, Michael Fassbender and Lupita Nyong'o), Steve McQueen's direction, John Ridley's screenplay, its production values, and its faithfulness to Solomon Northup's account.
Film review aggregator Rotten Tomatoes reports that 97% of critics gave the film a "Certified Fresh" rating, based on 258 reviews with an average score of 9/10, with the site's consensus stating, "It's far from comfortable viewing, but 12 Years a Slave 's unflinchingly brutal look at American slavery is also brilliant—and quite possibly essential—cinema."[75] Metacritic, another review aggregator, assigned the film a weighted average score of 97 (out of 100) based on 48 reviews from mainstream critics, considered to be "universal acclaim". It is currently one of the site's highest-rated films as well as the best reviewed film of 2013.[76] CinemaScore reported that audiences gave the film an "A" grade.[77]
Richard Corliss of TIME heralded the film and its director, Steve McQueen, by stating: "Indeed, McQueen's film is closer in its storytelling particulars to such 1970s exploitation-exposés of slavery as Mandingo and Goodbye, Uncle Tom. Except that McQueen is not a schlockmeister sensationalist but a remorseless artist." Corliss draws parallels with Nazi Germany, saying, "McQueen shows that racism, aside from its barbarous inhumanity, is insanely inefficient. It can be argued that Nazi Germany lost the war both because it diverted so much manpower to the killing of Jews and because it did not exploit the brilliance of Jewish scientists in building smarter weapons. So the slave owners dilute the energy of their slaves by whipping them for sadistic sport and, as Epps does, waking them at night to dance for his wife's cruel pleasure."[78]
Gregory Ellwood of HitFix gave the film an "A-" rating, stating, "12 Years is a powerful drama driven by McQueen's bold direction and the finest performance of Chiwetel Ejiofor's career." He continued by praising the performances of Fassbender and Nyong'o, citing Nyong'o as "the film's breakthrough performance [that] may find Nyong'o making her way to the Dolby Theater next March." He also admired the film's "gorgeous" cinematography and the musical score, as "one of Hans Zimmer's more moving scores in some time."[79]
Paul MacInnes of The Guardian scored the film five out of five stars, writing, "Stark, visceral and unrelenting, 12 Years a Slave is not just a great film but a necessary one."[80]
The reviewers of Spill.com gave it high acclaim as well, with two reviewers giving it a "Better Than Sex," their highest rating. However, the reviewers agreed that it was not a film they would watch again anytime soon. When comparing it to the miniseries version of Roots, reviewer Cyrus stated that "Roots is The Care Bears Movie in comparison to this."[81]
Benedict Cumberbatch signing autographs at the premiere of the film at TIFF, September 2013
Owen Gleiberman of Entertainment Weekly praised it as "a new movie landmark of cruelty and transcendence" and as "a movie about a life that gets taken away, and that's why it lets us touch what life is." He also commented very positively about Ejiofor's performance, while further stating, "12 Years a Slave lets us stare at the primal sin of America with open eyes, and at moments it is hard to watch, yet it's a movie of such humanity and grace that at every moment, you feel you're seeing something essential. It is Chiwetel Ejiofor's extraordinary performance that holds the movie together, and that allows us to watch it without blinking. He plays Solomon with a powerful inner strength, yet he never soft-pedals the silent nightmare that is Solomon's daily existence."[82]
Peter Travers of Rolling Stone, gave the film a four-star rating and said: "you won't be able to tuck this powder keg in the corner of your mind and forget it. What we have here is a blistering, brilliant, straight-up classic." He later named the film the best movie of 2013.[83]
Manohla Dargis wrote, in her review for The New York Times, "the genius of 12 Years a Slave is its insistence on banal evil, and on terror, that seeped into souls, bound bodies and reaped an enduring, terrible price."[84]
The Daily Telegraph's Tim Robey granted the film a maximum score of five stars, stating that "it's the nobility of this remarkable film that pierces the soul," while praising Ejiofor and Nyong'o's performances.[85]
Tina Hassannia of Slant Magazine said that "using his signature visual composition and deafening sound design, Steve McQueen portrays the harrowing realism of Northup's experience and the complicated relationships between master and slave, master and master, slave and slave, and so on."[86]
David Simon, the creator of the TV series The Wire, highly praised the movie, commenting that "it marks the first time in history that our entertainment industry, albeit with international creative input, has managed to stare directly at slavery and maintain that gaze".[87]
The film was not without its criticisms. Stephanie Zacharek of The Village Voice was more critical of the film. While praising Ejiofor's work, she stated: "It's a picture that stays more than a few safe steps away from anything so dangerous as raw feeling. Even when it depicts inhuman cruelty, as it often does, it never compromises its aesthetic purity."[88] Peter Malamud Smith of Slate criticized the story, saying, "12 Years a Slave is constructed as a story of a man trying to return to his family, offering every viewer a way into empathizing with its protagonist. Maybe we need a story framed on that individual scale in order to understand it. But it has a distorting effect all the same. We're more invested in one hero than in millions of victims; if we're forced to imagine ourselves enslaved, we want to imagine ourselves as Northup, a special person who miraculously escaped the system that attempted to crush him." Describing this as "the hero problem", Malamud Smith concluded his review explaining, "We can handle 12 Years a Slave. But don't expect 60 Years a Slave any time soon. And 200 Years, Millions of Slaves? Forget about it."[89] At The Guardian, black Canadian author Orville Lloyd Douglas said he would not be seeing 12 Years a Slave, explaining: "I'm convinced these black race films are created for a white, liberal film audience to engender white guilt and make them feel bad about themselves. Regardless of your race, these films are unlikely to teach you anything you don't already know."[90]
Top ten lists[edit]
12 Years a Slave has been named as one of the best films of 2013 by various ongoing critics, appearing on 100 critics' top-ten lists in which 25 had the film in their number-one spot, both the most of any film released in its year.[91]
1st – Peter Travers, Rolling Stone
1st – Owen Gleiberman, Entertainment Weekly
1st – Tom Brook, BBC
1st – Ann Hornaday, Washington Post
1st – Eric Kohn, Indiewire
1st – Manohla Dargis, New York Times
1st – Bill Goodykoontz, Arizona Republic
1st – Scott MacDonald, The A.V. Club
1st – TV Guide
1st – Yahoo! Movies
1st – Jake Coyle, Associated Press
1st – Lisa Kennedy, Denver Post
1st – Brian D. Johnson, Maclean's
1st – Mike Scott, Times-Picayune
1st – Randy Myers, San Jose Mercury News
1st – Katey Rich, Variety
1st – Keith Phipps, The Dissolve
1st – Rafer Guzmán, Newsday
1st – Bob Fischbach, Omaha World-Herald
1st – Steve Persall, Tampa Bay Times
1st – Bruce R. Miller, Sioux City Journal
1st – Wesley Morris, Grantland
1st – Genevieve Valentine, Philadelphia Weekly
1st – David Chen, Slashfilm
2nd – A. O. Scott, New York Times
2nd – Lou Lumenick, New York Post
2nd – Peter Debruge, Variety
2nd – Joe Neumaier, New York Daily News
2nd – Luke Wulfensmith, Freelance
2nd – Sasha Stone, Awards Daily
2nd – Glenn Sumi, NOW Magazine
2nd – Andrew O'Hehir, Salon
2nd – James Rocchi, Cinephiled
2nd – Stephen Schaefer, Boston Herald
2nd – Ty Burr, Boston Globe
2nd – Michael Phillips, Chicago Tribune
2nd – Christopher Orr, The Atlantic
2nd – Sam Adams, The A.V. Club
2nd – Barbara Vancheri, Pittsburgh Post-Gazette
2nd – David Ehrlich, Film.com
2nd – Film School Rejects
2nd – Connie Ogle, Miami Herald
2nd – Chris Vognar, Dallas Morning News
2nd – Joe Reid, The Wire
2nd - Andrew Saladino, NothingButFilm
3rd – Chris Nashawaty, Entertainment Weekly
Top 10 (listed alphabetically, not ranked) – David Denby, The New Yorker
Top 10 (listed alphabetically, not ranked) – Steven Rea, Philadelphia Inquirer
Top 10 (listed alphabetically, not ranked) – Stephen Whitty, The Star-Ledger
Top 10 (listed alphabetically, not ranked) – Joe Williams, St. Louis Post-Dispatch
Top 10 (listed alphabetically, not ranked) – Calvin Wilson, St. Louis Post-Dispatch
Top 10 (listed alphabetically, not ranked) – James Verniere, Boston Herald
Top 10 (listed alphabetically, not ranked) – Kenneth Turan, Los Angeles Times
Accolades[edit]
Main article: List of accolades received by 12 Years a Slave (film)
12 Years a Slave has received numerous awards and nominations. It earned three Academy Awards, including Best Picture.[92] It won the Golden Globe Award for Best Motion Picture – Drama.[93] The film also won the BAFTA Award for Best Film, while Ejiofor received the Best Actor award.[7]
See also[edit]
List of films featuring slavery
White savior narrative in film
Solomon Northup's Odyssey (1984), a PBS television film directed by Gordon Parks and starring Avery Brooks.
Frederick Douglass and the White Negro, a documentary film telling the story of Frederick Douglass and his relationship with Ireland.
References[edit]
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78.Jump up ^ Corliss, Richard (September 9, 2013). "'12 Years a Slave' and 'Mandela': Two Tales of Racism Survived". Time. Retrieved October 1, 2013.
79.Jump up ^ Ellwood, Gregory (August 31, 2013). "Review: Powerful 12 Years a Slave won't turn away from the brutality of slavery". HitFix. Retrieved October 1, 2013.
80.Jump up ^ MacInnes, Paul (September 7, 2013). "12 Years a Slave: Toronto film festival - first look review". The Guardian. Retrieved October 26, 2013.
81.Jump up ^ PodFeed (October 23, 2013). "'12 Years a Slave' - Audio Review". Spill.com (Podcast). Hollywood.com. Retrieved January 21, 2014.
82.Jump up ^ Gleiberman, Owen (September 7, 2013). "Toronto 2013: '12 Years a Slave' is a landmark of cruelty and transcendence". Entertainment Weekly. CNN. Retrieved October 2, 2013.
83.Jump up ^ Travers, Peter (October 17, 2013). "'12 Years a Slave' Review". Rolling Stone. Wenner Media LLC. Retrieved October 27, 2013.
84.Jump up ^ Dargis, Manohla (October 17, 2013). "The Blood and Tears, Not the Magnolias: '12 Years a Slave' Holds Nothing Back in Show of Suffering". The New York Times. Retrieved October 27, 2013.
85.Jump up ^ Robey, Tim (October 17, 2013). "12 Years A Slave, first review". The Daily Telegraph. Retrieved October 27, 2013.
86.Jump up ^ Hassannia, Tina (September 9, 2013). "Toronto International Film Festival 2013: 12 Years a Slave Review". Slant Magazine. Retrieved October 27, 2013.
87.Jump up ^ "Slavery, a film narrative and the empty myth of original intent". DavidSimon.com. October 29, 2013.
88.Jump up ^ Zacharek, Stephanie (October 16, 2013). "12 Years a Slave Prizes Radiance Over Life". The Village Voice. Voice Media Group. Retrieved October 28, 2013.
89.Jump up ^ Malamud Smith, Peter (October 20, 2013). "We Can Be Heroes: 12 Years a Slave, Schindler's List, and the hero problem in American movies.". Slate. Retrieved October 28, 2013.
90.Jump up ^ Lloyd Douglas, Orville (September 12, 2013). "Why I won't be watching The Butler and 12 Years a Slave". The Guardian. Retrieved December 14, 2013.
91.Jump up ^ Jason Dietz, "2013 Film Critic Top Ten Lists", Metacritic, December 8, 2013.
92.Jump up ^ "12 Years a Slave’ Claims Best Picture Oscar". March 2, 2014.
93.Jump up ^ "2014 Golden Globe Awards". The Hollywood Foreign Press Association. Retrieved January 21, 2014.
External links[edit]
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http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/12_Years_a_Slave_(film)
12 Years a Slave (film)
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12 Years a Slave
12 Years a Slave film poster.jpg
Theatrical release poster
Directed by
Steve McQueen
Produced by
Brad Pitt
Dede Gardner
Jeremy Kleiner
Bill Pohlad
Steve McQueen
Arnon Milchan
Anthony Katagas
Screenplay by
John Ridley
Based on
Twelve Years a Slave
by Solomon Northup
Starring
Chiwetel Ejiofor
Michael Fassbender
Benedict Cumberbatch
Paul Dano
Paul Giamatti
Lupita Nyong'o
Sarah Paulson
Brad Pitt
Alfre Woodard
Music by
Hans Zimmer
Cinematography
Sean Bobbitt
Edited by
Joe Walker
Production
companies
Regency Enterprises
River Road Entertainment
Plan B
Film4
Distributed by
Fox Searchlight Pictures (United States) Entertainment One and Summit Entertainment (United Kingdom) Universal Pictures (Germany)
Release dates
August 30, 2013 (Telluride Film Festival)
November 8, 2013 (United States)
January 10, 2014 (United Kingdom)
Running time
134 minutes[1]
Country
United States
United Kingdom
Language
English
Budget
$22 million[2]
Box office
$187.7 million[3]
12 Years a Slave is a 2013 period drama film and an adaptation of the 1853 slave narrative memoir Twelve Years a Slave by Solomon Northup, a New York State-born free African-American man who was kidnapped in Washington, D.C., in 1841 and sold into slavery. Northup worked on plantations in the state of Louisiana for 12 years before his release. The first scholarly edition of Northup's memoir, co-edited in 1968 by Sue Eakin and Joseph Logsdon, carefully retraced and validated the account and concluded it to be accurate.[4] Other characters in the film were also real people, including Edwin and Mary Epps, and Patsey.
This is the third feature film directed by Steve McQueen. The screenplay was written by John Ridley. Chiwetel Ejiofor stars as Solomon Northup. Michael Fassbender, Benedict Cumberbatch, Paul Dano, Paul Giamatti, Lupita Nyong'o, Sarah Paulson, Brad Pitt, and Alfre Woodard are all featured in supporting roles. Principal photography took place in New Orleans, Louisiana, from June 27 to August 13, 2012. The locations used were four historic antebellum plantations: Felicity, Bocage, Destrehan, and Magnolia. Of the four, Magnolia is nearest to the actual plantation where Northup was held.
12 Years a Slave received widespread critical acclaim, and was named the best film of 2013 by several media outlets. It proved to be a box office success, earning over $187 million on a production budget of $20 million. The film won three Academy Awards: Best Picture, Best Supporting Actress for Nyong'o, and Best Adapted Screenplay for Ridley. The Best Picture win made McQueen the first black producer ever to have received the award and the first black director to have directed a Best Picture winner.[5][6] The film was awarded the Golden Globe Award for Best Motion Picture – Drama, and the British Academy of Film and Television Arts recognized it with the Best Film and the Best Actor award for Ejiofor.[7]
Contents [hide]
1 Plot
2 Cast
3 Production 3.1 Development
3.2 Filming
3.3 Design
3.4 Music
4 Historical accuracy
5 Release 5.1 Marketing
6 Reception 6.1 Box office
6.2 Critical response 6.2.1 Top ten lists
6.3 Accolades
7 See also
8 References
9 External links
Plot[edit]
In 1841, Solomon Northup is a free African-American man working as a violinist, who lives with his wife, Anne Hampton, and two children in Saratoga Springs, New York. Two men, Brown and Hamilton, offer him a two-week job as a musician if he will travel to Washington, D.C., with them. Once there, they drug Northup and deliver him to a slave pen owned by James Burch.
Northup is shipped to New Orleans along with others who have been captured. A slave trader named Freeman gives Northup the identity of "Platt", a runaway slave from Georgia and sells him to plantation owner William Ford. Northup impresses Ford when he engineers a waterway for transporting logs swiftly and cost-effectively across a swamp, and Ford presents him with a violin in gratitude into which he carves the names of his wife and children.
Ford's carpenter John Tibeats resents Northup and the tensions between them escalate. Tibeats attacks Northup, but Northup overpowers him and beats him. In retaliation, Tibeats and his friends attempt to lynch Northup, but they are prevented by Ford's overseer, Chapin, though Northup is left in the noose standing on tiptoe for many hours. Ford finally cuts Northup down, but chooses to sell him to planter Edwin Epps to protect him from Tibeats. Northup attempts to explain that he is actually a free man, but Ford states that he "cannot hear this" and responds "he has a debt to pay" on Northup's purchase price.
In contrast to the relatively benevolent Ford, Epps is a sadistic man who believes his right to abuse his slaves is biblically sanctioned. The slaves are beaten if they fail to pick at least 200 pounds (91 kg) of cotton every day. A young female slave named Patsey picks more than 500 pounds (230 kg) daily, and is praised lavishly by Epps. Epps is attracted to Patsey and repeatedly rapes her, causing Epps' wife to become jealous and frequently humiliate and degrade Patsey. Patsey's only comfort is visiting Mistress Shaw, a former slave whose owner fell in love with her and elevated her to Mistress. Patsey wishes to die and begs Northup to kill her but he refuses.
Some time later, an outbreak of cotton worm befalls Epps' plantation. Unable to work his fields, he leases his slaves to a neighboring plantation for the season. While there, Northup gains the favor of the plantation's owner, Judge Turner, who allows him to play the fiddle at a neighbor's wedding anniversary celebration, and to keep his earnings. When Northup returns to Epps, he attempts to use the money to pay a white field hand and former overseer, Armsby, to mail a letter to Northup's friends in New York state. Armsby agrees to deliver the letter, and accepts all Northup's saved money, but betrays him to Epps. Northup is narrowly able to convince Epps that Armsby is lying and avoids punishment. Northup tearfully burns the letter, his only hope of freedom.
Northup begins working on the construction of a gazebo with a Canadian laborer named Bass. Bass is unsettled by the brutal way that Epps treats his slaves and expresses his opposition to slavery, earning Epps' enmity. One day, Epps becomes enraged after discovering Patsey missing from the plantation. When she returns, she reveals she was gone to get a bar of soap from Mistress Shaw, as a result of being forbidden soap by Mary Epps. Epps does not believe her and orders her flogged. Encouraged by his wife, Epps forces Northup to flog Patsey to avoid doing it himself. Northup reluctantly obeys, but Epps eventually takes the whip away from Northup, savagely lashing Patsey.
Northup purposely destroys his violin, and while continuing to work on the gazebo, Northup confides his kidnapping to Bass. Once again, Northup asks for help in getting a letter to Saratoga Springs. Bass, risking his life, agrees to send it.
One day, Northup is called over by the local sheriff, who arrives in a carriage with another man. The sheriff asks Northup a series of questions to confirm his answers match the facts of his life in New York. Northup recognizes the sheriff's companion as C. Parker, a shopkeeper he knew in Saratoga. Parker has come to free him, and the two embrace, though an enraged Epps furiously protests the circumstances and tries to prevent him from leaving. Before Northup can board the coach to leave, Patsey cries out to him, and they embrace in a bittersweet farewell. Knowing that they are in potential danger, at the urging of Parker and the sheriff Northup finishes his tearful goodbye with Patsey and immediately leaves the plantation.
After being enslaved for 12 years, Northup is restored to freedom and returned to his family. As he walks into his home, he sees Anne, Alonzo, Margaret and her husband, who present him with his grandson and namesake, Solomon Northup Staunton. Concluding credits recount the inability of Northup and his legal counsel to prosecute Brown, Hamilton and Burch, as well as the publishing of Northup's 1853 slave narrative memoir Twelve Years a Slave and the mystery surrounding details of his death and burial.
Cast[edit]
Alfre Woodard at the premiere of 12 Years a Slave
Chiwetel Ejiofor as Solomon Northup
Michael Fassbender as Edwin Epps
Benedict Cumberbatch as William Ford
Lupita Nyong'o as Patsey
Paul Dano as John Tibeats
Paul Giamatti as Theophilus Freeman
Scoot McNairy as Brown
Adepero Oduye as Eliza
Sarah Paulson as Mary Epps
Brad Pitt as Samuel Bass
Garret Dillahunt as Armsby
Michael Kenneth Williams as Robert
Alfre Woodard as Harriet Shaw
Chris Chalk as Clemens
Taran Killam as Hamilton
Bill Camp as Radburn
Stars of Beasts of the Southern Wild, Quvenzhané Wallis and Dwight Henry, have small roles as Margaret Northup[8] and Uncle Abram,[9] respectively.
Production[edit]
Development[edit]
John Ridley at the 2013 San Diego Film Festival
After meeting screenwriter John Ridley at a Creative Artists Agency screening of Hunger in 2008, director Steve McQueen got in touch with Ridley about his interest in making a film about "the slave era in America" with "a character that was not obvious in terms of their trade in slavery."[10] Developing the idea back and forth, the two did not strike a chord until McQueen's partner, Bianca Stigter, found Solomon Northup's 1853 memoir Twelve Years a Slave. McQueen later told an interviewer:
I read this book, and I was totally stunned. At the same time I was pretty upset with myself that I didn't know this book. I live in Amsterdam where Anne Frank is a national hero, and for me this book read like Anne Frank's diary but written 97 years before – a firsthand account of slavery. I basically made it my passion to make this book into a film.[11]
After a lengthy development process, during which Brad Pitt's production company Plan B Entertainment backed the project, which eventually helped get some financing from various film studios, the film was officially announced in August 2011 with McQueen to direct and Chiwetel Ejiofor to star as Solomon Northup, a free negro who was kidnapped and sold into slavery in the Deep South.[12] McQueen compared Ejiofor's conduct "of class and dignity" to that of Sidney Poitier and Harry Belafonte.[13] In October 2011, Michael Fassbender (who starred in McQueen's previous films Hunger and Shame) joined the cast.[14] In early 2012, the rest of the roles were cast, and filming was scheduled to begin at the end of June 2012.[15][16]
To capture the language and dialects of the era and regions in which the film takes place, dialect coach Michael Buster was brought in to assist the cast in altering their speech. The language has a literary quality related to the style of writing of the day and the strong influence of the King James Bible.[17] Buster explained:
We don't know what slaves sounded like in the 1840s, so I just used rural samples from Mississippi and Louisiana [for actors Ejiofor and Fassbender]. Then for Benedict [Cumberbatch], I found some real upper-class New Orleanians from the '30s. And then I also worked with Lupita Nyong'o, who is Kenyan but she did her training at Yale. So she really shifted her speech so she could do American speech.[18]
After both won Oscars at the 86th Academy Awards, it was reported that McQueen and Ridley had been in an ongoing feud over screenplay credit. McQueen reportedly had asked Ridley for shared credit, which he declined. McQueen appealed to Fox Searchlight, which sided with Ridley. Neither thanked the other during their respective acceptance speeches at the event.[19] Since the event, Ridley has noted his regret for not mentioning McQueen[20][21] and denied the feud.[22][23] He spoke favorably of working with McQueen, and explained that his sole screenplay credit was due to the rules of the Writers Guild of America.[24] McQueen has not commented on the alleged feud.[19][21][22][23]
Filming[edit]
Director Steve McQueen at the premiere of 12 Years a Slave at the 2013 Toronto Film Festival
With a production budget of $20 million,[25] principal photography began in New Orleans, Louisiana, on June 27, 2012. After seven weeks,[26] filming concluded on August 13, 2012.[27] As a way to keep down production costs, a bulk of the filming took place around the greater New Orleans area – mostly south of the Red River country in the north of the state, where the historic Northup was enslaved.[28] Among locations used were four historic antebellum plantations: Felicity, Bocage, Destrehan, and Magnolia.[29] Magnolia, a plantation in Schriever, Louisiana, is just a few miles from one of the historic sites where Northup was held. "To know that we were right there in the place where these things occurred was so powerful and emotional," said actor Chiwetel Ejiofor. "That feeling of dancing with ghosts – it's palpable."[30] Filming also took place at the Columns Hotel and Madame John's Legacy in the French Quarter of New Orleans.[31]
Cinematographer Sean Bobbitt, the film's primary camera operator,[32] shot 12 Years a Slave on 35 mm film with a 2.35:1 widescreen aspect ratio using both an Arricam LT and ST. "Particularly for a period piece, film gives the audience a definite sense of period and quality," said Bobbitt. "And because of the story's epic nature, widescreen clearly made the most sense. Widescreen means a big film, an epic tale – in this case an epic tale of human endurance."[33]
The filmmakers avoided the desaturated visual style that is typical of a more gritty documentary aesthetic.[34] Deliberately drawing visual comparisons in the filming to the works of Spanish painter Francisco Goya, McQueen explained,
When you think about Goya, who painted the most horrendous pictures of violence and torture and so forth, and they're amazing, exquisite paintings, one of the reasons they're such wonderful paintings is because what he's saying is, 'Look – look at this.' So if you paint it badly or put it in the sort of wrong perspective, you draw more attention to what's wrong with the image rather than looking at the image.[35]
Design[edit]
To accurately depict the time period of the film, the filmmakers conducted extensive research that included studying artwork from the era.[36] With eight weeks to create the wardrobe, costume designer Patricia Norris collaborated with Western Costume to compile costumes that would illustrate the passage of time while also being historically accurate.[37] Using an earth tone color palette, Norris created nearly 1,000 costumes for the film. "She [Norris] took earth samples from all three of the plantations to match the clothes," McQueen said, "and she had the conversation with Sean [Bobbitt] to deal with the character temperature on each plantation, there was a lot of that minute detail."[38] The filmmakers also used some pieces of clothing discovered on set that were worn by slaves.[39]
Music[edit]
Main articles: 12 Years a Slave (score) and 12 Years a Slave (soundtrack)
The musical score to 12 Years a Slave was composed by Hans Zimmer, with original on-screen violin music written and arranged by Nicholas Britell and performed by Tim Fain.[40] The film also features a few pieces of western classical and American folk music such as Franz Schubert's "Trio in B-flat, D471" and John and Alan Lomax's arrangement of "Run, Nigger, Run".[41] A soundtrack album, Music from and Inspired by 12 Years a Slave, was released digitally on November 5 and received a physical format release on November 11, 2013 by Columbia Records.[42] In addition to Zimmer's score, the album features music inspired by the film by artists such as John Legend, Laura Mvula, Alicia Keys, Chris Cornell, and Alabama Shakes.[43] Legend's cover of "Roll, Jordan, Roll" debuted online three weeks prior to the soundtrack's release.[44]
Historical accuracy[edit]
African-American history and culture scholar Henry Louis Gates Jr. was a consultant on the film, and researcher David Fiske, co-author of Solomon Northup: The Complete Story of the Author of Twelve Years a Slave, provided some material used to market the film.[45] Nevertheless, news and magazine articles around the time of the film's release described a scholar alleging some license that Northup could have taken with his book, and liberties that McQueen definitely took with Northup's original, for dramatic, modernizing, or other reasons.
Scott Feinberg wrote in the The Hollywood Reporter about a September 22 New York Times article that "dredged up and highlighted a 1985 essay by another scholar, James Olney, that questioned the 'literal truth' of specific incidents in Northup's account and suggested that David Wilson, the white amanuensis to whom Northup had dictated his story, had taken the liberty of sprucing it up to make it even more effective at rallying public opinion against slavery."[46] According to Olney, when abolitionists invited an ex-slave to share his experience in slavery at an antislavery convention, and when they subsequently funded the appearance of that story in print, "they had certain clear expectations, well understood by themselves and well understood by the ex-slave, too."[45]
Noah Berlatsky wrote in the The Atlantic about a scene in McQueen's movie version, shortly after Northup is kidnapped, when he is on a ship bound south, when a sailor who has entered the hold is about to rape a slave woman when a male slave intervenes. "The sailor unhesitatingly stabs and kills him," he wrote, and "this seems unlikely on its face—slaves are valuable, and the sailor is not the owner. And, sure enough, the scene is not in the book."[47]
Forrest Wickman of Slate wrote of Northup's book giving a more favorable account of the author's onetime master, William Ford, than the McQueen film. In Northup's own words, "There never was a more kind, noble, candid, Christian man than William Ford," adding that Ford's circumstances "blinded [Ford] to the inherent wrong at the bottom of the system of Slavery." The movie, however, according to Wickham, "frequently undermines Ford."[48] McQueen undercuts Christianity itself as well, in an effort to update the ethical lessons from Northup's story for the 21st century, by holding the institutions of Christianity up to the light for their ability to justify slavery at the time.[49] Northup was a Christian of his time, writing of his former master being "blinded" by "circumstances"[48] that in retrospect meant a racist acceptance of slavery despite being a Christian, a position untenable to some Christians now[50] and to Christian abolitionists of the 19th century but not contradictory to Northup himself. Valerie Elverton Dixon in The Washington Post characterized the Christianity depicted in the movie as "broken".[49]
Emily West, an associate professor of history at the University of Reading who specializes in the history of slavery in the U.S., said she had "never seen a film represent slavery so accurately".[51] Reviewing the film for History Extra, the website of BBC History Magazine, she said: "The film starkly and powerfully unveiled the sights and sounds of enslavement – from slaves picking cotton as they sang in the fields, to the crack of the lash down people’s backs. We also heard a lot about the ideology behind enslavement. Masters such as William Ford and Edwin Epps, although very different characters, both used an interpretation of Christianity to justify their ownership of slaves. They believed the Bible sanctioned slavery, and that it was their ‘Christian duty’ to preach the scriptures to their slaves."[51]
Release[edit]
Michael Fassbender and Lupita Nyong'o at the 2013 New York Film Festival
12 Years a Slave premiered at the Telluride Film Festival on August 30, 2013,[52] before screening at the 2013 Toronto International Film Festival on September 6,[53] the New York Film Festival on October 8,[54] The New Orleans Film Festival on October 10, 2013,[55] and Philadelphia Film Festival on October 19, 2013.[56]
On November 15, 2011, Summit Entertainment announced it had secured a deal to distribute 12 Years a Slave to international markets.[57] In April 2012, a few weeks before principal photography, New Regency Productions agreed to co-finance the film.[58] Because of a distribution pact between 20th Century Fox and New Regency, Fox Searchlight Pictures acquired the film's United States distribution rights.[59] However, instead of paying for the distribution rights, Fox Searchlight made a deal in which it would share box-office proceeds with the financiers of the independently financed film.[60] 12 Years a Slave was commercially released on October 18, 2013 in the United States for a limited release of 19 theaters, with a wide release in subsequent weeks.[61] The film was initially scheduled to be released in late December 2013, but "some exuberant test screenings" led to the decision to move up the release date.[62] The film was distributed by Entertainment One in the United Kingdom.
Marketing[edit]
Due to both the film's explicit nature and award contender status, 12 Years a Slave's financial success was being watched closely. Many analysts have compared the film's content to other drama films of a similar vein such as Schindler's List (1993) and The Passion of the Christ (2004), which became box office successes despite their respective subject matters.[30][60] "It may be a tough subject matter, but when handled well ... films that are tough to sit through can still be commercially successful," said Phil Contrino of Boxoffice Magazine.[63] Despite its content, the film's critical success has assisted its domestic distribution by Fox Searchlight that began with a limited released aimed primarily towards art house and African-American patrons.[64] The film's release was gradually widened in subsequent weeks, similarly to how the studio had successfully done in years prior with films such as Black Swan and The Descendants.[65] International release dates for 12 Years a Slave were largely delayed to early 2014 in order to take advantage of the attention created by awards seasons.[66]
During its marketing campaign, 12 Years a Slave received unpaid endorsements by celebrities such as Kanye West and Sean Combs.[67] In a video posted by Revolt, Combs urged viewers to see 12 Years a Slave by stating: "This movie is very painful but very honest, and is a part of the healing process. I beg all of you to take your kids, everybody to see it. ... You have to see this so you can understand, so you can just start to understand."[68] Michael Moore and Chris Rock responded to the movie by calling it the best film of 2013.[69][70][71]
Reception[edit]
Box office[edit]
As of May 20, 2014, 12 Years a Slave had earned $187.7 million including $56.7 million in the United States.[3] During its opening limited release in the United States, 12 Years a Slave debuted with a weekend total of $923,715 on 19 screens for a $48,617 per-screen average.[72] The following weekend, the film entered the top ten after expanding to 123 theatres and grossing an additional $2.1 million.[73] It continued to improve into its third weekend, grossing $4.6 million at 410 locations. The film release was expanded to over 1,100 locations on November 8, 2013.[3][74]
Critical response[edit]
Brad Pitt at the premiere of 12 Years a Slave
12 Years a Slave received near-universal acclaim by critics and audiences, for its acting (particularly Chiwetel Ejiofor, Michael Fassbender and Lupita Nyong'o), Steve McQueen's direction, John Ridley's screenplay, its production values, and its faithfulness to Solomon Northup's account.
Film review aggregator Rotten Tomatoes reports that 97% of critics gave the film a "Certified Fresh" rating, based on 258 reviews with an average score of 9/10, with the site's consensus stating, "It's far from comfortable viewing, but 12 Years a Slave 's unflinchingly brutal look at American slavery is also brilliant—and quite possibly essential—cinema."[75] Metacritic, another review aggregator, assigned the film a weighted average score of 97 (out of 100) based on 48 reviews from mainstream critics, considered to be "universal acclaim". It is currently one of the site's highest-rated films as well as the best reviewed film of 2013.[76] CinemaScore reported that audiences gave the film an "A" grade.[77]
Richard Corliss of TIME heralded the film and its director, Steve McQueen, by stating: "Indeed, McQueen's film is closer in its storytelling particulars to such 1970s exploitation-exposés of slavery as Mandingo and Goodbye, Uncle Tom. Except that McQueen is not a schlockmeister sensationalist but a remorseless artist." Corliss draws parallels with Nazi Germany, saying, "McQueen shows that racism, aside from its barbarous inhumanity, is insanely inefficient. It can be argued that Nazi Germany lost the war both because it diverted so much manpower to the killing of Jews and because it did not exploit the brilliance of Jewish scientists in building smarter weapons. So the slave owners dilute the energy of their slaves by whipping them for sadistic sport and, as Epps does, waking them at night to dance for his wife's cruel pleasure."[78]
Gregory Ellwood of HitFix gave the film an "A-" rating, stating, "12 Years is a powerful drama driven by McQueen's bold direction and the finest performance of Chiwetel Ejiofor's career." He continued by praising the performances of Fassbender and Nyong'o, citing Nyong'o as "the film's breakthrough performance [that] may find Nyong'o making her way to the Dolby Theater next March." He also admired the film's "gorgeous" cinematography and the musical score, as "one of Hans Zimmer's more moving scores in some time."[79]
Paul MacInnes of The Guardian scored the film five out of five stars, writing, "Stark, visceral and unrelenting, 12 Years a Slave is not just a great film but a necessary one."[80]
The reviewers of Spill.com gave it high acclaim as well, with two reviewers giving it a "Better Than Sex," their highest rating. However, the reviewers agreed that it was not a film they would watch again anytime soon. When comparing it to the miniseries version of Roots, reviewer Cyrus stated that "Roots is The Care Bears Movie in comparison to this."[81]
Benedict Cumberbatch signing autographs at the premiere of the film at TIFF, September 2013
Owen Gleiberman of Entertainment Weekly praised it as "a new movie landmark of cruelty and transcendence" and as "a movie about a life that gets taken away, and that's why it lets us touch what life is." He also commented very positively about Ejiofor's performance, while further stating, "12 Years a Slave lets us stare at the primal sin of America with open eyes, and at moments it is hard to watch, yet it's a movie of such humanity and grace that at every moment, you feel you're seeing something essential. It is Chiwetel Ejiofor's extraordinary performance that holds the movie together, and that allows us to watch it without blinking. He plays Solomon with a powerful inner strength, yet he never soft-pedals the silent nightmare that is Solomon's daily existence."[82]
Peter Travers of Rolling Stone, gave the film a four-star rating and said: "you won't be able to tuck this powder keg in the corner of your mind and forget it. What we have here is a blistering, brilliant, straight-up classic." He later named the film the best movie of 2013.[83]
Manohla Dargis wrote, in her review for The New York Times, "the genius of 12 Years a Slave is its insistence on banal evil, and on terror, that seeped into souls, bound bodies and reaped an enduring, terrible price."[84]
The Daily Telegraph's Tim Robey granted the film a maximum score of five stars, stating that "it's the nobility of this remarkable film that pierces the soul," while praising Ejiofor and Nyong'o's performances.[85]
Tina Hassannia of Slant Magazine said that "using his signature visual composition and deafening sound design, Steve McQueen portrays the harrowing realism of Northup's experience and the complicated relationships between master and slave, master and master, slave and slave, and so on."[86]
David Simon, the creator of the TV series The Wire, highly praised the movie, commenting that "it marks the first time in history that our entertainment industry, albeit with international creative input, has managed to stare directly at slavery and maintain that gaze".[87]
The film was not without its criticisms. Stephanie Zacharek of The Village Voice was more critical of the film. While praising Ejiofor's work, she stated: "It's a picture that stays more than a few safe steps away from anything so dangerous as raw feeling. Even when it depicts inhuman cruelty, as it often does, it never compromises its aesthetic purity."[88] Peter Malamud Smith of Slate criticized the story, saying, "12 Years a Slave is constructed as a story of a man trying to return to his family, offering every viewer a way into empathizing with its protagonist. Maybe we need a story framed on that individual scale in order to understand it. But it has a distorting effect all the same. We're more invested in one hero than in millions of victims; if we're forced to imagine ourselves enslaved, we want to imagine ourselves as Northup, a special person who miraculously escaped the system that attempted to crush him." Describing this as "the hero problem", Malamud Smith concluded his review explaining, "We can handle 12 Years a Slave. But don't expect 60 Years a Slave any time soon. And 200 Years, Millions of Slaves? Forget about it."[89] At The Guardian, black Canadian author Orville Lloyd Douglas said he would not be seeing 12 Years a Slave, explaining: "I'm convinced these black race films are created for a white, liberal film audience to engender white guilt and make them feel bad about themselves. Regardless of your race, these films are unlikely to teach you anything you don't already know."[90]
Top ten lists[edit]
12 Years a Slave has been named as one of the best films of 2013 by various ongoing critics, appearing on 100 critics' top-ten lists in which 25 had the film in their number-one spot, both the most of any film released in its year.[91]
1st – Peter Travers, Rolling Stone
1st – Owen Gleiberman, Entertainment Weekly
1st – Tom Brook, BBC
1st – Ann Hornaday, Washington Post
1st – Eric Kohn, Indiewire
1st – Manohla Dargis, New York Times
1st – Bill Goodykoontz, Arizona Republic
1st – Scott MacDonald, The A.V. Club
1st – TV Guide
1st – Yahoo! Movies
1st – Jake Coyle, Associated Press
1st – Lisa Kennedy, Denver Post
1st – Brian D. Johnson, Maclean's
1st – Mike Scott, Times-Picayune
1st – Randy Myers, San Jose Mercury News
1st – Katey Rich, Variety
1st – Keith Phipps, The Dissolve
1st – Rafer Guzmán, Newsday
1st – Bob Fischbach, Omaha World-Herald
1st – Steve Persall, Tampa Bay Times
1st – Bruce R. Miller, Sioux City Journal
1st – Wesley Morris, Grantland
1st – Genevieve Valentine, Philadelphia Weekly
1st – David Chen, Slashfilm
2nd – A. O. Scott, New York Times
2nd – Lou Lumenick, New York Post
2nd – Peter Debruge, Variety
2nd – Joe Neumaier, New York Daily News
2nd – Luke Wulfensmith, Freelance
2nd – Sasha Stone, Awards Daily
2nd – Glenn Sumi, NOW Magazine
2nd – Andrew O'Hehir, Salon
2nd – James Rocchi, Cinephiled
2nd – Stephen Schaefer, Boston Herald
2nd – Ty Burr, Boston Globe
2nd – Michael Phillips, Chicago Tribune
2nd – Christopher Orr, The Atlantic
2nd – Sam Adams, The A.V. Club
2nd – Barbara Vancheri, Pittsburgh Post-Gazette
2nd – David Ehrlich, Film.com
2nd – Film School Rejects
2nd – Connie Ogle, Miami Herald
2nd – Chris Vognar, Dallas Morning News
2nd – Joe Reid, The Wire
2nd - Andrew Saladino, NothingButFilm
3rd – Chris Nashawaty, Entertainment Weekly
Top 10 (listed alphabetically, not ranked) – David Denby, The New Yorker
Top 10 (listed alphabetically, not ranked) – Steven Rea, Philadelphia Inquirer
Top 10 (listed alphabetically, not ranked) – Stephen Whitty, The Star-Ledger
Top 10 (listed alphabetically, not ranked) – Joe Williams, St. Louis Post-Dispatch
Top 10 (listed alphabetically, not ranked) – Calvin Wilson, St. Louis Post-Dispatch
Top 10 (listed alphabetically, not ranked) – James Verniere, Boston Herald
Top 10 (listed alphabetically, not ranked) – Kenneth Turan, Los Angeles Times
Accolades[edit]
Main article: List of accolades received by 12 Years a Slave (film)
12 Years a Slave has received numerous awards and nominations. It earned three Academy Awards, including Best Picture.[92] It won the Golden Globe Award for Best Motion Picture – Drama.[93] The film also won the BAFTA Award for Best Film, while Ejiofor received the Best Actor award.[7]
See also[edit]
List of films featuring slavery
White savior narrative in film
Solomon Northup's Odyssey (1984), a PBS television film directed by Gordon Parks and starring Avery Brooks.
Frederick Douglass and the White Negro, a documentary film telling the story of Frederick Douglass and his relationship with Ireland.
References[edit]
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External links[edit]
Wikiquote has quotations related to: 12 Years a Slave (film)
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12 Years a Slave at History vs. Hollywood
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12 Years a Slave at Rotten Tomatoes
12 Years a Slave at Metacritic
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