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Murder of Laree Slack

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Laree A. Slack (July 4, 1989 – November 11, 2001) was the victim of child abuse that led to her death. She was whipped with "an inch-thick section of rubberized electrical cable filled with strands of wire"[1] repeatedly [2] and died from internal bleeding several hours later.
Her father, Larry Slack Sr., was convicted of first-degree murder in 2006 as a result of the beating.[3] He received a life sentence for the murder and a 30-year sentence for aggravated battery of a child.[4] The mother, Constance Slack, received a 25-year sentence after pleading guilty to murder.[5] The beatings of Laree and her eight-year-old brother started because of a claimed failure to properly clear away laundry, leading to difficulty finding a credit card. The father's interpretation of Biblical injunctions regarding the punishment of children were a factor in the severity of the beating. The parents were devout Jehovah's Witnesses who home-schooled their six children. Investigators said the parents decided to administer Biblical discipline in the form of "40 lashes minus one, three times".[1]
The crime was used as an illustration in the 2005 edition of the textbook Delinquency in society that an "intact two parent family" with strong religious values is not so important as having a "loving family" in preventing violence toward children.[6]
References[edit]
1.^ Jump up to: a b Maureen O'Donnell, Ana Mendieta, Annie Sweeney. "Biblical beating kills girl: cops". Chicago Sun-Times; Chicago, Illinois. November 13, 2001.
2.Jump up ^ Kirsten Scharnberg and Eric Ferkenhoff. "Girl died after parents hit her 160 times, court told". Chicago Tribune; Chicago, Illinois. November 14, 2001, News Section, page 1.
3.Jump up ^ Jeff Coen. "Fatal beating by dad called 'torture' ; Father convicted in daughter's murder". Chicago Tribune; Chicago, Illinois. April 28, 2006, Metro Section, page 8.
4.Jump up ^ Esposito, Stefano (June 2, 2006). "Man gets life in prison for whipping death: Judge: 'You beat your own daughter like a slave master hitting a slave'". Chicago Sun Times. Retrieved February 17, 2010.
5.Jump up ^ Esposito, Stefano (May 2, 2006). "Mom gets 25 years for helping beat 12-year-old to death". Chicago Sun Times. Retrieved February 17, 2010.
6.Jump up ^ Regoli, Robert M.; Hewitt, John D. (2005-06-22). Delinquency in society (6th ed.). McGraw-Hill. p. 92. ISBN 978-0-07-298968-7. Retrieved February 17, 2010.
External links[edit]
Man Convicted in Whipping Death Of Daughter, 12.
  


Categories: Whipping
Corporal punishments
Child abuse resulting in death
Religiously motivated violence in the United States
2001 in Illinois
Murdered American children
People murdered in Illinois
American torture victims
Deaths by person
Deaths by beating in the United States
2001 murders in the United States





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Murder of Laree Slack

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Jump to: navigation, search


Wiki letter w.svg
 
Laree A. Slack (July 4, 1989 – November 11, 2001) was the victim of child abuse that led to her death. She was whipped with "an inch-thick section of rubberized electrical cable filled with strands of wire"[1] repeatedly [2] and died from internal bleeding several hours later.
Her father, Larry Slack Sr., was convicted of first-degree murder in 2006 as a result of the beating.[3] He received a life sentence for the murder and a 30-year sentence for aggravated battery of a child.[4] The mother, Constance Slack, received a 25-year sentence after pleading guilty to murder.[5] The beatings of Laree and her eight-year-old brother started because of a claimed failure to properly clear away laundry, leading to difficulty finding a credit card. The father's interpretation of Biblical injunctions regarding the punishment of children were a factor in the severity of the beating. The parents were devout Jehovah's Witnesses who home-schooled their six children. Investigators said the parents decided to administer Biblical discipline in the form of "40 lashes minus one, three times".[1]
The crime was used as an illustration in the 2005 edition of the textbook Delinquency in society that an "intact two parent family" with strong religious values is not so important as having a "loving family" in preventing violence toward children.[6]
References[edit]
1.^ Jump up to: a b Maureen O'Donnell, Ana Mendieta, Annie Sweeney. "Biblical beating kills girl: cops". Chicago Sun-Times; Chicago, Illinois. November 13, 2001.
2.Jump up ^ Kirsten Scharnberg and Eric Ferkenhoff. "Girl died after parents hit her 160 times, court told". Chicago Tribune; Chicago, Illinois. November 14, 2001, News Section, page 1.
3.Jump up ^ Jeff Coen. "Fatal beating by dad called 'torture' ; Father convicted in daughter's murder". Chicago Tribune; Chicago, Illinois. April 28, 2006, Metro Section, page 8.
4.Jump up ^ Esposito, Stefano (June 2, 2006). "Man gets life in prison for whipping death: Judge: 'You beat your own daughter like a slave master hitting a slave'". Chicago Sun Times. Retrieved February 17, 2010.
5.Jump up ^ Esposito, Stefano (May 2, 2006). "Mom gets 25 years for helping beat 12-year-old to death". Chicago Sun Times. Retrieved February 17, 2010.
6.Jump up ^ Regoli, Robert M.; Hewitt, John D. (2005-06-22). Delinquency in society (6th ed.). McGraw-Hill. p. 92. ISBN 978-0-07-298968-7. Retrieved February 17, 2010.
External links[edit]
Man Convicted in Whipping Death Of Daughter, 12.
  


Categories: Whipping
Corporal punishments
Child abuse resulting in death
Religiously motivated violence in the United States
2001 in Illinois
Murdered American children
People murdered in Illinois
American torture victims
Deaths by person
Deaths by beating in the United States
2001 murders in the United States





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Allisson Lozz

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Jump to: navigation, search

This name uses Spanish naming customs: the first or paternal family name is Lozano and the second or maternal family name is Núñez.

Allisson Lozz

Born
Allisson Marian Lozano Núñez
 August 11, 1992 (age 22)
Chihuahua, Mexico
Other names
Allisson Lozano
Occupation
Singer, Actress, Model
Years active
2002-2009
Spouse(s)
Eliu Gutierrez (2011-present)
Children
London Rose (b. 2012)
Website
www.allissonlozz.com
Allisson Lozz (born Allisson Marian Lozano Núñez on August 11, 1992 in Chihuahua, Mexico) known also as Allisson Lozano is a former Mexican actress, model and singer. She is best known for her roles in the Mexican telenovelas Mision S.O.S as Diana, in Rebelde as Bianca, in Al Diablo con los Guapos as Milagros, and in En Nombre del Amor as Paloma.
Lozz started her career on television with the program Codigo Fama. She received her first opportunity to play an adult main character on Al Diablo con los Guapos[1] which became a popular daytime telenovela. Lozz performed her song, No Me Supiste Querer, with K-Paz de la Sierra on May 4, 2008 at Premios TV y Novelas.
She appears in the videoclip for Carita Bonita by reggaeton duo Erre XI. In 2009, after the success of En Nombre del Amor, Lozz retired from acting. On January 15, 2011 she married Eliu Gutierrez. In January 2012 she gave birth to a girl.


Contents  [hide]
1 Telenovelas
2 TV Programs
3 Discography
4 Awards & Nominations 4.1 Premios TVyNovelas
4.2 Premios People en Español
5 References
6 External links

Telenovelas[edit]

Year
Title
Role
Notes
2003-04 Alegrijes y Rebujos Allison Rebolledo Antagonist
2004-05 Mision S.O.S Diana Lozano Protagonist
2004-06 Rebelde Bianca Delay Abril Recurring Character
2006-07 Las Dos Caras de Ana Paulina Gardel Durán Supporting Role
2007-08 Al Diablo con los Guapos Milagros "Mili, Miligol" Ballesteros/Milagros Belmonte Ramos Arango de Miranda Protagonist
2008-09 En Nombre del Amor Paloma Gamboa Espinoza de los Monteros de Sáenz Protagonist
TV Programs[edit]

Year
Title
Role
Notes
2002–03 Código F.A.M.A. Herself Contestant
2005 La energía de Sonric'slandia Leta 
2005-10 Vecinos Brenda 1 episode
2006 Amor Mío Luz Valenzuela 
2007 Objetos Perdidos Various Characters 
RBD: La Familia Barbara 1 episode
50 Años de la telenovela: Mentiras y Verdades Invited 
2008 La Rosa De Guadalupe Kika 
Discography[edit]
Misión S.O.S. Especial de Navidad
Misión S.O.S
Disco Alegrije
Disco Rebujo
Navidad Alegrije
Navidad Rebujo
Código F.A.M.A.
Proyecto Estrella
Awards & Nominations[edit]
Premios TVyNovelas[edit]

Year
Category
Telenovela
Result
2009 Best Young Lead Actress Al diablo con los guapos Nominated
Premios People en Español[edit]

Year
Category
Telenovela
Result
2009 Best Couple with Sebastián Zurita En nombre del amor Nominated
Best Young Actress
2009: Named by the magazine People en español as one of "Los 50 más bellos".[2]
References[edit]
1.Jump up ^ "Lanza Allison Lozz fragancia infantil" (in Spanish). January 8, 2008. Retrieved November 15, 2010.
2.Jump up ^ People en español "Alisson Lozz uno de los 50 más bellos" - actualizado en agosto de 2013
External links[edit]
Allisson Lozz at the Internet Movie Database
Official site



 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Stub icon This article about a Mexican actor or actress is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.




Stub icon This article about a Mexican singer is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.




  


Categories: 1992 births
Living people
Mexican child actresses
Mexican telenovela actresses
Mexican television actresses
Mexican female singers
Mexican pop singers
Actresses from Chihuahua (state)
Singers from Chihuahua (state)
People from Chihuahua, Chihuahua
Converts to Jehovah's Witnesses
Mexican actor stubs
Mexican singer stubs






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This page was last modified on 30 May 2015, at 00:02.
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 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Allisson_Lozz









Allisson Lozz

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Jump to: navigation, search

This name uses Spanish naming customs: the first or paternal family name is Lozano and the second or maternal family name is Núñez.

Allisson Lozz

Born
Allisson Marian Lozano Núñez
 August 11, 1992 (age 22)
Chihuahua, Mexico
Other names
Allisson Lozano
Occupation
Singer, Actress, Model
Years active
2002-2009
Spouse(s)
Eliu Gutierrez (2011-present)
Children
London Rose (b. 2012)
Website
www.allissonlozz.com
Allisson Lozz (born Allisson Marian Lozano Núñez on August 11, 1992 in Chihuahua, Mexico) known also as Allisson Lozano is a former Mexican actress, model and singer. She is best known for her roles in the Mexican telenovelas Mision S.O.S as Diana, in Rebelde as Bianca, in Al Diablo con los Guapos as Milagros, and in En Nombre del Amor as Paloma.
Lozz started her career on television with the program Codigo Fama. She received her first opportunity to play an adult main character on Al Diablo con los Guapos[1] which became a popular daytime telenovela. Lozz performed her song, No Me Supiste Querer, with K-Paz de la Sierra on May 4, 2008 at Premios TV y Novelas.
She appears in the videoclip for Carita Bonita by reggaeton duo Erre XI. In 2009, after the success of En Nombre del Amor, Lozz retired from acting. On January 15, 2011 she married Eliu Gutierrez. In January 2012 she gave birth to a girl.


Contents  [hide]
1 Telenovelas
2 TV Programs
3 Discography
4 Awards & Nominations 4.1 Premios TVyNovelas
4.2 Premios People en Español
5 References
6 External links

Telenovelas[edit]

Year
Title
Role
Notes
2003-04 Alegrijes y Rebujos Allison Rebolledo Antagonist
2004-05 Mision S.O.S Diana Lozano Protagonist
2004-06 Rebelde Bianca Delay Abril Recurring Character
2006-07 Las Dos Caras de Ana Paulina Gardel Durán Supporting Role
2007-08 Al Diablo con los Guapos Milagros "Mili, Miligol" Ballesteros/Milagros Belmonte Ramos Arango de Miranda Protagonist
2008-09 En Nombre del Amor Paloma Gamboa Espinoza de los Monteros de Sáenz Protagonist
TV Programs[edit]

Year
Title
Role
Notes
2002–03 Código F.A.M.A. Herself Contestant
2005 La energía de Sonric'slandia Leta 
2005-10 Vecinos Brenda 1 episode
2006 Amor Mío Luz Valenzuela 
2007 Objetos Perdidos Various Characters 
RBD: La Familia Barbara 1 episode
50 Años de la telenovela: Mentiras y Verdades Invited 
2008 La Rosa De Guadalupe Kika 
Discography[edit]
Misión S.O.S. Especial de Navidad
Misión S.O.S
Disco Alegrije
Disco Rebujo
Navidad Alegrije
Navidad Rebujo
Código F.A.M.A.
Proyecto Estrella
Awards & Nominations[edit]
Premios TVyNovelas[edit]

Year
Category
Telenovela
Result
2009 Best Young Lead Actress Al diablo con los guapos Nominated
Premios People en Español[edit]

Year
Category
Telenovela
Result
2009 Best Couple with Sebastián Zurita En nombre del amor Nominated
Best Young Actress
2009: Named by the magazine People en español as one of "Los 50 más bellos".[2]
References[edit]
1.Jump up ^ "Lanza Allison Lozz fragancia infantil" (in Spanish). January 8, 2008. Retrieved November 15, 2010.
2.Jump up ^ People en español "Alisson Lozz uno de los 50 más bellos" - actualizado en agosto de 2013
External links[edit]
Allisson Lozz at the Internet Movie Database
Official site



 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Stub icon This article about a Mexican actor or actress is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.




Stub icon This article about a Mexican singer is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.




  


Categories: 1992 births
Living people
Mexican child actresses
Mexican telenovela actresses
Mexican television actresses
Mexican female singers
Mexican pop singers
Actresses from Chihuahua (state)
Singers from Chihuahua (state)
People from Chihuahua, Chihuahua
Converts to Jehovah's Witnesses
Mexican actor stubs
Mexican singer stubs






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Random article
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Languages
Español
Français
Hrvatski
Magyar
Polski
Português
Română
Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски
Tagalog
Edit links
This page was last modified on 30 May 2015, at 00:02.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License; additional terms may apply. By using this site, you agree to the Terms of Use and Privacy Policy. Wikipedia® is a registered trademark of the Wikimedia Foundation, Inc., a non-profit organization.
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 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Allisson_Lozz








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Nazario Moreno González

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Nazario Moreno González
Nazario-MORENO-GONZALEZ.jpg
Mug shot of Moreno González

Born
8 March 1970
Apatzingán, Michoacán, Mexico
Died
9 March 2014 (aged 44)
Tumbiscatío, Michoacán, Mexico

Cause of death
 Two gunshot wounds on his thorax
Other names
El Chayo
El Dulce ('The Candy')
El Doctor
El Más Loco ('The Craziest One')
Víctor Nazario Castrejón Peña
Emiliano Morelos Guervara
Occupation
Drug Lord
Known for
Leader of La Familia Michoacana and the Knights Templar Cartel
Predecessor
Carlos Rosales Mendoza
Successor
José de Jesús Méndez Vargas
Dionicio Loya Plancarte
Servando Gómez Martínez
Enrique Plancarte Solís
Notes
$2.2 million dollar reward was offered.

This name uses Spanish naming customs: the first or paternal family name is Moreno and the second or maternal family name is González.
Nazario Moreno González (8 March 1970 – 9 March 2014), commonly referred to by his alias El Chayo ("Nazario" or "The Rosary") and/or El Más Loco ("The Craziest One"), was a Mexican drug lord who headed La Familia Michoacana before heading the Knights Templar Cartel, a drug cartel headquartered in the state of Michoacán. He was one of Mexico's most-wanted drug lords.
Very few details are known of Moreno González's early life, but the authorities believe that religion played a major role in his upbringing. Although born in Michoacán, Moreno González moved to the United States as a teenager, but fled back into Mexico about a decade later to avoid prosecution on drug trafficking charges. In 2004, the drug boss Carlos Rosales Mendoza was captured, and Moreno González, alongside José de Jesús Méndez Vargas, took control of La Familia Michoacana. Unlike other traditional drug trafficking organizations in Mexico, his organization also operated like a religious cult, where its own members were given "bibles" with sayings and conduct guidelines. Moreno González reportedly carried out several philanthropic deeds to help the marginalized in Michoacán. Such deeds helped him craft an image of protector, saint, and Christ-like messianic figure among the poor, and gave La Familia Michoacana a level of influence among some natives.
The Mexican government reported that Moreno González was killed during a two-day gunfight with the Mexican federal police in his home state in December 2010. After the shootout, however, no body was recovered. Rumors thus persisted that Moreno González was still alive and leading the Knights Templar Cartel, the split-off group of La Familia Michoacana. Four years later, on 9 March 2014, his survival was confirmed. Mexican authorities located him again, this time in the town of Tumbiscatío, Michoacán, and attempted to apprehend him. A gunfight ensued resulting in Moreno González's death. Subsequent forensic examination confirmed his identity.


Contents  [hide]
1 Criminal career 1.1 Early life
1.2 Organized crime
1.3 Philanthropy
2 Alleged 2010 death 2.1 Background and aftermath
2.2 Allegations of having survived the attempted police capture
3 Veneration
4 Death
5 Personal life and family
6 Published works
7 See also
8 Sources 8.1 Footnotes
8.2 References
8.3 Bibliography
9 External links

Criminal career[edit]
Early life[edit]
Moreno González was born in the ranchería of Guanajuatillo in Apatzingán, Michoacán, Mexico at around 5:00 a.m. on 8 March 1970.[1][2] There are few details of Moreno González's upbringing, but religion may have played an important role in his early life.[3] His parents had 13 children (including Moreno González). His father Manuel Moreno was reportedly an alcoholic and had several mistresses, and one day he left his family when Moreno González was still very young, forcing his mother to singlehandedly raise the whole family. With their father gone, Moreno González and his siblings lived under the strict discipline of their mother. According to his autobiography, Moreno González had a love-hate relationship with his mother; as a child, he was beaten by his mother for being troublesome and getting into fights. In one occasion, he recalled that his mother once forced him to make his way back to his house by walking on his knees while keeping his arms stretched like a cross throughout the whole day for stealing an animal. Such treatments helped him develop resentment as to partially explain his violent behavior as an adult, he argued. He admitted, however, that he often got into fist fights with other kids from Guanajuatillo and the surrounding rancherías. Moreno González recalled that he would not always win and that he once got into 10 fights in a single day. His violent reputation as a child helped him earn the nickname El Más Loco ("The Craziest One")—which he held onto for the rest of his life—among his siblings and other kids from the area where he grew up.[2][4]
He never attended school and was illiterate for some years of his early life. He learned to read and write reportedly out of curiosity after reading and hearing comic books and stories of Kalimán and Porfirio Cadena, El Ojo del Vidrio on the local radio station.[5] In his autobiography, Moreno González said that as a child he believed he had the superhuman ability of speaking telepathically with animals like Kalimán did in the comics. He said he wanted to be a hero like the comic characters. As a child, he was accustomed to seeing gunmen near his home, and played las guerritas ("war games") for fun. While playing the game, he often pretended to be dead, only to say later on that he had been wounded in the game but that he had managed to survive. At the age of twelve, he moved to Apatzingán and made a living by selling matches, peeling onions, working at a melon field, and throwing out the trash from several booths at a marketplace.[2][6] As a teenager in the late 1980s, Moreno González migrated illegally to the United States, settling in California, where he eventually began selling marijuana.[7][8] After some years, he moved to Texas and in 1994 was arrested for drug trafficking charges in McAllen. Nearly a decade later in 2003, the U.S. government charged him with conspiracy to distribute five tons of narcotics and issued an arrest warrant. Moreno González then fled back to Mexico.[8][9]
Organized crime[edit]
Although raised Catholic, Moreno González became a Jehovah's Witness during his time in the United States.[10][11] In Apatzingán, Moreno González preached to the poor and always carried a bible with him. With time, he won the loyalty of several locals, and many started to see him as a "messiah" for preaching religious principles and forming La Familia Michoacana, a drug cartel that posed as a vigilante group.[3] When Carlos Rosales Mendoza was arrested in 2004, Moreno González ascended to the apex of La Familia Michoacana, a drug trafficking organization based in western Mexico, along with José de Jesús Méndez Vargas.[12] In 2006, La Familia Michoacana broke relations with the Gulf Cartel and Los Zetas, and Moreno González heralded the organization's independence when several of his gunmen tossed five human heads on a discothèque dance floor in Uruapan. Near the severed heads lay a message that read, "La Familia doesn't kill for money, doesn't kill women, doesn't kill innocents. Only those who deserve to die will die."[8]
In 2009, the Mexican government published a list of its 37 most-wanted drug lords and offered a $2.2 million reward for information that led to Moreno González's capture.[13] His three partners – José de Jesús Méndez Vargas, Servando Gómez Martínez and Dionicio Loya Plancarte – were also on the list.[14] In 2010, he was sanctioned under the Foreign Narcotics Kingpin Designation Act (sometimes referred to simply as the "Kingpin Act") by the United States Department of the Treasury for his involvement in drug trafficking. The act prohibited U.S. citizens and companies from doing business with Moreno González, and virtually froze all his assets in the U.S.[15]
Los Zetas eventually broke off from the Gulf Cartel in 2010, after serving in the armed wing of the organization for more than a decade. But in opposition to Los Zetas, Moreno González's cartel rejoined with the Gulf Cartel and allied with the Sinaloa Cartel to fight them off.[16] Since then, La Familia Michoacana became one of the fastest-growing cartels involved in Mexico's drug war. It stood out for its promotion of "family values" and religious agenda, unlike traditional cartels.[17][18] Although deeply involved in the methamphetamine business, Moreno González's cartel diversified its criminal agenda by controlling numerous "counterfeiting, extortion, kidnapping, armed robbery, prostitution and car dealership" rings in Michoacán and its neighboring states.[12][18] By mid-2009, La Familia had managed to establish a foothold in about 20 to 30 urban areas across the United States.[18]
Moreno González required his men to carry a "spiritual manual" that he wrote himself, "[containing] pseudo-Christian aphorisms for self-improvement."[19][20] In his "bible," Moreno González prohibited his men from consuming alcoholic beverages or other drugs, and stated that he would severely punish those who mistreated women. His writings encouraged the corporal punishment of thieves by beating them and making them walk naked with billboards in the city streets.[21][22] He prohibited members of his cartel from consuming or selling methamphetamines in Michoacán, arguing that the drug was only to be smuggled into the U.S. for American consumers.[23] Moreno González justified drug trafficking by stating that La Familia Michoacana allegedly regulated the drug trade to prevent exploitation of the people.[24] The book, sometimes known as "The Sayings of the Craziest One", also talks about humility, service, wisdom, brotherhood, courage, and God.[22][25] His second book, titled "They Call Me The Craziest One", is 13 chapters long and talks about his life, idealism, the origins of La Familia Michoacana, their battle against Los Zetas, and his rationale behind joining organized crime. The text reads like a diary and justifies his criminal activities under the rationale that just like others in Michoacán, the limited opportunities and his poor financial situation pushed him to get involved in the drug trade. In addition to that, Moreno González blamed the government for the existence of criminals.[26]
As leader of La Familia Michoacana, Moreno González was in charge of forging alliances with other cartels. Reportedly, Moreno González met with several other high-ranking drug lords, including Fernando Sánchez Arellano of the Tijuana Cartel; Juan José Esparragoza Moreno of the Sinaloa Cartel; and Ezequiel Cárdenas Guillén of the Gulf Cartel.[27] In these agreements, the cartels allowed La Familia Michoacana to move drugs freely in their territories in exchange for their support in fighting off rival gangs like Los Zetas. In 2008, Moreno González agreed to send armed men to help Joaquín Guzmán Loera and Ismael Zambada García fight off rival cartels, a favor which granted him access to the drug corridors in Sinaloa and Sonora. In addition, his friendship with the Gulf Cartel leader Jorge Eduardo Costilla Sánchez allowed him access to the northeastern state of Tamaulipas.[27]
Philanthropy[edit]
During his tenure as leader of La Familia Michoacana, Moreno González reportedly gave loans to farmers, funded schools and churches, financed drainage projects, and carried out several aid campaigns to help out the disadvantaged in the state of Michoacán. This, along with the manpower of the organization, allowed him get the support of several rural sectors in the state, where many served as informants and collaborators for the cartel.[28][29] His wife was also known for organizing several self-help seminars in Apatzingán.[30] The support of La Familia Michoacana is rooted in family connections and local communities in Michoacán, and in the supposed exploitation of its citizens by the government.[31]
Alleged 2010 death[edit]
On 9 December 2010, the Mexican federal police surrounded the village of El Alcalde in Apatzingán, Michoacán with more than 2,000 officers. Reportedly, Moreno González was at a local festival handing out Christmas presents to the villagers when he was tracked down by the authorities.[32][33]
As the police troops drove into town, gunmen of La Familia Michoacana blocked the entrances with more than 40 burning trucks and cars. La Familia gunmen also surrounded the state capital of Morelia in an attempt to prevent the police from receiving reinforcements.[34] The shootout lasted about two days, and at least 11 deaths were confirmed.[A 1] During the gun battle, the gunmen managed to carry out the bodies of their fallen comrades up the hills. The government reported at the time that Moreno González had been killed, but that the cartel took his body away.[35] This triggered rumors that he was alive and leading his cartel. However, the Mexican government denied such claims. Elías Álvarez, the commander of the 2010 police operation, said González's grave was in the mountains.[36] 2014 reports from the Mexican government stated that Moreno González was possibly injured (but not killed) during the shootout.[37] For four years, the drug lord took advantage of the government's mistake to fall off the authorities's radar and continue to command the cartel behind the scenes.[38]
Background and aftermath[edit]
The alleged death of Moreno González was considered one of the most significant government victories since the start of the drug war in 2006. La Familia Michoacana was the focus of the government because their stronghold, Michoacán state, is just about four hours away from the country's capital, Mexico City. In addition, Michoacán is the homestate of former President Felipe Calderón, who made it a top priority to pacify it.[39]
A few days after the shootout, several people carried out a peace march in Apatzingán expressing their support for the cartel with banners that read "Nazario will always live in our hearts," among others.[40] Others protested against the presence of the federal forces in the state, and argued that the federal government—not the cartels—were responsible for increasing the violence in the country.[40] Through several banners hung on bridges throughout the state of Michoacán, La Familia Michoacana publicly announced that they were open to the possibility of creating a "truce" (ceasefire) with the Mexican government throughout December 2010 and January 2011 to prove that they were not the source of the violence. The Mexican authorities "summarily rejected" the agreement.[39][41]
After Moreno Gonzalez was reported dead, José de Jesús Méndez Vargas took the lead of La Familia Michoacana. The other cartel leader, Servando Gómez Martínez (alias "La Tuta"), fought Méndez Vargas for control of the group and eventually formed the Knights Templar Cartel, a drug cartel and pseudo-religious splinter group.[42] The cartel was headed by Moreno González, followed by Gómez Martínez, Dionisio Loya Plancarte (alias "El Tío"), and Enrique Plancarte Solís (alias "Kike Plancarte"), in that order. However, given that the Mexican government believed that Moreno González had been killed in 2010, Gómez Martínez was regarded as the first-in-command.[43] Since its creation, the Knights Templar Cartel became a greater security concern for the Mexican government; it began to extort lime farmers, cutters, and packers,[44] as well as people who worked in the avocado business in Michoacán.[45] The cartel also stole minerals from the state's reserves to later ship them to China and sell them in the black market.[46] Killings, extortions, kidnappings, and arson attacks against Michoacán residents and local businesses increased.[47] In response to the cartel's activities, autodefensa (vigilante/self-defense) groups began to emerge in Michoacán in 2011,[48] and gained significant momentum in February 2013 when they began to push the cartel outside of the Tierra Caliente region.[44] President Enrique Peña Nieto sent in more federal troops to Michoacán on January 2014 initially with the intent to disarm the informal groups. However, that plan was quickly abandoned following some resistance, and the government decided to sign an agreement that month with the autodefensas to combat insecurity together.[49][50]
Allegations of having survived the attempted police capture[edit]
Given that Moreno González's body was never recovered from the December 2010 shootout where officials said he was killed, there were rumors that he was alive and secretly leading the Knights Templar Cartel, the split-off group of La Familia Michoacana. On June 2011, members of La Familia Michoacana set up several public banners throughout the state of Guerrero with written messages directed to the former President Calderón and his security spokesman Alejandro Poiré. The banners proclaimed that Moreno González was in fact alive and leading the Knights Templar Cartel, and that the government was allegedly covering him up. The rumors were immediately denied by the Mexican government, which stood firm that the drug lord was killed by federal forces on December 9, 2010.[51][52] Rumors sparked again in October 2011 following the arrest of Mario Buenrostro Quiroz, a drug trafficker who headed a Mexico City-based gang known as Los Aboytes. In a videotaped police confession, he told authorities that Moreno González was still alive and heading the cartel. Intelligence agency InSight Crime said the rumors were probably part of a campaign of the Knights Templar Cartel to win prestige from La Familia Michoacana by saying that their leader is in fact alive and still supporting the group.[52] On 27 October 2012, the Mexican Army raided a safe house in Apatzingán where they believed the drug lord Enrique Plancarte Solís was hiding. Though the raid was ultimately unsuccessful because Plancarte Solís managed to avoid capture by sending several gunmen from his inner circle to battle off the soldiers, the authorities discovered several documents written for Moreno González. The Army gave the documents to the intelligence agency SIEDO for further investigation.[53][54]
Many Michoacán natives believed that Moreno González was alive; he was widely believed to have made a public appearance in Morelia in 2012 after his son was killed in a motorcycle accident. According to an unnamed official, his sister went to the morgue to reclaim the body of his son before the autopsy. When the coroner refused to give her the body, Moreno González paid him a visit and convinced him to give up the body. In fears of reprisals, local media outlets self-censored and did not report on the death of his son. Those who wrecked his son were reportedly kidnapped by Moreno González men and killed. In addition, one militia leader from the town of Coalcomán reported seeing him dressed as Saint Francis of Assisi, baptizing people, and leading his henchmen. There was no concrete evidence of Moreno González being alive. However, since no autopsy was performed, there was no evidence of him being dead either.[55] In January 2014, Gregorio López, a priest of Apatzingán, reported that that Moreno González ordered a self-imposed curfew in the city and threatened to burn down businesses that did not comply with the order. That week Michoacán had a series of violent episodes after the state's autodefensa (vigilante) groups—which emerged in February 2013 to fight the Knights Templar Cartel—attempted to move into several municipalities to fight the cartel. The priest said in an interview that there were rumors that the drug lord met with "La Tuta" for lunch in La Cucha, a ranch outside of Apatzingán.[56][57] In an interview with Noticias MVS in February 2014, the former self-defense group leader José Manuel Mireles Valverde stated that Moreno González celebrated Christmas Day (25 December 2013) with the cartel leader Enrique Plancarte Solís and his daughter and banda singer Melissa at the drug lord's house.[58] Mireles claimed in March 2014 that the self-defense groups nearly captured Moreno González at a ranch close to Tumbiscatío, Michoacán, but that he managed to escape 20 minutes before their arrival.[59]
Rumors surrounding these allegations were around since Moreno González was declared dead by the Mexican government in 2010. The mysticism and spiritual teachings of the drug lord have played an important role in the Knights Templar Cartel's propaganda and recruitment in Michoacán. By spreading such rumors, the cartel hoped to gain a level of consensus from the public in their fight against the self-defense militias and state forces in the state.[60][61]
Veneration[edit]
After Moreno González's reported death in 2010, Michoacán natives reportedly began to worship him as a saint, "drawing attention to the links between narco-culture and religion."[62] In the region of Apatzingán, people created altars with statues and photos in honor of him. The figurines are often dressed in tunics similar to the Knights Templar, and had prayers calling him Saint Nazario. Reforma newspaper reported that Moreno González had his own prayer: "Oh Lord Almighty, free me from all sins, give me protection through Saint Nazario."[63] These altars are found in the village of Holanda, on the hill of El Cerrito de la Cruz, and in Apatzingán.[63] Villagers have noted that they had been forced to venerate the criminal under threat of armed force by the gang members.[64]
Throughout his criminal career, Moreno González promoted La Familia Michoacana as an organization that existed to protect the people in Michoacán, where he carried out several campaigns that implemented curfews, punished drinkers, and attacked Los Zetas, whom he claimed had corroded the morality of the state and community. The prayers that are now dedicated to Moreno González now refer to him as the "Representative of God," the "Protector of the poorest," and as the "Knight of the towns."[62] Such behavior proves that La Familia Michoacana's religious campaign influenced the local area.[62]
The area where the altars are located is reportedly patrolled by Los 12 apóstoles ('12 apostles'), the security body that allegedly protected Moreno González.[7]
Death[edit]
At around 7:00 a.m. on 9 March 2014, the Mexican Army and Navy pinpointed Moreno González's whereabouts in Tumbiscatío, Michoacán.[65] When they tried to apprehend him, the drug lord opened fire at the security forces before being killed in the fire exchange.[66] Mexico's Procuraduría General de la República (PGR) officially confirmed his identity through DNA examinations and fingerprint identification. The results were consistent with law enforcement files.[67][68] While investigators conducted the autopsy at a hospital in Apatzingán, more than 150 law enforcement officers from the Army, Navy, Federal Police, and the PGR cordoned the area to prevent organized crime members from attempting to steal his body.[69][70] Post-mortem reports indicated that Moreno González died of two gunshot wounds on his thorax.[71] On 12 March 2014, his corpse was transferred to Morelia under tight security for further testing.[72] At the time of his death, the drug lord was wanted by the Mexican government for charges relating to drug trafficking, organized crime, kidnapping, murder, and theft.[73]
On the evening of 14 March 2014, his corpse was handed over to his sister and two nephews in Morelia by state authorities. As they left the forensic installations, they covered their faces in front of cameras and did not specify if they had plans to carry out a funeral for Moreno González.[74][75] His family and friends, however, held a funeral for him at the Santa Cruz funeral home in Altozano, Morelia.[76] They did not comment where the corpse was to be taken,[77] but unconfirmed reports suggested that there were plans to cremate him and scatter his ashes at a village in the Tierra Caliente region in Michoacán.[78]
Personal life and family[edit]
Moreno González enjoyed watching the Godfather Trilogy and the drama film Braveheart.[79]
He went by several nicknames, including but not limited to El Chayo (hypocorism for "Nazario" or "Rosario", the Spanish word for Rosary),[39] Víctor Nazario Castrejón Peña,[80] El Dulce ("The Candy"), El Doctor ("The Doctor"), and El Más Loco ("The Craziest One"),[28][81][82] In 2014, the Mexican government discovered that the drug lord also held the alias Emiliano Morelos Guevara in reference to revolutionary figures Emiliano Zapata, José María Morelos, and Che Guevara.[83]
His father was reportedly Manuel Moreno, who died on July 2013, according to intelligence reports from Mexican federal agents.[4] The drug lord was the uncle or cousin of Uriel Chávez Mendoza, the municipal president (equivalent of mayor) of Apatzingán.[84][85] He was arrested by Mexican authorities on 15 April 2014 for his alleged ties to organized crime.[86] The city councilman Isidro Villanueva Moreno may also be his cousin too.[87] His half brother and cousin of Plancarte Solís, Antonio Magaña Pantoja, was arrested by Mexican authorities in Apatzingán on 9 February 2014.[88] His half brother Heliodoro Moreno Anguiano (alias "El Yoyo") was arrested by Mexican authorities in Apatzingán, Michoacán on 18 February 2014.[89] His nephew Faustino Andrade González was arrested by the Mexican Federal Police in Apatzingán with four other suspected criminals on 5 June 2014.[90]
Published works[edit]
Pensamientos Del Más Loco (The Sayings of the Craziest One)[26]
Me Dicen: El Más Loco (They Call Me The Craziest One) (2010)[91]
See also[edit]
Jesús Malverde
Sources[edit]
Footnotes[edit]
1.Jump up ^ Since the gunmen carried away the bodies of their partners during the firefight, it is impossible to know the exact number of people who were killed.[92] The police commander, Elías Álvarez, who led the 2010 operation in Apatzingán, estimated that more than 50 people were killed.[32]
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71.Jump up ^ (subscription required) "Murió 'El Chayo' de dos impactos de bala". Reforma (in Spanish) (Mexico City). 11 March 2014. Archived from the original on 12 March 2014. Retrieved 12 March 2014.
72.Jump up ^ "Trasladan cuerpo de "El Chayo" a Morelia". El Universal (Mexico City) (in Spanish). Agencia Quadratín. 12 March 2014. Archived from the original on 13 March 2014. Retrieved 13 March 2014.
73.Jump up ^ Alvarado, Noel F. (10 March 2014). ""El Más Loco" gustaba torturar hasta la muerte a sus rivales". La Prensa (in Spanish). Organización Editorial Mexicana. Archived from the original on 11 March 2014. Retrieved 10 March 2014.
74.Jump up ^ (subscription required) García, Adán (14 March 2014). "Entregan cuerpo de 'El Chayo'". El Norte (Monterrey) (in Spanish). Archived from the original on 15 March 2014. Retrieved 15 March 2014.
75.Jump up ^ "Entregan cuerpo de "El Chayo" a sus familiares". El Universal (Mexico City) (in Spanish). Agencia Quadratín. 14 March 2014. Archived from the original on 15 March 2014. Retrieved 15 March 2014.
76.Jump up ^ "Velan a 'El Chayo' en Morelia sin presencia militar ni policial". Diario de Juárez (in Spanish). 15 March 2014. Archived from the original on 16 March 2014. Retrieved 16 March 2014.
77.Jump up ^ "Realizan en Morelia funeral de ‘El Chayo’". Milenio (in Spanish). Agencia Quadratín. 15 March 2014. Archived from the original on 16 March 2014. Retrieved 16 March 2014.
78.Jump up ^ Martínez Elorriaga, Ernesto (15 March 2014). "Reducido grupo vela a Nazario Moreno 'El Chayo' en Morelia". La Jornada (in Spanish). Archived from the original on 16 March 2014. Retrieved 16 March 2014.
79.Jump up ^ Grillo, Ioan (22 June 2011). "Top 10 Notorious Mexican Drug Lords: Nazario Moreno González". TIME. Archived from the original on 14 November 2012. Retrieved 15 November 2012.
80.Jump up ^ Araizaga, Jorge Carrasco (21 June 2011). "La entrega del Chango Méndez" (in Spanish). Proceso (magazine). Archived from the original on 30 July 2014. Retrieved 30 July 2014.
81.Jump up ^ "Golpe a 'La Familia'; murió "El Chayo", uno de los líderes". Organización Editorial Mexicana (in Spanish). 11 December 2010. Archived from the original on 15 November 2012. Retrieved 15 November 2012.
82.Jump up ^ "Perfil Nazario Moreno González, el adoctrinador". El Universal (in Spanish). 10 December 2010. Archived from the original on 14 November 2012. Retrieved 14 November 2012.
83.Jump up ^ Becerra Acosta, Juan Pablo (10 March 2014). "Nazario narra la muerte de Nazario". Milenio (in Spanish). Archived from the original on 11 March 2014. Retrieved 11 March 2014.
84.Jump up ^ Gil Olmos, José (29 January 2014). "Narcopolítica michoacana". Proceso (magazine) (in Spanish). Archived from the original on 7 February 2014. Retrieved 7 February 2014.
85.Jump up ^ "Difunden nombres de funcionarios Michoacán presuntamente relacionados con Templarios". Radio Fórmula (in Spanish). Notimex. 16 January 2014. Archived from the original on 11 March 2014. Retrieved 11 March 2014.
86.Jump up ^ Martínez, Dalia (15 April 2014). "Caen ediles de Tacámbaro y de Apatzingán". El Universal (Mexico City) (in Spanish). Archived from the original on 16 April 2014. Retrieved 16 April 2014.
87.Jump up ^ "Regidor en Apatzingán podría ser primo de Nazario Moreno González alias El Chayo". Radio Fórmula (in Spanish). 21 January 2014. Archived from the original on 7 February 2014. Retrieved 7 February 2014.
88.Jump up ^ Mosso, Rubén (9 February 2014). "Capturan a primo de ‘Kike’ Plancarte". Milenio (in Spanish). Archived from the original on 9 February 2014. Retrieved 9 February 2014.
89.Jump up ^ "Cacería de templarios: caen ‘El Nito’ y medio hermano de ‘El Chayo’". Proceso (magazine) (in Spanish). 19 February 2014. Archived from the original on 19 February 2014. Retrieved 19 February 2014.
90.Jump up ^ "Caen familiares de 'El Chayo' y 'El Kike' Plancarte en Apatzingán" (in Spanish). Proceso (magazine). 5 June 2014. Archived from the original on 5 June 2014. Retrieved 5 June 2014.
91.Jump up ^ Vargas, J.C. (19 January 2014). "Exhiben excesos de 'templarios'". Excélsior (in Spanish). Archived from the original on 11 March 2014. Retrieved 11 March 2014.
92.Jump up ^ Wilkinson, Tracy (11 December 2012). "La Familia cartel leader believed killed in Michoacan violence". Los Angeles Times. Archived from the original on 15 November 2012. Retrieved 15 November 2012.
Bibliography[edit]
Lyman, Michael D. (2010). Drugs in Society: Causes, Concepts and Control (6th ed.). Elsevier. ISBN 1437744508.
Levy, David A. (2011). Echoes of Mind: Thinking Deeply about Humanship (1st ed.). Enso Books. ISBN 0982018576.
Longmire, Sylvia (2011). Cartel: The Coming Invasion of Mexico's Drug Wars (1st ed.). Palgrave Macmillan. ISBN 0230111378.
External links[edit]
La Familia: Another Deadly Mexican Syndicate (archive) — Foreign Policy Research Institute


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Categories: 1970 births
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Mexican mob bosses
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Nazario Moreno González

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Nazario Moreno González
Nazario-MORENO-GONZALEZ.jpg
Mug shot of Moreno González

Born
8 March 1970
Apatzingán, Michoacán, Mexico
Died
9 March 2014 (aged 44)
Tumbiscatío, Michoacán, Mexico

Cause of death
 Two gunshot wounds on his thorax
Other names
El Chayo
El Dulce ('The Candy')
El Doctor
El Más Loco ('The Craziest One')
Víctor Nazario Castrejón Peña
Emiliano Morelos Guervara
Occupation
Drug Lord
Known for
Leader of La Familia Michoacana and the Knights Templar Cartel
Predecessor
Carlos Rosales Mendoza
Successor
José de Jesús Méndez Vargas
Dionicio Loya Plancarte
Servando Gómez Martínez
Enrique Plancarte Solís
Notes
$2.2 million dollar reward was offered.

This name uses Spanish naming customs: the first or paternal family name is Moreno and the second or maternal family name is González.
Nazario Moreno González (8 March 1970 – 9 March 2014), commonly referred to by his alias El Chayo ("Nazario" or "The Rosary") and/or El Más Loco ("The Craziest One"), was a Mexican drug lord who headed La Familia Michoacana before heading the Knights Templar Cartel, a drug cartel headquartered in the state of Michoacán. He was one of Mexico's most-wanted drug lords.
Very few details are known of Moreno González's early life, but the authorities believe that religion played a major role in his upbringing. Although born in Michoacán, Moreno González moved to the United States as a teenager, but fled back into Mexico about a decade later to avoid prosecution on drug trafficking charges. In 2004, the drug boss Carlos Rosales Mendoza was captured, and Moreno González, alongside José de Jesús Méndez Vargas, took control of La Familia Michoacana. Unlike other traditional drug trafficking organizations in Mexico, his organization also operated like a religious cult, where its own members were given "bibles" with sayings and conduct guidelines. Moreno González reportedly carried out several philanthropic deeds to help the marginalized in Michoacán. Such deeds helped him craft an image of protector, saint, and Christ-like messianic figure among the poor, and gave La Familia Michoacana a level of influence among some natives.
The Mexican government reported that Moreno González was killed during a two-day gunfight with the Mexican federal police in his home state in December 2010. After the shootout, however, no body was recovered. Rumors thus persisted that Moreno González was still alive and leading the Knights Templar Cartel, the split-off group of La Familia Michoacana. Four years later, on 9 March 2014, his survival was confirmed. Mexican authorities located him again, this time in the town of Tumbiscatío, Michoacán, and attempted to apprehend him. A gunfight ensued resulting in Moreno González's death. Subsequent forensic examination confirmed his identity.


Contents  [hide]
1 Criminal career 1.1 Early life
1.2 Organized crime
1.3 Philanthropy
2 Alleged 2010 death 2.1 Background and aftermath
2.2 Allegations of having survived the attempted police capture
3 Veneration
4 Death
5 Personal life and family
6 Published works
7 See also
8 Sources 8.1 Footnotes
8.2 References
8.3 Bibliography
9 External links

Criminal career[edit]
Early life[edit]
Moreno González was born in the ranchería of Guanajuatillo in Apatzingán, Michoacán, Mexico at around 5:00 a.m. on 8 March 1970.[1][2] There are few details of Moreno González's upbringing, but religion may have played an important role in his early life.[3] His parents had 13 children (including Moreno González). His father Manuel Moreno was reportedly an alcoholic and had several mistresses, and one day he left his family when Moreno González was still very young, forcing his mother to singlehandedly raise the whole family. With their father gone, Moreno González and his siblings lived under the strict discipline of their mother. According to his autobiography, Moreno González had a love-hate relationship with his mother; as a child, he was beaten by his mother for being troublesome and getting into fights. In one occasion, he recalled that his mother once forced him to make his way back to his house by walking on his knees while keeping his arms stretched like a cross throughout the whole day for stealing an animal. Such treatments helped him develop resentment as to partially explain his violent behavior as an adult, he argued. He admitted, however, that he often got into fist fights with other kids from Guanajuatillo and the surrounding rancherías. Moreno González recalled that he would not always win and that he once got into 10 fights in a single day. His violent reputation as a child helped him earn the nickname El Más Loco ("The Craziest One")—which he held onto for the rest of his life—among his siblings and other kids from the area where he grew up.[2][4]
He never attended school and was illiterate for some years of his early life. He learned to read and write reportedly out of curiosity after reading and hearing comic books and stories of Kalimán and Porfirio Cadena, El Ojo del Vidrio on the local radio station.[5] In his autobiography, Moreno González said that as a child he believed he had the superhuman ability of speaking telepathically with animals like Kalimán did in the comics. He said he wanted to be a hero like the comic characters. As a child, he was accustomed to seeing gunmen near his home, and played las guerritas ("war games") for fun. While playing the game, he often pretended to be dead, only to say later on that he had been wounded in the game but that he had managed to survive. At the age of twelve, he moved to Apatzingán and made a living by selling matches, peeling onions, working at a melon field, and throwing out the trash from several booths at a marketplace.[2][6] As a teenager in the late 1980s, Moreno González migrated illegally to the United States, settling in California, where he eventually began selling marijuana.[7][8] After some years, he moved to Texas and in 1994 was arrested for drug trafficking charges in McAllen. Nearly a decade later in 2003, the U.S. government charged him with conspiracy to distribute five tons of narcotics and issued an arrest warrant. Moreno González then fled back to Mexico.[8][9]
Organized crime[edit]
Although raised Catholic, Moreno González became a Jehovah's Witness during his time in the United States.[10][11] In Apatzingán, Moreno González preached to the poor and always carried a bible with him. With time, he won the loyalty of several locals, and many started to see him as a "messiah" for preaching religious principles and forming La Familia Michoacana, a drug cartel that posed as a vigilante group.[3] When Carlos Rosales Mendoza was arrested in 2004, Moreno González ascended to the apex of La Familia Michoacana, a drug trafficking organization based in western Mexico, along with José de Jesús Méndez Vargas.[12] In 2006, La Familia Michoacana broke relations with the Gulf Cartel and Los Zetas, and Moreno González heralded the organization's independence when several of his gunmen tossed five human heads on a discothèque dance floor in Uruapan. Near the severed heads lay a message that read, "La Familia doesn't kill for money, doesn't kill women, doesn't kill innocents. Only those who deserve to die will die."[8]
In 2009, the Mexican government published a list of its 37 most-wanted drug lords and offered a $2.2 million reward for information that led to Moreno González's capture.[13] His three partners – José de Jesús Méndez Vargas, Servando Gómez Martínez and Dionicio Loya Plancarte – were also on the list.[14] In 2010, he was sanctioned under the Foreign Narcotics Kingpin Designation Act (sometimes referred to simply as the "Kingpin Act") by the United States Department of the Treasury for his involvement in drug trafficking. The act prohibited U.S. citizens and companies from doing business with Moreno González, and virtually froze all his assets in the U.S.[15]
Los Zetas eventually broke off from the Gulf Cartel in 2010, after serving in the armed wing of the organization for more than a decade. But in opposition to Los Zetas, Moreno González's cartel rejoined with the Gulf Cartel and allied with the Sinaloa Cartel to fight them off.[16] Since then, La Familia Michoacana became one of the fastest-growing cartels involved in Mexico's drug war. It stood out for its promotion of "family values" and religious agenda, unlike traditional cartels.[17][18] Although deeply involved in the methamphetamine business, Moreno González's cartel diversified its criminal agenda by controlling numerous "counterfeiting, extortion, kidnapping, armed robbery, prostitution and car dealership" rings in Michoacán and its neighboring states.[12][18] By mid-2009, La Familia had managed to establish a foothold in about 20 to 30 urban areas across the United States.[18]
Moreno González required his men to carry a "spiritual manual" that he wrote himself, "[containing] pseudo-Christian aphorisms for self-improvement."[19][20] In his "bible," Moreno González prohibited his men from consuming alcoholic beverages or other drugs, and stated that he would severely punish those who mistreated women. His writings encouraged the corporal punishment of thieves by beating them and making them walk naked with billboards in the city streets.[21][22] He prohibited members of his cartel from consuming or selling methamphetamines in Michoacán, arguing that the drug was only to be smuggled into the U.S. for American consumers.[23] Moreno González justified drug trafficking by stating that La Familia Michoacana allegedly regulated the drug trade to prevent exploitation of the people.[24] The book, sometimes known as "The Sayings of the Craziest One", also talks about humility, service, wisdom, brotherhood, courage, and God.[22][25] His second book, titled "They Call Me The Craziest One", is 13 chapters long and talks about his life, idealism, the origins of La Familia Michoacana, their battle against Los Zetas, and his rationale behind joining organized crime. The text reads like a diary and justifies his criminal activities under the rationale that just like others in Michoacán, the limited opportunities and his poor financial situation pushed him to get involved in the drug trade. In addition to that, Moreno González blamed the government for the existence of criminals.[26]
As leader of La Familia Michoacana, Moreno González was in charge of forging alliances with other cartels. Reportedly, Moreno González met with several other high-ranking drug lords, including Fernando Sánchez Arellano of the Tijuana Cartel; Juan José Esparragoza Moreno of the Sinaloa Cartel; and Ezequiel Cárdenas Guillén of the Gulf Cartel.[27] In these agreements, the cartels allowed La Familia Michoacana to move drugs freely in their territories in exchange for their support in fighting off rival gangs like Los Zetas. In 2008, Moreno González agreed to send armed men to help Joaquín Guzmán Loera and Ismael Zambada García fight off rival cartels, a favor which granted him access to the drug corridors in Sinaloa and Sonora. In addition, his friendship with the Gulf Cartel leader Jorge Eduardo Costilla Sánchez allowed him access to the northeastern state of Tamaulipas.[27]
Philanthropy[edit]
During his tenure as leader of La Familia Michoacana, Moreno González reportedly gave loans to farmers, funded schools and churches, financed drainage projects, and carried out several aid campaigns to help out the disadvantaged in the state of Michoacán. This, along with the manpower of the organization, allowed him get the support of several rural sectors in the state, where many served as informants and collaborators for the cartel.[28][29] His wife was also known for organizing several self-help seminars in Apatzingán.[30] The support of La Familia Michoacana is rooted in family connections and local communities in Michoacán, and in the supposed exploitation of its citizens by the government.[31]
Alleged 2010 death[edit]
On 9 December 2010, the Mexican federal police surrounded the village of El Alcalde in Apatzingán, Michoacán with more than 2,000 officers. Reportedly, Moreno González was at a local festival handing out Christmas presents to the villagers when he was tracked down by the authorities.[32][33]
As the police troops drove into town, gunmen of La Familia Michoacana blocked the entrances with more than 40 burning trucks and cars. La Familia gunmen also surrounded the state capital of Morelia in an attempt to prevent the police from receiving reinforcements.[34] The shootout lasted about two days, and at least 11 deaths were confirmed.[A 1] During the gun battle, the gunmen managed to carry out the bodies of their fallen comrades up the hills. The government reported at the time that Moreno González had been killed, but that the cartel took his body away.[35] This triggered rumors that he was alive and leading his cartel. However, the Mexican government denied such claims. Elías Álvarez, the commander of the 2010 police operation, said González's grave was in the mountains.[36] 2014 reports from the Mexican government stated that Moreno González was possibly injured (but not killed) during the shootout.[37] For four years, the drug lord took advantage of the government's mistake to fall off the authorities's radar and continue to command the cartel behind the scenes.[38]
Background and aftermath[edit]
The alleged death of Moreno González was considered one of the most significant government victories since the start of the drug war in 2006. La Familia Michoacana was the focus of the government because their stronghold, Michoacán state, is just about four hours away from the country's capital, Mexico City. In addition, Michoacán is the homestate of former President Felipe Calderón, who made it a top priority to pacify it.[39]
A few days after the shootout, several people carried out a peace march in Apatzingán expressing their support for the cartel with banners that read "Nazario will always live in our hearts," among others.[40] Others protested against the presence of the federal forces in the state, and argued that the federal government—not the cartels—were responsible for increasing the violence in the country.[40] Through several banners hung on bridges throughout the state of Michoacán, La Familia Michoacana publicly announced that they were open to the possibility of creating a "truce" (ceasefire) with the Mexican government throughout December 2010 and January 2011 to prove that they were not the source of the violence. The Mexican authorities "summarily rejected" the agreement.[39][41]
After Moreno Gonzalez was reported dead, José de Jesús Méndez Vargas took the lead of La Familia Michoacana. The other cartel leader, Servando Gómez Martínez (alias "La Tuta"), fought Méndez Vargas for control of the group and eventually formed the Knights Templar Cartel, a drug cartel and pseudo-religious splinter group.[42] The cartel was headed by Moreno González, followed by Gómez Martínez, Dionisio Loya Plancarte (alias "El Tío"), and Enrique Plancarte Solís (alias "Kike Plancarte"), in that order. However, given that the Mexican government believed that Moreno González had been killed in 2010, Gómez Martínez was regarded as the first-in-command.[43] Since its creation, the Knights Templar Cartel became a greater security concern for the Mexican government; it began to extort lime farmers, cutters, and packers,[44] as well as people who worked in the avocado business in Michoacán.[45] The cartel also stole minerals from the state's reserves to later ship them to China and sell them in the black market.[46] Killings, extortions, kidnappings, and arson attacks against Michoacán residents and local businesses increased.[47] In response to the cartel's activities, autodefensa (vigilante/self-defense) groups began to emerge in Michoacán in 2011,[48] and gained significant momentum in February 2013 when they began to push the cartel outside of the Tierra Caliente region.[44] President Enrique Peña Nieto sent in more federal troops to Michoacán on January 2014 initially with the intent to disarm the informal groups. However, that plan was quickly abandoned following some resistance, and the government decided to sign an agreement that month with the autodefensas to combat insecurity together.[49][50]
Allegations of having survived the attempted police capture[edit]
Given that Moreno González's body was never recovered from the December 2010 shootout where officials said he was killed, there were rumors that he was alive and secretly leading the Knights Templar Cartel, the split-off group of La Familia Michoacana. On June 2011, members of La Familia Michoacana set up several public banners throughout the state of Guerrero with written messages directed to the former President Calderón and his security spokesman Alejandro Poiré. The banners proclaimed that Moreno González was in fact alive and leading the Knights Templar Cartel, and that the government was allegedly covering him up. The rumors were immediately denied by the Mexican government, which stood firm that the drug lord was killed by federal forces on December 9, 2010.[51][52] Rumors sparked again in October 2011 following the arrest of Mario Buenrostro Quiroz, a drug trafficker who headed a Mexico City-based gang known as Los Aboytes. In a videotaped police confession, he told authorities that Moreno González was still alive and heading the cartel. Intelligence agency InSight Crime said the rumors were probably part of a campaign of the Knights Templar Cartel to win prestige from La Familia Michoacana by saying that their leader is in fact alive and still supporting the group.[52] On 27 October 2012, the Mexican Army raided a safe house in Apatzingán where they believed the drug lord Enrique Plancarte Solís was hiding. Though the raid was ultimately unsuccessful because Plancarte Solís managed to avoid capture by sending several gunmen from his inner circle to battle off the soldiers, the authorities discovered several documents written for Moreno González. The Army gave the documents to the intelligence agency SIEDO for further investigation.[53][54]
Many Michoacán natives believed that Moreno González was alive; he was widely believed to have made a public appearance in Morelia in 2012 after his son was killed in a motorcycle accident. According to an unnamed official, his sister went to the morgue to reclaim the body of his son before the autopsy. When the coroner refused to give her the body, Moreno González paid him a visit and convinced him to give up the body. In fears of reprisals, local media outlets self-censored and did not report on the death of his son. Those who wrecked his son were reportedly kidnapped by Moreno González men and killed. In addition, one militia leader from the town of Coalcomán reported seeing him dressed as Saint Francis of Assisi, baptizing people, and leading his henchmen. There was no concrete evidence of Moreno González being alive. However, since no autopsy was performed, there was no evidence of him being dead either.[55] In January 2014, Gregorio López, a priest of Apatzingán, reported that that Moreno González ordered a self-imposed curfew in the city and threatened to burn down businesses that did not comply with the order. That week Michoacán had a series of violent episodes after the state's autodefensa (vigilante) groups—which emerged in February 2013 to fight the Knights Templar Cartel—attempted to move into several municipalities to fight the cartel. The priest said in an interview that there were rumors that the drug lord met with "La Tuta" for lunch in La Cucha, a ranch outside of Apatzingán.[56][57] In an interview with Noticias MVS in February 2014, the former self-defense group leader José Manuel Mireles Valverde stated that Moreno González celebrated Christmas Day (25 December 2013) with the cartel leader Enrique Plancarte Solís and his daughter and banda singer Melissa at the drug lord's house.[58] Mireles claimed in March 2014 that the self-defense groups nearly captured Moreno González at a ranch close to Tumbiscatío, Michoacán, but that he managed to escape 20 minutes before their arrival.[59]
Rumors surrounding these allegations were around since Moreno González was declared dead by the Mexican government in 2010. The mysticism and spiritual teachings of the drug lord have played an important role in the Knights Templar Cartel's propaganda and recruitment in Michoacán. By spreading such rumors, the cartel hoped to gain a level of consensus from the public in their fight against the self-defense militias and state forces in the state.[60][61]
Veneration[edit]
After Moreno González's reported death in 2010, Michoacán natives reportedly began to worship him as a saint, "drawing attention to the links between narco-culture and religion."[62] In the region of Apatzingán, people created altars with statues and photos in honor of him. The figurines are often dressed in tunics similar to the Knights Templar, and had prayers calling him Saint Nazario. Reforma newspaper reported that Moreno González had his own prayer: "Oh Lord Almighty, free me from all sins, give me protection through Saint Nazario."[63] These altars are found in the village of Holanda, on the hill of El Cerrito de la Cruz, and in Apatzingán.[63] Villagers have noted that they had been forced to venerate the criminal under threat of armed force by the gang members.[64]
Throughout his criminal career, Moreno González promoted La Familia Michoacana as an organization that existed to protect the people in Michoacán, where he carried out several campaigns that implemented curfews, punished drinkers, and attacked Los Zetas, whom he claimed had corroded the morality of the state and community. The prayers that are now dedicated to Moreno González now refer to him as the "Representative of God," the "Protector of the poorest," and as the "Knight of the towns."[62] Such behavior proves that La Familia Michoacana's religious campaign influenced the local area.[62]
The area where the altars are located is reportedly patrolled by Los 12 apóstoles ('12 apostles'), the security body that allegedly protected Moreno González.[7]
Death[edit]
At around 7:00 a.m. on 9 March 2014, the Mexican Army and Navy pinpointed Moreno González's whereabouts in Tumbiscatío, Michoacán.[65] When they tried to apprehend him, the drug lord opened fire at the security forces before being killed in the fire exchange.[66] Mexico's Procuraduría General de la República (PGR) officially confirmed his identity through DNA examinations and fingerprint identification. The results were consistent with law enforcement files.[67][68] While investigators conducted the autopsy at a hospital in Apatzingán, more than 150 law enforcement officers from the Army, Navy, Federal Police, and the PGR cordoned the area to prevent organized crime members from attempting to steal his body.[69][70] Post-mortem reports indicated that Moreno González died of two gunshot wounds on his thorax.[71] On 12 March 2014, his corpse was transferred to Morelia under tight security for further testing.[72] At the time of his death, the drug lord was wanted by the Mexican government for charges relating to drug trafficking, organized crime, kidnapping, murder, and theft.[73]
On the evening of 14 March 2014, his corpse was handed over to his sister and two nephews in Morelia by state authorities. As they left the forensic installations, they covered their faces in front of cameras and did not specify if they had plans to carry out a funeral for Moreno González.[74][75] His family and friends, however, held a funeral for him at the Santa Cruz funeral home in Altozano, Morelia.[76] They did not comment where the corpse was to be taken,[77] but unconfirmed reports suggested that there were plans to cremate him and scatter his ashes at a village in the Tierra Caliente region in Michoacán.[78]
Personal life and family[edit]
Moreno González enjoyed watching the Godfather Trilogy and the drama film Braveheart.[79]
He went by several nicknames, including but not limited to El Chayo (hypocorism for "Nazario" or "Rosario", the Spanish word for Rosary),[39] Víctor Nazario Castrejón Peña,[80] El Dulce ("The Candy"), El Doctor ("The Doctor"), and El Más Loco ("The Craziest One"),[28][81][82] In 2014, the Mexican government discovered that the drug lord also held the alias Emiliano Morelos Guevara in reference to revolutionary figures Emiliano Zapata, José María Morelos, and Che Guevara.[83]
His father was reportedly Manuel Moreno, who died on July 2013, according to intelligence reports from Mexican federal agents.[4] The drug lord was the uncle or cousin of Uriel Chávez Mendoza, the municipal president (equivalent of mayor) of Apatzingán.[84][85] He was arrested by Mexican authorities on 15 April 2014 for his alleged ties to organized crime.[86] The city councilman Isidro Villanueva Moreno may also be his cousin too.[87] His half brother and cousin of Plancarte Solís, Antonio Magaña Pantoja, was arrested by Mexican authorities in Apatzingán on 9 February 2014.[88] His half brother Heliodoro Moreno Anguiano (alias "El Yoyo") was arrested by Mexican authorities in Apatzingán, Michoacán on 18 February 2014.[89] His nephew Faustino Andrade González was arrested by the Mexican Federal Police in Apatzingán with four other suspected criminals on 5 June 2014.[90]
Published works[edit]
Pensamientos Del Más Loco (The Sayings of the Craziest One)[26]
Me Dicen: El Más Loco (They Call Me The Craziest One) (2010)[91]
See also[edit]
Jesús Malverde
Sources[edit]
Footnotes[edit]
1.Jump up ^ Since the gunmen carried away the bodies of their partners during the firefight, it is impossible to know the exact number of people who were killed.[92] The police commander, Elías Álvarez, who led the 2010 operation in Apatzingán, estimated that more than 50 people were killed.[32]
References[edit]
1.Jump up ^ "Veneran a fundador de la Familia Michoacana". El Economista (in Spanish). 10 July 2012. Archived from the original on 14 November 2012. Retrieved 14 November 2012.
2.^ Jump up to: a b c Becerra Acosta, Juan Pablo (16 March 2014). ""El más loco" jugó a la muerte y la resurrección... desde niño". Milenio (in Spanish). Archived from the original on 17 March 2014. Retrieved 17 March 2014.
3.^ Jump up to: a b Longmire 2011, p. 26.
4.^ Jump up to: a b "Fallece padre de ‘El Chayo’, fundador de los Templarios". Proceso (magazine) (in Spanish). 23 July 2013. Archived from the original on 11 March 2014. Retrieved 11 March 2014.
5.Jump up ^ "El Chayo escribió un libro autobiográfico". Zócalo Saltillo (in Spanish). 16 March 2014. Archived from the original on 17 March 2014. Retrieved 17 March 2014.
6.Jump up ^ Herrera Cornejo, Arturo (10 March 2014). "El Chayo". La Jornada (in Spanish). Archived from the original on 17 March 2014. Retrieved 17 March 2014.
7.^ Jump up to: a b Castellanos, Francisco J. (4 August 2012). "El Chayo, santo patrono de la tierra caliente". Proceso (in Spanish). Archived from the original on 14 November 2012. Retrieved 14 November 2012.
8.^ Jump up to: a b c Olson, Alexandra (11 December 2010). "Brutal Mexican La Familia cartel chief killed". The Independent. The Associated Press. Archived from the original on 14 November 2012. Retrieved 14 November 2012.
9.Jump up ^ Shoichet, Catherine E. (11 December 2010). "Mexican government: Slain drug lord was 'spiritual leader' of cartel". CNN. Archived from the original on 14 November 2012. Retrieved 14 November 2012.
10.Jump up ^ "Cartel bosses behind Mexico's violent drug wars". MSNBC. NBC News. Archived from the original on 14 November 2012. Retrieved 14 November 2012.
11.Jump up ^ Rivera, Alicia (13 December 2010). "Preocupa a católicos la conversión de "El Chayo". Milenio (in Spanish). Archived from the original on 14 November 2012. Retrieved 14 November 2012.
12.^ Jump up to: a b Benson, Rodney G. (4 October 2011). "Is Merida Antiquated? Part Two: Updating US Policy to Counter Threats of Insurgency and Narco-Terrorism" (PDF). United States Department of Justice. p. 6. Archived from the original on 14 November 2012. Retrieved 14 November 2012.
13.Jump up ^ "Mexico offers $2 million for top drug lords". MSNBC. The Associated Press. 23 March 2009. Archived from the original on 14 November 2012. Retrieved 14 November 2012.
14.Jump up ^ Olson, Alexandra (23 March 2009). "Mexico offers $2 million for top drug lords". El Paso Times. The Associated Press. Archived from the original on 14 November 2012. Retrieved 14 November 2012.
15.Jump up ^ "Federal Register Volume 75, Number 41". United States Department of the Treasury. 3 March 2010. Archived from the original on 28 May 2014. Retrieved 28 May 2014.
16.Jump up ^ De la Luz González, María (13 April 2010). "PF: cártel del Golfo y "La Familia" son aliados". El Universal (in Spanish). Archived from the original on 14 November 2012. Retrieved 15 November 2012.
17.Jump up ^ "La Familia party leads Mexico police to Nazario Moreno". BBC News. 14 December 2010. Archived from the original on 14 November 2012. Retrieved 14 November 2012.
18.^ Jump up to: a b c Wilkinson, Tracy (31 March 2009). "Mexico drug traffickers corrupt politics". Los Angeles Times. Archived from the original on 14 November 2012. Retrieved 14 November 2012.
19.Jump up ^ Booth, William (13 June 2009). "A Mexican Cartel's Swift and Grisly Climb". The Washington Post. The Washington Post Company. Archived from the original on 14 November 2012. Retrieved 14 November 2012.
20.Jump up ^ Chalk, Peter (18 June 2012). "Profiles of Mexico's Seven Major Drug Trafficking Organizations". Combating Terrorism Center. Archived from the original on 14 November 2012. Retrieved 14 November 2012.
21.Jump up ^ Lyman 2010, p. 297.
22.^ Jump up to: a b "El Chayo, el pastor que creó un cartel de narcotráfico". Terra Networks (in Spanish). 10 December 2010. Archived from the original on 14 November 2012. Retrieved 15 November 2012.
23.Jump up ^ Fausset, Ricard (11 March 2014). "In life, Mexican cartel boss was revered as a saint". Chicago Tribune. Original story posted by Los Angeles Times. Archived from the original on 11 March 2014. Retrieved 11 March 2014.
24.Jump up ^ "Personalities: El Chayo". InSight Crime. Archived from the original on 15 November 2012. Retrieved 15 November 2012.
25.Jump up ^ Ruiz, Gustavo (10 December 2010). "Mexican official: La Familia cartel chief is believed dead". Salon. Archived from the original on 14 November 2012. Retrieved 15 November 2012.
26.^ Jump up to: a b Medrano, Marcos (20 January 2014). "Capo plasmó idearios en dos libros para reclutar adeptos". Red Política (in Spanish). El Universal. Archived from the original on 23 January 2014. Retrieved 23 January 2014.
27.^ Jump up to: a b Gómez, Francisco (17 December 2010). "El Chayo", clave en alianzas: expediente". El Universal (in Spanish). Archived from the original on 16 November 2012. Retrieved 16 November 2012.
28.^ Jump up to: a b "Nazario Moreno, 'El Chayo', un criminal en nombre de la justicia divina". CNNMéxico (in Spanish). 11 December 2010. Archived from the original on 14 November 2012. Retrieved 14 November 2012.
29.Jump up ^ Levy 2011, p. 132.
30.Jump up ^ "Mexicans March in Support of 'Craziest' Drug Lord". Fox News. 12 December 2010. Archived from the original on 24 June 2013. Retrieved 24 June 2013.
31.Jump up ^ Weissenstein, Michael (1 November 2011). "At launching point of Mexico's drug war, quasi-religious cartel rules 6 years later". The Vancouver Sun. Archived from the original on 15 November 2012. Retrieved 15 November 2012.
32.^ Jump up to: a b Grillo, Ioan (18 June 2012). "Saint, knights and crystal meth; Mexico's bizarre cartel". MSNBC. Reuters. Archived from the original on 15 November 2012. Retrieved 15 November 2012.
33.Jump up ^ Tuckerman, Jo (10 December 2012). "Mexican drug cartel chief reported dead in gun skirmish". The Guardian (Mexico City). Archived from the original on 22 June 2013. Retrieved 22 June 2013.
34.Jump up ^ "Cops: Chief of La Familia Cartel, Nazario Moreno, Believed Dead After Mexican Shootout". CBS News. 10 December 2010. Archived from the original on 14 November 2012. Retrieved 14 November 2012.
35.Jump up ^ Lange, Jason (10 December 2010). "Mexican drug lord Moreno gunned down". Reuters (Mexico City). Archived from the original on 14 November 2012. Retrieved 14 November 2012.
36.Jump up ^ Grillo, Ioan (18 July 2012). "Saint, knights and crystal meth; Mexico's bizarre cartel". Reuters. Archived from the original on 15 November 2012. Retrieved 15 November 2012.
37.Jump up ^ "La Tuta y Kike Plancarte asumen el control de Los Templarios". Proceso (magazine) (in Spanish). 10 March 2014. Archived from the original on 11 March 2014. Retrieved 11 March 2014.
38.Jump up ^ "Era un secreto a voces que ‘El Chayo’ estaba vivo: Castillo". Milenio (in Spanish). 10 March 2014. Archived from the original on 11 March 2014. Retrieved 11 March 2014.
39.^ Jump up to: a b c Cave, Damian (10 December 2010). "Mexicans Suggest That They Killed a Drug Leader". The New York Times. Archived from the original on 15 November 2012. Retrieved 15 November 2012.
40.^ Jump up to: a b Hernandez, Daniel (13 December 2010). "Michoacan peace march turns into rally for La Familia drug lord". Los Angeles Times. Archived from the original on 15 November 2012. Retrieved 15 November 2012.
41.Jump up ^ Hernandez, Daniel (4 January 2011). "Mexico: La Familia offers to cease January 'activities' in public letter". Los Angeles Times. Archived from the original on 15 November 2012. Retrieved 15 November 2012.
42.Jump up ^ Wilkinson, Tracy (23 June 2011). "Mexico arrest may do little to change the drug cartel equation". Los Angeles Times. Archived from the original on 15 November 2012. Retrieved 15 November 2012.
43.Jump up ^ "La Empresa que originó a Los Templarios". Milenio (in Spanish). 10 March 2014. Archived from the original on 11 March 2014. Retrieved 11 March 2014.
44.^ Jump up to: a b "'Slain' Mexico cartel leader dies a second time". The Washington Post. The Associated Press. 9 March 2014. Archived from the original on 11 March 2014. Retrieved 10 March 2014.
45.Jump up ^ Stevenson, Mark (22 May 2013). "Knights Templar Drug Cartel Burns Michoacan, Western State In Mexico". The Huffington Post. Archived from the original on 11 March 2014. Retrieved 10 March 2014.
46.Jump up ^ "Controlan Caballeros templarios exportación de mineral de hierro". La Jornada (in Spanish). 2 January 2014. Archived from the original on 11 March 2014. Retrieved 10 March 2014.
47.Jump up ^ Althaus, Dudley (4 June 2014). "Who are Mexico's Knights Templar?". GlobalPost. Archived from the original on 11 March 2014. Retrieved 11 March 2014.
48.Jump up ^ Grillo, Ioan (19 January 2014). "Mexican Vigilantes Beat Back Ruthless Knights Templar Cartel". TIME (magazine). Archived from the original on 11 March 2014. Retrieved 10 March 2014.
49.Jump up ^ LaFranchi, Howard (9 March 2014). "Mexico's vigilantes: the aftershocks of ousting a cartel (+video)". The Christian Science Monitor. Archived from the original on 11 March 2014. Retrieved 10 March 2014.
50.Jump up ^ McDermott, Jeremy (9 March 2014). "Breaking News: Mythical Leader of Mexico Cartel Dead - For Sure This Time". InSight Crime. Archived from the original on 11 March 2014. Retrieved 10 March 2014.
51.Jump up ^ "La Familia Michoacana deja mensaje para Calderón y Poiré". Blog del Narco (in Spanish). June 2011. Archived from the original on 24 June 2013. Retrieved 24 June 2013.
52.^ Jump up to: a b Ramsey, Geoffrey (12 October 2011). "Is Slain Drug Boss 'El Chayo' Still Alive?". InSight Crime. Archived from the original on 24 June 2013. Retrieved 24 June 2013.
53.Jump up ^ "Hallan indicios de vida de narco mexicano Nazario Moreno". Univision (in Spanish). 27 October 2012. Archived from the original on 24 June 2013. Retrieved 24 June 2013.
54.Jump up ^ Vega, Aurora (27 October 2012). "Hallan indicios de vida de El Chayo ex líder de La Familia Michoacana". Excélsior (in Spanish). Archived from the original on 24 June 2013. Retrieved 24 June 2013.
55.Jump up ^ Althaus, Dudley (11 June 2012). "Ghost of 'The Craziest One' is Alive in Mexico". InSight Crime. Archived from the original on 24 June 2013. Retrieved 24 June 2013.
56.Jump up ^ "La Tuta y Nazario comieron juntos justo cuando llegaron los federales a Michoacán: iglesia". El Diario de Coahuila (in Spanish). 20 January 2014. Archived from the original on 20 January 2014. Retrieved 20 January 2014.
57.Jump up ^ Johnson, Tim (17 January 2014). "Priests take the lead in fierce revolt against drug gang in Mexico's Michoacan". The McClatchy Company. Archived from the original on 20 January 2013. Retrieved 20 January 2014.
58.Jump up ^ García, Dennis A. (6 February 2014). "Mireles acusa de templaria a la senadora perredista Iris Vianey". La Crónica de Hoy (in Spanish). Archived from the original on 7 February 2014. Retrieved 7 February 2014.
59.Jump up ^ Sánchez, Julián (3 March 2014). "Estuvimos cerca de capturar al Chayo, dicen autodefensas". El Universal (Mexico City) (in Spanish). Archived from the original on 3 March 2014. Retrieved 3 March 2014.
60.Jump up ^ Lohmuller, Michael (6 February 2014). "Rumors Fuel The Legend of the "Narco-Saint". InSight Crime. Archived from the original on 7 February 2014. Retrieved 7 February 2014.
61.Jump up ^ "Nazario Moreno: la leyenda de la resurrección del "primer santo narco". Terra Networks (in Spanish). BBC Mundo. 4 February 2014. Archived from the original on 7 February 2014. Retrieved 7 February 2014.
62.^ Jump up to: a b c Knott, Tracy (12 July 2012). "Dead Drug Boss 'Sainted' in Mexico". InSight Crime. Archived from the original on 14 November 2012. Retrieved 14 November 2012.
63.^ Jump up to: a b "En Michoacán veneran al capo Nazario Moreno". Proceso (in Spanish). 10 July 2012. Archived from the original on 14 November 2012. Retrieved 12 July 2012.
64.Jump up ^ Archibold, Randal (14 January 2014). "A Quandary for Mexico as Vigilantes Rise". The New York Times (in Spanish). Archived from the original on 16 January 2014. Retrieved 16 January 2014.
65.Jump up ^ Mosso, Rubén (10 March 2014). "Confirman muerte de 'El Chayo'". Milenio (in Spanish). Archived from the original on 11 March 2014. Retrieved 10 March 2014.
66.Jump up ^ Shoichet, Catherine E. (9 March 2014). "Notorious Mexican cartel leader Nazario Moreno dead — again". CNN. Archived from the original on 11 March 2014. Retrieved 10 March 2014.
67.Jump up ^ Gómora, Doris (9 March 2014). "Huellas dactilares comprueban que abatido es El Chayo". El Universal (Mexico City) (in Spanish). Archived from the original on 11 March 2014. Retrieved 10 March 2014.
68.Jump up ^ "¿Quién era Nazario Moreno 'El Chayo'?". Diario de Juárez (in Spanish). 10 March 2014. Archived from the original on 11 March 2014. Retrieved 10 March 2014.
69.Jump up ^ "Refuerzan vigilancia para evitar que roben el cuerpo de El Chayo". Proceso (magazine) (in Spanish). 9 March 2014. Archived from the original on 11 March 2014. Retrieved 10 March 2014.
70.Jump up ^ "Resguardan por tierra y aire cuerpo de 'El Chayo'". Red Política (in Spanish). El Universal (Mexico City). 10 March 2014. Archived from the original on 11 March 2014. Retrieved 11 March 2014.
71.Jump up ^ (subscription required) "Murió 'El Chayo' de dos impactos de bala". Reforma (in Spanish) (Mexico City). 11 March 2014. Archived from the original on 12 March 2014. Retrieved 12 March 2014.
72.Jump up ^ "Trasladan cuerpo de "El Chayo" a Morelia". El Universal (Mexico City) (in Spanish). Agencia Quadratín. 12 March 2014. Archived from the original on 13 March 2014. Retrieved 13 March 2014.
73.Jump up ^ Alvarado, Noel F. (10 March 2014). ""El Más Loco" gustaba torturar hasta la muerte a sus rivales". La Prensa (in Spanish). Organización Editorial Mexicana. Archived from the original on 11 March 2014. Retrieved 10 March 2014.
74.Jump up ^ (subscription required) García, Adán (14 March 2014). "Entregan cuerpo de 'El Chayo'". El Norte (Monterrey) (in Spanish). Archived from the original on 15 March 2014. Retrieved 15 March 2014.
75.Jump up ^ "Entregan cuerpo de "El Chayo" a sus familiares". El Universal (Mexico City) (in Spanish). Agencia Quadratín. 14 March 2014. Archived from the original on 15 March 2014. Retrieved 15 March 2014.
76.Jump up ^ "Velan a 'El Chayo' en Morelia sin presencia militar ni policial". Diario de Juárez (in Spanish). 15 March 2014. Archived from the original on 16 March 2014. Retrieved 16 March 2014.
77.Jump up ^ "Realizan en Morelia funeral de ‘El Chayo’". Milenio (in Spanish). Agencia Quadratín. 15 March 2014. Archived from the original on 16 March 2014. Retrieved 16 March 2014.
78.Jump up ^ Martínez Elorriaga, Ernesto (15 March 2014). "Reducido grupo vela a Nazario Moreno 'El Chayo' en Morelia". La Jornada (in Spanish). Archived from the original on 16 March 2014. Retrieved 16 March 2014.
79.Jump up ^ Grillo, Ioan (22 June 2011). "Top 10 Notorious Mexican Drug Lords: Nazario Moreno González". TIME. Archived from the original on 14 November 2012. Retrieved 15 November 2012.
80.Jump up ^ Araizaga, Jorge Carrasco (21 June 2011). "La entrega del Chango Méndez" (in Spanish). Proceso (magazine). Archived from the original on 30 July 2014. Retrieved 30 July 2014.
81.Jump up ^ "Golpe a 'La Familia'; murió "El Chayo", uno de los líderes". Organización Editorial Mexicana (in Spanish). 11 December 2010. Archived from the original on 15 November 2012. Retrieved 15 November 2012.
82.Jump up ^ "Perfil Nazario Moreno González, el adoctrinador". El Universal (in Spanish). 10 December 2010. Archived from the original on 14 November 2012. Retrieved 14 November 2012.
83.Jump up ^ Becerra Acosta, Juan Pablo (10 March 2014). "Nazario narra la muerte de Nazario". Milenio (in Spanish). Archived from the original on 11 March 2014. Retrieved 11 March 2014.
84.Jump up ^ Gil Olmos, José (29 January 2014). "Narcopolítica michoacana". Proceso (magazine) (in Spanish). Archived from the original on 7 February 2014. Retrieved 7 February 2014.
85.Jump up ^ "Difunden nombres de funcionarios Michoacán presuntamente relacionados con Templarios". Radio Fórmula (in Spanish). Notimex. 16 January 2014. Archived from the original on 11 March 2014. Retrieved 11 March 2014.
86.Jump up ^ Martínez, Dalia (15 April 2014). "Caen ediles de Tacámbaro y de Apatzingán". El Universal (Mexico City) (in Spanish). Archived from the original on 16 April 2014. Retrieved 16 April 2014.
87.Jump up ^ "Regidor en Apatzingán podría ser primo de Nazario Moreno González alias El Chayo". Radio Fórmula (in Spanish). 21 January 2014. Archived from the original on 7 February 2014. Retrieved 7 February 2014.
88.Jump up ^ Mosso, Rubén (9 February 2014). "Capturan a primo de ‘Kike’ Plancarte". Milenio (in Spanish). Archived from the original on 9 February 2014. Retrieved 9 February 2014.
89.Jump up ^ "Cacería de templarios: caen ‘El Nito’ y medio hermano de ‘El Chayo’". Proceso (magazine) (in Spanish). 19 February 2014. Archived from the original on 19 February 2014. Retrieved 19 February 2014.
90.Jump up ^ "Caen familiares de 'El Chayo' y 'El Kike' Plancarte en Apatzingán" (in Spanish). Proceso (magazine). 5 June 2014. Archived from the original on 5 June 2014. Retrieved 5 June 2014.
91.Jump up ^ Vargas, J.C. (19 January 2014). "Exhiben excesos de 'templarios'". Excélsior (in Spanish). Archived from the original on 11 March 2014. Retrieved 11 March 2014.
92.Jump up ^ Wilkinson, Tracy (11 December 2012). "La Familia cartel leader believed killed in Michoacan violence". Los Angeles Times. Archived from the original on 15 November 2012. Retrieved 15 November 2012.
Bibliography[edit]
Lyman, Michael D. (2010). Drugs in Society: Causes, Concepts and Control (6th ed.). Elsevier. ISBN 1437744508.
Levy, David A. (2011). Echoes of Mind: Thinking Deeply about Humanship (1st ed.). Enso Books. ISBN 0982018576.
Longmire, Sylvia (2011). Cartel: The Coming Invasion of Mexico's Drug Wars (1st ed.). Palgrave Macmillan. ISBN 0230111378.
External links[edit]
La Familia: Another Deadly Mexican Syndicate (archive) — Foreign Policy Research Institute


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Categories: 1970 births
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Mexican mob bosses
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Bria Valente

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Jump to: navigation, search


Bria Valente
Bria v 2.jpg
Bria Valente in December 2006.

Background information

Birth name
Brenda Fuentes
Born
Minneapolis, Minnesota, United States
Genres
R&B
Occupation(s)
Singer
Years active
2001–present
Labels
NPG
Associated acts
Prince
Bria Valente (born Brenda Fuentes)[1] is an American singer. A protégée of Prince, Valente released her debut album, Elixer, as part of a three-album set with Prince's LOtUSFLOW3R and MPLSoUND on March 29, 2009.[1] The collection debuted at #2 on the top Billboard albums chart.[2]
Valente was born and raised in Minneapolis, Minnesota. She stated in an interview with Tavis Smiley that she first met Prince at the age of 17 at Paisley Park Studios while working with keyboardist Morris Hayes.[3] She later moved to Los Angeles, California, and worked as a model and background dancer for Usher.[1] She is credited with backing vocals on Usher's 2001 album 8701.[citation needed]
Valente returned to Minneapolis, where she began her association with Prince, contributing vocals to his 2007 album, Planet Earth.[1] Valente recorded Elixer in 2009; she sang lead vocals, with Prince on guitar, and Morris Hayes providing beats.[1][4] Prince described it as a quiet storm album.[5] The music review website Metacritic rated the album 49 out of 100, labeling it as having "mixed or average reviews", based on 12 reviews.[6] The album was released through the website lotusflow3r.com, as well as exclusively through U.S. retailer Target.[7]
As of 2010, Valente was Prince's girlfriend. She also became a Jehovah's Witness during this period.[8] Purple Music, a Swiss-based record label releases Bria Valente CD single "2 Nite" on February 23, 2012 as part of a Prince club remixes package including the single "Dance 4 Me" by Prince which was released February 23, 2012.[9]
Discography[edit]
Elixer (2009), NPG Records – debut album, produced by Prince.
2nite (single) (2012), Purple Music Switzerland - remixes by David Alexander and Jamie Lewis, produced by Prince.
References[edit]
1.^ Jump up to: a b c d e Bria Valente. Allmusic.
2.Jump up ^ "Keith Urban Scores First No. 1 Album". April 8, 2009. Access Hollywood. Retrieved on June 26, 2009.
3.Jump up ^ Bria Valente interview. Tavis Smiley. April 28, 2009. Retrieved June 26, 2009.
4.Jump up ^ Michaels, Sean (January 2, 2009) "Prince to release three albums in 2009". The Guardian. Retrieved on June 26, 2009.
5.Jump up ^ Edwards, Gavin (April 6, 2009). "Bria Valente: Elixir". Rolling Stone. Retrieved on June 26, 2009.
6.Jump up ^ "Bria Valente: Elixir (2009)". Metacritic. Retrieved on June 26, 2009.
7.Jump up ^ du Lac, J. Freedom (April 3, 2009). "Prince's new three-album set includes some winners". The San Jose Mercury News. Retrieved on June 26, 2009.
8.Jump up ^ Willis, Peter (July 5, 2010). "Prince - world exclusive interview: Peter Willis goes inside the star's secret world". Daily Mirror. Retrieved on July 6, 2010.
9.Jump up ^ Jamie Lewis, Purple Music Label (Feb 23rd, 2012)."[1]".



 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  


Categories: American female singers
American rhythm and blues singers
Living people
Musicians from Minnesota
Prince (musician)








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This page was last modified on 3 January 2015, at 04:05.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License; additional terms may apply. By using this site, you agree to the Terms of Use and Privacy Policy. Wikipedia® is a registered trademark of the Wikimedia Foundation, Inc., a non-profit organization.
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 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bria_Valente









Bria Valente

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Jump to: navigation, search


Bria Valente
Bria v 2.jpg
Bria Valente in December 2006.

Background information

Birth name
Brenda Fuentes
Born
Minneapolis, Minnesota, United States
Genres
R&B
Occupation(s)
Singer
Years active
2001–present
Labels
NPG
Associated acts
Prince
Bria Valente (born Brenda Fuentes)[1] is an American singer. A protégée of Prince, Valente released her debut album, Elixer, as part of a three-album set with Prince's LOtUSFLOW3R and MPLSoUND on March 29, 2009.[1] The collection debuted at #2 on the top Billboard albums chart.[2]
Valente was born and raised in Minneapolis, Minnesota. She stated in an interview with Tavis Smiley that she first met Prince at the age of 17 at Paisley Park Studios while working with keyboardist Morris Hayes.[3] She later moved to Los Angeles, California, and worked as a model and background dancer for Usher.[1] She is credited with backing vocals on Usher's 2001 album 8701.[citation needed]
Valente returned to Minneapolis, where she began her association with Prince, contributing vocals to his 2007 album, Planet Earth.[1] Valente recorded Elixer in 2009; she sang lead vocals, with Prince on guitar, and Morris Hayes providing beats.[1][4] Prince described it as a quiet storm album.[5] The music review website Metacritic rated the album 49 out of 100, labeling it as having "mixed or average reviews", based on 12 reviews.[6] The album was released through the website lotusflow3r.com, as well as exclusively through U.S. retailer Target.[7]
As of 2010, Valente was Prince's girlfriend. She also became a Jehovah's Witness during this period.[8] Purple Music, a Swiss-based record label releases Bria Valente CD single "2 Nite" on February 23, 2012 as part of a Prince club remixes package including the single "Dance 4 Me" by Prince which was released February 23, 2012.[9]
Discography[edit]
Elixer (2009), NPG Records – debut album, produced by Prince.
2nite (single) (2012), Purple Music Switzerland - remixes by David Alexander and Jamie Lewis, produced by Prince.
References[edit]
1.^ Jump up to: a b c d e Bria Valente. Allmusic.
2.Jump up ^ "Keith Urban Scores First No. 1 Album". April 8, 2009. Access Hollywood. Retrieved on June 26, 2009.
3.Jump up ^ Bria Valente interview. Tavis Smiley. April 28, 2009. Retrieved June 26, 2009.
4.Jump up ^ Michaels, Sean (January 2, 2009) "Prince to release three albums in 2009". The Guardian. Retrieved on June 26, 2009.
5.Jump up ^ Edwards, Gavin (April 6, 2009). "Bria Valente: Elixir". Rolling Stone. Retrieved on June 26, 2009.
6.Jump up ^ "Bria Valente: Elixir (2009)". Metacritic. Retrieved on June 26, 2009.
7.Jump up ^ du Lac, J. Freedom (April 3, 2009). "Prince's new three-album set includes some winners". The San Jose Mercury News. Retrieved on June 26, 2009.
8.Jump up ^ Willis, Peter (July 5, 2010). "Prince - world exclusive interview: Peter Willis goes inside the star's secret world". Daily Mirror. Retrieved on July 6, 2010.
9.Jump up ^ Jamie Lewis, Purple Music Label (Feb 23rd, 2012)."[1]".



 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  


Categories: American female singers
American rhythm and blues singers
Living people
Musicians from Minnesota
Prince (musician)








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Margaret Keane

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Jump to: navigation, search


Margaret Keane

Born
Peggy Doris Hawkins
 1927 (age 87–88)
Nashville, Tennessee
Other names
Peggy Ulbrich, MDH Keane, Margaret McGuire
Occupation
Artist
Spouse(s)
Frank Richard Ulbrich,
Walter Keane (m. 1955; div. 1965),
 Daniel Francis McGuire (m. 1970)
Children
1
Website
www.keane-eyes.com
Margaret D. H. Keane (born Peggy Doris Hawkins; September 15, 1927) is an American artist who mainly paints women, children, and animals with big eyes in oil or mixed media.


Contents  [hide]
1 Early life
2 Career and style
3 Media portrayal
4 References
5 External links

Early life[edit]
Margaret Keane was born in Tennessee. She was well known at the local church for her sketches of angels with big eyes and floppy wings.
Career and style[edit]
Keane's works are recognizable by the oversized, doe-like eyes of her subjects.[1]
In the 1960s, her artwork was sold under the name of her husband, Walter Keane, who claimed credit for it.[2] On November 1, 1964, she left him and moved from San Francisco to Hawaii, where she met Honolulu sports writer Dan McGuire. She divorced Keane in 1965 and married McGuire in 1970.[3]
In 1970, Keane announced on a radio broadcast that she was the creator of the paintings.
When she sued Walter in federal court for slander, the judge famously ordered both Margaret and Walter to each create a big-eyed child painting there in the courtroom in order to determine who was telling the truth. Walter declined, citing a sore shoulder, whereas she completed her painting in 53 minutes. After a three-week trial, the jury awarded her $4 million in damages.[1][4] A federal appeals court upheld the verdict of defamation in 1990, but overturned the $4 million damage award.[5]
The works Keane created while living in the shadow of her husband tended to depict sad-looking children in dark settings. After she left Walter Keane, moved to Hawaii, and became one of Jehovah's Witnesses, her work took on a happier, brighter style. Keane's website now advertises her work as having "tears of joy" or "tears of happiness".[6]
Actresses Joan Crawford and Natalie Wood commissioned Keane to paint their portraits.[7][8] In the 1990s, Tim Burton, a Keane artwork collector and later director of the film Big Eyes (about Keane), commissioned the artist to paint a portrait of his then-girlfriend Lisa Marie.[9]
As of 2015, Keane lives in Napa County, California.[10][11]
Media portrayal[edit]
In 1973, Woody Allen's comedy Sleeper features people of the future, who consider Keane to be one of the greatest artists in history.
In the 1980s, the television series Saturday Night Live aired a skit featuring Keane's work as a parody of the reaction against modern art (e.g., Cubism or the New York Armory Show). Additionally, in the sitcom Newhart, Bob looks at a Keane-inspired painting with his puzzled observation as, "Children with big ears?"
In 1998, cartoon series the Powerpuff Girls debuts by animator Craig McCracken, featuring leads based on Keane's "waifs" (and a character named "Ms. Keane").
In 1999, Matthew Sweet's album In Reverse features one of Keane's oil paintings on its cover.[12]
Keane and her former husband Walter are the main focus of the 2014 biographical film Big Eyes, in which Keane was portrayed by actress Amy Adams.[13] The film was directed by Tim Burton, a Keane collector.[9]
References[edit]
1.^ Jump up to: a b "Tim Burton 'Big Eyes' Movie Tells The Story Of Art Couple Margaret and Walter Keane...". Huffington Post. April 4, 2013. Retrieved 2013-06-09.
2.Jump up ^ Ryzik, Melen (December 18, 2014). "The Artist Margaret Keane, Vindicated in Tim Burton's Film". The New York Times.
3.Jump up ^ "Big Eyes and All: The Unofficial Biography of Margaret Keane", page 27
4.Jump up ^ Kunen, James S. (23 June 1986). "Margaret Keane's Artful Case Proves That She—and Not Her Ex-Husband—made Waifs". People.
5.Jump up ^ "Keane left isles for California in '91". Honolulu Star Bulletin. August 6, 1997.
6.Jump up ^ "My Life as a Famous Artist", Awake!, July 8, 1975
7.Jump up ^ "Joan Crawford Awards, Art, and Other Personal Items". The Best of Everything: A Joan Crawford Encyclopedia. Retrieved 2015-03-17.
8.Jump up ^ Bas, Borja (July 19, 2013). "El infierno de la artista que iluminó a Tim Burton" [The Artist Who Brightened Tim Burton Lived Through Hell]. El País. Retrieved 2015-03-17.
9.^ Jump up to: a b “The big-eyed children: the extraordinary story of an epic art fraud”, “The Guardian”, October 26, 2014, Retrieved 2014-10-28.
10.Jump up ^ Jesse Hamlin (December 14, 2014). "Artist Margaret Keane hasn’t lost wide-eyed enthusiasm for work". SF Chronicle.
11.Jump up ^ Keane Eyes Gallery
12.Jump up ^ Stratton, Jeff (February 2, 2000). "Matthew Sweet".
13.Jump up ^ "Harvey Weinstein Praises ‘Big Eyes’ Screenwriters-Producers at Film’s Premiere". Variety.
External links[edit]
Margaret Keane info available on the Laguna Museum web site
Official Collectors Gallery by Copper State Design
Ask Art
An excerpt transcribed from Awake! magazine of July 8, 1975 reposted by Megan Besmirched
Keane Eyes Gallery


Authority control
VIAF: 125096410 ·
 GND: 142435619 ·
 ULAN: 500333900 ·
 RKD: 296851
 




 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  


Categories: American women painters
Painters from California
Painters from Tennessee
1927 births
Living people
People from Nashville, Tennessee
20th-century American painters








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 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Margaret_Keane









Margaret Keane

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Jump to: navigation, search


Margaret Keane

Born
Peggy Doris Hawkins
 1927 (age 87–88)
Nashville, Tennessee
Other names
Peggy Ulbrich, MDH Keane, Margaret McGuire
Occupation
Artist
Spouse(s)
Frank Richard Ulbrich,
Walter Keane (m. 1955; div. 1965),
 Daniel Francis McGuire (m. 1970)
Children
1
Website
www.keane-eyes.com
Margaret D. H. Keane (born Peggy Doris Hawkins; September 15, 1927) is an American artist who mainly paints women, children, and animals with big eyes in oil or mixed media.


Contents  [hide]
1 Early life
2 Career and style
3 Media portrayal
4 References
5 External links

Early life[edit]
Margaret Keane was born in Tennessee. She was well known at the local church for her sketches of angels with big eyes and floppy wings.
Career and style[edit]
Keane's works are recognizable by the oversized, doe-like eyes of her subjects.[1]
In the 1960s, her artwork was sold under the name of her husband, Walter Keane, who claimed credit for it.[2] On November 1, 1964, she left him and moved from San Francisco to Hawaii, where she met Honolulu sports writer Dan McGuire. She divorced Keane in 1965 and married McGuire in 1970.[3]
In 1970, Keane announced on a radio broadcast that she was the creator of the paintings.
When she sued Walter in federal court for slander, the judge famously ordered both Margaret and Walter to each create a big-eyed child painting there in the courtroom in order to determine who was telling the truth. Walter declined, citing a sore shoulder, whereas she completed her painting in 53 minutes. After a three-week trial, the jury awarded her $4 million in damages.[1][4] A federal appeals court upheld the verdict of defamation in 1990, but overturned the $4 million damage award.[5]
The works Keane created while living in the shadow of her husband tended to depict sad-looking children in dark settings. After she left Walter Keane, moved to Hawaii, and became one of Jehovah's Witnesses, her work took on a happier, brighter style. Keane's website now advertises her work as having "tears of joy" or "tears of happiness".[6]
Actresses Joan Crawford and Natalie Wood commissioned Keane to paint their portraits.[7][8] In the 1990s, Tim Burton, a Keane artwork collector and later director of the film Big Eyes (about Keane), commissioned the artist to paint a portrait of his then-girlfriend Lisa Marie.[9]
As of 2015, Keane lives in Napa County, California.[10][11]
Media portrayal[edit]
In 1973, Woody Allen's comedy Sleeper features people of the future, who consider Keane to be one of the greatest artists in history.
In the 1980s, the television series Saturday Night Live aired a skit featuring Keane's work as a parody of the reaction against modern art (e.g., Cubism or the New York Armory Show). Additionally, in the sitcom Newhart, Bob looks at a Keane-inspired painting with his puzzled observation as, "Children with big ears?"
In 1998, cartoon series the Powerpuff Girls debuts by animator Craig McCracken, featuring leads based on Keane's "waifs" (and a character named "Ms. Keane").
In 1999, Matthew Sweet's album In Reverse features one of Keane's oil paintings on its cover.[12]
Keane and her former husband Walter are the main focus of the 2014 biographical film Big Eyes, in which Keane was portrayed by actress Amy Adams.[13] The film was directed by Tim Burton, a Keane collector.[9]
References[edit]
1.^ Jump up to: a b "Tim Burton 'Big Eyes' Movie Tells The Story Of Art Couple Margaret and Walter Keane...". Huffington Post. April 4, 2013. Retrieved 2013-06-09.
2.Jump up ^ Ryzik, Melen (December 18, 2014). "The Artist Margaret Keane, Vindicated in Tim Burton's Film". The New York Times.
3.Jump up ^ "Big Eyes and All: The Unofficial Biography of Margaret Keane", page 27
4.Jump up ^ Kunen, James S. (23 June 1986). "Margaret Keane's Artful Case Proves That She—and Not Her Ex-Husband—made Waifs". People.
5.Jump up ^ "Keane left isles for California in '91". Honolulu Star Bulletin. August 6, 1997.
6.Jump up ^ "My Life as a Famous Artist", Awake!, July 8, 1975
7.Jump up ^ "Joan Crawford Awards, Art, and Other Personal Items". The Best of Everything: A Joan Crawford Encyclopedia. Retrieved 2015-03-17.
8.Jump up ^ Bas, Borja (July 19, 2013). "El infierno de la artista que iluminó a Tim Burton" [The Artist Who Brightened Tim Burton Lived Through Hell]. El País. Retrieved 2015-03-17.
9.^ Jump up to: a b “The big-eyed children: the extraordinary story of an epic art fraud”, “The Guardian”, October 26, 2014, Retrieved 2014-10-28.
10.Jump up ^ Jesse Hamlin (December 14, 2014). "Artist Margaret Keane hasn’t lost wide-eyed enthusiasm for work". SF Chronicle.
11.Jump up ^ Keane Eyes Gallery
12.Jump up ^ Stratton, Jeff (February 2, 2000). "Matthew Sweet".
13.Jump up ^ "Harvey Weinstein Praises ‘Big Eyes’ Screenwriters-Producers at Film’s Premiere". Variety.
External links[edit]
Margaret Keane info available on the Laguna Museum web site
Official Collectors Gallery by Copper State Design
Ask Art
An excerpt transcribed from Awake! magazine of July 8, 1975 reposted by Megan Besmirched
Keane Eyes Gallery


Authority control
VIAF: 125096410 ·
 GND: 142435619 ·
 ULAN: 500333900 ·
 RKD: 296851
 




 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  


Categories: American women painters
Painters from California
Painters from Tennessee
1927 births
Living people
People from Nashville, Tennessee
20th-century American painters








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 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Margaret_Keane









Ida Stover Eisenhower

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Jump to: navigation, search

Ida Elizabeth Stover Eisenhower (May 1, 1862 – September 11, 1946) was the mother of U.S. President Dwight David Eisenhower (1890-1969), and university president Milton Stover Eisenhower (1899–1985) as well as Edgar N. Eisenhower (1889–1971), and Earl D. Eisenhower (1898–1968).
She was born in Mount Sidney, Virginia, the only daughter of Elizabeth Ida Judah Link and Simon P. Stover.
She was christened Elizabeth Ida in the Salem Lutheran Church, Mount Sidney, Virginia (currently the Salem Evangelical Lutheran Church). She was orphaned on the deaths of her mother, Elizabeth Link Stover (1822–1867), originally Elizabeth Juda according to Salem Church baptismal records but later changed to Elizabeth Ida, and father, Simon Stover (1822–1873).
She lived with her maternal grandparents, William Link and Esther Schindler Link, on their farm until William's death in 1879, and then with her maternal uncle and aunt, William J. Link and Susan Cook Link, on their farm until age twenty-one whereupon she joined two of her brothers Stover who had moved to Kansas. Ida was five years old when her mother died; she was sent to live with her maternal grandparents, then with maternal uncle and aunt, and on turning twenty-one years of age to her elder brothers in Kansas, as described in the preceding sentence. They did not believe girls should be educated, and instead pushed her to memorize the Bible. When Ida was ready to go to high school, she was told that she couldn't, so she ran away.
Stover graduated from high school at age 19 and taught for two years[citation needed] before entering Lane University, where she met her future husband, David Jacob Eisenhower.[1]
On September 23, 1885 in Lecompton, Kansas on the campus of their alma mater, Lane University, she married David Jacob Eisenhower (1863–1942), of German and Swiss ancestry. He was a college-educated engineer but had trouble making a living and the family was always poor.[2]
In the 1890s Ida left the River Brethren Christian group, and joined the International Bible Students, which would evolve into what is now known as Jehovah's Witnesses. The Eisenhower home served as the local meeting hall for the Bible Students from 1896 to 1915 but her sons, although raised there, never joined the movement.[3]
She was a lifelong pacifist,[4] so Dwight's decision to attend West Point saddened her. She felt that warfare was "rather wicked," but she did not overrule him.[5]
In 1945 Stover was named Kansas Mother of the Year.[6]
Dwight Eisenhower said of her:
"Many such persons of her faith, selflessness, and boundless consideration of others have been called saintly. She was that—but above all she was a worker, an administrator, a teacher and guide, a truly wonderful woman."[7]
References[edit]
1.Jump up ^ "I Chose My Way". Time. Time, Inc. September 23, 1946. Retrieved 2009-03-17.
2.Jump up ^ Stephen E. Ambrose, Eisenhower: Soldier, General of the Army, President-Elect, 1890–1952 (1983) pp 13-14
3.Jump up ^ Jerry Bergman, "Steeped in Religion: President Eisenhower and the Influence of the Jehovah's Witnesses," Kansas History, (Aut. 1998)
4.Jump up ^ "Eisenhower: A Factual Sketch". time.com. Time. 1952-04-07. Retrieved 2008-09-06.
5.Jump up ^ Carlo D'Este, Eisenhower: a soldier's life (2002) p. 58
6.Jump up ^ "Women's Studies : A Guide to the Historical Holdings in the Eisenhower Library" (PDF). www.eisenhower.archives.gov. Eisenhower Library. April 1994. p. 11. Retrieved 2008-09-05.[dead link]
7.Jump up ^ Eisenhower, Dwight D. At Ease. Doubleday, 1967, p. 306.
External links[edit]
Mrs. J.E. Johntz Papers regarding the Selection of Ida Stover Eisenhower as Kansas Mother of the Year (1945), Dwight D. Eisenhower Presidential Library


[hide]
v ·
 t ·
 e
 
Dwight D. Eisenhower


34th President of the United States (1953–1961) ·
 Supreme Allied Commander Europe (1951–1952) ·
 Chief of Staff of the Army (1945–1948) ·
 Commander, Supreme Headquarters Allied Expeditionary Force, 1943-1945
 

Military
 career
Military career ·
 1919 Motor Transport Corps convoy ·
 Louisiana Maneuvers ·
 Operation Torch ·
 European Theater of Operations ·
 Allied invasion of Sicily ·
 Normandy landings ·
 Operation Veritable ·
 Military Governor, U.S. Occupation Zone in Germany  (Disarmed Enemy Forces ·
 European Advisory Commission)
   ·
 Supreme Commander of NATO, 1951-1952
 

Presidency
Presidency ·
 1953 inauguration ·
 1957 inauguration ·
 Korean War Armistice ·
 1953 Iranian coup d'état ·
 Chance for Peace speech ·
 Atoms for Peace speech ·
 Civil Rights Act of 1957 ·
 Cold War  (Domino theory ·
 Khrushchev, Eisenhower and De-Stalinization ·
 New Look policy ·
 1955 Geneva Summit ·
 1960 U-2 incident)
   ·
 NASA ·
 DARPA ·
 National Defense Education Act ·
 Interstate Highway System ·
 Suez Crisis ·
 Eisenhower Doctrine ·
 Little Rock Nine intervention ·
 Operation 40 ·
 Farewell address / "Military–industrial complex" ·
 Office of Food for Peace ·
 President's Council on Physical Fitness and Sports ·
 People to People Student Ambassador Program ·
 State of the Union Address (1955 ·
 1956 ·
 1960) ·
 Cabinet ·
 Judicial appointments  (Supreme Court)
 
 

Books
Crusade in Europe (1948)
 

Elections
Draft Eisenhower movement ·
 Republican Party presidential primaries, 1948 ·
 1952 ·
 1956 ·
 Republican National Convention, 1952 ·
 1956 ·
 United States Presidential election, 1952 ·
 1956
 

Legacy
Birthplace ·
 Eisenhower Presidential Library, Museum, gravesite  (Boyhood home)
   ·
 Eisenhower National Historic Site ·
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 Eisenhower Executive Office Building ·
 Eisenhower Fellowships ·
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 Eisenhower dollar  (commemorative)
   ·
 Postage stamps ·
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 Eisenhower Medical Center ·
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 Other tributes and memorials
 

Popular
 culture
Eisenhower jacket ·
 Eisenhower Tree ·
 Crusade in Europe (1949 television series) ·
 Ike (1979 miniseries) ·
 Ike: Countdown to D-Day (2004 film) ·
 Pressure (2014 play)
 

Family
Mamie Geneva Doud Eisenhower (wife) ·
 Doud Eisenhower (son) ·
 John Eisenhower (son) ·
 David Eisenhower (grandson) ·
 Susan Eisenhower (granddaughter) ·
 Mary Jean Eisenhower (granddaughter) ·
 Jennie Eisenhower (great-granddaughter) ·
 Ida Elizabeth Stover Eisenhower (mother) ·
 David Jacob Eisenhower (father) ·
 Earl D. Eisenhower (brother) ·
 Edgar N. Eisenhower (brother) ·
 Milton S. Eisenhower (brother)
 

Related
Eisenhower baseball controversy ·
 Camp David ·
 "And I don't care what it is" ·
 Atoms for Peace Award ·
 Eddie Slovik ·
 Kay Summersby
 

← Harry S. Truman ·
 John F. Kennedy →
 Commons page Commons ·
 Wikibooks page Wikibooks ·
 Wikiquote page Wikiquote ·
 Wikisource page Wikisource texts
 




 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  


Categories: 1862 births
1946 deaths
American people of German descent
American Christian pacifists
Eisenhower family
People from Augusta County, Virginia







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 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ida_Stover_Eisenhower









Ida Stover Eisenhower

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Jump to: navigation, search

Ida Elizabeth Stover Eisenhower (May 1, 1862 – September 11, 1946) was the mother of U.S. President Dwight David Eisenhower (1890-1969), and university president Milton Stover Eisenhower (1899–1985) as well as Edgar N. Eisenhower (1889–1971), and Earl D. Eisenhower (1898–1968).
She was born in Mount Sidney, Virginia, the only daughter of Elizabeth Ida Judah Link and Simon P. Stover.
She was christened Elizabeth Ida in the Salem Lutheran Church, Mount Sidney, Virginia (currently the Salem Evangelical Lutheran Church). She was orphaned on the deaths of her mother, Elizabeth Link Stover (1822–1867), originally Elizabeth Juda according to Salem Church baptismal records but later changed to Elizabeth Ida, and father, Simon Stover (1822–1873).
She lived with her maternal grandparents, William Link and Esther Schindler Link, on their farm until William's death in 1879, and then with her maternal uncle and aunt, William J. Link and Susan Cook Link, on their farm until age twenty-one whereupon she joined two of her brothers Stover who had moved to Kansas. Ida was five years old when her mother died; she was sent to live with her maternal grandparents, then with maternal uncle and aunt, and on turning twenty-one years of age to her elder brothers in Kansas, as described in the preceding sentence. They did not believe girls should be educated, and instead pushed her to memorize the Bible. When Ida was ready to go to high school, she was told that she couldn't, so she ran away.
Stover graduated from high school at age 19 and taught for two years[citation needed] before entering Lane University, where she met her future husband, David Jacob Eisenhower.[1]
On September 23, 1885 in Lecompton, Kansas on the campus of their alma mater, Lane University, she married David Jacob Eisenhower (1863–1942), of German and Swiss ancestry. He was a college-educated engineer but had trouble making a living and the family was always poor.[2]
In the 1890s Ida left the River Brethren Christian group, and joined the International Bible Students, which would evolve into what is now known as Jehovah's Witnesses. The Eisenhower home served as the local meeting hall for the Bible Students from 1896 to 1915 but her sons, although raised there, never joined the movement.[3]
She was a lifelong pacifist,[4] so Dwight's decision to attend West Point saddened her. She felt that warfare was "rather wicked," but she did not overrule him.[5]
In 1945 Stover was named Kansas Mother of the Year.[6]
Dwight Eisenhower said of her:
"Many such persons of her faith, selflessness, and boundless consideration of others have been called saintly. She was that—but above all she was a worker, an administrator, a teacher and guide, a truly wonderful woman."[7]
References[edit]
1.Jump up ^ "I Chose My Way". Time. Time, Inc. September 23, 1946. Retrieved 2009-03-17.
2.Jump up ^ Stephen E. Ambrose, Eisenhower: Soldier, General of the Army, President-Elect, 1890–1952 (1983) pp 13-14
3.Jump up ^ Jerry Bergman, "Steeped in Religion: President Eisenhower and the Influence of the Jehovah's Witnesses," Kansas History, (Aut. 1998)
4.Jump up ^ "Eisenhower: A Factual Sketch". time.com. Time. 1952-04-07. Retrieved 2008-09-06.
5.Jump up ^ Carlo D'Este, Eisenhower: a soldier's life (2002) p. 58
6.Jump up ^ "Women's Studies : A Guide to the Historical Holdings in the Eisenhower Library" (PDF). www.eisenhower.archives.gov. Eisenhower Library. April 1994. p. 11. Retrieved 2008-09-05.[dead link]
7.Jump up ^ Eisenhower, Dwight D. At Ease. Doubleday, 1967, p. 306.
External links[edit]
Mrs. J.E. Johntz Papers regarding the Selection of Ida Stover Eisenhower as Kansas Mother of the Year (1945), Dwight D. Eisenhower Presidential Library


[hide]
v ·
 t ·
 e
 
Dwight D. Eisenhower


34th President of the United States (1953–1961) ·
 Supreme Allied Commander Europe (1951–1952) ·
 Chief of Staff of the Army (1945–1948) ·
 Commander, Supreme Headquarters Allied Expeditionary Force, 1943-1945
 

Military
 career
Military career ·
 1919 Motor Transport Corps convoy ·
 Louisiana Maneuvers ·
 Operation Torch ·
 European Theater of Operations ·
 Allied invasion of Sicily ·
 Normandy landings ·
 Operation Veritable ·
 Military Governor, U.S. Occupation Zone in Germany  (Disarmed Enemy Forces ·
 European Advisory Commission)
   ·
 Supreme Commander of NATO, 1951-1952
 

Presidency
Presidency ·
 1953 inauguration ·
 1957 inauguration ·
 Korean War Armistice ·
 1953 Iranian coup d'état ·
 Chance for Peace speech ·
 Atoms for Peace speech ·
 Civil Rights Act of 1957 ·
 Cold War  (Domino theory ·
 Khrushchev, Eisenhower and De-Stalinization ·
 New Look policy ·
 1955 Geneva Summit ·
 1960 U-2 incident)
   ·
 NASA ·
 DARPA ·
 National Defense Education Act ·
 Interstate Highway System ·
 Suez Crisis ·
 Eisenhower Doctrine ·
 Little Rock Nine intervention ·
 Operation 40 ·
 Farewell address / "Military–industrial complex" ·
 Office of Food for Peace ·
 President's Council on Physical Fitness and Sports ·
 People to People Student Ambassador Program ·
 State of the Union Address (1955 ·
 1956 ·
 1960) ·
 Cabinet ·
 Judicial appointments  (Supreme Court)
 
 

Books
Crusade in Europe (1948)
 

Elections
Draft Eisenhower movement ·
 Republican Party presidential primaries, 1948 ·
 1952 ·
 1956 ·
 Republican National Convention, 1952 ·
 1956 ·
 United States Presidential election, 1952 ·
 1956
 

Legacy
Birthplace ·
 Eisenhower Presidential Library, Museum, gravesite  (Boyhood home)
   ·
 Eisenhower National Historic Site ·
 Dwight D. Eisenhower Memorial ·
 Eisenhower Executive Office Building ·
 Eisenhower Fellowships ·
 Eisenhower Institute ·
 Eisenhower Monument ·
 Eisenhower dollar  (commemorative)
   ·
 Postage stamps ·
 Dwight D. Eisenhower Army Medical Center ·
 Eisenhower Medical Center ·
 Eisenhower Trophy ·
 Eisenhower Golf Club ·
 Eisenhower Theater ·
 Places named for Eisenhower ·
 Other tributes and memorials
 

Popular
 culture
Eisenhower jacket ·
 Eisenhower Tree ·
 Crusade in Europe (1949 television series) ·
 Ike (1979 miniseries) ·
 Ike: Countdown to D-Day (2004 film) ·
 Pressure (2014 play)
 

Family
Mamie Geneva Doud Eisenhower (wife) ·
 Doud Eisenhower (son) ·
 John Eisenhower (son) ·
 David Eisenhower (grandson) ·
 Susan Eisenhower (granddaughter) ·
 Mary Jean Eisenhower (granddaughter) ·
 Jennie Eisenhower (great-granddaughter) ·
 Ida Elizabeth Stover Eisenhower (mother) ·
 David Jacob Eisenhower (father) ·
 Earl D. Eisenhower (brother) ·
 Edgar N. Eisenhower (brother) ·
 Milton S. Eisenhower (brother)
 

Related
Eisenhower baseball controversy ·
 Camp David ·
 "And I don't care what it is" ·
 Atoms for Peace Award ·
 Eddie Slovik ·
 Kay Summersby
 

← Harry S. Truman ·
 John F. Kennedy →
 Commons page Commons ·
 Wikibooks page Wikibooks ·
 Wikiquote page Wikiquote ·
 Wikisource page Wikisource texts
 




 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  


Categories: 1862 births
1946 deaths
American people of German descent
American Christian pacifists
Eisenhower family
People from Augusta County, Virginia







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 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ida_Stover_Eisenhower