JW Wikipedia pages

Gregg Alexander

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Jump to: navigation, search

This article is about the musician. For the rugby league player, see Greg Alexander.


 This biographical article needs additional citations for verification. Please help by adding reliable sources. Contentious material about living persons that is unsourced or poorly sourced must be removed immediately, especially if potentially libelous or harmful. (October 2013)

Gregg Alexander

Birth name
Gregory Aiuto[1]
Also known as
Alex Ander, Cessyl Orchestra
Born
May 4, 1970 (age 45)[2]
Origin
Grosse Pointe, Michigan, United States[2]
Genres
Alternative rock
Occupation(s)
Singer-songwriter, producer, musician
Instruments
Vocals, guitar, keyboards, drums, bass
Years active
1989–present
Labels
A&M, Epic, MCA, EMI, Warner-Chappell
Associated acts
New Radicals, Danielle Brisebois, Rick Nowels
Gregg Alexander (born Gregory Aiuto; May 4, 1970)[1][2] is an American singer/songwriter and producer, best known as the frontman of the New Radicals, who scored the international hit "You Get What You Give" in late 1998. Earlier in life he recorded two solo albums, Michigan Rain and Intoxifornication. He dissolved the New Radicals in 1999 to focus on production and songwriting work, winning a Grammy Award for the song "The Game of Love" in 2003.[2] More recently, he co-penned songs for the film Begin Again, including "Lost Stars", which was nominated for an Academy Award for Best Original Song.


Contents  [hide]
1 Biography 1.1 Early life and career
1.2 New Radicals
1.3 Post New Radicals
2 Alias
3 Miscellaneous
4 Discography 4.1 Albums
4.2 Singles
4.3 Others
5 See also
6 References
7 External links

Biography[edit]
Early life and career[edit]
Gregg Alexander was born in Grosse Pointe, Michigan, United States,[2] and raised in a conservative Jehovah's Witness household. He received his first guitar at the age of twelve and taught himself to play several instruments. Along with his sister, Caroline, they'd play the piano and Gregg would compose songs. At age fourteen Gregg joined the band The Circus, with classmates George Snow, John Mabarak, along with Gregg's older brother Stephen Aiuto. They played the 1984 highschool Battle of the Bands, competing against John Lowery (John 5). By the age of sixteen, he signed his first recording contract with A&M after playing his demo tapes to producer Rick Nowels. He released his debut album Michigan Rain in 1989 at the age of nineteen, to little notice. In 1992, he signed to Epic and released Intoxifornication, which consisted largely of re-released songs from Michigan Rain and was again ignored.
In the mid-1990s, Alexander busked in Tompkins Square Park and Central Park.
New Radicals[edit]
Main article: New Radicals
In 1997, Alexander formed the New Radicals, a revolving-door band with no permanent members other than Alexander and long-term collaborator Danielle Brisebois. They released the album Maybe You've Been Brainwashed Too in October 1998, which went on to sell over a million copies. The single "You Get What You Give" was released that fall and was an international hit.[2]
It was not long after the New Radicals' success that Alexander became tired of the constant media attention and exhaustive touring schedule. In July 1999, "Someday We'll Know" was announced as the band's second single. However, several days later Alexander announced he was disbanding the New Radicals to focus on production work.[2] He said that "the fatigue of traveling and getting three hours sleep in a different hotel every night to do boring 'hanging and schmoozing' with radio and retail people is definitely not for me." Despite disagreements with MCA, Alexander finally agreed to shoot a video for "Someday We'll Know"; but with the band now defunct, the song got little attention and the New Radicals became known as a one-hit wonder. The song, "You Get What You Give" has been featured in several movies including, Surf's Up, The Flintstones in Viva Rock Vegas, Scooby Doo 2-Monsters Unleashed, and Click. Along with that, Gregg had songs featured in the movie, "A Walk To Remember", "Bend It Like Beckham", and others.
Post New Radicals[edit]
Since disbanding the group in summer 1999, Alexander has written and produced songs for artists including Ronan Keating, Sophie Ellis-Bextor, Enrique Iglesias, Texas, Geri Halliwell, Melanie C, Mónica Naranjo, Rod Stewart and fellow ex-New Radical Danielle Brisebois.[2] Most noteworthy was the song "The Game of Love" by Santana and Michelle Branch, which earned Alexander a Grammy Award for Best Pop Collaboration with Vocals at the 45th Annual Grammy Awards.[2]
Allmusic's Stephen Thomas Erlewine described him as "the catchiest, smartest professional mainstream pop songwriter of the early 2000s."[3]
In 2004 a new Alexander track, "A Love Like That", was released uncredited on the Internet. It was suspected to be a New Radicals outtake, as parts of the lyrics were found in the booklet for Maybe You've Been Brainwashed Too.[citation needed]
A new song entitled "Why Can't We Make Things Work" written by Alexander (and Rick Nowels) was released by Any Dream Will Do winner Lee Mead in November 2007, on his self-titled album.
In 2010, Boyzone released the single "Love Is a Hurricane",[4] written by Gregg Alexander and Danielle Brisebois.
He co-wrote and co-produced the music for the musical romance-drama film Begin Again, along with long-time collaborators Danielle Brisebois and Rick Nowels, as well as Nick Lashley. Their song Lost Stars, written for the film, was nominated for Best Original Song at the 2015 Academy Awards.
On November 4, 2014 Alexander appeared and performed publicly for the first time in fifteen years at the Hollywood Music in Media Awards, singing "Lost Stars".[5]
Alias[edit]
##Gregg Alexander co-wrote and produced "The Game of Love" by Santana and Michelle Branch, as well as four songs on Enrique Iglesias' album 7, under the pseudonym Alex Ander.[6]
##Alexander uses the alias Cessyl Orchestra on the soundtrack for the film Begin Again.
Miscellaneous[edit]
Weezer frontman Rivers Cuomo released a cover of the Alexander's song "The World We Love So Much" on his 2007 release Alone: The Home Recordings of Rivers Cuomo.
Discography[edit]
For Gregg Alexander's releases with the New Radicals, see New Radicals' discography
Albums[edit]
##Michigan Rain (1989)
##Intoxifornication (1992)
Singles[edit]
##"In the Neighborhood" (1989)
##"Smokin' In Bed" (1992)
##"The Truth" (1992)
Others[edit]
##"Promise Tomorrow Tonight" (1994, duet with Danielle Brisebois on her album Arrive All Over You)
##"A Love Like That" (2003, digital download)
See also[edit]
##List of songs written by Gregg Alexander
References[edit]
1.^ Jump up to: a b "Gregg Alexander's Personal Information". Angelfire.com. May 4, 1970. Retrieved 2014-05-09.
2.^ Jump up to: a b c d e f g h i Andrew Leahey (May 4, 1970). "Gregg Alexander | Biography". AllMusic. Retrieved 2014-05-09.
3.Jump up ^ "Reason Review". Allmusic. Retrieved October 19, 2006.
4.Jump up ^ [1][dead link]
5.Jump up ^ Scott Feinberg (November 5, 2014). "Hollywood Music in Media Awards: Gregg Alexander Performs, Glen Campbell Feted". The Hollywood Reporter.
6.Jump up ^ John Bush (November 25, 2003). "7 – Enrique Iglesias | Songs, Reviews, Credits, Awards". AllMusic. Retrieved 2014-05-09.
External links[edit]
##Gregg Alexander at the Internet Movie Database


[hide]
v ·
 t ·
 e
 
New Radicals


Gregg Alexander ·
 Danielle Brisebois
 Paul Gordon ·
 Matt Laug ·
 Josh Freese ·
 Rusty Anderson ·
 Paul Bushnell ·
 John Pierce
 Rick Nowels ·
 Stuart Johnson ·
 Bradley Fernquist ·
 Jim McGorman ·
 Sasha Krystov
 

Studio album
Maybe You've Been Brainwashed Too
 

Singles
"You Get What You Give" ·
 "Someday We'll Know" ·
 "Mother We Just Can't Get Enough"
 

Related articles
New Radicals discography ·
 "A Love Like That"
 



Authority control
VIAF: 70574301 ·
 MusicBrainz: 9b80e411-7ef4-4654-8d04-8696345e8879
 




 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  


Categories: 1972 births
American buskers
American male singers
American record producers
Living people
People from Grosse Pointe, Michigan
Songwriters from Michigan
Former Jehovah's Witnesses












Navigation menu



Create account
Log in



Article

Talk









Read

Edit

View history

















Main page
Contents
Featured content
Current events
Random article
Donate to Wikipedia
Wikipedia store

Interaction
Help
About Wikipedia
Community portal
Recent changes
Contact page

Tools
What links here
Related changes
Upload file
Special pages
Permanent link
Page information
Wikidata item
Cite this page

Print/export
Create a book
Download as PDF
Printable version

Languages
Deutsch
Español
فارسی
Français
Italiano
Português
Edit links
This page was last modified on 3 May 2015, at 20:59.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License; additional terms may apply. By using this site, you agree to the Terms of Use and Privacy Policy. Wikipedia® is a registered trademark of the Wikimedia Foundation, Inc., a non-profit organization.
Privacy policy
About Wikipedia
Disclaimers
Contact Wikipedia
Developers
Mobile view
Wikimedia Foundation
Powered by MediaWiki
 

 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gregg_Alexander








Gregg Alexander

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Jump to: navigation, search

This article is about the musician. For the rugby league player, see Greg Alexander.


 This biographical article needs additional citations for verification. Please help by adding reliable sources. Contentious material about living persons that is unsourced or poorly sourced must be removed immediately, especially if potentially libelous or harmful. (October 2013)

Gregg Alexander

Birth name
Gregory Aiuto[1]
Also known as
Alex Ander, Cessyl Orchestra
Born
May 4, 1970 (age 45)[2]
Origin
Grosse Pointe, Michigan, United States[2]
Genres
Alternative rock
Occupation(s)
Singer-songwriter, producer, musician
Instruments
Vocals, guitar, keyboards, drums, bass
Years active
1989–present
Labels
A&M, Epic, MCA, EMI, Warner-Chappell
Associated acts
New Radicals, Danielle Brisebois, Rick Nowels
Gregg Alexander (born Gregory Aiuto; May 4, 1970)[1][2] is an American singer/songwriter and producer, best known as the frontman of the New Radicals, who scored the international hit "You Get What You Give" in late 1998. Earlier in life he recorded two solo albums, Michigan Rain and Intoxifornication. He dissolved the New Radicals in 1999 to focus on production and songwriting work, winning a Grammy Award for the song "The Game of Love" in 2003.[2] More recently, he co-penned songs for the film Begin Again, including "Lost Stars", which was nominated for an Academy Award for Best Original Song.


Contents  [hide]
1 Biography 1.1 Early life and career
1.2 New Radicals
1.3 Post New Radicals
2 Alias
3 Miscellaneous
4 Discography 4.1 Albums
4.2 Singles
4.3 Others
5 See also
6 References
7 External links

Biography[edit]
Early life and career[edit]
Gregg Alexander was born in Grosse Pointe, Michigan, United States,[2] and raised in a conservative Jehovah's Witness household. He received his first guitar at the age of twelve and taught himself to play several instruments. Along with his sister, Caroline, they'd play the piano and Gregg would compose songs. At age fourteen Gregg joined the band The Circus, with classmates George Snow, John Mabarak, along with Gregg's older brother Stephen Aiuto. They played the 1984 highschool Battle of the Bands, competing against John Lowery (John 5). By the age of sixteen, he signed his first recording contract with A&M after playing his demo tapes to producer Rick Nowels. He released his debut album Michigan Rain in 1989 at the age of nineteen, to little notice. In 1992, he signed to Epic and released Intoxifornication, which consisted largely of re-released songs from Michigan Rain and was again ignored.
In the mid-1990s, Alexander busked in Tompkins Square Park and Central Park.
New Radicals[edit]
Main article: New Radicals
In 1997, Alexander formed the New Radicals, a revolving-door band with no permanent members other than Alexander and long-term collaborator Danielle Brisebois. They released the album Maybe You've Been Brainwashed Too in October 1998, which went on to sell over a million copies. The single "You Get What You Give" was released that fall and was an international hit.[2]
It was not long after the New Radicals' success that Alexander became tired of the constant media attention and exhaustive touring schedule. In July 1999, "Someday We'll Know" was announced as the band's second single. However, several days later Alexander announced he was disbanding the New Radicals to focus on production work.[2] He said that "the fatigue of traveling and getting three hours sleep in a different hotel every night to do boring 'hanging and schmoozing' with radio and retail people is definitely not for me." Despite disagreements with MCA, Alexander finally agreed to shoot a video for "Someday We'll Know"; but with the band now defunct, the song got little attention and the New Radicals became known as a one-hit wonder. The song, "You Get What You Give" has been featured in several movies including, Surf's Up, The Flintstones in Viva Rock Vegas, Scooby Doo 2-Monsters Unleashed, and Click. Along with that, Gregg had songs featured in the movie, "A Walk To Remember", "Bend It Like Beckham", and others.
Post New Radicals[edit]
Since disbanding the group in summer 1999, Alexander has written and produced songs for artists including Ronan Keating, Sophie Ellis-Bextor, Enrique Iglesias, Texas, Geri Halliwell, Melanie C, Mónica Naranjo, Rod Stewart and fellow ex-New Radical Danielle Brisebois.[2] Most noteworthy was the song "The Game of Love" by Santana and Michelle Branch, which earned Alexander a Grammy Award for Best Pop Collaboration with Vocals at the 45th Annual Grammy Awards.[2]
Allmusic's Stephen Thomas Erlewine described him as "the catchiest, smartest professional mainstream pop songwriter of the early 2000s."[3]
In 2004 a new Alexander track, "A Love Like That", was released uncredited on the Internet. It was suspected to be a New Radicals outtake, as parts of the lyrics were found in the booklet for Maybe You've Been Brainwashed Too.[citation needed]
A new song entitled "Why Can't We Make Things Work" written by Alexander (and Rick Nowels) was released by Any Dream Will Do winner Lee Mead in November 2007, on his self-titled album.
In 2010, Boyzone released the single "Love Is a Hurricane",[4] written by Gregg Alexander and Danielle Brisebois.
He co-wrote and co-produced the music for the musical romance-drama film Begin Again, along with long-time collaborators Danielle Brisebois and Rick Nowels, as well as Nick Lashley. Their song Lost Stars, written for the film, was nominated for Best Original Song at the 2015 Academy Awards.
On November 4, 2014 Alexander appeared and performed publicly for the first time in fifteen years at the Hollywood Music in Media Awards, singing "Lost Stars".[5]
Alias[edit]
##Gregg Alexander co-wrote and produced "The Game of Love" by Santana and Michelle Branch, as well as four songs on Enrique Iglesias' album 7, under the pseudonym Alex Ander.[6]
##Alexander uses the alias Cessyl Orchestra on the soundtrack for the film Begin Again.
Miscellaneous[edit]
Weezer frontman Rivers Cuomo released a cover of the Alexander's song "The World We Love So Much" on his 2007 release Alone: The Home Recordings of Rivers Cuomo.
Discography[edit]
For Gregg Alexander's releases with the New Radicals, see New Radicals' discography
Albums[edit]
##Michigan Rain (1989)
##Intoxifornication (1992)
Singles[edit]
##"In the Neighborhood" (1989)
##"Smokin' In Bed" (1992)
##"The Truth" (1992)
Others[edit]
##"Promise Tomorrow Tonight" (1994, duet with Danielle Brisebois on her album Arrive All Over You)
##"A Love Like That" (2003, digital download)
See also[edit]
##List of songs written by Gregg Alexander
References[edit]
1.^ Jump up to: a b "Gregg Alexander's Personal Information". Angelfire.com. May 4, 1970. Retrieved 2014-05-09.
2.^ Jump up to: a b c d e f g h i Andrew Leahey (May 4, 1970). "Gregg Alexander | Biography". AllMusic. Retrieved 2014-05-09.
3.Jump up ^ "Reason Review". Allmusic. Retrieved October 19, 2006.
4.Jump up ^ [1][dead link]
5.Jump up ^ Scott Feinberg (November 5, 2014). "Hollywood Music in Media Awards: Gregg Alexander Performs, Glen Campbell Feted". The Hollywood Reporter.
6.Jump up ^ John Bush (November 25, 2003). "7 – Enrique Iglesias | Songs, Reviews, Credits, Awards". AllMusic. Retrieved 2014-05-09.
External links[edit]
##Gregg Alexander at the Internet Movie Database


[hide]
v ·
 t ·
 e
 
New Radicals


Gregg Alexander ·
 Danielle Brisebois
 Paul Gordon ·
 Matt Laug ·
 Josh Freese ·
 Rusty Anderson ·
 Paul Bushnell ·
 John Pierce
 Rick Nowels ·
 Stuart Johnson ·
 Bradley Fernquist ·
 Jim McGorman ·
 Sasha Krystov
 

Studio album
Maybe You've Been Brainwashed Too
 

Singles
"You Get What You Give" ·
 "Someday We'll Know" ·
 "Mother We Just Can't Get Enough"
 

Related articles
New Radicals discography ·
 "A Love Like That"
 



Authority control
VIAF: 70574301 ·
 MusicBrainz: 9b80e411-7ef4-4654-8d04-8696345e8879
 




 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  


Categories: 1972 births
American buskers
American male singers
American record producers
Living people
People from Grosse Pointe, Michigan
Songwriters from Michigan
Former Jehovah's Witnesses












Navigation menu



Create account
Log in



Article

Talk









Read

Edit

View history

















Main page
Contents
Featured content
Current events
Random article
Donate to Wikipedia
Wikipedia store

Interaction
Help
About Wikipedia
Community portal
Recent changes
Contact page

Tools
What links here
Related changes
Upload file
Special pages
Permanent link
Page information
Wikidata item
Cite this page

Print/export
Create a book
Download as PDF
Printable version

Languages
Deutsch
Español
فارسی
Français
Italiano
Português
Edit links
This page was last modified on 3 May 2015, at 20:59.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License; additional terms may apply. By using this site, you agree to the Terms of Use and Privacy Policy. Wikipedia® is a registered trademark of the Wikimedia Foundation, Inc., a non-profit organization.
Privacy policy
About Wikipedia
Disclaimers
Contact Wikipedia
Developers
Mobile view
Wikimedia Foundation
Powered by MediaWiki
 

 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gregg_Alexander









Peter Andre

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Jump to: navigation, search



 This article's tone or style may not reflect the encyclopedic tone used on Wikipedia. See Wikipedia's guide to writing better articles for suggestions. (December 2010)

Peter Andre
Peter Andre 2.jpg
Andre in 2010

Born
Peter James Andrea [1]
 27 February 1973 (age 42)
Harrow, London, England
Ethnicity
Greek Cypriot (both parents)
Education
Benowa State High School
Occupation
Singer ·
 Songwriter ·
 Television presenter ·
 Businessman
 
Years active
1990–present
Television
I'm a Celebrity...Get Me Out of Here!
Katie & Peter franchise
Peter Andre: The Next Chapter
Peter Andre: My Life
Peter Andre's 60 Minute Makeover
Spouse(s)
Katie Price (m. 2005–09)
Partner(s)
Emily MacDonagh (2012–present)
Children
3
Musical career
Origin
Gold Coast, Queensland, Australia
Genres
R&B ·
 pop ·
 pop rock ·
 urban ·
 swing
 
Instruments
Vocals
Years active
1989–present
Labels
Melodian ·
 Mushroom ·
 EastWest ·
 Conehead UK ·
 Snapper ·
 Sony BMG ·
 K and P Recordings ·
 Andre Music
 
Website
Official website
Peter James Andrea[1] (born 27 February 1973), mostly known as Peter Andre, is an English-born Australian singer, songwriter, businessman, presenter and television personality best known for his successful chart-topping singles "Mysterious Girl" and "Flava", especially in his native United Kingdom.
Andre gained further publicity when he appeared as a contestant on the third British series of I'm a Celebrity...Get Me Out of Here!. During his time on the show, Andre developed an on-screen romantic relationship with glamour model, Jordan (now known by her real name Katie Price). He made it towards the finals, reaching third place overall and losing out to eventual winner Kerry McFadden. However, Andre married Price two years after the show's finale and had two children with her but they divorced in 2009. In 2006, he released an album with Price called A Whole New World.
In 2009, Andre released the album Revelation with the single "Behind Closed Doors", which reached No. 4 on the UK Singles Chart. This was followed up with his sixth studio album Accelerate in 2010.


Contents  [hide]
1 Early life
2 Television
3 Personal life
4 Discography
5 Filmography
6 References
7 External links

Early life[edit]
Andre was born in London to Greek Cypriot parents from Cyprus,[2] and he moved with his family to Australia when he was six years old. The family settled on the Gold Coast in Queensland. In 1989, at age 16, Andre became a contestant on Hey Hey It's Saturday 'New Faces' on which he was offered a recording contract for £146,000. During his teenage years he attended Benowa State High School on the Gold Coast. He was raised as a Jehovah's Witness, but is now lapsed.[3] [4]
Television[edit]
Andre, along with his wife at the time Katie Price, launched the Katie & Peter franchise on ITV2 which documented the lives of the couple. This franchise included several fly-on-the-wall reality series which comprised When Jordan Met Peter, Jordan & Peter: Laid Bare and Jordan & Peter: Marriage and Mayhem (2004–05); Katie & Peter: The Next Chapter, Katie & Peter: The Baby Diaries and Katie & Peter: Unleashed (2007); Katie & Peter: Down Under and Katie & Peter: African Adventures (2008); and Katie & Peter: Stateside in 2009. The pair's separation in 2009 resulted in their individual shows being recorded:Peter Andre: The Next Chapter continued on ITV2 until 2011, this was then followed by Peter Andre: Here 2 Help (2011) and Peter Andre: My Life (2011–13)
In July 2010, Andre and Jason Manford were team captains on the ITV series Odd One In.
In 2013, Andre was a guest judge on ITV entertainment series Your Face Sounds Familiar.
In 2013, he guest presented five episodes ofSunday Scoop on ITV. Since 11 November 2013, Andre has presented 60 Minute Makeover, which has been re-branded as Peter Andre's 60 Minute Makeover.
In 2014, Andre released his new song "Kid" for the movie Mr. Peabody & Sherman and the lead single from his album Big Night.[5]
On 8 October 2014, Andre co-hosted the ITVBe opener with Jamelia.[6] In 2014, Andre became the new face to feature in supermarket Iceland's television commercials.
Andre is currently starring in the ITV weekly show Give a Pet a Home which works alongside the RSPCA in Birmingham.[7]
Personal life[edit]



 Peter Andre and Katie Price during the 2009 London Marathon, a few weeks before their split.
Andre married Katie Price on 10 September 2005 in Highclere Castle. They have two children: son Junior Savva, born on 13 June 2005,[8] and daughter Princess Tiaamii Crystal Esther, born on 29 June 2007.[9] While married to Price, Andre was stepfather to her son Harvey, a blind and autistic child from Price's earlier relationship with football player Dwight Yorke.[10]
In May 2009, it was announced that André and Price had separated after 3½ years of marriage.[11] They were officially divorced on 8 September 2009.[12]
Since 16 July 2012, Andre has been in a relationship with medical student Emily MacDonagh, who is 16 years his junior.[13] MacDonagh gave birth to Andre's third child, a girl named Amelia, on 7 January 2014.[14]
Discography[edit]
Main article: Peter Andre discography
Peter Andre (1993)
Natural (1996)
Time (1997)
The Long Road Back (2004)
A Whole New World (with Katie Price) (2006)
Revelation (2009)
Unconditional: Love Songs (2010)
Accelerate (2010)
Angels & Demons (2012)
Big Night (2014)
Filmography[edit]
I'm a Celebrity...Get Me Out of Here! (2004, 2011) - Contestant
When Jordan Met Peter (2004) - Himself
Jordan & Peter: Laid Bare (2005) - Himself
Jordan & Peter: Marriage and Mayhem (2005) - Himself
Katie & Peter: The Next Chapter (2007–08) - Himself
Katie & Peter: The Baby Diaries (2007) - Himself
Katie & Peter: Unleashed (2007) - Co-presenter
Katie & Peter: Down Under (2008) - Himself
Katie & Peter: African Adventures (2008) - Himself
Katie & Peter: Stateside (2009) - Himself
Peter Andre: Going It Alone (2009) - Himself
Peter Andre: The Next Chapter (2009–2011) - Himself
Odd One In (2010–2011) - Team captain, regular panellist
Peter Andre: Here 2 Help (2011) - Himself
Peter Andre: My Life (2011–2013) - Himself
Peter Andre's Bad Boyfriend Club (2012) - Himself
Your Face Sounds Familiar (2013) - Guest judge
Sunday Scoop (2013) - Co-presenter
Peter Andre's 60 Minute Makeover (2013–present) - Presenter
ITVBe launch show (2014) - Co-presenter
Big Star's Little Star (2015) - Contestant
Give a Pet a Home (2015) - Celebrity contributor
References[edit]
 Wikimedia Commons has media related to Peter Andre.
1.^ Jump up to: a b "OK! Magazine: First For Celebrity News :: Bios". OK! Magazine. Retrieved 26 June 2011.
2.Jump up ^ [1]
3.Jump up ^ http://www.theguardian.com/lifeandstyle/2014/feb/07/peter-andre-my-family-values
4.Jump up ^ http://www.standard.co.uk/showbiz/peter-andre-believes-he-has-a-guardian-angel-6361404.html
5.Jump up ^ Tina Campbell (2014-04-14). "Peter Andre launches Pledge Music campaign and new swing music album | Metro News". Metro.co.uk. Retrieved 2014-05-28.
6.Jump up ^ [2]
7.Jump up ^ http://www.digitalspy.co.uk/tv/news/a636701/julian-clary-peter-andre-kimberly-wyatt-for-itvs-give-a-pet-a-home.html#~p7ynUNBUbsPJwL
8.Jump up ^ Births England and Wales 1837–2006
9.Jump up ^ "Entertainment | Jordan decides on daughter's name". BBC News. 2007-07-24. Retrieved 2009-10-31.
10.Jump up ^ Pink, Stuart (17 June 2008). "Andre I want to adopt Harvey". The Sun (London).[dead link]
11.Jump up ^ "BBC NEWS – Entertainment – Jordan and Peter André separating". BBC News. 2009-05-11. Retrieved 2009-05-11.
12.Jump up ^ "Thank God it's over: Katie Price toasts her quickie divorce from Peter André with pink champagne". London: www.dailymail.co.uk. 9 September 2009. Retrieved 9 September 2009.
13.Jump up ^ Sarah Bull (13 July 2012). "Peter Andre's Mysterious Girl identified as 22-year-old student Emily MacDonagh". Daily Mail. Retrieved 22 April 2013.
14.Jump up ^ "Baby joy for Peter Andre and girlfriend Emily". Irish Examiner. 8 January 2014. Retrieved 8 January 2014.
External links[edit]


[show]
v ·
 t ·
 e
 
Peter Andre


































































[show]
v ·
 t ·
 e
 
I'm a Celebrity...Get Me Out of Here! UK Series 3

















 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  


Categories: 1973 births
English people of Greek Cypriot descent
English businesspeople
English singer-songwriters
English television personalities
English expatriates in Australia
Former Jehovah's Witnesses
Peter Andre
People from Harrow, London
Singers from London
Writers from London
Male actors from London
Living people











Navigation menu



Create account
Log in



Article

Talk









Read

Edit

View history

















Main page
Contents
Featured content
Current events
Random article
Donate to Wikipedia
Wikipedia store

Interaction
Help
About Wikipedia
Community portal
Recent changes
Contact page

Tools
What links here
Related changes
Upload file
Special pages
Permanent link
Page information
Wikidata item
Cite this page

Print/export
Create a book
Download as PDF
Printable version

Languages
Dansk
Deutsch
Ελληνικά
한국어
Հայերեն
Italiano
Nederlands
Polski
Português
Română
Русский
Simple English
Suomi
Svenska
Edit links
This page was last modified on 27 May 2015, at 18:37.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License; additional terms may apply. By using this site, you agree to the Terms of Use and Privacy Policy. Wikipedia® is a registered trademark of the Wikimedia Foundation, Inc., a non-profit organization.
Privacy policy
About Wikipedia
Disclaimers
Contact Wikipedia
Developers
Mobile view
Wikimedia Foundation
Powered by MediaWiki
 

 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peter_Andre








Peter Andre

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Jump to: navigation, search



 This article's tone or style may not reflect the encyclopedic tone used on Wikipedia. See Wikipedia's guide to writing better articles for suggestions. (December 2010)

Peter Andre
Peter Andre 2.jpg
Andre in 2010

Born
Peter James Andrea [1]
 27 February 1973 (age 42)
Harrow, London, England
Ethnicity
Greek Cypriot (both parents)
Education
Benowa State High School
Occupation
Singer ·
 Songwriter ·
 Television presenter ·
 Businessman
 
Years active
1990–present
Television
I'm a Celebrity...Get Me Out of Here!
Katie & Peter franchise
Peter Andre: The Next Chapter
Peter Andre: My Life
Peter Andre's 60 Minute Makeover
Spouse(s)
Katie Price (m. 2005–09)
Partner(s)
Emily MacDonagh (2012–present)
Children
3
Musical career
Origin
Gold Coast, Queensland, Australia
Genres
R&B ·
 pop ·
 pop rock ·
 urban ·
 swing
 
Instruments
Vocals
Years active
1989–present
Labels
Melodian ·
 Mushroom ·
 EastWest ·
 Conehead UK ·
 Snapper ·
 Sony BMG ·
 K and P Recordings ·
 Andre Music
 
Website
Official website
Peter James Andrea[1] (born 27 February 1973), mostly known as Peter Andre, is an English-born Australian singer, songwriter, businessman, presenter and television personality best known for his successful chart-topping singles "Mysterious Girl" and "Flava", especially in his native United Kingdom.
Andre gained further publicity when he appeared as a contestant on the third British series of I'm a Celebrity...Get Me Out of Here!. During his time on the show, Andre developed an on-screen romantic relationship with glamour model, Jordan (now known by her real name Katie Price). He made it towards the finals, reaching third place overall and losing out to eventual winner Kerry McFadden. However, Andre married Price two years after the show's finale and had two children with her but they divorced in 2009. In 2006, he released an album with Price called A Whole New World.
In 2009, Andre released the album Revelation with the single "Behind Closed Doors", which reached No. 4 on the UK Singles Chart. This was followed up with his sixth studio album Accelerate in 2010.


Contents  [hide]
1 Early life
2 Television
3 Personal life
4 Discography
5 Filmography
6 References
7 External links

Early life[edit]
Andre was born in London to Greek Cypriot parents from Cyprus,[2] and he moved with his family to Australia when he was six years old. The family settled on the Gold Coast in Queensland. In 1989, at age 16, Andre became a contestant on Hey Hey It's Saturday 'New Faces' on which he was offered a recording contract for £146,000. During his teenage years he attended Benowa State High School on the Gold Coast. He was raised as a Jehovah's Witness, but is now lapsed.[3] [4]
Television[edit]
Andre, along with his wife at the time Katie Price, launched the Katie & Peter franchise on ITV2 which documented the lives of the couple. This franchise included several fly-on-the-wall reality series which comprised When Jordan Met Peter, Jordan & Peter: Laid Bare and Jordan & Peter: Marriage and Mayhem (2004–05); Katie & Peter: The Next Chapter, Katie & Peter: The Baby Diaries and Katie & Peter: Unleashed (2007); Katie & Peter: Down Under and Katie & Peter: African Adventures (2008); and Katie & Peter: Stateside in 2009. The pair's separation in 2009 resulted in their individual shows being recorded:Peter Andre: The Next Chapter continued on ITV2 until 2011, this was then followed by Peter Andre: Here 2 Help (2011) and Peter Andre: My Life (2011–13)
In July 2010, Andre and Jason Manford were team captains on the ITV series Odd One In.
In 2013, Andre was a guest judge on ITV entertainment series Your Face Sounds Familiar.
In 2013, he guest presented five episodes ofSunday Scoop on ITV. Since 11 November 2013, Andre has presented 60 Minute Makeover, which has been re-branded as Peter Andre's 60 Minute Makeover.
In 2014, Andre released his new song "Kid" for the movie Mr. Peabody & Sherman and the lead single from his album Big Night.[5]
On 8 October 2014, Andre co-hosted the ITVBe opener with Jamelia.[6] In 2014, Andre became the new face to feature in supermarket Iceland's television commercials.
Andre is currently starring in the ITV weekly show Give a Pet a Home which works alongside the RSPCA in Birmingham.[7]
Personal life[edit]



 Peter Andre and Katie Price during the 2009 London Marathon, a few weeks before their split.
Andre married Katie Price on 10 September 2005 in Highclere Castle. They have two children: son Junior Savva, born on 13 June 2005,[8] and daughter Princess Tiaamii Crystal Esther, born on 29 June 2007.[9] While married to Price, Andre was stepfather to her son Harvey, a blind and autistic child from Price's earlier relationship with football player Dwight Yorke.[10]
In May 2009, it was announced that André and Price had separated after 3½ years of marriage.[11] They were officially divorced on 8 September 2009.[12]
Since 16 July 2012, Andre has been in a relationship with medical student Emily MacDonagh, who is 16 years his junior.[13] MacDonagh gave birth to Andre's third child, a girl named Amelia, on 7 January 2014.[14]
Discography[edit]
Main article: Peter Andre discography
Peter Andre (1993)
Natural (1996)
Time (1997)
The Long Road Back (2004)
A Whole New World (with Katie Price) (2006)
Revelation (2009)
Unconditional: Love Songs (2010)
Accelerate (2010)
Angels & Demons (2012)
Big Night (2014)
Filmography[edit]
I'm a Celebrity...Get Me Out of Here! (2004, 2011) - Contestant
When Jordan Met Peter (2004) - Himself
Jordan & Peter: Laid Bare (2005) - Himself
Jordan & Peter: Marriage and Mayhem (2005) - Himself
Katie & Peter: The Next Chapter (2007–08) - Himself
Katie & Peter: The Baby Diaries (2007) - Himself
Katie & Peter: Unleashed (2007) - Co-presenter
Katie & Peter: Down Under (2008) - Himself
Katie & Peter: African Adventures (2008) - Himself
Katie & Peter: Stateside (2009) - Himself
Peter Andre: Going It Alone (2009) - Himself
Peter Andre: The Next Chapter (2009–2011) - Himself
Odd One In (2010–2011) - Team captain, regular panellist
Peter Andre: Here 2 Help (2011) - Himself
Peter Andre: My Life (2011–2013) - Himself
Peter Andre's Bad Boyfriend Club (2012) - Himself
Your Face Sounds Familiar (2013) - Guest judge
Sunday Scoop (2013) - Co-presenter
Peter Andre's 60 Minute Makeover (2013–present) - Presenter
ITVBe launch show (2014) - Co-presenter
Big Star's Little Star (2015) - Contestant
Give a Pet a Home (2015) - Celebrity contributor
References[edit]
 Wikimedia Commons has media related to Peter Andre.
1.^ Jump up to: a b "OK! Magazine: First For Celebrity News :: Bios". OK! Magazine. Retrieved 26 June 2011.
2.Jump up ^ [1]
3.Jump up ^ http://www.theguardian.com/lifeandstyle/2014/feb/07/peter-andre-my-family-values
4.Jump up ^ http://www.standard.co.uk/showbiz/peter-andre-believes-he-has-a-guardian-angel-6361404.html
5.Jump up ^ Tina Campbell (2014-04-14). "Peter Andre launches Pledge Music campaign and new swing music album | Metro News". Metro.co.uk. Retrieved 2014-05-28.
6.Jump up ^ [2]
7.Jump up ^ http://www.digitalspy.co.uk/tv/news/a636701/julian-clary-peter-andre-kimberly-wyatt-for-itvs-give-a-pet-a-home.html#~p7ynUNBUbsPJwL
8.Jump up ^ Births England and Wales 1837–2006
9.Jump up ^ "Entertainment | Jordan decides on daughter's name". BBC News. 2007-07-24. Retrieved 2009-10-31.
10.Jump up ^ Pink, Stuart (17 June 2008). "Andre I want to adopt Harvey". The Sun (London).[dead link]
11.Jump up ^ "BBC NEWS – Entertainment – Jordan and Peter André separating". BBC News. 2009-05-11. Retrieved 2009-05-11.
12.Jump up ^ "Thank God it's over: Katie Price toasts her quickie divorce from Peter André with pink champagne". London: www.dailymail.co.uk. 9 September 2009. Retrieved 9 September 2009.
13.Jump up ^ Sarah Bull (13 July 2012). "Peter Andre's Mysterious Girl identified as 22-year-old student Emily MacDonagh". Daily Mail. Retrieved 22 April 2013.
14.Jump up ^ "Baby joy for Peter Andre and girlfriend Emily". Irish Examiner. 8 January 2014. Retrieved 8 January 2014.
External links[edit]


[show]
v ·
 t ·
 e
 
Peter Andre


































































[show]
v ·
 t ·
 e
 
I'm a Celebrity...Get Me Out of Here! UK Series 3

















 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  


Categories: 1973 births
English people of Greek Cypriot descent
English businesspeople
English singer-songwriters
English television personalities
English expatriates in Australia
Former Jehovah's Witnesses
Peter Andre
People from Harrow, London
Singers from London
Writers from London
Male actors from London
Living people











Navigation menu



Create account
Log in



Article

Talk









Read

Edit

View history

















Main page
Contents
Featured content
Current events
Random article
Donate to Wikipedia
Wikipedia store

Interaction
Help
About Wikipedia
Community portal
Recent changes
Contact page

Tools
What links here
Related changes
Upload file
Special pages
Permanent link
Page information
Wikidata item
Cite this page

Print/export
Create a book
Download as PDF
Printable version

Languages
Dansk
Deutsch
Ελληνικά
한국어
Հայերեն
Italiano
Nederlands
Polski
Português
Română
Русский
Simple English
Suomi
Svenska
Edit links
This page was last modified on 27 May 2015, at 18:37.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License; additional terms may apply. By using this site, you agree to the Terms of Use and Privacy Policy. Wikipedia® is a registered trademark of the Wikimedia Foundation, Inc., a non-profit organization.
Privacy policy
About Wikipedia
Disclaimers
Contact Wikipedia
Developers
Mobile view
Wikimedia Foundation
Powered by MediaWiki
 

 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peter_Andre








David Bercot

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Jump to: navigation, search



 This article may require cleanup to meet Wikipedia's quality standards. No cleanup reason has been specified. Please help improve this article if you can. (January 2012)
David W. Bercot (born April 13, 1950) is an attorney,[1]author, and international speaker.[2] He has written various books and magazine articles about early Christianity and Christian discipleship.[3] His two best-known works are Will the Real Heretics Please Stand Up?, and the Dictionary of Early Christian Beliefs. Bercot is a conservative American Christian and lives in Pennsylvania, United States.[4]


Contents  [hide]
1 Biography
2 Writings
3 Personal
4 Bibliography
5 See also
6 References
7 External links

Biography[edit]
David Bercot was raised as a Jehovah's Witness.[5] After leaving Jehovah’s Witnesses in 1976, he began his university education. He graduated from Stephen F. Austin State University summa cum laude,[6] and he obtained his Doctor of Jurisprudence degree cum laude from Baylor University School of Law.[7]
In 1985, Bercot began an in-depth study of the early Christians who lived before the Council of Nicaea in A.D. 325. His studies started him on a spiritual pilgrimage.[8] In 1989, he wrote the book, Will the Real Heretics Please Stand Up, which sets forth some of the teachings and lifestyle of the early Christians.[9] That same year, he joined with an Assembly of God pastor to establish Scroll Publishing Company for the purpose of publishing various writings of the pre-Nicene Christians, as well as to publish other Christian books.[10]
Bercot’s studies of the early Christians brought him into contact and dialogue with three different branches of Christianity: the Anabaptists (Mennonites, Amish, Brethren),[11] the Anglican Church, and the churches of the Restoration Movement (Church of Christ, Disciples of Christ, International Church of Christ).[12] In 1985, after completing his religious studies through Cambridge University, Bercot was ordained as an Anglican priest.[13] However, he eventually left the Anglican Church and began fellowshipping with various Anabaptist churches.[14]
Today Bercot is a lecturer and author who emphasizes the simplicity of Biblical doctrine and early (ante-Nicene) Christian teaching over against what he would call the heavy and complex body of theological understandings that have built up over the centuries in churches and in academia and that have come to be thought of as orthodoxy. He is particularly notable for his deeply nonresistant understanding of Jesus's and New Testament teaching.
Writings[edit]
Bercot’s most widely read work is A Dictionary of Early Christian Beliefs, published in 1998.[15] It is a work that collects together over 7000 excerpts from the writings believed by many to be those of early Christians, arranged alphabetically by topic.[16] According to Bercot, before the publication of his work, the only practical way to determine what the early Christians believed about any given topic was to read the actual writings of the Ante-Nicene Fathers themselves. After the publication of A Dictionary of Early Christian Beliefs, the Evangelical Review of Theology stated: “David Bercot has done the church a great service in providing an accessible point of entry into the extant writings of the pre-Nicene church.”[17] The Conservative Theological Journal stated: “This is a must text for everyone interested in modern theological trends in general and especially historical studies.”[18]
Other popular books that Bercot has written are Will the Real Heretics Please Stand Up, published originally in 1989, and The Kingdom That Turned the World Upside Down (2003), and Will the Theologians Please Sit Down (2009).[19]
Personal[edit]
Bercot and his wife, Deborah, were married in 1972. They have three children.[20]
Bibliography[edit]
##Will the Real Heretics Please Stand Up (1989) ISBN 0-924722-00-2
##The Pilgrim Road (1991) ISBN 0-924722-03-7
##Common Sense (1992) ISBN 0-924722-06-1
##A Dictionary of Early Christian Beliefs (1998) ISBN 1-56563-357-1
##Let Me Die in Ireland (1999) ISBN 0-924722-08-8
##The Kingdom that Turned the World Upside Down (2003) ISBN 0-924722-17-7
##Plain Speaking: How to Preach and Teach Effectively (2007) ISBN 978-0-924722-19-6
##Will the Theologians Please Sit Down (2009) ISBN 978-0-924722-24-0
##In God We Don't Trust (2011) ISBN 978-0-924722-25-7
##Secrets of the Kingdom Life (2014) ISBN 978-0-924722-28-8
See also[edit]
##Early Christianity
##Restorationism (Christian primitivism)
References[edit]
1.Jump up ^ Martindale-Hubbell [1], accessed November 26, 2010.
2.Jump up ^ Eglise de Mainson [2], accessed November 27, 2010.
3.Jump up ^ Wilson, Dean [3], accessed November 26, 2010.
4.Jump up ^ Martindale-Hubbell [4], accessed November 26, 2010.
5.Jump up ^ Staten, Steve [5], accessed November 25, 2010.
6.Jump up ^ Origen, The Pilgrim Road, Scroll Publishing Co., 1991, p. ix.
7.Jump up ^ Hendrickson Publishers [6], accessed November 25, 2010.
8.Jump up ^ davidbercot.com [7], accessed November 28, 2010.
9.Jump up ^ Amazon.com [8], accessed November 26, 2010.
10.Jump up ^ Scroll Publishing Co. [9], accessed November 24, 2010.
11.Jump up ^ The Mennonite Encyclopedia, “Anabaptist,” Mennonite Brethren Publishing House, vol. A-C, pp. 111-116.
12.Jump up ^ Restoration Movement [10], accessed November 16, 2010.
13.Jump up ^ Hendrickson Publishers [11], accessed November 25, 2010.
14.Jump up ^ Staten, Steve [12], accessed November 25, 2010.
15.Jump up ^ The Library Thing [13], accessed November 10, 2010.
16.Jump up ^ Ante-Nicene Fathers [14], accessed September 3, 2010.
17.Jump up ^ Laird, Ray, Theological Commission Evangelical Review of Theology, January, 2000, Vol. 24 No. 1.
18.Jump up ^ “The Dictionary of Early Christian Beliefs,” in The Conservative Theological Journal, vol. 4 no. 16 (Fort Worth, TX: Tyndale Theological Seminary, December 2001), 334-362.
19.Jump up ^ Amazon.com [15], accessed October 14, 2010.
20.Jump up ^ Wilson, Dean [16], accessed October 4, 2010.
External links[edit]
##www.davidbercot.com
##Scroll Publishing Company
Critiques of Will the Real Heretics Please Stand Up?
##http://www.orthodoxinfo.com/inquirers/bercot.aspx
##http://pages.google.com/edit/thepalmhq/ReviewofDavidBercotRealHeretics.doc[dead link]
##http://www.churchhistory101.com/feedback/book-reviews.php#heretics
On Patristics and the Development of Christian Doctrine
##http://www.newmanreader.org/works/development/index.html


Authority control
VIAF: 39546998 ·
 BNF: cb135951761 (data)
 




 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  


Categories: American religious writers
1950 births
Living people
Former Jehovah's Witnesses
Stephen F. Austin State University alumni
Baylor University alumni
Alumni of the University of Cambridge











Navigation menu



Create account
Log in



Article

Talk









Read

Edit

View history

















Main page
Contents
Featured content
Current events
Random article
Donate to Wikipedia
Wikipedia store

Interaction
Help
About Wikipedia
Community portal
Recent changes
Contact page

Tools
What links here
Related changes
Upload file
Special pages
Permanent link
Page information
Wikidata item
Cite this page

Print/export
Create a book
Download as PDF
Printable version

Languages

Edit links
This page was last modified on 1 May 2015, at 05:01.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License; additional terms may apply. By using this site, you agree to the Terms of Use and Privacy Policy. Wikipedia® is a registered trademark of the Wikimedia Foundation, Inc., a non-profit organization.
Privacy policy
About Wikipedia
Disclaimers
Contact Wikipedia
Developers
Mobile view
Wikimedia Foundation
Powered by MediaWiki
 

 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/David_Bercot








David Bercot

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Jump to: navigation, search



 This article may require cleanup to meet Wikipedia's quality standards. No cleanup reason has been specified. Please help improve this article if you can. (January 2012)
David W. Bercot (born April 13, 1950) is an attorney,[1]author, and international speaker.[2] He has written various books and magazine articles about early Christianity and Christian discipleship.[3] His two best-known works are Will the Real Heretics Please Stand Up?, and the Dictionary of Early Christian Beliefs. Bercot is a conservative American Christian and lives in Pennsylvania, United States.[4]


Contents  [hide]
1 Biography
2 Writings
3 Personal
4 Bibliography
5 See also
6 References
7 External links

Biography[edit]
David Bercot was raised as a Jehovah's Witness.[5] After leaving Jehovah’s Witnesses in 1976, he began his university education. He graduated from Stephen F. Austin State University summa cum laude,[6] and he obtained his Doctor of Jurisprudence degree cum laude from Baylor University School of Law.[7]
In 1985, Bercot began an in-depth study of the early Christians who lived before the Council of Nicaea in A.D. 325. His studies started him on a spiritual pilgrimage.[8] In 1989, he wrote the book, Will the Real Heretics Please Stand Up, which sets forth some of the teachings and lifestyle of the early Christians.[9] That same year, he joined with an Assembly of God pastor to establish Scroll Publishing Company for the purpose of publishing various writings of the pre-Nicene Christians, as well as to publish other Christian books.[10]
Bercot’s studies of the early Christians brought him into contact and dialogue with three different branches of Christianity: the Anabaptists (Mennonites, Amish, Brethren),[11] the Anglican Church, and the churches of the Restoration Movement (Church of Christ, Disciples of Christ, International Church of Christ).[12] In 1985, after completing his religious studies through Cambridge University, Bercot was ordained as an Anglican priest.[13] However, he eventually left the Anglican Church and began fellowshipping with various Anabaptist churches.[14]
Today Bercot is a lecturer and author who emphasizes the simplicity of Biblical doctrine and early (ante-Nicene) Christian teaching over against what he would call the heavy and complex body of theological understandings that have built up over the centuries in churches and in academia and that have come to be thought of as orthodoxy. He is particularly notable for his deeply nonresistant understanding of Jesus's and New Testament teaching.
Writings[edit]
Bercot’s most widely read work is A Dictionary of Early Christian Beliefs, published in 1998.[15] It is a work that collects together over 7000 excerpts from the writings believed by many to be those of early Christians, arranged alphabetically by topic.[16] According to Bercot, before the publication of his work, the only practical way to determine what the early Christians believed about any given topic was to read the actual writings of the Ante-Nicene Fathers themselves. After the publication of A Dictionary of Early Christian Beliefs, the Evangelical Review of Theology stated: “David Bercot has done the church a great service in providing an accessible point of entry into the extant writings of the pre-Nicene church.”[17] The Conservative Theological Journal stated: “This is a must text for everyone interested in modern theological trends in general and especially historical studies.”[18]
Other popular books that Bercot has written are Will the Real Heretics Please Stand Up, published originally in 1989, and The Kingdom That Turned the World Upside Down (2003), and Will the Theologians Please Sit Down (2009).[19]
Personal[edit]
Bercot and his wife, Deborah, were married in 1972. They have three children.[20]
Bibliography[edit]
##Will the Real Heretics Please Stand Up (1989) ISBN 0-924722-00-2
##The Pilgrim Road (1991) ISBN 0-924722-03-7
##Common Sense (1992) ISBN 0-924722-06-1
##A Dictionary of Early Christian Beliefs (1998) ISBN 1-56563-357-1
##Let Me Die in Ireland (1999) ISBN 0-924722-08-8
##The Kingdom that Turned the World Upside Down (2003) ISBN 0-924722-17-7
##Plain Speaking: How to Preach and Teach Effectively (2007) ISBN 978-0-924722-19-6
##Will the Theologians Please Sit Down (2009) ISBN 978-0-924722-24-0
##In God We Don't Trust (2011) ISBN 978-0-924722-25-7
##Secrets of the Kingdom Life (2014) ISBN 978-0-924722-28-8
See also[edit]
##Early Christianity
##Restorationism (Christian primitivism)
References[edit]
1.Jump up ^ Martindale-Hubbell [1], accessed November 26, 2010.
2.Jump up ^ Eglise de Mainson [2], accessed November 27, 2010.
3.Jump up ^ Wilson, Dean [3], accessed November 26, 2010.
4.Jump up ^ Martindale-Hubbell [4], accessed November 26, 2010.
5.Jump up ^ Staten, Steve [5], accessed November 25, 2010.
6.Jump up ^ Origen, The Pilgrim Road, Scroll Publishing Co., 1991, p. ix.
7.Jump up ^ Hendrickson Publishers [6], accessed November 25, 2010.
8.Jump up ^ davidbercot.com [7], accessed November 28, 2010.
9.Jump up ^ Amazon.com [8], accessed November 26, 2010.
10.Jump up ^ Scroll Publishing Co. [9], accessed November 24, 2010.
11.Jump up ^ The Mennonite Encyclopedia, “Anabaptist,” Mennonite Brethren Publishing House, vol. A-C, pp. 111-116.
12.Jump up ^ Restoration Movement [10], accessed November 16, 2010.
13.Jump up ^ Hendrickson Publishers [11], accessed November 25, 2010.
14.Jump up ^ Staten, Steve [12], accessed November 25, 2010.
15.Jump up ^ The Library Thing [13], accessed November 10, 2010.
16.Jump up ^ Ante-Nicene Fathers [14], accessed September 3, 2010.
17.Jump up ^ Laird, Ray, Theological Commission Evangelical Review of Theology, January, 2000, Vol. 24 No. 1.
18.Jump up ^ “The Dictionary of Early Christian Beliefs,” in The Conservative Theological Journal, vol. 4 no. 16 (Fort Worth, TX: Tyndale Theological Seminary, December 2001), 334-362.
19.Jump up ^ Amazon.com [15], accessed October 14, 2010.
20.Jump up ^ Wilson, Dean [16], accessed October 4, 2010.
External links[edit]
##www.davidbercot.com
##Scroll Publishing Company
Critiques of Will the Real Heretics Please Stand Up?
##http://www.orthodoxinfo.com/inquirers/bercot.aspx
##http://pages.google.com/edit/thepalmhq/ReviewofDavidBercotRealHeretics.doc[dead link]
##http://www.churchhistory101.com/feedback/book-reviews.php#heretics
On Patristics and the Development of Christian Doctrine
##http://www.newmanreader.org/works/development/index.html


Authority control
VIAF: 39546998 ·
 BNF: cb135951761 (data)
 




 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  


Categories: American religious writers
1950 births
Living people
Former Jehovah's Witnesses
Stephen F. Austin State University alumni
Baylor University alumni
Alumni of the University of Cambridge











Navigation menu



Create account
Log in



Article

Talk









Read

Edit

View history

















Main page
Contents
Featured content
Current events
Random article
Donate to Wikipedia
Wikipedia store

Interaction
Help
About Wikipedia
Community portal
Recent changes
Contact page

Tools
What links here
Related changes
Upload file
Special pages
Permanent link
Page information
Wikidata item
Cite this page

Print/export
Create a book
Download as PDF
Printable version

Languages

Edit links
This page was last modified on 1 May 2015, at 05:01.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License; additional terms may apply. By using this site, you agree to the Terms of Use and Privacy Policy. Wikipedia® is a registered trademark of the Wikimedia Foundation, Inc., a non-profit organization.
Privacy policy
About Wikipedia
Disclaimers
Contact Wikipedia
Developers
Mobile view
Wikimedia Foundation
Powered by MediaWiki
 

 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/David_Bercot








Barbara Grizzuti Harrison

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Jump to: navigation, search

Barbara Harrison redirects here. For the Brookside character, see List of Brookside characters.
Barbara Grizzuti Harrison (14 September 1934 – 24 April 2002) was an American journalist, essayist and memoirist. She is best known for her autobiographical work, particularly her account of growing up as one of Jehovah's Witnesses, and for her travel writing.[1]

Barbara Grizzuti Harrison
BarbaraGrizzutiHarrison ca1980.png
Barbara Grizzuti Harrison in 1980s

Born
September 14, 1934
Queens, NYC, New York, U.S.
Died
April 24, 2002 (aged 67)


Contents  [hide]
1 Early life
2 First publications
3 Journalism, travel writing and fiction
4 Final years
5 Books
6 References

Early life[edit]
Barbara Grizzuti was born in Queens, New York City, on 14 September 1934. Her parents were first-generation Americans; her grandparents were immigrants from Calabria in Southern Italy. She later described her childhood as deeply troubled. Her mother, who apparently suffered from mental illness, was emotionally distant and insisted on describing herself as "Barbara's relative", not her mother. Near the end of her life Harrison also revealed that her father had sexually abused her. The turmoil of her childhood would have a strong influence on her writing.
When Harrison was 9, she and her mother were converted by a Jehovah's Witness missionary who visited the family. Harrison's father and brother did not convert, and this caused a rift in the household. Harrison's mother immersed herself totally in her new faith, even making a pact with a Witness man to marry after Harrison's father had perished in the last judgement. Harrison later said that the Witnesses' bloody visions of apocalypse both stimulated her imagination and made her frightened to use it.
A precocious student, Harrison skipped several grades in school. As a teenager at New Utrecht High School in Brooklyn, Harrison fell in love with Arnold Horowitz, an English teacher who was among the first to encourage her writing talent. He apparently returned her feelings, and although their relationship remained platonic, they continued to see each other and to correspond until Horowitz's death in the late 1960s.
After graduating from high school, Harrison, who had been forbidden to attend university, went to live and work at the Watchtower headquarters of Bethel. However, her friendship with Horowitz scandalised her colleagues. Nathan H. Knorr, then head of the Watchtower Society, told Harrison to stop seeing Horowitz, but she was unable to do so.
The relationship was but one symptom of a growing conflict between Harrison's faith and her artistic sensibilities, which eventually led to a nervous breakdown. At age 22, Harrison left Bethel, and very shortly afterward she renounced her faith altogether.
Harrison found work as a publisher's secretary and became involved in the bohemian life of Greenwich Village. She had a turbulent three-year affair with an African-American jazz trumpeter whom she never publicly named. Through him, Harrison associated with many of the leading jazz musicians of the day, including Ben Webster, Billie Holiday and Frank Sinatra. "Jazzman", as Harrison called her lover in her autobiography, would come back into her life nearly 40 years later; the two would resume their affair with undiminished passion and conflict until a second, and final, break-up.
In 1960 Barbara Grizzuti married W. Dale Harrison, an aid worker for Cooperative for Assistance and Relief Everywhere (CARE). The couple spent the eight years of their marriage living in Tripoli, Mumbai, Hyderabad, India, and Chichicastenango. The Harrisons had a son, Joshua, and a daughter, Anna. They divorced in 1968, and Barbara returned to New York with the children.
First publications[edit]
By now Harrison had become involved with the women's movement, and she began writing on feminist themes for various publications. Her first book, Unlearning the Lie: Sexism in School, was published in 1969. Harrison was one of the first contributors to Ms. magazine.
Harrison became nationally known in 1978 when she published Visions of Glory: A History and a Memory of Jehovah's Witnesses, which combined childhood memoirs with a history of the Jehovah's Witness movement. Although Harrison expressed admiration for individual Witnesses and wrote sympathetically of their persecution, she portrayed the faith itself as harsh and tyrannical, racist and sexist.[2][3]
Harrison was an agnostic when she began Visions of Glory, but while writing it she experienced a spiritual epiphany and converted to Catholicism. Her conversion became the subject of the book's last chapter. Harrison drew much of her spirituality from the Catholic Worker Movement and from the medieval female mystics.
Journalism, travel writing and fiction[edit]
Harrison wrote for many of the leading periodicals of her time, including The New York Times, The Los Angeles Times, The New Republic, Harper's, The Atlantic Monthly, The Village Voice, The Nation, Ladies' Home Journal and Mother Jones magazine. Among the people she interviewed were Red Barber, Mario Cuomo, Jane Fonda, Gore Vidal, Joan Didion, Francis Ford Coppola, Nadia Comăneci, Alessandra Mussolini and Barbara Bush. Because of her background, Harrison was often asked to write about movements that were perceived to be cults; she described families affected by the Unification Church and the Northeast Kingdom Community Church, and reported on the U.S. government's deadly standoff with the Branch Davidians in Waco, Texas.
Harrison published two collections of her essays and interviews: Off Center (1980) and The Astonishing World (1992). Her 1992 Harper's essay "P.C. on the Grill", which lampooned the "philosophy" of popular TV chef The Frugal Gourmet, was included in the 1993 edition of Best American Essays.
Harrison also wrote numerous travel articles covering destinations all over the world. She published two books about her travels in Italy, Italian Days (1989) and The Islands of Italy: Sicily, Sardinia, and the Aeolian Islands (1991).
In 1984 Harrison published a novel, Foreign Bodies. She won an O. Henry Award for short fiction in 1989.
Final years[edit]
In 1994 Harrison, who had been a heavy smoker for most of her adult life, was diagnosed with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. During her illness she completed her last book, An Accidental Autobiography. As the title implied, the book was less a straightforward memoir than a stream-of-consciousness collection of memories and reflections, loosely organised by theme.
Harrison wrote little afterwards as her illness progressed. She died on 24 April 2002 in a hospice in Manhattan.
Books[edit]
Unlearning the Lie: Sexism in School (Liveright, 1969)
Visions of Glory: A History and a Memory of Jehovah's Witnesses (Simon & Schuster, 1978)
Off Center (The Dial Press, 1980)
Foreign Bodies (Doubleday, 1984)
Italian Days (Atlantic Monthly Press, 1989)
The Islands of Italy: Sicily, Sardinia, and the Aeolian Islands (Ticknor & Fields, 1991)
The Astonishing World (Ticknor & Fields, 1992)
An Accidental Autobiography (Houghton Mifflin, 1996)
References[edit]
1.Jump up ^ New York Times obituary, April 26, 2002.
2.Jump up ^ Barbara Grizzuti Harrison, Visions of Glory, Simon & Schuster, 1978, chapter 1.
3.Jump up ^ Los Angeles Times obituary, April 27, 2002.


Authority control
VIAF: 15580999 ·
 ISNI: 0000 0000 8200 5147
 




 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  


Categories: 1934 births
2002 deaths
American essayists
American women journalists
American women novelists
20th-century American novelists
American Roman Catholics
American travel writers
American people of Calabrian descent
Converts to Roman Catholicism
Converts to Roman Catholicism from atheism or agnosticism
Former Jehovah's Witnesses
American people of Italian descent
People from Queens, New York
Critics of Jehovah's Witnesses
People of Calabrian descent
Writers from New York City
Women travel writers
Women essayists
20th-century women writers






Navigation menu



Create account
Log in



Article

Talk









Read

Edit

View history

















Main page
Contents
Featured content
Current events
Random article
Donate to Wikipedia
Wikipedia store

Interaction
Help
About Wikipedia
Community portal
Recent changes
Contact page

Tools
What links here
Related changes
Upload file
Special pages
Permanent link
Page information
Wikidata item
Cite this page

Print/export
Create a book
Download as PDF
Printable version

Languages

Edit links
This page was last modified on 24 May 2015, at 05:28.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License; additional terms may apply. By using this site, you agree to the Terms of Use and Privacy Policy. Wikipedia® is a registered trademark of the Wikimedia Foundation, Inc., a non-profit organization.
Privacy policy
About Wikipedia
Disclaimers
Contact Wikipedia
Developers
Mobile view
Wikimedia Foundation
Powered by MediaWiki
 

 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barbara_Grizzuti_Harrison








Barbara Grizzuti Harrison

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Jump to: navigation, search

Barbara Harrison redirects here. For the Brookside character, see List of Brookside characters.
Barbara Grizzuti Harrison (14 September 1934 – 24 April 2002) was an American journalist, essayist and memoirist. She is best known for her autobiographical work, particularly her account of growing up as one of Jehovah's Witnesses, and for her travel writing.[1]

Barbara Grizzuti Harrison
BarbaraGrizzutiHarrison ca1980.png
Barbara Grizzuti Harrison in 1980s

Born
September 14, 1934
Queens, NYC, New York, U.S.
Died
April 24, 2002 (aged 67)


Contents  [hide]
1 Early life
2 First publications
3 Journalism, travel writing and fiction
4 Final years
5 Books
6 References

Early life[edit]
Barbara Grizzuti was born in Queens, New York City, on 14 September 1934. Her parents were first-generation Americans; her grandparents were immigrants from Calabria in Southern Italy. She later described her childhood as deeply troubled. Her mother, who apparently suffered from mental illness, was emotionally distant and insisted on describing herself as "Barbara's relative", not her mother. Near the end of her life Harrison also revealed that her father had sexually abused her. The turmoil of her childhood would have a strong influence on her writing.
When Harrison was 9, she and her mother were converted by a Jehovah's Witness missionary who visited the family. Harrison's father and brother did not convert, and this caused a rift in the household. Harrison's mother immersed herself totally in her new faith, even making a pact with a Witness man to marry after Harrison's father had perished in the last judgement. Harrison later said that the Witnesses' bloody visions of apocalypse both stimulated her imagination and made her frightened to use it.
A precocious student, Harrison skipped several grades in school. As a teenager at New Utrecht High School in Brooklyn, Harrison fell in love with Arnold Horowitz, an English teacher who was among the first to encourage her writing talent. He apparently returned her feelings, and although their relationship remained platonic, they continued to see each other and to correspond until Horowitz's death in the late 1960s.
After graduating from high school, Harrison, who had been forbidden to attend university, went to live and work at the Watchtower headquarters of Bethel. However, her friendship with Horowitz scandalised her colleagues. Nathan H. Knorr, then head of the Watchtower Society, told Harrison to stop seeing Horowitz, but she was unable to do so.
The relationship was but one symptom of a growing conflict between Harrison's faith and her artistic sensibilities, which eventually led to a nervous breakdown. At age 22, Harrison left Bethel, and very shortly afterward she renounced her faith altogether.
Harrison found work as a publisher's secretary and became involved in the bohemian life of Greenwich Village. She had a turbulent three-year affair with an African-American jazz trumpeter whom she never publicly named. Through him, Harrison associated with many of the leading jazz musicians of the day, including Ben Webster, Billie Holiday and Frank Sinatra. "Jazzman", as Harrison called her lover in her autobiography, would come back into her life nearly 40 years later; the two would resume their affair with undiminished passion and conflict until a second, and final, break-up.
In 1960 Barbara Grizzuti married W. Dale Harrison, an aid worker for Cooperative for Assistance and Relief Everywhere (CARE). The couple spent the eight years of their marriage living in Tripoli, Mumbai, Hyderabad, India, and Chichicastenango. The Harrisons had a son, Joshua, and a daughter, Anna. They divorced in 1968, and Barbara returned to New York with the children.
First publications[edit]
By now Harrison had become involved with the women's movement, and she began writing on feminist themes for various publications. Her first book, Unlearning the Lie: Sexism in School, was published in 1969. Harrison was one of the first contributors to Ms. magazine.
Harrison became nationally known in 1978 when she published Visions of Glory: A History and a Memory of Jehovah's Witnesses, which combined childhood memoirs with a history of the Jehovah's Witness movement. Although Harrison expressed admiration for individual Witnesses and wrote sympathetically of their persecution, she portrayed the faith itself as harsh and tyrannical, racist and sexist.[2][3]
Harrison was an agnostic when she began Visions of Glory, but while writing it she experienced a spiritual epiphany and converted to Catholicism. Her conversion became the subject of the book's last chapter. Harrison drew much of her spirituality from the Catholic Worker Movement and from the medieval female mystics.
Journalism, travel writing and fiction[edit]
Harrison wrote for many of the leading periodicals of her time, including The New York Times, The Los Angeles Times, The New Republic, Harper's, The Atlantic Monthly, The Village Voice, The Nation, Ladies' Home Journal and Mother Jones magazine. Among the people she interviewed were Red Barber, Mario Cuomo, Jane Fonda, Gore Vidal, Joan Didion, Francis Ford Coppola, Nadia Comăneci, Alessandra Mussolini and Barbara Bush. Because of her background, Harrison was often asked to write about movements that were perceived to be cults; she described families affected by the Unification Church and the Northeast Kingdom Community Church, and reported on the U.S. government's deadly standoff with the Branch Davidians in Waco, Texas.
Harrison published two collections of her essays and interviews: Off Center (1980) and The Astonishing World (1992). Her 1992 Harper's essay "P.C. on the Grill", which lampooned the "philosophy" of popular TV chef The Frugal Gourmet, was included in the 1993 edition of Best American Essays.
Harrison also wrote numerous travel articles covering destinations all over the world. She published two books about her travels in Italy, Italian Days (1989) and The Islands of Italy: Sicily, Sardinia, and the Aeolian Islands (1991).
In 1984 Harrison published a novel, Foreign Bodies. She won an O. Henry Award for short fiction in 1989.
Final years[edit]
In 1994 Harrison, who had been a heavy smoker for most of her adult life, was diagnosed with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. During her illness she completed her last book, An Accidental Autobiography. As the title implied, the book was less a straightforward memoir than a stream-of-consciousness collection of memories and reflections, loosely organised by theme.
Harrison wrote little afterwards as her illness progressed. She died on 24 April 2002 in a hospice in Manhattan.
Books[edit]
Unlearning the Lie: Sexism in School (Liveright, 1969)
Visions of Glory: A History and a Memory of Jehovah's Witnesses (Simon & Schuster, 1978)
Off Center (The Dial Press, 1980)
Foreign Bodies (Doubleday, 1984)
Italian Days (Atlantic Monthly Press, 1989)
The Islands of Italy: Sicily, Sardinia, and the Aeolian Islands (Ticknor & Fields, 1991)
The Astonishing World (Ticknor & Fields, 1992)
An Accidental Autobiography (Houghton Mifflin, 1996)
References[edit]
1.Jump up ^ New York Times obituary, April 26, 2002.
2.Jump up ^ Barbara Grizzuti Harrison, Visions of Glory, Simon & Schuster, 1978, chapter 1.
3.Jump up ^ Los Angeles Times obituary, April 27, 2002.


Authority control
VIAF: 15580999 ·
 ISNI: 0000 0000 8200 5147
 




 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  


Categories: 1934 births
2002 deaths
American essayists
American women journalists
American women novelists
20th-century American novelists
American Roman Catholics
American travel writers
American people of Calabrian descent
Converts to Roman Catholicism
Converts to Roman Catholicism from atheism or agnosticism
Former Jehovah's Witnesses
American people of Italian descent
People from Queens, New York
Critics of Jehovah's Witnesses
People of Calabrian descent
Writers from New York City
Women travel writers
Women essayists
20th-century women writers






Navigation menu



Create account
Log in



Article

Talk









Read

Edit

View history

















Main page
Contents
Featured content
Current events
Random article
Donate to Wikipedia
Wikipedia store

Interaction
Help
About Wikipedia
Community portal
Recent changes
Contact page

Tools
What links here
Related changes
Upload file
Special pages
Permanent link
Page information
Wikidata item
Cite this page

Print/export
Create a book
Download as PDF
Printable version

Languages

Edit links
This page was last modified on 24 May 2015, at 05:28.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License; additional terms may apply. By using this site, you agree to the Terms of Use and Privacy Policy. Wikipedia® is a registered trademark of the Wikimedia Foundation, Inc., a non-profit organization.
Privacy policy
About Wikipedia
Disclaimers
Contact Wikipedia
Developers
Mobile view
Wikimedia Foundation
Powered by MediaWiki
 

 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barbara_Grizzuti_Harrison









Ja Rule

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Jump to: navigation, search

"Jeffery Atkins" redirects here. For the British illusionist, see Jeffery Atkins (illusionist).

Ja Rule
JaidBarrymoreJaRuleFeb05.jpg
Ja Rule with Jaid Barrymore in February 2005

Background information

Birth name
Jeffrey Atkins
Born
February 29, 1976 (age 39)
Queens, New York City, New York, U.S.
Origin
Hollis, Queens, New York, U.S.[1]
Genres
Hip hop
Occupation(s)
Rapper, singer, actor
Years active
1993–present
Labels
Mpire Music Group, Fontana Distribution (current)
Def Jam (Former)
Murder Inc. (Current)
Associated acts
DMX, Wanessa, Ashanti, Memphis Bleek, Mary J. Blige, Irv Gotti, Jay-Z, Lil Mo
Website
www.ruleyork.com
Jeffrey Atkins (born February 29, 1976),[2] better known by his stage name Ja Rule, is an American rapper, singer, and actor from Queens, New York.
Born in Hollis, Queens, he debuted in 1999 with Venni Vetti Vecci and its single "Holla Holla". From 1999 to 2005, Ja Rule had several hits that made the top 20 of the U.S. Billboard Hot 100 chart, including "Between Me and You" with Christina Milian, "I'm Real (Murder Remix)" and Ain't It Funny with Jennifer Lopez, which both topped the US Billboard Hot 100, the Grammy-nominated #1 hit, "Always on Time" with Ashanti, "Mesmerize" also with Ashanti, and "Wonderful" with R. Kelly and Ashanti. During the 2000s, Ja Rule was signed to The Inc. Records, which was formerly known as Murder Inc. and was led by Irv Gotti. Due from his hits with his fellow collaborators, Ja Rule has earned four Grammy nominations, and has earned six top-ten albums, two of which Rule 3:36 (2000) and Pain Is Love (2001), topped the US Billboard 200. He is also known for some well-publicized feuds with other rappers, in particular 50 Cent and Eminem.


Contents  [hide]
1 Early life
2 Music career 2.1 Venni Vetti Vecci (1999)
2.2 Rule 3:36 (2000)
2.3 Pain Is Love (2001)
2.4 The Last Temptation (2002)
2.5 Blood in My Eye (2003)
2.6 R.U.L.E. (2004)
2.7 Hiatus, departure from Def Jam and The Inc. Records (2005–2009)
2.8 The Mirror and Mpire Music Group (2009)
2.9 Pain Is Love 2, prison, book, television show, and Genius Loves Company (2012–present)
3 Acting career
4 Other ventures
5 Personal life 5.1 Family
5.2 Religion
5.3 Legal issues
6 Feuds 6.1 G-Unit 6.1.1 Shady/Aftermath involvement
6.2 Foxy Brown
6.3 Lil' Mo
7 Discography
8 Awards and nominations
9 Filmography
10 References
11 External links

Early life[edit]
Atkins was born in the Queens borough of New York City.[2] He was raised as a Jehovah's Witness by his mother, health care worker Debra Atkins,[3] and grandparents. When Atkins was five, his mother gave birth to a stillborn baby named Kristen, leaving him as an only child. (He talks about Kristen in the song "Daddy's Little Baby.") Atkins attended Public School 134 in Hollis, a school he has described as having a predominantly black student body. He said he got into many fights at the school because of his small size, so his mother transferred him to Middle School 172 in Glen Oaks, which he described as a "white school".[4] Atkins earned his GED in February 2012.[5]
Music career[edit]
Atkins began his rap career in 1993 with his hip hop group Cash Money Click. He told Curtis Waller of MTV News that his stage name "Ja Rule" came from a friend who addressed him by that name; other friends called him "Ja".[6] In 1995, he made his first appearance on Mic Geronimo's "Time to Build", which featured Jay-Z and DMX, who were also in their early stages of their careers. In 1998 he had signed with Def Jam, and along with Amil, he was featured on Jay-Z's hit single "Can I Get A...", for which Ja Rule wrote the hook. It was going to be a Ja Rule solo song, until Jay-Z heard the track. Allowing Ja to attend the successful Hard Knock Life Tour alongside Jay-Z, DMX, Method Man, Redman, & DJ Clue?.
Venni Vetti Vecci (1999)[edit]
Ja Rule's debut album Venni Vetti Vecci was released in 1999, peaking at number 3 on the Billboard 200 with 184,000 copies sold in its first week. It eventually reached platinum status in the US due to the popularity of the hit single, "Holla Holla", which reached #35 on the Billboard Hot 100 chart.[7][8]
Rule 3:36 (2000)[edit]
Ja Rule returned in 2000 with his new single "Between Me and You", which featured Christina Milian. "Between Me and You" would end up getting Top 40 airplay and reached number 11 on the Billboard Hot 100. The second single "Put It on Me" featuring Vita and Lil' Mo reached number 8 on the Billboard Hot 100.[7] The music video for "Put It on Me" also topped the MTV Video Countdown for a week.
The second album, Rule 3:36, was released on October 10, 2000. It debuted at number 1 on the Billboard 200 with 276,000 copies in its first week, making it Ja Rule's first number one album. The album would be certified triple platinum by the RIAA.[8]
Pain Is Love (2001)[edit]
Ja Rule released his third studio album, Pain Is Love on October 2, 2001. It is considered to be Ja Rule's most commercially successful album of his career. The album spawned three top 10 singles, two of them reaching number 1. The first single, "Livin' It Up", featuring Case, reached number 6 on the Billboard Hot 100. The second single "Always on Time", which featured Ashanti, ended up being Ja Rule's first number 1 hit to top the Billboard Hot 100.[7] The remix of Jennifer Lopez's "I'm Real" which features Ja Rule, also topped the Billboard Hot 100. Like its predecessor, Pain Is Love topped the Billboard 200 with first-week sales of 361,000 copies and was certified triple platinum by the RIAA.[8] The album would also receive a Grammy nomination in 2002 for Best Rap Album. By 2007, 3.6 million copies of Pain Is Love had been sold.[9]
The Last Temptation (2002)[edit]
The Last Temptation, Ja Rule's fourth album, was released on November 19, 2002. It featured two hit singles; "Thug Lovin'" (peaked at number 42 on the Billboard Hot 100), and "Mesmerize" another duet with Ashanti (peaked at number 2 on the Billboard Hot 100).[7] The Last Temptation debuted at number 4 on the Billboard 200 with first-week sales of 237,000 copies and was certified Platinum by the RIAA in December 2002.[8][10]
Blood in My Eye (2003)[edit]
Ja Rule's fifth album Blood in My Eye, was released on November 4, 2003 under the "Murder Inc." label, which renamed itself "The Inc." several days after the album release. The album was originally planned to be a mixtape, but Murder Inc. had ordered Ja Rule to release an album each year based on the requirements of his contract. The album was described as a "hate" album, directed at artists on G-Unit/Shady/Aftermath. It spawned one hit single, "Clap Back" which reached number 44 on the Billboard Hot 100 and had won him a Source Award for "Fat Tape" song of the year. It peaked at number 6 on the Billboard Hot 100, selling 139,000 copies in its first week of release. It has since sold over 468,000 copies in the U.S.[10] In October 2003, Ja Rule met with Minister Louis Farrakhan, who wanted to intervene and prevent escalating violence in the feud between Ja Rule and 50 Cent.[11]
R.U.L.E. (2004)[edit]
Ja Rule's sixth studio album R.U.L.E. was released in November 2004 debuting at number 7 selling 166,000 copies in its first week of release. Its lead single "Wonderful" featuring R. Kelly and Ashanti peaked at number 5 on the Billboard Hot 100. The single was followed by the street anthem "New York" featuring Fat Joe and Jadakiss which charted at number 27 on the Billboard Hot 100. The third single was the love song "Caught Up" featuring Lloyd which had failed to make an impact on the Billboard Hot 100. The RIAA certified R.U.L.E. Gold on January 14, 2005,[8] and by October 2007, the album had sold 658,000 copies, according to Nielsen SoundScan.[9]
Hiatus, departure from Def Jam and The Inc. Records (2005–2009)[edit]



 Ja Rule performing in Fort Hood, Texas, May 13, 2005
On December 6, 2005, The Inc. released Exodus, a greatest hits album whose only new tracks were the song "Me" and intro and outro tracks. Exodus was the last album on Ja Rule's contract with The Inc. After the release of this compilation, Ja Rule took a hiatus from recording music.[2]
Meanwhile, in 2005, The Inc. Records had come under investigation because of drug trades by Kenneth "Supreme" McGriff, who was associated with Irv Gotti.[12] This led to Def Jam Recordings refusing to renew The Inc.'s contract. From 2005 to 2006, Gotti searched for other labels, until finally reaching a deal with Universal Records (part of the same company as Def Jam).
The Mirror and Mpire Music Group (2009)[edit]
After leaving Murder Inc. Records in 2009, Ja Rule founded his own independent label, Mpire Music Group and recruited new artists while still maintaining friendship with Irv Gotti. The Mirror was to be Ja Rule's seventh album and set for a 2007 release date. However, due to poor reception to singles (partly believed to be due to his beef with 50 Cent), it was pushed back. Tracks from the album leaked online, leading Ja Rule to re-record the album. He eventually decided to release it as a free download in 2009.
Pain Is Love 2, prison, book, television show, and Genius Loves Company (2012–present)[edit]
In February 2011, it was announced that Ja Rule had started working on another album called Pain Is Love 2, naming it after the original 2001 triple platinum album (Pain Is Love). It was planned to have production from the producers on the original Pain Is Love album in order to "recreate magic". Most of the production would be done by 7 Aurelius (who co-produced "Down Ass Bitch"), while Irv Gotti was the executive producer of the album. He had planned on releasing it June 7, although later decided to delay the release date in order to allow more time to perfect the "level and quality of the records" and to avoid "doing an injustice to [his] fans".[13][14][15]
Pain Is Love 2 was then slated for an October 11, 2011 release, but was pushed back to February 28, 2012.[16] To make up for the delay, Ja Rule released a new track called "Falling to Pieces" which was produced by 7 Aurelius. The song samples The Script's "Breakeven".[17][18] On October 2, 2011, another track called "Spun a Web" was released, which was also produced by 7 Aurelius and samples Coldplay's "Trouble". The following day a teaser music video premiered on YouTube and the official music video was released on October 11.[19] Pain Is Love 2 was finally released on February 28, 2012, but by that time Ja Rule was serving a two-year sentence in prison for gun possession.
Also at the time Ja Rule was working on Renaissance Project which was to be a follow up album to Pain Is Love 2, however the album would eventually get scrapped. Recording sessions for the album took place primarily at Mpire Studios in NYC Studio during 2008 to 2011. Production was handled by Rule and several others, including Benzino, 7 Aurelius and Buck 3000. Most of the tracks that were originally meant for the Renaissance Project were transferred over to Pain Is Love 2.
Ja Rule was set to be released from prison on July 28, 2013, but on May 7, 2013, he was released early.[20] He then announced that a new album is on the way and he is getting offers from major labels and artists wanting to collaborate with him. N.O.R.E announced that Ja will be on a remix to one of the tracks off his latest album, Student of the Game. He is then set to go out on his "40 Days, 40 Nights" tour. He was featured on the remix to the track "She Tried" which features Lil Wayne and Birdman, which is off N.O.R.E's latest album Student of the Game. On September 18, 2013, Ja Rule released a track titled "Fresh Out Da Pen". The track had first premiered on Hot 97.[21][22] A few days later he released another new track called "Everything". Both tracks were produced by Visionary producers, Reefa and Myles William. On September 27, 2013, both of those tracks were released on iTunes for digital download.[23][24] In September 2013, it was confirmed that Ja Rule and Irv Gotti have relaunched Murder Inc Records.[25] In 2014, Ja Rule had released a memoir titled Unruly: The Highs and Lows of Becoming a Man, in which he reflects on his past struggles with a difficult adolescence in New York City and everything that followed, from breakout success and destructive rivalries to fatherhood and a two-year prison sentence.[26] In July 2014, Ja Rule announced that his ninth studio album called Genius Loves Company will be released in 2015[27][28] Also in 2014, it was announced by MTV that Ja Rule alongside his family will star in the upcoming reality show Follow the Rules which was co-produced by Queen Latifah. A sneak peak trailer of the show surfaced on the internet in September 2014 and the show is set to premiere in 2015.[29]
Acting career[edit]
Aside from rapping, Ja Rule has established a career as an actor. His first film was a buddy movie with Pras, Turn It Up; he appeared in a minor role in The Fast and the Furious. he appeared in several movies including Back in the Day with Ving Rhames and Pam Grier and Half Past Dead as Steven Seagal's co-star. He also starred in the movies The Cookout with Queen Latifah and Assault on Precinct 13. In 2013, he starred in I'm in Love with a Church Girl.
Other ventures[edit]
In May 2015, Ja Rule made his first business venture by partnering with Billy McFarland, the CEO of Magnises, a credit card service company to become the creative head and spokesman of that company[30]
Personal life[edit]
Family[edit]
In April 2001, Ja Rule married Aisha Murray.[31][31][32][33] He also has three children; Brittany (born 1995), Jeffrey Jr. (born 2000), and Jordan (born 2004).[34][35]
Religion[edit]
Ja Rule is a Christian. Ja Rule became a Christian in 2013 when he was promoting the movie I'm in Love with a Church Girl. Ja Rule has spoken about his faith saying, "I want to make sure I'm doing the right thing. I don't want people to misconstrue what I'm doing here. I'm taking baby steps, and I want to get closer to God. I feel it's something you should do in life."[36]
Legal issues[edit]
In 2003, he allegedly punched a man in Toronto, who later sued. The issue was settled out of court.[37]
In 2004, police investigated whether a feud involving The Inc. led to a fatal shooting outside a nightclub party hosted by Ja Rule and Leon Richardson where they thought he shot Proof of D12.[38][39]
On July 1, 2004, Ja Rule was arrested with Don Rhys for driving with a suspended license and possessing marijuana.[40]
In July 2007, Ja Rule was arrested for gun and drug possession charges along with Lil Wayne, and Don Rhys who served eight months in prison during 2010 for attempted possession of a weapon stemming from the arrest.[41][42][43] New York Supreme Court judge Richard Carruthers rejected Ja Rule's argument that the gun was illegally obtained evidence.[44][45] On December 13, 2010, Ja Rule received a two-year prison sentence after pleading guilty to attempted possession of a weapon after the aforementioned 2007 concert. On March 8, 2011, Ja Rule's surrender date for his two-year prison sentence was set for June 8.[46] His publicist said that Ja Rule will turn himself in to authorities. He went to Rikers Island first, then he was sent to a state facility in Upstate New York.[47]
In July 2011, Ja Rule received an additional 28-month prison sentence for tax evasion, to run concurrently with his state term, failing to pay taxes on more than $3 million in earnings between 2004–2006.[48] He was released from state prison on February 21, 2013, but was immediately taken into federal custody for the tax case, for which he had less than six months remaining on his sentence.[49] Ja Rule was held in Brooklyn's Metropolitan Detention Center and was set to be released on July 28, 2013. Ja Rule was released from prison early on May 7, 2013.[20][50]
Feuds[edit]
G-Unit[edit]
Before signing with Interscope Records, rapper 50 Cent engaged in a well-publicized feud with Ja Rule and his label Murder Inc. Records. 50 Cent claimed that the feud began in 1999 after Ja Rule spotted him with a man who robbed him of his jewelry and also because of Ja Rule "trying to be Tupac".[citation needed] However, Ja Rule claimed the conflict stemmed from a video shoot in Queens because 50 Cent did not like Ja Rule "getting so much love" from the neighborhood.[51] A confrontation occurred in a New York studio where rapper Black Child, a Murder Inc. artist, stabbed 50 Cent, which resulted in him having three stitches.[4]
In his book, 50 Cent details how Kenneth "Supreme" McGriff tried to resolve the conflict between him and Ja Rule. Allegedly, McGriff asked 50 Cent to leave them alone because of the money involved. 50 Cent insinuated the conflict had something to do with the shooting where he was ambushed and shot.
Since then, Black Child publicly insulted 50 Cent twice in "There's a Snitch in the Club", and "You the Wanksta". In both songs, Black Child details violent actions directed toward 50 Cent.[4] The exchange of insult tracks released from both parties culminated in Ja Rule releasing Blood in My Eye, which was an album that returned additional insults to 50 Cent. Ja Rule eventually tried to quash the feud with 50 Cent by using minister Louis Farrakhan in a televised interview. However, the attempt at peace lost credibility as the interview was scheduled a day before Blood in My Eye was released. As a result, most fans, along with 50 Cent, dismissed the interview as a blatant publicity stunt. Because of the ongoing feud between the two, 50 Cent's labelmates Eminem, Dr. Dre, Obie Trice, D12, DMX, and Busta Rhymes also became involved and released tracks which insulted Ja Rule.[4]
Ja Rule later released R.U.L.E. with the successful single "New York" featuring Jadakiss and Fat Joe in which Ja Rule took subliminal shots at 50 Cent. This single prompted 50 Cent to enter a feud with the two featured artists (see article on "Piggy Bank" for details).
Although it seemed that the feud was over, Ja Rule returned with a track entitled "21 Gunz".[52] In response, Lloyd Banks and 50 Cent released the track "Return of Ja Fool" on Lloyd Banks' mixtape Mo Money in the Bank Pt. 4, Gang Green Season Starts Now.[52] 50 Cent claimed in 2010 that Ja Rule's beef with him and Shady/Aftermath ruined Ja's career saying, "We just ripped the nigga apart and he hasn't and can't come back from it."
In an interview with MTV, Ja Rule stated that his album, The Mirror, would not be continuing any past feuds that he has engaged in. He said:

There was a lot of things I wanted to say, and I didn't want there to be any bitter records on the album. Because I'm not bitter about anything that happened [in the past few years].[53]
In May 2011, it was confirmed that both Ja Rule and 50 Cent ended the feud. Ja Rule said, "I'm cool. We ain't beefing no more. We'll never collaborate. That's just what it is. You don't have to be at war with somebody, but it's also kind of like U.S. and another country that they may not get along with. We don't gotta go to war, but we're not friends either. But we can coincide inside of a world. He's doing him, and he's not thinking about me, and I'm doing me and I'm not thinking about him."
In September 2013, in an interview with Angie Martinez on The Angie Martinez show on HOT 97, both Ja Rule and Murder INC CEO/ Producer Irv Gotti acknowledged 50 Cent not only took a toll on Ja Rule's prominence, but along with the Federal Indictment, damaged Murder Inc as a music label. Both Ja Rule and Irv Gotti explained an experience of when they both first heard 50 Cent's single, In Da Club, on the radio and stated the record was "so dope," they had a problem. During the interview, the duo also explained a few experiences surrounding the rap feud including being blackballed from various award shows where the feuding rapper would perform. Both rappers went on to say 50 Cent was a hustler and liked his entrepreneurial mentality and they have no problems with him 10 years on. Ja Rule plans to write a book surrounding the whole experience. [54]
Shady/Aftermath involvement[edit]
The conflict started after 50 Cent signed to Shady Records and Aftermath. Ja Rule stated that he had a problem with Eminem and Dr. Dre for signing someone he disliked.[55]
The conflict escalated when Ja Rule released "Loose Change", in which he insulted 50 Cent, called Eminem by the name "Feminem", called Dr. Dre bisexual, and claimed that Suge Knight knew of Dre "bringing transvestites home". The song also includes lyrics that insulted Eminem's family (most notably his daughter) and acquaintances.[55] After the "diss" track mentioned earlier, Eminem made the song "Go To Sleep" with Obie Trice and DMX and "Do Rae Mi" with his group D12 respectively.
Busta Rhymes joined the conflict when he was featured on the track "Hail Mary 2003" with Eminem and 50 Cent. The song, which is a remake of Tupac Shakur's song "Hail Mary", was done partially as a response to Ja Rule's remake of Tupac's song, "Pain" (re-titled "So Much Pain"). The rappers felt Ja Rule could not compare to Tupac, and so they made the track, mocking him for trying to "imitate" the deceased rap icon. Eminem prevented Ja Rule from appearing on any of the "new" Tupac songs he produced, including those on Loyal to the Game.[56]
Foxy Brown[edit]
In October 2002, rapper Foxy Brown dismissed reports of recording a track with rivals Nas and Ja Rule that was "potentially" a diss to Jay-Z.[57] During a Thanksgiving week in 2002, while on Doug Banks In the Morning, Ja Rule stated that he "[couldn't] stand Foxy Brown."[58][59] Brown reportedly heard Ja Rule's comments via a radio while she was helping her mother clean her house.[59] Going against her manager's wishes, during her own interview with Doug Banks, Brown informed Banks that she was "flabbergasted" by Rule's comments and criticized the hosts for setting her up by throwing her name in a manner like: "What do you think of Foxy?"[59] Brown further solidified that she was angry at Rule's response, primarily because she never met him.[59]
The incident provoked Brown to record the unreleased, "Get Off Me".[58][60] In the record, Brown targeted Ja Rule and Eve and lashed homophobic remarks by denouncing Rule as "a faggot ass rap dude".[58][60] In 2005, Ja Rule and his two bodyguards were initial suspects in the killing of Willie "Willie Bang Bang" Clark, whom authorities linked as a "revenge" that stemmed back to a robbery case involving Foxy Brown's brother.[61] In 2007, in the midst of Foxy Brown's indictment for assaulting a prisoner, radio hosts asked Ja Rule what his words would be toward Brown if he saw her in jail.[62] Rule responded: "Aww man. Hold ya head ma, you'll be alright. Shit."[62]
Lil' Mo[edit]
In January 2003, while co-hosting 106 & Park: Prime, singer Lil' Mo sent a shout-out to 50 Cent, just seconds after she premiered a Ja Rule video.[63] The incident sparked an outrage with Ja Rule and the Murda Inc. clique.[63] Mo had told the press she assumed BET was going to edit out the shout, furthermore she didn't think the gesture would cause such an uproar.[63] In response, Ja Rule released the diss track "Loose Change," which targeted Eminem, 50 Cent, Dr. Dre, Chris Lighty and Lil' Mo.[58][63] Rule rechristened Mo as a "bitch", and credited himself as the reason why she had any hits.[58] Mo refused to fire back, stating that she "had better things to do."[64] However, in May 2003, Mo released a freestyle diss to Ja Rule, where she rapped, "Used to be my homie, used to be my ace, now I can't stand you, yeah I wanna slap the taste out your mouth."[65]
In April 2003, additional controversy surrounding lack of recognition and payment for Lil' Mo's contributions on records "I Cry" and "Put It on Me" was brought to attention.[64] Mo told MTV News, "Those two records ["I Cry", "Put It on Me"] ruled 2001. The whole world knows that [...] If I speak the truth, I can't apologize. I helped that brother sell 3 million records, and I don’t have a plaque [for Rule 3:36]."[64] Mo went on to contrast the situation with Jay-Z, where the Brooklyn-native rapper gave Mo recognition; a plaque, a thank you card and a bottle of Cris for her work on "Parking Lot Pimpin'".[64] In 2005, Lil' Mo filed a lawsuit against Ja Rule, Murda Inc. and Def Jam Records for over $15 million.[66] In 2010, the two reconciled.[67] Lil' Mo stated that she ended the dispute due to the declination of Ja Rule's career and noted that "life is too short [...] You just never know what people are going through."[67] In 2011, the two reunited and recorded a track together titled, "U & Me".[68][69]
Discography[edit]
Main article: Ja Rule discography
Studio albums##1999: Venni Vetti Vecci
##2000: Rule 3:36
##2001: Pain Is Love
##2002: The Last Temptation
##2003: Blood in My Eye
##2004: R.U.L.E.
##2009: The Mirror
##2012: Pain Is Love 2
##2015: Genius Loves Company
Compilation albums##2005: Exodus
##2012: Icon
Awards and nominations[edit]

Year
Nominated work
Award
Result
2001 Put It on Me Source Hip-Hop Music Award - Single of the Year Won
Put It on Me MTV Video Music Awards - Best Rap Video Nominated
2002 I'm Real (Murder Remix) MTV Video Music Awards - Best Hip-Hop Video Won
Always on Time MTV Video Music Awards - Best Hip-Hop Video Nominated
Ja Rule American Music Award - Favorite Rap/Hip-Hop Artist Nominated
Put It on Me Grammy Awards - Best Rap Performance by a Duo or Group Nominated
Pain Is Love Grammy Awards - Best Rap Album Nominated
Livin' It Up Grammy Awards - Best Rap/Song Collaboration Nominated
Ja Rule World Music Awards - World's Best-Selling Rap Artist Won
Ja Rule BET Awards - Best Male Hip-Hop Artist Artist Won
Ja Rule GQ Men of the Year Award - Musician of the Year Won
Ja Rule Teen Choice Awards - Male Artist of the Year Won
Ja Rule NAACP Image Awards - for Best Rap/Hip-Hop Artist Won
Pain Is Love Soul Train Music Award - Best Rap/Soul or Rap Album of the Year Nominated
2003 Thug Lovin' Source Award - R&B/Rap Collaboration of the Year Won
Ja Rule American Music Award nomination for Favorite Hip-Hop/R&B Male Artist Nominated
Always on Time Grammy Awards nomination for Best Rap/Sung Collaboration Nominated
2004 Clap Back Source Award - Phat Tape Song of the Year Won
2009 Fly MTV Video Music Brasil - Hit do Ano (Song of the Year) Nominated
Filmography[edit]

Film

Year
Film/Television
Role
Notes
2000 Turn It Up David 'Gage' Williams Alongside Jason Statham and Pras.
2001 The Fast and the Furious Edwin Plays a supporting role as a street racer.
2002 Half Past Dead Nicolas 'Nick' Frazier Though a sequel was made, Ja Rule did not star in it.
2003 Crime Partners Hitman 
2003 Pauly Shore Is Dead Himself 
2003 Scary Movie 3 Agent Thompson Minor role
2004 The Cookout Bling Bling/Percival Assmackey 
2004 Shall We Dance Hip Hop bar performer 
2005 Back in the Day Reggie Alongside Ving Rhames
2005 Assault on Precinct 13 Smiley Supporting role
2006 South Beach Donnie Fox T.V. Series "The S.B."(episode 7)
2006 Furnace Terrence Dufresne 
2008 Ja Rule:2005 Himself A concert from his 2005 European tour, plus bonus tracks and interviews.
2009 Just Another Day Himself 
2009 Don't Fade Away Foster 
2009 Kiss and Tail: The Hollywood Jumpoff Himself[70] 
2010 Wrong Side of Town Razor Alongside wrestlers; Batista & Rob Van Dam
2012 The Cookout 2 Bling Bling Sequel to The Cookout
2013 Goat Willie Davis Post-production
2013 I'm in Love with a Church Girl Miles Montego His real son plays the younger version of himself, Miles.
References[edit]
1.Jump up ^ Ja Rule: The Road To Redemption Retrieved 2013-06-26.
2.^ Jump up to: a b c Birchmeier, Jason (2007). "AllMusic Biography". allmusic. Retrieved December 13, 2010.
3.Jump up ^ Hughes, Zondra (April 2002). Ja Rule: rap star rules hearts & charts – Jeffrey Atkins. Ebony. p. 140.
4.^ Jump up to: a b c d Farrakhan, Louis. "Ja Rule on 50 Cent, God and Hip-Hop". MTV. Retrieved 2008-12-01. "The first school I went to was all-black, PS 134. I used to fight every day, and got my ass kicked every time, so my mom figured I should be bused out — you know the busing thing in Boston? So they bused me on out to a white school, MS 172, where it was a little bit better. I didn't have any black friends there, but I learned how to deal with that situation and get along."
5.Jump up ^ "Ja Rule Earns High School Diploma Behind Bars, Says Prison is "Amazing" [Video]". The Inquisitr News. Retrieved 9 March 2015.
6.Jump up ^ Waller, Curtis (2001-02-17). "Ja Rule: Rules of the Game". MTV News. Retrieved 2008-08-17.
7.^ Jump up to: a b c d "Ja Rule: Billboard Singles". allmusic. Retrieved December 13, 2010.
8.^ Jump up to: a b c d e "Gold & Platinum: Ja Rule". RIAA. Retrieved December 13, 2010.
9.^ Jump up to: a b Mitchell, Gail (October 7, 2007). "Rapper Ja Rule releasing first album in 3 years". Reuters. Retrieved December 13, 2010.
10.^ Jump up to: a b "Ja Rule – Charts & Awards (Billboard Albums)". allmusic. Retrieved 2008-08-17.
11.Jump up ^ "Farrakhan warns hip-hop artists: Clap-back will only lead to coffins". The Final Call. 2003-11-04. Retrieved 2008-04-15.
12.Jump up ^ Rashbaum, Matthew; Sweeney (2005-12-03). "Hip-Hop Producers Get Acquittal, Then Hugs, From Jurors". The New York Times.
13.Jump up ^ "Ja Rule Working On ‘Pain Is Love Pt. 2′ « GetWrite Gossip | New Hip Hop Music, Hip Hop News, Sports, Entertainment Blog". Getwritegossip.com. 2011-02-08. Retrieved 2012-12-13.
14.Jump up ^ "Ja Rule working on "Pain is Love 2″". Hip-hopvibe.com. 2011-02-09. Retrieved 2012-12-13.
15.Jump up ^ Horowitz, Steven J. (2011-12-09). "Ja Rule Reveals Tracklist For "Pain Is Love 2," Due In 2012 | Get The Latest Hip Hop News, Rap News & Hip Hop Album Sales". HipHop DX. Retrieved 2012-12-13.
16.Jump up ^ "Pil 2: Ja Rule: Music". Amazon.com. Retrieved 2012-03-30.
17.Jump up ^ September 23, 2011 (2011-09-23). "Ja Rule - "Falling 2 Pieces" | New Music". SoulCulture. Retrieved 2012-03-30.
18.Jump up ^ » by September 23, 2011, 14:24pm (2011-09-23). "Ja Rule Releases "Falling To Pieces" [Audio". Hip-Hop Wired. Retrieved 2012-03-30.
19.Jump up ^ [1][dead link]
20.^ Jump up to: a b "JA RULE RELEASED From Prison". http://www.tmz.com/. Retrieved 2013-05-07.
21.Jump up ^ HipHopDX (18 September 2013). "Ja Rule". HipHopDX. Retrieved 9 March 2015.
22.Jump up ^ Matthew, Jacobs (September 19, 2013). "Ja Rule Is 'Fresh Out Da Pen'". Huffington Post.
23.Jump up ^ "iTunes - Music - Everything / Fresh Out da Pen - Single by Ja Rule". iTunes. Retrieved 9 March 2015.
24.Jump up ^ Anthony Wallace. "New Music: JA RULE – ‘EerrThang’ & ‘Fresh Out The Pen’ itunes download - RuleYork". New Music: JA RULE – ‘EerrThang’ & ‘Fresh Out The Pen’ itunes download - RuleYork. Retrieved 9 March 2015.
25.Jump up ^ "Irv Gotti To Relaunch Murder Inc.". Retrieved 9 March 2015.
26.Jump up ^ Samantha Grossman. "Ja Rule Book: Surprising Facts From the Rapper's Memoir, Unruly". TIME.com. Retrieved 9 March 2015.
27.Jump up ^ HipHopDX (7 July 2014). "Ja Rule Announces "Genius Loves Company" Album". HipHopDX. Retrieved 9 March 2015.
28.Jump up ^ "Ja Rule Announces New Album, Genius Loves Company". BET.com. 8 July 2014. Retrieved 9 March 2015.
29.Jump up ^ http://www.wetpaint.com/2015-04-22-ja-rule-reality-show-music/
30.Jump up ^ http://www.nylon.com/articles/the-reawakening-of-ja-rule
31.^ Jump up to: a b Hughes, Zondra (April 2002). Ja Rule: rap star rules hearts & charts – Jeffrey Atkins. Ebony. p. 142.
32.Jump up ^ Borow, Zev. "33 Things You Should Know About Ja Rule". Blender. August 2002. Retrieved 2009-03-14.
33.Jump up ^ "Life with Rapper Ja Rule, Wife, and Kids". BlackCelebrityKids. 2009-02-04. Retrieved 2009-05-24.
34.Jump up ^ "Rapper Ja Rule's Wife Aisha Murray (Photos - Pictures)". BallerWives.com. Retrieved 2012-12-13.
35.Jump up ^ "Ja Rule". IMDb.com. Retrieved 2012-12-13.
36.Jump up ^ "Ja Rule's 'Unruly' path from jail to Christianity".
37.Jump up ^ "Ja Rule apologizes for punching the man". USA Today. 2005-03-07. Retrieved 2007-09-12.
38.Jump up ^ "Police probing nightclub shooting". USA Today. 2004-12-29. Retrieved 2007-09-12.
39.Jump up ^ Weiss, Murray (2005-07-18). "Ja Rule Target of Shooting Investigation". New York Post. Retrieved 2007-09-12.
40.Jump up ^ Tavernise, Sabrina (2004-07-02). "Rapper and Tap Dancer Arrested". The New York Times. Retrieved 2009-08-01.
41.Jump up ^ Shepherd, Julianne (July 23, 2007). "Lil Wayne, Ja Rule Arrested After NY Performance". Vibe. Archived from the original on April 15, 2008.
42.Jump up ^ Brunswick, Deborah (July 23, 2007). "2 hip-hop stars arrested in New York after concert". CNN. Retrieved January 21, 2010.
43.Jump up ^ Grace, Melissa (December 13, 2010). "Rapper Ja Rule gets two year jail sentence after pleading guilty to weapon possession". New York Daily News. Retrieved December 18, 2010.
44.Jump up ^ "Judge: Gun Stays as Evidence in Ja Rule's NYC Case". ABCNews.com. Associated Press. January 20, 2010. Retrieved January 21, 2010.
45.Jump up ^ Grace, Melissa (January 20, 2010). "Judge tosses rapper Ja Rule's 'weed' plea in gun case". New York Daily News. Retrieved January 21, 2010.
46.Jump up ^ "Ja Rule to go to prison in June in NYC gun case - Entertainment - Music - TODAY.com". Today.msnbc.msn.com. Retrieved 2012-12-13.
47.Jump up ^ "Rapper Ja Rule to turn himself in for prison sentence Wednesday". CNN.com. June 8, 2011. Retrieved 2012-12-13.
48.Jump up ^ Theo Bark (19 July 2011). "Ja Rule Receives Additional Jail Time for Tax Evasion". Theboombox.com/. Retrieved 15 July 2011.
49.Jump up ^ HipHopDX (21 February 2013). "Ja Rule To Be Released From Prison In Gun Case". HipHopDX. Retrieved 9 March 2015.
50.Jump up ^ "BREAKING NEWS: JA RULE HAS BEEN RELEASED!". http://www.ruleyork.com/. Retrieved 2013-05-07.
51.Jump up ^ MTV News (3 November 2003). "Ja Rule on 50 Cent, God and Hip-Hop". MTV. Retrieved 29 July 2007.
52.^ Jump up to: a b "Hip-Hop Rumors: Kay Slay Doll, Ja Rule, Happy 1,000Th To Illseed!". Allhiphop. April 2006. Archived from the original on 2006-05-04. Retrieved 25 July 2007.
53.Jump up ^ Rodriguez, Jayson (12 July 2007). "Ja Rule Leaves Bitterness — and 50 Cent Beef — Behind on New Album". MTV. Retrieved 21 July 2007.
54.Jump up ^ "Ja Rule and 50 Cent Squash Beef". Inquisitr.com. 2011-05-30. Retrieved 2012-12-13.
55.^ Jump up to: a b "Ja Rule - Eminem's Enemies". Eminemlab.com. Retrieved 2012-03-30.
56.Jump up ^ "Eminem's Enemies, Rivals and Beefs: Ja Rule". EminemLab.com. Retrieved 2 October 2011.
57.Jump up ^ Clarke, Antoine (October 2002), "A Fox in Sheep's Clothing", F.E.D.S. 3 (10), ISBN 9780060959982
58.^ Jump up to: a b c d e Oh, Minya (23 December 2002). "Mixtape Mondays: DJ Clue". MTV News. MTV.com. Retrieved 28 March 2014.
59.^ Jump up to: a b c d "Foxy Brown- Pt 2 Doug Banks In the Morning Interview". YouTube. Retrieved 28 March 2014.
60.^ Jump up to: a b Samuel, Steven (18 December 2002). "Daily Hip-Hop News: Foxy Claws at Eve... Jay!". SOHH.com. Internet Archive Wayback Machine. Retrieved 27 March 2014.
61.Jump up ^ Weiss, Murray (18 July 2005). "HEAT ON JA RULE – EYED BY FEDS IN MIDTOWN GUN SLAY". New York Post (NYPost.com). Retrieved 28 March 2014.
62.^ Jump up to: a b "Ja Rule Speaks To the.LIFE Files Radio Show". thelifefiles.com. archive.org. Retrieved 28 March 2014.
63.^ Jump up to: a b c d J. Solomon, Akiba (July 2003), "The Big Picture", Vibe 11 (7): 110–111, ISSN 1070-4701
64.^ Jump up to: a b c d Reid, Shaheem (April 16, 2003). "Lil' Mo Wants To Drop Beef With Ja Rule And Focus On Family". MTV News. MTV.com. Retrieved May 21, 2013.
65.Jump up ^ "For The Record: Quick News On Lil' Mo And Ja Rule, Eminem, 'American Idol,' Luther Vandross, P.O.D. & More". MTV News. MTV.com. 9 May 2003. Retrieved 16 January 2014.
66.Jump up ^ Watkins, Greg (12 August 2005). "Lil' Mo Filing Lawsuit Against Ja Rule, Murder Inc. & Def Jam". AllHipHop. Retrieved 16 January 2014.
67.^ Jump up to: a b "LIL MO DOESNT HAVE A ANSWER WHY FABOLOUS WONT DO A SONG WITH HER?". Superstar Radio. YouTube. Retrieved 16 January 2014.
68.Jump up ^ "Ja Rule Ft. Lil Mo - U & Me". HipHopLead.com. 10 February 2011. Retrieved 22 January 2014.
69.Jump up ^ "Ja Rule - U & Me (Feat. Lil' Mo) (2011)". YouTube. 9 February 2011. Retrieved 16 January 2014.
70.Jump up ^ "Kiss and Tail: The Hollywood Jumpoff (Video 2009)". IMDB.com. Retrieved 2012-12-13.
External links[edit]
 Wikimedia Commons has media related to Ja Rule.
##Official website[dead link]
##Ja Rule at MTV
##Ja Rule at the Internet Movie Database


[show]
v ·
 t ·
 e
 
Ja Rule































































[show]
v ·
 t ·
 e
 
Def Jam Recordings













































































































































































Authority control
WorldCat ·
 VIAF: 69128666 ·
 LCCN: no00005979 ·
 ISNI: 0000 0001 0912 7655 ·
 GND: 135191580 ·
 BNF: cb14024557f (data) ·
 MusicBrainz: a5d27b00-1cd7-42bc-b5da-204534dd2e5b
 




 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  


Categories: 1976 births
Living people
African-American male actors
African-American male rappers
American male film actors
Former Jehovah's Witnesses
Def Jam Recordings artists
People from Queens, New York
Rappers from New York City
American hip hop singers
The Inc. Records artists
TVT Records artists
Prisoners and detainees of New York
American people convicted of drug offenses
American people convicted of fraud
World Music Awards winners
East Coast hip hop musicians
Gangsta rappers

















Navigation menu



Create account
Log in



Article

Talk









Read

Edit

View history

















Main page
Contents
Featured content
Current events
Random article
Donate to Wikipedia
Wikipedia store

Interaction
Help
About Wikipedia
Community portal
Recent changes
Contact page

Tools
What links here
Related changes
Upload file
Special pages
Permanent link
Page information
Wikidata item
Cite this page

Print/export
Create a book
Download as PDF
Printable version

Languages
العربية
Čeština
Dansk
Deutsch
Español
Français
Frysk
한국어
Hrvatski
Bahasa Indonesia
Italiano
עברית
Kiswahili
Latviešu
Nederlands
日本語
Norsk bokmål
Polski
Português
Română
Русский
Simple English
Suomi
Svenska
ไทย
Türkçe
Edit links
This page was last modified on 1 June 2015, at 14:32.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License; additional terms may apply. By using this site, you agree to the Terms of Use and Privacy Policy. Wikipedia® is a registered trademark of the Wikimedia Foundation, Inc., a non-profit organization.
Privacy policy
About Wikipedia
Disclaimers
Contact Wikipedia
Developers
Mobile view
Wikimedia Foundation
Powered by MediaWiki
 

 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ja_Rule








Ja Rule

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Jump to: navigation, search

"Jeffery Atkins" redirects here. For the British illusionist, see Jeffery Atkins (illusionist).

Ja Rule
JaidBarrymoreJaRuleFeb05.jpg
Ja Rule with Jaid Barrymore in February 2005

Background information

Birth name
Jeffrey Atkins
Born
February 29, 1976 (age 39)
Queens, New York City, New York, U.S.
Origin
Hollis, Queens, New York, U.S.[1]
Genres
Hip hop
Occupation(s)
Rapper, singer, actor
Years active
1993–present
Labels
Mpire Music Group, Fontana Distribution (current)
Def Jam (Former)
Murder Inc. (Current)
Associated acts
DMX, Wanessa, Ashanti, Memphis Bleek, Mary J. Blige, Irv Gotti, Jay-Z, Lil Mo
Website
www.ruleyork.com
Jeffrey Atkins (born February 29, 1976),[2] better known by his stage name Ja Rule, is an American rapper, singer, and actor from Queens, New York.
Born in Hollis, Queens, he debuted in 1999 with Venni Vetti Vecci and its single "Holla Holla". From 1999 to 2005, Ja Rule had several hits that made the top 20 of the U.S. Billboard Hot 100 chart, including "Between Me and You" with Christina Milian, "I'm Real (Murder Remix)" and Ain't It Funny with Jennifer Lopez, which both topped the US Billboard Hot 100, the Grammy-nominated #1 hit, "Always on Time" with Ashanti, "Mesmerize" also with Ashanti, and "Wonderful" with R. Kelly and Ashanti. During the 2000s, Ja Rule was signed to The Inc. Records, which was formerly known as Murder Inc. and was led by Irv Gotti. Due from his hits with his fellow collaborators, Ja Rule has earned four Grammy nominations, and has earned six top-ten albums, two of which Rule 3:36 (2000) and Pain Is Love (2001), topped the US Billboard 200. He is also known for some well-publicized feuds with other rappers, in particular 50 Cent and Eminem.


Contents  [hide]
1 Early life
2 Music career 2.1 Venni Vetti Vecci (1999)
2.2 Rule 3:36 (2000)
2.3 Pain Is Love (2001)
2.4 The Last Temptation (2002)
2.5 Blood in My Eye (2003)
2.6 R.U.L.E. (2004)
2.7 Hiatus, departure from Def Jam and The Inc. Records (2005–2009)
2.8 The Mirror and Mpire Music Group (2009)
2.9 Pain Is Love 2, prison, book, television show, and Genius Loves Company (2012–present)
3 Acting career
4 Other ventures
5 Personal life 5.1 Family
5.2 Religion
5.3 Legal issues
6 Feuds 6.1 G-Unit 6.1.1 Shady/Aftermath involvement
6.2 Foxy Brown
6.3 Lil' Mo
7 Discography
8 Awards and nominations
9 Filmography
10 References
11 External links

Early life[edit]
Atkins was born in the Queens borough of New York City.[2] He was raised as a Jehovah's Witness by his mother, health care worker Debra Atkins,[3] and grandparents. When Atkins was five, his mother gave birth to a stillborn baby named Kristen, leaving him as an only child. (He talks about Kristen in the song "Daddy's Little Baby.") Atkins attended Public School 134 in Hollis, a school he has described as having a predominantly black student body. He said he got into many fights at the school because of his small size, so his mother transferred him to Middle School 172 in Glen Oaks, which he described as a "white school".[4] Atkins earned his GED in February 2012.[5]
Music career[edit]
Atkins began his rap career in 1993 with his hip hop group Cash Money Click. He told Curtis Waller of MTV News that his stage name "Ja Rule" came from a friend who addressed him by that name; other friends called him "Ja".[6] In 1995, he made his first appearance on Mic Geronimo's "Time to Build", which featured Jay-Z and DMX, who were also in their early stages of their careers. In 1998 he had signed with Def Jam, and along with Amil, he was featured on Jay-Z's hit single "Can I Get A...", for which Ja Rule wrote the hook. It was going to be a Ja Rule solo song, until Jay-Z heard the track. Allowing Ja to attend the successful Hard Knock Life Tour alongside Jay-Z, DMX, Method Man, Redman, & DJ Clue?.
Venni Vetti Vecci (1999)[edit]
Ja Rule's debut album Venni Vetti Vecci was released in 1999, peaking at number 3 on the Billboard 200 with 184,000 copies sold in its first week. It eventually reached platinum status in the US due to the popularity of the hit single, "Holla Holla", which reached #35 on the Billboard Hot 100 chart.[7][8]
Rule 3:36 (2000)[edit]
Ja Rule returned in 2000 with his new single "Between Me and You", which featured Christina Milian. "Between Me and You" would end up getting Top 40 airplay and reached number 11 on the Billboard Hot 100. The second single "Put It on Me" featuring Vita and Lil' Mo reached number 8 on the Billboard Hot 100.[7] The music video for "Put It on Me" also topped the MTV Video Countdown for a week.
The second album, Rule 3:36, was released on October 10, 2000. It debuted at number 1 on the Billboard 200 with 276,000 copies in its first week, making it Ja Rule's first number one album. The album would be certified triple platinum by the RIAA.[8]
Pain Is Love (2001)[edit]
Ja Rule released his third studio album, Pain Is Love on October 2, 2001. It is considered to be Ja Rule's most commercially successful album of his career. The album spawned three top 10 singles, two of them reaching number 1. The first single, "Livin' It Up", featuring Case, reached number 6 on the Billboard Hot 100. The second single "Always on Time", which featured Ashanti, ended up being Ja Rule's first number 1 hit to top the Billboard Hot 100.[7] The remix of Jennifer Lopez's "I'm Real" which features Ja Rule, also topped the Billboard Hot 100. Like its predecessor, Pain Is Love topped the Billboard 200 with first-week sales of 361,000 copies and was certified triple platinum by the RIAA.[8] The album would also receive a Grammy nomination in 2002 for Best Rap Album. By 2007, 3.6 million copies of Pain Is Love had been sold.[9]
The Last Temptation (2002)[edit]
The Last Temptation, Ja Rule's fourth album, was released on November 19, 2002. It featured two hit singles; "Thug Lovin'" (peaked at number 42 on the Billboard Hot 100), and "Mesmerize" another duet with Ashanti (peaked at number 2 on the Billboard Hot 100).[7] The Last Temptation debuted at number 4 on the Billboard 200 with first-week sales of 237,000 copies and was certified Platinum by the RIAA in December 2002.[8][10]
Blood in My Eye (2003)[edit]
Ja Rule's fifth album Blood in My Eye, was released on November 4, 2003 under the "Murder Inc." label, which renamed itself "The Inc." several days after the album release. The album was originally planned to be a mixtape, but Murder Inc. had ordered Ja Rule to release an album each year based on the requirements of his contract. The album was described as a "hate" album, directed at artists on G-Unit/Shady/Aftermath. It spawned one hit single, "Clap Back" which reached number 44 on the Billboard Hot 100 and had won him a Source Award for "Fat Tape" song of the year. It peaked at number 6 on the Billboard Hot 100, selling 139,000 copies in its first week of release. It has since sold over 468,000 copies in the U.S.[10] In October 2003, Ja Rule met with Minister Louis Farrakhan, who wanted to intervene and prevent escalating violence in the feud between Ja Rule and 50 Cent.[11]
R.U.L.E. (2004)[edit]
Ja Rule's sixth studio album R.U.L.E. was released in November 2004 debuting at number 7 selling 166,000 copies in its first week of release. Its lead single "Wonderful" featuring R. Kelly and Ashanti peaked at number 5 on the Billboard Hot 100. The single was followed by the street anthem "New York" featuring Fat Joe and Jadakiss which charted at number 27 on the Billboard Hot 100. The third single was the love song "Caught Up" featuring Lloyd which had failed to make an impact on the Billboard Hot 100. The RIAA certified R.U.L.E. Gold on January 14, 2005,[8] and by October 2007, the album had sold 658,000 copies, according to Nielsen SoundScan.[9]
Hiatus, departure from Def Jam and The Inc. Records (2005–2009)[edit]



 Ja Rule performing in Fort Hood, Texas, May 13, 2005
On December 6, 2005, The Inc. released Exodus, a greatest hits album whose only new tracks were the song "Me" and intro and outro tracks. Exodus was the last album on Ja Rule's contract with The Inc. After the release of this compilation, Ja Rule took a hiatus from recording music.[2]
Meanwhile, in 2005, The Inc. Records had come under investigation because of drug trades by Kenneth "Supreme" McGriff, who was associated with Irv Gotti.[12] This led to Def Jam Recordings refusing to renew The Inc.'s contract. From 2005 to 2006, Gotti searched for other labels, until finally reaching a deal with Universal Records (part of the same company as Def Jam).
The Mirror and Mpire Music Group (2009)[edit]
After leaving Murder Inc. Records in 2009, Ja Rule founded his own independent label, Mpire Music Group and recruited new artists while still maintaining friendship with Irv Gotti. The Mirror was to be Ja Rule's seventh album and set for a 2007 release date. However, due to poor reception to singles (partly believed to be due to his beef with 50 Cent), it was pushed back. Tracks from the album leaked online, leading Ja Rule to re-record the album. He eventually decided to release it as a free download in 2009.
Pain Is Love 2, prison, book, television show, and Genius Loves Company (2012–present)[edit]
In February 2011, it was announced that Ja Rule had started working on another album called Pain Is Love 2, naming it after the original 2001 triple platinum album (Pain Is Love). It was planned to have production from the producers on the original Pain Is Love album in order to "recreate magic". Most of the production would be done by 7 Aurelius (who co-produced "Down Ass Bitch"), while Irv Gotti was the executive producer of the album. He had planned on releasing it June 7, although later decided to delay the release date in order to allow more time to perfect the "level and quality of the records" and to avoid "doing an injustice to [his] fans".[13][14][15]
Pain Is Love 2 was then slated for an October 11, 2011 release, but was pushed back to February 28, 2012.[16] To make up for the delay, Ja Rule released a new track called "Falling to Pieces" which was produced by 7 Aurelius. The song samples The Script's "Breakeven".[17][18] On October 2, 2011, another track called "Spun a Web" was released, which was also produced by 7 Aurelius and samples Coldplay's "Trouble". The following day a teaser music video premiered on YouTube and the official music video was released on October 11.[19] Pain Is Love 2 was finally released on February 28, 2012, but by that time Ja Rule was serving a two-year sentence in prison for gun possession.
Also at the time Ja Rule was working on Renaissance Project which was to be a follow up album to Pain Is Love 2, however the album would eventually get scrapped. Recording sessions for the album took place primarily at Mpire Studios in NYC Studio during 2008 to 2011. Production was handled by Rule and several others, including Benzino, 7 Aurelius and Buck 3000. Most of the tracks that were originally meant for the Renaissance Project were transferred over to Pain Is Love 2.
Ja Rule was set to be released from prison on July 28, 2013, but on May 7, 2013, he was released early.[20] He then announced that a new album is on the way and he is getting offers from major labels and artists wanting to collaborate with him. N.O.R.E announced that Ja will be on a remix to one of the tracks off his latest album, Student of the Game. He is then set to go out on his "40 Days, 40 Nights" tour. He was featured on the remix to the track "She Tried" which features Lil Wayne and Birdman, which is off N.O.R.E's latest album Student of the Game. On September 18, 2013, Ja Rule released a track titled "Fresh Out Da Pen". The track had first premiered on Hot 97.[21][22] A few days later he released another new track called "Everything". Both tracks were produced by Visionary producers, Reefa and Myles William. On September 27, 2013, both of those tracks were released on iTunes for digital download.[23][24] In September 2013, it was confirmed that Ja Rule and Irv Gotti have relaunched Murder Inc Records.[25] In 2014, Ja Rule had released a memoir titled Unruly: The Highs and Lows of Becoming a Man, in which he reflects on his past struggles with a difficult adolescence in New York City and everything that followed, from breakout success and destructive rivalries to fatherhood and a two-year prison sentence.[26] In July 2014, Ja Rule announced that his ninth studio album called Genius Loves Company will be released in 2015[27][28] Also in 2014, it was announced by MTV that Ja Rule alongside his family will star in the upcoming reality show Follow the Rules which was co-produced by Queen Latifah. A sneak peak trailer of the show surfaced on the internet in September 2014 and the show is set to premiere in 2015.[29]
Acting career[edit]
Aside from rapping, Ja Rule has established a career as an actor. His first film was a buddy movie with Pras, Turn It Up; he appeared in a minor role in The Fast and the Furious. he appeared in several movies including Back in the Day with Ving Rhames and Pam Grier and Half Past Dead as Steven Seagal's co-star. He also starred in the movies The Cookout with Queen Latifah and Assault on Precinct 13. In 2013, he starred in I'm in Love with a Church Girl.
Other ventures[edit]
In May 2015, Ja Rule made his first business venture by partnering with Billy McFarland, the CEO of Magnises, a credit card service company to become the creative head and spokesman of that company[30]
Personal life[edit]
Family[edit]
In April 2001, Ja Rule married Aisha Murray.[31][31][32][33] He also has three children; Brittany (born 1995), Jeffrey Jr. (born 2000), and Jordan (born 2004).[34][35]
Religion[edit]
Ja Rule is a Christian. Ja Rule became a Christian in 2013 when he was promoting the movie I'm in Love with a Church Girl. Ja Rule has spoken about his faith saying, "I want to make sure I'm doing the right thing. I don't want people to misconstrue what I'm doing here. I'm taking baby steps, and I want to get closer to God. I feel it's something you should do in life."[36]
Legal issues[edit]
In 2003, he allegedly punched a man in Toronto, who later sued. The issue was settled out of court.[37]
In 2004, police investigated whether a feud involving The Inc. led to a fatal shooting outside a nightclub party hosted by Ja Rule and Leon Richardson where they thought he shot Proof of D12.[38][39]
On July 1, 2004, Ja Rule was arrested with Don Rhys for driving with a suspended license and possessing marijuana.[40]
In July 2007, Ja Rule was arrested for gun and drug possession charges along with Lil Wayne, and Don Rhys who served eight months in prison during 2010 for attempted possession of a weapon stemming from the arrest.[41][42][43] New York Supreme Court judge Richard Carruthers rejected Ja Rule's argument that the gun was illegally obtained evidence.[44][45] On December 13, 2010, Ja Rule received a two-year prison sentence after pleading guilty to attempted possession of a weapon after the aforementioned 2007 concert. On March 8, 2011, Ja Rule's surrender date for his two-year prison sentence was set for June 8.[46] His publicist said that Ja Rule will turn himself in to authorities. He went to Rikers Island first, then he was sent to a state facility in Upstate New York.[47]
In July 2011, Ja Rule received an additional 28-month prison sentence for tax evasion, to run concurrently with his state term, failing to pay taxes on more than $3 million in earnings between 2004–2006.[48] He was released from state prison on February 21, 2013, but was immediately taken into federal custody for the tax case, for which he had less than six months remaining on his sentence.[49] Ja Rule was held in Brooklyn's Metropolitan Detention Center and was set to be released on July 28, 2013. Ja Rule was released from prison early on May 7, 2013.[20][50]
Feuds[edit]
G-Unit[edit]
Before signing with Interscope Records, rapper 50 Cent engaged in a well-publicized feud with Ja Rule and his label Murder Inc. Records. 50 Cent claimed that the feud began in 1999 after Ja Rule spotted him with a man who robbed him of his jewelry and also because of Ja Rule "trying to be Tupac".[citation needed] However, Ja Rule claimed the conflict stemmed from a video shoot in Queens because 50 Cent did not like Ja Rule "getting so much love" from the neighborhood.[51] A confrontation occurred in a New York studio where rapper Black Child, a Murder Inc. artist, stabbed 50 Cent, which resulted in him having three stitches.[4]
In his book, 50 Cent details how Kenneth "Supreme" McGriff tried to resolve the conflict between him and Ja Rule. Allegedly, McGriff asked 50 Cent to leave them alone because of the money involved. 50 Cent insinuated the conflict had something to do with the shooting where he was ambushed and shot.
Since then, Black Child publicly insulted 50 Cent twice in "There's a Snitch in the Club", and "You the Wanksta". In both songs, Black Child details violent actions directed toward 50 Cent.[4] The exchange of insult tracks released from both parties culminated in Ja Rule releasing Blood in My Eye, which was an album that returned additional insults to 50 Cent. Ja Rule eventually tried to quash the feud with 50 Cent by using minister Louis Farrakhan in a televised interview. However, the attempt at peace lost credibility as the interview was scheduled a day before Blood in My Eye was released. As a result, most fans, along with 50 Cent, dismissed the interview as a blatant publicity stunt. Because of the ongoing feud between the two, 50 Cent's labelmates Eminem, Dr. Dre, Obie Trice, D12, DMX, and Busta Rhymes also became involved and released tracks which insulted Ja Rule.[4]
Ja Rule later released R.U.L.E. with the successful single "New York" featuring Jadakiss and Fat Joe in which Ja Rule took subliminal shots at 50 Cent. This single prompted 50 Cent to enter a feud with the two featured artists (see article on "Piggy Bank" for details).
Although it seemed that the feud was over, Ja Rule returned with a track entitled "21 Gunz".[52] In response, Lloyd Banks and 50 Cent released the track "Return of Ja Fool" on Lloyd Banks' mixtape Mo Money in the Bank Pt. 4, Gang Green Season Starts Now.[52] 50 Cent claimed in 2010 that Ja Rule's beef with him and Shady/Aftermath ruined Ja's career saying, "We just ripped the nigga apart and he hasn't and can't come back from it."
In an interview with MTV, Ja Rule stated that his album, The Mirror, would not be continuing any past feuds that he has engaged in. He said:

There was a lot of things I wanted to say, and I didn't want there to be any bitter records on the album. Because I'm not bitter about anything that happened [in the past few years].[53]
In May 2011, it was confirmed that both Ja Rule and 50 Cent ended the feud. Ja Rule said, "I'm cool. We ain't beefing no more. We'll never collaborate. That's just what it is. You don't have to be at war with somebody, but it's also kind of like U.S. and another country that they may not get along with. We don't gotta go to war, but we're not friends either. But we can coincide inside of a world. He's doing him, and he's not thinking about me, and I'm doing me and I'm not thinking about him."
In September 2013, in an interview with Angie Martinez on The Angie Martinez show on HOT 97, both Ja Rule and Murder INC CEO/ Producer Irv Gotti acknowledged 50 Cent not only took a toll on Ja Rule's prominence, but along with the Federal Indictment, damaged Murder Inc as a music label. Both Ja Rule and Irv Gotti explained an experience of when they both first heard 50 Cent's single, In Da Club, on the radio and stated the record was "so dope," they had a problem. During the interview, the duo also explained a few experiences surrounding the rap feud including being blackballed from various award shows where the feuding rapper would perform. Both rappers went on to say 50 Cent was a hustler and liked his entrepreneurial mentality and they have no problems with him 10 years on. Ja Rule plans to write a book surrounding the whole experience. [54]
Shady/Aftermath involvement[edit]
The conflict started after 50 Cent signed to Shady Records and Aftermath. Ja Rule stated that he had a problem with Eminem and Dr. Dre for signing someone he disliked.[55]
The conflict escalated when Ja Rule released "Loose Change", in which he insulted 50 Cent, called Eminem by the name "Feminem", called Dr. Dre bisexual, and claimed that Suge Knight knew of Dre "bringing transvestites home". The song also includes lyrics that insulted Eminem's family (most notably his daughter) and acquaintances.[55] After the "diss" track mentioned earlier, Eminem made the song "Go To Sleep" with Obie Trice and DMX and "Do Rae Mi" with his group D12 respectively.
Busta Rhymes joined the conflict when he was featured on the track "Hail Mary 2003" with Eminem and 50 Cent. The song, which is a remake of Tupac Shakur's song "Hail Mary", was done partially as a response to Ja Rule's remake of Tupac's song, "Pain" (re-titled "So Much Pain"). The rappers felt Ja Rule could not compare to Tupac, and so they made the track, mocking him for trying to "imitate" the deceased rap icon. Eminem prevented Ja Rule from appearing on any of the "new" Tupac songs he produced, including those on Loyal to the Game.[56]
Foxy Brown[edit]
In October 2002, rapper Foxy Brown dismissed reports of recording a track with rivals Nas and Ja Rule that was "potentially" a diss to Jay-Z.[57] During a Thanksgiving week in 2002, while on Doug Banks In the Morning, Ja Rule stated that he "[couldn't] stand Foxy Brown."[58][59] Brown reportedly heard Ja Rule's comments via a radio while she was helping her mother clean her house.[59] Going against her manager's wishes, during her own interview with Doug Banks, Brown informed Banks that she was "flabbergasted" by Rule's comments and criticized the hosts for setting her up by throwing her name in a manner like: "What do you think of Foxy?"[59] Brown further solidified that she was angry at Rule's response, primarily because she never met him.[59]
The incident provoked Brown to record the unreleased, "Get Off Me".[58][60] In the record, Brown targeted Ja Rule and Eve and lashed homophobic remarks by denouncing Rule as "a faggot ass rap dude".[58][60] In 2005, Ja Rule and his two bodyguards were initial suspects in the killing of Willie "Willie Bang Bang" Clark, whom authorities linked as a "revenge" that stemmed back to a robbery case involving Foxy Brown's brother.[61] In 2007, in the midst of Foxy Brown's indictment for assaulting a prisoner, radio hosts asked Ja Rule what his words would be toward Brown if he saw her in jail.[62] Rule responded: "Aww man. Hold ya head ma, you'll be alright. Shit."[62]
Lil' Mo[edit]
In January 2003, while co-hosting 106 & Park: Prime, singer Lil' Mo sent a shout-out to 50 Cent, just seconds after she premiered a Ja Rule video.[63] The incident sparked an outrage with Ja Rule and the Murda Inc. clique.[63] Mo had told the press she assumed BET was going to edit out the shout, furthermore she didn't think the gesture would cause such an uproar.[63] In response, Ja Rule released the diss track "Loose Change," which targeted Eminem, 50 Cent, Dr. Dre, Chris Lighty and Lil' Mo.[58][63] Rule rechristened Mo as a "bitch", and credited himself as the reason why she had any hits.[58] Mo refused to fire back, stating that she "had better things to do."[64] However, in May 2003, Mo released a freestyle diss to Ja Rule, where she rapped, "Used to be my homie, used to be my ace, now I can't stand you, yeah I wanna slap the taste out your mouth."[65]
In April 2003, additional controversy surrounding lack of recognition and payment for Lil' Mo's contributions on records "I Cry" and "Put It on Me" was brought to attention.[64] Mo told MTV News, "Those two records ["I Cry", "Put It on Me"] ruled 2001. The whole world knows that [...] If I speak the truth, I can't apologize. I helped that brother sell 3 million records, and I don’t have a plaque [for Rule 3:36]."[64] Mo went on to contrast the situation with Jay-Z, where the Brooklyn-native rapper gave Mo recognition; a plaque, a thank you card and a bottle of Cris for her work on "Parking Lot Pimpin'".[64] In 2005, Lil' Mo filed a lawsuit against Ja Rule, Murda Inc. and Def Jam Records for over $15 million.[66] In 2010, the two reconciled.[67] Lil' Mo stated that she ended the dispute due to the declination of Ja Rule's career and noted that "life is too short [...] You just never know what people are going through."[67] In 2011, the two reunited and recorded a track together titled, "U & Me".[68][69]
Discography[edit]
Main article: Ja Rule discography
Studio albums##1999: Venni Vetti Vecci
##2000: Rule 3:36
##2001: Pain Is Love
##2002: The Last Temptation
##2003: Blood in My Eye
##2004: R.U.L.E.
##2009: The Mirror
##2012: Pain Is Love 2
##2015: Genius Loves Company
Compilation albums##2005: Exodus
##2012: Icon
Awards and nominations[edit]

Year
Nominated work
Award
Result
2001 Put It on Me Source Hip-Hop Music Award - Single of the Year Won
Put It on Me MTV Video Music Awards - Best Rap Video Nominated
2002 I'm Real (Murder Remix) MTV Video Music Awards - Best Hip-Hop Video Won
Always on Time MTV Video Music Awards - Best Hip-Hop Video Nominated
Ja Rule American Music Award - Favorite Rap/Hip-Hop Artist Nominated
Put It on Me Grammy Awards - Best Rap Performance by a Duo or Group Nominated
Pain Is Love Grammy Awards - Best Rap Album Nominated
Livin' It Up Grammy Awards - Best Rap/Song Collaboration Nominated
Ja Rule World Music Awards - World's Best-Selling Rap Artist Won
Ja Rule BET Awards - Best Male Hip-Hop Artist Artist Won
Ja Rule GQ Men of the Year Award - Musician of the Year Won
Ja Rule Teen Choice Awards - Male Artist of the Year Won
Ja Rule NAACP Image Awards - for Best Rap/Hip-Hop Artist Won
Pain Is Love Soul Train Music Award - Best Rap/Soul or Rap Album of the Year Nominated
2003 Thug Lovin' Source Award - R&B/Rap Collaboration of the Year Won
Ja Rule American Music Award nomination for Favorite Hip-Hop/R&B Male Artist Nominated
Always on Time Grammy Awards nomination for Best Rap/Sung Collaboration Nominated
2004 Clap Back Source Award - Phat Tape Song of the Year Won
2009 Fly MTV Video Music Brasil - Hit do Ano (Song of the Year) Nominated
Filmography[edit]

Film

Year
Film/Television
Role
Notes
2000 Turn It Up David 'Gage' Williams Alongside Jason Statham and Pras.
2001 The Fast and the Furious Edwin Plays a supporting role as a street racer.
2002 Half Past Dead Nicolas 'Nick' Frazier Though a sequel was made, Ja Rule did not star in it.
2003 Crime Partners Hitman 
2003 Pauly Shore Is Dead Himself 
2003 Scary Movie 3 Agent Thompson Minor role
2004 The Cookout Bling Bling/Percival Assmackey 
2004 Shall We Dance Hip Hop bar performer 
2005 Back in the Day Reggie Alongside Ving Rhames
2005 Assault on Precinct 13 Smiley Supporting role
2006 South Beach Donnie Fox T.V. Series "The S.B."(episode 7)
2006 Furnace Terrence Dufresne 
2008 Ja Rule:2005 Himself A concert from his 2005 European tour, plus bonus tracks and interviews.
2009 Just Another Day Himself 
2009 Don't Fade Away Foster 
2009 Kiss and Tail: The Hollywood Jumpoff Himself[70] 
2010 Wrong Side of Town Razor Alongside wrestlers; Batista & Rob Van Dam
2012 The Cookout 2 Bling Bling Sequel to The Cookout
2013 Goat Willie Davis Post-production
2013 I'm in Love with a Church Girl Miles Montego His real son plays the younger version of himself, Miles.
References[edit]
1.Jump up ^ Ja Rule: The Road To Redemption Retrieved 2013-06-26.
2.^ Jump up to: a b c Birchmeier, Jason (2007). "AllMusic Biography". allmusic. Retrieved December 13, 2010.
3.Jump up ^ Hughes, Zondra (April 2002). Ja Rule: rap star rules hearts & charts – Jeffrey Atkins. Ebony. p. 140.
4.^ Jump up to: a b c d Farrakhan, Louis. "Ja Rule on 50 Cent, God and Hip-Hop". MTV. Retrieved 2008-12-01. "The first school I went to was all-black, PS 134. I used to fight every day, and got my ass kicked every time, so my mom figured I should be bused out — you know the busing thing in Boston? So they bused me on out to a white school, MS 172, where it was a little bit better. I didn't have any black friends there, but I learned how to deal with that situation and get along."
5.Jump up ^ "Ja Rule Earns High School Diploma Behind Bars, Says Prison is "Amazing" [Video]". The Inquisitr News. Retrieved 9 March 2015.
6.Jump up ^ Waller, Curtis (2001-02-17). "Ja Rule: Rules of the Game". MTV News. Retrieved 2008-08-17.
7.^ Jump up to: a b c d "Ja Rule: Billboard Singles". allmusic. Retrieved December 13, 2010.
8.^ Jump up to: a b c d e "Gold & Platinum: Ja Rule". RIAA. Retrieved December 13, 2010.
9.^ Jump up to: a b Mitchell, Gail (October 7, 2007). "Rapper Ja Rule releasing first album in 3 years". Reuters. Retrieved December 13, 2010.
10.^ Jump up to: a b "Ja Rule – Charts & Awards (Billboard Albums)". allmusic. Retrieved 2008-08-17.
11.Jump up ^ "Farrakhan warns hip-hop artists: Clap-back will only lead to coffins". The Final Call. 2003-11-04. Retrieved 2008-04-15.
12.Jump up ^ Rashbaum, Matthew; Sweeney (2005-12-03). "Hip-Hop Producers Get Acquittal, Then Hugs, From Jurors". The New York Times.
13.Jump up ^ "Ja Rule Working On ‘Pain Is Love Pt. 2′ « GetWrite Gossip | New Hip Hop Music, Hip Hop News, Sports, Entertainment Blog". Getwritegossip.com. 2011-02-08. Retrieved 2012-12-13.
14.Jump up ^ "Ja Rule working on "Pain is Love 2″". Hip-hopvibe.com. 2011-02-09. Retrieved 2012-12-13.
15.Jump up ^ Horowitz, Steven J. (2011-12-09). "Ja Rule Reveals Tracklist For "Pain Is Love 2," Due In 2012 | Get The Latest Hip Hop News, Rap News & Hip Hop Album Sales". HipHop DX. Retrieved 2012-12-13.
16.Jump up ^ "Pil 2: Ja Rule: Music". Amazon.com. Retrieved 2012-03-30.
17.Jump up ^ September 23, 2011 (2011-09-23). "Ja Rule - "Falling 2 Pieces" | New Music". SoulCulture. Retrieved 2012-03-30.
18.Jump up ^ » by September 23, 2011, 14:24pm (2011-09-23). "Ja Rule Releases "Falling To Pieces" [Audio". Hip-Hop Wired. Retrieved 2012-03-30.
19.Jump up ^ [1][dead link]
20.^ Jump up to: a b "JA RULE RELEASED From Prison". http://www.tmz.com/. Retrieved 2013-05-07.
21.Jump up ^ HipHopDX (18 September 2013). "Ja Rule". HipHopDX. Retrieved 9 March 2015.
22.Jump up ^ Matthew, Jacobs (September 19, 2013). "Ja Rule Is 'Fresh Out Da Pen'". Huffington Post.
23.Jump up ^ "iTunes - Music - Everything / Fresh Out da Pen - Single by Ja Rule". iTunes. Retrieved 9 March 2015.
24.Jump up ^ Anthony Wallace. "New Music: JA RULE – ‘EerrThang’ & ‘Fresh Out The Pen’ itunes download - RuleYork". New Music: JA RULE – ‘EerrThang’ & ‘Fresh Out The Pen’ itunes download - RuleYork. Retrieved 9 March 2015.
25.Jump up ^ "Irv Gotti To Relaunch Murder Inc.". Retrieved 9 March 2015.
26.Jump up ^ Samantha Grossman. "Ja Rule Book: Surprising Facts From the Rapper's Memoir, Unruly". TIME.com. Retrieved 9 March 2015.
27.Jump up ^ HipHopDX (7 July 2014). "Ja Rule Announces "Genius Loves Company" Album". HipHopDX. Retrieved 9 March 2015.
28.Jump up ^ "Ja Rule Announces New Album, Genius Loves Company". BET.com. 8 July 2014. Retrieved 9 March 2015.
29.Jump up ^ http://www.wetpaint.com/2015-04-22-ja-rule-reality-show-music/
30.Jump up ^ http://www.nylon.com/articles/the-reawakening-of-ja-rule
31.^ Jump up to: a b Hughes, Zondra (April 2002). Ja Rule: rap star rules hearts & charts – Jeffrey Atkins. Ebony. p. 142.
32.Jump up ^ Borow, Zev. "33 Things You Should Know About Ja Rule". Blender. August 2002. Retrieved 2009-03-14.
33.Jump up ^ "Life with Rapper Ja Rule, Wife, and Kids". BlackCelebrityKids. 2009-02-04. Retrieved 2009-05-24.
34.Jump up ^ "Rapper Ja Rule's Wife Aisha Murray (Photos - Pictures)". BallerWives.com. Retrieved 2012-12-13.
35.Jump up ^ "Ja Rule". IMDb.com. Retrieved 2012-12-13.
36.Jump up ^ "Ja Rule's 'Unruly' path from jail to Christianity".
37.Jump up ^ "Ja Rule apologizes for punching the man". USA Today. 2005-03-07. Retrieved 2007-09-12.
38.Jump up ^ "Police probing nightclub shooting". USA Today. 2004-12-29. Retrieved 2007-09-12.
39.Jump up ^ Weiss, Murray (2005-07-18). "Ja Rule Target of Shooting Investigation". New York Post. Retrieved 2007-09-12.
40.Jump up ^ Tavernise, Sabrina (2004-07-02). "Rapper and Tap Dancer Arrested". The New York Times. Retrieved 2009-08-01.
41.Jump up ^ Shepherd, Julianne (July 23, 2007). "Lil Wayne, Ja Rule Arrested After NY Performance". Vibe. Archived from the original on April 15, 2008.
42.Jump up ^ Brunswick, Deborah (July 23, 2007). "2 hip-hop stars arrested in New York after concert". CNN. Retrieved January 21, 2010.
43.Jump up ^ Grace, Melissa (December 13, 2010). "Rapper Ja Rule gets two year jail sentence after pleading guilty to weapon possession". New York Daily News. Retrieved December 18, 2010.
44.Jump up ^ "Judge: Gun Stays as Evidence in Ja Rule's NYC Case". ABCNews.com. Associated Press. January 20, 2010. Retrieved January 21, 2010.
45.Jump up ^ Grace, Melissa (January 20, 2010). "Judge tosses rapper Ja Rule's 'weed' plea in gun case". New York Daily News. Retrieved January 21, 2010.
46.Jump up ^ "Ja Rule to go to prison in June in NYC gun case - Entertainment - Music - TODAY.com". Today.msnbc.msn.com. Retrieved 2012-12-13.
47.Jump up ^ "Rapper Ja Rule to turn himself in for prison sentence Wednesday". CNN.com. June 8, 2011. Retrieved 2012-12-13.
48.Jump up ^ Theo Bark (19 July 2011). "Ja Rule Receives Additional Jail Time for Tax Evasion". Theboombox.com/. Retrieved 15 July 2011.
49.Jump up ^ HipHopDX (21 February 2013). "Ja Rule To Be Released From Prison In Gun Case". HipHopDX. Retrieved 9 March 2015.
50.Jump up ^ "BREAKING NEWS: JA RULE HAS BEEN RELEASED!". http://www.ruleyork.com/. Retrieved 2013-05-07.
51.Jump up ^ MTV News (3 November 2003). "Ja Rule on 50 Cent, God and Hip-Hop". MTV. Retrieved 29 July 2007.
52.^ Jump up to: a b "Hip-Hop Rumors: Kay Slay Doll, Ja Rule, Happy 1,000Th To Illseed!". Allhiphop. April 2006. Archived from the original on 2006-05-04. Retrieved 25 July 2007.
53.Jump up ^ Rodriguez, Jayson (12 July 2007). "Ja Rule Leaves Bitterness — and 50 Cent Beef — Behind on New Album". MTV. Retrieved 21 July 2007.
54.Jump up ^ "Ja Rule and 50 Cent Squash Beef". Inquisitr.com. 2011-05-30. Retrieved 2012-12-13.
55.^ Jump up to: a b "Ja Rule - Eminem's Enemies". Eminemlab.com. Retrieved 2012-03-30.
56.Jump up ^ "Eminem's Enemies, Rivals and Beefs: Ja Rule". EminemLab.com. Retrieved 2 October 2011.
57.Jump up ^ Clarke, Antoine (October 2002), "A Fox in Sheep's Clothing", F.E.D.S. 3 (10), ISBN 9780060959982
58.^ Jump up to: a b c d e Oh, Minya (23 December 2002). "Mixtape Mondays: DJ Clue". MTV News. MTV.com. Retrieved 28 March 2014.
59.^ Jump up to: a b c d "Foxy Brown- Pt 2 Doug Banks In the Morning Interview". YouTube. Retrieved 28 March 2014.
60.^ Jump up to: a b Samuel, Steven (18 December 2002). "Daily Hip-Hop News: Foxy Claws at Eve... Jay!". SOHH.com. Internet Archive Wayback Machine. Retrieved 27 March 2014.
61.Jump up ^ Weiss, Murray (18 July 2005). "HEAT ON JA RULE – EYED BY FEDS IN MIDTOWN GUN SLAY". New York Post (NYPost.com). Retrieved 28 March 2014.
62.^ Jump up to: a b "Ja Rule Speaks To the.LIFE Files Radio Show". thelifefiles.com. archive.org. Retrieved 28 March 2014.
63.^ Jump up to: a b c d J. Solomon, Akiba (July 2003), "The Big Picture", Vibe 11 (7): 110–111, ISSN 1070-4701
64.^ Jump up to: a b c d Reid, Shaheem (April 16, 2003). "Lil' Mo Wants To Drop Beef With Ja Rule And Focus On Family". MTV News. MTV.com. Retrieved May 21, 2013.
65.Jump up ^ "For The Record: Quick News On Lil' Mo And Ja Rule, Eminem, 'American Idol,' Luther Vandross, P.O.D. & More". MTV News. MTV.com. 9 May 2003. Retrieved 16 January 2014.
66.Jump up ^ Watkins, Greg (12 August 2005). "Lil' Mo Filing Lawsuit Against Ja Rule, Murder Inc. & Def Jam". AllHipHop. Retrieved 16 January 2014.
67.^ Jump up to: a b "LIL MO DOESNT HAVE A ANSWER WHY FABOLOUS WONT DO A SONG WITH HER?". Superstar Radio. YouTube. Retrieved 16 January 2014.
68.Jump up ^ "Ja Rule Ft. Lil Mo - U & Me". HipHopLead.com. 10 February 2011. Retrieved 22 January 2014.
69.Jump up ^ "Ja Rule - U & Me (Feat. Lil' Mo) (2011)". YouTube. 9 February 2011. Retrieved 16 January 2014.
70.Jump up ^ "Kiss and Tail: The Hollywood Jumpoff (Video 2009)". IMDB.com. Retrieved 2012-12-13.
External links[edit]
 Wikimedia Commons has media related to Ja Rule.
##Official website[dead link]
##Ja Rule at MTV
##Ja Rule at the Internet Movie Database


[show]
v ·
 t ·
 e
 
Ja Rule































































[show]
v ·
 t ·
 e
 
Def Jam Recordings













































































































































































Authority control
WorldCat ·
 VIAF: 69128666 ·
 LCCN: no00005979 ·
 ISNI: 0000 0001 0912 7655 ·
 GND: 135191580 ·
 BNF: cb14024557f (data) ·
 MusicBrainz: a5d27b00-1cd7-42bc-b5da-204534dd2e5b
 




 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  


Categories: 1976 births
Living people
African-American male actors
African-American male rappers
American male film actors
Former Jehovah's Witnesses
Def Jam Recordings artists
People from Queens, New York
Rappers from New York City
American hip hop singers
The Inc. Records artists
TVT Records artists
Prisoners and detainees of New York
American people convicted of drug offenses
American people convicted of fraud
World Music Awards winners
East Coast hip hop musicians
Gangsta rappers

















Navigation menu



Create account
Log in



Article

Talk









Read

Edit

View history

















Main page
Contents
Featured content
Current events
Random article
Donate to Wikipedia
Wikipedia store

Interaction
Help
About Wikipedia
Community portal
Recent changes
Contact page

Tools
What links here
Related changes
Upload file
Special pages
Permanent link
Page information
Wikidata item
Cite this page

Print/export
Create a book
Download as PDF
Printable version

Languages
العربية
Čeština
Dansk
Deutsch
Español
Français
Frysk
한국어
Hrvatski
Bahasa Indonesia
Italiano
עברית
Kiswahili
Latviešu
Nederlands
日本語
Norsk bokmål
Polski
Português
Română
Русский
Simple English
Suomi
Svenska
ไทย
Türkçe
Edit links
This page was last modified on 1 June 2015, at 14:32.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License; additional terms may apply. By using this site, you agree to the Terms of Use and Privacy Policy. Wikipedia® is a registered trademark of the Wikimedia Foundation, Inc., a non-profit organization.
Privacy policy
About Wikipedia
Disclaimers
Contact Wikipedia
Developers
Mobile view
Wikimedia Foundation
Powered by MediaWiki
 

 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ja_Rule








Jackie Jackson

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Jump to: navigation, search

For the Harlem Globetrotters player, see Jumpin Jackie Jackson.


 This biographical article needs additional citations for verification. Please help by adding reliable sources. Contentious material about living persons that is unsourced or poorly sourced must be removed immediately, especially if potentially libelous or harmful. (January 2012)

Jackie Jackson
Jackson 5 1969.jpg
Jackson with The Jackson 5

Background information

Birth name
Sigmund Esco Jackson
Also known as
Jackie Jackson
Born
May 4, 1951 (age 64)
Gary, Indiana, U.S.
Genres
R&B, soul, pop, new jack swing
Occupation(s)
Singer, songwriter
Instruments
Vocals, tambourine
Years active
1964–present
Labels
Steeltown, Motown, Epic
Associated acts
The Jackson 5
Sigmund Esco "Jackie" Jackson (born May 4, 1951) is an American singer and musician notable for being a member of The Jackson 5.


Contents  [hide]
1 Early life
2 Career 2.1 Recent years
3 Personal life
4 Discography 4.1 Studio albums
4.2 Singles 4.2.1 As main artist
4.2.2 As a featured artist

5 External links
6 References

Early life[edit]
Sigmund Esco Jackson was born on his mother Katherine's 21st birthday in 1951. Nicknamed Jackie by his grandfather, taken from Jackson Boy, he came from an African-American working-class family. He and his eight brothers and sisters grew up in a three room house in Gary, Indiana, an industrial town outside of Chicago. In 1964, Jackie's father, Joseph, formed the Jackson Brothers singing group, which included Jackie and his brothers Tito and Jermaine. The group included younger brothers Marlon and Michael playing assorted percussive instruments. By 1966, Joseph made Michael the lead singer and within two years, they emerged professionally under the name The Jackson Five, which was later altered to a numeral 5 after signing with Motown in 1969.
Prior to the group signing with Motown, Jackson wanted to pursue a career in professional baseball. However, he forsook this career once the group hit the big time.
Career[edit]
Jackson performed under a high tenor singing voice. He added brief lead parts in some of the Jackson 5's hit singles, including "I Want You Back" and "ABC". In 1973, Jackson released a solo album that failed to chart. After the Jackson 5 became The Jacksons after leaving Motown for CBS Records in 1976, Jackson's role as a vocalist and songwriter increased. He added a lead vocal alongside brother Michael on their top ten Epic single, "Enjoy Yourself", and also added composition on six of the group's albums with Epic. Jackson's voice changed to a lower tenor vocal style during the Epic years. One of Jackson's most successful compositions was co-writing with Michael, "Can You Feel It", which became an international hit in 1981. Jackson began performing more lead vocals as Michael pursued a successful solo career. On their 1984 album, Victory, Jackson performed lead on the song "Wait", while writing the single, "Torture". Notably before the start of the Victory Tour in 1984, Jackson suffered a leg injury that was officially described as a knee injury incurred during rehearsals.[1] However, a former companion of Jermaine Jackson's, Margaret Maldonado, wrote in her 1995 book, Jackson Family Values, Jackson was injured in an automobile accident, a cause of his then wife Enid Jackson running over Jackson with her car, after catching him with choreographer and then-Laker Girl Paula Abdul.[2] Jackson recovered well enough to perform on the last leg of shows in December 1984 in Los Angeles, where Michael announced he was leaving the group. In early 1985, Marlon Jackson joined Michael in leaving the group as well.
Jackie, Tito and Randy became session musicians, vocalists and producers during this time. In 1987, Jackie, Randy, Tito and Jermaine reformed as The Jacksons and recorded "Time Out For The Burglar", the theme song for the film, Burglar. The single was a minor R&B hit in the US, but had more success in Belgium where it peaked in the Top 40 at #17 for two consecutive weeks. The Jacksons also contributed backing vocals to the Tito-produced title track of Tramaine Hawkins' 1987 album "Freedom". In late 1988, the Jacksons set out to record their final Epic album, 2300 Jackson Street, which included Jackie and Jermaine splitting leads on most of the songs. 2300 Jackson Street failed to chart successfully despite the Randy and Jermaine-led "Nothin' (That Compares 2 U)". Randy did not participate in much of the album's promotion as he was working on his solo project leaving Jackie, Tito and Jermaine to promote the album mostly overseas. Afterwards, the group was dropped from the label and each brother went into solo projects. Jackson signed with Polydor and released his first solo album in 16 years, Be the One, in late 1989. The album was a minor hit charting at #89 on the R&B charts. The first single "Stay" was a Top 40 R&B hit while second single "Cruzin'" was a moderate success. In 2001, after years out of the limelight, Jackie, along with his other brothers, returned to the mainstream during a reunion performance with Michael at his 30th anniversary special at Madison Square Garden.
Recent years[edit]
Currently residing in Las Vegas, Jackson at one time ran two record companies, Jesco Records and Futurist Entertainment. His son, Sigmund, Jr., known by the name of DEALZ, released a mixtape off Jesco in 2007. In 2009, he, Tito, Jermaine and Marlon starred in their brief reality series, The Jacksons: A Family Dynasty. In 2012, the quartet began their first tour since the end of the Victory Tour in 1984. The four brothers continue to tour, currently planning to perform a series of shows at the Las Vegas casino circuit.
Personal life[edit]
Jackson was married three times. He married his first wife, Enid Adren Spann (June 27, 1954 – December 20, 1997), in November 1974. A rocky marriage, they initially separated for several months after they married, but later reconciled. They later divorced in 1987. In 2001, Jackson married a second wife, Victoria Triggs. They've also since divorced. With Enid Spann, Jackson has two children, Sigmund "Siggy", Jr. (born June 29, 1977) and Brandi (born February 6, 1982). Jackson married his third wife Emily Besselink and Besselink gave birth to twin boys River and Jaylen on December 30, 2014[3][4]
Discography[edit]
Studio albums[edit]

Title
Album details
Peak chart positions

US R&B
[5]

Jackie Jackson
Released: October 14, 1973
Label: Motown
Formats: LP
 —
Be the One
Released: September 9, 1989
Label: Polydor
Formats: LP, CD
 84
"—" denotes items which were not released in that country or failed to chart.
Singles[edit]
As main artist[edit]

Title
Year
Peak chart positions
Album

US R&B
[5]

"Cruzin'"
1989 58 Be the One
"Stay"
39
"We Know What's Going On"
2010 — Non-album single
"—" denotes items which were not released in that country or failed to chart.
As a featured artist[edit]

Title
Year

"That's How I Feel"
(DealZ featuring Jackie Jackson & Jermaine Jackson)
2011
External links[edit]
Official website
References[edit]
1.Jump up ^ Jet Magazine; July 9, 1984 http://books.google.com/books?id=yLADAAAAMBAJ&lpg=PA56&ots=m23wqSHXti&dq=jet%20magazine%20jackie%20jackson%20knee&pg=PA1#v=onepage&q&f=false
2.Jump up ^ Margaret Maldonado Jackson, "Jackson Family Values" ISBN 0-7871-0522-8
3.Jump up ^ http://ohnotheydidnt.livejournal.com/90925580.html
4.Jump up ^ http://www.jackson-source.com/the-jacksons/85-family-tree
5.^ Jump up to: a b "Jackie Jackson". Allmusic. Retrieved June 9, 2012.


[show]
v ·
 t ·
 e
 
The Jackson 5/The Jacksons

































































































Wikipedia book
Category
Portal




[show]
v ·
 t ·
 e
 
Jackson family







































Portal




Authority control
WorldCat ·
 VIAF: 27268576 ·
 LCCN: n91048528 ·
 ISNI: 0000 0000 6309 3663 ·
 GND: 13465322X ·
 BNF: cb14047278q (data) ·
 MusicBrainz: d06f65d2-26e0-4d40-95e5-22592917eb52
 




 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  


Categories: 1951 births
20th-century American singers
21st-century American singers
African-American musicians
African-American singers
American pop singers
Epic Records artists
Former Jehovah's Witnesses
Jackson musical family
Living people
Motown artists
Musicians from Gary, Indiana
The Jackson 5 members












Navigation menu



Create account
Log in



Article

Talk









Read

Edit

View history

















Main page
Contents
Featured content
Current events
Random article
Donate to Wikipedia
Wikipedia store

Interaction
Help
About Wikipedia
Community portal
Recent changes
Contact page

Tools
What links here
Related changes
Upload file
Special pages
Permanent link
Page information
Wikidata item
Cite this page

Print/export
Create a book
Download as PDF
Printable version

Languages
Boarisch
Čeština
Deutsch
Español
فارسی
Français
Galego
한국어
Ido
Italiano
Magyar
Nederlands
日本語
Norsk bokmål
Norsk nynorsk
Polski
Português
Русский
Simple English
Suomi
Svenska
Türkçe
中文
Edit links
This page was last modified on 17 May 2015, at 00:08.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License; additional terms may apply. By using this site, you agree to the Terms of Use and Privacy Policy. Wikipedia® is a registered trademark of the Wikimedia Foundation, Inc., a non-profit organization.
Privacy policy
About Wikipedia
Disclaimers
Contact Wikipedia
Developers
Mobile view
Wikimedia Foundation
Powered by MediaWiki
 

 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jackie_Jackson








Jackie Jackson

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Jump to: navigation, search

For the Harlem Globetrotters player, see Jumpin Jackie Jackson.


 This biographical article needs additional citations for verification. Please help by adding reliable sources. Contentious material about living persons that is unsourced or poorly sourced must be removed immediately, especially if potentially libelous or harmful. (January 2012)

Jackie Jackson
Jackson 5 1969.jpg
Jackson with The Jackson 5

Background information

Birth name
Sigmund Esco Jackson
Also known as
Jackie Jackson
Born
May 4, 1951 (age 64)
Gary, Indiana, U.S.
Genres
R&B, soul, pop, new jack swing
Occupation(s)
Singer, songwriter
Instruments
Vocals, tambourine
Years active
1964–present
Labels
Steeltown, Motown, Epic
Associated acts
The Jackson 5
Sigmund Esco "Jackie" Jackson (born May 4, 1951) is an American singer and musician notable for being a member of The Jackson 5.


Contents  [hide]
1 Early life
2 Career 2.1 Recent years
3 Personal life
4 Discography 4.1 Studio albums
4.2 Singles 4.2.1 As main artist
4.2.2 As a featured artist

5 External links
6 References

Early life[edit]
Sigmund Esco Jackson was born on his mother Katherine's 21st birthday in 1951. Nicknamed Jackie by his grandfather, taken from Jackson Boy, he came from an African-American working-class family. He and his eight brothers and sisters grew up in a three room house in Gary, Indiana, an industrial town outside of Chicago. In 1964, Jackie's father, Joseph, formed the Jackson Brothers singing group, which included Jackie and his brothers Tito and Jermaine. The group included younger brothers Marlon and Michael playing assorted percussive instruments. By 1966, Joseph made Michael the lead singer and within two years, they emerged professionally under the name The Jackson Five, which was later altered to a numeral 5 after signing with Motown in 1969.
Prior to the group signing with Motown, Jackson wanted to pursue a career in professional baseball. However, he forsook this career once the group hit the big time.
Career[edit]
Jackson performed under a high tenor singing voice. He added brief lead parts in some of the Jackson 5's hit singles, including "I Want You Back" and "ABC". In 1973, Jackson released a solo album that failed to chart. After the Jackson 5 became The Jacksons after leaving Motown for CBS Records in 1976, Jackson's role as a vocalist and songwriter increased. He added a lead vocal alongside brother Michael on their top ten Epic single, "Enjoy Yourself", and also added composition on six of the group's albums with Epic. Jackson's voice changed to a lower tenor vocal style during the Epic years. One of Jackson's most successful compositions was co-writing with Michael, "Can You Feel It", which became an international hit in 1981. Jackson began performing more lead vocals as Michael pursued a successful solo career. On their 1984 album, Victory, Jackson performed lead on the song "Wait", while writing the single, "Torture". Notably before the start of the Victory Tour in 1984, Jackson suffered a leg injury that was officially described as a knee injury incurred during rehearsals.[1] However, a former companion of Jermaine Jackson's, Margaret Maldonado, wrote in her 1995 book, Jackson Family Values, Jackson was injured in an automobile accident, a cause of his then wife Enid Jackson running over Jackson with her car, after catching him with choreographer and then-Laker Girl Paula Abdul.[2] Jackson recovered well enough to perform on the last leg of shows in December 1984 in Los Angeles, where Michael announced he was leaving the group. In early 1985, Marlon Jackson joined Michael in leaving the group as well.
Jackie, Tito and Randy became session musicians, vocalists and producers during this time. In 1987, Jackie, Randy, Tito and Jermaine reformed as The Jacksons and recorded "Time Out For The Burglar", the theme song for the film, Burglar. The single was a minor R&B hit in the US, but had more success in Belgium where it peaked in the Top 40 at #17 for two consecutive weeks. The Jacksons also contributed backing vocals to the Tito-produced title track of Tramaine Hawkins' 1987 album "Freedom". In late 1988, the Jacksons set out to record their final Epic album, 2300 Jackson Street, which included Jackie and Jermaine splitting leads on most of the songs. 2300 Jackson Street failed to chart successfully despite the Randy and Jermaine-led "Nothin' (That Compares 2 U)". Randy did not participate in much of the album's promotion as he was working on his solo project leaving Jackie, Tito and Jermaine to promote the album mostly overseas. Afterwards, the group was dropped from the label and each brother went into solo projects. Jackson signed with Polydor and released his first solo album in 16 years, Be the One, in late 1989. The album was a minor hit charting at #89 on the R&B charts. The first single "Stay" was a Top 40 R&B hit while second single "Cruzin'" was a moderate success. In 2001, after years out of the limelight, Jackie, along with his other brothers, returned to the mainstream during a reunion performance with Michael at his 30th anniversary special at Madison Square Garden.
Recent years[edit]
Currently residing in Las Vegas, Jackson at one time ran two record companies, Jesco Records and Futurist Entertainment. His son, Sigmund, Jr., known by the name of DEALZ, released a mixtape off Jesco in 2007. In 2009, he, Tito, Jermaine and Marlon starred in their brief reality series, The Jacksons: A Family Dynasty. In 2012, the quartet began their first tour since the end of the Victory Tour in 1984. The four brothers continue to tour, currently planning to perform a series of shows at the Las Vegas casino circuit.
Personal life[edit]
Jackson was married three times. He married his first wife, Enid Adren Spann (June 27, 1954 – December 20, 1997), in November 1974. A rocky marriage, they initially separated for several months after they married, but later reconciled. They later divorced in 1987. In 2001, Jackson married a second wife, Victoria Triggs. They've also since divorced. With Enid Spann, Jackson has two children, Sigmund "Siggy", Jr. (born June 29, 1977) and Brandi (born February 6, 1982). Jackson married his third wife Emily Besselink and Besselink gave birth to twin boys River and Jaylen on December 30, 2014[3][4]
Discography[edit]
Studio albums[edit]

Title
Album details
Peak chart positions

US R&B
[5]

Jackie Jackson
Released: October 14, 1973
Label: Motown
Formats: LP
 —
Be the One
Released: September 9, 1989
Label: Polydor
Formats: LP, CD
 84
"—" denotes items which were not released in that country or failed to chart.
Singles[edit]
As main artist[edit]

Title
Year
Peak chart positions
Album

US R&B
[5]

"Cruzin'"
1989 58 Be the One
"Stay"
39
"We Know What's Going On"
2010 — Non-album single
"—" denotes items which were not released in that country or failed to chart.
As a featured artist[edit]

Title
Year

"That's How I Feel"
(DealZ featuring Jackie Jackson & Jermaine Jackson)
2011
External links[edit]
Official website
References[edit]
1.Jump up ^ Jet Magazine; July 9, 1984 http://books.google.com/books?id=yLADAAAAMBAJ&lpg=PA56&ots=m23wqSHXti&dq=jet%20magazine%20jackie%20jackson%20knee&pg=PA1#v=onepage&q&f=false
2.Jump up ^ Margaret Maldonado Jackson, "Jackson Family Values" ISBN 0-7871-0522-8
3.Jump up ^ http://ohnotheydidnt.livejournal.com/90925580.html
4.Jump up ^ http://www.jackson-source.com/the-jacksons/85-family-tree
5.^ Jump up to: a b "Jackie Jackson". Allmusic. Retrieved June 9, 2012.


[show]
v ·
 t ·
 e
 
The Jackson 5/The Jacksons

































































































Wikipedia book
Category
Portal




[show]
v ·
 t ·
 e
 
Jackson family







































Portal




Authority control
WorldCat ·
 VIAF: 27268576 ·
 LCCN: n91048528 ·
 ISNI: 0000 0000 6309 3663 ·
 GND: 13465322X ·
 BNF: cb14047278q (data) ·
 MusicBrainz: d06f65d2-26e0-4d40-95e5-22592917eb52
 




 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  


Categories: 1951 births
20th-century American singers
21st-century American singers
African-American musicians
African-American singers
American pop singers
Epic Records artists
Former Jehovah's Witnesses
Jackson musical family
Living people
Motown artists
Musicians from Gary, Indiana
The Jackson 5 members












Navigation menu



Create account
Log in



Article

Talk









Read

Edit

View history

















Main page
Contents
Featured content
Current events
Random article
Donate to Wikipedia
Wikipedia store

Interaction
Help
About Wikipedia
Community portal
Recent changes
Contact page

Tools
What links here
Related changes
Upload file
Special pages
Permanent link
Page information
Wikidata item
Cite this page

Print/export
Create a book
Download as PDF
Printable version

Languages
Boarisch
Čeština
Deutsch
Español
فارسی
Français
Galego
한국어
Ido
Italiano
Magyar
Nederlands
日本語
Norsk bokmål
Norsk nynorsk
Polski
Português
Русский
Simple English
Suomi
Svenska
Türkçe
中文
Edit links
This page was last modified on 17 May 2015, at 00:08.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License; additional terms may apply. By using this site, you agree to the Terms of Use and Privacy Policy. Wikipedia® is a registered trademark of the Wikimedia Foundation, Inc., a non-profit organization.
Privacy policy
About Wikipedia
Disclaimers
Contact Wikipedia
Developers
Mobile view
Wikimedia Foundation
Powered by MediaWiki
 

 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jackie_Jackson








Marlon Jackson

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Jump to: navigation, search

This article is about the musician. For the association football player, see Marlon Jackson (footballer). For the American Football player, see Marlin Jackson.


 This biographical article needs additional citations for verification. Please help by adding reliable sources. Contentious material about living persons that is unsourced or poorly sourced must be removed immediately, especially if potentially libelous or harmful. (September 2009)

Marlon Jackson

Birth name
Marlon David Jackson
Born
March 12, 1957 (age 58)
Gary, Indiana U.S.
Genres
R&B, soul, pop
Occupation(s)
Entertainer, musician, singer, songwriter, dancer
Instruments
Vocals
Years active
1964–84, 1986–92, 2001, 2006–10, 2012–present
Labels
Steeltown (1968)
Motown (1969–75)
Epic (1975–84)
Capitol (1987–90)
Associated acts
The Jackson 5, The Jacksons
Marlon David Jackson (born March 12, 1957) is the 6th child of the Jackson family, he is an American entertainer, singer, dancer and member of The Jackson 5. He is known as the "Dancing Machine" or "the Dancingest Jackson" for his dancing performances on stage, as well as the "Jokester" for his sense of humor. He is seventeen months older than his late brother Michael.


Contents  [hide]
1 Personal life 1.1 Michael's memorial
2 Career 2.1 The Jackson 5
2.2 Solo career
2.3 Later years
3 Discography 3.1 Studio albums
3.2 Singles
3.3 Other contributions
4 References

Personal life[edit]
Marlon was born in Gary, Indiana to Joseph and Katherine Jackson as the seventh child of the Jackson family. Marlon's twin brother, Brandon died within 24 hours of birth. They were several weeks premature.
Marlon has three children with his wife Carol Parker.
Valencia Caroline (born December 18, 1976)
Brittany Shauntee (born April 15, 1978)
Marlon David, Jr. (born September 23, 1981)
Marlon also has four grandchildren:
Noah Laniak (born August 18, 2006) from Valencia Jackson
Sophia Laniak (born November 11, 2007) from Valencia Jackson
Phoenix Sanchez (born July 27, 2010) from Brittany Jackson
Savanna Sanchez (born September 2, 2011) from Brittany Jackson
He and sister Rebbie Jackson are the only Jackson siblings to have not divorced.
Michael's memorial[edit]
On July 7, 2009, he and his family offered their final eulogies for Michael, saying he was the "soul" of the family, and breaking down as he tearfully addressed the crowd: "Maybe now Michael, they will leave you alone"[1] and "I would like for you to give our brother, my twin brother, Brandon, a hug for me".[2] Marlon fought back tears as he said "I love you Michael and I'll miss you".[1]
Career[edit]
The Jackson 5[edit]
Main article: The Jackson 5
While Marlon was still a child, his older brothers Jackie, Tito and Jermaine formed an early incarnation of what would become The Jackson 5. Marlon and younger brother Michael would soon join the group, initially as percussionists. In the early years of the group it's been well documented that Marlon had trouble singing and keeping up with dance steps. While Michael was more of a natural, Marlon had to work a little harder. However through his perseverance he would become a proficient singer, songwriter, producer and especially a dancer where he is best known for being the main choreographer behind many of the group's signature dance routines such as the Funk Shovel & what is known as the Jackson Point Dance. To this day, all of the brothers always call him "The Dancingest Jackson" which was a term he came up with Carol Burnett asked them to come up with nicknames that describe their personalities & all brothers agreed. On The Jackson 5's "Up on the Housetop" from their Christmas Album, Michael sings describing what each brother want for Christmas. When he goes to Marlon, he says
“ "Marlon wears his shoes so thin/he went through his socks again/he's always dancing as you know. " ”
& Marlon replies
“ "So bring me some shoes with lots of soul. " ”
. Michael's 1988 book Moonwalk, he would say of Marlon...
“ Marlon was and is one of the most determined people I've ever met. He, too, was a real joker and prankster. He used to be the one who'd always get in trouble in the early days because he'd be out of step or miss a note, but that was far from true later. ”
While brothers Michael and Jermaine were the main attractions of the group, all five Jackson brothers sang lead spots on various songs. Marlon's voice can noticeably be heard on "Feelin' Alright", "Little Bitty Pretty One" and "Corner of The Sky". He took a more prominent singing role on the 1973 G.I.T.: Get It Together album, particularly in the last minutes of the song "Mama I Gotta Brand New Thing (Don't Say No)". Eventually a dispute with Motown led to the group's split from the label in 1976, whereupon they signed with Epic Records. After the departure of Jermaine and inclusion of youngest brother Randy in the move, the group would be forced to change their name to "The Jacksons". All of the brothers took a more active role in their music and it was Marlon who filled in for Jermaine's vocal parts when they performed the old Jackson 5 songs on stage.
On the debut Jacksons albums Marlon sang lead spots on "Strength of a Man" and "Man of War". However it was the Destiny and Triumph albums that returned the brothers to the top of the pop charts. In the finale of Triumph Marlon shared a duet with brother Michael entitled "Give it Up". The return of Jermaine to the group in 1983 after their reunited performance at Motown 25 led to the Victory album and tour in 1984. For the Victory album Marlon wrote, produced and sang his first solo lead on the single "Body". In the music video for the single Marlon can be seen riding a motorcycle and leading a troupe of dancers. Despite the success of both the album and tour, monetary problems and rumored clashes amongst the brothers led to the collapse of the Jacksons as a group. Michael announced his exit from the group at the end of the tour while Marlon stunned family members by announcing his split a year later. This left The Jacksons as a quartet of Jackie, Tito, Jermaine and Randy for their final album, 2300 Jackson Street, although Michael and Marlon would join their brothers on the album's title single.
Solo career[edit]
In 1987, Marlon released his debut solo album Baby Tonight, an album he wrote and produced himself. It featured the No. 2 R&B hit "Don't Go" which he performed to an enthusiastic audience on The Late Show with Arsenio Hall. During the show he was interviewed by Arsenio and said:
“ I've always wanted to do a solo album and I've always wanted to pursue a solo career. I feel that God has a time for everybody and I think that this is my time. ”
Later years[edit]
Unlike his brothers, after his brief brush with solo stardom, Marlon embarked on a career outside of show business, becoming a successful real estate agent in Southern California. He was also part owner of the Black Family Channel, a cable network designed to bring family-friendly programming to the Black community. Marlon joined his brothers on stage when The Jackson 5 was inducted into the Rock & Roll Hall of Fame in 1997. In 2001, he reunited with his brothers to perform as the Jacksons during Michael's 30th anniversary concert at Madison Square Garden. He was part of the reality series, The Jacksons: A Family Dynasty, in 2009. He and his brothers (with the exception of Randy) have been performing off and on since 2012.
Discography[edit]
Studio albums[edit]

Title
Album details
Peak chart positions

US
[3]
US R&B
[3]

Baby Tonight
Released July 1987
Label: Capitol
Formats: LP, CD
 175 22
Singles[edit]

Title
Year
Peak chart positions
Album

US R&B
[3]

"Baby Tonight"
1987 57 Baby Tonight
"Don't Go"
2
"—" denotes items which were not released in that country or failed to chart.
Other contributions[edit]
La Toya Jackson – La Toya Jackson (1980)
Barry White – Beware! (1981)
La Toya Jackson – My Special Love (1981)
Betty Wright – Wright Back at You (1983)
Billy Griffin – Respect (1983)
Rebbie Jackson – Centipede (1984)
La Toya Jackson – Heart Don't Lie (1984)
Janet Jackson – Dream Street (1984)
Michael Jackson- "We Are the World" (1985)
The Golden Child Soundtrack (1986)
The Jacksons featuring Michael Jackson, Janet Jackson, Rebbie Jackson and Marlon Jackson: 2300 Jackson Street (1989)
References[edit]
1.^ Jump up to: a b Maria Puente, "At Jackson Memorial, Tears, Cheers and 'I Love You, Michael Jackson,'" USA Today, July 8, 2009.
2.Jump up ^ http://www.nme.com/news/michael-jackson/45901, Retrieved on 2009-07-09.
3.^ Jump up to: a b c "Marlon Jackson". Allmusic. Retrieved June 10, 2012.

Portal icon The Jackson Family portal


[show]
v ·
 t ·
 e
 
The Jackson 5/The Jacksons

































































































Wikipedia book
Category
Portal




[show]
v ·
 t ·
 e
 
Jackson family







































Portal




Authority control
WorldCat ·
 VIAF: 64208104 ·
 LCCN: n91070631 ·
 ISNI: 0000 0000 5945 1990 ·
 GND: 134587804 ·
 BNF: cb14047277c (data) ·
 MusicBrainz: dfa29df0-2f21-409c-8509-a75e72205e1d
 




 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  


Categories: 1957 births
20th-century American singers
21st-century American singers
African-American musicians
African-American singers
American pop singers
American record producers
American soul singers
Former Jehovah's Witnesses
Identical twins
Jackson musical family
Living people
Musicians from Gary, Indiana
Songwriters from Indiana
The Jackson 5 members
Twin people from the United States












Navigation menu



Create account
Log in



Article

Talk









Read

Edit

View history

















Main page
Contents
Featured content
Current events
Random article
Donate to Wikipedia
Wikipedia store

Interaction
Help
About Wikipedia
Community portal
Recent changes
Contact page

Tools
What links here
Related changes
Upload file
Special pages
Permanent link
Page information
Wikidata item
Cite this page

Print/export
Create a book
Download as PDF
Printable version

Languages
Azərbaycanca
Dansk
Deutsch
Español
فارسی
Français
Galego
한국어
Ido
Italiano
עברית
Magyar
Nederlands
日本語
Norsk nynorsk
Polski
Português
Русский
Simple English
Suomi
Svenska
Türkçe
中文
Edit links
This page was last modified on 10 May 2015, at 23:07.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License; additional terms may apply. By using this site, you agree to the Terms of Use and Privacy Policy. Wikipedia® is a registered trademark of the Wikimedia Foundation, Inc., a non-profit organization.
Privacy policy
About Wikipedia
Disclaimers
Contact Wikipedia
Developers
Mobile view
Wikimedia Foundation
Powered by MediaWiki
 

 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marlon_Jackson








Marlon Jackson

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Jump to: navigation, search

This article is about the musician. For the association football player, see Marlon Jackson (footballer). For the American Football player, see Marlin Jackson.


 This biographical article needs additional citations for verification. Please help by adding reliable sources. Contentious material about living persons that is unsourced or poorly sourced must be removed immediately, especially if potentially libelous or harmful. (September 2009)

Marlon Jackson

Birth name
Marlon David Jackson
Born
March 12, 1957 (age 58)
Gary, Indiana U.S.
Genres
R&B, soul, pop
Occupation(s)
Entertainer, musician, singer, songwriter, dancer
Instruments
Vocals
Years active
1964–84, 1986–92, 2001, 2006–10, 2012–present
Labels
Steeltown (1968)
Motown (1969–75)
Epic (1975–84)
Capitol (1987–90)
Associated acts
The Jackson 5, The Jacksons
Marlon David Jackson (born March 12, 1957) is the 6th child of the Jackson family, he is an American entertainer, singer, dancer and member of The Jackson 5. He is known as the "Dancing Machine" or "the Dancingest Jackson" for his dancing performances on stage, as well as the "Jokester" for his sense of humor. He is seventeen months older than his late brother Michael.


Contents  [hide]
1 Personal life 1.1 Michael's memorial
2 Career 2.1 The Jackson 5
2.2 Solo career
2.3 Later years
3 Discography 3.1 Studio albums
3.2 Singles
3.3 Other contributions
4 References

Personal life[edit]
Marlon was born in Gary, Indiana to Joseph and Katherine Jackson as the seventh child of the Jackson family. Marlon's twin brother, Brandon died within 24 hours of birth. They were several weeks premature.
Marlon has three children with his wife Carol Parker.
Valencia Caroline (born December 18, 1976)
Brittany Shauntee (born April 15, 1978)
Marlon David, Jr. (born September 23, 1981)
Marlon also has four grandchildren:
Noah Laniak (born August 18, 2006) from Valencia Jackson
Sophia Laniak (born November 11, 2007) from Valencia Jackson
Phoenix Sanchez (born July 27, 2010) from Brittany Jackson
Savanna Sanchez (born September 2, 2011) from Brittany Jackson
He and sister Rebbie Jackson are the only Jackson siblings to have not divorced.
Michael's memorial[edit]
On July 7, 2009, he and his family offered their final eulogies for Michael, saying he was the "soul" of the family, and breaking down as he tearfully addressed the crowd: "Maybe now Michael, they will leave you alone"[1] and "I would like for you to give our brother, my twin brother, Brandon, a hug for me".[2] Marlon fought back tears as he said "I love you Michael and I'll miss you".[1]
Career[edit]
The Jackson 5[edit]
Main article: The Jackson 5
While Marlon was still a child, his older brothers Jackie, Tito and Jermaine formed an early incarnation of what would become The Jackson 5. Marlon and younger brother Michael would soon join the group, initially as percussionists. In the early years of the group it's been well documented that Marlon had trouble singing and keeping up with dance steps. While Michael was more of a natural, Marlon had to work a little harder. However through his perseverance he would become a proficient singer, songwriter, producer and especially a dancer where he is best known for being the main choreographer behind many of the group's signature dance routines such as the Funk Shovel & what is known as the Jackson Point Dance. To this day, all of the brothers always call him "The Dancingest Jackson" which was a term he came up with Carol Burnett asked them to come up with nicknames that describe their personalities & all brothers agreed. On The Jackson 5's "Up on the Housetop" from their Christmas Album, Michael sings describing what each brother want for Christmas. When he goes to Marlon, he says
“ "Marlon wears his shoes so thin/he went through his socks again/he's always dancing as you know. " ”
& Marlon replies
“ "So bring me some shoes with lots of soul. " ”
. Michael's 1988 book Moonwalk, he would say of Marlon...
“ Marlon was and is one of the most determined people I've ever met. He, too, was a real joker and prankster. He used to be the one who'd always get in trouble in the early days because he'd be out of step or miss a note, but that was far from true later. ”
While brothers Michael and Jermaine were the main attractions of the group, all five Jackson brothers sang lead spots on various songs. Marlon's voice can noticeably be heard on "Feelin' Alright", "Little Bitty Pretty One" and "Corner of The Sky". He took a more prominent singing role on the 1973 G.I.T.: Get It Together album, particularly in the last minutes of the song "Mama I Gotta Brand New Thing (Don't Say No)". Eventually a dispute with Motown led to the group's split from the label in 1976, whereupon they signed with Epic Records. After the departure of Jermaine and inclusion of youngest brother Randy in the move, the group would be forced to change their name to "The Jacksons". All of the brothers took a more active role in their music and it was Marlon who filled in for Jermaine's vocal parts when they performed the old Jackson 5 songs on stage.
On the debut Jacksons albums Marlon sang lead spots on "Strength of a Man" and "Man of War". However it was the Destiny and Triumph albums that returned the brothers to the top of the pop charts. In the finale of Triumph Marlon shared a duet with brother Michael entitled "Give it Up". The return of Jermaine to the group in 1983 after their reunited performance at Motown 25 led to the Victory album and tour in 1984. For the Victory album Marlon wrote, produced and sang his first solo lead on the single "Body". In the music video for the single Marlon can be seen riding a motorcycle and leading a troupe of dancers. Despite the success of both the album and tour, monetary problems and rumored clashes amongst the brothers led to the collapse of the Jacksons as a group. Michael announced his exit from the group at the end of the tour while Marlon stunned family members by announcing his split a year later. This left The Jacksons as a quartet of Jackie, Tito, Jermaine and Randy for their final album, 2300 Jackson Street, although Michael and Marlon would join their brothers on the album's title single.
Solo career[edit]
In 1987, Marlon released his debut solo album Baby Tonight, an album he wrote and produced himself. It featured the No. 2 R&B hit "Don't Go" which he performed to an enthusiastic audience on The Late Show with Arsenio Hall. During the show he was interviewed by Arsenio and said:
“ I've always wanted to do a solo album and I've always wanted to pursue a solo career. I feel that God has a time for everybody and I think that this is my time. ”
Later years[edit]
Unlike his brothers, after his brief brush with solo stardom, Marlon embarked on a career outside of show business, becoming a successful real estate agent in Southern California. He was also part owner of the Black Family Channel, a cable network designed to bring family-friendly programming to the Black community. Marlon joined his brothers on stage when The Jackson 5 was inducted into the Rock & Roll Hall of Fame in 1997. In 2001, he reunited with his brothers to perform as the Jacksons during Michael's 30th anniversary concert at Madison Square Garden. He was part of the reality series, The Jacksons: A Family Dynasty, in 2009. He and his brothers (with the exception of Randy) have been performing off and on since 2012.
Discography[edit]
Studio albums[edit]

Title
Album details
Peak chart positions

US
[3]
US R&B
[3]

Baby Tonight
Released July 1987
Label: Capitol
Formats: LP, CD
 175 22
Singles[edit]

Title
Year
Peak chart positions
Album

US R&B
[3]

"Baby Tonight"
1987 57 Baby Tonight
"Don't Go"
2
"—" denotes items which were not released in that country or failed to chart.
Other contributions[edit]
La Toya Jackson – La Toya Jackson (1980)
Barry White – Beware! (1981)
La Toya Jackson – My Special Love (1981)
Betty Wright – Wright Back at You (1983)
Billy Griffin – Respect (1983)
Rebbie Jackson – Centipede (1984)
La Toya Jackson – Heart Don't Lie (1984)
Janet Jackson – Dream Street (1984)
Michael Jackson- "We Are the World" (1985)
The Golden Child Soundtrack (1986)
The Jacksons featuring Michael Jackson, Janet Jackson, Rebbie Jackson and Marlon Jackson: 2300 Jackson Street (1989)
References[edit]
1.^ Jump up to: a b Maria Puente, "At Jackson Memorial, Tears, Cheers and 'I Love You, Michael Jackson,'" USA Today, July 8, 2009.
2.Jump up ^ http://www.nme.com/news/michael-jackson/45901, Retrieved on 2009-07-09.
3.^ Jump up to: a b c "Marlon Jackson". Allmusic. Retrieved June 10, 2012.

Portal icon The Jackson Family portal


[show]
v ·
 t ·
 e
 
The Jackson 5/The Jacksons

































































































Wikipedia book
Category
Portal




[show]
v ·
 t ·
 e
 
Jackson family







































Portal




Authority control
WorldCat ·
 VIAF: 64208104 ·
 LCCN: n91070631 ·
 ISNI: 0000 0000 5945 1990 ·
 GND: 134587804 ·
 BNF: cb14047277c (data) ·
 MusicBrainz: dfa29df0-2f21-409c-8509-a75e72205e1d
 




 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  


Categories: 1957 births
20th-century American singers
21st-century American singers
African-American musicians
African-American singers
American pop singers
American record producers
American soul singers
Former Jehovah's Witnesses
Identical twins
Jackson musical family
Living people
Musicians from Gary, Indiana
Songwriters from Indiana
The Jackson 5 members
Twin people from the United States












Navigation menu



Create account
Log in



Article

Talk









Read

Edit

View history

















Main page
Contents
Featured content
Current events
Random article
Donate to Wikipedia
Wikipedia store

Interaction
Help
About Wikipedia
Community portal
Recent changes
Contact page

Tools
What links here
Related changes
Upload file
Special pages
Permanent link
Page information
Wikidata item
Cite this page

Print/export
Create a book
Download as PDF
Printable version

Languages
Azərbaycanca
Dansk
Deutsch
Español
فارسی
Français
Galego
한국어
Ido
Italiano
עברית
Magyar
Nederlands
日本語
Norsk nynorsk
Polski
Português
Русский
Simple English
Suomi
Svenska
Türkçe
中文
Edit links
This page was last modified on 10 May 2015, at 23:07.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License; additional terms may apply. By using this site, you agree to the Terms of Use and Privacy Policy. Wikipedia® is a registered trademark of the Wikimedia Foundation, Inc., a non-profit organization.
Privacy policy
About Wikipedia
Disclaimers
Contact Wikipedia
Developers
Mobile view
Wikimedia Foundation
Powered by MediaWiki
 

 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marlon_Jackson









Randy Jackson (The Jacksons)

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Jump to: navigation, search

For other people named Randy Jackson, see Randy Jackson (disambiguation).


 This biographical article needs additional citations for verification. Please help by adding reliable sources. Contentious material about living persons that is unsourced or poorly sourced must be removed immediately, especially if potentially libelous or harmful. (February 2012)

Randy Jackson

Birth name
Steven Randall Jackson
Born
October 29, 1961 (age 53)
Gary, Indiana, U.S.
Genres
R&B, pop, new jack swing
Occupation(s)
Musician, singer, songwriter
Instruments
Vocals, percussion, keyboards, bass guitar
Years active
1971–90, 2001
Labels
CBS, Epic, A&M
Associated acts
The Jacksons
Website
Official website



 First row, from left: Janet Jackson, Randy Jackson, La Toya Jackson, Rebbie Jackson (1977)
Steven Randall "Randy" Jackson (born October 29, 1961) is an American singer and musician. He is best known as a former member of The Jacksons. Nicknamed "Little Randy", he is the youngest of the Jackson brothers, and the second youngest of the nine Jackson whole siblings, before sister Janet.
Randy was only three when the Jackson 5 was formed and therefore was not an original member. While his brothers toured, he honed his skills as a musician, mastering piano.


Contents  [hide]
1 Personal life
2 Career 2.1 The Jacksons
2.2 After The Jacksons
3 Discography 3.1 Promotional singles
4 Randy and the Gypsys discography 4.1 Studio albums
4.2 Singles
4.3 Promotional singles
5 References
6 External links

Personal life[edit]
Randy was born in Gary, Indiana to Joseph Jackson and Katherine Jackson. He was the youngest son and the second youngest Jackson sibling before his sister Janet Jackson.
Jackson has two children with his ex-girlfriend Alejandra Oaziaza. He also has one daughter with his ex-wife Eliza Shaffy.[citation needed]
Career[edit]
The Jacksons[edit]
Randy first officially appeared live with his brothers at the end of 1971. The event was a Christmas show the Jackson 5 held for blind children. Although he was on every Jackson 5 tour from 1972 forward mainly playing the congas among other instruments, Randy didn't officially join the family band until 1975 when they left Motown Records for Epic Records and older brother Jermaine chose to stay with Motown, prompting Randy to replace him. The Jackson 5 officially changed their name to The Jacksons when they signed with Epic due in part to the fact Motown owned the name The Jackson 5. At the age of 16, he co-wrote The Jacksons' most successful single on Epic, "Shake Your Body (Down to the Ground)" with Michael. He is widely thought of as the most talented instrumentalist of the Jackson brothers, playing congas, percussion, drums, keyboards, piano, bass, guitar and assorted other instruments. In addition to singing and playing on the Jacksons' recordings, he worked with Michael on his Off the Wall album.
On February 4, 1980, Randy was seriously injured in a car crash in Hollywood, California. In June 1980, he appeared on the cover of the weekly African-American newsmagazine Jet. The cover headline read: "Randy Jackson Walks Again: Talks About His Future."[1]
Jackson was able to fully participate in the Jacksons' 1981 Triumph Tour and in the band's later projects. After the record-setting Victory Tour in 1984, Michael and Marlon left the band. Randy and his remaining three brothers later made one last album. He was part of the Jacksons 2001 reunion at Madison Square Garden, but chose not to appear on their 2009 A&E reality series The Jacksons: A Family Dynasty. However, he did contribute backing vocals with Jackie, Tito and Jermaine for Michael's This Is It.
After The Jacksons[edit]
After recording the 2300 Jackson Street album, the group disbanded and focused on separate projects in 1990. After this split, Jackson formed his own band, Randy & the Gypsys. The group only released one album before breaking up. On June 28, 1998, Jackson opened up his own record label Modern Records.
On June 25, 2009, his older brother Michael Jackson died after suffering a cardiac arrest at his home. On July 7, 2009, Jackson attended Michael's memorial service along with his brothers and family. Randy gave his first interview since the death of his brother on CNN during a live segment on June 10, 2010.
Discography[edit]
Promotional singles[edit]

Title
Year

"How Can I Be Sure"
1978
Randy and the Gypsys discography[edit]
Studio albums[edit]

Title
Album details

Randy & the Gypsys
##Released: October 4, 1989
##Formats: LP, CD, cassette
##Label: A&M

Singles[edit]

Title
Year
Album

"Perpetrators"
1989 Randy & the Gypsys
"Not Because of Me"

"Love You Honey"

Promotional singles[edit]

Title
Year
Album

"The Love We Almost Had"
1989 Randy & the Gypsys
References[edit]

Portal icon The Jackson Family portal
1.Jump up ^ Jet magazine; June 19, 1980
External links[edit]
##Randy Jackson on Twitter


[show]
v ·
 t ·
 e
 
The Jackson 5/The Jacksons

































































































Wikipedia book
Category
Portal




[show]
v ·
 t ·
 e
 
Jackson family







































Portal




Authority control
WorldCat ·
 VIAF: 54336449 ·
 LCCN: n91082945 ·
 ISNI: 0000 0001 1444 3986 ·
 GND: 134415434 ·
 BNF: cb139370411 (data) ·
 MusicBrainz: 593abf14-4292-4d62-b365-79c7674cd1a5
 




 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  


Categories: 1961 births
20th-century American singers
21st-century American singers
African-American male singers
African-American singer-songwriters
American bass guitarists
American guitarists
American keyboardists
American male singers
American multi-instrumentalists
American percussionists
American pop singers
American rhythm and blues musicians
American rhythm and blues singers
Former Jehovah's Witnesses
Jackson musical family
Living people
Musicians from Gary, Indiana
The Jackson 5 members















Navigation menu



Create account
Log in



Article

Talk









Read

Edit

View history

















Main page
Contents
Featured content
Current events
Random article
Donate to Wikipedia
Wikipedia store

Interaction
Help
About Wikipedia
Community portal
Recent changes
Contact page

Tools
What links here
Related changes
Upload file
Special pages
Permanent link
Page information
Wikidata item
Cite this page

Print/export
Create a book
Download as PDF
Printable version

Languages
Deutsch
Español
فارسی
Français
Galego
한국어
Italiano
Kiswahili
Magyar
Nederlands
日本語
Norsk bokmål
Norsk nynorsk
Polski
Português
Русский
Simple English
Suomi
Svenska
Türkçe
中文
Edit links
This page was last modified on 26 May 2015, at 22:41.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License; additional terms may apply. By using this site, you agree to the Terms of Use and Privacy Policy. Wikipedia® is a registered trademark of the Wikimedia Foundation, Inc., a non-profit organization.
Privacy policy
About Wikipedia
Disclaimers
Contact Wikipedia
Developers
Mobile view
Wikimedia Foundation
Powered by MediaWiki
 

 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Randy_Jackson_(The_Jacksons)








Randy Jackson (The Jacksons)

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Jump to: navigation, search

For other people named Randy Jackson, see Randy Jackson (disambiguation).


 This biographical article needs additional citations for verification. Please help by adding reliable sources. Contentious material about living persons that is unsourced or poorly sourced must be removed immediately, especially if potentially libelous or harmful. (February 2012)

Randy Jackson

Birth name
Steven Randall Jackson
Born
October 29, 1961 (age 53)
Gary, Indiana, U.S.
Genres
R&B, pop, new jack swing
Occupation(s)
Musician, singer, songwriter
Instruments
Vocals, percussion, keyboards, bass guitar
Years active
1971–90, 2001
Labels
CBS, Epic, A&M
Associated acts
The Jacksons
Website
Official website



 First row, from left: Janet Jackson, Randy Jackson, La Toya Jackson, Rebbie Jackson (1977)
Steven Randall "Randy" Jackson (born October 29, 1961) is an American singer and musician. He is best known as a former member of The Jacksons. Nicknamed "Little Randy", he is the youngest of the Jackson brothers, and the second youngest of the nine Jackson whole siblings, before sister Janet.
Randy was only three when the Jackson 5 was formed and therefore was not an original member. While his brothers toured, he honed his skills as a musician, mastering piano.


Contents  [hide]
1 Personal life
2 Career 2.1 The Jacksons
2.2 After The Jacksons
3 Discography 3.1 Promotional singles
4 Randy and the Gypsys discography 4.1 Studio albums
4.2 Singles
4.3 Promotional singles
5 References
6 External links

Personal life[edit]
Randy was born in Gary, Indiana to Joseph Jackson and Katherine Jackson. He was the youngest son and the second youngest Jackson sibling before his sister Janet Jackson.
Jackson has two children with his ex-girlfriend Alejandra Oaziaza. He also has one daughter with his ex-wife Eliza Shaffy.[citation needed]
Career[edit]
The Jacksons[edit]
Randy first officially appeared live with his brothers at the end of 1971. The event was a Christmas show the Jackson 5 held for blind children. Although he was on every Jackson 5 tour from 1972 forward mainly playing the congas among other instruments, Randy didn't officially join the family band until 1975 when they left Motown Records for Epic Records and older brother Jermaine chose to stay with Motown, prompting Randy to replace him. The Jackson 5 officially changed their name to The Jacksons when they signed with Epic due in part to the fact Motown owned the name The Jackson 5. At the age of 16, he co-wrote The Jacksons' most successful single on Epic, "Shake Your Body (Down to the Ground)" with Michael. He is widely thought of as the most talented instrumentalist of the Jackson brothers, playing congas, percussion, drums, keyboards, piano, bass, guitar and assorted other instruments. In addition to singing and playing on the Jacksons' recordings, he worked with Michael on his Off the Wall album.
On February 4, 1980, Randy was seriously injured in a car crash in Hollywood, California. In June 1980, he appeared on the cover of the weekly African-American newsmagazine Jet. The cover headline read: "Randy Jackson Walks Again: Talks About His Future."[1]
Jackson was able to fully participate in the Jacksons' 1981 Triumph Tour and in the band's later projects. After the record-setting Victory Tour in 1984, Michael and Marlon left the band. Randy and his remaining three brothers later made one last album. He was part of the Jacksons 2001 reunion at Madison Square Garden, but chose not to appear on their 2009 A&E reality series The Jacksons: A Family Dynasty. However, he did contribute backing vocals with Jackie, Tito and Jermaine for Michael's This Is It.
After The Jacksons[edit]
After recording the 2300 Jackson Street album, the group disbanded and focused on separate projects in 1990. After this split, Jackson formed his own band, Randy & the Gypsys. The group only released one album before breaking up. On June 28, 1998, Jackson opened up his own record label Modern Records.
On June 25, 2009, his older brother Michael Jackson died after suffering a cardiac arrest at his home. On July 7, 2009, Jackson attended Michael's memorial service along with his brothers and family. Randy gave his first interview since the death of his brother on CNN during a live segment on June 10, 2010.
Discography[edit]
Promotional singles[edit]

Title
Year

"How Can I Be Sure"
1978
Randy and the Gypsys discography[edit]
Studio albums[edit]

Title
Album details

Randy & the Gypsys
##Released: October 4, 1989
##Formats: LP, CD, cassette
##Label: A&M

Singles[edit]

Title
Year
Album

"Perpetrators"
1989 Randy & the Gypsys
"Not Because of Me"

"Love You Honey"

Promotional singles[edit]

Title
Year
Album

"The Love We Almost Had"
1989 Randy & the Gypsys
References[edit]

Portal icon The Jackson Family portal
1.Jump up ^ Jet magazine; June 19, 1980
External links[edit]
##Randy Jackson on Twitter


[show]
v ·
 t ·
 e
 
The Jackson 5/The Jacksons

































































































Wikipedia book
Category
Portal




[show]
v ·
 t ·
 e
 
Jackson family







































Portal




Authority control
WorldCat ·
 VIAF: 54336449 ·
 LCCN: n91082945 ·
 ISNI: 0000 0001 1444 3986 ·
 GND: 134415434 ·
 BNF: cb139370411 (data) ·
 MusicBrainz: 593abf14-4292-4d62-b365-79c7674cd1a5
 




 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  


Categories: 1961 births
20th-century American singers
21st-century American singers
African-American male singers
African-American singer-songwriters
American bass guitarists
American guitarists
American keyboardists
American male singers
American multi-instrumentalists
American percussionists
American pop singers
American rhythm and blues musicians
American rhythm and blues singers
Former Jehovah's Witnesses
Jackson musical family
Living people
Musicians from Gary, Indiana
The Jackson 5 members















Navigation menu



Create account
Log in



Article

Talk









Read

Edit

View history

















Main page
Contents
Featured content
Current events
Random article
Donate to Wikipedia
Wikipedia store

Interaction
Help
About Wikipedia
Community portal
Recent changes
Contact page

Tools
What links here
Related changes
Upload file
Special pages
Permanent link
Page information
Wikidata item
Cite this page

Print/export
Create a book
Download as PDF
Printable version

Languages
Deutsch
Español
فارسی
Français
Galego
한국어
Italiano
Kiswahili
Magyar
Nederlands
日本語
Norsk bokmål
Norsk nynorsk
Polski
Português
Русский
Simple English
Suomi
Svenska
Türkçe
中文
Edit links
This page was last modified on 26 May 2015, at 22:41.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License; additional terms may apply. By using this site, you agree to the Terms of Use and Privacy Policy. Wikipedia® is a registered trademark of the Wikimedia Foundation, Inc., a non-profit organization.
Privacy policy
About Wikipedia
Disclaimers
Contact Wikipedia
Developers
Mobile view
Wikimedia Foundation
Powered by MediaWiki
 

 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Randy_Jackson_(The_Jacksons)









Tito Jackson

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Jump to: navigation, search
For the Boston City Council member, see Tito Jackson
Tito Jackson

Birth name
Toriano Adaryll Jackson
Born
October 15, 1953 (age 61)
Gary, Indiana, U.S.
Genres
Blues, R&B
Occupation(s)
Singer, songwriter, instrumentalist
Instruments
Vocals, guitar, keyboards, synthesizer, programming
Years active
1964–present
Labels
Steeltown, Epic, Motown
Associated acts
The Jackson 5
Website
www.titojackson.com
Toriano Adaryll "Tito" Jackson[citation needed] (born October 14, 1953)[citation needed] is an American singer and guitarist and original member of The Jackson 5 and The Jacksons, who rose to fame in the late 1960s with the Motown label, later finding success under the Epic label in the 1970s and 1980s.


Contents  [hide]
1 Early life
2 Career 2.1 Solo work and other projects
3 Personal life
4 In popular culture
5 Discography 5.1 Singles
6 References

Early life[edit]
Jackson was born the third of ten children in a black working-class family who lived in a three-room house in Gary, Indiana, an industrial city near Chicago. His father, Joe, was a steel mill worker while his mother, Katherine, was a devout Jehovah's Witness. At ten years of age, he was caught performing his father's guitar after he broke a string.[1] After fixing the string, Joe demanded his son to play for him. Once he was finished, Jackson's father bought him his own guitar. Shortly thereafter, Joseph convinced Tito, Jackie and Jermaine to form a singing group, having been impressed with the vocals of Jackie and Jermaine. Tito did not sing much with his brothers, a pattern that continued even after signing with Motown.
Career[edit]
Main article: The Jackson 5
After first performing in school functions and supermarkets, the brothers began participating in local talent shows when Jackson was 12. By then, his younger brother Michael, then seven, had become the official lead singer of the group. In 1966, they changed their name from The Jackson Brothers to The Jackson Five, and won several talent shows around the Gary area. After winning the Amateur Night competition for The Apollo Theater in August 1967, Joe Jackson only began to work part-time at the steel mills to help his sons secure a recording contract, signing with Steeltown Records in November of the year. In January 1968, the Jackson Five's first single, "Big Boy", was released on Steeltown.
In 1969, they signed with Motown Records and scored several hit songs, including the number-one singles, "I Want You Back", "ABC", "The Love You Save" and "I'll Be There". Though Tito sometimes added brief lead vocals on some songs, he and Marlon rarely sang background harmony work with the other brothers until much later in their careers. Despite his talent as a guitar player, Motown refused to allow Tito to perform guitar on any of the Jackson 5 recording sessions. All of their guitar parts were performed by session musicians. Tito's guitar work made its debut after he and the Jacksons left Motown for CBS Records in 1976. He also began writing songs with his brothers during this period though he didn't sing any lead parts and, like before, didn't participate in harmony work.
Tito, along with Jackie, were the most consistent members of the Jacksons, with Jermaine, Marlon, Michael and Randy, leaving at different times. After the end of the Victory Tour, Tito performed session work and also as a record producer. After releasing 2300 Jackson Street, the Jacksons ceased recording work. After years managing his sons' family group, 3T, Jackson returned to the national spotlight after reuniting with his brothers on Michael's 30th anniversary concert special at Madison Square Garden.
Solo work and other projects[edit]
Jackson began a solo career in 2003 performing as a blues musician in various clubs with his band, which includes producer and guitarist Angelo Earl and a management team that includes Ed Tate. In 2007, in the United Kingdom, Jackson appeared as a judge on the BBC celebrity singing competition Just the Two of Us for series two of the show. He replaced singer Lulu who was a judge on series one. His co-judges were vocal coach CeCe Sammy, musician Stewart Copeland and radio DJ Trevor Nelson. During the tenure of his brothers' reality series, 2009's The Jacksons: A Family Dynasty, he served as one of the executive producers alongside his other brothers.
During the summer of 2012, Jackson reunited with brothers Jackie, Marlon, and Jermaine by going on tour.
Personal life[edit]



Taryll, TJ and Taj Jackson
Tito married Delores "Dee Dee" Martes (April 1, 1955 – August 27, 1994) in June 1972 at the age of 18, and later divorced in 1993.[2] In 1994, Martes was found dead floating in a swimming pool. The death was originally ruled accidental, however a Los Angeles business man, Donald Bohana, was subsequently charged with murdering her and later found guilty of second-degree murder in 2000.[3] The couple had three sons, who compose the musical group 3T:
Toriano Adaryll Jackson II. ("Taj") (born August 4, 1973)
Taryll Adren Jackson (born August 8, 1975)
Tito Joe Jackson ("TJ") (born July 16, 1978)
He also has six grandchildren. He has four through TJ, two from Taryll (Bryce and Adren).[4][5]
In popular culture[edit]
Tito was portrayed by Gerrick Winston in the 2004 film Man in the Mirror: The Michael Jackson Story, the biopic of Michael Jackson which first aired on VH1 and was satirized by comedian Aries Spears in an episode of MadTV that featured La Toya Jackson as she played in a skit attacking TV host Jay Leno for his constant jokes on her family.
In the 1992 biopic The Jacksons: An American Dream in which the Jackson family's rise to fame was chronicled, younger Tito was portrayed by Shakiem Jamar Evans while the older Tito was portrayed by Angel Vargas.
In a famous scene from the film Rush Hour, Chris Tucker told Jackie Chan, "I'm Michael Jackson, you're Tito." The same quote is repeated in Rush Hour 2.
In the 1998 Adam Sandler film The Wedding Singer, the line "say hello to your brother Tito for me" was said by Sandler's character to his friend who was wearing a jacket similar to the red one worn and made famous by Tito's brother Michael in his video for "Beat It".
Discography[edit]
Singles[edit]

Title
Year

"We Made It"
2011
References[edit]
1.Jump up ^ Jackson, La Toya; Patricia Romanowski (1991). La Toya: Growing up in the Jackson Family. New American Library. ISBN 0-451-17415-1.
2.Jump up ^ Dillon, Nancy; McShane, Larry; Schapiro, Rich (June 28, 2008). "Nanny says Michael Jackson's stomach had to be pumped regularly". nydailynews.com (New York Daily News). Retrieved 2009-06-28.
3.Jump up ^ "Michael Jackson's Nephew Discusses Court Proceedings". OK! Magazine. August 21, 2009. Retrieved 2013-09-29.
4.Jump up ^ "TJ". Retrieved 2014-02-26.
5.Jump up ^ "Taryll". Retrieved 2014-02-26.

Portal icon The Jackson Family portal


[show]
v ·
 t ·
 e
 
The Jackson 5/The Jacksons

































































































Wikipedia book
Category
Portal




[show]
v ·
 t ·
 e
 
Jackson family







































Portal




Authority control
WorldCat ·
 VIAF: 79613337 ·
 LCCN: n93114628 ·
 ISNI: 0000 0000 7826 5675 ·
 GND: 134415493 ·
 BNF: cb140472792 (data) ·
 MusicBrainz: 19a3943b-19fb-4781-a585-afe9f46fd6d1
 




 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  


Categories: 1953 births
20th-century American singers
21st-century American singers
African-American musicians
African-American singers
American baritones
American blues guitarists
American male singers
American pop singers
American rhythm and blues guitarists
Former Jehovah's Witnesses
Jackson musical family
Living people
Musicians from Gary, Indiana
Reality television judges
The Jackson 5 members













Navigation menu



Create account
Log in



Article

Talk









Read

Edit

View history

















Main page
Contents
Featured content
Current events
Random article
Donate to Wikipedia
Wikipedia store

Interaction
Help
About Wikipedia
Community portal
Recent changes
Contact page

Tools
What links here
Related changes
Upload file
Special pages
Permanent link
Page information
Wikidata item
Cite this page

Print/export
Create a book
Download as PDF
Printable version

Languages
Azərbaycanca
Dansk
Deutsch
Español
فارسی
Français
Galego
한국어
Ido
Italiano
Magyar
Nederlands
日本語
Norsk nynorsk
Polski
Português
Русский
Simple English
Suomi
Svenska
Türkçe
中文
Edit links
This page was last modified on 8 May 2015, at 01:33.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License; additional terms may apply. By using this site, you agree to the Terms of Use and Privacy Policy. Wikipedia® is a registered trademark of the Wikimedia Foundation, Inc., a non-profit organization.
Privacy policy
About Wikipedia
Disclaimers
Contact Wikipedia
Developers
Mobile view
Wikimedia Foundation
Powered by MediaWiki
 

 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tito_Jackson








Tito Jackson

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Jump to: navigation, search
For the Boston City Council member, see Tito Jackson
Tito Jackson

Birth name
Toriano Adaryll Jackson
Born
October 15, 1953 (age 61)
Gary, Indiana, U.S.
Genres
Blues, R&B
Occupation(s)
Singer, songwriter, instrumentalist
Instruments
Vocals, guitar, keyboards, synthesizer, programming
Years active
1964–present
Labels
Steeltown, Epic, Motown
Associated acts
The Jackson 5
Website
www.titojackson.com
Toriano Adaryll "Tito" Jackson[citation needed] (born October 14, 1953)[citation needed] is an American singer and guitarist and original member of The Jackson 5 and The Jacksons, who rose to fame in the late 1960s with the Motown label, later finding success under the Epic label in the 1970s and 1980s.


Contents  [hide]
1 Early life
2 Career 2.1 Solo work and other projects
3 Personal life
4 In popular culture
5 Discography 5.1 Singles
6 References

Early life[edit]
Jackson was born the third of ten children in a black working-class family who lived in a three-room house in Gary, Indiana, an industrial city near Chicago. His father, Joe, was a steel mill worker while his mother, Katherine, was a devout Jehovah's Witness. At ten years of age, he was caught performing his father's guitar after he broke a string.[1] After fixing the string, Joe demanded his son to play for him. Once he was finished, Jackson's father bought him his own guitar. Shortly thereafter, Joseph convinced Tito, Jackie and Jermaine to form a singing group, having been impressed with the vocals of Jackie and Jermaine. Tito did not sing much with his brothers, a pattern that continued even after signing with Motown.
Career[edit]
Main article: The Jackson 5
After first performing in school functions and supermarkets, the brothers began participating in local talent shows when Jackson was 12. By then, his younger brother Michael, then seven, had become the official lead singer of the group. In 1966, they changed their name from The Jackson Brothers to The Jackson Five, and won several talent shows around the Gary area. After winning the Amateur Night competition for The Apollo Theater in August 1967, Joe Jackson only began to work part-time at the steel mills to help his sons secure a recording contract, signing with Steeltown Records in November of the year. In January 1968, the Jackson Five's first single, "Big Boy", was released on Steeltown.
In 1969, they signed with Motown Records and scored several hit songs, including the number-one singles, "I Want You Back", "ABC", "The Love You Save" and "I'll Be There". Though Tito sometimes added brief lead vocals on some songs, he and Marlon rarely sang background harmony work with the other brothers until much later in their careers. Despite his talent as a guitar player, Motown refused to allow Tito to perform guitar on any of the Jackson 5 recording sessions. All of their guitar parts were performed by session musicians. Tito's guitar work made its debut after he and the Jacksons left Motown for CBS Records in 1976. He also began writing songs with his brothers during this period though he didn't sing any lead parts and, like before, didn't participate in harmony work.
Tito, along with Jackie, were the most consistent members of the Jacksons, with Jermaine, Marlon, Michael and Randy, leaving at different times. After the end of the Victory Tour, Tito performed session work and also as a record producer. After releasing 2300 Jackson Street, the Jacksons ceased recording work. After years managing his sons' family group, 3T, Jackson returned to the national spotlight after reuniting with his brothers on Michael's 30th anniversary concert special at Madison Square Garden.
Solo work and other projects[edit]
Jackson began a solo career in 2003 performing as a blues musician in various clubs with his band, which includes producer and guitarist Angelo Earl and a management team that includes Ed Tate. In 2007, in the United Kingdom, Jackson appeared as a judge on the BBC celebrity singing competition Just the Two of Us for series two of the show. He replaced singer Lulu who was a judge on series one. His co-judges were vocal coach CeCe Sammy, musician Stewart Copeland and radio DJ Trevor Nelson. During the tenure of his brothers' reality series, 2009's The Jacksons: A Family Dynasty, he served as one of the executive producers alongside his other brothers.
During the summer of 2012, Jackson reunited with brothers Jackie, Marlon, and Jermaine by going on tour.
Personal life[edit]



Taryll, TJ and Taj Jackson
Tito married Delores "Dee Dee" Martes (April 1, 1955 – August 27, 1994) in June 1972 at the age of 18, and later divorced in 1993.[2] In 1994, Martes was found dead floating in a swimming pool. The death was originally ruled accidental, however a Los Angeles business man, Donald Bohana, was subsequently charged with murdering her and later found guilty of second-degree murder in 2000.[3] The couple had three sons, who compose the musical group 3T:
Toriano Adaryll Jackson II. ("Taj") (born August 4, 1973)
Taryll Adren Jackson (born August 8, 1975)
Tito Joe Jackson ("TJ") (born July 16, 1978)
He also has six grandchildren. He has four through TJ, two from Taryll (Bryce and Adren).[4][5]
In popular culture[edit]
Tito was portrayed by Gerrick Winston in the 2004 film Man in the Mirror: The Michael Jackson Story, the biopic of Michael Jackson which first aired on VH1 and was satirized by comedian Aries Spears in an episode of MadTV that featured La Toya Jackson as she played in a skit attacking TV host Jay Leno for his constant jokes on her family.
In the 1992 biopic The Jacksons: An American Dream in which the Jackson family's rise to fame was chronicled, younger Tito was portrayed by Shakiem Jamar Evans while the older Tito was portrayed by Angel Vargas.
In a famous scene from the film Rush Hour, Chris Tucker told Jackie Chan, "I'm Michael Jackson, you're Tito." The same quote is repeated in Rush Hour 2.
In the 1998 Adam Sandler film The Wedding Singer, the line "say hello to your brother Tito for me" was said by Sandler's character to his friend who was wearing a jacket similar to the red one worn and made famous by Tito's brother Michael in his video for "Beat It".
Discography[edit]
Singles[edit]

Title
Year

"We Made It"
2011
References[edit]
1.Jump up ^ Jackson, La Toya; Patricia Romanowski (1991). La Toya: Growing up in the Jackson Family. New American Library. ISBN 0-451-17415-1.
2.Jump up ^ Dillon, Nancy; McShane, Larry; Schapiro, Rich (June 28, 2008). "Nanny says Michael Jackson's stomach had to be pumped regularly". nydailynews.com (New York Daily News). Retrieved 2009-06-28.
3.Jump up ^ "Michael Jackson's Nephew Discusses Court Proceedings". OK! Magazine. August 21, 2009. Retrieved 2013-09-29.
4.Jump up ^ "TJ". Retrieved 2014-02-26.
5.Jump up ^ "Taryll". Retrieved 2014-02-26.

Portal icon The Jackson Family portal


[show]
v ·
 t ·
 e
 
The Jackson 5/The Jacksons

































































































Wikipedia book
Category
Portal




[show]
v ·
 t ·
 e
 
Jackson family







































Portal




Authority control
WorldCat ·
 VIAF: 79613337 ·
 LCCN: n93114628 ·
 ISNI: 0000 0000 7826 5675 ·
 GND: 134415493 ·
 BNF: cb140472792 (data) ·
 MusicBrainz: 19a3943b-19fb-4781-a585-afe9f46fd6d1
 




 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  


Categories: 1953 births
20th-century American singers
21st-century American singers
African-American musicians
African-American singers
American baritones
American blues guitarists
American male singers
American pop singers
American rhythm and blues guitarists
Former Jehovah's Witnesses
Jackson musical family
Living people
Musicians from Gary, Indiana
Reality television judges
The Jackson 5 members













Navigation menu



Create account
Log in



Article

Talk









Read

Edit

View history

















Main page
Contents
Featured content
Current events
Random article
Donate to Wikipedia
Wikipedia store

Interaction
Help
About Wikipedia
Community portal
Recent changes
Contact page

Tools
What links here
Related changes
Upload file
Special pages
Permanent link
Page information
Wikidata item
Cite this page

Print/export
Create a book
Download as PDF
Printable version

Languages
Azərbaycanca
Dansk
Deutsch
Español
فارسی
Français
Galego
한국어
Ido
Italiano
Magyar
Nederlands
日本語
Norsk nynorsk
Polski
Português
Русский
Simple English
Suomi
Svenska
Türkçe
中文
Edit links
This page was last modified on 8 May 2015, at 01:33.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License; additional terms may apply. By using this site, you agree to the Terms of Use and Privacy Policy. Wikipedia® is a registered trademark of the Wikimedia Foundation, Inc., a non-profit organization.
Privacy policy
About Wikipedia
Disclaimers
Contact Wikipedia
Developers
Mobile view
Wikimedia Foundation
Powered by MediaWiki
 

 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tito_Jackson







This is a featured article. Click here for more information.

Page semi-protected

Michael Jackson

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Jump to: navigation, search

For other people named Michael Jackson, see Michael Jackson (disambiguation).

Michael Jackson
Michael Jackson in 1988.jpg
Jackson performing in 1988, during the Bad world tour.

Born
Michael Joseph Jackson
August 29, 1958
Gary, Indiana, U.S.
Died
June 25, 2009 (aged 50)
Los Angeles, California, U.S.

Cause of death
 Cardiac arrest induced by propofol and benzodiazepine intoxication

Resting place
 Glendale, California, U.S.
Residence
Los Olivos, California, U.S.
Other names
Michael Joe Jackson
Occupation
Singer ·
 songwriter ·
 dancer ·
 actor ·
 record producer ·
 businessman ·
 philanthropist
 
Net worth
Increase U.S. $1.178 billion (2009 estimate)[1]
Religion
Jehovah's Witness (1965–1987)
 Christianity (1987–2009)
Spouse(s)
Lisa Marie Presley
 (m. 1994–1996; divorced)
Deborah Jeanne Rowe
 (m. 1996–1999; divorced)

Children
Michael Joseph Jackson, Jr.
 Paris-Michael Katherine Jackson
 Prince Michael Jackson II
Parent(s)
Joseph Walter Jackson
Katherine Esther Scruse
Musical career
Genres
Pop ·
 dance-pop ·
 R&B ·
 disco ·
 post-disco ·
 rock ·
 new jack swing
 
Instruments
Vocals
 
Years active
1964–2009
Labels
Steeltown ·
 Motown ·
 Epic ·
 Legacy ·
 MJJ Productions
 
Associated acts
The Jackson 5
Signature
Michael Jackson's signature
Michael Joseph Jackson[2][3] (August 29, 1958 – June 25, 2009) was an American singer, songwriter, record producer, dancer, and actor. Called the King of Pop,[4][5] his contributions to music and dance, along with his publicized personal life, made him a global figure in popular culture for over four decades.
The eighth child of the Jackson family, he debuted on the professional music scene along with his elder brothers Jackie, Tito, Jermaine, and Marlon as a member of the Jackson 5 in 1964, and began his solo career in 1971. In the early 1980s, Jackson became a dominant figure in popular music. The music videos for his songs, including those of "Beat It", "Billie Jean", and "Thriller", were credited with breaking down racial barriers and with transforming the medium into an art form and promotional tool. The popularity of these videos helped to bring the then-relatively-new television channel MTV to fame. With videos such as "Black or White" and "Scream", he continued to innovate the medium throughout the 1990s, as well as forging a reputation as a touring solo artist. Through stage and video performances, Jackson popularized a number of complicated dance techniques, such as the robot and the moonwalk, to which he gave the name. His distinctive sound and style has influenced numerous hip hop, post-disco, contemporary R&B, pop, and rock artists.
Jackson's 1982 album Thriller is the best selling album of all time. His other albums, including Off the Wall (1979), Bad (1987), Dangerous (1991), and HIStory (1995), also rank among the world's best selling albums. Jackson is one of the few artists to have been inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame twice. He was also inducted into the Songwriters Hall of Fame and the Dance Hall of Fame as the first and only dancer from pop and rock music. His other achievements include multiple Guinness World Records; 13 Grammy Awards, as well as the Grammy Legend Award and the Grammy Lifetime Achievement Award; 26 American Music Awards—more than any other artist—including the "Artist of the Century" and "Artist of the 1980s"; 13 number-one singles in the United States during his solo career, more than any other male artist in the Hot 100 era; and the estimated sale of over 400 million records worldwide.[Note 1] Jackson has won hundreds of awards, making him the most awarded recording artist in the history of popular music.[6] Jackson became the first artist in history to have a top ten single in the Billboard Hot 100 in five different decades when "Love Never Felt So Good" reached number nine on May 21, 2014.[7] Jackson traveled the world attending events honoring his humanitarianism, and, in 2000, the Guinness World Records recognized him for supporting 39 charities, more than any other entertainer.[8]
Aspects of Jackson's personal life, including his changing appearance, personal relationships, and behavior, generated controversy. In the mid-1990s, he was accused of child sexual abuse, but the civil case was settled out of court for an undisclosed amount and no formal charges were brought.[9] In 2005, he was tried and acquitted of further child sexual abuse allegations and several other charges after the jury found him not guilty on all counts. While preparing for his comeback concert series titled This Is It, Jackson died of acute propofol and benzodiazepine intoxication on June 25, 2009, after suffering from cardiac arrest. The Los Angeles County Coroner ruled his death a homicide, and his personal physician Conrad Murray was convicted of involuntary manslaughter. Jackson's death triggered a global outpouring of grief and a live broadcast of his public memorial service was viewed around the world.[10]


Contents  [hide]
1 Life and career 1.1 1958–75: Early life and the Jackson 5
1.2 1975–81: Move to Epic and Off the Wall
1.3 1982–83: Thriller and Motown 25: Yesterday, Today, Forever
1.4 1984–85: Pepsi, "We Are the World", and business career
1.5 1986–90: Appearance, tabloids, Bad, films, autobiography, and Neverland
1.6 1991–93: Dangerous, Heal the World Foundation, and Super Bowl XXVII
1.7 1993–94: First child sexual abuse allegations and first marriage
1.8 1995–99: HIStory, second marriage, and fatherhood
1.9 2000–03: Label dispute and Invincible
1.10 2003–05: Second child sexual abuse allegations and acquittal
1.11 2006–09: Closure of Neverland, final years, and This Is It
2 Death and memorial 2.1 Aftermath
3 Artistry 3.1 Influences
3.2 Musical themes and genres
3.3 Vocal style
3.4 Music videos and choreography
4 Legacy and influence
5 Honors and awards
6 Earnings and wealth 6.1 U.S. Federal estate tax problems
7 Discography
8 Filmography
9 Tours
10 See also
11 Notes
12 References 12.1 Citations
12.2 Sources
13 External links

Life and career
1958–75: Early life and the Jackson 5

The single-storey house has white walls, two windows, a central white door with a black door frame, and a black roof. In front of the house there is a walk way and multiple colored flowers and memorabilia.

 Jackson's childhood home in Gary, Indiana, showing floral tributes after his death
Michael Joseph Jackson was born on August 29, 1958. He was the eighth of ten children in an African-American working-class family who lived in a two-bedroom house in Gary, Indiana, an industrial city and a part of the Chicago metropolitan area.[11][12] His mother, Katherine Esther Scruse, was a devout Jehovah's Witness. She once aspired to be a country and western performer who played clarinet and piano, but worked part-time at Sears to help support the family.[13] His father, Joseph Walter "Joe" Jackson, a former boxer, was a steelworker at U.S. Steel. Joe also performed on guitar with a local R&B band called The Falcons to supplement the family's household income.[14] Michael grew up with three sisters (Rebbie, La Toya, and Janet) and five brothers (Jackie, Tito, Jermaine, Marlon, and Randy).[15] A sixth brother, Marlon's elder twin Brandon, died shortly after birth.[16]
Jackson had a troubled relationship with his father, Joe.[17][18] In 2003, Joe acknowledged that he regularly whipped Jackson as a boy.[19] Joe was also said to have verbally abused his son, often saying that he had a "fat nose".[20] Jackson stated that he was physically and emotionally abused during incessant rehearsals, though he also credited his father's strict discipline with playing a large role in his success.[17] Speaking openly about his childhood in an interview with Oprah Winfrey, broadcast in February 1993, Jackson acknowledged that his youth had been lonely and isolating.[21] Jackson's deep dissatisfaction with his appearance, his nightmares and chronic sleep problems, his tendency to remain hyper-compliant, especially with his father, and to remain childlike throughout his adult life, are consistent with the effects of the maltreatment he endured as a young child.[22]
In an interview with Martin Bashir, later included in the 2003 broadcast of Living with Michael Jackson, Jackson acknowledged that his father hurt him when he was a child, recalling that Joseph often sat in a chair with a belt in his hand as he and his siblings rehearsed, and that "if you didn't do it the right way, he would tear you up, really get you."[23][24] Both of Jackson's parents have disagreed with the longstanding allegations of abuse, with Katherine stating that while the whippings are considered abuse today, such action was a common way to discipline children back then.[25][26][27] Jackie, Tito, Jermaine and Marlon have also said that their father is not abusive, but rather misunderstood.[28]



 Jackson (center) as a member of the Jackson 5 in 1972
In 1965, Michael and Marlon joined the Jackson Brothers—a band formed by their father and which included brothers Jackie, Tito, and Jermaine—as backup musicians playing congas and tambourine. In 1966, Jackson began sharing lead vocals with his older brother Jermaine, and the group's name was changed to the Jackson 5.[15] That following year, the group won a major local talent show with Jackson performing James Brown's "I Got You (I Feel Good)".[29] From 1966 to 1968 the band toured the Midwest, frequently performing at a string of black clubs known as the "chitlin' circuit" as the opening act for R&B artists that included Sam and Dave, the O'Jays, Gladys Knight, and Etta James. The Jackson 5 also performed at clubs and cocktail lounges, where striptease shows and other adult acts were featured, and at local auditoriums and high school dances.[30][31] In August 1967, while touring the East coast, the group won a weekly amateur night concert at the Apollo Theater in Harlem.[32]
The Jackson 5 recorded several songs, including "Big Boy" (1968), their first single, for Steeltown Records, a Gary, Indiana, record label,[33] before signing with Motown Records in 1969.[15] The Jackson 5 left Gary in 1969 and relocated to the Los Angeles area, where they continued to record music for Motown.[34] Rolling Stone magazine later described the young Michael as "a prodigy" with "overwhelming musical gifts," writing that he "quickly emerged as the main draw and lead singer."[35] The group set a chart record when its first four singles—"I Want You Back" (1969), "ABC" (1970), "The Love You Save" (1970), and "I'll Be There" (1970)—peaked at number one on the Billboard Hot 100.[15] In May 1971, the Jackson family moved into a large home on two-acre estate in Encino, California,[36] where Michael evolved from child performer into a teen idol.[37] As Jackson began to emerge as a solo performer in the early 1970s, he continued to maintain ties to the Jackson 5 and Motown. Between 1972, when his solo career began, and 1975, Michael released four solo studio albums with Motown: Got to Be There (1972), Ben (1972), Music and Me (1973), and Forever, Michael (1975).[38] "Got to Be There" and "Ben", the title tracks from his first two solo albums, produced successful singles, as did a remake of Bobby Day's "Rockin' Robin".[39]
The Jackson 5 were later described as "a cutting-edge example of black crossover artists."[40] Although the group's sales began declining in 1973, and the band members chafed under Motown's refusal to allow them creative control or input, they continued to score several top 40 hits, including the top five single, "Dancing Machine" (1974), before the group left Motown in 1975.[41]
1975–81: Move to Epic and Off the Wall
In June 1975, the Jackson 5 signed with Epic Records, a subsidiary of CBS Records,[41] and renamed themselves the Jacksons. Younger brother Randy formally joined the band around this time, while Jermaine chose to stay with Motown and pursue a solo career.[42] The Jacksons continued to tour internationally, and released six more albums between 1976 and 1984. Michael, the group's lead songwriter during this time, wrote hits such as "Shake Your Body (Down to the Ground)" (1979), "This Place Hotel" (1980), and "Can You Feel It" (1980).[29] Jackson's work in film began in 1978, when he starred as the Scarecrow in The Wiz, a musical directed by Sidney Lumet that also starred Diana Ross, Nipsey Russell, and Ted Ross.[43] The film was a box-office disaster.[44] While working on the film Jackson met Quincy Jones, who was arranging the film's musical score, and Jones agreed to produce Jackson's next solo album, Off the Wall.[45] In 1979, Jackson broke his nose during a complex dance routine. His subsequent rhinoplasty was not a complete success; he complained of breathing difficulties that would affect his career. He was referred to Dr. Steven Hoefflin, who performed Jackson's second rhinoplasty and subsequent operations.[46]
Off the Wall (1979), which Jones and Jackson co-produced, established Jackson as a solo performer. The album helped Jackson transition from the "bubblegum pop" of his youth to the more complex sounds he would create as an adult.[47] Songwriters for the album included Jackson, Rod Temperton, Stevie Wonder, and Paul McCartney. Off the Wall was the first solo album to generate four top 10 hits in the United States: "Off the Wall", "She’s Out of My Life", and the chart-topping singles "Don't Stop 'til You Get Enough" and "Rock with You".[48][49] The album reached number three on the Billboard 200 and eventually sold over 20 million copies worldwide.[50] In 1980, Jackson won three awards at the American Music Awards for his solo efforts: Favorite Soul/R&B Album, Favorite Soul/R&B Male Artist, and Favorite Soul/R&B Single for "Don't Stop 'Til You Get Enough".[51][52] He also won Billboard Year-End awards for Top Black Artist and Top Black Album, and a Grammy Award for Best Male R&B Vocal Performance for 1979 with "Don't Stop 'Til You Get Enough".[48] In 1981 Jackson was the American Music Awards winner for Favorite Soul/R&B Album and Favorite Soul/R&B Male Artist.[53] Despite its commercial success, Jackson felt Off the Wall should have made a much bigger impact, and was determined to exceed expectations with his next release.[54] In 1980, he secured the highest royalty rate in the music industry: 37 percent of wholesale album profit.[55]
1982–83: Thriller and Motown 25: Yesterday, Today, Forever
In 1982, Jackson combined his interests in songwriting and film when he contributed the song "Someone In the Dark" to the storybook for the film E.T. the Extra-Terrestrial. The song, with Quincy Jones as its producer, won a Grammy for Best Recording for Children for 1983.[56] Even more success came after the release of Thriller in late 1982. The album earned Jackson seven more Grammys[56] and eight American Music Awards, including the Award of Merit, the youngest artist to win it.[57]
"Thriller" was the best-selling album worldwide in 1983.[58][59] It became the best-selling album of all time in the United States,[60] and the best-selling album of all time worldwide, selling an estimated 65 million copies.[61] The album topped the Billboard 200 chart for 37 weeks and was in the top 10 of the 200 for 80 consecutive weeks. It was the first album to have seven Billboard Hot 100 top 10 singles, including "Billie Jean", "Beat It", and "Wanna Be Startin' Somethin'".[62] In March 2009 Thriller was certified for 29 million shipments by the RIAA,[63] giving it Double Diamond status in the United States. Thriller won Jackson and Quincy Jones the Grammy award for Producer of the Year (Non-Classical) for 1983. It also won Album of the Year, with Jackson as the album’s artist and Jones as its co-producer, and a Best Pop Vocal Performance, Male, award for Jackson. "Beat It" won Record of the Year, with Jackson as artist and Jones as co-producer, and a Best Rock Vocal Performance, Male, award for Jackson. "Billie Jean" won Jackson two Grammy awards, Best R&B Song, with Jackson as its songwriter, and Best R&B Vocal Performance, Male, as its artist.[56] Thriller also won another Grammy for Best Engineered Recording – Non Classical in 1984, awarding Bruce Swedien for his work on the album.[64] The AMA Awards for 1984 provided Jackson with an Award of Merit and AMAs for Favorite Male Artist, Soul/R&B, and Favorite Male Artist, Pop/Rock. "Beat It" won Jackson AMAs for Favorite Video, Soul/R&B, Favorite Video, Pop/Rock, and Favorite Single, Pop/Rock. Thriller won him AMAs for Favorite Album, Soul/R&B, and Favorite Album, Pop/Rock.[57][65]
In addition to the award-winning album, Jackson released "Thriller", a fourteen-minute music video short directed by John Landis, in 1983.[66] It "defined music videos and broke racial barriers" on the Music Television Channel (MTV), a fledgling entertainment television channel at the time.[47] In December 2009, the Library of Congress selected the music video for "Thriller" for inclusion in the National Film Registry. It was one of twenty-five films named that year as "works of enduring importance to American culture" that would be "preserved for all time."[67][68] The zombie-themed "Thriller" is the first and, as of 2009, the only music video to be inducted into the registry.[66][68][69]
Jackson's attorney John Branca noted that Jackson had the highest royalty rate in the music industry at that point: approximately $2 for every album sold. He was also making record-breaking profits from sales of his recordings. The videocassette of the documentary The Making of Michael Jackson's Thriller sold over 350,000 copies in a few months. The era saw the arrival of novelties like dolls modeled after Michael Jackson, which appeared in stores in May 1984 at a price of $12.[70] Biographer J. Randy Taraborrelli writes that, "Thriller stopped selling like a leisure item—like a magazine, a toy, tickets to a hit movie—and started selling like a household staple."[71] In 1985, The Making of Michael Jackson's Thriller won a Grammy for Best Music Video, Longform.[56] Time described Jackson's influence at that point as "Star of records, radio, rock video. A one-man rescue team for the music business. A songwriter who sets the beat for a decade. A dancer with the fanciest feet on the street. A singer who cuts across all boundaries of taste and style and color too".[70] The New York Times wrote that, "in the world of pop music, there is Michael Jackson and there is everybody else".[72]
A defining point in Jackson's career took place on March 25, 1983, when Michael reunited with his brothers for a legendary live performance, which was taped at the Pasadena Civic Auditorium, for Motown 25: Yesterday, Today, Forever, an NBC television special. The show aired on May 16, 1983, to an estimated audience of 47 million viewers, and featured the Jacksons and other Motown stars.[73] The show is best remembered for Jackson's solo performance of "Billie Jean", which earned Jackson his first Emmy nomination.[74] Wearing a distinctive black-sequined jacket and a golf glove decorated with rhinestones, he debuted his signature dance move, the moonwalk, which former Soul Train dancer and Shalamar member Jeffrey Daniel had taught him three years earlier.[75] Jackson originally turned down the invitation to perform at the show, believing he had been doing too much television at the time. However at the request of Berry Gordy, Jackson relented and agreed to perform at the show in exchange for time to do a solo performance.[76] According to Rolling Stones reporter Mikal Gilmore, "There are times when you know you are hearing or seeing something extraordinary...that came that night."[37] Jackson's performance drew comparisons to Elvis Presley's and the Beatles' appearances on The Ed Sullivan Show.[77] Anna Kisselgoff of The New York Times later wrote, "The moonwalk that he made famous is an apt metaphor for his dance style. How does he do it? As a technician, he is a great illusionist, a genuine mime. His ability to keep one leg straight as he glides while the other bends and seems to walk requires perfect timing."[78] Berry Gordy said of the performance, "from the first beat of Billie Jean, I was mesmerized, and when he did his iconic moonwalk, I was shocked, it was magic, Michael Jackson went into orbit, and never came down."[79]
1984–85: Pepsi, "We Are the World", and business career
By the mid-1980s Jackson's award-winning musical career contributed to his commercial appeal, which proved to be substantial. In November 1983 Jackson, along with his brothers, partnered with PepsiCo in a $5 million promotional deal that broke advertising industry records for a celebrity endorsement. The first Pepsi campaign, which ran in the United States from 1983 to 1984 and launched its "New Generation" theme, included advertising, tour sponsorship, public relations events, and in-store displays. Jackson, who was actively involved in creating the iconic Pepsi advertisement, suggested using his song, "Billie Jean", as its musical jingle with a revised chorus.[80] According a Billboard report in 2009, Brian J. Murphy, executive VP of branded management at TBA Global, commented, "You couldn’t separate the tour from the endorsement from the licensing of the music, and then the integration of the music into the Pepsi fabric."[80]
On January 27, 1984, Michael and other members of the Jacksons filmed a Pepsi Cola commercial that was overseen by executive Phil Dusenberry,[81] a BBDO ad agency executive, and Alan Pottasch, Pepsi's Worldwide Creative Director, at the Shrine Auditorium in Los Angeles. In front of a full house of fans during a simulated concert, pyrotechnics accidentally set Jackson's hair on fire, causing second-degree burns to his scalp. Jackson underwent treatment to hide the scars on his scalp, and had his third rhinoplasty shortly thereafter.[46] Pepsi settled out of court, and Jackson donated his $1.5 million settlement to the Brotman Medical Center in Culver City, California. Its Michael Jackson Burn Center is named in his honor.[82] Dusenberry later recounted the episode in his memoir, Then We Set His Hair on Fire: Insights and Accidents from a Hall of Fame Career in Advertising. Jackson signed a second agreement with Pepsi in the late 1980s for a reported $10 million. The second campaign had a global reach to more than twenty countries and provided financial support for Jackson's Bad album and his world tour in 1987–88.[80] Although Jackson had endorsements and advertising deals with other companies, such as L.A. Gear, Suzuki, and Sony, none were as significant as his deals with Pepsi, which later signed other music stars such as Britney Spears and Beyoncé to promote its products.[80][80][83]

President Reagan wearing a suit and tie stands at a podium and turns to smile at Mrs Reagan, who is wearing a white outfit, and Jackson, who is wearing a white shirt with a blue jacket and a yellow strap across his chest.

 Jackson at the White House being presented with an award by President Ronald Reagan and first lady Nancy Reagan, 1984
Jackson’s humanitarian work was recognized on May 14, 1984, when he was invited to the White House to receive an award from President Ronald Reagan for his support of charities that helped people overcome alcohol and drug abuse,[84] and in recognition of his support for the Ad Council's and the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration's Drunk Driving Prevention campaign. Jackson donated the use of "Beat It" for the campaign's public service announcements.[85]
Unlike later albums, Thriller did not have an official tour to promote it, but the Victory Tour of 1984 headlined The Jacksons and showcased much of Jackson's new solo material to more than two million Americans. It was the last tour he would do with his brothers.[86] Following a controversy over the concert's ticket sales, Jackson held a press conference and announced that he would donate his share of the proceeds from the Victory Tour, an estimated $3 to 5 million, to charity.[87][88] Jackson's charitable work and humanitarian awards continued with the release of "We Are the World" (1985), which he co-wrote with Lionel Richie.[89] Released worldwide in March 1985 to aid the poor in the United States and Africa, the song earned $63 million for famine relief,[90] and became one of the best-selling singles of all time, with nearly 20 million copies sold. "We Are the World" won four Grammys for 1985, including Song of the Year going to Jackson and Richie as its co-songwriters.[89] Although the American Music Award directors removed the charity song from the competition because they felt it would be inappropriate, the AMA show in 1986 concluded with a tribute to the song in honor of its first anniversary. (The song was recorded on January 28, 1985).[91] The project's creators received two special AMA honors: one for the creation of the song and another for the USA for Africa idea. Jackson, Quincy Jones, and entertainment promoter Ken Kragan received special awards for their roles in creation of the song.[91][92][93][94]
Jackson's financial interests in the music publishing business expanded after collaborating with Paul McCartney in the early 1980s. He subsequently learned that McCartney made approximately $40 million a year from other people's songs.[90] By 1983 Jackson had begun investing in publishing rights to songs that others had written, but he was careful with his acquisitions, only bidding on a few of the dozens that were offered to him. Jackson’s early acquisitions of music catalogs and song copyrights such as the Sly Stone collection included "Everyday People" (1968), Len Barry's "1–2–3" (1965), and Dion DiMucci's "The Wanderer" (1961) and "Runaround Sue" (1961); however, Jackson's most significant purchase came in 1985, when he acquired the publishing rights to ATV Music Publishing after months of negotiation.[90] ATV had acquired the publishing rights to nearly 4000 songs, including the Northern Songs catalog that contained the majority of the Lennon–McCartney compositions recorded by the Beatles.[95]
In 1984, Robert Holmes à Court, the wealthy Australian investor who owned ATV Music Publishing, announced he was putting the ATV catalog up for sale.[95] In 1981,[96] McCartney was offered the ATV music catalog for £20 million ($40 million).[90][97] According to McCartney, he contacted Yoko Ono about making a joint purchase by splitting the cost at £10 million each, but Ono thought they could buy it for £5 million each.[90][97] When they were unable to make a joint purchase, McCartney, who did not want to be the sole owner of the Beatles' songs, did not pursue an offer on his own.[96][97] According to a negotiator for Holmes à Court in the 1984 sale, "We had given Paul McCartney first right of refusal but Paul didn't want it at that time."[98]
Jackson was first informed about the sale by his attorney, John Branca, in September 1984.[95] An attorney for McCartney also assured Branca that McCartney was not interested in bidding. McCartney reportedly said "It's too pricey",[90][96] but several other companies and investors were interested in bidding. Jackson submitted a bid of $46 million on November 20, 1984.[95] His agents thought they had a deal several times, but encountered new bidders or new areas of debate. In May 1985, Jackson's team walked away from talks after having spent more than $1 million and four months of due diligence work on the negotiations.[95] In June 1985 Jackson and Branca learned that Charles Koppelman's and Marty Bandier's The Entertainment Company had made a tentative agreement with Holmes à Court to buy ATV Music for $50 million; however, in early August, Holmes à Court's team contacted Jackson and talks resumed. Jackson raised his bid to $47.5 million, which was accepted because he could close the deal more quickly, having already completed due diligence of ATV Music.[95] Jackson also agreed to visit Holmes à Court in Australia, where he would appear on the Channel Seven Perth Telethon.[98] Jackson's purchase of ATV Music was finalized on August 10, 1985.[95]
1986–90: Appearance, tabloids, Bad, films, autobiography, and Neverland
See also: Michael Jackson's health and appearance
Jackson's skin had been a medium-brown color for the entire duration of his youth, but starting in the mid-1980s, it gradually grew paler. The change gained widespread media coverage, including rumors that he might be bleaching his skin.[99] According to J. Randy Taraborrelli's biography, in 1986, Jackson was diagnosed with vitiligo which Taroberrelli noted, may be a consequence of skin bleaching. Taraborelli claimed Jackson was diagnosed with lupus; the vitiligo partially lightened his skin, and the lupus was in remission; both illnesses made him sensitive to sunlight. The treatments he used for his condition further lightened his skin tone, and, with the application of pancake makeup to even out blotches, he could appear very pale.[100] Jackson was also diagnosed with vitiligo in his autopsy though not with lupus.[101]
Jackson claimed that he had only two rhinoplasties and no other surgery on his face, although at one point he mentioned having a dimple created in his chin. Jackson lost weight in the early 1980s because of a change in diet and a desire for "a dancer's body".[102] Witnesses reported that he was often dizzy and speculated that he was suffering from anorexia nervosa; periods of weight loss would become a recurring problem later in life.[103]
During the course of his treatment, Jackson made two close friends: his dermatologist, Dr. Arnold Klein, and Klein's nurse Debbie Rowe. Rowe eventually became Jackson's second wife and the mother of his two eldest children. He also relied heavily on Klein for medical and business advice.[104]
Jackson became the subject of increasingly sensational reports. In 1986, the tabloids ran a story claiming that Jackson slept in a hyperbaric oxygen chamber to slow the aging process; he was pictured lying down in a glass box. Although the claim was untrue, according to tabloid reports that are widely cited, Jackson had disseminated the fabricated story himself.[105] When Jackson bought a chimpanzee called Bubbles from a laboratory, he was reported to be increasingly detached from reality.[106] It was reported that Jackson had offered to buy the bones of Joseph Merrick (the "elephant man") and although untrue, Jackson did not deny the story.[107] Although initially he saw these stories as opportunities for publicity, he stopped leaking untruths to the press as they became more sensational. Consequently the media began making up their own stories.[105][108][109] These reports became embedded in the public consciousness, inspiring the nickname "Wacko Jacko", which Jackson came to despise.[110] Responding to the gossip, Jackson remarked to Taraborrelli:

Why not just tell people I'm an alien from Mars? Tell them I eat live chickens and do a voodoo dance at midnight. They'll believe anything you say, because you're a reporter. But if I, Michael Jackson, were to say, "I'm an alien from Mars and I eat live chickens and do a voodoo dance at midnight," people would say, "Oh, man, that Michael Jackson is nuts. He's cracked up. You can't believe a single word that comes out of his mouth."[111]

A black jacket with five round golden medals on its left and right shoulders, a gold band on its left arm sleeve, and two belt straps on the right bottom sleeve. Underneath the jacket is a golden belt, with a round ornament in its center.

 Jackson wore a gold-plated military style jacket with belt during the Bad era
Jackson collaborated with George Lucas and Francis Ford Coppola on the 17-minute 3-D film Captain EO, which debuted in September 1986 at both the original Disneyland and at EPCOT in Florida, and in March 1987 at Tokyo Disneyland. The $30 million movie was a popular attraction at all three parks. A Captain EO attraction was later featured at Euro Disneyland after that park opened in 1992. All four parks' Captain EO installations stayed open well into the 1990s: the Paris installation was the last one to close, in 1998.[112] The attraction would later return to Disneyland in 2010 after Jackson's death.[113]
In 1987, Jackson disassociated himself from the Jehovah's Witnesses, in response to their disapproval of the Thriller video.[114] With the industry expecting another major hit, Jackson's first album in five years, Bad (1987), was highly anticipated.[115] It did not top Thriller as a commercial or artistic triumph, but Bad was still a substantial success in its own right.



 Jackson performing in 1988
The Bad album spawned seven hit singles in the U.S., five of which ("I Just Can't Stop Loving You", "Bad", "The Way You Make Me Feel", "Man in the Mirror" and "Dirty Diana") reached number one on the Billboard Hot 100 charts. This was a record for most number one Hot 100 singles from any one album, including Thriller.[116] Although the title track's video was arguably derivative of the video for the earlier single "Beat It", the "Bad" video still proved to be one of Jackson's iconic moments. It was a gritty but colorful epic set against the backdrop of the New York City Subway system, with costuming and choreography inspired by West Side Story. As of 2012, the album sold between 30 to 45 million copies worldwide.[117][118][119][120][121][122] Thanks to the Bad album, Bruce Swedien, and Humberto Gatica won one Grammy in 1988 for Best Engineered Recording – Non Classical and Michael Jackson won one Grammy for Best Music Video, Short Form for "Leave Me Alone" in 1989.[56][64] In the same year, Jackson won an Award of Achievement at the American Music Awards because Bad is the first album ever to generate five number one singles in the U.S., the first album to top in 25 countries and the best-selling album worldwide in 1987 and in 1988.[123][124][125][126] In 1988, "Bad" won an American Music Award for Favorite Soul/R&B Single.[127]
The Bad world tour began on September 12 that year, finishing on January 14, 1989.[128] In Japan alone, the tour had 14 sellouts and drew 570,000 people, nearly tripling the previous record of 200,000 in a single tour.[129] Jackson broke a Guinness World Record when 504,000 people attended seven sold-out shows at Wembley Stadium.[130] He performed a total of 123 concerts to an audience of 4.4 million people.[131][132] The Bad Tour turned out to be the last of Jackson's concert tours to include shows in the continental United States, although later tours did make it to Hawaii.
In 1988, Jackson released his only autobiography, Moonwalk, which took four years to complete and sold 200,000 copies.[133] Jackson wrote about his childhood, the Jackson 5, and the abuse he had suffered.[134] He also wrote about his facial appearance, saying he had had two rhinoplastic surgeries and a dimple created in his chin.[102] He attributed much of the change in the structure of his face to puberty, weight loss, a strict vegetarian diet, a change in hair style, and stage lighting.[102] Moonwalk reached the top position on The New York Times best sellers' list.[135] The musician then released a film called Moonwalker, which featured live footage and short films that starred Jackson and Joe Pesci. The film was originally intended to be released to theaters, but due to financial issues, the film was released direct-to-video. It saw a theatrical release in Germany, though. It debuted atop the Billboard Top Music Video Cassette chart, staying there for 22 weeks. It was eventually knocked off the top spot by Michael Jackson: The Legend Continues.[136]
In March 1988, Jackson purchased land near Santa Ynez, California, to build Neverland Ranch at a cost of $17 million. He installed several carnival rides on the 2,700-acre (11 km2) property including a Ferris wheel, a carousel and a menagerie, as well as a movie theater and a petting zoo. A security staff of 40 patrolled the grounds. In 2003, it was valued at approximately $100 million.[137][138] In 1989, his annual earnings from album sales, endorsements, and concerts were estimated at $125 million for that year alone.[139] Shortly afterwards, he became the first Westerner to appear in a television ad in the Soviet Union.[136]
His success resulted in him being dubbed the "King of Pop".[140][141][142][143] The nickname was popularized by Elizabeth Taylor when she presented him with the Soul Train Heritage Award in 1989, proclaiming him "the true king of pop, rock and soul."[144] President George H.W. Bush designated him the White House's "Artist of the Decade".[145] From 1985 to 1990, he donated $455,000 to the United Negro College Fund,[146] and all of the profits from his single "Man in the Mirror" went to charity.[147] Jackson's live rendition of "You Were There" at Sammy Davis, Jr.'s 60th birthday celebration allowed Jackson to receive his second Emmy nomination.[74][136]
1991–93: Dangerous, Heal the World Foundation, and Super Bowl XXVII
In March 1991, Jackson renewed his contract with Sony for $65 million, a record-breaking deal at the time,[148] displacing Neil Diamond's renewal contract with Columbia Records.[149] He released his eighth album, Dangerous, in 1991. The Dangerous album was co-produced with Teddy Riley, who convinced Michael to feature a rapper on his album for the first time. As of 2013, the album has shipped seven million copies in the U.S. and has sold approximately 30 million copies worldwide.[150][151][152] In the United States, the album's first single "Black or White" was its biggest hit, reaching number one on the Billboard Hot; 100 and remaining there for seven weeks, with similar chart performances worldwide.[153] The album's second single "Remember the Time" spent eight weeks in the top five in the United States, peaking at number three on the Billboard Hot 100 singles chart.[154] At the end of 1992, Dangerous was awarded the best-selling album of the year worldwide and "Black or White" was awarded best-selling single of the year worldwide at the Billboard Music Awards. Additionally, he won an award as best-selling artist of the 1980s.[155] In 1993, Jackson performed the song at the Soul Train Music Awards in a chair, saying he had suffered an injury in rehearsals.[156] In the UK and other parts of Europe, "Heal the World" was the biggest hit from the album; it sold 450,000 copies in the UK and spent five weeks at number two in 1992.[154]
Jackson founded the Heal the World Foundation in 1992. The charity organization brought underprivileged children to Jackson's ranch to enjoy theme park rides that Jackson had built on the property. The foundation also sent millions of dollars around the globe to help children threatened by war, poverty, and disease. In the same year Jackson published his second book, the bestselling collection of poetry, Dancing the Dream. While it was a commercial success and revealed a more intimate side to Jackson's nature, the collection was mostly critically unacclaimed at the time of release. In 2009, the book was republished by Doubleday and was more positively received by some critics in the wake of Jackson's untimely death. The Dangerous World Tour grossed $100 million. The tour began on June 27, 1992, and finished on November 11, 1993. Jackson performed to 3.5 million people in 70 concerts.[154][157] He sold the broadcast rights to his Dangerous world tour to HBO for $20 million, a record-breaking deal that still stands.[158]
Following the illness and death of Ryan White, Jackson helped draw public attention to HIV/AIDS, something that was still controversial at the time. He publicly pleaded with the Clinton Administration at Bill Clinton's Inaugural Gala to give more money to HIV/AIDS charities and research.[159][160] In a high-profile visit to Africa, Jackson visited several countries, among them Gabon and Egypt.[161] His first stop to Gabon was greeted with a sizable and enthusiastic reception of more than 100,000 people, some of them carrying signs that read, "Welcome Home Michael."[161] In his trip to Côte d'Ivoire, Jackson was crowned "King Sani" by a tribal chief.[161] He then thanked the dignitaries in French and English, signed official documents formalizing his kingship and sat on a golden throne while presiding over ceremonial dances.[161]
In January 1993, Jackson made a memorable appearance at the halftime show at Super Bowl XXVII. Because of dwindling interest during halftime in the years before, the NFL decided to seek big-name talent that would keep viewers and ratings high, with Jackson being selected because of his popularity and universal appeal.[162] It was the first Super Bowl where the audience figures increased during the half-time show to more than the game itself. The performance began with Jackson catapulting onto the stage as fireworks went off behind him. As he landed on the canvas, he maintained a motionless "clenched fist, standing statue stance", dressed in a gold and black military outfit and sunglasses; he remained completely motionless for a minute and a half while the crowd cheered. He then slowly removed his sunglasses, threw them away and sang four songs: "Jam", "Billie Jean", "Black or White", and "Heal the World". Jackson's Dangerous album rose 90 places up the album chart.[99]
Jackson gave a 90-minute interview to Oprah Winfrey on February 10, 1993, his second television interview since 1979. He grimaced when speaking of his childhood abuse at the hands of his father; he believed he had missed out on much of his childhood years, admitting that he often cried from loneliness. He denied tabloid rumors that he had bought the bones of the Elephant Man, slept in a hyperbaric oxygen chamber, or bleached his skin, stating for the first time that he had vitiligo. Dangerous re-entered the album chart in the top 10, more than a year after its original release.[24][99][154]
In February 1993, Jackson was given the "Living Legend Award" at the 35th Grammy Awards in Los Angeles. "Black or White" was Grammy-nominated for best vocal performance. "Jam" gained two nominations: Best R&B Vocal Performance and Best R&B Song.[154] The Dangerous album won a Grammy for Best Engineered – Non Classical, awarding the work of Bruce Swedien and Teddy Riley. In the same year, Michael Jackson won three American Music Awards for Favorite Pop/Rock Album (Dangerous), Favorite Soul/R&B Single ("Remember the Time") and was the first to win the International Artist Award, for his global performances and humanitarian concerns. This award will bear his name in the future.[56][64][163]

1993–94: First child sexual abuse allegations and first marriage
Main article: 1993 child sexual abuse accusations against Michael Jackson
In the summer of 1993, Jackson was accused of child sexual abuse by a 13-year-old boy named Jordan Chandler and his father, Evan Chandler, a dentist.[164][165][166] The Chandler family demanded payment from Jackson, and the singer initially refused. Jordan Chandler eventually told the police that Jackson had sexually abused him.[167] Evan Chandler was tape-recorded discussing his intention to pursue charges, saying, "If I go through with this, I win big-time. There's no way I lose. I will get everything I want and they will be destroyed forever..... Michael's career will be over". Jordan's mother was, however, adamant at the time that there had been no wrongdoing on Jackson's part.[166] Jackson later used the recording to argue that he was the victim of a jealous father whose only goal was to extort money from the singer.[166] In January 1994, however, after investigation on allegations of extortion against the singer by Chandler, deputy Los Angeles County district attorney Michael J. Montagna stated that Chandler would not be charged due to lack of cooperation from Jackson's camp and its willingness to negotiate with Chandler for several weeks among other reasons.[168]
In August 1993, Jackson's home was raided by the police who, according to court documents, found books and photographs in his bedroom featuring young boys with little or no clothing.[169] Since the books were legal to purchase and own, the jury decided to not indict Jackson.[170] In December 1993, Jackson was strip searched.[171] Jordan Chandler had reportedly given police a description of Jackson's intimate parts, and the strip search revealed that Jordan had correctly claimed Jackson had patchy-colored buttocks, short pubic hair, and pink and brown marked testicles.[171] Reportedly, Jordan had also previously drawn accurate pictures of a dark spot on Jackson's penis only visible when his penis was lifted.[172] Despite differing initial internal reports from prosecutors and investigators[173] and later, with reports of jurors feeling otherwise that the photos did not match the description,[174][175][176] the DA stated his belief in a sworn affidavit that the description was accurate,[177] along with the sheriff's photographer stating the description was accurate.[178] A 2004 motion filed by Jackson's defense asserted that Jackson was never criminally indicted by any grand jury and that his settlement admitted no wrongdoing and contained no evidence of criminal misconduct.[179]
Jackson's friends said he never recovered from the humiliation of the strip search. The investigation was inconclusive and no charges were ever filed.[180] Jackson described the search in an emotional public statement, and proclaimed his innocence.[164][171][181] On January 1, 1994, Jackson settled with the Chandlers out of court for $22 million. A Santa Barbara County grand jury and a Los Angeles County grand jury disbanded on May 2, 1994 without indicting Jackson,[182] and the Chandlers stopped co-operating with the criminal investigation around July 6, 1994.[183][184][185] The out-of-court settlement's documentation specifically stated Jackson admitted no wrongdoing and no liability; the Chandlers and their family lawyer Larry Feldman signed it without contest.[186] Feldman also explicitly stated "nobody bought anybody's silence".[187] A decade after the fact, during the second round of child abuse allegations, Jackson's lawyers would file a memo stating that the 1994 settlement was done without his consent.[184] A later disclosure by the FBI of investigation documents compiled over nearly 20 years led to Jackson's attorney to make the suggestion that there was no evidence of molestation or sexual impropriety from Jackson towards minors.[188] According to reports the DCFS had investigated Jackson beginning in 1993 with the Chandler allegation and again in 2003. Reports show the LAPD and DCFS did not find credible evidence of abuse or sexual misconduct.[189][190]
In May 1994, Jackson married Lisa Marie Presley, the daughter of Elvis and Priscilla Presley. They had first met in 1975, when a seven-year-old Presley attended one of Jackson's family engagements at the MGM Grand Hotel and Casino, and were reconnected through a mutual friend.[191] According to a friend of Presley's, "their adult friendship began in November 1992 in L.A."[192] They stayed in contact every day over the telephone. As the child molestation accusations became public, Jackson became dependent on Presley for emotional support; she was concerned about his faltering health and addiction to drugs.[193] Presley explained, "I believed he didn't do anything wrong and that he was wrongly accused and yes I started falling for him. I wanted to save him. I felt that I could do it."[194] She eventually persuaded him to settle the civil case out of court and go into rehabilitation to recover.[193]
Jackson proposed to Presley over the telephone towards the fall of 1993, saying, "If I asked you to marry me, would you do it?"[193] They married in the Dominican Republic in secrecy, denying it for nearly two months afterwards.[195] The marriage was, in her words, "a married couple's life..... that was sexually active".[196] At the time, the tabloid media speculated that the wedding was a ploy to prop up Jackson's public image.[195] The marriage lasted less than two years and ended with an amicable divorce settlement.[197] In a 2010 interview with Oprah, Presley admitted that they spent four more years after the divorce "getting back together and breaking up", until she decided to stop.[198]
1995–99: HIStory, second marriage, and fatherhood
In 1995, Jackson merged his ATV Music catalog with Sony's music publishing division creating Sony/ATV Music Publishing. Jackson retained half-ownership of the company, earned $95 million upfront as well as the rights to even more songs.[199][200] He then released the double album HIStory: Past, Present and Future, Book I. The first disc, HIStory Begins, was a 15-track greatest hits album, and was later reissued as Greatest Hits: HIStory, Volume I in 2001, while the second disc, HIStory Continues, contained 13 new songs and 2 cover versions. The album debuted at number one on the charts and has been certified for seven million shipments in the US.[201] It is the best-selling multiple-disc album of all-time, with 20 million copies (40 million units) sold worldwide.[153][202] HIStory received a Grammy nomination for Album of the Year.[203]
The first single released from the album was "Scream/Childhood". "Scream" was a duet, performed with Jackson's youngest sister Janet. The song fights against the media, mainly for what the media made him out to be during his 1993 child abuse allegations. The single had the highest debut on the Billboard Hot 100 at number five, and received a Grammy nomination for "Best Pop Collaboration with Vocals".[203] "You Are Not Alone" was the second single released from HIStory; it holds the Guinness World Record for the first song ever to debut at number one on the Billboard Hot 100 chart.[139] It was seen as a major artistic and commercial success, receiving a Grammy nomination for "Best Pop Vocal Performance".[203]

Close-up of a pale skinned Jackson with black hair. He is wearing a black jacket with white designs on it.

 Michael Jackson at the 1997 Cannes Film Festival for the Ghosts music video premier
In late 1995, Jackson was rushed to a hospital after collapsing during rehearsals for a televised performance; the incident was caused by a stress-related panic attack.[204] "Earth Song" was the third single released from HIStory, and topped the UK Singles Chart for six weeks over Christmas 1995; it sold a million copies, making it Jackson's most successful single in the UK.[203] The track "They Don't Care About Us" became controversial when the Anti-Defamation League and other groups criticized its allegedly antisemitic lyrics. Jackson quickly put out a revised version of the song without the offending lyrics.[205] In 1996, Jackson won a Grammy for Best Music Video, Short Form for "Scream" and an American Music Award for Favorite Pop/Rock Male Artist.[56][206]
The album was promoted with the successful HIStory World Tour. The tour began on September 7, 1996, and finished on October 15, 1997. Jackson performed 82 concerts in 58 cities to over 4.5 million fans, and grossed a total of $165 million. The show, which visited five continents and 35 countries, became Jackson's most successful in terms of audience figures.[128] During the tour, Jackson married his longtime friend Deborah Jeanne Rowe, a dermatology nurse, in an impromptu ceremony in Sydney, Australia. Rowe was approximately six months pregnant with the couple's first child at the time. Originally, Rowe and Jackson had no plans to marry, but Jackson's mother Katherine persuaded them to do so.[207] Michael Joseph Jackson Jr (commonly known as Prince) was born on February 13, 1997; his sister Paris-Michael Katherine Jackson was born a year later on April 3, 1998.[197][208] The couple divorced in 1999, and Jackson got full custody of the children. The divorce was relatively amicable, but a subsequent custody suit was not settled until 2006.[209][210]
In 1997, Jackson released Blood on the Dance Floor: HIStory in the Mix, which contained remixes of hit singles from HIStory and five new songs. Worldwide sales stand at 6 million copies, it is the best selling remix album ever released.[211] It reached number one in the UK, as did the title track.[211][212] In the US, the album was certified platinum, but only reached number 24.[150][203] Forbes placed his annual income at $35 million in 1996 and $20 million in 1997.[138] Throughout June 1999, Jackson was involved in a number of charitable events. He joined Luciano Pavarotti for a benefit concert in Modena, Italy. The show was in support of the nonprofit organization War Child, and raised a million dollars for the refugees of Kosovo, FR Yugoslavia, as well as additional funds for the children of Guatemala.[213] Later that month, Jackson organized a set of "Michael Jackson & Friends" benefit concerts in Germany and Korea. Other artists involved included Slash, The Scorpions, Boyz II Men, Luther Vandross, Mariah Carey, A. R. Rahman, Prabhu Deva Sundaram, Shobana, Andrea Bocelli, and Luciano Pavarotti. The proceeds went to the Nelson Mandela Children's Fund, the Red Cross and UNESCO.[214] From August 1999 through 2000, he lived in New York City at 4 East 74th Street.[215]
2000–03: Label dispute and Invincible
At the turn of the century, Jackson won an American Music Award as Artist of the 1980s.[216] Throughout 2000 and 2001, Jackson worked in the studio with Teddy Riley and Rodney Jerkins, as well as other collaborators. These sessions would result in the album Invincible, released in October 2001. Invincible was Jackson's first full-length album in six years, and it would be the last album of new material he released while still alive. The release of the album was preceded by a dispute between Jackson and his record label, Sony Music Entertainment. Jackson had expected the licenses to the masters of his albums to revert to him sometime in the early 2000s. Once he had the licenses, he would be able to promote the material however he pleased and keep all the profits. However, due to various clauses in the contract, the revert date turned out to be many years away. Jackson discovered that the attorney who represented him in the deal was also representing Sony.[212] Jackson was also concerned about the fact that for a number of years, Sony had been pressuring him to sell his share in their music catalog venture. Jackson feared that Sony might have a conflict of interest, since if Jackson's career failed, he would have to sell his share of the catalog at a low price.[217] Jackson sought an early exit from his contract.[212]
In September 2001, two 30th Anniversary concerts were held at Madison Square Garden to mark the singer's 30th year as a solo artist. Jackson appeared onstage alongside his brothers for the first time since 1984. The show also featured performances by Mýa, Usher, Whitney Houston, NSYNC, Destiny's Child, Monica, Luther Vandross, and Slash, among other artists.[218] The second of the two shows took place the night before the September 11, 2001, terrorist attacks.[219] After 9/11, Jackson helped organize the United We Stand: What More Can I Give benefit concert at RFK Stadium in Washington, D.C. The concert took place on October 21, 2001, and included performances from dozens of major artists, including Jackson, who performed his song "What More Can I Give" as the finale.[217] Jackson's solo performances were omitted from the televised version of the benefit concert, although he could still be seen singing background vocals. This omission happened because of contractual issues related to the earlier 30th Anniversary concerts: those concerts were boiled down into a two-hour TV special titled Michael Jackson: 30th Anniversary Celebration which debuted in November 2001.
In spite of the events preceding its release, Invincible came out in October 2001 to much anticipation. Invincible proved to be a hit, debuting atop the charts in 13 countries and going on to sell approximately 13 million copies worldwide. It received double-platinum certification in the U.S.[150][153] However, the sales for Invincible were lower than those of his previous releases, due in part to a lack of promotion, no supporting world tour and the label dispute. The album also came out at a bad time for the music industry in general.[217] The album cost $30 million to record, not including promotional expenditures.[220] Invincible spawned three singles, "You Rock My World", "Cry", and "Butterflies", the latter without a music video. Jackson alleged in July 2002 that the-then Sony Music chairman Tommy Mottola was a "devil" and a "racist" who did not support his African-American artists, using them merely for his own personal gain.[217] He charged that Mottola had called his colleague Irv Gotti a "fat nigger".[221] Sony refused to renew Jackson's contract, and claimed that a $25 million promotional campaign had failed because Jackson refused to tour in the United States.[220]
In 2002, Michael Jackson won his 22nd American Music Award for Artist of the Century.[222] In the same year, Jackson's third child, Prince Michael Jackson II (nicknamed "Blanket") was born.[223] The mother's identity was not announced, but Jackson has said the child was the result of artificial insemination from a surrogate mother and his own sperm.[209] On November 20 of that year, Jackson brought his infant son onto the balcony of his room at the Hotel Adlon in Berlin, as fans stood below, holding him in his right arm, with a cloth loosely draped over the baby's face. The baby was briefly extended over a railing, four stories above ground level, causing widespread criticism in the media. Jackson later apologized for the incident, calling it "a terrible mistake".[224] Sony released Number Ones, a compilation of Jackson's hits on CD and DVD. In the U.S., the album was certified triple platinum by the RIAA; in the UK it was certified six times platinum for shipments of at least 1.2 million units.[150][225]
2003–05: Second child sexual abuse allegations and acquittal
Further information: Living with Michael Jackson and People v. Jackson



 Jackson in Las Vegas, 2003
Beginning in May 2002, Jackson allowed a documentary film crew, led by British TV personality Martin Bashir, to follow him around nearly everywhere he went. Bashir's film crew was with Jackson during the "baby-dangling incident" in Berlin. The program was broadcast in March 2003 as Living with Michael Jackson.
In a particularly controversial scene, Jackson was seen holding hands and discussing sleeping arrangements with a young boy.[226] As soon as the documentary aired, the Santa Barbara county attorney's office began a criminal investigation. After an initial probe from the LAPD and DCFS was conducted in February 2003, they had initially concluded that molestation allegations were "unfounded" at the time.[227] After the young boy involved in the documentary and his mother later told investigators that Jackson had been improper with the boy, Jackson was arrested in November 2003, and was charged with seven counts of child molestation and two counts of administering an intoxicating agent in relation to the 13-year-old boy shown in the film.[226] Jackson denied the allegations, saying the sleepovers were not sexual in nature. The People v. Jackson trial began on January 31, 2005, in Santa Maria, California, and lasted five months, until the end of May. On June 13, 2005, Jackson was acquitted on all counts.[228][229][230] After the trial, in a highly publicized relocation he moved to the Persian Gulf island of Bahrain, as a guest of Sheikh Abdullah.[231] Bahrain was also where the family intended to send Jackson if he was convicted (though Jackson did not know about the plan), according to a statement by Jermaine Jackson printed in The Times of London in September 2011.[232]
2006–09: Closure of Neverland, final years, and This Is It



 Jackson and his son Blanket in Disneyland Paris, 2006
In March 2006, the main house at the Neverland Ranch was closed as a cost-cutting measure.[233] There were numerous reports around that time that Jackson was having financial problems. Jackson had been delinquent on his repayments of a $270 million loan secured against his music publishing holdings, even though those holdings were reportedly making him as much as $75 million a year.[234] Bank of America sold the debt to Fortress Investments. Sony reportedly proposed a restructuring deal which would give them a future option to buy half of Jackson's stake in their jointly owned publishing company (leaving Jackson with a 25% stake).[200] Jackson agreed to a Sony-backed refinancing deal in April 2006, although the exact details were not made public.[235] Jackson did not have a recording contract in place with Sony or any other major record label at the time.
In early 2006, there was an announcement that Jackson had signed a contract with a Bahrain-based startup called Two Seas Records. However, nothing ever came of that deal, and the CEO of Two Seas, Guy Holmes, later stated that the deal had never been finalized.[236][237] Throughout 2006, Sony repackaged 20 singles from the 1980s and 1990s as the Michael Jackson: Visionary series, which subsequently became a box set. Most of those singles returned to the charts as a result. In September 2006, Jackson and his ex-wife Debbie Rowe confirmed reports that they had settled their long-running child custody suit. The terms were never made public. Jackson continued to be the custodial parent of the couple's two children.[210] In October 2006, Fox News entertainment reporter Roger Friedman said that Jackson had been recording at a studio in rural Westmeath, Ireland. It was not known at the time what Jackson might be working on, or who might be paying for the sessions, since his publicist had recently issued a statement claiming that he had left Two Seas.[237][238]
In November 2006, Jackson invited an Access Hollywood camera crew into the studio in Westmeath, and MSNBC broke the story that he was working on a new album, produced by will.i.am of the Black Eyed Peas.[153] Jackson performed at the World Music Awards, in London on November 15, 2006, and accepted a Diamond Award for selling over 100 million records.[153][239] Jackson returned to the United States after Christmas 2006 to attend James Brown's funeral in Augusta, Georgia. He gave one of the eulogies, saying that "James Brown is my greatest inspiration."[240] In the spring of 2007, Jackson and Sony teamed up to buy yet another music publishing company: Famous Music LLC, formerly owned by Viacom. This deal gave him the rights to songs by Eminem, Shakira and Beck, among others.[241] Jackson recorded extensively during this period in New York with songwriter and producer will.i.am and also in Las Vegas with producers Akon and RedOne.[242][243] In March 2007, Jackson gave a brief interview to the Associated Press in Tokyo, where he said, "I've been in the entertainment industry since I was 6 years old, and as Charles Dickens would say, 'It's been the best of times, the worst of times.' But I would not change my career..... While some have made deliberate attempts to hurt me, I take it in stride because I have a loving family, a strong faith and wonderful friends and fans who have, and continue, to support me."[244]
In March 2007, Jackson visited a U.S. Army post in Japan named Camp Zama to greet 3,000 plus U.S. troops and their families. The hosts presented Jackson with a Certificate of Appreciation for his devotion to U.S. Military troops and their families.[245]
In September 2007, Jackson was reportedly still working with will.i.am, but the album was apparently never completed.[246] However, in 2008, Jackson and Sony released Thriller 25 to mark the 25th anniversary of the original Thriller. This album featured the previously unreleased song "For All Time" (an outtake from the original sessions) as well as remixes, where Jackson collaborated with younger artists who had been inspired by his work.[247] Two of the remixes were released as singles with only modest success: "The Girl Is Mine 2008" (with will.i.am) and "Wanna Be Startin' Somethin' 2008" (with Akon). The first single was based on an early demo version, without Paul McCartney. The album itself was a hit, however.[247][248][249][250] In anticipation of Jackson's 50th birthday, Sony BMG released a series of greatest-hits albums called King of Pop. Slightly different versions were released in various countries, based on polls of local fans.[251] King of Pop reached the top 10 in most countries where it was issued, and also sold well as an import in other countries (such as the United States).[252][253]



 An aerial view of part of Jackson's 2,800-acre (11 km2) Neverland Valley Ranch near Los Olivos, California, showing the many rides
In late 2008, Fortress Investments threatened to foreclose on Neverland Ranch, which Jackson used as collateral for loans running into many tens of millions of dollars. However, Fortress opted to sell Jackson's debts to Colony Capital LLC. In November, Jackson transferred Neverland Ranch's title to Sycamore Valley Ranch Company LLC, which was a joint venture between Jackson and Colony Capital LLC. This deal cleared Jackson's debt, and he reportedly even gained an extra $35 million from the venture. At the time of his death, Jackson still owned a stake in Neverland/Sycamore Valley, but it was not announced how large that stake was.[254][255][256] In September 2008, Jackson entered negotiations with Julien's Auction House to display and auction a large collection of memorabilia amounting to approximately 1,390 lots. The auction was scheduled to take place between April 22 and 25.[257] An exhibition of the lots opened as scheduled on April 14, but the actual auction was eventually cancelled at Jackson's request.[258]
In March 2009, Jackson held a press conference at London's O2 Arena and announced a series of comeback concerts titled This Is It. The shows would be Jackson's first major series of concerts since the HIStory World Tour finished in 1997. Jackson suggested possible retirement after the shows; he said it would be his "final curtain call". The initial plan was for 10 concerts in London, followed by shows in Paris, New York City and Mumbai. Randy Phillips, president and chief executive of AEG Live, stated that the first 10 dates alone would earn the singer approximately £50 million.[259] The London residency was increased to 50 dates after record breaking ticket sales: over one million were sold in less than two hours.[260] Jackson rehearsed in Los Angeles in the weeks leading up to the tour under the direction of choreographer Kenny Ortega. Most of these rehearsals took place at the Staples Center, which was owned by AEG.[261] The concerts would have commenced on July 13, 2009, and finished on March 6, 2010. Less than three weeks before the first show was due to begin in London and with all concerts being sold out, Jackson died after suffering cardiac arrest.[262] Some time before his death, it was reported that he was starting a clothing line with Christian Audigier.[263][264]
Jackson's first posthumous song released entirely by his Estate was titled "This Is It" which Jackson cowrote in the 1980s with Paul Anka. It was not on the set lists for the concerts, and the recording was based on an old demo tape. The surviving brothers reunited in the studio for the first time since 1989 to record backing vocals. On October 28, 2009, a documentary film about the rehearsals titled Michael Jackson's This Is It was released.[265] Even though it ran for a limited two-week engagement, it became the highest grossing documentary or concert movie of all time, with earnings of more than $260 million worldwide.[266] Jackson's estate received 90% of the profits.[267] The film was accompanied by a compilation album of the same name. Two versions of the new song appear on the album, which also featured original masters of Jackson's hits in the order in which they appear in the movie, along with a bonus disc with previously unreleased versions of more Jackson hits as well as a spoken-word poem titled "Planet Earth".[268] At the 2009 American Music Awards, Jackson won four posthumous awards, two for him and two for his album Number Ones, bringing his total American Music Awards to 26.[269][270]
Death and memorial
Main articles: Death of Michael Jackson and Michael Jackson memorial service

Jackson's Star with flowers and notes on it

 Fans flocked to Jackson's star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame, adorning it with flowers and notes on the day of his death.
On June 25, 2009, Jackson died while in his bed at his rented mansion at 100 North Carolwood Drive in the Holmby Hills district of Los Angeles. Attempts at resuscitating him by Conrad Murray, his personal physician, were unsuccessful.[271] Los Angeles Fire Department paramedics received a 911 call at 12:22 (PDT, 19:22 UTC), arriving three minutes later at Jackson's location.[272][273] He was reportedly not breathing and CPR was performed.[274] Resuscitation efforts continued en route to the Ronald Reagan UCLA Medical Center, and for more than an hour after arriving there at 1:13 (20:13 UTC). He was pronounced dead at 2:26 local time (21:26 UTC).[275][276] Jackson's death triggered a global outpouring of grief.[271]
The news spread quickly online, causing websites to slow down and crash from user overload. Both TMZ and the Los Angeles Times suffered outages.[277] Google initially believed that the input from millions of people searching for "Michael Jackson" meant that the search engine was under DDoS attack, and blocked searches related to Michael Jackson for 30 minutes. Twitter reported a crash, as did Wikipedia at 3:15 pm PDT (22:15 UTC).[278] The Wikimedia Foundation reported nearly a million visitors to Jackson's biography within one hour, probably the most visitors in a one-hour period to any article in Wikipedia's history.[279] AOL Instant Messenger collapsed for 40 minutes. AOL called it a "seminal moment in Internet history", adding, "We've never seen anything like it in terms of scope or depth."[280]
Around 15% of Twitter posts—or 5,000 tweets per minute—reportedly mentioned Jackson after the news broke,[281][282] compared to the 5% recalled as having mentioned the Iranian elections or the flu pandemic that had made headlines earlier in the year.[282] Overall, web traffic ranged from 11% to at least 20% higher than normal.[281][283] MTV and BET aired marathons of Jackson's music videos.[284] Jackson specials aired on multiple television stations around the world. The British soap opera EastEnders added a last-minute scene, in which one character tells another about the news, to the June 26 episode.[285]
Jackson's memorial was held on July 7, 2009, at the Staples Center in Los Angeles, preceded by a private family service at Forest Lawn Memorial Park's Hall of Liberty. Because of the high demand, organizers of the service fashioned a lottery style distribution method to give out tickets to members of the public. Applications were submitted by 1.6 million fans for tickets to the service over the two-day period that registration was open. A total of 8,750 names were drawn at random to decide who to distribute tickets to, with each recipient receiving two tickets each.[286] Jackson's casket was present during the memorial but no information was released about the final disposition of the body. The memorial service was one of the most watched events in online streaming history.[287] The U.S. audience was estimated by Nielsen to be 31.1 million, an amount comparable to the estimated 35.1 million that watched the 2004 burial of former president Ronald Reagan, and the estimated 33.1 million Americans who watched the 1997 funeral for Princess Diana.[288]
Mariah Carey, Stevie Wonder, Lionel Richie, John Mayer, Jennifer Hudson, Usher, Jermaine Jackson, and Shaheen Jafargholi performed at the event. Berry Gordy and Smokey Robinson gave eulogies, while Queen Latifah read "We had him", a poem written for the occasion by Maya Angelou.[289] The Reverend Al Sharpton received a standing ovation with cheers when he told Jackson's children, "Wasn't nothing strange about your daddy. It was strange what your daddy had to deal with. But he dealt with it anyway."[290] The memorial is best remembered for when Jackson's 11-year-old daughter, Paris Katherine, speaking publicly for the first time cried as she told the crowd, "Ever since I was born, Daddy has been the best father you could ever imagine..... I just wanted to say I love him..... so much."[291][292] Reverend Lucious Smith provided a closing prayer.[293] On August 24, several news outlets quoted anonymous sources as stating that the Los Angeles coroner had decided to treat Jackson's death as a homicide; this was later confirmed by the coroner on August 28.[294][295] At the time of death, Jackson had been administered propofol, lorazepam and midazolam.[296] Law enforcement officials conducted a manslaughter investigation of his personal physician Conrad Murray, who was charged with involuntary manslaughter by prosecutors in Los Angeles on February 8, 2010.[297] Jackson's body was entombed on September 3, 2009, at Forest Lawn Memorial Park in Glendale, California.[298]

Portrait and other tributes, including mural and messages from 650 Spanish fans, letters, pictures, teddy bears, and flowers.

 Tribute of fans from all over the world in the Forest Lawn Memorial Park on the first anniversary of his death
On June 25, 2010, the first anniversary of Jackson's death, fans traveled to Los Angeles to pay their tribute to him. They visited Jackson's star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame and his family's home, as well as Forest Lawn Memorial Park. Many of the fans were carrying sunflowers and other tribute items to drop off at the sites. Members of the Jackson family and close friends arrived to pay their respects.[299][300] Katherine returned to Gary, Indiana to unveil a granite monument constructed in the front yard of the family home. The memorial continued with a candlelight vigil and a special performance of "We Are the World".[301][302] On June 26, there was a protest march in front of the Los Angeles Police Department's Robbery-Homicide Division at the old Parker Center building and a petition with thousands of signatures demanding justice was delivered.[303][304] The Jackson Family Foundation in conjunction with Voiceplate presented "Forever Michael", an event bringing together Jackson family members, celebrities, fans, supporters and the community to celebrate and honor his legacy. A portion of the proceeds were presented to some of Jackson's favorite charities. Katherine also introduced her new book "Never Can Say Goodbye".[305][306][307]
Aftermath
After his death, Jackson became the best-selling albums artist of 2009. He sold over 8.2 million albums in the United States, and a total of 35 million albums worldwide, in the 12 months that followed his death.[308][309] Jackson became the first artist to sell one million downloads in a week in download history, with a record-breaking 2.6 million downloads of his songs. After his death, three of his albums sold more than any new album, which was the first time a catalog album has ever scanned more sales than any new album.[310] Jackson also became the first artist in history to have four of the top 20 best selling albums in a single year in the United States.[311] Following this surge in sales, Sony announced that they had extended their relationship with his material. The distribution rights held by Sony Music were due to expire in 2015.[312] On March 16, 2010, Sony Music Entertainment, in a move spearheaded by its Columbia/Epic Label Group division, signed a new deal with the Jackson estate to extend their distribution rights to his back catalogue until at least 2017, as well as to obtain permission to release ten new albums with previously unreleased material and new collections of released work.[313]
On November 4, 2010, Sony announced the release of Michael, the first posthumous album set to be released on December 14, with the promotional single released to the radios on November 8, titled "Breaking News".[314] The deal was unprecedented in the music industry as it is the most expensive music contract pertaining to a single artist in history; it reportedly involved Sony Music paying $250 million for the deal, with the Jackson estate getting the full sum as well as its share of royalties for all works released.[312][315] Video game developer Ubisoft announced it would release a new dancing-and-singing game featuring Michael Jackson for the 2010 holiday season. The game titled Michael Jackson: The Experience was among the first to use Kinect and PlayStation Move, the respective motion-detecting camera systems for Microsoft's Xbox 360 and Sony's PlayStation 3.[316]
On November 3, 2010, the theatrical performing company Cirque du Soleil announced that it would launch Michael Jackson: The Immortal World Tour in October 2011 in Montreal, while a permanent show will reside in Las Vegas.[317] The 90-minute $57-million production will combine Jackson's iconic musical oeuvre and choreography with the Cirque's signature artistry, dance and aerial displays involving 65 artists.[318] The tour was written and directed by Jamie King[319] and centers on Jackson's "inspirational Giving Tree – the wellspring of creativity where his love of music and dance, fairy tale and magic, and the fragile beauty of nature are unlocked."[320] On October 3, 2011, the accompanying compilation soundtrack album Immortal was announced to have over 40 Jackson's original recordings re-produced by Kevin Antunes.[321] A second, larger and more theatrical Cirque show entitled Michael Jackson: One designed for residency at the Mandalay Bay resort in Las Vegas was announced on February 21, 2013. This show, whose production was written and directed by Jamie King who produced the Immortal show, began its run on May 23, 2013 in a newly renovated theater to both critical and commercial success.[322][323][324][325]
In 2011 it was revealed that Jackson had recorded in 1981–1983 with Freddie Mercury, including a demo of "State of Shock," "Victory" and "There Must Be More to Life Than This."[326] None of these collaborations were officially released, although bootleg recordings exist. Jackson went on to record the single "State of Shock" with Mick Jagger for the Jacksons' album Victory.[327] Mercury included the solo version of "There Must Be More To Life Than This" on his Mr. Bad Guy album.[328] In November 2011, Brian May announced that a series of duets that Mercury recorded with Jackson were to be released in 2012.[329] He later updated the release date to autumn of 2013 and then to 2014.[330]
In April 2011, Jackson's longtime friend and billionaire businessman Mohamed Al-Fayed, chairman of Fulham Football Club, unveiled a statue of Jackson outside the club's stadium, Craven Cottage.[331] Fulham fans were bemused by the statue and failed to understand the relevance of Jackson to the club.[332] Al Fayed defended the statue and told the fans to "go to hell" if they did not appreciate it.[333] The statue was removed in September 2013.[334]
In 2012, in an attempt to end family public feuding, Jackson's brother Jermaine Jackson retracted his signature on a letter made public criticizing executors of Michael Jackson's estate and his mother's advisers concerning the legitimacy of his brother's will.[335] T.J. Jackson, son of Tito Jackson, was given co-guardianship of Michael Jackson's children after false reports surfaced of Katherine Jackson going missing.[336]
On May 16, 2013, choreographer Wade Robson alleged on The Today Show that Jackson "performed sexual acts on me and forced me to perform sexual acts on him" for 7 years, beginning when Robson was 7 years old.[337] Robson had previously testified in defence of Jackson at the singer's 2005 child molestation trial.[338] The attorney for Jackson's estate described Robson's claim as "outrageous and pathetic".[339] The date for the hearing which will determine whether Robson can sue Jackson's estate was scheduled for June 2, 2014.[340] In February 2014, the Internal Revenue Service reported that Jackson's estate owed them $702 million, including $505 million in taxes and $197 million in penalties after they claimed the estate undervalued Jackson's fortune.[341]
On March 31, 2014, Epic Records announced that an album of eight songs of unreleased material culled from past recording sessions would be issued under the title, Xscape.[342] It was released on May 13, 2014.[343] On May 12, 2014, another young man, Jimmy Safechuck, sued Jackson's estate, claiming Jackson sexually abused him "from the age of 10 to about 14 or 15" in the 1980s.[344] During the 2014 Billboard Music Awards on May 18, a "Pepper's ghost" likeness of Jackson appeared, dancing to "Slave to the Rhythm", a song from his second posthumously released album, Xscape.[345]
Artistry
Influences

Silver-colored statue of Jackson standing up with his arms bent inward and both legs spaced apart.

 One of many identical statues, based on Diana Walczak's original HIStory statue, positioned throughout Europe to promote HIStory
Jackson's music took root in R&B, pop and soul. He had been influenced by the work of musicians such as Little Richard, James Brown, Jackie Wilson, Diana Ross, Fred Astaire,[346] Sammy Davis, Jr.,[346] Gene Kelly,[347] David Ruffin,[348] the Isley Brothers, the Bee Gees, and the West Side Story dancers, to whom he made a tribute in "Beat It" and in the "Bad" video.[349] According to David Winters, who met and befriended Jackson while choreographing the 1971 Diana Ross TV special Diana!, Jackson watched West Side Story almost every week and it was his favorite film.[350][351][352] While Little Richard had a substantial influence on Jackson,[353] James Brown was Jackson's greatest inspiration. In reference to Brown, Jackson declared: "Ever since I was a small child, no more than like six years old, my mother would wake me no matter what time it was, if I was sleeping, no matter what I was doing, to watch the television to see the master at work. And when I saw him move, I was mesmerized. I had never seen a performer perform like James Brown, and right then and there I knew that was exactly what I wanted to do for the rest of my life because of James Brown."[354]
The young Michael Jackson owed his vocal technique in large part to Diana Ross. Not only a mother figure to him, she was often observed in rehearsal as an accomplished performer. He later expressed: "I got to know her well. She taught me so much. I used to just sit in the corner and watch the way she moved. She was art in motion. I studied the way she moved, the way she sang  – just the way she was." He told her: "I want to be just like you, Diana." She said: "You just be yourself."[355] But Jackson owed part of his enduring style—especially his use of the oooh interjection—to Ross. From a young age, Jackson often punctuated his verses with a sudden exclamation of oooh. Diana Ross had used this effect on many of the songs recorded with the Supremes.[356]
Musical themes and genres
Unlike many artists, Jackson did not write his songs on paper. Instead he would dictate into a sound recorder, and when recording he would sing the lyrics from memory.[357] In most of his songs, such as "Billie Jean", "Who Is It", and "Tabloid Junkie", he would beatbox and imitate the instruments using his voice instead of playing the actual instruments, along with other sounds. Jackson noted that it is easier to sing a drum line, or sing a bass, instead of playing a drum line or a bass with an instrument. Several critics have said that Jackson's distinct voice was able to replace any instrument convincingly. Steve Huey of Allmusic said that, throughout his solo career, Jackson's versatility allowed him to experiment with various themes and genres.[3] As a musician, he ranged from Motown's dance fare and ballads to techno and house-edged new jack swing to work that incorporates both funk rhythms and hard rock guitar.[137][358][359]

Black and white photo of Jackson holding a microphone and singing

 Jackson in 1988, performing live at his record-breaking Bad world tour
According to Huey, Thriller refined the strengths of Off the Wall; the dance and rock tracks were more aggressive, while the pop tunes and ballads were softer and more soulful.[3] Notable tracks included the ballads "The Lady in My Life", "Human Nature" and "The Girl Is Mine"; the funk pieces "Billie Jean" and "Wanna Be Startin' Somethin'"; and the post-disco set "Baby Be Mine" and "P.Y.T. (Pretty Young Thing)".[3][358][359][360][361] With Thriller, Christopher Connelly of Rolling Stone commented that Jackson developed his long association with the subliminal theme of paranoia and darker imagery.[361] Allmusic's Stephen Thomas Erlewine noted this is evident on the songs "Billie Jean" and "Wanna Be Startin' Somethin'".[359] In "Billie Jean", Jackson sings about an obsessive fan who alleges he has fathered a child of hers.[3] In "Wanna Be Startin' Somethin'" he argues against gossip and the media.[361] "Beat It" decried gang violence in an homage to West Side Story, and was Jackson's first successful rock cross-over piece, according to Huey.[3][137] He also observed that the title track "Thriller" began Jackson's interest with the theme of the supernatural, a topic he revisited in subsequent years.[3] In 1985, Jackson co-wrote the charity anthem "We Are the World"; humanitarian themes later became a recurring theme in his lyrics and public persona.[3]




"Thriller"







One of Jackson's signature pieces, "Thriller", released as a single in 1984, utilizes cinematic sound effects, horror film motifs and vocal trickery to convey a sense of danger.[45]


"Smooth Criminal"







A single from the album Bad, released 1988, "Smooth Criminal" features digital drum sounds, keyboard-created bass lines and other percussion elements designed to give the impression of a pulsing heart.[362]


"Black or White"







The lead single from Dangerous, the danceable hard rock song "Black or White" was one of Jackson's most successful recordings.[363][364] It contains many features of Jackson's vocal style, including the vocal hiccup he is known for.

Problems playing these files? See media help.
In Bad, Jackson's concept of the predatory lover can be seen on the rock song "Dirty Diana".[365] The lead single "I Just Can't Stop Loving You" is a traditional love ballad, while "Man in the Mirror" is an anthemic ballad of confession and resolution. "Smooth Criminal" was an evocation of bloody assault, rape and likely murder.[115] Allmusic's Stephen Thomas Erlewine states that Dangerous presents Jackson as a very paradoxical individual.[366] He comments the album is more diverse than his previous Bad, as it appeals to an urban audience while also attracting the middle class with anthems like "Heal the World".[366] The first half of the record is dedicated to new jack swing, including songs like "Jam" and "Remember the Time".[367] The album is Jackson's first where social ills become a primary theme; "Why You Wanna Trip on Me", for example, protests against world hunger, AIDS, homelessness and drugs.[367] Dangerous contains sexually charged efforts such as the multifaceted love song, "In the Closet".[367] The title track continues the theme of the predatory lover and compulsive desire.[367] The second half includes introspective, pop-gospel anthems such as "Will You Be There", "Heal the World" and "Keep the Faith"; these songs show Jackson opening up about various personal struggles and worries.[367] In the ballad "Gone Too Soon", Jackson gives tribute to his friend Ryan White and the plight of those with AIDS.[368]
HIStory creates an atmosphere of paranoia.[369] Its content focuses on the hardships and public struggles Jackson went through just prior to its production. In the new jack swing-funk-rock efforts "Scream" and "Tabloid Junkie", along with the R&B ballad "You Are Not Alone", Jackson retaliates against the injustice and isolation he feels, and directs much of his anger at the media.[370] In the introspective ballad "Stranger in Moscow", Jackson laments over his "fall from grace", while songs like "Earth Song", "Childhood", "Little Susie" and "Smile" are all operatic pop pieces.[369][370] In the track "D.S.", Jackson launched a verbal attack against Tom Sneddon. He describes Sneddon as an antisocial, white supremacist who wanted to "get my ass, dead or alive". Of the song, Sneddon said, "I have not—shall we say—done him the honor of listening to it, but I've been told that it ends with the sound of a gunshot".[371] Invincible found Jackson working heavily with producer Rodney Jerkins.[3] It is a record made up of urban soul like "Cry" and "The Lost Children", ballads such as "Speechless", "Break of Dawn", and "Butterflies" and mixes hip-hop, pop, and R&B in "2000 Watts", "Heartbreaker" and "Invincible".[372][373]
Vocal style
Jackson sang from childhood, and over time his voice and vocal style changed noticeably. Between 1971 and 1975, Jackson's voice descended from boy soprano to high tenor.[374] His vocal range as an adult was F2-E♭6. Jackson first used a technique called the "vocal hiccup" in 1973, starting with the song "It's Too Late to Change the Time" from the Jackson 5's G.I.T.: Get It Together album.[375] Jackson did not use the hiccup technique—somewhat like a gulping for air or gasping—fully until the recording of Off the Wall: it can be seen in full force in the "Shake Your Body (Down to the Ground)" promotional video.[41] With the arrival of Off the Wall in the late 1970s, Jackson's abilities as a vocalist were well regarded. At the time, Rolling Stone compared his vocals to the "breathless, dreamy stutter" of Stevie Wonder. Their analysis was also that "Jackson's feathery-timbred tenor is extraordinarily beautiful. It slides smoothly into a startling falsetto that's used very daringly".[376][377] 1982 saw the release of Thriller, and Rolling Stone was of the opinion that Jackson was then singing in a "fully adult voice" that was "tinged by sadness".[361]
A distinctive deliberate mispronunciation of "come on", used frequently by Jackson, occasionally spelled "c'mon", "cha'mone", or "shamone", is also a staple in impressions and caricatures of him.[378] The turn of the 1990s saw the release of the introspective album Dangerous. The New York Times noted that on some tracks, "he gulps for breath, his voice quivers with anxiety or drops to a desperate whisper, hissing through clenched teeth" and he had a "wretched tone".[367] When singing of brotherhood or self-esteem the musician would return to "smooth" vocals.[367] When commenting on Invincible, Rolling Stone were of the opinion that—at the age of 43—Jackson still performed "exquisitely voiced rhythm tracks and vibrating vocal harmonies".[379] Nelson George summed up Jackson's vocals by stating "The grace, the aggression, the growling, the natural boyishness, the falsetto, the smoothness—that combination of elements mark him as a major vocalist".[362]
Very concerned about a transparent rendition of this identity, the sound engineer Bruce Swedien opted for some technical approaches and studio strategies aiming at keeping as truly as possible the singer’s intimate and natural expressions: mikes, analogic recordings, special techniques elaborated to design vocal prisms, creation of natural acoustic spaces, conversion of stereophonic fields in tri-dimensional sound spaces playing with early reflections, plywood, Monstercable or Tubetraps.[380]
Music videos and choreography
Jackson has also been referred to as the King of Music Videos.[381] Steve Huey of Allmusic observed how Jackson transformed the music video into an art form and a promotional tool through complex story lines, dance routines, special effects and famous cameo appearances, simultaneously breaking down racial barriers.[3] Before Thriller, Jackson struggled to receive coverage on MTV, allegedly because he was African American.[382] Pressure from CBS Records persuaded MTV to start showing "Billie Jean" and later "Beat It", leading to a lengthy partnership with Jackson, also helping other black music artists gain recognition.[383] MTV employees deny any racism in their coverage, or pressure to change their stance. MTV maintains that they played rock music, regardless of race.[384] The popularity of his videos on MTV helped to put the relatively young channel "on the map"; MTV's focus shifted in favor of pop and R&B.[383][385] His performance on Motown 25: Yesterday, Today, Forever changed the scope of live stage show; "That Jackson lip-synced 'Billie Jean' is, in itself, not extraordinary, but the fact that it did not change the impact of the performance is extraordinary; whether the performance was live or lip-synced made no difference to the audience" thus creating an era in which artists re-create the spectacle of music video imagery on stage.[386] Short films like Thriller largely remained unique to Jackson, while the group dance sequence in "Beat It" has frequently been imitated.[387] The choreography in Thriller has become a part of global pop culture, replicated everywhere from Indian films to prisons in the Philippines.[388] The Thriller short film marked an increase in scale for music videos, and has been named the most successful music video ever by the Guinness World Records.[139]
In the 19-minute music video for "Bad"—directed by Martin Scorsese—Jackson began using sexual imagery and choreography not previously seen in his work. He occasionally grabbed or touched his chest, torso and crotch. When asked by Oprah in the 1993 interview about why he grabbed his crotch, he replied, "I think it happens subliminally" and he described it as something that was not planned, but rather, as something that was compelled by the music. "Bad" garnered a mixed reception from both fans and critics; Time magazine described it as "infamous". The video also featured Wesley Snipes; in the future Jackson's videos would often feature famous cameo roles.[108][389] For the "Smooth Criminal" video, Jackson experimented with an anti-gravity lean where the performer leans forward at a 45 degree angle, beyond the performer's center of gravity. To accomplish this move live, Jackson and designers developed a special shoe that locks the performer's feet to the stage, allowing them to lean forward. They were granted U.S. Patent 5,255,452 for the device.[390] Although the music video for "Leave Me Alone" was not officially released in the US, in 1989 it was nominated for three Billboard Music Video Awards;[391] the same year it won a Golden Lion Award for the quality of the special effects used in its production. In 1990, "Leave Me Alone" won a Grammy for Best Music Video, Short Form.[136]
He received the MTV Video Vanguard Award in 1988 and the MTV Video Vanguard Artist of the Decade Award in 1990 to celebrate his accomplishments in the art form in the 1980s; in 1991 the first award was renamed in his honor.[154] "Black or White" was accompanied by a controversial music video, which, on November 14, 1991, simultaneously premiered in 27 countries with an estimated audience of 500 million people, the largest viewing ever for a music video at that time.[153] It featured scenes construed as having a sexual nature as well as depictions of violence. The offending scenes in the final half of the 14-minute version were edited out to prevent the video from being banned, and Jackson apologized.[392] Along with Jackson, it featured Macaulay Culkin, Peggy Lipton, and George Wendt. It helped usher in morphing as an important technology in music videos.[393]
"Remember the Time" was an elaborate production, and became one of his longest videos at over nine minutes. Set in ancient Egypt, it featured groundbreaking visual effects and appearances by Eddie Murphy, Iman, and Magic Johnson, along with a distinct complex dance routine.[394] The video for "In the Closet" was Jackson's most sexually provocative piece. It featured supermodel Naomi Campbell in a courtship dance with Jackson. The video was banned in South Africa because of its imagery.[154]
The music video for "Scream", directed by Mark Romanek and production designer Tom Foden, is one of Jackson's most critically acclaimed. In 1995, it gained 11 MTV Video Music Award Nominations—more than any other music video—and won "Best Dance Video", "Best Choreography", and "Best Art Direction".[395] The song and its accompanying video are a response to the backlash Jackson received from the media after being accused of child molestation in 1993.[396] A year later, it won a Grammy for Best Music Video, Short Form; shortly afterwards Guinness World Records listed it as the most expensive music video ever made at a cost of $7 million.[203][397]
"Earth Song" was accompanied by an expensive and well-received music video that gained a Grammy nomination for Best Music Video, Short Form in 1997. The video had an environmental theme, showing images of animal cruelty, deforestation, pollution and war. Using special effects, time is reversed so that life returns, wars end, and the forests re-grow.[203][398] Released in 1997 and premiering at the 1996 Cannes Film Festival, Michael Jackson's Ghosts was a short film written by Jackson and Stephen King and directed by Stan Winston. The video for Ghosts is over 38 minutes long and holds the Guinness World Record as the world's longest music video.[203][212][399][400]
Legacy and influence
See also: Records and achievements of Michael Jackson and List of artists influenced by Michael Jackson

Pink star with a gold colored rim and the writing "Michael Jackson" in its center. The star is indented into the ground and is surrounded by a marble-colored floor.

 Jackson's star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame, set in 1984
The media has commonly referred to Jackson as the "King of Pop" because, throughout his career, he transformed the art of music videos and paved the way for modern pop music. The Daily Telegraph writer Tom Utley described Jackson in 2003 as "extremely important" and a "genius".[401] For much of his career, he had an "unparalleled" level of worldwide influence over the younger generation through his musical and humanitarian contributions.[205] Jackson's music and videos, such as Thriller, fostered racial diversity in MTV's roster, helped to put the relatively new channel into public awareness, and steered the channel's focus from rock to pop music and R&B, shaping the channel into a form that proved enduring. Jackson's work continues to influence numerous hip hop, rock, pop and R&B artists. BET described Jackson "as quite simply the greatest entertainer of all time" and someone who "revolutionized the music video and brought dances like the moonwalk to the world. Jackson's sound, style, movement and legacy continues to inspire artists of all genres."[402]
Allmusic's Steve Huey describes Jackson as "an unstoppable juggernaut, possessed of all the skills to dominate the charts seemingly at will: an instantly identifiable voice, eye-popping dance moves, stunning musical versatility and loads of sheer star power".[3] In the mid-1980s, Time magazine's pop music critic, Jay Cocks, noted "Jackson is the biggest thing since the Beatles. He is the hottest single phenomenon since Elvis Presley. He just may be the most popular black singer ever".[70] In 1990, Vanity Fair cited Jackson as the most popular artist in the history of show business.[136] In 2007, Jackson said, "Music has been my outlet, my gift to all of the lovers in this world. Through it, my music, I know I will live forever."[403]
Shortly after Jackson's death, on June 25, 2009, MTV briefly returned to its original music video format to celebrate and pay tribute to his work.[404] The channel aired many hours of Jackson's music videos, accompanied by live news specials featuring reactions from MTV personalities and other celebrities. The temporary shift in MTV's programming culminated the following week in the channel's live coverage of Jackson's memorial service.[405] At the memorial service on July 7, 2009, founder of Motown Records Berry Gordy proclaimed Jackson as "the greatest entertainer that ever lived".[406][407][408]
In 2010, two university librarians found that Jackson's influence extended into academia, and has been mentioned in scholarly literature pertaining to a range of subject matter.[409][410] The two researchers combed through various scholars' writings, and compiled an annotated bibliography of those writings. The bibliography located references to Jackson in research reports concerning music, popular culture, chemistry and an array of other topics.[409][411]
Honors and awards
See also: List of awards and nominations received by Michael Jackson



Thriller platinum record on display at the Hard Rock Cafe, Hollywood in Universal City, California
Michael Jackson was inducted onto the Hollywood Walk of Fame in 1980 as member of the Jacksons and in 1984 as solo artist. Throughout his career he received numerous honors and awards, including the World Music Awards' Best-Selling Pop Male Artist of the Millennium, the American Music Award's Artist of the Century Award and the Bambi Pop Artist of the Millennium Award.[218][412] He was a double-inductee of the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame, once as a member of The Jackson 5 in 1997 and later as a solo artist in 2001. Jackson was also inducted in several other halls of fame, including Vocal Group Hall of Fame (as a Jackson 5 member) in 1999 and the Songwriters Hall of Fame in 2002.[218] In 2010, Jackson was inducted into the Dance Hall of Fame as the first (and currently only) dancer from the world of pop and rock 'n' roll.[413] In 2014, Jackson was inducted into the second class of inductees to the Rhythm and Blues Music Hall of Fame; his father Joe Jackson accepted on his behalf.[414]
His awards include many Guinness World Records (eight in 2006 alone),[415] 13 Grammy Awards (as well as the Grammy Legend Award and the Grammy Lifetime Achievement Award), 26 American Music Awards (including the "Artist of the Century" and "Artist of the 1980s")—more than any artist—, 13 number one singles in the US in his solo career—more than any other male artist in the Hot 100 era[416]—and estimated sales of over 450 million records worldwide,[417][418][Note 1] which makes him one of the best selling artists of all time.[419][420][421][422][423] On December 29, 2009, the American Film Institute recognized Jackson's death as a "moment of significance" saying, "Michael Jackson's sudden death in June at age 50 was notable for the worldwide outpouring of grief and the unprecedented global eulogy of his posthumous concert rehearsal movie This Is It."[424] Michael Jackson also received a Doctor of Humane Letters Degree from the United Negro College Fund[425] and also an Honorary Doctorate of Humane Letters from Fisk University.[426]
Earnings and wealth
It is estimated that Michael Jackson earned about $750 million in his lifetime.[427] Sales of his recordings through Sony's music unit earned him an estimated $300 million in royalties. He may have also earned an additional $400 million from concerts, music publishing (including his share of the Beatles catalog) endorsements, merchandising and music videos. Estimating how much of these earnings Jackson was able to personally pocket is difficult because one has to account for taxes, recording costs and production costs.[428]
There have also been several detailed estimates of Jackson's net worth and these range from negative $285 million to positive $350 million.
Michael Jackson's estimated net-worth over the years

Year
Assets
Debt
Net worth
Source
2002 $130 million $415 million -$285 million Forensic accountant in 2005 recalling Jackson's 2002 balance sheet under oath[429]
2003 $550 million ($100 million in properties including Neverland ranch; Encino and Las Vegas homes and other properties and $450 million in music holdings including 50% stake in Sony ATV and other music publishing) $200 million $350 million Forbes magazine, November 21, 2003[430]
2007 $567.6 million (includes 50% share of the Sony/ATV catalog valued at $390.6 million, Neverland valued at $33 million, cars, antiques, collectibles and other property valued at $20 million, and $668,215 in cash) $331 million $236 million Michael Jackson's March 2007 statement of financial condition prepared by Washington-based accounting firm Thompson, Cobb, Bazilio & Associates; described by CBS News as the clearest account yet of Jackson's finances.[431]
U.S. Federal estate tax problems
On July 26, 2013, the executors of the Estate of Michael Jackson filed a petition in the United States Tax Court as a result of a dispute with the Internal Revenue Service (IRS) over U.S. federal estate taxes imposed on the value of Jackson's Estate at the time of his death. The executors of the Estate claim that the Estate was worth about $7 million. The IRS asserts that the Estate was worth over $1.1 billion, and that over $700 million in federal estate taxes (including penalties) are due.[432][433]
Discography
Main articles: Michael Jackson albums discography and Michael Jackson singles discography
See also: Jackson 5 discography
Got to Be There (1972)
Ben (1972)
Music & Me (1973)
Forever, Michael (1975)
Off the Wall (1979)
Thriller (1982)
Bad (1987)
Dangerous (1991)
HIStory: Past, Present and Future, Book I (1995)
Invincible (2001)
Filmography
See also: Michael Jackson videography
The Wiz (1978)
Captain EO (1986)
Moonwalker (1988)
Michael Jackson's Ghosts (1997)
Men in Black II (2002)
Miss Cast Away and the Island Girls (2004)
Michael Jackson's This Is It (2009)
Bad 25 (2012)
Michael Jackson: The Last Photo Shoot (2014)
Tours
Main article: List of concert tours by Michael Jackson and the Jackson 5
Bad (1987–89)
Dangerous World Tour (1992–93)
HIStory World Tour (1996–97)
MJ & Friends (1999)
This Is It (2009–10; cancelled)
See also

Portal icon Michael Jackson portal
Portal icon The Jackson Family portal
Portal icon African American portal
Book icon Book: Michael Jackson

Honorific nicknames in popular music
List of cover versions of Michael Jackson songs
List of songs recorded by Michael Jackson
List of unreleased Michael Jackson songs
Michael Jackson-related games
Personal relationships of Michael Jackson
Notes
Note 1^
According to The Wall Street Journal and diverse news sites, the 750 million units sold by Michael Jackson is an inflated figure that was initially claimed by Raymone Bain (2006),[434][435] who was the singer's publicist at that time, without any factual evidence and probably in an effort to promote album sales.[436][437] From 2006 until present time, several sources such as MTV, Reuters, and Billboard have claimed that Michael Jackson has sold 750 million units, however, Adrian Strain, a representative from the International Federation of the Phonographic Industry (IFPI) has said that this figure is unreal.
References
Citations
1.Jump up ^ Novack, Janet (October 3, 2014). "IRS: We Made A Mistake Valuing Michael Jackson's Estate". Forbes. Retrieved November 7, 2014.
2.Jump up ^ County of Los Angeles Department of Health Services. (2009). Michael Jackson death certificate.
3.^ Jump up to: a b c d e f g h i j k Huey, Steve. "Michael Jackson—Biography". AllMusic. Retrieved November 11, 2006.
4.Jump up ^ Browne, David (November 29, 1991). "Michael Jackson's Black or White Blues". Entertainment Weekly. Retrieved July 3, 2009. "[A] highly placed source at MTV says the network was obligated to refer to Jackson on air as the King of Pop in order to be allowed to show "Black or White." An MTV spokeswoman denies that, but the phrase was part of MTV's ads for the video and was repeatedly used by its VJs. A source at Fox confirms that Jackson's people did request that Bart use the phrase "King of Pop" in the video and that the phrase also be used in the network's press releases; 'King of Pop' also crops up in Fox's print ads for the video and in press releases by Jackson's publicists, Solters/Roskin/Friedman."
5.Jump up ^ "He wears the crown as the King Of Pop because no artist has broken his record of selling nearly 60 million copies of a single Album (Thriller)", in Lewis, p. 3
6.Jump up ^ Lewis, Monica (June 14, 2007). "20 People Who Changed Black Music: Michael Jackson, the Child Star-Turned-Adult Enigma". The Miami Herald. Retrieved March 16, 2013.
7.Jump up ^ Trust, Gary. "Michael Jackson, Coldplay Hit Hot 100's Top 10; John Legend Still No. 1". Billboard. Retrieved May 23, 2014.
8.Jump up ^ Orth, Maureen (April 2003). "Losing His Grip". Vanity Fair. Retrieved March 17, 2013.[dead link]
9.Jump up ^ Mankiewicz, Josh (September 3, 2004). "New details about 1993 Jackson case". NBC News. Retrieved December 13, 2012.
10.Jump up ^ "Hazarika's funeral creates world record". MSN. July 8, 2009.
11.Jump up ^ Jackson, Michael (2009) [First published 1988]. Moonwalk. Random House. p. 26. ISBN 0-307-71698-8.
12.Jump up ^ Young, Julie (Fall 2009). "A Hoosier Thriller: Gary, Indiana’s Michael Jackson". Traces of Indiana and Midwestern History (Indianapolis: Indiana Historical Society) 21 (4): 18. Retrieved February 24, 2014.
13.Jump up ^ Young, p. 17 and 19.
14.Jump up ^ Young, p. 18—19.
15.^ Jump up to: a b c d George, p. 20
16.Jump up ^ Taraborrelli, p. 14
17.^ Jump up to: a b Michael Jackson's Secret Childhood, VH1, June 20, 2008.
18.Jump up ^ Taraborrelli, pp. 20–22
19.Jump up ^ Can Michael Jackson's demons be explained?, BBC, June 27, 2009.
20.Jump up ^ "Jackson interview seen by 14m". BBC News. February 4, 2003. Retrieved March 16, 2013.
21.Jump up ^ Young, p. 24.
22.Jump up ^ Daniel Schechter, Erica Willheim (2009). "The Effects of Violent Experience and Maltreatment on Infants and Young Children". In Charles H. Zeanah (Ed.). Handbook of Infant Mental Health—3rd Edition. New York: Guilford Press, Inc. pp. 197–214.
23.Jump up ^ Taraborrelli, p. 602
24.^ Jump up to: a b Lewis, pp. 165–168
25.Jump up ^ https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ldyRUqGN3XA
26.Jump up ^ http://www.foxnews.com/story/2003/02/07/michael-jackson-unacceptable-behavior-revealed.html
27.Jump up ^ http://edition.cnn.com/2009/SHOWBIZ/Music/07/21/joe.jackson/index.html?iref=24hours
28.Jump up ^ https://celebrity.yahoo.com/video/jackson-brothers-joe-jackson-abusive-170000051.html
29.^ Jump up to: a b The Jackson Five, Rock and Roll Hall of Fame. Retrieved March 16, 2013.
30.Jump up ^ Young, p. 21—22.
31.Jump up ^ rsiwebadmin (August 25, 2009). "Triumph & Tragedy: The Life of Michael Jackson". Rolling Stone. Retrieved January 30, 2014.
32.Jump up ^ Young, p. 22.
33.Jump up ^ Young, p. 21.
34.Jump up ^ Taraborrelli, p. 59—69
35.Jump up ^ "Michael jackson bio". Rolling Stone. p. 1. Retrieved October 4, 2012.
36.Jump up ^ Taraborrelli, p. 81–82.
37.^ Jump up to: a b Young, p. 25
38.Jump up ^ McNulty, Bernadette (June 26, 2009). "Michael Jackson's Music: The Solo Albums". The Telegraph (London). Retrieved January 31, 2014.
39.Jump up ^ Taraborrelli, p. 98–99.
40.Jump up ^ Alban, Debra (June 28, 2009). "Michael Jackson Broke Down Racial Barriers". Black in America 2 (CNN). Retrieved January 24, 2012.
41.^ Jump up to: a b c George, p. 22
42.Jump up ^ Taraborrelli, pp. 138–144
43.Jump up ^ "The Wiz (1978)". Internet Movie Database. Retrieved January 31, 2014.
44.Jump up ^ Taraborrelli, p. 178–79.
45.^ Jump up to: a b George, p. 23
46.^ Jump up to: a b Taraborrelli, pp. 205–210
47.^ Jump up to: a b Young, p. 25.
48.^ Jump up to: a b George, pp. 37–38
49.Jump up ^ "Michael Jackson is born – History.com This Day in History – August 29, 1958". The History Channel. Retrieved December 26, 2010.
50.Jump up ^ Michael Jackson: Off the Wall, Virgin Media. Retrieved December 12, 2008.
51.Jump up ^ "Donna Summer and Michael Jackson sweep Annual American Music Awards". Lakeland Ledger. January 20, 1980. Retrieved June 16, 2010.
52.Jump up ^ "Donna No. 1, Pop and Soul; Michael Jackson King of Soul". The Afro American. February 2, 1980. Retrieved June 16, 2010.
53.Jump up ^ "Few Surprises In Music Awards". Sarasota Herald. February 1, 1981. Retrieved June 16, 2010.
54.Jump up ^ Taraborrelli, p. 188
55.Jump up ^ Taraborrelli, p. 191
56.^ Jump up to: a b c d e f g "Grammy Awards Past Winners Search". The Recording Academy. 2014. Retrieved January 29, 2014.
57.^ Jump up to: a b "Michael Jackson sweeps American Music Awards". Daily News. January 17, 1984. Retrieved June 16, 2010.
58.Jump up ^ "MICHAEL HE'S NOT JUST THE ROCK STAR OF THE YEAR, HE'S THE ROCK STAR OF THE '80S". Philadelphia Inquirer. December 20, 1983. Retrieved July 5, 2010.
59.Jump up ^ "Cash register's ring sweet music to record industry". Gasden Times. March 26, 1984. Retrieved July 5, 2010.
60.Jump up ^ RIAA Diamond Awards, Recording Industry Association of America. Retrieved October 28, 2009.
61.Jump up ^ Gitlin, Martin (2011). The Baby Boomer Encyclopedia. ABC-CLIO. p. 196.
62.Jump up ^ Lewis, p. 47
63.Jump up ^ Anderson, Kyle (July 20, 2009). "Michael Jackson's Thriller Set To Become Top-Selling Album Of All Time". MTV (Viacom International Inc.). Retrieved January 31, 2014.
64.^ Jump up to: a b c Grammy Awards Past Winners Search, National Academy of Recording Arts and Sciences. Retrieved February 14, 2008.
65.Jump up ^ "Winners Search: Search Results for "Michael Jackson"". Dick Clark Productions. Retrieved January 31, 2014.
66.^ Jump up to: a b Dobuzinskis, Alex (December 30, 2009). "Jackson "Thriller" film picked for U.S. registry". Thomas Reuters. Reuters. Retrieved July 2, 2011.
67.Jump up ^ "Zorro, Nemo, Muppets & More: Wide Variety Tapped for 2009 Film Registry". Library of Congress. January–February 2010. Retrieved January 29, 2014.
68.^ Jump up to: a b Itzkoff, Dave (December 30, 2009). "'Thriller' Video Added to U.S. Film Registry". The New York Times. Retrieved April 28, 2010.
69.Jump up ^ "Michael Jackson". CNN. December 30, 2009. Retrieved April 17, 2010.
70.^ Jump up to: a b c Cocks, Jay (March 19, 1984). "Why He's a Thriller". Time. Retrieved April 25, 2010.
71.Jump up ^ Taraborrelli, p. 226
72.Jump up ^ Pareles, John. Michael Jackson at 25: A Musical Phenomenon, The New York Times, January 14, 1984.
73.Jump up ^ Williams, Janette (June 25, 2009). "Michael Jackson left indelible mark on Pasadena". Whittier (Calif.) Daily News. Retrieved January 30, 2014.
74.^ Jump up to: a b "Fatal Cardiac Arrest Strikes Michael Jackson". Emmys.tv. June 25, 2009. Retrieved June 11, 2012.
75.Jump up ^ Taraborrelli, p. 243–44
76.Jump up ^ Taraborrelli, p. 234–37
77.Jump up ^ Taraborrelli, pp. 238–41
78.Jump up ^ Kisselgoff, Anna. Dancing feet of Michael Jackson, The New York Times, March 6, 1988.
79.Jump up ^ "Berry Gordy Addresses Michael Jackson Memorial Service Sound Clip and Quote". Hark. Retrieved March 16, 2013.
80.^ Jump up to: a b c d e Herrera, Monica (July 3, 2009). "Michael Jackson, Pepsi Made Marketing History". Billboard. Retrieved January 31, 2014.
81.Jump up ^ Story, Louise (December 31, 2007). "Philip B. Dusenberry, 71, Adman, Dies". The New York Times. Retrieved July 17, 2009.
82.Jump up ^ Taraborrelli, pp. 279–287
83.Jump up ^ "Beyonce and Pepsi Strike Estimated $50 Million Multi-Level Partnership" (BLOG). Hip Hop Media Training. December 10, 2012. Retrieved January 31, 2014.
84.Jump up ^ Taraborrelli, pp. 304–307
85.Jump up ^ "Drunk Driving Prevention (1983 – Present)". Advertising Education Foundation. Retrieved January 31, 2014.
86.Jump up ^ Taraborrelli, p. 320
87.Jump up ^ Taraborrelli, p. 314
88.Jump up ^ Taraborrelli, pp. 315–320
89.^ Jump up to: a b "Past Winners Search". The Recording Academy. 2014. Retrieved January 29, 2014.
90.^ Jump up to: a b c d e f Doyle, Jack (July 7, 2009). "Michael & McCartney, 1990s–2009". The Pop History Dig.
91.^ Jump up to: a b "Bruce shows who's Boss". The Gazette. Montreal. January 28, 1986. Retrieved June 16, 2010.
92.Jump up ^ Grammy Awards Past Winners Search, National Academy of Recording Arts and Sciences. Retrieved February 14, 2008.
93.Jump up ^ Campbell, Lisa D (1993). Michael Jackson: the King of Pop. Branden Books. p. 114. ISBN 978-0-8283-1957-7.
94.Jump up ^ Taraborrelli, pp. 340–344
95.^ Jump up to: a b c d e f g Hilburn, Robert (September 22, 1985). "The long and winding road". Los Angeles Times.
96.^ Jump up to: a b c Taraborrelli, pp. 333–338
97.^ Jump up to: a b c "Paul McCartney refused an offer to buy the ATV Catalog for £20 million". Audio & transcript of McCartney at a 1990 press conference. November 13, 2010.
98.^ Jump up to: a b "Michael Jackson 1958–2009". Today Tonight. June 25, 2009. Coverage of the sale of ATV Music at 2:36 minutes in. Retrieved January 12, 2011.
99.^ Jump up to: a b c Campbell (1995), pp. 14–16
100.Jump up ^ Taraborrelli, pp. 434–436
101.Jump up ^ "Michael Jackson case report" (PDF). TMZ.com. Retrieved September 10, 2010.
102.^ Jump up to: a b c Jackson, pp. 229–230
103.Jump up ^ Taraborrelli, pp. 312–313
104.Jump up ^ "Michael Jackson Secret Boyfriend Claims Draw Fury". National Ledger. May 8, 2010. Retrieved July 2, 2011.
105.^ Jump up to: a b "Music's misunderstood superstar". BBC. June 13, 2005. Retrieved July 14, 2008.
106.Jump up ^ Goldberg, Michael; Handelman, David (September 24, 1987). "Is Michael Jackson for Real?". Rolling Stone.
107.Jump up ^ Taraborrelli, pp. 355–361
108.^ Jump up to: a b Taraborrelli, pp. 370–373
109.Jump up ^ Abimboye, Demola (July 5, 2009). "The Man, His Weird Ways". Newswatch. Archived from the original on October 22, 2012. Retrieved October 24, 2009.
110.Jump up ^ Jackson, Michael (September 12, 1997). Jackson interview with Barbara Walters. Interview with Barbara Walters. 20/20. ABC.
111.Jump up ^ Taraborrelli, p. vii
112.Jump up ^ George, p. 41
113.Jump up ^ "Captain EO is Back to Change the World". Movies.ign.com. February 23, 2010. Retrieved August 22, 2010.
114.Jump up ^ Johnson, Robert E. (September 1987). "Michael Jackson Comes Back!". Ebony 42 (11): 143, 149. ISSN 0012-9011., Jackson, Katherine (October 1990). "Mother of Jackson Family Tells All". Ebony 45 (12): 66. ISSN 0012-9011.
115.^ Jump up to: a b Cocks, Jay. The Badder They Come, Time, September 14, 1987.
116.Jump up ^ Leopold, Todd (June 6, 2005). "Michael Jackson: A life in the spotlight". CNN. Retrieved May 5, 2008.
117.Jump up ^ "Michael Jackson Bad album set for re-release". The Daily Telegraph (London). November 9, 2011. Retrieved May 25, 2012.
118.Jump up ^ "50 fastest selling albums ever". NME. 2011. Retrieved May 25, 2012.
119.Jump up ^ Kaufman, Gil (2010). "Michael Jackson's New Album Cover Decoded Painting is packed with iconic MJ images". MTV. Retrieved May 25, 2012.
120.Jump up ^ Sinha-Roy, Piya (May 21, 2012). "Michael Jackson is still "Bad," 25 years after". Reuters. Retrieved May 22, 2012.
121.Jump up ^ "25th Anniversary Of Michael Jackson's Landmark Album Bad Celebrated With September 18 Release Of New Bad 25 Packages". Yahoo!. May 21, 2012. Archived from the original on November 14, 2012. Retrieved May 24, 2012.
122.Jump up ^ "Michael Jackson's Bad To Get 25th Anniversary Release". contactmusic. May 21, 2012. Retrieved May 25, 2012.
123.Jump up ^ "Michael, Travis top Music Award winners". Lodi News-Sentinel. January 30, 1989. Retrieved June 16, 2010.
124.Jump up ^ "American Music Awards Monday". The Modesto Bee. January 27, 1989.
125.Jump up ^ Campbell, Lisa D (1993). Michael Jackson: the King of Pop. Branden Books. p. 251. ISBN 978-0-8283-1957-7.
126.Jump up ^ "JACKSON TOUR ON ITS WAY TO U.S.". San Josè Mercury News. January 12, 1988. Retrieved July 5, 2010.
127.Jump up ^ "Winners of American Music Awards". Lodi News-Sentinel. January 26, 1988. Retrieved June 16, 2010.
128.^ Jump up to: a b Lewis, pp. 95–96
129.Jump up ^ Harrington, Richard (January 12, 1988). "Jackson to Make First Solo U.S. Tour". The Washington Post. Retrieved March 16, 2013.
130.Jump up ^ "16 of Michael Jackson's Greatest Non-Musical Achievements". brainz.org. Retrieved April 12, 2013.
131.Jump up ^ "Michael Jackson Career Statistics". statisticbrain.com. Retrieved April 12, 2013.
132.Jump up ^ "Michael Jackson The Immortal World Tour". cirquedusoleil.com. Retrieved April 12, 2013.
133.Jump up ^ Shanahan, Mark and Golstein, Meredith (June 27, 2009). "Remembering Michael". Boston Globe. Retrieved March 14, 2010.
134.Jump up ^ Jackson, pp. 29–31
135.Jump up ^ George, p. 42
136.^ Jump up to: a b c d e George, pp. 43–44
137.^ Jump up to: a b c "Michael Jackson: Biography", Rolling Stone. Retrieved February 14, 2008.
138.^ Jump up to: a b Gunderson, Edna (February 19, 2007). "For Jackson, scandal could spell financial ruin". USA Today. Retrieved March 14, 2010.
139.^ Jump up to: a b c "Jackson receives his World Records". Yahoo!. November 14, 2006. Archived from the original on May 27, 2011. Retrieved November 16, 2006.
140.Jump up ^ Press references to Jackson as a music "king" appeared as early as 1984 after he swept the Grammy Awards, and "king of pop" appeared as early as 1987. MTV and Fox used the title in joint press releases and ads for the "Black or White" video at Jackson's request, but MTV denied a report that VJs were required to use it on-camera. Writers described the title as self-proclaimed from then on.
141.Jump up ^ Arar, Yardena (February 29, 1984). "Michael Jackson coronated latest king of rock 'n' roll". Boca Raton News. p. 7A.
142.Jump up ^ "Is the thrill gone for singer Michael Jackson?". Sacramento Bee. July 27, 1987. p. B3.
143.Jump up ^ Browne, David (November 29, 1991). "Michael Jackson's Black or White Blues". Entertainment Weekly.
144.Jump up ^ Campbell (1993) pp. 260–263
145.Jump up ^ Remarks on the Upcoming Summit With President Mikhail Gorbachev of the Soviet Union, April 5, 1990.
146.Jump up ^ "Blacks Who Give Something Back". Ebony. March 1990. p. 68.
147.Jump up ^ Taraborrelli, p. 382
148.Jump up ^ "Michael Jackson's Life & Legacy: The Eccentric King Of Pop (1986–1999)". MTV News. July 6, 2009. Retrieved August 22, 2010.
149.Jump up ^ Gray, Chris; Shah, Saeed (October 3, 2002). "Robbie swings historic record deal with EMI". The Independent (London). Retrieved March 24, 2010.
150.^ Jump up to: a b c d "Gold and Platinum". Recording Industry Association of America. Retrieved April 27, 2008.
151.Jump up ^ "Michael Jackson sulla sedia a rotelle". Affaritaliani. August 11, 2008. Retrieved May 10, 2009.
152.Jump up ^ Carter, Kelley L. (August 10, 2008). "New jack swing". Chicago Tribune. Retrieved December 19, 2010.
153.^ Jump up to: a b c d e f "The return of the King of Pop". MSNBC. November 2, 2006. Retrieved June 8, 2008.
154.^ Jump up to: a b c d e f g George, pp. 45–46
155.Jump up ^ "Garth Brooks ropes in most Billboard awards". The Beaver County Times. December 10, 1992. Retrieved July 4, 2010.
156.Jump up ^ Taraborrelli, p. 459
157.Jump up ^ Harrington, Richard (February 5, 1992). "Jackson to Tour Overseas". The Washington Post.
158.Jump up ^ Taraborrelli, pp. 452–454
159.Jump up ^ "Stars line up for Clinton celebration". Daily News of Los Angeles. January 19, 1993.
160.Jump up ^ Smith, Patricia (January 20, 1992). "Facing the music and the masses at the presidential gala". Boston Globe.
161.^ Jump up to: a b c d Johnson, Robert (May 1992). "Michael Jackson: crowned in Africa". Ebony. pp. 34–43.
162.Jump up ^ Sandomir, Richard (June 29, 2009). "How Jackson Redefined the Super Bowl". The New York Times. Retrieved June 8, 2013.
163.Jump up ^ "Cyrus, Bolton please the fans". Toledo Blade. January 27, 1993. Retrieved June 16, 2010.
164.^ Jump up to: a b "1993: Michael Jackson accused of child abuse". BBC. February 8, 2003. Retrieved November 11, 2006.
165.Jump up ^ Taraborrelli, pp. 485–486
166.^ Jump up to: a b c Taraborrelli, pp. 477–478
167.Jump up ^ Taraborrelli, pp. 496–498
168.Jump up ^ Newton, James (January 25, 1994). "Boy's Father in Jackson's Case Won't Be Charged: Investigation: Singer claimed parent of alleged molestation victim tried to extort money from him. D.A. says decision not to prosecute is unrelated to reports that settlement is near.". Los Angeles Times. Retrieved June 18, 2014.
169.Jump up ^ "Jackson Vs. the State of California – Michael Jackson" (PDF). Superior Court of California. 2005.
170.Jump up ^ "Jackson's Books About Boys Are Allowed as Evidence in Trial" By JOHN M. BRODER Published: April 30, 2005. Retrieved June 16, 2014.
171.^ Jump up to: a b c Taraborrelli, pp. 534–540
172.Jump up ^ Orth, Maureen (May 1, 2005). The Importance of Being Famous: Behind the Scenes of the Celebrity-Industial Complex. Henry Holt and Company. p. 331. ISBN 978-0-8050-7847-3.
173.Jump up ^ "The Case Against Michael Jackson: The Telltale "Splotch". The Smoking Gun. January 6, 2005. Retrieved May 2, 2011.
174.Jump up ^ Vigoda, Arlene. "Photos May Contradict Michael Jackson's Accuser." USA Today. January 28, 1994: Pg. 2.
175.Jump up ^ "Photos May Contradict Michael's Accuser (abstract, full text available for pay)". USA Today. McLean, Va. January 28, 1994.
176.Jump up ^ "Photos May Contradict Michael's Accuser (full text)"USA Today. McLean, Va. January 28, 1994.
177.Jump up ^ "Superior Court of the State of California For the County of Santa Barbara Santa Maria Division" (PDF). 2005. p. 4.
178.Jump up ^ Dimond, Diane. Be Careful Who You Love: Inside the Michael Jackson Case. pp. 13–15.
179.Jump up ^ "Superior Court of the State of California For the County of Santa Barbara Santa Maria Division" (PDF). 2004. p. 4.
180.Jump up ^ "Photos May Contradict Michael's Accuser". USA Today. Mjeol.com. January 28, 1994. Retrieved March 16, 2013.
181.Jump up ^ Campbell (1995), pp. 47–50
182.Jump up ^ "Jackson Grand Jury Disbanded – 1994.". May 2, 1994. Retrieved March 16, 2013.
183.Jump up ^ "STATEMENT OF DECLINATION ISSUED JOINTLY BY THE DISTRICT ATTORNEY'S OFFICES OF LOS ANGELES AND SANTA BARABARA COUNTIES. September 21, 1994". atgbook.net. Archived from the original on December 25, 2005. Retrieved October 26, 2010.
184.^ Jump up to: a b Attorneys for Michael Jackson (March 22, 2005). "Objection to Subpoena of Settlement Document" (PDF). Superior Court of California.
185.Jump up ^ Taraborrelli, pp. 540–545
186.Jump up ^ "Michael Jackson's $15 Million Payoff". The Smoking Gun. June 16, 2004. Retrieved March 16, 2013.
187.Jump up ^ Newton, Jim (February 5, 1994). "Grand Jury to convene in Jackson Case Law: Sources close to the investigation say a panel in Santa Barbara will hear testimony next week about alleged molestation of boy.". Los Angeles Times. Retrieved June 25, 2010.
188.Jump up ^ "Jackson Attorney: FBI Files Are 'Almost Vindication'" December 23, 2009. By LEE FERRAN and EILEEN MURPHY|ABCNews|Retrieved June 16, 2014.
189.Jump up ^ "Police Say Seized Tapes Do Not Incriminate Jackson : Investigation: Officials continue to interview children in connection with molestation allegations". August 27, 1993. Retrieved June 18, 2014.
190.Jump up ^ "Tapes Used to Allege Plot to Extort Jackson Released : Inquiry: Singer's aides provide purported comments by boy's father, who has told friends allegations are untrue.". August 31, 1993. Retrieved June 18, 2014.
191.Jump up ^ Taraborrelli, pp. 500–507
192.Jump up ^ Gliatto, Tom (August 15, 1994). "Neverland Meets Graceland". People.
193.^ Jump up to: a b c Taraborrelli, pp. 518–520
194.Jump up ^ Taraborrelli, p. 510
195.^ Jump up to: a b "She's Out Of His Life". CNN. January 18, 1996. Retrieved July 24, 2008.
196.Jump up ^ Taraborrelli, pp. 562–564
197.^ Jump up to: a b Taraborrelli, pp. 580–581
198.Jump up ^ "Lisa Marie Presley Opens Up About Michael Jackson". Oprah.com. October 21, 2010. Retrieved March 16, 2013.
199.Jump up ^ "Michael Jackson sells rights to Beatles songs to Sony". The New York Times. Associated Press. November 8, 1995. Retrieved March 16, 2013.
200.^ Jump up to: a b Leeds, Jeff (April 13, 2006). "Michael Jackson Bailout Said to Be Close". The New York Times. Retrieved July 23, 2008.
201.Jump up ^ "Top 100 Albums (Page 2)". Recording Industry Association of America. Retrieved April 16, 2008.
202.Jump up ^ Putti, Laura (August 24, 2001). "Il nuovo Michael Jackson fa un tuffo nel passato". La Repubblica. Retrieved May 10, 2009.
203.^ Jump up to: a b c d e f g h George, pp. 48–50
204.Jump up ^ Taraborrelli, pp. 576–577
205.^ Jump up to: a b "ADL happy with Michael Jackson decision". Anti-Defamation League. June 22, 1995. Retrieved July 1, 2008.
206.Jump up ^ "Brooks turns down award for favorite artist of the year". Rome News-Tribune. January 30, 1996. Retrieved June 16, 2010.
207.Jump up ^ Taraborrelli, pp. 570–586
208.Jump up ^ Taraborrelli, p. 597
209.^ Jump up to: a b Taraborrelli, pp. 599–600
210.^ Jump up to: a b "Jackson child custody battle ends". BBC News. September 30, 2006. Retrieved April 25, 2010.
211.^ Jump up to: a b Rojek, Chris (2007). Cultural Studies. Polity. p. 74. ISBN 0-7456-3683-7.
212.^ Jump up to: a b c d Taraborrelli, pp. 610–612
213.Jump up ^ "Ricky Martin, Mariah Carey, Michael Jackson, Others To Join Pavarotti For Benefit". VH1. May 5, 1999. Retrieved May 30, 2008.[dead link]
214.Jump up ^ "Slash, Scorpions, Others Scheduled For 'Michael Jackson & Friends'". VH1. May 27, 1999. Retrieved May 30, 2008.
215.Jump up ^ Rozhon, Tracie (November 16, 2000). "BIG DEAL; An Old Chagall Haunt, Repainted". The New York Times. Retrieved April 10, 2013.
216.Jump up ^ "Lauryn Hill, Backstreet Boys, DMX Honored With American Music Awards". MTV. January 18, 2000. Retrieved June 16, 2010.
217.^ Jump up to: a b c d Taraborrelli, pp. 614–617
218.^ Jump up to: a b c George, pp. 50–53
219.Jump up ^ Burkeman, Oliver (July 7, 2009). "Liveblogging Michael Jackson's funeral and memorial service". The Guardian (London). Retrieved March 16, 2013.
220.^ Jump up to: a b Burkeman, Oliver (July 8, 2002). "Jacko gets tough: but is he a race crusader or just a falling star?". The Guardian (London). Retrieved July 23, 2008.
221.Jump up ^ Jackson, Jermaine (December 31, 2002). Interview with Jermaine Jackson. Interview with Connie Chung. CNN. Connie Chung Tonight. Retrieved July 2, 2008.
222.Jump up ^ "Keys, Destiny's Child, McGraw win at American Music Awards". Lodi-News Sentinel. January 10, 2002. Retrieved June 16, 2010.
223.Jump up ^ "Michael Jackson". Daily Mirror. Retrieved May 29, 2009.
224.Jump up ^ Vineyard, Jennifer (November 20, 2002). "Michael Jackson Calls Baby-Dangling Incident A 'Terrible Mistake'". MTV. Retrieved March 3, 2009.
225.Jump up ^ "BPI Searchable database—Gold and Platinum". British Phonographic Industry.
226.^ Jump up to: a b Taraborrelli, p. 640
227.Jump up ^ "Michael Jackson Bombshell". The Smoking Gun. December 9, 2003. Retrieved June 16, 2014.
228.Jump up ^ Taraborrelli, p. 661
229.Jump up ^ Davis, Matthew (June 6, 2005). "Michael Jackson health concerns". BBC. Retrieved April 14, 2008.
230.Jump up ^ "Michael Jackson jury reaches verdict". The Guardian (London). Associated Press. June 13, 2005. Retrieved July 12, 2008.
231.Jump up ^ Toumi, Habib (January 23, 2006). "Jackson settles down to his new life in the Persian Gulf". Gulf News. Archived from the original on February 12, 2006. Retrieved November 11, 2006.
232.Jump up ^ "Jermaine Jackson reveals escape plan for Michael". Associated Press. September 10, 2011. Retrieved September 24, 2011.
233.Jump up ^ McNamara, Melissa (March 17, 2006). "Jackson Closes Neverland House". CBS News. Retrieved March 16, 2013.
234.Jump up ^ Ackman, Dan (June 14, 2005). "Really Odd Facts About Michael Jackson". Forbes. Retrieved October 7, 2009.
235.Jump up ^ "Jackson strikes deal over loans". BBC News. April 14, 2006. Retrieved April 25, 2010.
236.Jump up ^ "Michael Jackson Sails With Two Seas". Billboard. Retrieved March 16, 2013.
237.^ Jump up to: a b "Jackson parts with Bahrain label". BBC News. September 26, 2006. Retrieved April 25, 2010.
238.Jump up ^ Friedman, Roger (October 21, 2006). "Who's Funding Jackson's Retreat to Irish Recording Studio?". Fox News Channel. Retrieved September 2, 2009.
239.Jump up ^ "2006 World Music Awards". Chiff. Archived from the original on February 4, 2008. Retrieved February 13, 2008.
240.Jump up ^ Reid, Shaheem (December 30, 2006). "James Brown Saluted By Michael Jackson at Public Funeral Service". MTV. Retrieved March 16, 2013.
241.Jump up ^ "Michael Jackson buys rights to Eminem tunes and more,". Rolling Stone. May 31, 2007.
242.Jump up ^ Wardrop, Murray (June 27, 2009). "Michael Jackson: the unreleased album". The Daily Telegraph (London). Retrieved March 19, 2010.
243.Jump up ^ "Interview With RedOne". HitQuarters. March 23, 2009. Retrieved March 19, 2010.
244.Jump up ^ Talmadge, Eric (March 8, 2007). "Michael Jackson 'wouldn't change' career". USA Today. Associated Press. Retrieved March 16, 2013.
245.Jump up ^ Halaby, Valerie. "Michael Jackson was long-time U.S. Military supporter". Clarity Digital Group LLC. Retrieved August 7, 2013.
246.Jump up ^ "Will.i.am On Working With Michael Jackson". Rolling Stone. September 24, 2007.
247.^ Jump up to: a b "Zona Musical" (in Spanish). zm.nu. Retrieved April 5, 2008.[dead link]
248.Jump up ^ "Thriller the best selling album of all time". digitalproducer. February 20, 2008. Retrieved April 6, 2008.[dead link]
249.Jump up ^ "Michael Jackson Thriller 25". ultratop.be. Retrieved April 6, 2008.
250.Jump up ^ Friedman, Roger (May 16, 2008). "Jacko: Neverland East in Upstate New York". Fox News Channel. Retrieved May 22, 2008.
251.Jump up ^ "Choose The Tracks On Michael Jackson's 50th Birthday Album!". Sony BMG. June 20, 2008. Archived from the original on June 30, 2009. Retrieved June 20, 2008.
252.Jump up ^ "Michael Jackson—King of Pop". acharts.us. Retrieved September 11, 2008.
253.Jump up ^ "King of Pop". ultratop.be. Retrieved September 5, 2008.
254.Jump up ^ "Neverland peters out for pop's Peter Pan". The Sydney Morning Herald. November 13, 2008. Retrieved November 20, 2008.
255.Jump up ^ "Jacko gives up Neverland ranch deed". Press Association. (November 16, 2008).
256.Jump up ^ Adams, Susan (April 14, 2009). "Ten Most Expensive Michael Jackson Collectibles". Forbes. Retrieved April 14, 2009.
257.Jump up ^ "Michael Jackson Exhibition – 2009". Juliensauctions.com. April 25, 2009. Retrieved September 2, 2009.
258.Jump up ^ "Michael Jackson: The fantastic possessions revealed – Americas, World". The Independent (London). June 26, 2009. Retrieved September 2, 2009.
259.Jump up ^ Foster, Patrick (March 6, 2009). "Michael Jackson grand finale curtain-raiser". The Times (London). Archived from the original on March 6, 2009. Retrieved March 24, 2009.
260.Jump up ^ Kreps, Daniel (March 12, 2009). "Michael Jackson's "This Is It!" Tour Balloons to 50-Show Run Stretching Into 2010". Rolling Stone.
261.Jump up ^ "Michael Jackson: The Last Rehearsal". Life. June 29, 2009. Archived from the original on July 4, 2009. Retrieved August 28, 2009.
262.Jump up ^ "Michael Jackson dead at 50 after cardiac arrest". CNN. June 25, 2009. Retrieved August 31, 2009.
263.Jump up ^ "Christian Audigier Michael Jackson Clothing Collection Confirmed". Popcrunch.com. June 24, 2008. Retrieved January 4, 2011.
264.Jump up ^ "Michael Jackson Christian Audigier Clothing Line Was in the Works". Popcrunch.com. July 2, 2009. Retrieved January 4, 2011.
265.Jump up ^ Eng, Joyce (August 10, 2009). "Judge Approves Michael Jackson Film". TV Guide. Retrieved August 10, 2009.
266.Jump up ^ "This is It (2009)". Box Office Mojo. Retrieved January 16, 2010.
267.Jump up ^ "Judge OKs Jackson performance film deal". MSNBC. Associated Press. August 10, 2009. Retrieved March 3, 2010.
268.Jump up ^ Herrera, Monica (September 23, 2009). "New Michael Jackson Song, Album Due In October". Billboard. Retrieved March 3, 2010.
269.Jump up ^ "Taylor Swift, Michael Jackson dominate American Music Awards nominations (Updated)". Los Angeles Times. October 13, 2009. Retrieved October 14, 2009.
270.Jump up ^ "2009 American Music Awards: Scorecard". Los Angeles Times. November 22, 2009. Retrieved November 23, 2009.
271.^ Jump up to: a b Harvey, Michael (June 26, 2009). "Fans mourn artist for whom it didn't matter if you were black or white". The Times (London). Archived from the original on June 26, 2009. Retrieved June 26, 2009.
272.Jump up ^ "Los Angeles Fire Department recording of the emergency phone call made from Michael Jackson's home". BBC. June 26, 2009. Retrieved June 27, 2009.
273.Jump up ^ "Transcript of 911 call". Yahoo! News. June 26, 2009.
274.Jump up ^ "Singer Michael Jackson dead at 50-Legendary pop star had been preparing for London comeback tour". MSNBC. June 25, 2009. Retrieved June 25, 2009.
275.Jump up ^ Moore, Matthew (June 26, 2009). "Michael Jackson, King of Pop, dies of cardiac arrest in Los Angeles". The Daily Telegraph (London). Retrieved June 27, 2009.
276.Jump up ^ Tourtellotte, Bob (June 25, 2009). "King of Pop Michael Jackson is dead: official". Reuters. Retrieved June 25, 2009.
277.Jump up ^ Rawlinson, Linnie; Hunt, Nick (June 27, 2009). "Jackson dies, almost takes Internet with him". CNN. Retrieved March 16, 2013.
278.Jump up ^ Shiels, Maggie. Web slows after Jackson's death, BBC News, June 26, 2009.
279.Jump up ^ Phoebe. "The King of Pop vs. Wikipedia", The Wikipedia Signpost, June 29, 2009; see October 2009 stats
280.Jump up ^ Wood, Daniel B (June 27, 2009). "Outpouring over Michael Jackson unlike anything since Princess Di". The Christian Science Monitor. Retrieved March 16, 2013.
281.^ Jump up to: a b Skok, David (June 26, 2009). "Internet stretched to limit as fans flock for Michael Jackson news". The Vancouver Sun. Archived from the original on July 3, 2009.
282.^ Jump up to: a b Wortham, Jenna (June 25, 2009). "Michael Jackson Tops the Charts on Twitter". The New York Times. Retrieved March 16, 2013.
283.Jump up ^ Krazit, Tim; McCullagh, Declan (June 26, 2009). "Debate: Can the Internet handle big breaking news?". CNET. Retrieved March 16, 2013.
284.Jump up ^ Stelter, Brian (June 26, 2009). "MTV's Jackson Marathon". The New York Times. Retrieved March 16, 2013.
285.Jump up ^ "Jacko news spreads to Eastenders". Metro. June 26, 2009.
286.Jump up ^ "Over 1.6M apply for Jackson memorial tickets". TODAY.com. Associated Press. July 4, 2009. Retrieved March 16, 2013.
287.Jump up ^ "Michael Jackson memorial draws crowds online". CNN. July 8, 2009. Retrieved June 11, 2012.
288.Jump up ^ "Michael Jackson Memorial Earns 31 Million Viewers & More TV News". Aoltv.com. July 9, 2009. Retrieved June 11, 2012.
289.Jump up ^ Allen, Nick (July 7, 2009). "Michael Jackson memorial service: the biggest celebrity send-off of all time". The Daily Telegraph (London). Retrieved March 16, 2013.
290.Jump up ^ Potter, Andrew (July 7, 2009). "There was nothing strange about your daddy". Maclean's. Retrieved March 16, 2013.
291.Jump up ^ Branigan, Tania (September 8, 2001). "Jackson spends £20m to be Invincible". The Guardian (London). Retrieved July 23, 2008.
292.Jump up ^ "Top Moments: Michael Jackson Memorial". TV Guide. July 7, 2009. Retrieved March 17, 2013.
293.Jump up ^ "Rev Lucious Smith on conducting the memorial service for Michael Jackson". Radio Live. June 28, 2010. Retrieved March 16, 2013.
294.Jump up ^ Burgess, Kaya (August 24, 2009). "LA coroner to treat Michael Jackson's death as a homicide". The Times (London). Retrieved August 24, 2009.
295.Jump up ^ "Jackson 'had lethal drug levels'". BBC News. August 25, 2009. Retrieved August 25, 2009.
296.Jump up ^ Doheny, Kathleen; Chang, Louise; Vila Jr, Hector (August 24, 2009). "Propofol Linked to Michael Jackson's Death". WebMD. Retrieved August 25, 2009.
297.Jump up ^ "Michael Jackson's doctor charged with manslaughter". BBC News. February 9, 2010. Retrieved February 8, 2010.
298.Jump up ^ Coleman, Mark (September 4, 2009). "Michael Jackson finally laid to rest in Los Angeles". The Daily Telegraph (London). Retrieved September 8, 2009.
299.Jump up ^ Wells, Jason (June 25, 2010). "One year later: Fans gather to pay tribute to Michael Jackson". Glendale News-Press (Los Angeles). Retrieved June 25, 2010.
300.Jump up ^ EFE (June 26, 2010). "Familia y fans de Jackson le recuerdan en el aniversario de su muerte". La Vanguardia (Los Angeles). Retrieved June 26, 2010.
301.Jump up ^ "Michael Jackson's kids play in the sea in Hawaii as fans mourn his death one year on". Daily Mirror. June 26, 2010. Retrieved September 26, 2013.
302.Jump up ^ Baichwal, Ravi (June 25, 2010). "Fans honor Michael Jackson in Gary, Indiana". Gary, Ind.: WLS. Retrieved June 25, 2010.
303.Jump up ^ Mccartney, Anthony (June 23, 2010). "A year after Michael Jackson's death, fan base remains committed to keeping memory alive". Los Angeles. Associated Press. Retrieved June 23, 2010.
304.Jump up ^ Romero, Dennis (June 4, 2010). "MJ fans plan to march in downtown L.A. one day after anniversary". LAWeekly (Los Angeles). Retrieved June 5, 2010.[dead link]
305.Jump up ^ Gimenez-Llort, Lydia (June 26, 2010). "M4mj 'forever Michael' 4 For Fans Use Only! from WN". WN (Los Angeles). Retrieved July 20, 2010.
306.Jump up ^ "An amazing tribute: The Jackson Family Foundation & VoicePlate Productions presents "Forever Michael."". Michael Jackson Official site (Los Angeles). June 26, 2010. Retrieved June 6, 2010.[dead link]
307.Jump up ^ "Aniversario de muerte de Michael Jackson pasará sin grandes homenajes". EFE (Los Angeles). June 26, 2010. Retrieved March 16, 2013.
308.Jump up ^ Caulfield, Keith (January 6, 2010). "Taylor Swift Edges Susan Boyle for 2009's Top-Selling Album". Billboard. Retrieved January 7, 2010.
309.Jump up ^ "Jackson sells 35 million albums since death – Entertainment – Access Hollywood". MSNBC. June 25, 2010. Retrieved June 30, 2010.
310.Jump up ^ Van, Eliot (July 1, 2009). "Michael Jackson First Artist to Sell Over 1 Million Downloads in a Single Week". Wired. Retrieved June 11, 2012.
311.Jump up ^ Caulfield, Keith (September 14, 2009). "Taylor Swift Edges Susan Boyle For 2009's Top-Selling Album". Billboard. Retrieved June 11, 2012.
312.^ Jump up to: a b Smith, Ethan (March 16, 2010). "Sony Places Big Bet on a Fallen 'King'". The Wall Street Journal. Retrieved March 17, 2010.
313.Jump up ^ Kreps, Daniel (March 16, 2010). "Michael Jackson Estate, Sony Strike Massive 250 Million Deal to Release King of Pop's Music". Rolling Stone. Retrieved November 9, 2011.
314.Jump up ^ "MICHAEL Album Announcement". Breakingnews.michaeljackson.com. Retrieved November 4, 2010.
315.Jump up ^ "Michael Jackson in 'record' $200m music deal". BBC News. March 16, 2009. Retrieved March 17, 2010.
316.Jump up ^ "Michael Jackson Fans Will Moonwalk In Motion-Sensing Game". Billboard. Associated Press. September 14, 2009. Retrieved March 16, 2013.
317.Jump up ^ Hicks, Tony. "People: Cirque du Soleil mounting Michael Jackson tour". San Jose Mercury News. Retrieved November 7, 2010.
318.Jump up ^ "Cirque plans $57M touring Jackson show". CBC News. November 3, 2010. Retrieved March 16, 2013.
319.Jump up ^ "Where to see Cirque du Soleil's Michael Jackson tour". The Independent (London). November 5, 2010. Retrieved November 7, 2010.
320.Jump up ^ "Michael Jackson 'Immortal' tour opens advance ticket sales". The Independent (London). November 4, 2010. Retrieved November 7, 2010.
321.Jump up ^ "IMMORTAL, the highly anticipated musical tapestry for Cirque du Soleil’s Michael Jackson THE IMMORTAL World Tour". Sony Music Entertainment. Retrieved October 4, 2011.[dead link]
322.Jump up ^ Jones, Chris (July 13, 2013). "Review: 'Michael Jackson ONE' by Cirque du Soleil". Chicago Tribune. Retrieved September 27, 2013.
323.Jump up ^ Lane, Richard (July 3, 2013). "Michael Jackson ONE Becomes The One Show You Must See In Vegas". VegasChatter. Retrieved September 27, 2013.
324.Jump up ^ "Michael Jackson's New Vegas Show 'One' Will Double The Fun". Forbes. February 22, 2013. Retrieved September 27, 2013.
325.Jump up ^ Yancey, Kitty (February 21, 2013). "Cirque tells more about new Michael Jackson Vegas show". USA Today. Retrieved March 19, 2013.
326.Jump up ^ "Freddie Mercury – Collaborations: Michael Jackson". Ultimatequeen.co.uk. Retrieved September 27, 2014.
327.Jump up ^ Michael Jackson: the king of pop. Books.google.com. Retrieved September 27, 2014.
328.Jump up ^ "There Must Be More To Life Than This". Ultimatequeen.co.uk. Retrieved September 27, 2014.
329.Jump up ^ "Queen set to release Freddie Mercury and Michael Jackson duets in 2012". NME.COM. November 11, 2011. Retrieved September 27, 2014.
330.Jump up ^ Coulehan, Erin (July 29, 2013). "Michael Jackson Duets With Freddie Mercury Set for Release". Rolling Stone Magazine. Retrieved August 29, 2013.
331.Jump up ^ "English Premier League: Fans can 'go to hell', says Fulham owner Mohamed Al Fayed". BBC News. April 3, 2011. Retrieved July 6, 2012.
332.Jump up ^ Ronay, Barney (April 1, 2011). "Fulham fans cry foul over 'bizarre' Michael Jackson statue". The Guardian (London). Retrieved April 20, 2011.
333.Jump up ^ "Michael Jackson Fulham FC statue defended by Al Fayed". BBC. April 3, 2011. Retrieved April 20, 2011.
334.Jump up ^ Rice, Simon (September 25, 2013). "Michael Jackson is HIStory: Controversial statue removed from Fulham stadium Craven Cottage". The Independent (London). Retrieved September 26, 2013.
335.Jump up ^ "Jermaine calls for an end to Jackson family feud". BBC News. August 2, 2012. Retrieved October 3, 2012.
336.Jump up ^ "Michael Jackson nephew made co-guardian of children". BBC News. August 23, 2012. Retrieved October 3, 2012.
337.Jump up ^ Pow, Helen (May 16, 2013). "Wade Robson: Michael Jackson 'molested me for SEVEN years and said I'd go to jail for the rest of my life if I told anyone'". Daily Mail (London). Retrieved January 16, 2014.
338.Jump up ^ Broder, John (May 6, 2005). "2 Witnesses Say They Shared Jackson's Bed and Were Never Molested". The New York Times. Retrieved January 16, 2014.
339.Jump up ^ "Michael Jackson Estate Calls Wade Robson's Molestation Claims 'Pathetic'". MTV News. May 8, 2013. Retrieved January 16, 2014.
340.Jump up ^ Heger, Jen (October 10, 2013). "D-Day For Michael Jackson Molestation Accuser: Trial Scheduled To Determine If Wade Robson Can Sue Estate". Radar Online. Retrieved January 16, 2014.
341.Jump up ^ Gottlieb, Jeff (February 7, 2014). "Michael Jackson estate embroiled in tax fight with IRS". Los Angeles Times. Retrieved February 10, 2014.
342.Jump up ^ "New Michael Jackson album to be released in May". March 31, 2014. Retrieved April 2, 2014.
343.Jump up ^ "New Michael Jackson Album 'Xscape' to Be Released in May". Billboard. March 31, 2014. Retrieved February 4, 2014.
344.Jump up ^ Dimond, Diane. "Exclusive: Michael Jackson Hit With New Sex Abuse Claim". The Daily Beast. Retrieved May 13, 2014.
345.Jump up ^ "Michael Jackson Hologram Rocks Billboard Music Awards: Go Behind the Scenes". Billboard. May 18, 2014. Retrieved June 18, 2014.
346.^ Jump up to: a b Tucker, Ken (June 5, 1988). "SUMMER READING; FIRING YOUR FATHER ISN'T EASY". The New York Times. p. 2. Archived from the original on July 26, 2012. Retrieved July 26, 2012.
347.Jump up ^ "Why People Still Dance Like Gene Kelly". Slate. Retrieved October 5, 2012.
348.Jump up ^ "100 Greatest Singers: David Ruffin". Rolling Stone. 2008. Retrieved March 16, 2013.
349.Jump up ^ Jones, Jel D. Lewis (2005). Michael Jackson, the king of pop: the big picture : the music! the man! the legend! the interviews : an anthology. Amber Books Publishing. ISBN 978-0-9749779-0-4.
350.Jump up ^ "David Winters remembers Michael Jackson " Magick Papers & Nightlife Thailand". Magickpapers.com. Retrieved May 16, 2011.
351.Jump up ^ "Thank you BigBearJohn: here's also David Winters". Democratic Underground. Retrieved May 16, 2011.
352.Jump up ^ "Remembering Michael Jackson, On Screen". indieWIRE. Retrieved May 16, 2011.
353.Jump up ^ "Michael Jackson saved my life". Scarborough Evening News. Retrieved June 28, 2009.
354.Jump up ^ "James Brown – Jackson Attends Brown's Public Funeral". Contactmusic.com. January 2, 2007. Retrieved September 2, 2009.[dead link]
355.Jump up ^ Taraborrelli, p. 60
356.Jump up ^ Taraborrelli, p. 64
357.Jump up ^ Taraborrelli, pp. 209–210
358.^ Jump up to: a b Heyliger, M. "Thriller by Michael Jackson". Consumerhelpweb.com. Archived from the original on December 4, 2008. Retrieved March 12, 2011. "Not many artists could pull off such a variety of styles (funk, post-disco, rock, easy listening, ballads) back then...."
359.^ Jump up to: a b c Erlewine, Stephen Thomas. "Thriller Overview". AllMusic. Retrieved June 15, 2008.
360.Jump up ^ Henderson, Eric (2003). "Michael Jackson:Thriller". Slant Magazine. Retrieved June 15, 2008.
361.^ Jump up to: a b c d Connelly, Christopher (January 28, 1983). "Michael Jackson: Thriller". Rolling Stone.
362.^ Jump up to: a b George, p.24
363.Jump up ^ "Michael Jackson Dangerous Review". Sony Music Entertainment. 2001. Archived from the original on December 4, 2005. Retrieved August 27, 2008.
364.Jump up ^ Ramage, John D.; Bean, John C.; Johnson, June (2001). Writing arguments: a rhetoric with readings. Allyn and Bacon. p. 491. ISBN 0-205-31745-6. "'Black or White', described by the record company as 'a rock 'n' roll dance song about racial harmony'"
365.Jump up ^ Pareles, Jon (September 3, 1987). "How good is Jackson's Bad?". The New York Times. Retrieved July 23, 2008.
366.^ Jump up to: a b Erlewine, Stephen Thomas. "Dangerous Overview". AllMusic. Retrieved June 15, 2008.
367.^ Jump up to: a b c d e f g Pareles, Jon (November 24, 1991). "Michael Jackson in the Electronic Wilderness". The New York Times. Retrieved July 23, 2008.
368.Jump up ^ Harrington, Richard (November 24, 1991). "Jackson's 'Dangerous' Departures; Stylistic Shifts Mar His First Album in 4 Years". The Washington Post.
369.^ Jump up to: a b Erlewine, Stephen Thomas. "Michael Jackson HIStory Overview". AllMusic. Retrieved June 15, 2008.
370.^ Jump up to: a b Hunter, James (August 10, 1995). "Michael Jackson HIStory". Rolling Stone.
371.Jump up ^ "Thomas W. (Tom) Sneddon, Jr". ndaa.org. Archived from the original on January 2, 2008. Retrieved July 12, 2008.
372.Jump up ^ Erlewine, Stephen Thomas. "Michael Jackson:Invincible". AllMusic. Retrieved September 9, 2007.
373.Jump up ^ Beaumont, Mark (November 30, 2001). "Michael Jackson: Invincible". NME. Retrieved July 23, 2008.
374.Jump up ^ Brackett, pp. 414
375.Jump up ^ The Complete Guide to the Music of Michael Jackson & The Jackson Family by Geoff Brown. 164 pages, Omnibus Press
376.Jump up ^ Erlewine, Stephen Thomas. "Off the Wall Overview". AllMusic. Retrieved June 15, 2008.
377.Jump up ^ Holden, Stephen (November 1, 1979). "Off the Wall: Michael Jackson". Rolling Stone.
378.Jump up ^ Lewarne, Rory (July 26, 2004). "Pink Grease". Music News. Retrieved August 10, 2008.
379.Jump up ^ Hunter, James (December 6, 2001). "Michael Jackson: Invincible". Rolling Stone.
380.Jump up ^ Isabelle Stegner-Petitjean, "“The Voice in the Mirror”. Michael Jackson: from a vocal identity to its double in sound", Volume!, n° 8–2, Nantes: Éditions Mélanie Seteun, pp. 222–253.
381.Jump up ^ Chery, Carl: XXL: Michael Jackson Special Collecters Edition, page 95. American Press.
382.Jump up ^ "Michael Jackson, "Billie Jean," directed by Steve Barron, produced by Simon Fields & Paul Flattery,". Blender. October 2005.
383.^ Jump up to: a b Gundersen, Edna (August 25, 2005). "Music videos changing places". USA Today. Retrieved July 23, 2008.
384.Jump up ^ "Why it took MTV so long to play black music videos". Jet. October 9, 2006. Retrieved September 2, 2009.
385.Jump up ^ Robinson, Bryan (February 23, 2005). "Why Are Michael Jackson's Fans So Devoted?". ABC News. Retrieved April 6, 2007.
386.Jump up ^ Inglis, Ian (2006). Performance and popular music: history, place and time. Ashgate Publishing. pp. 119, 127. ISBN 978-0-7546-4057-8.
387.Jump up ^ Jackson, Michael. Thriller Special Edition Audio.
388.Jump up ^ "Philippine jailhouse rocks to Thriller". BBC. July 27, 2007. Retrieved April 11, 2009.
389.Jump up ^ Corliss, Richard (September 6, 1993). "Who's Bad?". Time. Retrieved April 23, 2008.
390.Jump up ^ US Michael J. Jackson, Michael L. Bush, Dennis Tompkins: "Method and means for creating anti-gravity illusion", filed June 29, 1992, issued October 26, 1993 5255452
391.Jump up ^ Campbell, Lisa D. Michael Jackson: The King of Pop, p. 273.
392.Jump up ^ Michael Jackson Dangerous on Film VHS/DVD
393.Jump up ^ Campbell (1993), p. 303
394.Jump up ^ Campbell (1993), pp. 313–314
395.Jump up ^ Boepple, Leanne (November 1, 1995). Scream: Space Odyssey, Jackson-Style.(video production; Michael and Janet Jackson video) 29. Theatre Crafts International. p. 52. ISSN 1063-9497.
396.Jump up ^ Bark, Ed (June 26, 1995). "Michael Jackson Interview Raises Questions, Answers". St. Louis Post-Dispatch. p. 06E.
397.Jump up ^ Guinness World Records 2006
398.Jump up ^ Michael Jackson HIStory on Film volume II VHS/DVD
399.Jump up ^ Lewis, pp. 125–126
400.Jump up ^ Guinness World Records 2004
401.Jump up ^ Utley, Tom (March 8, 2003). "Of course Jackson's odd—but his genius is what matters". The Daily Telegraph (London). Retrieved July 23, 2008.
402.Jump up ^ "Michael Jackson". Search.bet.com. Retrieved June 11, 2012.
403.Jump up ^ Monroe, Bryan (December 2007). "Michael Jackson in His Own Words". Ebony.
404.Jump up ^ Barnes, Brokes (June 25, 2009). "A Star Idolized and Haunted, Michael Jackson Dies at 50". The New York Times. Retrieved July 12, 2009.
405.Jump up ^ "More adds, loose ends, and lament". The 120 Minutes Archive. July 25, 2009. Retrieved February 15, 2014.
406.Jump up ^ "Farewell to a King". People. July 20, 2009.
407.Jump up ^ "Berry Gordy-Brings Mourners To Their Feet With Jackson Tribute". Contact Music. July 7, 2009. Retrieved November 26, 2009.
408.Jump up ^ "Michael Jackson hailed as greatest entertainer, best dad". Reuters UK. July 8, 2009. Retrieved November 26, 2009.
409.^ Jump up to: a b Chandler, Cory. "Librarians Prove Michael Jackson Was a Rock Star in Academic Literature". Texas Tech University. Retrieved June 6, 2010.
410.Jump up ^ Hidalgo, Susan and Weiner, Robert G. (2010). "Wanna Be Startin' Somethin': MJ in the Scholarly Literature: A Selected Bibliographic Guide" (PDF). The Journal of Pan African Studies 3 (7): 14–28.
411.Jump up ^ Hidalgo and Weiner (2010), p. 25.
412.Jump up ^ "Michael Jackson and Halle Berry Pick Up Bambi Awards in Berlin". Hello!. November 22, 2002. Retrieved July 23, 2008.
413.Jump up ^ "Photos: Michael Jackson induction ceremony". NewsTimes. August 15, 2010. Retrieved September 10, 2010.
414.Jump up ^ "R&B Music Hall of Fame sets big weekend to induct sophomore class featuring Michael Jackson, Whitney Houston, Marvin Gaye, Norm N. Nite and more". The Plain Dealer. August 19, 2014. Retrieved September 10, 2014.
415.Jump up ^ "Michael Jackson Named Most Successful Entertainer Of All Time". CityNews. November 15, 2006. Retrieved March 19, 2010.
416.Jump up ^ "Hot 100 Anniversary: Most No. 1s By Artist". Billboard. Retrieved March 16, 2013.
417.Jump up ^ Rothman, Michael (August 29, 2013). "Happy 55th Birthday Michael Jackson - His Top 10 Moments". ABC News. American Broadcasting Company. Retrieved September 11, 2013.
418.Jump up ^ Desk, Entertainment (June 25, 2013). "Michael Jackson's death anniversary observed worldwide". Dhaka Tribune. Retrieved September 11, 2013.
419.Jump up ^ Collett-White, Mike (March 11, 2009). "Michael Jackson to add concerts after sellout". Reuters. Retrieved November 10, 2010.
420.Jump up ^ "GRAMMY Legend Award". National Academy of Recording Arts and Sciences. Retrieved September 5, 2011.
421.Jump up ^ "Lifetime Achievement Award". National Academy of Recording Arts and Sciences. Retrieved September 5, 2011.
422.Jump up ^ "List of American Music Awards winners". Sun Journal. January 18, 2000. Retrieved June 16, 2010.
423.Jump up ^ "Santana wins top album honors at American Music Awards". Times Daily. January 18, 2000. Retrieved June 16, 2010.
424.Jump up ^ Serjeant, Jill (December 29, 2009). "Michael Jackson's Death Among 2009's Major Moments". ABC News.
425.Jump up ^ "Michael Jackson Achievements". Michael Jackson. Retrieved January 4, 2011.[dead link]
426.Jump up ^ "Pop Star Michael Jackson Influenced Academics, Received PhD". Discovery.com. June 23, 2010. Retrieved January 4, 2011.
427.Jump up ^ "Stress killed MJ, says ex-publicist". The Times of India. June 27, 2009. Retrieved March 16, 2013.[dead link]
428.Jump up ^ O'Brien, Timothy L (May 14, 2006). "What Happened to the Fortune Michael Jackson Made?". The New York Times. p. 1. Retrieved March 16, 2013.
429.Jump up ^ Deutsch, Linda (March 4, 2005). "Forensic accountant tells court Jackson is in financial straits". U-T San Diego. Retrieved March 16, 2013.
430.Jump up ^ Pulley, Brett (November 21, 2003). "Michael Jackson's Ups And Downs". Forbes. Retrieved March 16, 2013.
431.Jump up ^ "Family: Michael Jackson Had A Will". CBS News. June 30, 2009. Retrieved March 16, 2013.
432.Jump up ^ Jeff Gottlieb, "Michael Jackson estate embroiled in tax fight with IRS," Los Angeles Times, February 7, 2014, at [1].
433.Jump up ^ Estate of Michael J. Jackson v. Commissioner, case no. 017152-13, U.S. Tax Court.
434.Jump up ^ Bain, Raymone. "Michael To Give Away 200 FREE Tickets To Fans, And Discounted Rates". Kingofpop.info. Archived from the original (WEBSITE FROM FANCLUB OF MICHAEL JACKSON) on 2006. Retrieved January 17, 2013.
435.Jump up ^ Bain, Raymone (October 31, 2006). "Statement from Raymone Bain to all fans and fanclubs". Mjtmc.com. Archived from the original (WEBSITE FROM FANCLUB OF MICHAEL JACKSON) on February 26, 2012. Retrieved January 10, 2013.
436.Jump up ^ Lara, David (May 12, 2012). "Michael Jackson's 'Bad' Gets a Revamp and More Inflated Sales!". Impre (ImpreMedia). Retrieved January 17, 2013.
437.Jump up ^ Bialik, Carl (July 15, 2009). "Spun: The Off-the-Wall Accounting of Record Sales". The Wall Street Journal. Retrieved January 17, 2013.
Sources
Brackett, Nathan; Hoard, Christian (2004). The Rolling Stone Album Guide. Fireside. ISBN 0-7432-0169-8.
Campbell, Lisa (1993). Michael Jackson: The King of Pop. Branden. ISBN 0-8283-1957-X.
Campbell, Lisa (1995). Michael Jackson: The King of Pop's Darkest Hour. Branden. ISBN 0-8283-2003-9.
Dineen, Catherine (1993). Michael Jackson: In His Own Words. Omnibus Press. ISBN 0-7119-3216-6.
George, Nelson (2004). Michael Jackson: The Ultimate Collection booklet. Sony BMG.
Giambusso, David (June 25, 2009). "Michael Jackson memorabilia owner recalls turbulent past with musical family". The Star-Ledger (New Jersey).
Grant, Adrian (2005). Michael Jackson: The Visual Documentary. Omnibus Press. ISBN 1-84449-432-2.
Guinness World Records (2003). Guinness World Records 2004. Guinness. ISBN 1-892051-20-6.
Guinness World Records (2005). Guinness World Records 2006. Guinness. ISBN 1-904994-02-4.
Jackson, Michael (2009) [First published 1988]. Moonwalk. Random House. ISBN 978-0-307-71698-9.
Jackson, Michael (2006). My World, The Official Photobook, Vol. 1. Triumph International. ISBN 0-9768891-1-0.
Jones, Bob (2005). Michael Jackson: The Man Behind the Mask. Select Books Inc. ISBN 1-59079-072-3.
Jefferson, Margo (2007). On Michael Jackson. Vintage Books. ISBN 978-0-307-27765-7.
Lewis Jones, Jel D. (2005). Michael Jackson, the King of Pop: The Big Picture: the Music! the Man! the Legend! the Interviews: an Anthology. Amber Books Publishing. p. 3. ISBN 978-0-9749779-0-4.
Noonan, Damien (1994). Michael Jackson (Audio book). Carlton Books. ISBN 1-85797-587-1.
Ramage, John D.; Bean, John C.; Johnson, June (2001). Writing arguments: a rhetoric with readings. Allyn and Bacon. ISBN 0-205-31745-6.
Stegner-Petitjean, Isabelle (2011). ""The Voice in the Mirror". Michael Jackson: from a vocal identity to its double in sound". Volume! / Éditions Mélanie Seteun.
Taraborrelli, J. Randy (2009). Michael Jackson: The Magic, The Madness, The Whole Story, 1958–2009. Terra Alta, WV: Grand Central Publishing, 2009. ISBN 0-446-56474-5.
External links

Find more about
Michael Jackson
 at Wikipedia's sister projects

Search Commons Media from Commons
Search Wikinews News stories from Wikinews
Search Wikiquote Quotations from Wikiquote
Official website
Michael Jackson at the Internet Movie Database
Michael Jackson at MTV
FBI file on Michael Jackson


[show] 
Articles related to Michael Jackson











































































































































































































































Wikipedia book
Category
Portal
WikiProject



















































































































































































































Wikipedia book
Category
Portal
WikiProject












































































































Wikipedia book
Category
Portal


















































Portal






























































































Authority control
WorldCat ·
 VIAF: 27092134 ·
 LCCN: n83133203 ·
 ISNI: 0000 0001 1023 081X ·
 GND: 118711083 ·
 BNF: cb12088047p (data) ·
 BIBSYS: x90702688 ·
 MusicBrainz: f27ec8db-af05-4f36-916e-3d57f91ecf5e ·
 NDL: 00468849 ·
 NKC: jn20000603166
 




 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  


Categories: Michael Jackson
1958 births
2009 deaths
20th-century American male actors
20th-century American businesspeople
20th-century American singers
20th-century American writers
21st-century American male actors
21st-century American businesspeople
21st-century American singers
21st-century American writers
African-American businesspeople
African-American choreographers
African-American film producers
African-American male actors
African-American male dancers
African-American male singers
African-American record producers
African-American rock singers
African-American songwriters
American autobiographers
American beatboxers
American boogie musicians
American chief executives
American dance musicians
American disco musicians
American expatriates in Ireland
American funk singers
American humanitarians
American male dancers
American male film actors
American male pop singers
American male singers
American manslaughter victims
American multi-instrumentalists
American music industry executives
American philanthropists
American record producers
American rhythm and blues singers
American singer-songwriters
American soul singers
American tenors
Boy sopranos
Brit Award winners
Burials at Forest Lawn Memorial Park (Glendale)
Businesspeople from California
Child pop musicians
Drug-related deaths in California
Epic Records artists
Film producers from California
Former Jehovah's Witnesses
Grammy Award winners
Grammy Legend Award
Grammy Lifetime Achievement Award winners
History of Gary, Indiana
Jackson musical family
Male actors from California
Male actors from Indiana
Motown artists
National Museum of Dance Hall of Fame inductees
People acquitted of sex crimes
Musicians from Gary, Indiana
People from Santa Barbara County, California
People with lupus
Rock and Roll Hall of Fame inductees
Shoe designers
Singers from California
Songwriters from California
Songwriters from Indiana
Songwriters Hall of Fame inductees
The Jackson 5 members
World Music Awards winners
Writers from Gary, Indiana
























Navigation menu



Create account
Log in



Article

Talk









Read

View source

View history

















Main page
Contents
Featured content
Current events
Random article
Donate to Wikipedia
Wikipedia store

Interaction
Help
About Wikipedia
Community portal
Recent changes
Contact page

Tools
What links here
Related changes
Upload file
Special pages
Permanent link
Page information
Wikidata item
Cite this page

Print/export
Create a book
Download as PDF
Printable version

Languages
Acèh
Afrikaans
Alemannisch
አማርኛ
Ænglisc
العربية
Aragonés
Armãneashti
Asturianu
Azərbaycanca
বাংলা
Bân-lâm-gú
Беларуская
Беларуская (тарашкевіца)‎
Bikol Central
Bislama
Български
Boarisch
བོད་ཡིག
Bosanski
Brezhoneg
Català
Cebuano
Čeština
Chavacano de Zamboanga
Corsu
Cymraeg
Dansk
Deutsch
Dolnoserbski
Eesti
Ελληνικά
Emiliàn e rumagnòl
Español
Esperanto
Estremeñu
Euskara
فارسی
Føroyskt
Français
Frysk
Gaeilge
Gaelg
Galego
贛語
گیلکی
ગુજરાતી
客家語/Hak-kâ-ngî
한국어
Հայերեն
हिन्दी
Hornjoserbsce
Hrvatski
Ido
Igbo
Ilokano
Bahasa Indonesia
Interlingua
Interlingue
IsiXhosa
IsiZulu
Íslenska
Italiano
עברית
Basa Jawa
ಕನ್ನಡ
Kapampangan
ქართული
Қазақша
Kernowek
Kinyarwanda
Kiswahili
Коми
Kreyòl ayisyen
Kurdî
Ladino
ລາວ
Latina
Latviešu
Lëtzebuergesch
Lietuvių
Limburgs
Lingála
Lumbaart
Magyar
Македонски
Malagasy
മലയാളം
Malti
मराठी
მარგალური
مصرى
مازِرونی
Bahasa Melayu
Baso Minangkabau
Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄
Монгол
မြန်မာဘာသာ
Nāhuatl
Dorerin Naoero
Nederlands
Nedersaksies
नेपाली
नेपाल भाषा
日本語
Napulitano
Nordfriisk
Norsk bokmål
Norsk nynorsk
Occitan
Олык марий
Oʻzbekcha/ўзбекча
ਪੰਜਾਬੀ
پنجابی
Papiamentu
پښتو
Picard
Piemontèis
Tok Pisin
Plattdüütsch
Polski
Português
Qaraqalpaqsha
Ripoarisch
Română
Runa Simi
Русский
Саха тыла
Sámegiella
Gagana Samoa
Scots
Sesotho sa Leboa
Shqip
Sicilianu
සිංහල
Simple English
Slovenčina
Slovenščina
Ślůnski
Soomaaliga
کوردیی ناوەندی
Српски / srpski
Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски
Basa Sunda
Suomi
Svenska
Tagalog
தமிழ்
Taqbaylit
Татарча/tatarça
తెలుగు
ไทย
Тоҷикӣ
Türkçe
Twi
Українська
اردو
ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche
Vèneto
Tiếng Việt
Volapük
Walon
West-Vlams
Winaray
吴语
ייִדיש
Yorùbá
粵語
Zazaki
Zeêuws
Žemaitėška
中文
Edit links
This page was last modified on 2 June 2015, at 07:12.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License; additional terms may apply. By using this site, you agree to the Terms of Use and Privacy Policy. Wikipedia® is a registered trademark of the Wikimedia Foundation, Inc., a non-profit organization.
Privacy policy
About Wikipedia
Disclaimers
Contact Wikipedia
Developers
Mobile view
Wikimedia Foundation
Powered by MediaWiki
  

 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michael_Jackson








This is a featured article. Click here for more information.

Page semi-protected

Michael Jackson

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Jump to: navigation, search

For other people named Michael Jackson, see Michael Jackson (disambiguation).

Michael Jackson
Michael Jackson in 1988.jpg
Jackson performing in 1988, during the Bad world tour.

Born
Michael Joseph Jackson
August 29, 1958
Gary, Indiana, U.S.
Died
June 25, 2009 (aged 50)
Los Angeles, California, U.S.

Cause of death
 Cardiac arrest induced by propofol and benzodiazepine intoxication

Resting place
 Glendale, California, U.S.
Residence
Los Olivos, California, U.S.
Other names
Michael Joe Jackson
Occupation
Singer ·
 songwriter ·
 dancer ·
 actor ·
 record producer ·
 businessman ·
 philanthropist
 
Net worth
Increase U.S. $1.178 billion (2009 estimate)[1]
Religion
Jehovah's Witness (1965–1987)
 Christianity (1987–2009)
Spouse(s)
Lisa Marie Presley
 (m. 1994–1996; divorced)
Deborah Jeanne Rowe
 (m. 1996–1999; divorced)

Children
Michael Joseph Jackson, Jr.
 Paris-Michael Katherine Jackson
 Prince Michael Jackson II
Parent(s)
Joseph Walter Jackson
Katherine Esther Scruse
Musical career
Genres
Pop ·
 dance-pop ·
 R&B ·
 disco ·
 post-disco ·
 rock ·
 new jack swing
 
Instruments
Vocals
 
Years active
1964–2009
Labels
Steeltown ·
 Motown ·
 Epic ·
 Legacy ·
 MJJ Productions
 
Associated acts
The Jackson 5
Signature
Michael Jackson's signature
Michael Joseph Jackson[2][3] (August 29, 1958 – June 25, 2009) was an American singer, songwriter, record producer, dancer, and actor. Called the King of Pop,[4][5] his contributions to music and dance, along with his publicized personal life, made him a global figure in popular culture for over four decades.
The eighth child of the Jackson family, he debuted on the professional music scene along with his elder brothers Jackie, Tito, Jermaine, and Marlon as a member of the Jackson 5 in 1964, and began his solo career in 1971. In the early 1980s, Jackson became a dominant figure in popular music. The music videos for his songs, including those of "Beat It", "Billie Jean", and "Thriller", were credited with breaking down racial barriers and with transforming the medium into an art form and promotional tool. The popularity of these videos helped to bring the then-relatively-new television channel MTV to fame. With videos such as "Black or White" and "Scream", he continued to innovate the medium throughout the 1990s, as well as forging a reputation as a touring solo artist. Through stage and video performances, Jackson popularized a number of complicated dance techniques, such as the robot and the moonwalk, to which he gave the name. His distinctive sound and style has influenced numerous hip hop, post-disco, contemporary R&B, pop, and rock artists.
Jackson's 1982 album Thriller is the best selling album of all time. His other albums, including Off the Wall (1979), Bad (1987), Dangerous (1991), and HIStory (1995), also rank among the world's best selling albums. Jackson is one of the few artists to have been inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame twice. He was also inducted into the Songwriters Hall of Fame and the Dance Hall of Fame as the first and only dancer from pop and rock music. His other achievements include multiple Guinness World Records; 13 Grammy Awards, as well as the Grammy Legend Award and the Grammy Lifetime Achievement Award; 26 American Music Awards—more than any other artist—including the "Artist of the Century" and "Artist of the 1980s"; 13 number-one singles in the United States during his solo career, more than any other male artist in the Hot 100 era; and the estimated sale of over 400 million records worldwide.[Note 1] Jackson has won hundreds of awards, making him the most awarded recording artist in the history of popular music.[6] Jackson became the first artist in history to have a top ten single in the Billboard Hot 100 in five different decades when "Love Never Felt So Good" reached number nine on May 21, 2014.[7] Jackson traveled the world attending events honoring his humanitarianism, and, in 2000, the Guinness World Records recognized him for supporting 39 charities, more than any other entertainer.[8]
Aspects of Jackson's personal life, including his changing appearance, personal relationships, and behavior, generated controversy. In the mid-1990s, he was accused of child sexual abuse, but the civil case was settled out of court for an undisclosed amount and no formal charges were brought.[9] In 2005, he was tried and acquitted of further child sexual abuse allegations and several other charges after the jury found him not guilty on all counts. While preparing for his comeback concert series titled This Is It, Jackson died of acute propofol and benzodiazepine intoxication on June 25, 2009, after suffering from cardiac arrest. The Los Angeles County Coroner ruled his death a homicide, and his personal physician Conrad Murray was convicted of involuntary manslaughter. Jackson's death triggered a global outpouring of grief and a live broadcast of his public memorial service was viewed around the world.[10]


Contents  [hide]
1 Life and career 1.1 1958–75: Early life and the Jackson 5
1.2 1975–81: Move to Epic and Off the Wall
1.3 1982–83: Thriller and Motown 25: Yesterday, Today, Forever
1.4 1984–85: Pepsi, "We Are the World", and business career
1.5 1986–90: Appearance, tabloids, Bad, films, autobiography, and Neverland
1.6 1991–93: Dangerous, Heal the World Foundation, and Super Bowl XXVII
1.7 1993–94: First child sexual abuse allegations and first marriage
1.8 1995–99: HIStory, second marriage, and fatherhood
1.9 2000–03: Label dispute and Invincible
1.10 2003–05: Second child sexual abuse allegations and acquittal
1.11 2006–09: Closure of Neverland, final years, and This Is It
2 Death and memorial 2.1 Aftermath
3 Artistry 3.1 Influences
3.2 Musical themes and genres
3.3 Vocal style
3.4 Music videos and choreography
4 Legacy and influence
5 Honors and awards
6 Earnings and wealth 6.1 U.S. Federal estate tax problems
7 Discography
8 Filmography
9 Tours
10 See also
11 Notes
12 References 12.1 Citations
12.2 Sources
13 External links

Life and career
1958–75: Early life and the Jackson 5

The single-storey house has white walls, two windows, a central white door with a black door frame, and a black roof. In front of the house there is a walk way and multiple colored flowers and memorabilia.

 Jackson's childhood home in Gary, Indiana, showing floral tributes after his death
Michael Joseph Jackson was born on August 29, 1958. He was the eighth of ten children in an African-American working-class family who lived in a two-bedroom house in Gary, Indiana, an industrial city and a part of the Chicago metropolitan area.[11][12] His mother, Katherine Esther Scruse, was a devout Jehovah's Witness. She once aspired to be a country and western performer who played clarinet and piano, but worked part-time at Sears to help support the family.[13] His father, Joseph Walter "Joe" Jackson, a former boxer, was a steelworker at U.S. Steel. Joe also performed on guitar with a local R&B band called The Falcons to supplement the family's household income.[14] Michael grew up with three sisters (Rebbie, La Toya, and Janet) and five brothers (Jackie, Tito, Jermaine, Marlon, and Randy).[15] A sixth brother, Marlon's elder twin Brandon, died shortly after birth.[16]
Jackson had a troubled relationship with his father, Joe.[17][18] In 2003, Joe acknowledged that he regularly whipped Jackson as a boy.[19] Joe was also said to have verbally abused his son, often saying that he had a "fat nose".[20] Jackson stated that he was physically and emotionally abused during incessant rehearsals, though he also credited his father's strict discipline with playing a large role in his success.[17] Speaking openly about his childhood in an interview with Oprah Winfrey, broadcast in February 1993, Jackson acknowledged that his youth had been lonely and isolating.[21] Jackson's deep dissatisfaction with his appearance, his nightmares and chronic sleep problems, his tendency to remain hyper-compliant, especially with his father, and to remain childlike throughout his adult life, are consistent with the effects of the maltreatment he endured as a young child.[22]
In an interview with Martin Bashir, later included in the 2003 broadcast of Living with Michael Jackson, Jackson acknowledged that his father hurt him when he was a child, recalling that Joseph often sat in a chair with a belt in his hand as he and his siblings rehearsed, and that "if you didn't do it the right way, he would tear you up, really get you."[23][24] Both of Jackson's parents have disagreed with the longstanding allegations of abuse, with Katherine stating that while the whippings are considered abuse today, such action was a common way to discipline children back then.[25][26][27] Jackie, Tito, Jermaine and Marlon have also said that their father is not abusive, but rather misunderstood.[28]



 Jackson (center) as a member of the Jackson 5 in 1972
In 1965, Michael and Marlon joined the Jackson Brothers—a band formed by their father and which included brothers Jackie, Tito, and Jermaine—as backup musicians playing congas and tambourine. In 1966, Jackson began sharing lead vocals with his older brother Jermaine, and the group's name was changed to the Jackson 5.[15] That following year, the group won a major local talent show with Jackson performing James Brown's "I Got You (I Feel Good)".[29] From 1966 to 1968 the band toured the Midwest, frequently performing at a string of black clubs known as the "chitlin' circuit" as the opening act for R&B artists that included Sam and Dave, the O'Jays, Gladys Knight, and Etta James. The Jackson 5 also performed at clubs and cocktail lounges, where striptease shows and other adult acts were featured, and at local auditoriums and high school dances.[30][31] In August 1967, while touring the East coast, the group won a weekly amateur night concert at the Apollo Theater in Harlem.[32]
The Jackson 5 recorded several songs, including "Big Boy" (1968), their first single, for Steeltown Records, a Gary, Indiana, record label,[33] before signing with Motown Records in 1969.[15] The Jackson 5 left Gary in 1969 and relocated to the Los Angeles area, where they continued to record music for Motown.[34] Rolling Stone magazine later described the young Michael as "a prodigy" with "overwhelming musical gifts," writing that he "quickly emerged as the main draw and lead singer."[35] The group set a chart record when its first four singles—"I Want You Back" (1969), "ABC" (1970), "The Love You Save" (1970), and "I'll Be There" (1970)—peaked at number one on the Billboard Hot 100.[15] In May 1971, the Jackson family moved into a large home on two-acre estate in Encino, California,[36] where Michael evolved from child performer into a teen idol.[37] As Jackson began to emerge as a solo performer in the early 1970s, he continued to maintain ties to the Jackson 5 and Motown. Between 1972, when his solo career began, and 1975, Michael released four solo studio albums with Motown: Got to Be There (1972), Ben (1972), Music and Me (1973), and Forever, Michael (1975).[38] "Got to Be There" and "Ben", the title tracks from his first two solo albums, produced successful singles, as did a remake of Bobby Day's "Rockin' Robin".[39]
The Jackson 5 were later described as "a cutting-edge example of black crossover artists."[40] Although the group's sales began declining in 1973, and the band members chafed under Motown's refusal to allow them creative control or input, they continued to score several top 40 hits, including the top five single, "Dancing Machine" (1974), before the group left Motown in 1975.[41]
1975–81: Move to Epic and Off the Wall
In June 1975, the Jackson 5 signed with Epic Records, a subsidiary of CBS Records,[41] and renamed themselves the Jacksons. Younger brother Randy formally joined the band around this time, while Jermaine chose to stay with Motown and pursue a solo career.[42] The Jacksons continued to tour internationally, and released six more albums between 1976 and 1984. Michael, the group's lead songwriter during this time, wrote hits such as "Shake Your Body (Down to the Ground)" (1979), "This Place Hotel" (1980), and "Can You Feel It" (1980).[29] Jackson's work in film began in 1978, when he starred as the Scarecrow in The Wiz, a musical directed by Sidney Lumet that also starred Diana Ross, Nipsey Russell, and Ted Ross.[43] The film was a box-office disaster.[44] While working on the film Jackson met Quincy Jones, who was arranging the film's musical score, and Jones agreed to produce Jackson's next solo album, Off the Wall.[45] In 1979, Jackson broke his nose during a complex dance routine. His subsequent rhinoplasty was not a complete success; he complained of breathing difficulties that would affect his career. He was referred to Dr. Steven Hoefflin, who performed Jackson's second rhinoplasty and subsequent operations.[46]
Off the Wall (1979), which Jones and Jackson co-produced, established Jackson as a solo performer. The album helped Jackson transition from the "bubblegum pop" of his youth to the more complex sounds he would create as an adult.[47] Songwriters for the album included Jackson, Rod Temperton, Stevie Wonder, and Paul McCartney. Off the Wall was the first solo album to generate four top 10 hits in the United States: "Off the Wall", "She’s Out of My Life", and the chart-topping singles "Don't Stop 'til You Get Enough" and "Rock with You".[48][49] The album reached number three on the Billboard 200 and eventually sold over 20 million copies worldwide.[50] In 1980, Jackson won three awards at the American Music Awards for his solo efforts: Favorite Soul/R&B Album, Favorite Soul/R&B Male Artist, and Favorite Soul/R&B Single for "Don't Stop 'Til You Get Enough".[51][52] He also won Billboard Year-End awards for Top Black Artist and Top Black Album, and a Grammy Award for Best Male R&B Vocal Performance for 1979 with "Don't Stop 'Til You Get Enough".[48] In 1981 Jackson was the American Music Awards winner for Favorite Soul/R&B Album and Favorite Soul/R&B Male Artist.[53] Despite its commercial success, Jackson felt Off the Wall should have made a much bigger impact, and was determined to exceed expectations with his next release.[54] In 1980, he secured the highest royalty rate in the music industry: 37 percent of wholesale album profit.[55]
1982–83: Thriller and Motown 25: Yesterday, Today, Forever
In 1982, Jackson combined his interests in songwriting and film when he contributed the song "Someone In the Dark" to the storybook for the film E.T. the Extra-Terrestrial. The song, with Quincy Jones as its producer, won a Grammy for Best Recording for Children for 1983.[56] Even more success came after the release of Thriller in late 1982. The album earned Jackson seven more Grammys[56] and eight American Music Awards, including the Award of Merit, the youngest artist to win it.[57]
"Thriller" was the best-selling album worldwide in 1983.[58][59] It became the best-selling album of all time in the United States,[60] and the best-selling album of all time worldwide, selling an estimated 65 million copies.[61] The album topped the Billboard 200 chart for 37 weeks and was in the top 10 of the 200 for 80 consecutive weeks. It was the first album to have seven Billboard Hot 100 top 10 singles, including "Billie Jean", "Beat It", and "Wanna Be Startin' Somethin'".[62] In March 2009 Thriller was certified for 29 million shipments by the RIAA,[63] giving it Double Diamond status in the United States. Thriller won Jackson and Quincy Jones the Grammy award for Producer of the Year (Non-Classical) for 1983. It also won Album of the Year, with Jackson as the album’s artist and Jones as its co-producer, and a Best Pop Vocal Performance, Male, award for Jackson. "Beat It" won Record of the Year, with Jackson as artist and Jones as co-producer, and a Best Rock Vocal Performance, Male, award for Jackson. "Billie Jean" won Jackson two Grammy awards, Best R&B Song, with Jackson as its songwriter, and Best R&B Vocal Performance, Male, as its artist.[56] Thriller also won another Grammy for Best Engineered Recording – Non Classical in 1984, awarding Bruce Swedien for his work on the album.[64] The AMA Awards for 1984 provided Jackson with an Award of Merit and AMAs for Favorite Male Artist, Soul/R&B, and Favorite Male Artist, Pop/Rock. "Beat It" won Jackson AMAs for Favorite Video, Soul/R&B, Favorite Video, Pop/Rock, and Favorite Single, Pop/Rock. Thriller won him AMAs for Favorite Album, Soul/R&B, and Favorite Album, Pop/Rock.[57][65]
In addition to the award-winning album, Jackson released "Thriller", a fourteen-minute music video short directed by John Landis, in 1983.[66] It "defined music videos and broke racial barriers" on the Music Television Channel (MTV), a fledgling entertainment television channel at the time.[47] In December 2009, the Library of Congress selected the music video for "Thriller" for inclusion in the National Film Registry. It was one of twenty-five films named that year as "works of enduring importance to American culture" that would be "preserved for all time."[67][68] The zombie-themed "Thriller" is the first and, as of 2009, the only music video to be inducted into the registry.[66][68][69]
Jackson's attorney John Branca noted that Jackson had the highest royalty rate in the music industry at that point: approximately $2 for every album sold. He was also making record-breaking profits from sales of his recordings. The videocassette of the documentary The Making of Michael Jackson's Thriller sold over 350,000 copies in a few months. The era saw the arrival of novelties like dolls modeled after Michael Jackson, which appeared in stores in May 1984 at a price of $12.[70] Biographer J. Randy Taraborrelli writes that, "Thriller stopped selling like a leisure item—like a magazine, a toy, tickets to a hit movie—and started selling like a household staple."[71] In 1985, The Making of Michael Jackson's Thriller won a Grammy for Best Music Video, Longform.[56] Time described Jackson's influence at that point as "Star of records, radio, rock video. A one-man rescue team for the music business. A songwriter who sets the beat for a decade. A dancer with the fanciest feet on the street. A singer who cuts across all boundaries of taste and style and color too".[70] The New York Times wrote that, "in the world of pop music, there is Michael Jackson and there is everybody else".[72]
A defining point in Jackson's career took place on March 25, 1983, when Michael reunited with his brothers for a legendary live performance, which was taped at the Pasadena Civic Auditorium, for Motown 25: Yesterday, Today, Forever, an NBC television special. The show aired on May 16, 1983, to an estimated audience of 47 million viewers, and featured the Jacksons and other Motown stars.[73] The show is best remembered for Jackson's solo performance of "Billie Jean", which earned Jackson his first Emmy nomination.[74] Wearing a distinctive black-sequined jacket and a golf glove decorated with rhinestones, he debuted his signature dance move, the moonwalk, which former Soul Train dancer and Shalamar member Jeffrey Daniel had taught him three years earlier.[75] Jackson originally turned down the invitation to perform at the show, believing he had been doing too much television at the time. However at the request of Berry Gordy, Jackson relented and agreed to perform at the show in exchange for time to do a solo performance.[76] According to Rolling Stones reporter Mikal Gilmore, "There are times when you know you are hearing or seeing something extraordinary...that came that night."[37] Jackson's performance drew comparisons to Elvis Presley's and the Beatles' appearances on The Ed Sullivan Show.[77] Anna Kisselgoff of The New York Times later wrote, "The moonwalk that he made famous is an apt metaphor for his dance style. How does he do it? As a technician, he is a great illusionist, a genuine mime. His ability to keep one leg straight as he glides while the other bends and seems to walk requires perfect timing."[78] Berry Gordy said of the performance, "from the first beat of Billie Jean, I was mesmerized, and when he did his iconic moonwalk, I was shocked, it was magic, Michael Jackson went into orbit, and never came down."[79]
1984–85: Pepsi, "We Are the World", and business career
By the mid-1980s Jackson's award-winning musical career contributed to his commercial appeal, which proved to be substantial. In November 1983 Jackson, along with his brothers, partnered with PepsiCo in a $5 million promotional deal that broke advertising industry records for a celebrity endorsement. The first Pepsi campaign, which ran in the United States from 1983 to 1984 and launched its "New Generation" theme, included advertising, tour sponsorship, public relations events, and in-store displays. Jackson, who was actively involved in creating the iconic Pepsi advertisement, suggested using his song, "Billie Jean", as its musical jingle with a revised chorus.[80] According a Billboard report in 2009, Brian J. Murphy, executive VP of branded management at TBA Global, commented, "You couldn’t separate the tour from the endorsement from the licensing of the music, and then the integration of the music into the Pepsi fabric."[80]
On January 27, 1984, Michael and other members of the Jacksons filmed a Pepsi Cola commercial that was overseen by executive Phil Dusenberry,[81] a BBDO ad agency executive, and Alan Pottasch, Pepsi's Worldwide Creative Director, at the Shrine Auditorium in Los Angeles. In front of a full house of fans during a simulated concert, pyrotechnics accidentally set Jackson's hair on fire, causing second-degree burns to his scalp. Jackson underwent treatment to hide the scars on his scalp, and had his third rhinoplasty shortly thereafter.[46] Pepsi settled out of court, and Jackson donated his $1.5 million settlement to the Brotman Medical Center in Culver City, California. Its Michael Jackson Burn Center is named in his honor.[82] Dusenberry later recounted the episode in his memoir, Then We Set His Hair on Fire: Insights and Accidents from a Hall of Fame Career in Advertising. Jackson signed a second agreement with Pepsi in the late 1980s for a reported $10 million. The second campaign had a global reach to more than twenty countries and provided financial support for Jackson's Bad album and his world tour in 1987–88.[80] Although Jackson had endorsements and advertising deals with other companies, such as L.A. Gear, Suzuki, and Sony, none were as significant as his deals with Pepsi, which later signed other music stars such as Britney Spears and Beyoncé to promote its products.[80][80][83]

President Reagan wearing a suit and tie stands at a podium and turns to smile at Mrs Reagan, who is wearing a white outfit, and Jackson, who is wearing a white shirt with a blue jacket and a yellow strap across his chest.

 Jackson at the White House being presented with an award by President Ronald Reagan and first lady Nancy Reagan, 1984
Jackson’s humanitarian work was recognized on May 14, 1984, when he was invited to the White House to receive an award from President Ronald Reagan for his support of charities that helped people overcome alcohol and drug abuse,[84] and in recognition of his support for the Ad Council's and the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration's Drunk Driving Prevention campaign. Jackson donated the use of "Beat It" for the campaign's public service announcements.[85]
Unlike later albums, Thriller did not have an official tour to promote it, but the Victory Tour of 1984 headlined The Jacksons and showcased much of Jackson's new solo material to more than two million Americans. It was the last tour he would do with his brothers.[86] Following a controversy over the concert's ticket sales, Jackson held a press conference and announced that he would donate his share of the proceeds from the Victory Tour, an estimated $3 to 5 million, to charity.[87][88] Jackson's charitable work and humanitarian awards continued with the release of "We Are the World" (1985), which he co-wrote with Lionel Richie.[89] Released worldwide in March 1985 to aid the poor in the United States and Africa, the song earned $63 million for famine relief,[90] and became one of the best-selling singles of all time, with nearly 20 million copies sold. "We Are the World" won four Grammys for 1985, including Song of the Year going to Jackson and Richie as its co-songwriters.[89] Although the American Music Award directors removed the charity song from the competition because they felt it would be inappropriate, the AMA show in 1986 concluded with a tribute to the song in honor of its first anniversary. (The song was recorded on January 28, 1985).[91] The project's creators received two special AMA honors: one for the creation of the song and another for the USA for Africa idea. Jackson, Quincy Jones, and entertainment promoter Ken Kragan received special awards for their roles in creation of the song.[91][92][93][94]
Jackson's financial interests in the music publishing business expanded after collaborating with Paul McCartney in the early 1980s. He subsequently learned that McCartney made approximately $40 million a year from other people's songs.[90] By 1983 Jackson had begun investing in publishing rights to songs that others had written, but he was careful with his acquisitions, only bidding on a few of the dozens that were offered to him. Jackson’s early acquisitions of music catalogs and song copyrights such as the Sly Stone collection included "Everyday People" (1968), Len Barry's "1–2–3" (1965), and Dion DiMucci's "The Wanderer" (1961) and "Runaround Sue" (1961); however, Jackson's most significant purchase came in 1985, when he acquired the publishing rights to ATV Music Publishing after months of negotiation.[90] ATV had acquired the publishing rights to nearly 4000 songs, including the Northern Songs catalog that contained the majority of the Lennon–McCartney compositions recorded by the Beatles.[95]
In 1984, Robert Holmes à Court, the wealthy Australian investor who owned ATV Music Publishing, announced he was putting the ATV catalog up for sale.[95] In 1981,[96] McCartney was offered the ATV music catalog for £20 million ($40 million).[90][97] According to McCartney, he contacted Yoko Ono about making a joint purchase by splitting the cost at £10 million each, but Ono thought they could buy it for £5 million each.[90][97] When they were unable to make a joint purchase, McCartney, who did not want to be the sole owner of the Beatles' songs, did not pursue an offer on his own.[96][97] According to a negotiator for Holmes à Court in the 1984 sale, "We had given Paul McCartney first right of refusal but Paul didn't want it at that time."[98]
Jackson was first informed about the sale by his attorney, John Branca, in September 1984.[95] An attorney for McCartney also assured Branca that McCartney was not interested in bidding. McCartney reportedly said "It's too pricey",[90][96] but several other companies and investors were interested in bidding. Jackson submitted a bid of $46 million on November 20, 1984.[95] His agents thought they had a deal several times, but encountered new bidders or new areas of debate. In May 1985, Jackson's team walked away from talks after having spent more than $1 million and four months of due diligence work on the negotiations.[95] In June 1985 Jackson and Branca learned that Charles Koppelman's and Marty Bandier's The Entertainment Company had made a tentative agreement with Holmes à Court to buy ATV Music for $50 million; however, in early August, Holmes à Court's team contacted Jackson and talks resumed. Jackson raised his bid to $47.5 million, which was accepted because he could close the deal more quickly, having already completed due diligence of ATV Music.[95] Jackson also agreed to visit Holmes à Court in Australia, where he would appear on the Channel Seven Perth Telethon.[98] Jackson's purchase of ATV Music was finalized on August 10, 1985.[95]
1986–90: Appearance, tabloids, Bad, films, autobiography, and Neverland
See also: Michael Jackson's health and appearance
Jackson's skin had been a medium-brown color for the entire duration of his youth, but starting in the mid-1980s, it gradually grew paler. The change gained widespread media coverage, including rumors that he might be bleaching his skin.[99] According to J. Randy Taraborrelli's biography, in 1986, Jackson was diagnosed with vitiligo which Taroberrelli noted, may be a consequence of skin bleaching. Taraborelli claimed Jackson was diagnosed with lupus; the vitiligo partially lightened his skin, and the lupus was in remission; both illnesses made him sensitive to sunlight. The treatments he used for his condition further lightened his skin tone, and, with the application of pancake makeup to even out blotches, he could appear very pale.[100] Jackson was also diagnosed with vitiligo in his autopsy though not with lupus.[101]
Jackson claimed that he had only two rhinoplasties and no other surgery on his face, although at one point he mentioned having a dimple created in his chin. Jackson lost weight in the early 1980s because of a change in diet and a desire for "a dancer's body".[102] Witnesses reported that he was often dizzy and speculated that he was suffering from anorexia nervosa; periods of weight loss would become a recurring problem later in life.[103]
During the course of his treatment, Jackson made two close friends: his dermatologist, Dr. Arnold Klein, and Klein's nurse Debbie Rowe. Rowe eventually became Jackson's second wife and the mother of his two eldest children. He also relied heavily on Klein for medical and business advice.[104]
Jackson became the subject of increasingly sensational reports. In 1986, the tabloids ran a story claiming that Jackson slept in a hyperbaric oxygen chamber to slow the aging process; he was pictured lying down in a glass box. Although the claim was untrue, according to tabloid reports that are widely cited, Jackson had disseminated the fabricated story himself.[105] When Jackson bought a chimpanzee called Bubbles from a laboratory, he was reported to be increasingly detached from reality.[106] It was reported that Jackson had offered to buy the bones of Joseph Merrick (the "elephant man") and although untrue, Jackson did not deny the story.[107] Although initially he saw these stories as opportunities for publicity, he stopped leaking untruths to the press as they became more sensational. Consequently the media began making up their own stories.[105][108][109] These reports became embedded in the public consciousness, inspiring the nickname "Wacko Jacko", which Jackson came to despise.[110] Responding to the gossip, Jackson remarked to Taraborrelli:

Why not just tell people I'm an alien from Mars? Tell them I eat live chickens and do a voodoo dance at midnight. They'll believe anything you say, because you're a reporter. But if I, Michael Jackson, were to say, "I'm an alien from Mars and I eat live chickens and do a voodoo dance at midnight," people would say, "Oh, man, that Michael Jackson is nuts. He's cracked up. You can't believe a single word that comes out of his mouth."[111]

A black jacket with five round golden medals on its left and right shoulders, a gold band on its left arm sleeve, and two belt straps on the right bottom sleeve. Underneath the jacket is a golden belt, with a round ornament in its center.

 Jackson wore a gold-plated military style jacket with belt during the Bad era
Jackson collaborated with George Lucas and Francis Ford Coppola on the 17-minute 3-D film Captain EO, which debuted in September 1986 at both the original Disneyland and at EPCOT in Florida, and in March 1987 at Tokyo Disneyland. The $30 million movie was a popular attraction at all three parks. A Captain EO attraction was later featured at Euro Disneyland after that park opened in 1992. All four parks' Captain EO installations stayed open well into the 1990s: the Paris installation was the last one to close, in 1998.[112] The attraction would later return to Disneyland in 2010 after Jackson's death.[113]
In 1987, Jackson disassociated himself from the Jehovah's Witnesses, in response to their disapproval of the Thriller video.[114] With the industry expecting another major hit, Jackson's first album in five years, Bad (1987), was highly anticipated.[115] It did not top Thriller as a commercial or artistic triumph, but Bad was still a substantial success in its own right.



 Jackson performing in 1988
The Bad album spawned seven hit singles in the U.S., five of which ("I Just Can't Stop Loving You", "Bad", "The Way You Make Me Feel", "Man in the Mirror" and "Dirty Diana") reached number one on the Billboard Hot 100 charts. This was a record for most number one Hot 100 singles from any one album, including Thriller.[116] Although the title track's video was arguably derivative of the video for the earlier single "Beat It", the "Bad" video still proved to be one of Jackson's iconic moments. It was a gritty but colorful epic set against the backdrop of the New York City Subway system, with costuming and choreography inspired by West Side Story. As of 2012, the album sold between 30 to 45 million copies worldwide.[117][118][119][120][121][122] Thanks to the Bad album, Bruce Swedien, and Humberto Gatica won one Grammy in 1988 for Best Engineered Recording – Non Classical and Michael Jackson won one Grammy for Best Music Video, Short Form for "Leave Me Alone" in 1989.[56][64] In the same year, Jackson won an Award of Achievement at the American Music Awards because Bad is the first album ever to generate five number one singles in the U.S., the first album to top in 25 countries and the best-selling album worldwide in 1987 and in 1988.[123][124][125][126] In 1988, "Bad" won an American Music Award for Favorite Soul/R&B Single.[127]
The Bad world tour began on September 12 that year, finishing on January 14, 1989.[128] In Japan alone, the tour had 14 sellouts and drew 570,000 people, nearly tripling the previous record of 200,000 in a single tour.[129] Jackson broke a Guinness World Record when 504,000 people attended seven sold-out shows at Wembley Stadium.[130] He performed a total of 123 concerts to an audience of 4.4 million people.[131][132] The Bad Tour turned out to be the last of Jackson's concert tours to include shows in the continental United States, although later tours did make it to Hawaii.
In 1988, Jackson released his only autobiography, Moonwalk, which took four years to complete and sold 200,000 copies.[133] Jackson wrote about his childhood, the Jackson 5, and the abuse he had suffered.[134] He also wrote about his facial appearance, saying he had had two rhinoplastic surgeries and a dimple created in his chin.[102] He attributed much of the change in the structure of his face to puberty, weight loss, a strict vegetarian diet, a change in hair style, and stage lighting.[102] Moonwalk reached the top position on The New York Times best sellers' list.[135] The musician then released a film called Moonwalker, which featured live footage and short films that starred Jackson and Joe Pesci. The film was originally intended to be released to theaters, but due to financial issues, the film was released direct-to-video. It saw a theatrical release in Germany, though. It debuted atop the Billboard Top Music Video Cassette chart, staying there for 22 weeks. It was eventually knocked off the top spot by Michael Jackson: The Legend Continues.[136]
In March 1988, Jackson purchased land near Santa Ynez, California, to build Neverland Ranch at a cost of $17 million. He installed several carnival rides on the 2,700-acre (11 km2) property including a Ferris wheel, a carousel and a menagerie, as well as a movie theater and a petting zoo. A security staff of 40 patrolled the grounds. In 2003, it was valued at approximately $100 million.[137][138] In 1989, his annual earnings from album sales, endorsements, and concerts were estimated at $125 million for that year alone.[139] Shortly afterwards, he became the first Westerner to appear in a television ad in the Soviet Union.[136]
His success resulted in him being dubbed the "King of Pop".[140][141][142][143] The nickname was popularized by Elizabeth Taylor when she presented him with the Soul Train Heritage Award in 1989, proclaiming him "the true king of pop, rock and soul."[144] President George H.W. Bush designated him the White House's "Artist of the Decade".[145] From 1985 to 1990, he donated $455,000 to the United Negro College Fund,[146] and all of the profits from his single "Man in the Mirror" went to charity.[147] Jackson's live rendition of "You Were There" at Sammy Davis, Jr.'s 60th birthday celebration allowed Jackson to receive his second Emmy nomination.[74][136]
1991–93: Dangerous, Heal the World Foundation, and Super Bowl XXVII
In March 1991, Jackson renewed his contract with Sony for $65 million, a record-breaking deal at the time,[148] displacing Neil Diamond's renewal contract with Columbia Records.[149] He released his eighth album, Dangerous, in 1991. The Dangerous album was co-produced with Teddy Riley, who convinced Michael to feature a rapper on his album for the first time. As of 2013, the album has shipped seven million copies in the U.S. and has sold approximately 30 million copies worldwide.[150][151][152] In the United States, the album's first single "Black or White" was its biggest hit, reaching number one on the Billboard Hot; 100 and remaining there for seven weeks, with similar chart performances worldwide.[153] The album's second single "Remember the Time" spent eight weeks in the top five in the United States, peaking at number three on the Billboard Hot 100 singles chart.[154] At the end of 1992, Dangerous was awarded the best-selling album of the year worldwide and "Black or White" was awarded best-selling single of the year worldwide at the Billboard Music Awards. Additionally, he won an award as best-selling artist of the 1980s.[155] In 1993, Jackson performed the song at the Soul Train Music Awards in a chair, saying he had suffered an injury in rehearsals.[156] In the UK and other parts of Europe, "Heal the World" was the biggest hit from the album; it sold 450,000 copies in the UK and spent five weeks at number two in 1992.[154]
Jackson founded the Heal the World Foundation in 1992. The charity organization brought underprivileged children to Jackson's ranch to enjoy theme park rides that Jackson had built on the property. The foundation also sent millions of dollars around the globe to help children threatened by war, poverty, and disease. In the same year Jackson published his second book, the bestselling collection of poetry, Dancing the Dream. While it was a commercial success and revealed a more intimate side to Jackson's nature, the collection was mostly critically unacclaimed at the time of release. In 2009, the book was republished by Doubleday and was more positively received by some critics in the wake of Jackson's untimely death. The Dangerous World Tour grossed $100 million. The tour began on June 27, 1992, and finished on November 11, 1993. Jackson performed to 3.5 million people in 70 concerts.[154][157] He sold the broadcast rights to his Dangerous world tour to HBO for $20 million, a record-breaking deal that still stands.[158]
Following the illness and death of Ryan White, Jackson helped draw public attention to HIV/AIDS, something that was still controversial at the time. He publicly pleaded with the Clinton Administration at Bill Clinton's Inaugural Gala to give more money to HIV/AIDS charities and research.[159][160] In a high-profile visit to Africa, Jackson visited several countries, among them Gabon and Egypt.[161] His first stop to Gabon was greeted with a sizable and enthusiastic reception of more than 100,000 people, some of them carrying signs that read, "Welcome Home Michael."[161] In his trip to Côte d'Ivoire, Jackson was crowned "King Sani" by a tribal chief.[161] He then thanked the dignitaries in French and English, signed official documents formalizing his kingship and sat on a golden throne while presiding over ceremonial dances.[161]
In January 1993, Jackson made a memorable appearance at the halftime show at Super Bowl XXVII. Because of dwindling interest during halftime in the years before, the NFL decided to seek big-name talent that would keep viewers and ratings high, with Jackson being selected because of his popularity and universal appeal.[162] It was the first Super Bowl where the audience figures increased during the half-time show to more than the game itself. The performance began with Jackson catapulting onto the stage as fireworks went off behind him. As he landed on the canvas, he maintained a motionless "clenched fist, standing statue stance", dressed in a gold and black military outfit and sunglasses; he remained completely motionless for a minute and a half while the crowd cheered. He then slowly removed his sunglasses, threw them away and sang four songs: "Jam", "Billie Jean", "Black or White", and "Heal the World". Jackson's Dangerous album rose 90 places up the album chart.[99]
Jackson gave a 90-minute interview to Oprah Winfrey on February 10, 1993, his second television interview since 1979. He grimaced when speaking of his childhood abuse at the hands of his father; he believed he had missed out on much of his childhood years, admitting that he often cried from loneliness. He denied tabloid rumors that he had bought the bones of the Elephant Man, slept in a hyperbaric oxygen chamber, or bleached his skin, stating for the first time that he had vitiligo. Dangerous re-entered the album chart in the top 10, more than a year after its original release.[24][99][154]
In February 1993, Jackson was given the "Living Legend Award" at the 35th Grammy Awards in Los Angeles. "Black or White" was Grammy-nominated for best vocal performance. "Jam" gained two nominations: Best R&B Vocal Performance and Best R&B Song.[154] The Dangerous album won a Grammy for Best Engineered – Non Classical, awarding the work of Bruce Swedien and Teddy Riley. In the same year, Michael Jackson won three American Music Awards for Favorite Pop/Rock Album (Dangerous), Favorite Soul/R&B Single ("Remember the Time") and was the first to win the International Artist Award, for his global performances and humanitarian concerns. This award will bear his name in the future.[56][64][163]

1993–94: First child sexual abuse allegations and first marriage
Main article: 1993 child sexual abuse accusations against Michael Jackson
In the summer of 1993, Jackson was accused of child sexual abuse by a 13-year-old boy named Jordan Chandler and his father, Evan Chandler, a dentist.[164][165][166] The Chandler family demanded payment from Jackson, and the singer initially refused. Jordan Chandler eventually told the police that Jackson had sexually abused him.[167] Evan Chandler was tape-recorded discussing his intention to pursue charges, saying, "If I go through with this, I win big-time. There's no way I lose. I will get everything I want and they will be destroyed forever..... Michael's career will be over". Jordan's mother was, however, adamant at the time that there had been no wrongdoing on Jackson's part.[166] Jackson later used the recording to argue that he was the victim of a jealous father whose only goal was to extort money from the singer.[166] In January 1994, however, after investigation on allegations of extortion against the singer by Chandler, deputy Los Angeles County district attorney Michael J. Montagna stated that Chandler would not be charged due to lack of cooperation from Jackson's camp and its willingness to negotiate with Chandler for several weeks among other reasons.[168]
In August 1993, Jackson's home was raided by the police who, according to court documents, found books and photographs in his bedroom featuring young boys with little or no clothing.[169] Since the books were legal to purchase and own, the jury decided to not indict Jackson.[170] In December 1993, Jackson was strip searched.[171] Jordan Chandler had reportedly given police a description of Jackson's intimate parts, and the strip search revealed that Jordan had correctly claimed Jackson had patchy-colored buttocks, short pubic hair, and pink and brown marked testicles.[171] Reportedly, Jordan had also previously drawn accurate pictures of a dark spot on Jackson's penis only visible when his penis was lifted.[172] Despite differing initial internal reports from prosecutors and investigators[173] and later, with reports of jurors feeling otherwise that the photos did not match the description,[174][175][176] the DA stated his belief in a sworn affidavit that the description was accurate,[177] along with the sheriff's photographer stating the description was accurate.[178] A 2004 motion filed by Jackson's defense asserted that Jackson was never criminally indicted by any grand jury and that his settlement admitted no wrongdoing and contained no evidence of criminal misconduct.[179]
Jackson's friends said he never recovered from the humiliation of the strip search. The investigation was inconclusive and no charges were ever filed.[180] Jackson described the search in an emotional public statement, and proclaimed his innocence.[164][171][181] On January 1, 1994, Jackson settled with the Chandlers out of court for $22 million. A Santa Barbara County grand jury and a Los Angeles County grand jury disbanded on May 2, 1994 without indicting Jackson,[182] and the Chandlers stopped co-operating with the criminal investigation around July 6, 1994.[183][184][185] The out-of-court settlement's documentation specifically stated Jackson admitted no wrongdoing and no liability; the Chandlers and their family lawyer Larry Feldman signed it without contest.[186] Feldman also explicitly stated "nobody bought anybody's silence".[187] A decade after the fact, during the second round of child abuse allegations, Jackson's lawyers would file a memo stating that the 1994 settlement was done without his consent.[184] A later disclosure by the FBI of investigation documents compiled over nearly 20 years led to Jackson's attorney to make the suggestion that there was no evidence of molestation or sexual impropriety from Jackson towards minors.[188] According to reports the DCFS had investigated Jackson beginning in 1993 with the Chandler allegation and again in 2003. Reports show the LAPD and DCFS did not find credible evidence of abuse or sexual misconduct.[189][190]
In May 1994, Jackson married Lisa Marie Presley, the daughter of Elvis and Priscilla Presley. They had first met in 1975, when a seven-year-old Presley attended one of Jackson's family engagements at the MGM Grand Hotel and Casino, and were reconnected through a mutual friend.[191] According to a friend of Presley's, "their adult friendship began in November 1992 in L.A."[192] They stayed in contact every day over the telephone. As the child molestation accusations became public, Jackson became dependent on Presley for emotional support; she was concerned about his faltering health and addiction to drugs.[193] Presley explained, "I believed he didn't do anything wrong and that he was wrongly accused and yes I started falling for him. I wanted to save him. I felt that I could do it."[194] She eventually persuaded him to settle the civil case out of court and go into rehabilitation to recover.[193]
Jackson proposed to Presley over the telephone towards the fall of 1993, saying, "If I asked you to marry me, would you do it?"[193] They married in the Dominican Republic in secrecy, denying it for nearly two months afterwards.[195] The marriage was, in her words, "a married couple's life..... that was sexually active".[196] At the time, the tabloid media speculated that the wedding was a ploy to prop up Jackson's public image.[195] The marriage lasted less than two years and ended with an amicable divorce settlement.[197] In a 2010 interview with Oprah, Presley admitted that they spent four more years after the divorce "getting back together and breaking up", until she decided to stop.[198]
1995–99: HIStory, second marriage, and fatherhood
In 1995, Jackson merged his ATV Music catalog with Sony's music publishing division creating Sony/ATV Music Publishing. Jackson retained half-ownership of the company, earned $95 million upfront as well as the rights to even more songs.[199][200] He then released the double album HIStory: Past, Present and Future, Book I. The first disc, HIStory Begins, was a 15-track greatest hits album, and was later reissued as Greatest Hits: HIStory, Volume I in 2001, while the second disc, HIStory Continues, contained 13 new songs and 2 cover versions. The album debuted at number one on the charts and has been certified for seven million shipments in the US.[201] It is the best-selling multiple-disc album of all-time, with 20 million copies (40 million units) sold worldwide.[153][202] HIStory received a Grammy nomination for Album of the Year.[203]
The first single released from the album was "Scream/Childhood". "Scream" was a duet, performed with Jackson's youngest sister Janet. The song fights against the media, mainly for what the media made him out to be during his 1993 child abuse allegations. The single had the highest debut on the Billboard Hot 100 at number five, and received a Grammy nomination for "Best Pop Collaboration with Vocals".[203] "You Are Not Alone" was the second single released from HIStory; it holds the Guinness World Record for the first song ever to debut at number one on the Billboard Hot 100 chart.[139] It was seen as a major artistic and commercial success, receiving a Grammy nomination for "Best Pop Vocal Performance".[203]

Close-up of a pale skinned Jackson with black hair. He is wearing a black jacket with white designs on it.

 Michael Jackson at the 1997 Cannes Film Festival for the Ghosts music video premier
In late 1995, Jackson was rushed to a hospital after collapsing during rehearsals for a televised performance; the incident was caused by a stress-related panic attack.[204] "Earth Song" was the third single released from HIStory, and topped the UK Singles Chart for six weeks over Christmas 1995; it sold a million copies, making it Jackson's most successful single in the UK.[203] The track "They Don't Care About Us" became controversial when the Anti-Defamation League and other groups criticized its allegedly antisemitic lyrics. Jackson quickly put out a revised version of the song without the offending lyrics.[205] In 1996, Jackson won a Grammy for Best Music Video, Short Form for "Scream" and an American Music Award for Favorite Pop/Rock Male Artist.[56][206]
The album was promoted with the successful HIStory World Tour. The tour began on September 7, 1996, and finished on October 15, 1997. Jackson performed 82 concerts in 58 cities to over 4.5 million fans, and grossed a total of $165 million. The show, which visited five continents and 35 countries, became Jackson's most successful in terms of audience figures.[128] During the tour, Jackson married his longtime friend Deborah Jeanne Rowe, a dermatology nurse, in an impromptu ceremony in Sydney, Australia. Rowe was approximately six months pregnant with the couple's first child at the time. Originally, Rowe and Jackson had no plans to marry, but Jackson's mother Katherine persuaded them to do so.[207] Michael Joseph Jackson Jr (commonly known as Prince) was born on February 13, 1997; his sister Paris-Michael Katherine Jackson was born a year later on April 3, 1998.[197][208] The couple divorced in 1999, and Jackson got full custody of the children. The divorce was relatively amicable, but a subsequent custody suit was not settled until 2006.[209][210]
In 1997, Jackson released Blood on the Dance Floor: HIStory in the Mix, which contained remixes of hit singles from HIStory and five new songs. Worldwide sales stand at 6 million copies, it is the best selling remix album ever released.[211] It reached number one in the UK, as did the title track.[211][212] In the US, the album was certified platinum, but only reached number 24.[150][203] Forbes placed his annual income at $35 million in 1996 and $20 million in 1997.[138] Throughout June 1999, Jackson was involved in a number of charitable events. He joined Luciano Pavarotti for a benefit concert in Modena, Italy. The show was in support of the nonprofit organization War Child, and raised a million dollars for the refugees of Kosovo, FR Yugoslavia, as well as additional funds for the children of Guatemala.[213] Later that month, Jackson organized a set of "Michael Jackson & Friends" benefit concerts in Germany and Korea. Other artists involved included Slash, The Scorpions, Boyz II Men, Luther Vandross, Mariah Carey, A. R. Rahman, Prabhu Deva Sundaram, Shobana, Andrea Bocelli, and Luciano Pavarotti. The proceeds went to the Nelson Mandela Children's Fund, the Red Cross and UNESCO.[214] From August 1999 through 2000, he lived in New York City at 4 East 74th Street.[215]
2000–03: Label dispute and Invincible
At the turn of the century, Jackson won an American Music Award as Artist of the 1980s.[216] Throughout 2000 and 2001, Jackson worked in the studio with Teddy Riley and Rodney Jerkins, as well as other collaborators. These sessions would result in the album Invincible, released in October 2001. Invincible was Jackson's first full-length album in six years, and it would be the last album of new material he released while still alive. The release of the album was preceded by a dispute between Jackson and his record label, Sony Music Entertainment. Jackson had expected the licenses to the masters of his albums to revert to him sometime in the early 2000s. Once he had the licenses, he would be able to promote the material however he pleased and keep all the profits. However, due to various clauses in the contract, the revert date turned out to be many years away. Jackson discovered that the attorney who represented him in the deal was also representing Sony.[212] Jackson was also concerned about the fact that for a number of years, Sony had been pressuring him to sell his share in their music catalog venture. Jackson feared that Sony might have a conflict of interest, since if Jackson's career failed, he would have to sell his share of the catalog at a low price.[217] Jackson sought an early exit from his contract.[212]
In September 2001, two 30th Anniversary concerts were held at Madison Square Garden to mark the singer's 30th year as a solo artist. Jackson appeared onstage alongside his brothers for the first time since 1984. The show also featured performances by Mýa, Usher, Whitney Houston, NSYNC, Destiny's Child, Monica, Luther Vandross, and Slash, among other artists.[218] The second of the two shows took place the night before the September 11, 2001, terrorist attacks.[219] After 9/11, Jackson helped organize the United We Stand: What More Can I Give benefit concert at RFK Stadium in Washington, D.C. The concert took place on October 21, 2001, and included performances from dozens of major artists, including Jackson, who performed his song "What More Can I Give" as the finale.[217] Jackson's solo performances were omitted from the televised version of the benefit concert, although he could still be seen singing background vocals. This omission happened because of contractual issues related to the earlier 30th Anniversary concerts: those concerts were boiled down into a two-hour TV special titled Michael Jackson: 30th Anniversary Celebration which debuted in November 2001.
In spite of the events preceding its release, Invincible came out in October 2001 to much anticipation. Invincible proved to be a hit, debuting atop the charts in 13 countries and going on to sell approximately 13 million copies worldwide. It received double-platinum certification in the U.S.[150][153] However, the sales for Invincible were lower than those of his previous releases, due in part to a lack of promotion, no supporting world tour and the label dispute. The album also came out at a bad time for the music industry in general.[217] The album cost $30 million to record, not including promotional expenditures.[220] Invincible spawned three singles, "You Rock My World", "Cry", and "Butterflies", the latter without a music video. Jackson alleged in July 2002 that the-then Sony Music chairman Tommy Mottola was a "devil" and a "racist" who did not support his African-American artists, using them merely for his own personal gain.[217] He charged that Mottola had called his colleague Irv Gotti a "fat nigger".[221] Sony refused to renew Jackson's contract, and claimed that a $25 million promotional campaign had failed because Jackson refused to tour in the United States.[220]
In 2002, Michael Jackson won his 22nd American Music Award for Artist of the Century.[222] In the same year, Jackson's third child, Prince Michael Jackson II (nicknamed "Blanket") was born.[223] The mother's identity was not announced, but Jackson has said the child was the result of artificial insemination from a surrogate mother and his own sperm.[209] On November 20 of that year, Jackson brought his infant son onto the balcony of his room at the Hotel Adlon in Berlin, as fans stood below, holding him in his right arm, with a cloth loosely draped over the baby's face. The baby was briefly extended over a railing, four stories above ground level, causing widespread criticism in the media. Jackson later apologized for the incident, calling it "a terrible mistake".[224] Sony released Number Ones, a compilation of Jackson's hits on CD and DVD. In the U.S., the album was certified triple platinum by the RIAA; in the UK it was certified six times platinum for shipments of at least 1.2 million units.[150][225]
2003–05: Second child sexual abuse allegations and acquittal
Further information: Living with Michael Jackson and People v. Jackson



 Jackson in Las Vegas, 2003
Beginning in May 2002, Jackson allowed a documentary film crew, led by British TV personality Martin Bashir, to follow him around nearly everywhere he went. Bashir's film crew was with Jackson during the "baby-dangling incident" in Berlin. The program was broadcast in March 2003 as Living with Michael Jackson.
In a particularly controversial scene, Jackson was seen holding hands and discussing sleeping arrangements with a young boy.[226] As soon as the documentary aired, the Santa Barbara county attorney's office began a criminal investigation. After an initial probe from the LAPD and DCFS was conducted in February 2003, they had initially concluded that molestation allegations were "unfounded" at the time.[227] After the young boy involved in the documentary and his mother later told investigators that Jackson had been improper with the boy, Jackson was arrested in November 2003, and was charged with seven counts of child molestation and two counts of administering an intoxicating agent in relation to the 13-year-old boy shown in the film.[226] Jackson denied the allegations, saying the sleepovers were not sexual in nature. The People v. Jackson trial began on January 31, 2005, in Santa Maria, California, and lasted five months, until the end of May. On June 13, 2005, Jackson was acquitted on all counts.[228][229][230] After the trial, in a highly publicized relocation he moved to the Persian Gulf island of Bahrain, as a guest of Sheikh Abdullah.[231] Bahrain was also where the family intended to send Jackson if he was convicted (though Jackson did not know about the plan), according to a statement by Jermaine Jackson printed in The Times of London in September 2011.[232]
2006–09: Closure of Neverland, final years, and This Is It



 Jackson and his son Blanket in Disneyland Paris, 2006
In March 2006, the main house at the Neverland Ranch was closed as a cost-cutting measure.[233] There were numerous reports around that time that Jackson was having financial problems. Jackson had been delinquent on his repayments of a $270 million loan secured against his music publishing holdings, even though those holdings were reportedly making him as much as $75 million a year.[234] Bank of America sold the debt to Fortress Investments. Sony reportedly proposed a restructuring deal which would give them a future option to buy half of Jackson's stake in their jointly owned publishing company (leaving Jackson with a 25% stake).[200] Jackson agreed to a Sony-backed refinancing deal in April 2006, although the exact details were not made public.[235] Jackson did not have a recording contract in place with Sony or any other major record label at the time.
In early 2006, there was an announcement that Jackson had signed a contract with a Bahrain-based startup called Two Seas Records. However, nothing ever came of that deal, and the CEO of Two Seas, Guy Holmes, later stated that the deal had never been finalized.[236][237] Throughout 2006, Sony repackaged 20 singles from the 1980s and 1990s as the Michael Jackson: Visionary series, which subsequently became a box set. Most of those singles returned to the charts as a result. In September 2006, Jackson and his ex-wife Debbie Rowe confirmed reports that they had settled their long-running child custody suit. The terms were never made public. Jackson continued to be the custodial parent of the couple's two children.[210] In October 2006, Fox News entertainment reporter Roger Friedman said that Jackson had been recording at a studio in rural Westmeath, Ireland. It was not known at the time what Jackson might be working on, or who might be paying for the sessions, since his publicist had recently issued a statement claiming that he had left Two Seas.[237][238]
In November 2006, Jackson invited an Access Hollywood camera crew into the studio in Westmeath, and MSNBC broke the story that he was working on a new album, produced by will.i.am of the Black Eyed Peas.[153] Jackson performed at the World Music Awards, in London on November 15, 2006, and accepted a Diamond Award for selling over 100 million records.[153][239] Jackson returned to the United States after Christmas 2006 to attend James Brown's funeral in Augusta, Georgia. He gave one of the eulogies, saying that "James Brown is my greatest inspiration."[240] In the spring of 2007, Jackson and Sony teamed up to buy yet another music publishing company: Famous Music LLC, formerly owned by Viacom. This deal gave him the rights to songs by Eminem, Shakira and Beck, among others.[241] Jackson recorded extensively during this period in New York with songwriter and producer will.i.am and also in Las Vegas with producers Akon and RedOne.[242][243] In March 2007, Jackson gave a brief interview to the Associated Press in Tokyo, where he said, "I've been in the entertainment industry since I was 6 years old, and as Charles Dickens would say, 'It's been the best of times, the worst of times.' But I would not change my career..... While some have made deliberate attempts to hurt me, I take it in stride because I have a loving family, a strong faith and wonderful friends and fans who have, and continue, to support me."[244]
In March 2007, Jackson visited a U.S. Army post in Japan named Camp Zama to greet 3,000 plus U.S. troops and their families. The hosts presented Jackson with a Certificate of Appreciation for his devotion to U.S. Military troops and their families.[245]
In September 2007, Jackson was reportedly still working with will.i.am, but the album was apparently never completed.[246] However, in 2008, Jackson and Sony released Thriller 25 to mark the 25th anniversary of the original Thriller. This album featured the previously unreleased song "For All Time" (an outtake from the original sessions) as well as remixes, where Jackson collaborated with younger artists who had been inspired by his work.[247] Two of the remixes were released as singles with only modest success: "The Girl Is Mine 2008" (with will.i.am) and "Wanna Be Startin' Somethin' 2008" (with Akon). The first single was based on an early demo version, without Paul McCartney. The album itself was a hit, however.[247][248][249][250] In anticipation of Jackson's 50th birthday, Sony BMG released a series of greatest-hits albums called King of Pop. Slightly different versions were released in various countries, based on polls of local fans.[251] King of Pop reached the top 10 in most countries where it was issued, and also sold well as an import in other countries (such as the United States).[252][253]



 An aerial view of part of Jackson's 2,800-acre (11 km2) Neverland Valley Ranch near Los Olivos, California, showing the many rides
In late 2008, Fortress Investments threatened to foreclose on Neverland Ranch, which Jackson used as collateral for loans running into many tens of millions of dollars. However, Fortress opted to sell Jackson's debts to Colony Capital LLC. In November, Jackson transferred Neverland Ranch's title to Sycamore Valley Ranch Company LLC, which was a joint venture between Jackson and Colony Capital LLC. This deal cleared Jackson's debt, and he reportedly even gained an extra $35 million from the venture. At the time of his death, Jackson still owned a stake in Neverland/Sycamore Valley, but it was not announced how large that stake was.[254][255][256] In September 2008, Jackson entered negotiations with Julien's Auction House to display and auction a large collection of memorabilia amounting to approximately 1,390 lots. The auction was scheduled to take place between April 22 and 25.[257] An exhibition of the lots opened as scheduled on April 14, but the actual auction was eventually cancelled at Jackson's request.[258]
In March 2009, Jackson held a press conference at London's O2 Arena and announced a series of comeback concerts titled This Is It. The shows would be Jackson's first major series of concerts since the HIStory World Tour finished in 1997. Jackson suggested possible retirement after the shows; he said it would be his "final curtain call". The initial plan was for 10 concerts in London, followed by shows in Paris, New York City and Mumbai. Randy Phillips, president and chief executive of AEG Live, stated that the first 10 dates alone would earn the singer approximately £50 million.[259] The London residency was increased to 50 dates after record breaking ticket sales: over one million were sold in less than two hours.[260] Jackson rehearsed in Los Angeles in the weeks leading up to the tour under the direction of choreographer Kenny Ortega. Most of these rehearsals took place at the Staples Center, which was owned by AEG.[261] The concerts would have commenced on July 13, 2009, and finished on March 6, 2010. Less than three weeks before the first show was due to begin in London and with all concerts being sold out, Jackson died after suffering cardiac arrest.[262] Some time before his death, it was reported that he was starting a clothing line with Christian Audigier.[263][264]
Jackson's first posthumous song released entirely by his Estate was titled "This Is It" which Jackson cowrote in the 1980s with Paul Anka. It was not on the set lists for the concerts, and the recording was based on an old demo tape. The surviving brothers reunited in the studio for the first time since 1989 to record backing vocals. On October 28, 2009, a documentary film about the rehearsals titled Michael Jackson's This Is It was released.[265] Even though it ran for a limited two-week engagement, it became the highest grossing documentary or concert movie of all time, with earnings of more than $260 million worldwide.[266] Jackson's estate received 90% of the profits.[267] The film was accompanied by a compilation album of the same name. Two versions of the new song appear on the album, which also featured original masters of Jackson's hits in the order in which they appear in the movie, along with a bonus disc with previously unreleased versions of more Jackson hits as well as a spoken-word poem titled "Planet Earth".[268] At the 2009 American Music Awards, Jackson won four posthumous awards, two for him and two for his album Number Ones, bringing his total American Music Awards to 26.[269][270]
Death and memorial
Main articles: Death of Michael Jackson and Michael Jackson memorial service

Jackson's Star with flowers and notes on it

 Fans flocked to Jackson's star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame, adorning it with flowers and notes on the day of his death.
On June 25, 2009, Jackson died while in his bed at his rented mansion at 100 North Carolwood Drive in the Holmby Hills district of Los Angeles. Attempts at resuscitating him by Conrad Murray, his personal physician, were unsuccessful.[271] Los Angeles Fire Department paramedics received a 911 call at 12:22 (PDT, 19:22 UTC), arriving three minutes later at Jackson's location.[272][273] He was reportedly not breathing and CPR was performed.[274] Resuscitation efforts continued en route to the Ronald Reagan UCLA Medical Center, and for more than an hour after arriving there at 1:13 (20:13 UTC). He was pronounced dead at 2:26 local time (21:26 UTC).[275][276] Jackson's death triggered a global outpouring of grief.[271]
The news spread quickly online, causing websites to slow down and crash from user overload. Both TMZ and the Los Angeles Times suffered outages.[277] Google initially believed that the input from millions of people searching for "Michael Jackson" meant that the search engine was under DDoS attack, and blocked searches related to Michael Jackson for 30 minutes. Twitter reported a crash, as did Wikipedia at 3:15 pm PDT (22:15 UTC).[278] The Wikimedia Foundation reported nearly a million visitors to Jackson's biography within one hour, probably the most visitors in a one-hour period to any article in Wikipedia's history.[279] AOL Instant Messenger collapsed for 40 minutes. AOL called it a "seminal moment in Internet history", adding, "We've never seen anything like it in terms of scope or depth."[280]
Around 15% of Twitter posts—or 5,000 tweets per minute—reportedly mentioned Jackson after the news broke,[281][282] compared to the 5% recalled as having mentioned the Iranian elections or the flu pandemic that had made headlines earlier in the year.[282] Overall, web traffic ranged from 11% to at least 20% higher than normal.[281][283] MTV and BET aired marathons of Jackson's music videos.[284] Jackson specials aired on multiple television stations around the world. The British soap opera EastEnders added a last-minute scene, in which one character tells another about the news, to the June 26 episode.[285]
Jackson's memorial was held on July 7, 2009, at the Staples Center in Los Angeles, preceded by a private family service at Forest Lawn Memorial Park's Hall of Liberty. Because of the high demand, organizers of the service fashioned a lottery style distribution method to give out tickets to members of the public. Applications were submitted by 1.6 million fans for tickets to the service over the two-day period that registration was open. A total of 8,750 names were drawn at random to decide who to distribute tickets to, with each recipient receiving two tickets each.[286] Jackson's casket was present during the memorial but no information was released about the final disposition of the body. The memorial service was one of the most watched events in online streaming history.[287] The U.S. audience was estimated by Nielsen to be 31.1 million, an amount comparable to the estimated 35.1 million that watched the 2004 burial of former president Ronald Reagan, and the estimated 33.1 million Americans who watched the 1997 funeral for Princess Diana.[288]
Mariah Carey, Stevie Wonder, Lionel Richie, John Mayer, Jennifer Hudson, Usher, Jermaine Jackson, and Shaheen Jafargholi performed at the event. Berry Gordy and Smokey Robinson gave eulogies, while Queen Latifah read "We had him", a poem written for the occasion by Maya Angelou.[289] The Reverend Al Sharpton received a standing ovation with cheers when he told Jackson's children, "Wasn't nothing strange about your daddy. It was strange what your daddy had to deal with. But he dealt with it anyway."[290] The memorial is best remembered for when Jackson's 11-year-old daughter, Paris Katherine, speaking publicly for the first time cried as she told the crowd, "Ever since I was born, Daddy has been the best father you could ever imagine..... I just wanted to say I love him..... so much."[291][292] Reverend Lucious Smith provided a closing prayer.[293] On August 24, several news outlets quoted anonymous sources as stating that the Los Angeles coroner had decided to treat Jackson's death as a homicide; this was later confirmed by the coroner on August 28.[294][295] At the time of death, Jackson had been administered propofol, lorazepam and midazolam.[296] Law enforcement officials conducted a manslaughter investigation of his personal physician Conrad Murray, who was charged with involuntary manslaughter by prosecutors in Los Angeles on February 8, 2010.[297] Jackson's body was entombed on September 3, 2009, at Forest Lawn Memorial Park in Glendale, California.[298]

Portrait and other tributes, including mural and messages from 650 Spanish fans, letters, pictures, teddy bears, and flowers.

 Tribute of fans from all over the world in the Forest Lawn Memorial Park on the first anniversary of his death
On June 25, 2010, the first anniversary of Jackson's death, fans traveled to Los Angeles to pay their tribute to him. They visited Jackson's star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame and his family's home, as well as Forest Lawn Memorial Park. Many of the fans were carrying sunflowers and other tribute items to drop off at the sites. Members of the Jackson family and close friends arrived to pay their respects.[299][300] Katherine returned to Gary, Indiana to unveil a granite monument constructed in the front yard of the family home. The memorial continued with a candlelight vigil and a special performance of "We Are the World".[301][302] On June 26, there was a protest march in front of the Los Angeles Police Department's Robbery-Homicide Division at the old Parker Center building and a petition with thousands of signatures demanding justice was delivered.[303][304] The Jackson Family Foundation in conjunction with Voiceplate presented "Forever Michael", an event bringing together Jackson family members, celebrities, fans, supporters and the community to celebrate and honor his legacy. A portion of the proceeds were presented to some of Jackson's favorite charities. Katherine also introduced her new book "Never Can Say Goodbye".[305][306][307]
Aftermath
After his death, Jackson became the best-selling albums artist of 2009. He sold over 8.2 million albums in the United States, and a total of 35 million albums worldwide, in the 12 months that followed his death.[308][309] Jackson became the first artist to sell one million downloads in a week in download history, with a record-breaking 2.6 million downloads of his songs. After his death, three of his albums sold more than any new album, which was the first time a catalog album has ever scanned more sales than any new album.[310] Jackson also became the first artist in history to have four of the top 20 best selling albums in a single year in the United States.[311] Following this surge in sales, Sony announced that they had extended their relationship with his material. The distribution rights held by Sony Music were due to expire in 2015.[312] On March 16, 2010, Sony Music Entertainment, in a move spearheaded by its Columbia/Epic Label Group division, signed a new deal with the Jackson estate to extend their distribution rights to his back catalogue until at least 2017, as well as to obtain permission to release ten new albums with previously unreleased material and new collections of released work.[313]
On November 4, 2010, Sony announced the release of Michael, the first posthumous album set to be released on December 14, with the promotional single released to the radios on November 8, titled "Breaking News".[314] The deal was unprecedented in the music industry as it is the most expensive music contract pertaining to a single artist in history; it reportedly involved Sony Music paying $250 million for the deal, with the Jackson estate getting the full sum as well as its share of royalties for all works released.[312][315] Video game developer Ubisoft announced it would release a new dancing-and-singing game featuring Michael Jackson for the 2010 holiday season. The game titled Michael Jackson: The Experience was among the first to use Kinect and PlayStation Move, the respective motion-detecting camera systems for Microsoft's Xbox 360 and Sony's PlayStation 3.[316]
On November 3, 2010, the theatrical performing company Cirque du Soleil announced that it would launch Michael Jackson: The Immortal World Tour in October 2011 in Montreal, while a permanent show will reside in Las Vegas.[317] The 90-minute $57-million production will combine Jackson's iconic musical oeuvre and choreography with the Cirque's signature artistry, dance and aerial displays involving 65 artists.[318] The tour was written and directed by Jamie King[319] and centers on Jackson's "inspirational Giving Tree – the wellspring of creativity where his love of music and dance, fairy tale and magic, and the fragile beauty of nature are unlocked."[320] On October 3, 2011, the accompanying compilation soundtrack album Immortal was announced to have over 40 Jackson's original recordings re-produced by Kevin Antunes.[321] A second, larger and more theatrical Cirque show entitled Michael Jackson: One designed for residency at the Mandalay Bay resort in Las Vegas was announced on February 21, 2013. This show, whose production was written and directed by Jamie King who produced the Immortal show, began its run on May 23, 2013 in a newly renovated theater to both critical and commercial success.[322][323][324][325]
In 2011 it was revealed that Jackson had recorded in 1981–1983 with Freddie Mercury, including a demo of "State of Shock," "Victory" and "There Must Be More to Life Than This."[326] None of these collaborations were officially released, although bootleg recordings exist. Jackson went on to record the single "State of Shock" with Mick Jagger for the Jacksons' album Victory.[327] Mercury included the solo version of "There Must Be More To Life Than This" on his Mr. Bad Guy album.[328] In November 2011, Brian May announced that a series of duets that Mercury recorded with Jackson were to be released in 2012.[329] He later updated the release date to autumn of 2013 and then to 2014.[330]
In April 2011, Jackson's longtime friend and billionaire businessman Mohamed Al-Fayed, chairman of Fulham Football Club, unveiled a statue of Jackson outside the club's stadium, Craven Cottage.[331] Fulham fans were bemused by the statue and failed to understand the relevance of Jackson to the club.[332] Al Fayed defended the statue and told the fans to "go to hell" if they did not appreciate it.[333] The statue was removed in September 2013.[334]
In 2012, in an attempt to end family public feuding, Jackson's brother Jermaine Jackson retracted his signature on a letter made public criticizing executors of Michael Jackson's estate and his mother's advisers concerning the legitimacy of his brother's will.[335] T.J. Jackson, son of Tito Jackson, was given co-guardianship of Michael Jackson's children after false reports surfaced of Katherine Jackson going missing.[336]
On May 16, 2013, choreographer Wade Robson alleged on The Today Show that Jackson "performed sexual acts on me and forced me to perform sexual acts on him" for 7 years, beginning when Robson was 7 years old.[337] Robson had previously testified in defence of Jackson at the singer's 2005 child molestation trial.[338] The attorney for Jackson's estate described Robson's claim as "outrageous and pathetic".[339] The date for the hearing which will determine whether Robson can sue Jackson's estate was scheduled for June 2, 2014.[340] In February 2014, the Internal Revenue Service reported that Jackson's estate owed them $702 million, including $505 million in taxes and $197 million in penalties after they claimed the estate undervalued Jackson's fortune.[341]
On March 31, 2014, Epic Records announced that an album of eight songs of unreleased material culled from past recording sessions would be issued under the title, Xscape.[342] It was released on May 13, 2014.[343] On May 12, 2014, another young man, Jimmy Safechuck, sued Jackson's estate, claiming Jackson sexually abused him "from the age of 10 to about 14 or 15" in the 1980s.[344] During the 2014 Billboard Music Awards on May 18, a "Pepper's ghost" likeness of Jackson appeared, dancing to "Slave to the Rhythm", a song from his second posthumously released album, Xscape.[345]
Artistry
Influences

Silver-colored statue of Jackson standing up with his arms bent inward and both legs spaced apart.

 One of many identical statues, based on Diana Walczak's original HIStory statue, positioned throughout Europe to promote HIStory
Jackson's music took root in R&B, pop and soul. He had been influenced by the work of musicians such as Little Richard, James Brown, Jackie Wilson, Diana Ross, Fred Astaire,[346] Sammy Davis, Jr.,[346] Gene Kelly,[347] David Ruffin,[348] the Isley Brothers, the Bee Gees, and the West Side Story dancers, to whom he made a tribute in "Beat It" and in the "Bad" video.[349] According to David Winters, who met and befriended Jackson while choreographing the 1971 Diana Ross TV special Diana!, Jackson watched West Side Story almost every week and it was his favorite film.[350][351][352] While Little Richard had a substantial influence on Jackson,[353] James Brown was Jackson's greatest inspiration. In reference to Brown, Jackson declared: "Ever since I was a small child, no more than like six years old, my mother would wake me no matter what time it was, if I was sleeping, no matter what I was doing, to watch the television to see the master at work. And when I saw him move, I was mesmerized. I had never seen a performer perform like James Brown, and right then and there I knew that was exactly what I wanted to do for the rest of my life because of James Brown."[354]
The young Michael Jackson owed his vocal technique in large part to Diana Ross. Not only a mother figure to him, she was often observed in rehearsal as an accomplished performer. He later expressed: "I got to know her well. She taught me so much. I used to just sit in the corner and watch the way she moved. She was art in motion. I studied the way she moved, the way she sang  – just the way she was." He told her: "I want to be just like you, Diana." She said: "You just be yourself."[355] But Jackson owed part of his enduring style—especially his use of the oooh interjection—to Ross. From a young age, Jackson often punctuated his verses with a sudden exclamation of oooh. Diana Ross had used this effect on many of the songs recorded with the Supremes.[356]
Musical themes and genres
Unlike many artists, Jackson did not write his songs on paper. Instead he would dictate into a sound recorder, and when recording he would sing the lyrics from memory.[357] In most of his songs, such as "Billie Jean", "Who Is It", and "Tabloid Junkie", he would beatbox and imitate the instruments using his voice instead of playing the actual instruments, along with other sounds. Jackson noted that it is easier to sing a drum line, or sing a bass, instead of playing a drum line or a bass with an instrument. Several critics have said that Jackson's distinct voice was able to replace any instrument convincingly. Steve Huey of Allmusic said that, throughout his solo career, Jackson's versatility allowed him to experiment with various themes and genres.[3] As a musician, he ranged from Motown's dance fare and ballads to techno and house-edged new jack swing to work that incorporates both funk rhythms and hard rock guitar.[137][358][359]

Black and white photo of Jackson holding a microphone and singing

 Jackson in 1988, performing live at his record-breaking Bad world tour
According to Huey, Thriller refined the strengths of Off the Wall; the dance and rock tracks were more aggressive, while the pop tunes and ballads were softer and more soulful.[3] Notable tracks included the ballads "The Lady in My Life", "Human Nature" and "The Girl Is Mine"; the funk pieces "Billie Jean" and "Wanna Be Startin' Somethin'"; and the post-disco set "Baby Be Mine" and "P.Y.T. (Pretty Young Thing)".[3][358][359][360][361] With Thriller, Christopher Connelly of Rolling Stone commented that Jackson developed his long association with the subliminal theme of paranoia and darker imagery.[361] Allmusic's Stephen Thomas Erlewine noted this is evident on the songs "Billie Jean" and "Wanna Be Startin' Somethin'".[359] In "Billie Jean", Jackson sings about an obsessive fan who alleges he has fathered a child of hers.[3] In "Wanna Be Startin' Somethin'" he argues against gossip and the media.[361] "Beat It" decried gang violence in an homage to West Side Story, and was Jackson's first successful rock cross-over piece, according to Huey.[3][137] He also observed that the title track "Thriller" began Jackson's interest with the theme of the supernatural, a topic he revisited in subsequent years.[3] In 1985, Jackson co-wrote the charity anthem "We Are the World"; humanitarian themes later became a recurring theme in his lyrics and public persona.[3]




"Thriller"







One of Jackson's signature pieces, "Thriller", released as a single in 1984, utilizes cinematic sound effects, horror film motifs and vocal trickery to convey a sense of danger.[45]


"Smooth Criminal"







A single from the album Bad, released 1988, "Smooth Criminal" features digital drum sounds, keyboard-created bass lines and other percussion elements designed to give the impression of a pulsing heart.[362]


"Black or White"







The lead single from Dangerous, the danceable hard rock song "Black or White" was one of Jackson's most successful recordings.[363][364] It contains many features of Jackson's vocal style, including the vocal hiccup he is known for.

Problems playing these files? See media help.
In Bad, Jackson's concept of the predatory lover can be seen on the rock song "Dirty Diana".[365] The lead single "I Just Can't Stop Loving You" is a traditional love ballad, while "Man in the Mirror" is an anthemic ballad of confession and resolution. "Smooth Criminal" was an evocation of bloody assault, rape and likely murder.[115] Allmusic's Stephen Thomas Erlewine states that Dangerous presents Jackson as a very paradoxical individual.[366] He comments the album is more diverse than his previous Bad, as it appeals to an urban audience while also attracting the middle class with anthems like "Heal the World".[366] The first half of the record is dedicated to new jack swing, including songs like "Jam" and "Remember the Time".[367] The album is Jackson's first where social ills become a primary theme; "Why You Wanna Trip on Me", for example, protests against world hunger, AIDS, homelessness and drugs.[367] Dangerous contains sexually charged efforts such as the multifaceted love song, "In the Closet".[367] The title track continues the theme of the predatory lover and compulsive desire.[367] The second half includes introspective, pop-gospel anthems such as "Will You Be There", "Heal the World" and "Keep the Faith"; these songs show Jackson opening up about various personal struggles and worries.[367] In the ballad "Gone Too Soon", Jackson gives tribute to his friend Ryan White and the plight of those with AIDS.[368]
HIStory creates an atmosphere of paranoia.[369] Its content focuses on the hardships and public struggles Jackson went through just prior to its production. In the new jack swing-funk-rock efforts "Scream" and "Tabloid Junkie", along with the R&B ballad "You Are Not Alone", Jackson retaliates against the injustice and isolation he feels, and directs much of his anger at the media.[370] In the introspective ballad "Stranger in Moscow", Jackson laments over his "fall from grace", while songs like "Earth Song", "Childhood", "Little Susie" and "Smile" are all operatic pop pieces.[369][370] In the track "D.S.", Jackson launched a verbal attack against Tom Sneddon. He describes Sneddon as an antisocial, white supremacist who wanted to "get my ass, dead or alive". Of the song, Sneddon said, "I have not—shall we say—done him the honor of listening to it, but I've been told that it ends with the sound of a gunshot".[371] Invincible found Jackson working heavily with producer Rodney Jerkins.[3] It is a record made up of urban soul like "Cry" and "The Lost Children", ballads such as "Speechless", "Break of Dawn", and "Butterflies" and mixes hip-hop, pop, and R&B in "2000 Watts", "Heartbreaker" and "Invincible".[372][373]
Vocal style
Jackson sang from childhood, and over time his voice and vocal style changed noticeably. Between 1971 and 1975, Jackson's voice descended from boy soprano to high tenor.[374] His vocal range as an adult was F2-E♭6. Jackson first used a technique called the "vocal hiccup" in 1973, starting with the song "It's Too Late to Change the Time" from the Jackson 5's G.I.T.: Get It Together album.[375] Jackson did not use the hiccup technique—somewhat like a gulping for air or gasping—fully until the recording of Off the Wall: it can be seen in full force in the "Shake Your Body (Down to the Ground)" promotional video.[41] With the arrival of Off the Wall in the late 1970s, Jackson's abilities as a vocalist were well regarded. At the time, Rolling Stone compared his vocals to the "breathless, dreamy stutter" of Stevie Wonder. Their analysis was also that "Jackson's feathery-timbred tenor is extraordinarily beautiful. It slides smoothly into a startling falsetto that's used very daringly".[376][377] 1982 saw the release of Thriller, and Rolling Stone was of the opinion that Jackson was then singing in a "fully adult voice" that was "tinged by sadness".[361]
A distinctive deliberate mispronunciation of "come on", used frequently by Jackson, occasionally spelled "c'mon", "cha'mone", or "shamone", is also a staple in impressions and caricatures of him.[378] The turn of the 1990s saw the release of the introspective album Dangerous. The New York Times noted that on some tracks, "he gulps for breath, his voice quivers with anxiety or drops to a desperate whisper, hissing through clenched teeth" and he had a "wretched tone".[367] When singing of brotherhood or self-esteem the musician would return to "smooth" vocals.[367] When commenting on Invincible, Rolling Stone were of the opinion that—at the age of 43—Jackson still performed "exquisitely voiced rhythm tracks and vibrating vocal harmonies".[379] Nelson George summed up Jackson's vocals by stating "The grace, the aggression, the growling, the natural boyishness, the falsetto, the smoothness—that combination of elements mark him as a major vocalist".[362]
Very concerned about a transparent rendition of this identity, the sound engineer Bruce Swedien opted for some technical approaches and studio strategies aiming at keeping as truly as possible the singer’s intimate and natural expressions: mikes, analogic recordings, special techniques elaborated to design vocal prisms, creation of natural acoustic spaces, conversion of stereophonic fields in tri-dimensional sound spaces playing with early reflections, plywood, Monstercable or Tubetraps.[380]
Music videos and choreography
Jackson has also been referred to as the King of Music Videos.[381] Steve Huey of Allmusic observed how Jackson transformed the music video into an art form and a promotional tool through complex story lines, dance routines, special effects and famous cameo appearances, simultaneously breaking down racial barriers.[3] Before Thriller, Jackson struggled to receive coverage on MTV, allegedly because he was African American.[382] Pressure from CBS Records persuaded MTV to start showing "Billie Jean" and later "Beat It", leading to a lengthy partnership with Jackson, also helping other black music artists gain recognition.[383] MTV employees deny any racism in their coverage, or pressure to change their stance. MTV maintains that they played rock music, regardless of race.[384] The popularity of his videos on MTV helped to put the relatively young channel "on the map"; MTV's focus shifted in favor of pop and R&B.[383][385] His performance on Motown 25: Yesterday, Today, Forever changed the scope of live stage show; "That Jackson lip-synced 'Billie Jean' is, in itself, not extraordinary, but the fact that it did not change the impact of the performance is extraordinary; whether the performance was live or lip-synced made no difference to the audience" thus creating an era in which artists re-create the spectacle of music video imagery on stage.[386] Short films like Thriller largely remained unique to Jackson, while the group dance sequence in "Beat It" has frequently been imitated.[387] The choreography in Thriller has become a part of global pop culture, replicated everywhere from Indian films to prisons in the Philippines.[388] The Thriller short film marked an increase in scale for music videos, and has been named the most successful music video ever by the Guinness World Records.[139]
In the 19-minute music video for "Bad"—directed by Martin Scorsese—Jackson began using sexual imagery and choreography not previously seen in his work. He occasionally grabbed or touched his chest, torso and crotch. When asked by Oprah in the 1993 interview about why he grabbed his crotch, he replied, "I think it happens subliminally" and he described it as something that was not planned, but rather, as something that was compelled by the music. "Bad" garnered a mixed reception from both fans and critics; Time magazine described it as "infamous". The video also featured Wesley Snipes; in the future Jackson's videos would often feature famous cameo roles.[108][389] For the "Smooth Criminal" video, Jackson experimented with an anti-gravity lean where the performer leans forward at a 45 degree angle, beyond the performer's center of gravity. To accomplish this move live, Jackson and designers developed a special shoe that locks the performer's feet to the stage, allowing them to lean forward. They were granted U.S. Patent 5,255,452 for the device.[390] Although the music video for "Leave Me Alone" was not officially released in the US, in 1989 it was nominated for three Billboard Music Video Awards;[391] the same year it won a Golden Lion Award for the quality of the special effects used in its production. In 1990, "Leave Me Alone" won a Grammy for Best Music Video, Short Form.[136]
He received the MTV Video Vanguard Award in 1988 and the MTV Video Vanguard Artist of the Decade Award in 1990 to celebrate his accomplishments in the art form in the 1980s; in 1991 the first award was renamed in his honor.[154] "Black or White" was accompanied by a controversial music video, which, on November 14, 1991, simultaneously premiered in 27 countries with an estimated audience of 500 million people, the largest viewing ever for a music video at that time.[153] It featured scenes construed as having a sexual nature as well as depictions of violence. The offending scenes in the final half of the 14-minute version were edited out to prevent the video from being banned, and Jackson apologized.[392] Along with Jackson, it featured Macaulay Culkin, Peggy Lipton, and George Wendt. It helped usher in morphing as an important technology in music videos.[393]
"Remember the Time" was an elaborate production, and became one of his longest videos at over nine minutes. Set in ancient Egypt, it featured groundbreaking visual effects and appearances by Eddie Murphy, Iman, and Magic Johnson, along with a distinct complex dance routine.[394] The video for "In the Closet" was Jackson's most sexually provocative piece. It featured supermodel Naomi Campbell in a courtship dance with Jackson. The video was banned in South Africa because of its imagery.[154]
The music video for "Scream", directed by Mark Romanek and production designer Tom Foden, is one of Jackson's most critically acclaimed. In 1995, it gained 11 MTV Video Music Award Nominations—more than any other music video—and won "Best Dance Video", "Best Choreography", and "Best Art Direction".[395] The song and its accompanying video are a response to the backlash Jackson received from the media after being accused of child molestation in 1993.[396] A year later, it won a Grammy for Best Music Video, Short Form; shortly afterwards Guinness World Records listed it as the most expensive music video ever made at a cost of $7 million.[203][397]
"Earth Song" was accompanied by an expensive and well-received music video that gained a Grammy nomination for Best Music Video, Short Form in 1997. The video had an environmental theme, showing images of animal cruelty, deforestation, pollution and war. Using special effects, time is reversed so that life returns, wars end, and the forests re-grow.[203][398] Released in 1997 and premiering at the 1996 Cannes Film Festival, Michael Jackson's Ghosts was a short film written by Jackson and Stephen King and directed by Stan Winston. The video for Ghosts is over 38 minutes long and holds the Guinness World Record as the world's longest music video.[203][212][399][400]
Legacy and influence
See also: Records and achievements of Michael Jackson and List of artists influenced by Michael Jackson

Pink star with a gold colored rim and the writing "Michael Jackson" in its center. The star is indented into the ground and is surrounded by a marble-colored floor.

 Jackson's star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame, set in 1984
The media has commonly referred to Jackson as the "King of Pop" because, throughout his career, he transformed the art of music videos and paved the way for modern pop music. The Daily Telegraph writer Tom Utley described Jackson in 2003 as "extremely important" and a "genius".[401] For much of his career, he had an "unparalleled" level of worldwide influence over the younger generation through his musical and humanitarian contributions.[205] Jackson's music and videos, such as Thriller, fostered racial diversity in MTV's roster, helped to put the relatively new channel into public awareness, and steered the channel's focus from rock to pop music and R&B, shaping the channel into a form that proved enduring. Jackson's work continues to influence numerous hip hop, rock, pop and R&B artists. BET described Jackson "as quite simply the greatest entertainer of all time" and someone who "revolutionized the music video and brought dances like the moonwalk to the world. Jackson's sound, style, movement and legacy continues to inspire artists of all genres."[402]
Allmusic's Steve Huey describes Jackson as "an unstoppable juggernaut, possessed of all the skills to dominate the charts seemingly at will: an instantly identifiable voice, eye-popping dance moves, stunning musical versatility and loads of sheer star power".[3] In the mid-1980s, Time magazine's pop music critic, Jay Cocks, noted "Jackson is the biggest thing since the Beatles. He is the hottest single phenomenon since Elvis Presley. He just may be the most popular black singer ever".[70] In 1990, Vanity Fair cited Jackson as the most popular artist in the history of show business.[136] In 2007, Jackson said, "Music has been my outlet, my gift to all of the lovers in this world. Through it, my music, I know I will live forever."[403]
Shortly after Jackson's death, on June 25, 2009, MTV briefly returned to its original music video format to celebrate and pay tribute to his work.[404] The channel aired many hours of Jackson's music videos, accompanied by live news specials featuring reactions from MTV personalities and other celebrities. The temporary shift in MTV's programming culminated the following week in the channel's live coverage of Jackson's memorial service.[405] At the memorial service on July 7, 2009, founder of Motown Records Berry Gordy proclaimed Jackson as "the greatest entertainer that ever lived".[406][407][408]
In 2010, two university librarians found that Jackson's influence extended into academia, and has been mentioned in scholarly literature pertaining to a range of subject matter.[409][410] The two researchers combed through various scholars' writings, and compiled an annotated bibliography of those writings. The bibliography located references to Jackson in research reports concerning music, popular culture, chemistry and an array of other topics.[409][411]
Honors and awards
See also: List of awards and nominations received by Michael Jackson



Thriller platinum record on display at the Hard Rock Cafe, Hollywood in Universal City, California
Michael Jackson was inducted onto the Hollywood Walk of Fame in 1980 as member of the Jacksons and in 1984 as solo artist. Throughout his career he received numerous honors and awards, including the World Music Awards' Best-Selling Pop Male Artist of the Millennium, the American Music Award's Artist of the Century Award and the Bambi Pop Artist of the Millennium Award.[218][412] He was a double-inductee of the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame, once as a member of The Jackson 5 in 1997 and later as a solo artist in 2001. Jackson was also inducted in several other halls of fame, including Vocal Group Hall of Fame (as a Jackson 5 member) in 1999 and the Songwriters Hall of Fame in 2002.[218] In 2010, Jackson was inducted into the Dance Hall of Fame as the first (and currently only) dancer from the world of pop and rock 'n' roll.[413] In 2014, Jackson was inducted into the second class of inductees to the Rhythm and Blues Music Hall of Fame; his father Joe Jackson accepted on his behalf.[414]
His awards include many Guinness World Records (eight in 2006 alone),[415] 13 Grammy Awards (as well as the Grammy Legend Award and the Grammy Lifetime Achievement Award), 26 American Music Awards (including the "Artist of the Century" and "Artist of the 1980s")—more than any artist—, 13 number one singles in the US in his solo career—more than any other male artist in the Hot 100 era[416]—and estimated sales of over 450 million records worldwide,[417][418][Note 1] which makes him one of the best selling artists of all time.[419][420][421][422][423] On December 29, 2009, the American Film Institute recognized Jackson's death as a "moment of significance" saying, "Michael Jackson's sudden death in June at age 50 was notable for the worldwide outpouring of grief and the unprecedented global eulogy of his posthumous concert rehearsal movie This Is It."[424] Michael Jackson also received a Doctor of Humane Letters Degree from the United Negro College Fund[425] and also an Honorary Doctorate of Humane Letters from Fisk University.[426]
Earnings and wealth
It is estimated that Michael Jackson earned about $750 million in his lifetime.[427] Sales of his recordings through Sony's music unit earned him an estimated $300 million in royalties. He may have also earned an additional $400 million from concerts, music publishing (including his share of the Beatles catalog) endorsements, merchandising and music videos. Estimating how much of these earnings Jackson was able to personally pocket is difficult because one has to account for taxes, recording costs and production costs.[428]
There have also been several detailed estimates of Jackson's net worth and these range from negative $285 million to positive $350 million.
Michael Jackson's estimated net-worth over the years

Year
Assets
Debt
Net worth
Source
2002 $130 million $415 million -$285 million Forensic accountant in 2005 recalling Jackson's 2002 balance sheet under oath[429]
2003 $550 million ($100 million in properties including Neverland ranch; Encino and Las Vegas homes and other properties and $450 million in music holdings including 50% stake in Sony ATV and other music publishing) $200 million $350 million Forbes magazine, November 21, 2003[430]
2007 $567.6 million (includes 50% share of the Sony/ATV catalog valued at $390.6 million, Neverland valued at $33 million, cars, antiques, collectibles and other property valued at $20 million, and $668,215 in cash) $331 million $236 million Michael Jackson's March 2007 statement of financial condition prepared by Washington-based accounting firm Thompson, Cobb, Bazilio & Associates; described by CBS News as the clearest account yet of Jackson's finances.[431]
U.S. Federal estate tax problems
On July 26, 2013, the executors of the Estate of Michael Jackson filed a petition in the United States Tax Court as a result of a dispute with the Internal Revenue Service (IRS) over U.S. federal estate taxes imposed on the value of Jackson's Estate at the time of his death. The executors of the Estate claim that the Estate was worth about $7 million. The IRS asserts that the Estate was worth over $1.1 billion, and that over $700 million in federal estate taxes (including penalties) are due.[432][433]
Discography
Main articles: Michael Jackson albums discography and Michael Jackson singles discography
See also: Jackson 5 discography
Got to Be There (1972)
Ben (1972)
Music & Me (1973)
Forever, Michael (1975)
Off the Wall (1979)
Thriller (1982)
Bad (1987)
Dangerous (1991)
HIStory: Past, Present and Future, Book I (1995)
Invincible (2001)
Filmography
See also: Michael Jackson videography
The Wiz (1978)
Captain EO (1986)
Moonwalker (1988)
Michael Jackson's Ghosts (1997)
Men in Black II (2002)
Miss Cast Away and the Island Girls (2004)
Michael Jackson's This Is It (2009)
Bad 25 (2012)
Michael Jackson: The Last Photo Shoot (2014)
Tours
Main article: List of concert tours by Michael Jackson and the Jackson 5
Bad (1987–89)
Dangerous World Tour (1992–93)
HIStory World Tour (1996–97)
MJ & Friends (1999)
This Is It (2009–10; cancelled)
See also

Portal icon Michael Jackson portal
Portal icon The Jackson Family portal
Portal icon African American portal
Book icon Book: Michael Jackson

Honorific nicknames in popular music
List of cover versions of Michael Jackson songs
List of songs recorded by Michael Jackson
List of unreleased Michael Jackson songs
Michael Jackson-related games
Personal relationships of Michael Jackson
Notes
Note 1^
According to The Wall Street Journal and diverse news sites, the 750 million units sold by Michael Jackson is an inflated figure that was initially claimed by Raymone Bain (2006),[434][435] who was the singer's publicist at that time, without any factual evidence and probably in an effort to promote album sales.[436][437] From 2006 until present time, several sources such as MTV, Reuters, and Billboard have claimed that Michael Jackson has sold 750 million units, however, Adrian Strain, a representative from the International Federation of the Phonographic Industry (IFPI) has said that this figure is unreal.
References
Citations
1.Jump up ^ Novack, Janet (October 3, 2014). "IRS: We Made A Mistake Valuing Michael Jackson's Estate". Forbes. Retrieved November 7, 2014.
2.Jump up ^ County of Los Angeles Department of Health Services. (2009). Michael Jackson death certificate.
3.^ Jump up to: a b c d e f g h i j k Huey, Steve. "Michael Jackson—Biography". AllMusic. Retrieved November 11, 2006.
4.Jump up ^ Browne, David (November 29, 1991). "Michael Jackson's Black or White Blues". Entertainment Weekly. Retrieved July 3, 2009. "[A] highly placed source at MTV says the network was obligated to refer to Jackson on air as the King of Pop in order to be allowed to show "Black or White." An MTV spokeswoman denies that, but the phrase was part of MTV's ads for the video and was repeatedly used by its VJs. A source at Fox confirms that Jackson's people did request that Bart use the phrase "King of Pop" in the video and that the phrase also be used in the network's press releases; 'King of Pop' also crops up in Fox's print ads for the video and in press releases by Jackson's publicists, Solters/Roskin/Friedman."
5.Jump up ^ "He wears the crown as the King Of Pop because no artist has broken his record of selling nearly 60 million copies of a single Album (Thriller)", in Lewis, p. 3
6.Jump up ^ Lewis, Monica (June 14, 2007). "20 People Who Changed Black Music: Michael Jackson, the Child Star-Turned-Adult Enigma". The Miami Herald. Retrieved March 16, 2013.
7.Jump up ^ Trust, Gary. "Michael Jackson, Coldplay Hit Hot 100's Top 10; John Legend Still No. 1". Billboard. Retrieved May 23, 2014.
8.Jump up ^ Orth, Maureen (April 2003). "Losing His Grip". Vanity Fair. Retrieved March 17, 2013.[dead link]
9.Jump up ^ Mankiewicz, Josh (September 3, 2004). "New details about 1993 Jackson case". NBC News. Retrieved December 13, 2012.
10.Jump up ^ "Hazarika's funeral creates world record". MSN. July 8, 2009.
11.Jump up ^ Jackson, Michael (2009) [First published 1988]. Moonwalk. Random House. p. 26. ISBN 0-307-71698-8.
12.Jump up ^ Young, Julie (Fall 2009). "A Hoosier Thriller: Gary, Indiana’s Michael Jackson". Traces of Indiana and Midwestern History (Indianapolis: Indiana Historical Society) 21 (4): 18. Retrieved February 24, 2014.
13.Jump up ^ Young, p. 17 and 19.
14.Jump up ^ Young, p. 18—19.
15.^ Jump up to: a b c d George, p. 20
16.Jump up ^ Taraborrelli, p. 14
17.^ Jump up to: a b Michael Jackson's Secret Childhood, VH1, June 20, 2008.
18.Jump up ^ Taraborrelli, pp. 20–22
19.Jump up ^ Can Michael Jackson's demons be explained?, BBC, June 27, 2009.
20.Jump up ^ "Jackson interview seen by 14m". BBC News. February 4, 2003. Retrieved March 16, 2013.
21.Jump up ^ Young, p. 24.
22.Jump up ^ Daniel Schechter, Erica Willheim (2009). "The Effects of Violent Experience and Maltreatment on Infants and Young Children". In Charles H. Zeanah (Ed.). Handbook of Infant Mental Health—3rd Edition. New York: Guilford Press, Inc. pp. 197–214.
23.Jump up ^ Taraborrelli, p. 602
24.^ Jump up to: a b Lewis, pp. 165–168
25.Jump up ^ https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ldyRUqGN3XA
26.Jump up ^ http://www.foxnews.com/story/2003/02/07/michael-jackson-unacceptable-behavior-revealed.html
27.Jump up ^ http://edition.cnn.com/2009/SHOWBIZ/Music/07/21/joe.jackson/index.html?iref=24hours
28.Jump up ^ https://celebrity.yahoo.com/video/jackson-brothers-joe-jackson-abusive-170000051.html
29.^ Jump up to: a b The Jackson Five, Rock and Roll Hall of Fame. Retrieved March 16, 2013.
30.Jump up ^ Young, p. 21—22.
31.Jump up ^ rsiwebadmin (August 25, 2009). "Triumph & Tragedy: The Life of Michael Jackson". Rolling Stone. Retrieved January 30, 2014.
32.Jump up ^ Young, p. 22.
33.Jump up ^ Young, p. 21.
34.Jump up ^ Taraborrelli, p. 59—69
35.Jump up ^ "Michael jackson bio". Rolling Stone. p. 1. Retrieved October 4, 2012.
36.Jump up ^ Taraborrelli, p. 81–82.
37.^ Jump up to: a b Young, p. 25
38.Jump up ^ McNulty, Bernadette (June 26, 2009). "Michael Jackson's Music: The Solo Albums". The Telegraph (London). Retrieved January 31, 2014.
39.Jump up ^ Taraborrelli, p. 98–99.
40.Jump up ^ Alban, Debra (June 28, 2009). "Michael Jackson Broke Down Racial Barriers". Black in America 2 (CNN). Retrieved January 24, 2012.
41.^ Jump up to: a b c George, p. 22
42.Jump up ^ Taraborrelli, pp. 138–144
43.Jump up ^ "The Wiz (1978)". Internet Movie Database. Retrieved January 31, 2014.
44.Jump up ^ Taraborrelli, p. 178–79.
45.^ Jump up to: a b George, p. 23
46.^ Jump up to: a b Taraborrelli, pp. 205–210
47.^ Jump up to: a b Young, p. 25.
48.^ Jump up to: a b George, pp. 37–38
49.Jump up ^ "Michael Jackson is born – History.com This Day in History – August 29, 1958". The History Channel. Retrieved December 26, 2010.
50.Jump up ^ Michael Jackson: Off the Wall, Virgin Media. Retrieved December 12, 2008.
51.Jump up ^ "Donna Summer and Michael Jackson sweep Annual American Music Awards". Lakeland Ledger. January 20, 1980. Retrieved June 16, 2010.
52.Jump up ^ "Donna No. 1, Pop and Soul; Michael Jackson King of Soul". The Afro American. February 2, 1980. Retrieved June 16, 2010.
53.Jump up ^ "Few Surprises In Music Awards". Sarasota Herald. February 1, 1981. Retrieved June 16, 2010.
54.Jump up ^ Taraborrelli, p. 188
55.Jump up ^ Taraborrelli, p. 191
56.^ Jump up to: a b c d e f g "Grammy Awards Past Winners Search". The Recording Academy. 2014. Retrieved January 29, 2014.
57.^ Jump up to: a b "Michael Jackson sweeps American Music Awards". Daily News. January 17, 1984. Retrieved June 16, 2010.
58.Jump up ^ "MICHAEL HE'S NOT JUST THE ROCK STAR OF THE YEAR, HE'S THE ROCK STAR OF THE '80S". Philadelphia Inquirer. December 20, 1983. Retrieved July 5, 2010.
59.Jump up ^ "Cash register's ring sweet music to record industry". Gasden Times. March 26, 1984. Retrieved July 5, 2010.
60.Jump up ^ RIAA Diamond Awards, Recording Industry Association of America. Retrieved October 28, 2009.
61.Jump up ^ Gitlin, Martin (2011). The Baby Boomer Encyclopedia. ABC-CLIO. p. 196.
62.Jump up ^ Lewis, p. 47
63.Jump up ^ Anderson, Kyle (July 20, 2009). "Michael Jackson's Thriller Set To Become Top-Selling Album Of All Time". MTV (Viacom International Inc.). Retrieved January 31, 2014.
64.^ Jump up to: a b c Grammy Awards Past Winners Search, National Academy of Recording Arts and Sciences. Retrieved February 14, 2008.
65.Jump up ^ "Winners Search: Search Results for "Michael Jackson"". Dick Clark Productions. Retrieved January 31, 2014.
66.^ Jump up to: a b Dobuzinskis, Alex (December 30, 2009). "Jackson "Thriller" film picked for U.S. registry". Thomas Reuters. Reuters. Retrieved July 2, 2011.
67.Jump up ^ "Zorro, Nemo, Muppets & More: Wide Variety Tapped for 2009 Film Registry". Library of Congress. January–February 2010. Retrieved January 29, 2014.
68.^ Jump up to: a b Itzkoff, Dave (December 30, 2009). "'Thriller' Video Added to U.S. Film Registry". The New York Times. Retrieved April 28, 2010.
69.Jump up ^ "Michael Jackson". CNN. December 30, 2009. Retrieved April 17, 2010.
70.^ Jump up to: a b c Cocks, Jay (March 19, 1984). "Why He's a Thriller". Time. Retrieved April 25, 2010.
71.Jump up ^ Taraborrelli, p. 226
72.Jump up ^ Pareles, John. Michael Jackson at 25: A Musical Phenomenon, The New York Times, January 14, 1984.
73.Jump up ^ Williams, Janette (June 25, 2009). "Michael Jackson left indelible mark on Pasadena". Whittier (Calif.) Daily News. Retrieved January 30, 2014.
74.^ Jump up to: a b "Fatal Cardiac Arrest Strikes Michael Jackson". Emmys.tv. June 25, 2009. Retrieved June 11, 2012.
75.Jump up ^ Taraborrelli, p. 243–44
76.Jump up ^ Taraborrelli, p. 234–37
77.Jump up ^ Taraborrelli, pp. 238–41
78.Jump up ^ Kisselgoff, Anna. Dancing feet of Michael Jackson, The New York Times, March 6, 1988.
79.Jump up ^ "Berry Gordy Addresses Michael Jackson Memorial Service Sound Clip and Quote". Hark. Retrieved March 16, 2013.
80.^ Jump up to: a b c d e Herrera, Monica (July 3, 2009). "Michael Jackson, Pepsi Made Marketing History". Billboard. Retrieved January 31, 2014.
81.Jump up ^ Story, Louise (December 31, 2007). "Philip B. Dusenberry, 71, Adman, Dies". The New York Times. Retrieved July 17, 2009.
82.Jump up ^ Taraborrelli, pp. 279–287
83.Jump up ^ "Beyonce and Pepsi Strike Estimated $50 Million Multi-Level Partnership" (BLOG). Hip Hop Media Training. December 10, 2012. Retrieved January 31, 2014.
84.Jump up ^ Taraborrelli, pp. 304–307
85.Jump up ^ "Drunk Driving Prevention (1983 – Present)". Advertising Education Foundation. Retrieved January 31, 2014.
86.Jump up ^ Taraborrelli, p. 320
87.Jump up ^ Taraborrelli, p. 314
88.Jump up ^ Taraborrelli, pp. 315–320
89.^ Jump up to: a b "Past Winners Search". The Recording Academy. 2014. Retrieved January 29, 2014.
90.^ Jump up to: a b c d e f Doyle, Jack (July 7, 2009). "Michael & McCartney, 1990s–2009". The Pop History Dig.
91.^ Jump up to: a b "Bruce shows who's Boss". The Gazette. Montreal. January 28, 1986. Retrieved June 16, 2010.
92.Jump up ^ Grammy Awards Past Winners Search, National Academy of Recording Arts and Sciences. Retrieved February 14, 2008.
93.Jump up ^ Campbell, Lisa D (1993). Michael Jackson: the King of Pop. Branden Books. p. 114. ISBN 978-0-8283-1957-7.
94.Jump up ^ Taraborrelli, pp. 340–344
95.^ Jump up to: a b c d e f g Hilburn, Robert (September 22, 1985). "The long and winding road". Los Angeles Times.
96.^ Jump up to: a b c Taraborrelli, pp. 333–338
97.^ Jump up to: a b c "Paul McCartney refused an offer to buy the ATV Catalog for £20 million". Audio & transcript of McCartney at a 1990 press conference. November 13, 2010.
98.^ Jump up to: a b "Michael Jackson 1958–2009". Today Tonight. June 25, 2009. Coverage of the sale of ATV Music at 2:36 minutes in. Retrieved January 12, 2011.
99.^ Jump up to: a b c Campbell (1995), pp. 14–16
100.Jump up ^ Taraborrelli, pp. 434–436
101.Jump up ^ "Michael Jackson case report" (PDF). TMZ.com. Retrieved September 10, 2010.
102.^ Jump up to: a b c Jackson, pp. 229–230
103.Jump up ^ Taraborrelli, pp. 312–313
104.Jump up ^ "Michael Jackson Secret Boyfriend Claims Draw Fury". National Ledger. May 8, 2010. Retrieved July 2, 2011.
105.^ Jump up to: a b "Music's misunderstood superstar". BBC. June 13, 2005. Retrieved July 14, 2008.
106.Jump up ^ Goldberg, Michael; Handelman, David (September 24, 1987). "Is Michael Jackson for Real?". Rolling Stone.
107.Jump up ^ Taraborrelli, pp. 355–361
108.^ Jump up to: a b Taraborrelli, pp. 370–373
109.Jump up ^ Abimboye, Demola (July 5, 2009). "The Man, His Weird Ways". Newswatch. Archived from the original on October 22, 2012. Retrieved October 24, 2009.
110.Jump up ^ Jackson, Michael (September 12, 1997). Jackson interview with Barbara Walters. Interview with Barbara Walters. 20/20. ABC.
111.Jump up ^ Taraborrelli, p. vii
112.Jump up ^ George, p. 41
113.Jump up ^ "Captain EO is Back to Change the World". Movies.ign.com. February 23, 2010. Retrieved August 22, 2010.
114.Jump up ^ Johnson, Robert E. (September 1987). "Michael Jackson Comes Back!". Ebony 42 (11): 143, 149. ISSN 0012-9011., Jackson, Katherine (October 1990). "Mother of Jackson Family Tells All". Ebony 45 (12): 66. ISSN 0012-9011.
115.^ Jump up to: a b Cocks, Jay. The Badder They Come, Time, September 14, 1987.
116.Jump up ^ Leopold, Todd (June 6, 2005). "Michael Jackson: A life in the spotlight". CNN. Retrieved May 5, 2008.
117.Jump up ^ "Michael Jackson Bad album set for re-release". The Daily Telegraph (London). November 9, 2011. Retrieved May 25, 2012.
118.Jump up ^ "50 fastest selling albums ever". NME. 2011. Retrieved May 25, 2012.
119.Jump up ^ Kaufman, Gil (2010). "Michael Jackson's New Album Cover Decoded Painting is packed with iconic MJ images". MTV. Retrieved May 25, 2012.
120.Jump up ^ Sinha-Roy, Piya (May 21, 2012). "Michael Jackson is still "Bad," 25 years after". Reuters. Retrieved May 22, 2012.
121.Jump up ^ "25th Anniversary Of Michael Jackson's Landmark Album Bad Celebrated With September 18 Release Of New Bad 25 Packages". Yahoo!. May 21, 2012. Archived from the original on November 14, 2012. Retrieved May 24, 2012.
122.Jump up ^ "Michael Jackson's Bad To Get 25th Anniversary Release". contactmusic. May 21, 2012. Retrieved May 25, 2012.
123.Jump up ^ "Michael, Travis top Music Award winners". Lodi News-Sentinel. January 30, 1989. Retrieved June 16, 2010.
124.Jump up ^ "American Music Awards Monday". The Modesto Bee. January 27, 1989.
125.Jump up ^ Campbell, Lisa D (1993). Michael Jackson: the King of Pop. Branden Books. p. 251. ISBN 978-0-8283-1957-7.
126.Jump up ^ "JACKSON TOUR ON ITS WAY TO U.S.". San Josè Mercury News. January 12, 1988. Retrieved July 5, 2010.
127.Jump up ^ "Winners of American Music Awards". Lodi News-Sentinel. January 26, 1988. Retrieved June 16, 2010.
128.^ Jump up to: a b Lewis, pp. 95–96
129.Jump up ^ Harrington, Richard (January 12, 1988). "Jackson to Make First Solo U.S. Tour". The Washington Post. Retrieved March 16, 2013.
130.Jump up ^ "16 of Michael Jackson's Greatest Non-Musical Achievements". brainz.org. Retrieved April 12, 2013.
131.Jump up ^ "Michael Jackson Career Statistics". statisticbrain.com. Retrieved April 12, 2013.
132.Jump up ^ "Michael Jackson The Immortal World Tour". cirquedusoleil.com. Retrieved April 12, 2013.
133.Jump up ^ Shanahan, Mark and Golstein, Meredith (June 27, 2009). "Remembering Michael". Boston Globe. Retrieved March 14, 2010.
134.Jump up ^ Jackson, pp. 29–31
135.Jump up ^ George, p. 42
136.^ Jump up to: a b c d e George, pp. 43–44
137.^ Jump up to: a b c "Michael Jackson: Biography", Rolling Stone. Retrieved February 14, 2008.
138.^ Jump up to: a b Gunderson, Edna (February 19, 2007). "For Jackson, scandal could spell financial ruin". USA Today. Retrieved March 14, 2010.
139.^ Jump up to: a b c "Jackson receives his World Records". Yahoo!. November 14, 2006. Archived from the original on May 27, 2011. Retrieved November 16, 2006.
140.Jump up ^ Press references to Jackson as a music "king" appeared as early as 1984 after he swept the Grammy Awards, and "king of pop" appeared as early as 1987. MTV and Fox used the title in joint press releases and ads for the "Black or White" video at Jackson's request, but MTV denied a report that VJs were required to use it on-camera. Writers described the title as self-proclaimed from then on.
141.Jump up ^ Arar, Yardena (February 29, 1984). "Michael Jackson coronated latest king of rock 'n' roll". Boca Raton News. p. 7A.
142.Jump up ^ "Is the thrill gone for singer Michael Jackson?". Sacramento Bee. July 27, 1987. p. B3.
143.Jump up ^ Browne, David (November 29, 1991). "Michael Jackson's Black or White Blues". Entertainment Weekly.
144.Jump up ^ Campbell (1993) pp. 260–263
145.Jump up ^ Remarks on the Upcoming Summit With President Mikhail Gorbachev of the Soviet Union, April 5, 1990.
146.Jump up ^ "Blacks Who Give Something Back". Ebony. March 1990. p. 68.
147.Jump up ^ Taraborrelli, p. 382
148.Jump up ^ "Michael Jackson's Life & Legacy: The Eccentric King Of Pop (1986–1999)". MTV News. July 6, 2009. Retrieved August 22, 2010.
149.Jump up ^ Gray, Chris; Shah, Saeed (October 3, 2002). "Robbie swings historic record deal with EMI". The Independent (London). Retrieved March 24, 2010.
150.^ Jump up to: a b c d "Gold and Platinum". Recording Industry Association of America. Retrieved April 27, 2008.
151.Jump up ^ "Michael Jackson sulla sedia a rotelle". Affaritaliani. August 11, 2008. Retrieved May 10, 2009.
152.Jump up ^ Carter, Kelley L. (August 10, 2008). "New jack swing". Chicago Tribune. Retrieved December 19, 2010.
153.^ Jump up to: a b c d e f "The return of the King of Pop". MSNBC. November 2, 2006. Retrieved June 8, 2008.
154.^ Jump up to: a b c d e f g George, pp. 45–46
155.Jump up ^ "Garth Brooks ropes in most Billboard awards". The Beaver County Times. December 10, 1992. Retrieved July 4, 2010.
156.Jump up ^ Taraborrelli, p. 459
157.Jump up ^ Harrington, Richard (February 5, 1992). "Jackson to Tour Overseas". The Washington Post.
158.Jump up ^ Taraborrelli, pp. 452–454
159.Jump up ^ "Stars line up for Clinton celebration". Daily News of Los Angeles. January 19, 1993.
160.Jump up ^ Smith, Patricia (January 20, 1992). "Facing the music and the masses at the presidential gala". Boston Globe.
161.^ Jump up to: a b c d Johnson, Robert (May 1992). "Michael Jackson: crowned in Africa". Ebony. pp. 34–43.
162.Jump up ^ Sandomir, Richard (June 29, 2009). "How Jackson Redefined the Super Bowl". The New York Times. Retrieved June 8, 2013.
163.Jump up ^ "Cyrus, Bolton please the fans". Toledo Blade. January 27, 1993. Retrieved June 16, 2010.
164.^ Jump up to: a b "1993: Michael Jackson accused of child abuse". BBC. February 8, 2003. Retrieved November 11, 2006.
165.Jump up ^ Taraborrelli, pp. 485–486
166.^ Jump up to: a b c Taraborrelli, pp. 477–478
167.Jump up ^ Taraborrelli, pp. 496–498
168.Jump up ^ Newton, James (January 25, 1994). "Boy's Father in Jackson's Case Won't Be Charged: Investigation: Singer claimed parent of alleged molestation victim tried to extort money from him. D.A. says decision not to prosecute is unrelated to reports that settlement is near.". Los Angeles Times. Retrieved June 18, 2014.
169.Jump up ^ "Jackson Vs. the State of California – Michael Jackson" (PDF). Superior Court of California. 2005.
170.Jump up ^ "Jackson's Books About Boys Are Allowed as Evidence in Trial" By JOHN M. BRODER Published: April 30, 2005. Retrieved June 16, 2014.
171.^ Jump up to: a b c Taraborrelli, pp. 534–540
172.Jump up ^ Orth, Maureen (May 1, 2005). The Importance of Being Famous: Behind the Scenes of the Celebrity-Industial Complex. Henry Holt and Company. p. 331. ISBN 978-0-8050-7847-3.
173.Jump up ^ "The Case Against Michael Jackson: The Telltale "Splotch". The Smoking Gun. January 6, 2005. Retrieved May 2, 2011.
174.Jump up ^ Vigoda, Arlene. "Photos May Contradict Michael Jackson's Accuser." USA Today. January 28, 1994: Pg. 2.
175.Jump up ^ "Photos May Contradict Michael's Accuser (abstract, full text available for pay)". USA Today. McLean, Va. January 28, 1994.
176.Jump up ^ "Photos May Contradict Michael's Accuser (full text)"USA Today. McLean, Va. January 28, 1994.
177.Jump up ^ "Superior Court of the State of California For the County of Santa Barbara Santa Maria Division" (PDF). 2005. p. 4.
178.Jump up ^ Dimond, Diane. Be Careful Who You Love: Inside the Michael Jackson Case. pp. 13–15.
179.Jump up ^ "Superior Court of the State of California For the County of Santa Barbara Santa Maria Division" (PDF). 2004. p. 4.
180.Jump up ^ "Photos May Contradict Michael's Accuser". USA Today. Mjeol.com. January 28, 1994. Retrieved March 16, 2013.
181.Jump up ^ Campbell (1995), pp. 47–50
182.Jump up ^ "Jackson Grand Jury Disbanded – 1994.". May 2, 1994. Retrieved March 16, 2013.
183.Jump up ^ "STATEMENT OF DECLINATION ISSUED JOINTLY BY THE DISTRICT ATTORNEY'S OFFICES OF LOS ANGELES AND SANTA BARABARA COUNTIES. September 21, 1994". atgbook.net. Archived from the original on December 25, 2005. Retrieved October 26, 2010.
184.^ Jump up to: a b Attorneys for Michael Jackson (March 22, 2005). "Objection to Subpoena of Settlement Document" (PDF). Superior Court of California.
185.Jump up ^ Taraborrelli, pp. 540–545
186.Jump up ^ "Michael Jackson's $15 Million Payoff". The Smoking Gun. June 16, 2004. Retrieved March 16, 2013.
187.Jump up ^ Newton, Jim (February 5, 1994). "Grand Jury to convene in Jackson Case Law: Sources close to the investigation say a panel in Santa Barbara will hear testimony next week about alleged molestation of boy.". Los Angeles Times. Retrieved June 25, 2010.
188.Jump up ^ "Jackson Attorney: FBI Files Are 'Almost Vindication'" December 23, 2009. By LEE FERRAN and EILEEN MURPHY|ABCNews|Retrieved June 16, 2014.
189.Jump up ^ "Police Say Seized Tapes Do Not Incriminate Jackson : Investigation: Officials continue to interview children in connection with molestation allegations". August 27, 1993. Retrieved June 18, 2014.
190.Jump up ^ "Tapes Used to Allege Plot to Extort Jackson Released : Inquiry: Singer's aides provide purported comments by boy's father, who has told friends allegations are untrue.". August 31, 1993. Retrieved June 18, 2014.
191.Jump up ^ Taraborrelli, pp. 500–507
192.Jump up ^ Gliatto, Tom (August 15, 1994). "Neverland Meets Graceland". People.
193.^ Jump up to: a b c Taraborrelli, pp. 518–520
194.Jump up ^ Taraborrelli, p. 510
195.^ Jump up to: a b "She's Out Of His Life". CNN. January 18, 1996. Retrieved July 24, 2008.
196.Jump up ^ Taraborrelli, pp. 562–564
197.^ Jump up to: a b Taraborrelli, pp. 580–581
198.Jump up ^ "Lisa Marie Presley Opens Up About Michael Jackson". Oprah.com. October 21, 2010. Retrieved March 16, 2013.
199.Jump up ^ "Michael Jackson sells rights to Beatles songs to Sony". The New York Times. Associated Press. November 8, 1995. Retrieved March 16, 2013.
200.^ Jump up to: a b Leeds, Jeff (April 13, 2006). "Michael Jackson Bailout Said to Be Close". The New York Times. Retrieved July 23, 2008.
201.Jump up ^ "Top 100 Albums (Page 2)". Recording Industry Association of America. Retrieved April 16, 2008.
202.Jump up ^ Putti, Laura (August 24, 2001). "Il nuovo Michael Jackson fa un tuffo nel passato". La Repubblica. Retrieved May 10, 2009.
203.^ Jump up to: a b c d e f g h George, pp. 48–50
204.Jump up ^ Taraborrelli, pp. 576–577
205.^ Jump up to: a b "ADL happy with Michael Jackson decision". Anti-Defamation League. June 22, 1995. Retrieved July 1, 2008.
206.Jump up ^ "Brooks turns down award for favorite artist of the year". Rome News-Tribune. January 30, 1996. Retrieved June 16, 2010.
207.Jump up ^ Taraborrelli, pp. 570–586
208.Jump up ^ Taraborrelli, p. 597
209.^ Jump up to: a b Taraborrelli, pp. 599–600
210.^ Jump up to: a b "Jackson child custody battle ends". BBC News. September 30, 2006. Retrieved April 25, 2010.
211.^ Jump up to: a b Rojek, Chris (2007). Cultural Studies. Polity. p. 74. ISBN 0-7456-3683-7.
212.^ Jump up to: a b c d Taraborrelli, pp. 610–612
213.Jump up ^ "Ricky Martin, Mariah Carey, Michael Jackson, Others To Join Pavarotti For Benefit". VH1. May 5, 1999. Retrieved May 30, 2008.[dead link]
214.Jump up ^ "Slash, Scorpions, Others Scheduled For 'Michael Jackson & Friends'". VH1. May 27, 1999. Retrieved May 30, 2008.
215.Jump up ^ Rozhon, Tracie (November 16, 2000). "BIG DEAL; An Old Chagall Haunt, Repainted". The New York Times. Retrieved April 10, 2013.
216.Jump up ^ "Lauryn Hill, Backstreet Boys, DMX Honored With American Music Awards". MTV. January 18, 2000. Retrieved June 16, 2010.
217.^ Jump up to: a b c d Taraborrelli, pp. 614–617
218.^ Jump up to: a b c George, pp. 50–53
219.Jump up ^ Burkeman, Oliver (July 7, 2009). "Liveblogging Michael Jackson's funeral and memorial service". The Guardian (London). Retrieved March 16, 2013.
220.^ Jump up to: a b Burkeman, Oliver (July 8, 2002). "Jacko gets tough: but is he a race crusader or just a falling star?". The Guardian (London). Retrieved July 23, 2008.
221.Jump up ^ Jackson, Jermaine (December 31, 2002). Interview with Jermaine Jackson. Interview with Connie Chung. CNN. Connie Chung Tonight. Retrieved July 2, 2008.
222.Jump up ^ "Keys, Destiny's Child, McGraw win at American Music Awards". Lodi-News Sentinel. January 10, 2002. Retrieved June 16, 2010.
223.Jump up ^ "Michael Jackson". Daily Mirror. Retrieved May 29, 2009.
224.Jump up ^ Vineyard, Jennifer (November 20, 2002). "Michael Jackson Calls Baby-Dangling Incident A 'Terrible Mistake'". MTV. Retrieved March 3, 2009.
225.Jump up ^ "BPI Searchable database—Gold and Platinum". British Phonographic Industry.
226.^ Jump up to: a b Taraborrelli, p. 640
227.Jump up ^ "Michael Jackson Bombshell". The Smoking Gun. December 9, 2003. Retrieved June 16, 2014.
228.Jump up ^ Taraborrelli, p. 661
229.Jump up ^ Davis, Matthew (June 6, 2005). "Michael Jackson health concerns". BBC. Retrieved April 14, 2008.
230.Jump up ^ "Michael Jackson jury reaches verdict". The Guardian (London). Associated Press. June 13, 2005. Retrieved July 12, 2008.
231.Jump up ^ Toumi, Habib (January 23, 2006). "Jackson settles down to his new life in the Persian Gulf". Gulf News. Archived from the original on February 12, 2006. Retrieved November 11, 2006.
232.Jump up ^ "Jermaine Jackson reveals escape plan for Michael". Associated Press. September 10, 2011. Retrieved September 24, 2011.
233.Jump up ^ McNamara, Melissa (March 17, 2006). "Jackson Closes Neverland House". CBS News. Retrieved March 16, 2013.
234.Jump up ^ Ackman, Dan (June 14, 2005). "Really Odd Facts About Michael Jackson". Forbes. Retrieved October 7, 2009.
235.Jump up ^ "Jackson strikes deal over loans". BBC News. April 14, 2006. Retrieved April 25, 2010.
236.Jump up ^ "Michael Jackson Sails With Two Seas". Billboard. Retrieved March 16, 2013.
237.^ Jump up to: a b "Jackson parts with Bahrain label". BBC News. September 26, 2006. Retrieved April 25, 2010.
238.Jump up ^ Friedman, Roger (October 21, 2006). "Who's Funding Jackson's Retreat to Irish Recording Studio?". Fox News Channel. Retrieved September 2, 2009.
239.Jump up ^ "2006 World Music Awards". Chiff. Archived from the original on February 4, 2008. Retrieved February 13, 2008.
240.Jump up ^ Reid, Shaheem (December 30, 2006). "James Brown Saluted By Michael Jackson at Public Funeral Service". MTV. Retrieved March 16, 2013.
241.Jump up ^ "Michael Jackson buys rights to Eminem tunes and more,". Rolling Stone. May 31, 2007.
242.Jump up ^ Wardrop, Murray (June 27, 2009). "Michael Jackson: the unreleased album". The Daily Telegraph (London). Retrieved March 19, 2010.
243.Jump up ^ "Interview With RedOne". HitQuarters. March 23, 2009. Retrieved March 19, 2010.
244.Jump up ^ Talmadge, Eric (March 8, 2007). "Michael Jackson 'wouldn't change' career". USA Today. Associated Press. Retrieved March 16, 2013.
245.Jump up ^ Halaby, Valerie. "Michael Jackson was long-time U.S. Military supporter". Clarity Digital Group LLC. Retrieved August 7, 2013.
246.Jump up ^ "Will.i.am On Working With Michael Jackson". Rolling Stone. September 24, 2007.
247.^ Jump up to: a b "Zona Musical" (in Spanish). zm.nu. Retrieved April 5, 2008.[dead link]
248.Jump up ^ "Thriller the best selling album of all time". digitalproducer. February 20, 2008. Retrieved April 6, 2008.[dead link]
249.Jump up ^ "Michael Jackson Thriller 25". ultratop.be. Retrieved April 6, 2008.
250.Jump up ^ Friedman, Roger (May 16, 2008). "Jacko: Neverland East in Upstate New York". Fox News Channel. Retrieved May 22, 2008.
251.Jump up ^ "Choose The Tracks On Michael Jackson's 50th Birthday Album!". Sony BMG. June 20, 2008. Archived from the original on June 30, 2009. Retrieved June 20, 2008.
252.Jump up ^ "Michael Jackson—King of Pop". acharts.us. Retrieved September 11, 2008.
253.Jump up ^ "King of Pop". ultratop.be. Retrieved September 5, 2008.
254.Jump up ^ "Neverland peters out for pop's Peter Pan". The Sydney Morning Herald. November 13, 2008. Retrieved November 20, 2008.
255.Jump up ^ "Jacko gives up Neverland ranch deed". Press Association. (November 16, 2008).
256.Jump up ^ Adams, Susan (April 14, 2009). "Ten Most Expensive Michael Jackson Collectibles". Forbes. Retrieved April 14, 2009.
257.Jump up ^ "Michael Jackson Exhibition – 2009". Juliensauctions.com. April 25, 2009. Retrieved September 2, 2009.
258.Jump up ^ "Michael Jackson: The fantastic possessions revealed – Americas, World". The Independent (London). June 26, 2009. Retrieved September 2, 2009.
259.Jump up ^ Foster, Patrick (March 6, 2009). "Michael Jackson grand finale curtain-raiser". The Times (London). Archived from the original on March 6, 2009. Retrieved March 24, 2009.
260.Jump up ^ Kreps, Daniel (March 12, 2009). "Michael Jackson's "This Is It!" Tour Balloons to 50-Show Run Stretching Into 2010". Rolling Stone.
261.Jump up ^ "Michael Jackson: The Last Rehearsal". Life. June 29, 2009. Archived from the original on July 4, 2009. Retrieved August 28, 2009.
262.Jump up ^ "Michael Jackson dead at 50 after cardiac arrest". CNN. June 25, 2009. Retrieved August 31, 2009.
263.Jump up ^ "Christian Audigier Michael Jackson Clothing Collection Confirmed". Popcrunch.com. June 24, 2008. Retrieved January 4, 2011.
264.Jump up ^ "Michael Jackson Christian Audigier Clothing Line Was in the Works". Popcrunch.com. July 2, 2009. Retrieved January 4, 2011.
265.Jump up ^ Eng, Joyce (August 10, 2009). "Judge Approves Michael Jackson Film". TV Guide. Retrieved August 10, 2009.
266.Jump up ^ "This is It (2009)". Box Office Mojo. Retrieved January 16, 2010.
267.Jump up ^ "Judge OKs Jackson performance film deal". MSNBC. Associated Press. August 10, 2009. Retrieved March 3, 2010.
268.Jump up ^ Herrera, Monica (September 23, 2009). "New Michael Jackson Song, Album Due In October". Billboard. Retrieved March 3, 2010.
269.Jump up ^ "Taylor Swift, Michael Jackson dominate American Music Awards nominations (Updated)". Los Angeles Times. October 13, 2009. Retrieved October 14, 2009.
270.Jump up ^ "2009 American Music Awards: Scorecard". Los Angeles Times. November 22, 2009. Retrieved November 23, 2009.
271.^ Jump up to: a b Harvey, Michael (June 26, 2009). "Fans mourn artist for whom it didn't matter if you were black or white". The Times (London). Archived from the original on June 26, 2009. Retrieved June 26, 2009.
272.Jump up ^ "Los Angeles Fire Department recording of the emergency phone call made from Michael Jackson's home". BBC. June 26, 2009. Retrieved June 27, 2009.
273.Jump up ^ "Transcript of 911 call". Yahoo! News. June 26, 2009.
274.Jump up ^ "Singer Michael Jackson dead at 50-Legendary pop star had been preparing for London comeback tour". MSNBC. June 25, 2009. Retrieved June 25, 2009.
275.Jump up ^ Moore, Matthew (June 26, 2009). "Michael Jackson, King of Pop, dies of cardiac arrest in Los Angeles". The Daily Telegraph (London). Retrieved June 27, 2009.
276.Jump up ^ Tourtellotte, Bob (June 25, 2009). "King of Pop Michael Jackson is dead: official". Reuters. Retrieved June 25, 2009.
277.Jump up ^ Rawlinson, Linnie; Hunt, Nick (June 27, 2009). "Jackson dies, almost takes Internet with him". CNN. Retrieved March 16, 2013.
278.Jump up ^ Shiels, Maggie. Web slows after Jackson's death, BBC News, June 26, 2009.
279.Jump up ^ Phoebe. "The King of Pop vs. Wikipedia", The Wikipedia Signpost, June 29, 2009; see October 2009 stats
280.Jump up ^ Wood, Daniel B (June 27, 2009). "Outpouring over Michael Jackson unlike anything since Princess Di". The Christian Science Monitor. Retrieved March 16, 2013.
281.^ Jump up to: a b Skok, David (June 26, 2009). "Internet stretched to limit as fans flock for Michael Jackson news". The Vancouver Sun. Archived from the original on July 3, 2009.
282.^ Jump up to: a b Wortham, Jenna (June 25, 2009). "Michael Jackson Tops the Charts on Twitter". The New York Times. Retrieved March 16, 2013.
283.Jump up ^ Krazit, Tim; McCullagh, Declan (June 26, 2009). "Debate: Can the Internet handle big breaking news?". CNET. Retrieved March 16, 2013.
284.Jump up ^ Stelter, Brian (June 26, 2009). "MTV's Jackson Marathon". The New York Times. Retrieved March 16, 2013.
285.Jump up ^ "Jacko news spreads to Eastenders". Metro. June 26, 2009.
286.Jump up ^ "Over 1.6M apply for Jackson memorial tickets". TODAY.com. Associated Press. July 4, 2009. Retrieved March 16, 2013.
287.Jump up ^ "Michael Jackson memorial draws crowds online". CNN. July 8, 2009. Retrieved June 11, 2012.
288.Jump up ^ "Michael Jackson Memorial Earns 31 Million Viewers & More TV News". Aoltv.com. July 9, 2009. Retrieved June 11, 2012.
289.Jump up ^ Allen, Nick (July 7, 2009). "Michael Jackson memorial service: the biggest celebrity send-off of all time". The Daily Telegraph (London). Retrieved March 16, 2013.
290.Jump up ^ Potter, Andrew (July 7, 2009). "There was nothing strange about your daddy". Maclean's. Retrieved March 16, 2013.
291.Jump up ^ Branigan, Tania (September 8, 2001). "Jackson spends £20m to be Invincible". The Guardian (London). Retrieved July 23, 2008.
292.Jump up ^ "Top Moments: Michael Jackson Memorial". TV Guide. July 7, 2009. Retrieved March 17, 2013.
293.Jump up ^ "Rev Lucious Smith on conducting the memorial service for Michael Jackson". Radio Live. June 28, 2010. Retrieved March 16, 2013.
294.Jump up ^ Burgess, Kaya (August 24, 2009). "LA coroner to treat Michael Jackson's death as a homicide". The Times (London). Retrieved August 24, 2009.
295.Jump up ^ "Jackson 'had lethal drug levels'". BBC News. August 25, 2009. Retrieved August 25, 2009.
296.Jump up ^ Doheny, Kathleen; Chang, Louise; Vila Jr, Hector (August 24, 2009). "Propofol Linked to Michael Jackson's Death". WebMD. Retrieved August 25, 2009.
297.Jump up ^ "Michael Jackson's doctor charged with manslaughter". BBC News. February 9, 2010. Retrieved February 8, 2010.
298.Jump up ^ Coleman, Mark (September 4, 2009). "Michael Jackson finally laid to rest in Los Angeles". The Daily Telegraph (London). Retrieved September 8, 2009.
299.Jump up ^ Wells, Jason (June 25, 2010). "One year later: Fans gather to pay tribute to Michael Jackson". Glendale News-Press (Los Angeles). Retrieved June 25, 2010.
300.Jump up ^ EFE (June 26, 2010). "Familia y fans de Jackson le recuerdan en el aniversario de su muerte". La Vanguardia (Los Angeles). Retrieved June 26, 2010.
301.Jump up ^ "Michael Jackson's kids play in the sea in Hawaii as fans mourn his death one year on". Daily Mirror. June 26, 2010. Retrieved September 26, 2013.
302.Jump up ^ Baichwal, Ravi (June 25, 2010). "Fans honor Michael Jackson in Gary, Indiana". Gary, Ind.: WLS. Retrieved June 25, 2010.
303.Jump up ^ Mccartney, Anthony (June 23, 2010). "A year after Michael Jackson's death, fan base remains committed to keeping memory alive". Los Angeles. Associated Press. Retrieved June 23, 2010.
304.Jump up ^ Romero, Dennis (June 4, 2010). "MJ fans plan to march in downtown L.A. one day after anniversary". LAWeekly (Los Angeles). Retrieved June 5, 2010.[dead link]
305.Jump up ^ Gimenez-Llort, Lydia (June 26, 2010). "M4mj 'forever Michael' 4 For Fans Use Only! from WN". WN (Los Angeles). Retrieved July 20, 2010.
306.Jump up ^ "An amazing tribute: The Jackson Family Foundation & VoicePlate Productions presents "Forever Michael."". Michael Jackson Official site (Los Angeles). June 26, 2010. Retrieved June 6, 2010.[dead link]
307.Jump up ^ "Aniversario de muerte de Michael Jackson pasará sin grandes homenajes". EFE (Los Angeles). June 26, 2010. Retrieved March 16, 2013.
308.Jump up ^ Caulfield, Keith (January 6, 2010). "Taylor Swift Edges Susan Boyle for 2009's Top-Selling Album". Billboard. Retrieved January 7, 2010.
309.Jump up ^ "Jackson sells 35 million albums since death – Entertainment – Access Hollywood". MSNBC. June 25, 2010. Retrieved June 30, 2010.
310.Jump up ^ Van, Eliot (July 1, 2009). "Michael Jackson First Artist to Sell Over 1 Million Downloads in a Single Week". Wired. Retrieved June 11, 2012.
311.Jump up ^ Caulfield, Keith (September 14, 2009). "Taylor Swift Edges Susan Boyle For 2009's Top-Selling Album". Billboard. Retrieved June 11, 2012.
312.^ Jump up to: a b Smith, Ethan (March 16, 2010). "Sony Places Big Bet on a Fallen 'King'". The Wall Street Journal. Retrieved March 17, 2010.
313.Jump up ^ Kreps, Daniel (March 16, 2010). "Michael Jackson Estate, Sony Strike Massive 250 Million Deal to Release King of Pop's Music". Rolling Stone. Retrieved November 9, 2011.
314.Jump up ^ "MICHAEL Album Announcement". Breakingnews.michaeljackson.com. Retrieved November 4, 2010.
315.Jump up ^ "Michael Jackson in 'record' $200m music deal". BBC News. March 16, 2009. Retrieved March 17, 2010.
316.Jump up ^ "Michael Jackson Fans Will Moonwalk In Motion-Sensing Game". Billboard. Associated Press. September 14, 2009. Retrieved March 16, 2013.
317.Jump up ^ Hicks, Tony. "People: Cirque du Soleil mounting Michael Jackson tour". San Jose Mercury News. Retrieved November 7, 2010.
318.Jump up ^ "Cirque plans $57M touring Jackson show". CBC News. November 3, 2010. Retrieved March 16, 2013.
319.Jump up ^ "Where to see Cirque du Soleil's Michael Jackson tour". The Independent (London). November 5, 2010. Retrieved November 7, 2010.
320.Jump up ^ "Michael Jackson 'Immortal' tour opens advance ticket sales". The Independent (London). November 4, 2010. Retrieved November 7, 2010.
321.Jump up ^ "IMMORTAL, the highly anticipated musical tapestry for Cirque du Soleil’s Michael Jackson THE IMMORTAL World Tour". Sony Music Entertainment. Retrieved October 4, 2011.[dead link]
322.Jump up ^ Jones, Chris (July 13, 2013). "Review: 'Michael Jackson ONE' by Cirque du Soleil". Chicago Tribune. Retrieved September 27, 2013.
323.Jump up ^ Lane, Richard (July 3, 2013). "Michael Jackson ONE Becomes The One Show You Must See In Vegas". VegasChatter. Retrieved September 27, 2013.
324.Jump up ^ "Michael Jackson's New Vegas Show 'One' Will Double The Fun". Forbes. February 22, 2013. Retrieved September 27, 2013.
325.Jump up ^ Yancey, Kitty (February 21, 2013). "Cirque tells more about new Michael Jackson Vegas show". USA Today. Retrieved March 19, 2013.
326.Jump up ^ "Freddie Mercury – Collaborations: Michael Jackson". Ultimatequeen.co.uk. Retrieved September 27, 2014.
327.Jump up ^ Michael Jackson: the king of pop. Books.google.com. Retrieved September 27, 2014.
328.Jump up ^ "There Must Be More To Life Than This". Ultimatequeen.co.uk. Retrieved September 27, 2014.
329.Jump up ^ "Queen set to release Freddie Mercury and Michael Jackson duets in 2012". NME.COM. November 11, 2011. Retrieved September 27, 2014.
330.Jump up ^ Coulehan, Erin (July 29, 2013). "Michael Jackson Duets With Freddie Mercury Set for Release". Rolling Stone Magazine. Retrieved August 29, 2013.
331.Jump up ^ "English Premier League: Fans can 'go to hell', says Fulham owner Mohamed Al Fayed". BBC News. April 3, 2011. Retrieved July 6, 2012.
332.Jump up ^ Ronay, Barney (April 1, 2011). "Fulham fans cry foul over 'bizarre' Michael Jackson statue". The Guardian (London). Retrieved April 20, 2011.
333.Jump up ^ "Michael Jackson Fulham FC statue defended by Al Fayed". BBC. April 3, 2011. Retrieved April 20, 2011.
334.Jump up ^ Rice, Simon (September 25, 2013). "Michael Jackson is HIStory: Controversial statue removed from Fulham stadium Craven Cottage". The Independent (London). Retrieved September 26, 2013.
335.Jump up ^ "Jermaine calls for an end to Jackson family feud". BBC News. August 2, 2012. Retrieved October 3, 2012.
336.Jump up ^ "Michael Jackson nephew made co-guardian of children". BBC News. August 23, 2012. Retrieved October 3, 2012.
337.Jump up ^ Pow, Helen (May 16, 2013). "Wade Robson: Michael Jackson 'molested me for SEVEN years and said I'd go to jail for the rest of my life if I told anyone'". Daily Mail (London). Retrieved January 16, 2014.
338.Jump up ^ Broder, John (May 6, 2005). "2 Witnesses Say They Shared Jackson's Bed and Were Never Molested". The New York Times. Retrieved January 16, 2014.
339.Jump up ^ "Michael Jackson Estate Calls Wade Robson's Molestation Claims 'Pathetic'". MTV News. May 8, 2013. Retrieved January 16, 2014.
340.Jump up ^ Heger, Jen (October 10, 2013). "D-Day For Michael Jackson Molestation Accuser: Trial Scheduled To Determine If Wade Robson Can Sue Estate". Radar Online. Retrieved January 16, 2014.
341.Jump up ^ Gottlieb, Jeff (February 7, 2014). "Michael Jackson estate embroiled in tax fight with IRS". Los Angeles Times. Retrieved February 10, 2014.
342.Jump up ^ "New Michael Jackson album to be released in May". March 31, 2014. Retrieved April 2, 2014.
343.Jump up ^ "New Michael Jackson Album 'Xscape' to Be Released in May". Billboard. March 31, 2014. Retrieved February 4, 2014.
344.Jump up ^ Dimond, Diane. "Exclusive: Michael Jackson Hit With New Sex Abuse Claim". The Daily Beast. Retrieved May 13, 2014.
345.Jump up ^ "Michael Jackson Hologram Rocks Billboard Music Awards: Go Behind the Scenes". Billboard. May 18, 2014. Retrieved June 18, 2014.
346.^ Jump up to: a b Tucker, Ken (June 5, 1988). "SUMMER READING; FIRING YOUR FATHER ISN'T EASY". The New York Times. p. 2. Archived from the original on July 26, 2012. Retrieved July 26, 2012.
347.Jump up ^ "Why People Still Dance Like Gene Kelly". Slate. Retrieved October 5, 2012.
348.Jump up ^ "100 Greatest Singers: David Ruffin". Rolling Stone. 2008. Retrieved March 16, 2013.
349.Jump up ^ Jones, Jel D. Lewis (2005). Michael Jackson, the king of pop: the big picture : the music! the man! the legend! the interviews : an anthology. Amber Books Publishing. ISBN 978-0-9749779-0-4.
350.Jump up ^ "David Winters remembers Michael Jackson " Magick Papers & Nightlife Thailand". Magickpapers.com. Retrieved May 16, 2011.
351.Jump up ^ "Thank you BigBearJohn: here's also David Winters". Democratic Underground. Retrieved May 16, 2011.
352.Jump up ^ "Remembering Michael Jackson, On Screen". indieWIRE. Retrieved May 16, 2011.
353.Jump up ^ "Michael Jackson saved my life". Scarborough Evening News. Retrieved June 28, 2009.
354.Jump up ^ "James Brown – Jackson Attends Brown's Public Funeral". Contactmusic.com. January 2, 2007. Retrieved September 2, 2009.[dead link]
355.Jump up ^ Taraborrelli, p. 60
356.Jump up ^ Taraborrelli, p. 64
357.Jump up ^ Taraborrelli, pp. 209–210
358.^ Jump up to: a b Heyliger, M. "Thriller by Michael Jackson". Consumerhelpweb.com. Archived from the original on December 4, 2008. Retrieved March 12, 2011. "Not many artists could pull off such a variety of styles (funk, post-disco, rock, easy listening, ballads) back then...."
359.^ Jump up to: a b c Erlewine, Stephen Thomas. "Thriller Overview". AllMusic. Retrieved June 15, 2008.
360.Jump up ^ Henderson, Eric (2003). "Michael Jackson:Thriller". Slant Magazine. Retrieved June 15, 2008.
361.^ Jump up to: a b c d Connelly, Christopher (January 28, 1983). "Michael Jackson: Thriller". Rolling Stone.
362.^ Jump up to: a b George, p.24
363.Jump up ^ "Michael Jackson Dangerous Review". Sony Music Entertainment. 2001. Archived from the original on December 4, 2005. Retrieved August 27, 2008.
364.Jump up ^ Ramage, John D.; Bean, John C.; Johnson, June (2001). Writing arguments: a rhetoric with readings. Allyn and Bacon. p. 491. ISBN 0-205-31745-6. "'Black or White', described by the record company as 'a rock 'n' roll dance song about racial harmony'"
365.Jump up ^ Pareles, Jon (September 3, 1987). "How good is Jackson's Bad?". The New York Times. Retrieved July 23, 2008.
366.^ Jump up to: a b Erlewine, Stephen Thomas. "Dangerous Overview". AllMusic. Retrieved June 15, 2008.
367.^ Jump up to: a b c d e f g Pareles, Jon (November 24, 1991). "Michael Jackson in the Electronic Wilderness". The New York Times. Retrieved July 23, 2008.
368.Jump up ^ Harrington, Richard (November 24, 1991). "Jackson's 'Dangerous' Departures; Stylistic Shifts Mar His First Album in 4 Years". The Washington Post.
369.^ Jump up to: a b Erlewine, Stephen Thomas. "Michael Jackson HIStory Overview". AllMusic. Retrieved June 15, 2008.
370.^ Jump up to: a b Hunter, James (August 10, 1995). "Michael Jackson HIStory". Rolling Stone.
371.Jump up ^ "Thomas W. (Tom) Sneddon, Jr". ndaa.org. Archived from the original on January 2, 2008. Retrieved July 12, 2008.
372.Jump up ^ Erlewine, Stephen Thomas. "Michael Jackson:Invincible". AllMusic. Retrieved September 9, 2007.
373.Jump up ^ Beaumont, Mark (November 30, 2001). "Michael Jackson: Invincible". NME. Retrieved July 23, 2008.
374.Jump up ^ Brackett, pp. 414
375.Jump up ^ The Complete Guide to the Music of Michael Jackson & The Jackson Family by Geoff Brown. 164 pages, Omnibus Press
376.Jump up ^ Erlewine, Stephen Thomas. "Off the Wall Overview". AllMusic. Retrieved June 15, 2008.
377.Jump up ^ Holden, Stephen (November 1, 1979). "Off the Wall: Michael Jackson". Rolling Stone.
378.Jump up ^ Lewarne, Rory (July 26, 2004). "Pink Grease". Music News. Retrieved August 10, 2008.
379.Jump up ^ Hunter, James (December 6, 2001). "Michael Jackson: Invincible". Rolling Stone.
380.Jump up ^ Isabelle Stegner-Petitjean, "“The Voice in the Mirror”. Michael Jackson: from a vocal identity to its double in sound", Volume!, n° 8–2, Nantes: Éditions Mélanie Seteun, pp. 222–253.
381.Jump up ^ Chery, Carl: XXL: Michael Jackson Special Collecters Edition, page 95. American Press.
382.Jump up ^ "Michael Jackson, "Billie Jean," directed by Steve Barron, produced by Simon Fields & Paul Flattery,". Blender. October 2005.
383.^ Jump up to: a b Gundersen, Edna (August 25, 2005). "Music videos changing places". USA Today. Retrieved July 23, 2008.
384.Jump up ^ "Why it took MTV so long to play black music videos". Jet. October 9, 2006. Retrieved September 2, 2009.
385.Jump up ^ Robinson, Bryan (February 23, 2005). "Why Are Michael Jackson's Fans So Devoted?". ABC News. Retrieved April 6, 2007.
386.Jump up ^ Inglis, Ian (2006). Performance and popular music: history, place and time. Ashgate Publishing. pp. 119, 127. ISBN 978-0-7546-4057-8.
387.Jump up ^ Jackson, Michael. Thriller Special Edition Audio.
388.Jump up ^ "Philippine jailhouse rocks to Thriller". BBC. July 27, 2007. Retrieved April 11, 2009.
389.Jump up ^ Corliss, Richard (September 6, 1993). "Who's Bad?". Time. Retrieved April 23, 2008.
390.Jump up ^ US Michael J. Jackson, Michael L. Bush, Dennis Tompkins: "Method and means for creating anti-gravity illusion", filed June 29, 1992, issued October 26, 1993 5255452
391.Jump up ^ Campbell, Lisa D. Michael Jackson: The King of Pop, p. 273.
392.Jump up ^ Michael Jackson Dangerous on Film VHS/DVD
393.Jump up ^ Campbell (1993), p. 303
394.Jump up ^ Campbell (1993), pp. 313–314
395.Jump up ^ Boepple, Leanne (November 1, 1995). Scream: Space Odyssey, Jackson-Style.(video production; Michael and Janet Jackson video) 29. Theatre Crafts International. p. 52. ISSN 1063-9497.
396.Jump up ^ Bark, Ed (June 26, 1995). "Michael Jackson Interview Raises Questions, Answers". St. Louis Post-Dispatch. p. 06E.
397.Jump up ^ Guinness World Records 2006
398.Jump up ^ Michael Jackson HIStory on Film volume II VHS/DVD
399.Jump up ^ Lewis, pp. 125–126
400.Jump up ^ Guinness World Records 2004
401.Jump up ^ Utley, Tom (March 8, 2003). "Of course Jackson's odd—but his genius is what matters". The Daily Telegraph (London). Retrieved July 23, 2008.
402.Jump up ^ "Michael Jackson". Search.bet.com. Retrieved June 11, 2012.
403.Jump up ^ Monroe, Bryan (December 2007). "Michael Jackson in His Own Words". Ebony.
404.Jump up ^ Barnes, Brokes (June 25, 2009). "A Star Idolized and Haunted, Michael Jackson Dies at 50". The New York Times. Retrieved July 12, 2009.
405.Jump up ^ "More adds, loose ends, and lament". The 120 Minutes Archive. July 25, 2009. Retrieved February 15, 2014.
406.Jump up ^ "Farewell to a King". People. July 20, 2009.
407.Jump up ^ "Berry Gordy-Brings Mourners To Their Feet With Jackson Tribute". Contact Music. July 7, 2009. Retrieved November 26, 2009.
408.Jump up ^ "Michael Jackson hailed as greatest entertainer, best dad". Reuters UK. July 8, 2009. Retrieved November 26, 2009.
409.^ Jump up to: a b Chandler, Cory. "Librarians Prove Michael Jackson Was a Rock Star in Academic Literature". Texas Tech University. Retrieved June 6, 2010.
410.Jump up ^ Hidalgo, Susan and Weiner, Robert G. (2010). "Wanna Be Startin' Somethin': MJ in the Scholarly Literature: A Selected Bibliographic Guide" (PDF). The Journal of Pan African Studies 3 (7): 14–28.
411.Jump up ^ Hidalgo and Weiner (2010), p. 25.
412.Jump up ^ "Michael Jackson and Halle Berry Pick Up Bambi Awards in Berlin". Hello!. November 22, 2002. Retrieved July 23, 2008.
413.Jump up ^ "Photos: Michael Jackson induction ceremony". NewsTimes. August 15, 2010. Retrieved September 10, 2010.
414.Jump up ^ "R&B Music Hall of Fame sets big weekend to induct sophomore class featuring Michael Jackson, Whitney Houston, Marvin Gaye, Norm N. Nite and more". The Plain Dealer. August 19, 2014. Retrieved September 10, 2014.
415.Jump up ^ "Michael Jackson Named Most Successful Entertainer Of All Time". CityNews. November 15, 2006. Retrieved March 19, 2010.
416.Jump up ^ "Hot 100 Anniversary: Most No. 1s By Artist". Billboard. Retrieved March 16, 2013.
417.Jump up ^ Rothman, Michael (August 29, 2013). "Happy 55th Birthday Michael Jackson - His Top 10 Moments". ABC News. American Broadcasting Company. Retrieved September 11, 2013.
418.Jump up ^ Desk, Entertainment (June 25, 2013). "Michael Jackson's death anniversary observed worldwide". Dhaka Tribune. Retrieved September 11, 2013.
419.Jump up ^ Collett-White, Mike (March 11, 2009). "Michael Jackson to add concerts after sellout". Reuters. Retrieved November 10, 2010.
420.Jump up ^ "GRAMMY Legend Award". National Academy of Recording Arts and Sciences. Retrieved September 5, 2011.
421.Jump up ^ "Lifetime Achievement Award". National Academy of Recording Arts and Sciences. Retrieved September 5, 2011.
422.Jump up ^ "List of American Music Awards winners". Sun Journal. January 18, 2000. Retrieved June 16, 2010.
423.Jump up ^ "Santana wins top album honors at American Music Awards". Times Daily. January 18, 2000. Retrieved June 16, 2010.
424.Jump up ^ Serjeant, Jill (December 29, 2009). "Michael Jackson's Death Among 2009's Major Moments". ABC News.
425.Jump up ^ "Michael Jackson Achievements". Michael Jackson. Retrieved January 4, 2011.[dead link]
426.Jump up ^ "Pop Star Michael Jackson Influenced Academics, Received PhD". Discovery.com. June 23, 2010. Retrieved January 4, 2011.
427.Jump up ^ "Stress killed MJ, says ex-publicist". The Times of India. June 27, 2009. Retrieved March 16, 2013.[dead link]
428.Jump up ^ O'Brien, Timothy L (May 14, 2006). "What Happened to the Fortune Michael Jackson Made?". The New York Times. p. 1. Retrieved March 16, 2013.
429.Jump up ^ Deutsch, Linda (March 4, 2005). "Forensic accountant tells court Jackson is in financial straits". U-T San Diego. Retrieved March 16, 2013.
430.Jump up ^ Pulley, Brett (November 21, 2003). "Michael Jackson's Ups And Downs". Forbes. Retrieved March 16, 2013.
431.Jump up ^ "Family: Michael Jackson Had A Will". CBS News. June 30, 2009. Retrieved March 16, 2013.
432.Jump up ^ Jeff Gottlieb, "Michael Jackson estate embroiled in tax fight with IRS," Los Angeles Times, February 7, 2014, at [1].
433.Jump up ^ Estate of Michael J. Jackson v. Commissioner, case no. 017152-13, U.S. Tax Court.
434.Jump up ^ Bain, Raymone. "Michael To Give Away 200 FREE Tickets To Fans, And Discounted Rates". Kingofpop.info. Archived from the original (WEBSITE FROM FANCLUB OF MICHAEL JACKSON) on 2006. Retrieved January 17, 2013.
435.Jump up ^ Bain, Raymone (October 31, 2006). "Statement from Raymone Bain to all fans and fanclubs". Mjtmc.com. Archived from the original (WEBSITE FROM FANCLUB OF MICHAEL JACKSON) on February 26, 2012. Retrieved January 10, 2013.
436.Jump up ^ Lara, David (May 12, 2012). "Michael Jackson's 'Bad' Gets a Revamp and More Inflated Sales!". Impre (ImpreMedia). Retrieved January 17, 2013.
437.Jump up ^ Bialik, Carl (July 15, 2009). "Spun: The Off-the-Wall Accounting of Record Sales". The Wall Street Journal. Retrieved January 17, 2013.
Sources
Brackett, Nathan; Hoard, Christian (2004). The Rolling Stone Album Guide. Fireside. ISBN 0-7432-0169-8.
Campbell, Lisa (1993). Michael Jackson: The King of Pop. Branden. ISBN 0-8283-1957-X.
Campbell, Lisa (1995). Michael Jackson: The King of Pop's Darkest Hour. Branden. ISBN 0-8283-2003-9.
Dineen, Catherine (1993). Michael Jackson: In His Own Words. Omnibus Press. ISBN 0-7119-3216-6.
George, Nelson (2004). Michael Jackson: The Ultimate Collection booklet. Sony BMG.
Giambusso, David (June 25, 2009). "Michael Jackson memorabilia owner recalls turbulent past with musical family". The Star-Ledger (New Jersey).
Grant, Adrian (2005). Michael Jackson: The Visual Documentary. Omnibus Press. ISBN 1-84449-432-2.
Guinness World Records (2003). Guinness World Records 2004. Guinness. ISBN 1-892051-20-6.
Guinness World Records (2005). Guinness World Records 2006. Guinness. ISBN 1-904994-02-4.
Jackson, Michael (2009) [First published 1988]. Moonwalk. Random House. ISBN 978-0-307-71698-9.
Jackson, Michael (2006). My World, The Official Photobook, Vol. 1. Triumph International. ISBN 0-9768891-1-0.
Jones, Bob (2005). Michael Jackson: The Man Behind the Mask. Select Books Inc. ISBN 1-59079-072-3.
Jefferson, Margo (2007). On Michael Jackson. Vintage Books. ISBN 978-0-307-27765-7.
Lewis Jones, Jel D. (2005). Michael Jackson, the King of Pop: The Big Picture: the Music! the Man! the Legend! the Interviews: an Anthology. Amber Books Publishing. p. 3. ISBN 978-0-9749779-0-4.
Noonan, Damien (1994). Michael Jackson (Audio book). Carlton Books. ISBN 1-85797-587-1.
Ramage, John D.; Bean, John C.; Johnson, June (2001). Writing arguments: a rhetoric with readings. Allyn and Bacon. ISBN 0-205-31745-6.
Stegner-Petitjean, Isabelle (2011). ""The Voice in the Mirror". Michael Jackson: from a vocal identity to its double in sound". Volume! / Éditions Mélanie Seteun.
Taraborrelli, J. Randy (2009). Michael Jackson: The Magic, The Madness, The Whole Story, 1958–2009. Terra Alta, WV: Grand Central Publishing, 2009. ISBN 0-446-56474-5.
External links

Find more about
Michael Jackson
 at Wikipedia's sister projects

Search Commons Media from Commons
Search Wikinews News stories from Wikinews
Search Wikiquote Quotations from Wikiquote
Official website
Michael Jackson at the Internet Movie Database
Michael Jackson at MTV
FBI file on Michael Jackson


[show] 
Articles related to Michael Jackson











































































































































































































































Wikipedia book
Category
Portal
WikiProject



















































































































































































































Wikipedia book
Category
Portal
WikiProject












































































































Wikipedia book
Category
Portal


















































Portal






























































































Authority control
WorldCat ·
 VIAF: 27092134 ·
 LCCN: n83133203 ·
 ISNI: 0000 0001 1023 081X ·
 GND: 118711083 ·
 BNF: cb12088047p (data) ·
 BIBSYS: x90702688 ·
 MusicBrainz: f27ec8db-af05-4f36-916e-3d57f91ecf5e ·
 NDL: 00468849 ·
 NKC: jn20000603166
 




 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  


Categories: Michael Jackson
1958 births
2009 deaths
20th-century American male actors
20th-century American businesspeople
20th-century American singers
20th-century American writers
21st-century American male actors
21st-century American businesspeople
21st-century American singers
21st-century American writers
African-American businesspeople
African-American choreographers
African-American film producers
African-American male actors
African-American male dancers
African-American male singers
African-American record producers
African-American rock singers
African-American songwriters
American autobiographers
American beatboxers
American boogie musicians
American chief executives
American dance musicians
American disco musicians
American expatriates in Ireland
American funk singers
American humanitarians
American male dancers
American male film actors
American male pop singers
American male singers
American manslaughter victims
American multi-instrumentalists
American music industry executives
American philanthropists
American record producers
American rhythm and blues singers
American singer-songwriters
American soul singers
American tenors
Boy sopranos
Brit Award winners
Burials at Forest Lawn Memorial Park (Glendale)
Businesspeople from California
Child pop musicians
Drug-related deaths in California
Epic Records artists
Film producers from California
Former Jehovah's Witnesses
Grammy Award winners
Grammy Legend Award
Grammy Lifetime Achievement Award winners
History of Gary, Indiana
Jackson musical family
Male actors from California
Male actors from Indiana
Motown artists
National Museum of Dance Hall of Fame inductees
People acquitted of sex crimes
Musicians from Gary, Indiana
People from Santa Barbara County, California
People with lupus
Rock and Roll Hall of Fame inductees
Shoe designers
Singers from California
Songwriters from California
Songwriters from Indiana
Songwriters Hall of Fame inductees
The Jackson 5 members
World Music Awards winners
Writers from Gary, Indiana
























Navigation menu



Create account
Log in



Article

Talk









Read

View source

View history

















Main page
Contents
Featured content
Current events
Random article
Donate to Wikipedia
Wikipedia store

Interaction
Help
About Wikipedia
Community portal
Recent changes
Contact page

Tools
What links here
Related changes
Upload file
Special pages
Permanent link
Page information
Wikidata item
Cite this page

Print/export
Create a book
Download as PDF
Printable version

Languages
Acèh
Afrikaans
Alemannisch
አማርኛ
Ænglisc
العربية
Aragonés
Armãneashti
Asturianu
Azərbaycanca
বাংলা
Bân-lâm-gú
Беларуская
Беларуская (тарашкевіца)‎
Bikol Central
Bislama
Български
Boarisch
བོད་ཡིག
Bosanski
Brezhoneg
Català
Cebuano
Čeština
Chavacano de Zamboanga
Corsu
Cymraeg
Dansk
Deutsch
Dolnoserbski
Eesti
Ελληνικά
Emiliàn e rumagnòl
Español
Esperanto
Estremeñu
Euskara
فارسی
Føroyskt
Français
Frysk
Gaeilge
Gaelg
Galego
贛語
گیلکی
ગુજરાતી
客家語/Hak-kâ-ngî
한국어
Հայերեն
हिन्दी
Hornjoserbsce
Hrvatski
Ido
Igbo
Ilokano
Bahasa Indonesia
Interlingua
Interlingue
IsiXhosa
IsiZulu
Íslenska
Italiano
עברית
Basa Jawa
ಕನ್ನಡ
Kapampangan
ქართული
Қазақша
Kernowek
Kinyarwanda
Kiswahili
Коми
Kreyòl ayisyen
Kurdî
Ladino
ລາວ
Latina
Latviešu
Lëtzebuergesch
Lietuvių
Limburgs
Lingála
Lumbaart
Magyar
Македонски
Malagasy
മലയാളം
Malti
मराठी
მარგალური
مصرى
مازِرونی
Bahasa Melayu
Baso Minangkabau
Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄
Монгол
မြန်မာဘာသာ
Nāhuatl
Dorerin Naoero
Nederlands
Nedersaksies
नेपाली
नेपाल भाषा
日本語
Napulitano
Nordfriisk
Norsk bokmål
Norsk nynorsk
Occitan
Олык марий
Oʻzbekcha/ўзбекча
ਪੰਜਾਬੀ
پنجابی
Papiamentu
پښتو
Picard
Piemontèis
Tok Pisin
Plattdüütsch
Polski
Português
Qaraqalpaqsha
Ripoarisch
Română
Runa Simi
Русский
Саха тыла
Sámegiella
Gagana Samoa
Scots
Sesotho sa Leboa
Shqip
Sicilianu
සිංහල
Simple English
Slovenčina
Slovenščina
Ślůnski
Soomaaliga
کوردیی ناوەندی
Српски / srpski
Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски
Basa Sunda
Suomi
Svenska
Tagalog
தமிழ்
Taqbaylit
Татарча/tatarça
తెలుగు
ไทย
Тоҷикӣ
Türkçe
Twi
Українська
اردو
ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche
Vèneto
Tiếng Việt
Volapük
Walon
West-Vlams
Winaray
吴语
ייִדיש
Yorùbá
粵語
Zazaki
Zeêuws
Žemaitėška
中文
Edit links
This page was last modified on 2 June 2015, at 07:12.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License; additional terms may apply. By using this site, you agree to the Terms of Use and Privacy Policy. Wikipedia® is a registered trademark of the Wikimedia Foundation, Inc., a non-profit organization.
Privacy policy
About Wikipedia
Disclaimers
Contact Wikipedia
Developers
Mobile view
Wikimedia Foundation
Powered by MediaWiki
  

 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michael_Jackson