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Jermaine Jackson

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Jump to: navigation, search

For other people named Jermaine Jackson, see Jermaine Jackson (disambiguation).


 This biographical article needs additional citations for verification. Please help by adding reliable sources. Contentious material about living persons that is unsourced or poorly sourced must be removed immediately, especially if potentially libelous or harmful. (May 2009)

Jermaine Jackson
JermaineJackson2007(cropped).jpg
Jermaine Jackson, 2007

Background information

Birth name
Jermaine La Jaune Jackson
Born
December 11, 1954 (age 60)
Gary, Indiana, United States
Genres
R&B, pop
Occupation(s)
Musician, singer, songwriter, record producer, author
Instruments
Vocals, bass guitar, guitar, piano, synthesizer
Years active
1964–present
Labels
Steeltown, Motown, Epic, Arista, LaFace
Associated acts
The Jackson 5, Michael Jackson, Switch
Website
jermainejacksonentertainment.com
Jermaine La Jaune Jackson (born December 11, 1954) is an American singer, bass guitarist, composer, and occasional film director, best known as a member of The Jackson 5. He also produced and recorded duets with American singer Whitney Houston in her early years as a recording artist and was a producer for Bobby DeBarge's band Switch.


Contents  [hide]
1 Early life
2 Career 2.1 The Jackson 5
2.2 Solo career
2.3 Reality television 2.3.1 Gone Country
2.3.2 Celebrity Wife Swap
2.4 Later works
3 Personal life
4 In popular culture
5 Discography
6 References
7 External links

Early life[edit]
Jackson was born December 11, 1954 in Gary, Indiana, after his brother Tito Jackson. He is the fourth child born to Joseph and Katherine Jackson. His siblings are Rebbie, Jackie, Tito, La Toya, Marlon, Michael, Randy, and Janet.[1] He was raised as a Jehovah's Witness by his devout mother, but he converted to Islam in 1989 after a trip to Bahrain.[citation needed] Jermaine was the original lead singer of the Jackson Brothers—an earlier incarnation of The Jackson Five—until 1966, when younger brother Michael began singing lead. Jermaine would continue to provide some leads over the years. Jermaine graduated from Birmingham High School in Van Nuys, Los Angeles, California in 1973.[2]
Career[edit]
The Jackson 5[edit]
Jermaine and his brothers first signed with Gordon Keith of Steeltown Records (The Jackson Five) in 1967 and then Berry Gordy of Motown Records (The Jackson 5) in 1968. As the co-lead singer of The Jackson 5 after his brother Michael, Jermaine sang notable parts of "I Want You Back", "I'll Be There", "The Love You Save","Dancing Machine", and many other Jackson 5 songs. Jermaine performed as part of the group for six years. Not feeling that they were being paid fair royalties by Motown Records for their success as well as their desire for creative control, the Jackson 5 decided to leave the label and sign with Epic Records (Sony) in 1975. However Jackson decided to stay with Motown Records, citing wanting to be loyal to the company as the reason. Others argue that Jermaine's marriage to Motown founder Berry Gordy's daughter Hazel, whom he married in 1973, as the reason. Jermaine split from the Jackson 5 to start a solo career at Motown and was replaced by his brother Randy Jackson. Unbeknownst to the group, Gordy had trademarked the name The Jackson Five and did not allow the group to take the name with them when they left the label. Once signed with Epic, the group became known as The Jacksons. Several years later in 1983, Gordy asked the group to perform at the Motown 25: Yesterday, Today, Forever television special. After the success of the broadcast, Jermaine rejoined the band to record the album Victory which featured all six brothers on The Jackson's album cover. Jermaine also participated in the band's Victory Tour. He stayed with the group for their final album, 2300 Jackson Street, in 1990. In 2001, he reunited with his brothers to perform for the 30th Anniversary Special.
Solo career[edit]
Like Michael, Jermaine began a solo career while still a member of The Jackson 5, and had a hit with the 1972 Shep and the Limelites cover "Daddy's Home". It sold over one million copies by March 1973, and was awarded a gold disc.[3] When The Jackson 5 left Motown, Jermaine left the group and stayed at Motown, as he had married Hazel Gordy, Motown head Berry Gordy's daughter.[citation needed]
Jermaine was nominated for the Grammy Award for Best Male R&B Vocal Performance for his 1980 album Let's Get Serious. He had a number of Billboard Top 30 hits throughout the 1970s and 1980s, including "Daddy's Home" (#9), "That's How Love Goes", "Let's Be Young Tonight", "Bass Odyssey", "Feel the Fire", "Let Me Tickle Your Fancy" (featuring Devo on backing vocals) (#18), "Let's Get Serious" (#9, also one of his only two UK hits, peaking at #8), "Dynamite" (#15), "Do What You Do" (#13), and "I Think It's Love" (#16). A duet with his brother Michael, "Tell Me I'm Not Dreamin' (Too Good to Be True)", hit No. 1 on the dance chart in 1984. He and Michael also collaborated with Rockwell, both providing guest vocals on his 1984 hit single, "Somebody's Watching Me". In 1985, his duet with Pia Zadora, "When the Rain Begins to Fall", topped several singles charts in Europe. His final chart success, 1989's "Don't Take It Personal", hit (#1) on the R&B singles chart. Some of Jermaine's finest moments as a singer can be heard in the soulful "Castle of Sand" and the Earth Wind & Fire-inspired "You Need To Be Loved".
Jackson is proficient on the electric guitar and is a talented bass guitar player. At an early age he performed the parts of legendary bass player James Jamerson, etc., when J5 perform live.[citation needed] Jermaine also composed and produced for other artists, such as Switch, and he produced and sang a couple of duets on Whitney Houston's debut album on Arista Records.
Reality television[edit]
Jackson was the first housemate to enter the Celebrity Big Brother UK house in 2007. He steered clear of the controversy caused by the series, avoiding confrontation and offering moral support to fellow housemate Shilpa Shetty against alleged bullying from fellow housemates Jade Goody, Jo O'Meara, and Danielle Lloyd. He was often considered to be the most stable-minded in the house.[4] During a task in the Big Brother house, the housemates had to create a tribute band for The Jackson 5. The performance of "I Want You Back" helped put The Jackson 5 back in the UK charts at #53.[citation needed] The final three consisted of Dirk Benedict, Jackson, and Shetty. After leaving Big Brother,[5] Jackson did several interviews on UK television stating why and how he took his peaceful and mediating stance in the Big Brother house. He also spoke about the Jackson 5 reuniting for a performance.[6]
Gone Country[edit]
Jackson was part of the second season of the CMT reality show Gone Country.[7]
Celebrity Wife Swap[edit]
On the premiere episode of season three of the ABC reality show Celebrity Wife Swap[8] on April 15, 2014, Jermaine Jackson and his wife Halima swapped places with Daniel Baldwin and his on-again off-again girlfriend Isabella Hofmann. In the episode, Jackson refused to comply with Isabella's request that he put some of his clothing in storage. He also refused to provide a status report to the producers after the swap was completed.[9][10]
Later works[edit]
In April 2007, Jackson returned to the UK to take part in a one-off special of ITV's Challenge Anneka. On the same trip he appeared in Glasgow with British Prime Minister Gordon Brown, speaking in support of Searchlight magazine's anti-racism campaign, the Daily Mirror "Hope Not Hate bus".[11]
On November 23, 2007, Jackson appeared on Katie & Peter: Unleashed and again talked of a reunion with his brothers on a tour the following year. In 2008, Jackson flew to Australia to be a guest judge and mentor for the top 5 Michael Jackson night on Australian Idol. In March 2008, Jackson was the guest of honor at the Muslim Writers Awards in Birmingham.
In 2009, following the death of his brother Michael, Jermaine appeared on the A&E television series The Jacksons: A Family Dynasty documenting what was supposed to be a 40th anniversary reunion between Jermaine and his brothers. The series lasted one season and Jermaine, along with his three surviving brothers, was listed as an executive producer. In October 2010, Jermaine played a concert at the Planet Hollywood hotel and casino in Las Vegas, titling it "40 Years of Jackson Music" and dedicating the concert to Michael.
He wrote the memoir You Are Not Alone: Michael Through a Brother's Eyes.[12]
Jackson attended the memorial service for his brother Michael on July 7, 2009 at the Staples Center in Los Angeles. He acted as a pallbearer, and performed the song "Smile" by Charlie Chaplin, which was believed to be his brother's favorite song, in tribute.[13]
In a 2012 interview with Luka Neskovic, for The Huffington Post, Jackson said that his brother planned a reunion with him: "... the plan was to do some shows with the brothers as well, after he finished his commitment with the "This Is It", and we probably gonna do some songs with him on the "This Is It" tour".[14]
In October 2012, Jackson released I Wish You Love, his first solo album in 21 years, consisting mostly of jazz covers.[15]
Personal life[edit]
Jackson has been married three times. His first marriage was to Motown founder Barry Gordy's daughter, Hazel Gordy, with who he has 3 children. His second marriage was to Alejandra Genevieve Oiaza, which produced another 2 children. Jackson is currently married to Halima Rashid, a wealthy Afghan native. The two met while in line at Starbucks in January 2004. In March 2004, he proposed to her, and in August 2004 they got married in a mosque in Los Angeles, where they currently live.[16][17]
Jackson converted to Islam in 1989 after a trip to Bahrain, and unofficially adapted the name Muhammad Wassab.[18] and publicly expressed his religious beliefs during his appearance on Big Brother. While filming the program, Jackson prayed and fasted. He also expressed his hopes to convert his brother Michael to Islam, saying it would provide him with peace and help to heal his problems.[19][20][21]
He supported his brother, Michael, during the 2005 child-abuse trial. He came to Michael's defense on CNN's Larry King Live and appeared with him in court on many occasions. On June 25, 2009, Jermaine held a press conference at Ronald Reagan UCLA Medical Center and broke the news of Michael Jackson's death to the media.[22]
On November 6, 2012, Jackson filed a name change petition in Los Angeles, from Jermaine Jackson to Jermaine Jacksun, stating the switch was for "artistic reasons". His last name officially became Jacksun on February 22, 2013.[23]
In popular culture[edit]
In the 1980s, Jermaine Jackson guest starred on an episode of The Facts of Life.
Jackson was portrayed by Jason Griffith in the 2004 film Man in the Mirror: The Michael Jackson Story. Jermaine's son, Jermaine Jackson Jr., portrayed his father in the 1992 miniseries The Jacksons: An American Dream.
In 2010, on Saturday Night Live, Jackson was portrayed by Kenan Thompson.
In 2014, Jermaine appeared on an episode of "Celebrity Wife Swap" where Jermaine's wife swapped places with fellow celebrity Daniel Baldwin's wife.
Discography[edit]
Main article: Jermaine Jackson discography
Studio albumsJermaine (1972)
Come into My Life (1973)
My Name Is Jermaine (1976)
Feel the Fire (1977)
Frontiers (1978)
Let's Get Serious (1980)
Jermaine (1980)
I Like Your Style (1981)
Let Me Tickle Your Fancy (1982)
Jermaine Jackson (1984)
Precious Moments (1986)
Don't Take It Personal (1989)
You Said (1991)
I Wish You Love (2012)
TBA (2015)
References[edit]
1.Jump up ^ Jackson, Katherine; Rich Wiseman (1990). My Family, the Jacksons. St. Martin's Paperbacks. ISBN 0-312-92350-3.
2.Jump up ^ "Vol. 44, No. 26". Jet (Johnson Publishing Company). September 20, 1973. p. 55.
3.Jump up ^ Murrells, Joseph (1978). The Book of Golden Discs (2nd ed.). London: Barrie and Jenkins Ltd. p. 314. ISBN 0-214-20512-6.
4.Jump up ^ "Jermaine Eviction :CBB5 Celebrity Big Brother 5". 2007-05-07. Retrieved 2014-04-05.
5.Jump up ^ "Jermaine Jackson About Islam, Being Muslim and Michael Jackson". Turntoislam.com. Retrieved 2011-11-05.
6.Jump up ^ "Jermaine Eviction :CBB5 Celebrity Big Brother 5". 2007-05-07. Retrieved 2014-04-05.
7.Jump up ^ "Gone Country 2 : Cast : John Rich Hosts : Celebrities Compete For New Country Music". CMT. Retrieved 2014-04-10.
8.Jump up ^ "Watch Celebrity Wife Swap TV Show - ABC.com". Abc.go.com. Retrieved 2014-04-10.
9.Jump up ^ "Jermaine and Halima on "Celebrity Wife Swap" Season 3". Jackson-source.com. 2014-03-29. Retrieved 2014-04-05.
10.Jump up ^ "Jermaine Jackson gets testy in 'Celebrity Wife Swap' premiere". nypost.com. 2014-04-14. Retrieved 2014-04-23.
11.Jump up ^ Wynne-Jones, Ros (April 7, 2007). "MAGIC BUS ; Last stop against racism". Daily Mirror via ProQuest News UK. p. 14. Retrieved 2008-07-04.
12.Jump up ^ "You Are Not Alone (9780007435678): Jermaine Jackson: Books". Amazon.com. Retrieved 2012-04-09.
13.Jump up ^ "Jermaine Jackson Brings 'Smile,' Tears To Michael Jackson Memorial". Mtv.com. 2009-07-07. Retrieved 2014-04-10.
14.Jump up ^ "Luka Neskovic: Jermaine Jackson on His Brother Michael and First Tour in 30 Years". Huffingtonpost.ca. Retrieved 2012-11-11.
15.Jump up ^ "I Wish You Love : Jermaine's new album !". Jermaine Jackson Entertainment. Retrieved 2014-04-10.
16.Jump up ^ "Jermaine's @ home photoshoot/interview with fam in Hello! Magazine". Lipstickalley.com. 2012-08-31. Retrieved 2014-04-10.
17.Jump up ^ "At home with Jermaine Jackson and family- Hello! Magazine". Positivelymichael.com. Retrieved 2014-04-10.
18.Jump up ^ "Jermaine Jackson". DesPerados.com. Retrieved 2009-07-08.
19.Jump up ^ "Jermaine Jackson wants Michael to convert to Islam". Reuters. 2007-01-29. Retrieved 2014-04-10.
20.Jump up ^ "Jermaine Jackson hopes to convert brother Michael to Islam | Mail Online". Dailymail.co.uk. 2013-09-17. Retrieved 2014-04-10.
21.Jump up ^ "NBCNews.com Video Player". MSNBC. Retrieved 2014-04-10.
22.Jump up ^ "Michael Jackson's death: Jermaine Jackson speaks". Los Angeles Times. 2009-06-25. Retrieved 2014-04-05.
23.Jump up ^ "Jermaine Jackson changes last name to Jacksun", today.com, February 23, 2013.[dead link]
External links[edit]
 Wikimedia Commons has media related to Jermaine Jackson.

Portal icon The Jackson Family portal
Official website
Jermaine La Juane Jackson website Complete Career Overview
Jermaine Jackson Complete Motown Discography
Jermaine Jackson at the Internet Movie Database


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 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jermaine_Jackson









Jermaine Jackson

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Jump to: navigation, search

For other people named Jermaine Jackson, see Jermaine Jackson (disambiguation).


 This biographical article needs additional citations for verification. Please help by adding reliable sources. Contentious material about living persons that is unsourced or poorly sourced must be removed immediately, especially if potentially libelous or harmful. (May 2009)

Jermaine Jackson
JermaineJackson2007(cropped).jpg
Jermaine Jackson, 2007

Background information

Birth name
Jermaine La Jaune Jackson
Born
December 11, 1954 (age 60)
Gary, Indiana, United States
Genres
R&B, pop
Occupation(s)
Musician, singer, songwriter, record producer, author
Instruments
Vocals, bass guitar, guitar, piano, synthesizer
Years active
1964–present
Labels
Steeltown, Motown, Epic, Arista, LaFace
Associated acts
The Jackson 5, Michael Jackson, Switch
Website
jermainejacksonentertainment.com
Jermaine La Jaune Jackson (born December 11, 1954) is an American singer, bass guitarist, composer, and occasional film director, best known as a member of The Jackson 5. He also produced and recorded duets with American singer Whitney Houston in her early years as a recording artist and was a producer for Bobby DeBarge's band Switch.


Contents  [hide]
1 Early life
2 Career 2.1 The Jackson 5
2.2 Solo career
2.3 Reality television 2.3.1 Gone Country
2.3.2 Celebrity Wife Swap
2.4 Later works
3 Personal life
4 In popular culture
5 Discography
6 References
7 External links

Early life[edit]
Jackson was born December 11, 1954 in Gary, Indiana, after his brother Tito Jackson. He is the fourth child born to Joseph and Katherine Jackson. His siblings are Rebbie, Jackie, Tito, La Toya, Marlon, Michael, Randy, and Janet.[1] He was raised as a Jehovah's Witness by his devout mother, but he converted to Islam in 1989 after a trip to Bahrain.[citation needed] Jermaine was the original lead singer of the Jackson Brothers—an earlier incarnation of The Jackson Five—until 1966, when younger brother Michael began singing lead. Jermaine would continue to provide some leads over the years. Jermaine graduated from Birmingham High School in Van Nuys, Los Angeles, California in 1973.[2]
Career[edit]
The Jackson 5[edit]
Jermaine and his brothers first signed with Gordon Keith of Steeltown Records (The Jackson Five) in 1967 and then Berry Gordy of Motown Records (The Jackson 5) in 1968. As the co-lead singer of The Jackson 5 after his brother Michael, Jermaine sang notable parts of "I Want You Back", "I'll Be There", "The Love You Save","Dancing Machine", and many other Jackson 5 songs. Jermaine performed as part of the group for six years. Not feeling that they were being paid fair royalties by Motown Records for their success as well as their desire for creative control, the Jackson 5 decided to leave the label and sign with Epic Records (Sony) in 1975. However Jackson decided to stay with Motown Records, citing wanting to be loyal to the company as the reason. Others argue that Jermaine's marriage to Motown founder Berry Gordy's daughter Hazel, whom he married in 1973, as the reason. Jermaine split from the Jackson 5 to start a solo career at Motown and was replaced by his brother Randy Jackson. Unbeknownst to the group, Gordy had trademarked the name The Jackson Five and did not allow the group to take the name with them when they left the label. Once signed with Epic, the group became known as The Jacksons. Several years later in 1983, Gordy asked the group to perform at the Motown 25: Yesterday, Today, Forever television special. After the success of the broadcast, Jermaine rejoined the band to record the album Victory which featured all six brothers on The Jackson's album cover. Jermaine also participated in the band's Victory Tour. He stayed with the group for their final album, 2300 Jackson Street, in 1990. In 2001, he reunited with his brothers to perform for the 30th Anniversary Special.
Solo career[edit]
Like Michael, Jermaine began a solo career while still a member of The Jackson 5, and had a hit with the 1972 Shep and the Limelites cover "Daddy's Home". It sold over one million copies by March 1973, and was awarded a gold disc.[3] When The Jackson 5 left Motown, Jermaine left the group and stayed at Motown, as he had married Hazel Gordy, Motown head Berry Gordy's daughter.[citation needed]
Jermaine was nominated for the Grammy Award for Best Male R&B Vocal Performance for his 1980 album Let's Get Serious. He had a number of Billboard Top 30 hits throughout the 1970s and 1980s, including "Daddy's Home" (#9), "That's How Love Goes", "Let's Be Young Tonight", "Bass Odyssey", "Feel the Fire", "Let Me Tickle Your Fancy" (featuring Devo on backing vocals) (#18), "Let's Get Serious" (#9, also one of his only two UK hits, peaking at #8), "Dynamite" (#15), "Do What You Do" (#13), and "I Think It's Love" (#16). A duet with his brother Michael, "Tell Me I'm Not Dreamin' (Too Good to Be True)", hit No. 1 on the dance chart in 1984. He and Michael also collaborated with Rockwell, both providing guest vocals on his 1984 hit single, "Somebody's Watching Me". In 1985, his duet with Pia Zadora, "When the Rain Begins to Fall", topped several singles charts in Europe. His final chart success, 1989's "Don't Take It Personal", hit (#1) on the R&B singles chart. Some of Jermaine's finest moments as a singer can be heard in the soulful "Castle of Sand" and the Earth Wind & Fire-inspired "You Need To Be Loved".
Jackson is proficient on the electric guitar and is a talented bass guitar player. At an early age he performed the parts of legendary bass player James Jamerson, etc., when J5 perform live.[citation needed] Jermaine also composed and produced for other artists, such as Switch, and he produced and sang a couple of duets on Whitney Houston's debut album on Arista Records.
Reality television[edit]
Jackson was the first housemate to enter the Celebrity Big Brother UK house in 2007. He steered clear of the controversy caused by the series, avoiding confrontation and offering moral support to fellow housemate Shilpa Shetty against alleged bullying from fellow housemates Jade Goody, Jo O'Meara, and Danielle Lloyd. He was often considered to be the most stable-minded in the house.[4] During a task in the Big Brother house, the housemates had to create a tribute band for The Jackson 5. The performance of "I Want You Back" helped put The Jackson 5 back in the UK charts at #53.[citation needed] The final three consisted of Dirk Benedict, Jackson, and Shetty. After leaving Big Brother,[5] Jackson did several interviews on UK television stating why and how he took his peaceful and mediating stance in the Big Brother house. He also spoke about the Jackson 5 reuniting for a performance.[6]
Gone Country[edit]
Jackson was part of the second season of the CMT reality show Gone Country.[7]
Celebrity Wife Swap[edit]
On the premiere episode of season three of the ABC reality show Celebrity Wife Swap[8] on April 15, 2014, Jermaine Jackson and his wife Halima swapped places with Daniel Baldwin and his on-again off-again girlfriend Isabella Hofmann. In the episode, Jackson refused to comply with Isabella's request that he put some of his clothing in storage. He also refused to provide a status report to the producers after the swap was completed.[9][10]
Later works[edit]
In April 2007, Jackson returned to the UK to take part in a one-off special of ITV's Challenge Anneka. On the same trip he appeared in Glasgow with British Prime Minister Gordon Brown, speaking in support of Searchlight magazine's anti-racism campaign, the Daily Mirror "Hope Not Hate bus".[11]
On November 23, 2007, Jackson appeared on Katie & Peter: Unleashed and again talked of a reunion with his brothers on a tour the following year. In 2008, Jackson flew to Australia to be a guest judge and mentor for the top 5 Michael Jackson night on Australian Idol. In March 2008, Jackson was the guest of honor at the Muslim Writers Awards in Birmingham.
In 2009, following the death of his brother Michael, Jermaine appeared on the A&E television series The Jacksons: A Family Dynasty documenting what was supposed to be a 40th anniversary reunion between Jermaine and his brothers. The series lasted one season and Jermaine, along with his three surviving brothers, was listed as an executive producer. In October 2010, Jermaine played a concert at the Planet Hollywood hotel and casino in Las Vegas, titling it "40 Years of Jackson Music" and dedicating the concert to Michael.
He wrote the memoir You Are Not Alone: Michael Through a Brother's Eyes.[12]
Jackson attended the memorial service for his brother Michael on July 7, 2009 at the Staples Center in Los Angeles. He acted as a pallbearer, and performed the song "Smile" by Charlie Chaplin, which was believed to be his brother's favorite song, in tribute.[13]
In a 2012 interview with Luka Neskovic, for The Huffington Post, Jackson said that his brother planned a reunion with him: "... the plan was to do some shows with the brothers as well, after he finished his commitment with the "This Is It", and we probably gonna do some songs with him on the "This Is It" tour".[14]
In October 2012, Jackson released I Wish You Love, his first solo album in 21 years, consisting mostly of jazz covers.[15]
Personal life[edit]
Jackson has been married three times. His first marriage was to Motown founder Barry Gordy's daughter, Hazel Gordy, with who he has 3 children. His second marriage was to Alejandra Genevieve Oiaza, which produced another 2 children. Jackson is currently married to Halima Rashid, a wealthy Afghan native. The two met while in line at Starbucks in January 2004. In March 2004, he proposed to her, and in August 2004 they got married in a mosque in Los Angeles, where they currently live.[16][17]
Jackson converted to Islam in 1989 after a trip to Bahrain, and unofficially adapted the name Muhammad Wassab.[18] and publicly expressed his religious beliefs during his appearance on Big Brother. While filming the program, Jackson prayed and fasted. He also expressed his hopes to convert his brother Michael to Islam, saying it would provide him with peace and help to heal his problems.[19][20][21]
He supported his brother, Michael, during the 2005 child-abuse trial. He came to Michael's defense on CNN's Larry King Live and appeared with him in court on many occasions. On June 25, 2009, Jermaine held a press conference at Ronald Reagan UCLA Medical Center and broke the news of Michael Jackson's death to the media.[22]
On November 6, 2012, Jackson filed a name change petition in Los Angeles, from Jermaine Jackson to Jermaine Jacksun, stating the switch was for "artistic reasons". His last name officially became Jacksun on February 22, 2013.[23]
In popular culture[edit]
In the 1980s, Jermaine Jackson guest starred on an episode of The Facts of Life.
Jackson was portrayed by Jason Griffith in the 2004 film Man in the Mirror: The Michael Jackson Story. Jermaine's son, Jermaine Jackson Jr., portrayed his father in the 1992 miniseries The Jacksons: An American Dream.
In 2010, on Saturday Night Live, Jackson was portrayed by Kenan Thompson.
In 2014, Jermaine appeared on an episode of "Celebrity Wife Swap" where Jermaine's wife swapped places with fellow celebrity Daniel Baldwin's wife.
Discography[edit]
Main article: Jermaine Jackson discography
Studio albumsJermaine (1972)
Come into My Life (1973)
My Name Is Jermaine (1976)
Feel the Fire (1977)
Frontiers (1978)
Let's Get Serious (1980)
Jermaine (1980)
I Like Your Style (1981)
Let Me Tickle Your Fancy (1982)
Jermaine Jackson (1984)
Precious Moments (1986)
Don't Take It Personal (1989)
You Said (1991)
I Wish You Love (2012)
TBA (2015)
References[edit]
1.Jump up ^ Jackson, Katherine; Rich Wiseman (1990). My Family, the Jacksons. St. Martin's Paperbacks. ISBN 0-312-92350-3.
2.Jump up ^ "Vol. 44, No. 26". Jet (Johnson Publishing Company). September 20, 1973. p. 55.
3.Jump up ^ Murrells, Joseph (1978). The Book of Golden Discs (2nd ed.). London: Barrie and Jenkins Ltd. p. 314. ISBN 0-214-20512-6.
4.Jump up ^ "Jermaine Eviction :CBB5 Celebrity Big Brother 5". 2007-05-07. Retrieved 2014-04-05.
5.Jump up ^ "Jermaine Jackson About Islam, Being Muslim and Michael Jackson". Turntoislam.com. Retrieved 2011-11-05.
6.Jump up ^ "Jermaine Eviction :CBB5 Celebrity Big Brother 5". 2007-05-07. Retrieved 2014-04-05.
7.Jump up ^ "Gone Country 2 : Cast : John Rich Hosts : Celebrities Compete For New Country Music". CMT. Retrieved 2014-04-10.
8.Jump up ^ "Watch Celebrity Wife Swap TV Show - ABC.com". Abc.go.com. Retrieved 2014-04-10.
9.Jump up ^ "Jermaine and Halima on "Celebrity Wife Swap" Season 3". Jackson-source.com. 2014-03-29. Retrieved 2014-04-05.
10.Jump up ^ "Jermaine Jackson gets testy in 'Celebrity Wife Swap' premiere". nypost.com. 2014-04-14. Retrieved 2014-04-23.
11.Jump up ^ Wynne-Jones, Ros (April 7, 2007). "MAGIC BUS ; Last stop against racism". Daily Mirror via ProQuest News UK. p. 14. Retrieved 2008-07-04.
12.Jump up ^ "You Are Not Alone (9780007435678): Jermaine Jackson: Books". Amazon.com. Retrieved 2012-04-09.
13.Jump up ^ "Jermaine Jackson Brings 'Smile,' Tears To Michael Jackson Memorial". Mtv.com. 2009-07-07. Retrieved 2014-04-10.
14.Jump up ^ "Luka Neskovic: Jermaine Jackson on His Brother Michael and First Tour in 30 Years". Huffingtonpost.ca. Retrieved 2012-11-11.
15.Jump up ^ "I Wish You Love : Jermaine's new album !". Jermaine Jackson Entertainment. Retrieved 2014-04-10.
16.Jump up ^ "Jermaine's @ home photoshoot/interview with fam in Hello! Magazine". Lipstickalley.com. 2012-08-31. Retrieved 2014-04-10.
17.Jump up ^ "At home with Jermaine Jackson and family- Hello! Magazine". Positivelymichael.com. Retrieved 2014-04-10.
18.Jump up ^ "Jermaine Jackson". DesPerados.com. Retrieved 2009-07-08.
19.Jump up ^ "Jermaine Jackson wants Michael to convert to Islam". Reuters. 2007-01-29. Retrieved 2014-04-10.
20.Jump up ^ "Jermaine Jackson hopes to convert brother Michael to Islam | Mail Online". Dailymail.co.uk. 2013-09-17. Retrieved 2014-04-10.
21.Jump up ^ "NBCNews.com Video Player". MSNBC. Retrieved 2014-04-10.
22.Jump up ^ "Michael Jackson's death: Jermaine Jackson speaks". Los Angeles Times. 2009-06-25. Retrieved 2014-04-05.
23.Jump up ^ "Jermaine Jackson changes last name to Jacksun", today.com, February 23, 2013.[dead link]
External links[edit]
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Jermaine Jackson Complete Motown Discography
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 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jermaine_Jackson









La Toya Jackson

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

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For other uses, see La Toya (disambiguation).

La Toya Jackson
La Toya Jackson cropped.jpg
Jackson in 2011

Background information

Birth name
La Toya Yvonne Jackson
Also known as
Toy
Born
May 29, 1956 (age 59)
Gary, Indiana, United States
Genres
Pop, R&B, dance
Occupation(s)
Singer, songwriter, actress, activist, model, author, celebrity, businesswoman, television personality
Years active
1972–present
Labels
Polydor Records
(1980–82)
Epic (1983–87)
 Teldec / RCA (1987–88)
 Teldec (1989)
 BCM (1990)
 Pump / Dino (1991–92)
 Mar-Gor (1993)
 CMC (1994 – 95)
 Ja-Tail / Bungalo (2002–present)
Associated acts
The Jackson 5, Michael Jackson, Janet Jackson, Rebbie Jackson, USA for Africa
Website
Official Site
La Toya Yvonne Jackson (born May 29, 1956) is an American singer, songwriter, author, television personality, actress, businesswoman, philanthropist, activist and former model. She is the fifth child of the Jackson family. She maintained a career as a singer throughout the 1980s and 1990s, and returned to music in 2004 with her Billboard charting songs "Just Wanna Dance" and "Free the World". An EP called Starting Over was released on June 21, 2011.


Contents  [hide]
1 Life and career 1.1 1956–1979: Early life and The Jacksons
1.2 1980–1983: Beginning of solo career
1.3 1984–1987: Heart Don't Lie and international success
1.4 1988–1989: Departure from the Jackson family and Playboy
1.5 1989–1996: Public notoriety, abuse, and exile from the Jackson family
1.6 1996–2002: Escape and seclusion
1.7 2003–2006: Re-emergence and return to music
1.8 2007–2009: Reality television
1.9 2010–present: Reality television and Starting Over
2 Vocal style and influences
3 Discography 3.1 Studio albums
3.2 Extended plays
3.3 Stage recordings
4 Awards and other achievements
5 See also
6 References
7 External links

Life and career[edit]
1956–1979: Early life and The Jacksons[edit]
Born on her sister Rebbie's 6th birthday on May 29, 1956, in Gary, Indiana, La Toya Jackson is the fifth of ten children born to Joseph Jackson and Katherine Jackson and the middle female child between Rebbie and Janet. Growing up, La Toya was a shy homebody. After her mother became a member of the Jehovah's Witnesses in 1965, La Toya, along with the rest of her siblings followed. She would spend some of her time (alongside her mother) preaching door-to-door. "Every morning, Michael and I witnessed, knocking on doors around Los Angeles, spreading the word of Jehovah."[1] By 1972, at sixteen, La Toya joined her brothers in the spotlight with a tap dancing routine when her father arranged for them to perform shows in Las Vegas, among other cities.[2] Jackson aspired to be an attorney specializing in business law. She attended college for a short time before her father insisted that she pursue a career in show business like the rest of the family.
In 1976 and 1977, La Toya and her sisters Rebbie and Janet appeared in all twelve episodes of The Jacksons—a CBS-TV variety program, with their brothers Jackie, Tito, Marlon, Michael, and Randy. Along with their brothers (minus Jermaine), La Toya and her sisters sang, danced and performed skits. In 1978 during the filming of The Wiz, La Toya traveled with her brother Michael (who was cast as the Scarecrow), to New York. Sharing an apartment, it was the first time either of them had lived elsewhere as adults. Close siblings, Michael and La Toya, would not move out of the family's Encino, Los Angeles, California home until they were 30 and 31 respectively. Gentleman callers during this period included Diana Ross' brother Chico, Prince, and a young David Gest.[3] Jackson also dated Bobby DeBarge and was the inspiration for Switch's 1979 hit "I Call Your Name".[4]
Under Joe Jackson's tutelage Rebbie, La Toya and Janet formed a short-lived musical group. However, they never performed live and soon separated because of creative differences about the act's future direction. Consequently, no related material was ever released by the trio.[5] The next year, La Toya began work on her first solo album.
1980–1983: Beginning of solo career[edit]
In 1980, Jackson released her self-titled debut album. In order to distinguish herself from her famous brothers, The Jacksons, La Toya only wanted her first name on the album. "I begged just to have it 'La Toya'. But my father said, 'It's your last name. You got to use it.' But I wanted to see what I could do as an individual."[6] The first single "If You Feel the Funk", became a modest hit, climbing into the Top 40 of the US R&B chart. Her second single, "Night Time Lover", was produced by younger brother Michael, who provided backing vocals. In turn, she provided the opening scream on her brothers', The Jacksons, 1980 hit, "This Place Hotel" as well as backing vocals on brother Michael's 1984 solo hit "P.Y.T. (Pretty Young Thing)".
The La Toya Jackson album peaked at #116 on the US Billboard 200, #26 on the Billboard R&B album chart, and #178 on the UK Top 200, making it her highest placing album.
In 1982, Jackson released a follow-up album, My Special Love, which generated two singles, "Stay the Night" and "I Don't Want You to Go".
1984–1987: Heart Don't Lie and international success[edit]
1984 saw the release of Jackson's critically acclaimed album Heart Don't Lie. Jackson scored her biggest Billboard Hot 100 hit with the titular track "Heart Don't Lie", which peaked at number 56. Other singles from this album were "Bet'cha Gonna Need My Lovin'", "Hot Potato", and a cover of Prince's "Private Joy." Jackson and Amir Bayyan co-wrote "Reggae Nights" for Heart Don't Lie but the track did not make the cut. Jimmy Cliff's recording of the song was a hit and was nominated for a Grammy. Cliff commissioned Jackson to write two more songs: "Brown Eyes" and "American Sweet."
In 1984, Jackson capitalized on her rising popularity by licensing her name to a fashion line; "David Laurenz for La Toya."[7] According to her three-year contract with the suede and leather-maker Jackson agreed to only wear David Laurenz items during her public appearances. Apparel in the collection included Jackson's signature leather headbands.[8][9] Jackson starred in adverts for Nikon cameras and the following year she become the spokesmodel for cosmetics firm Mahogany Image and launched her own eponymous fragrance, La Toya.[10]
In 1985, Jackson participated on the single "We Are the World", an appeal for famine relief in Ethiopia. That same year Jackson featured in anti-drug music video "Stop the Madness".




"Baby Sister"







A sample from "Baby Sister", a single by La Toya Jackson.

Problems playing this file? See media help.
Her 1985 single "Baby Sister" was a notable success, as it received one of five Outstanding Song Awards at the sixteenth annual World Popular Song Festival in Japan. "Baby Sister" was included on the 1986 album Imagination, released just before Jackson's record label, Private-I, went bankrupt resulting in poor promotion.[11] Jackson went on to record two duets; "Oops, Oh No!" with Cerrone, and "Yes, I'm Ready" with artist Jed. In 1987 Jackson was featured as a special guest at Minako Honda's DISPA (Disco Party) concert, joining in for the song, "Funkytown".
1988–1989: Departure from the Jackson family and Playboy[edit]



 Jackson on the cover of Playboy.
In 1987, Jack Gordon was hired to co-manage La Toya by her father, Joseph. He later took over her management completely. Under Gordon's management, Jackson's public image became increasingly sexier. Katherine Jackson recalled her shock seeing La Toya dance in a suggestive manner in 1988 for the first time in her autobiography My Family, The Jacksons: "she'd been so conservative that she'd once dropped a friend who had begun wearing low-cut tops and skirts with slits in them." Katherine believed that Gordon was distancing La Toya from her family so he could "become the dominating influence in her life."[12] Around this time Jackson was disfellowshipped by the Jehovah's Witnesses. Defying her father, Jackson made a stormy exit from the family's Encino compound to take up residence in New York City.[13] In late 1988, Jackson released the album La Toya, which featured the singles, "You're Gonna Get Rocked!" and "(Ain't Nobody Loves You) Like I Do". The album also included a track titled "Just Say No", which was written for the Reagan administration's anti-drug campaign.[14] The album included four tracks produced by Full Force, and three by Stock Aitken Waterman. The album is notable for being the first one Jackson released after changing her management.[15]
In March 1989, Jackson posed topless for Playboy magazine. Jackson saw the pictorial as a declaration of independence from her conservative upbringing and "to show my parents they couldn't dictate to me any more—that I control my life."[16] The cover and layout was one of the most successful issues in Playboy's history, turning Jackson into an overnight sex symbol.[17] At its time of release, it sold over 8 million copies, going on to become the fourteenth best selling issue of the magazine ever. She posed again in Playboy in November 1991 to promote her autobiography and subsequently acted in a 1994 video for the magazine, becoming one of the first celebrities to have a Playboy video released. She later said that she initially refused to pose for the second spread and for the video, however, Gordon beat her into submission.[18][19][20]
In 1989, Jackson began recording her sixth album Bad Girl. That year Jackson staged a live pay-per-view concert, A Sizzling Spectacular!, from Bally's theatre in Reno. Jackson's set list included songs from La Toya and Bad Girl. The show featured special guest star Edgar Winter.[21]
1989–1996: Public notoriety, abuse, and exile from the Jackson family[edit]
On September 5, 1989, after her Sizzling Spectacular concert in Nevada, Gordon forcibly married Jackson, claiming it was for her own protection against kidnapping by her family. La Toya Jackson states that this was both unplanned and against her wishes. According to Jackson; "I told him, 'No way, Jack! I can't marry you. You know what marriage means to me. I've never been in love; I don't even date.... It's not right. I don't love you. I don't have feelings for you.'"[16] Jackson tried to run out of the chapel three times but bodyguard Antonio Rossi grabbed her saying, "There's some things you have to do. Even if you don't want to."[22][23] Jackson told Ebony magazine the marriage was "strictly in name only. It has never been consummated."[16] Six months into the marriage, Jackson asked Gordon for an annulment when in Rome, Italy. In response, Gordon repeatedly bashed her head against the corner of the hotel room table saying that he would never let her go. Paparazzi subsequently photographed Jackson with black eyes, which Gordon claimed were caused by an intruder.[20][22][24][25] From this point forward, Jackson lost all contact with her family and wrote an autobiography, La Toya: Growing Up in the Jackson Family, which accused her father of physical abuse.[26] For roughly the next decade Gordon controlled Jackson with threats, lies, and routine violence. According to Jackson, "When he hit me, the first time I was in shock, I just recalled my ear ringing, just ringing so hard."[20] Gordon confiscated Jackson's passport, transferred her bank accounts into his name, hired bodyguards to watch La Toya constantly and banned her from speaking to or seeing her family, monitoring her every phone call.[20] La Toya's father Joseph stated in his book The Jacksons that he believed Gordon brainwashed La Toya and made her fearful of her own family.[5] Katherine also believed that La Toya had been brainwashed while Gordon claimed that Katherine had tried to kill her daughter.[27] Sister Janet concurred with her parents saying at the time, "I think this guy who is with her has brainwashed her and made her like this... He keeps her away from the family, and now he's brainwashed her so much she keeps herself away from us."[18][28]
In 1990, Jackson participated in the Sanremo Music Festival, entering "You and Me" an English-language version of "Verso l'ignoto" by siblings Marcella and Gianni Bella. While "You and Me" did not win Best Song, it entered Italy's hit parade, peaking at number twenty-eight. That year Jackson signed on with German-based BCM Records and released the single "Why Don't You Want My Love?" Jackson recorded other material with BCM, but the label went bankrupt and album plans were scrapped. Jackson signed with Dino Records quickly thereafter. 1991 saw the release of No Relations, an album with strong house and funk influences. This album featured Jackson's top twenty-five Netherlands hit "Sexbox".
In 1992, Jackson signed a contract with the Moulin Rouge in Paris to star in her own revue, Formidable. Jackson was to perform two shows a night, six nights a week. Jackson was highest paid performer in the cabaret's history earning a reported $5 million. Though Formidable was successful, selling out on most nights, Jackson departed half-way into her year-long contract owing the nightclub $550,000 in damages.[16][29]
In October 1992, while taping an Exotic Club Tour in Minneapolis Jackson approached sister Janet Jackson, also in town recording her fifth studio album with Jimmy Jam and Terry Lewis, to ask for help in escaping Gordon. Janet struck La Toya, accusing her elder sister of recording their conversation.[30][31]
In 1993 in their New York home, Gordon beat Jackson repeatedly with a heavy brass dining room chair, leaving Jackson with black eyes, swollen lip and chin "the size of a clenched fist," cuts requiring 12 mouth stitches and contusions on her face, arms, legs and back.[32][33] Jackson lost consciousness during the beating, leading Gordon to believe she was dead. She recalled, "He called his friends and said, 'She's dead. I killed her,' because I was lying in a puddle of blood and I was out."[34] Gordon was arrested but then released, claiming he beat Jackson in self-defense.[35] In December 1993 Gordon hastily arranged a press conference in Tel Aviv, where he had Jackson read a statement claiming to believe the sensational sex abuse allegation against her younger brother Michael might be true.[36][37] This was an abrupt reversal of her previous defense of Michael against the charges.[38] Gordon claimed La Toya had proof which she was prepared to disclose for a fee of $500,000. A bidding war between US and UK tabloids began, but fell through when they realized that her revelations were not what she had claimed them to be.[39] According to La Toya, Gordon threatened to have siblings Michael and Janet killed if she didn't follow his orders.[34][40]
Under Gordon's management, Jackson's career declined with his booking of disreputable jobs such as spokesperson for the Psychic Friends Network. Because of Gordon's steady stream of publicity stunts and her media portrayal as the Jackson family "black sheep" La Toya had become a hate figure of sorts.[41] By the mid-1990s Jackson's finances were in disarray and she was forced to file for bankruptcy in order to stave off claims of $650,000 in damages to the Moulin Rouge for ending her contract early.[42] In 1993 Jackson held a concert at Poland's Sopot International Song Festival and released a step aerobics exercise video, Step-Up Workout. In 1994, Jackson again worked for Playboy Entertainment, becoming one of the very first celebrities to have a Celebrity Centerfold video. Playboy Celebrity Centerfold: La Toya Jackson was released in the first quarter of 1994 and sold roughly 50,000 copies. Jackson later released two albums, one of country music, From Nashville to You, and another of Motown hits, Stop in the Name of Love, in the mid-1990s.
1996–2002: Escape and seclusion[edit]
Further information: Gordon v. Gordon
When Jackson became aware that Gordon was planning to feature her in a pornographic film she decided she'd had enough. Jackson phoned brother Randy who flew to New York to help her escape while Gordon was out.[20][43][44] Only days later, La Toya filed for divorce from Las Vegas and sued Gordon in civil court for years of abuse under the Violence Against Women Act. She changed her name from La Toya Jackson-Gordon to La Toya Jackson thusforth dropping use of her former middle name Yvonne.[18]
La Toya Jackson ended her estrangement with the entire Jackson family and returned home to Hayvenhurst. Jackson forgave her parents for her stifled upbringing reasoning, "I've come to realize that as we get older, we grow and learn a lot more. And I think that my father and my mother, they raised children the best way they know how."[19] According to La Toya, Michael knew that she was forced to attack him in the press against her will and he did not blame her.[45] "He never held any of that against me, I remember when I'd got away from this total hell I'd been through where I'd been beaten, abused, controlled and forced to say those terrible things about Michael, which I didn't for a moment believe, he held out his arms and just hugged me. I was crying saying: 'I'm so sorry, I'm so sorry.' He just held me tight and said: 'I am your brother, I always knew it wasn't you saying those words."[46]
Jackson's last single of the 1990s was "Don't Break My Heart."
After separating from Gordon, Jackson cloistered herself in her home and lived alone for the first time—the first six months she stated she never actually left her house due to being terrified of Gordon seeing her. Weary after her years of public scorn, she didn't know what to do with her life and was afraid to perform again.[45] Jackson struggled to rebuild her confidence but was plagued with self-doubt, explaining, "I got to the point, [...] where—well, you know in the media they say things like, 'Oh, she can't sing. She has no talent. She can't dance.' I started believing that, and I was thinking, 'Oh my God'. And I started thinking, 'Oh gee, how could this happen to me?' How could I start believing this?".[19] After this time she started to perform in Europe and South America occasionally to start making money to pay off the huge debts which Gordon had accumulated in her name while they were married. In the wake of the September 11 attacks Jackson was moved to compose "Free the World". She performed the song for friends to a positive reception. This spurred on Jackson to write more songs, ending up with a full album, Startin' Over.
2003–2006: Re-emergence and return to music[edit]
Jackson publicly re-emerged on Larry King Live on March 9, 2003. Her appearance caused CNN's phone lines to stay busy for hours and was King's highest-rated show in three years.[47] Jackson announced her first musical project in six years, Startin' Over.[19] Startin' Over's lead single was 2004's "Just Wanna Dance", released independently under her pseudonymous nickname "Toy" in order to avoid any prejudices DJs might hold against La Toya Jackson's name. The plan worked, with "Just Wanna Dance" reaching #13 on the US Billboard Hot Dance chart. "Free the World" was released later that year to similar success. Jackson's label, Ja-Tail Records secured a deal with Universal Music Group to distribute the album, which was delayed several times due to extenuating circumstances. The 2003 promotional copy of Startin' Over leaked online in 2006, however Jackson's management revealed that the entire album was being re-recorded with an all-new track list and updated sound. That year Jackson became the spokeswoman for Australian malt beverage Star Ice's US launch.[48][49]
After Jack Gordon's death in 2005, Jackson was free to speak more openly about the control he exerted over her life. She sent a security expert to eyewitness that Gordon had not faked his death a second time.[50] In 2005 she appeared on ABC News to recant her previous allegations and defend brother Michael against new charges of child abuse.[20] VH1 described Jackson as a role model having weathered various successes and setbacks.[47] The perception of Jackson as an underdog and her support for LGBT rights has led her to be declared a gay icon.[41]
2007–2009: Reality television[edit]




"I Don't Play That"







A sample from "I Don't Play That", a single by La Toya Jackson.

Problems playing this file? See media help.
On January 10, 2007, the reality TV show Armed & Famous premiered on CBS starring Jackson and other celebrities. The program documented Jackson's basic training and service as a reserve police officer with the Muncie Police Department. Jackson maintains her badge by continuing to volunteer as a deputy.[51] The show was eventually removed from the CBS lineup, due to its inability to compete with American Idol. VH1 subsequently aired the remaining episodes. On the show, Jackson demonstrated her phobia of cats, after she began hysterically screaming and locked herself in a squad car. This fear, she revealed, was caused by a childhood memory in which a relative was attacked by a cat. She underwent on-screen therapy to try to relieve her of this phobia. A single called "Armed and Famous" was planned but the title was changed to "I Don't Play That" shortly before it was sent to radio stations, where it failed to take off, on January 29, 2007, due to CBS' cancellation of the show.
In January 2009, Jackson was paid £103,000 to appear as a contestant on the British television program Celebrity Big Brother. She was the second member of the Jackson family to be on the show, the first being her brother Jermaine in 2007.[52][53] Jackson's goal in participating in show was to get over her shyness and "mix with people who I'd never normally meet."[46] She was the fourth person evicted from the house, and was the first evictee of the series to be cheered on her exit.[citation needed]
The final version of Startin' Over was completed in late 2008, just before Jackson joined the cast of Celebrity Big Brother. A new lead single, "Love, Honor, and Obey", planned for a summer 2009 release, was put on hold because of the death of La Toya's younger brother Michael. Instead, "Home" was released on 28 July 2009 in Michael's memory with all proceeds going to AIDS Project Los Angeles, one of his favorite charities.[54][55] La Toya Jackson was one of the first siblings present at Reagan-UCLA Medical Center on June 25, 2009, after brother Michael Jackson was pronounced dead after suffering cardiac arrest. She was named as the informant on her brother's death certificate. Jackson requested a second autopsy to be carried out after noting suspicious medical paraphernalia in Michael's rented house, evasive behavior by his doctors, and discovering that $2 million in cash and jewels had gone missing. On July 13, an interview was published in News of the World and the Daily Mail wherein Jackson went public with her conclusion that Michael was murdered.[51] The Los Angeles County Coroner ruled Jackson's death a homicide weeks later.[56]
2010–present: Reality television and Starting Over[edit]



 La Toya Jackson on October 18, 2009 at an AIDS Walk in Los Angeles
In 2010, Jackson launched Dream Cream, a hand cream for German cosmetics firm Alessandro International, and named Teddy Riley head of Ja-Tail Records' music division.[57][58][59] Jackson took part in NBC's Celebrity Apprentice, which aired from March through May 2011 and raised $65,000 for her chosen charity, AIDS Project Los Angeles. La Toya was "fired" from Celebrity Apprentice in episode 8 during season 11, which aired on April 24, 2011 on NBC. In an Apprentice first, Jackson was rehired in the following episode, as she felt she couldn't defend her case. La Toya was fired for the second time on May 8, 2011 and became the first person in history to be fired from The Apprentice twice within the same season. She was also the first guest judge to appear in two episodes of season three of RuPaul's Drag Race.[60] She also served as guest judge on the 17th season of America's Next Top Model. Jackson's second memoir, Starting Over, was released in the United States on June 21, 2011 through Gallery Books, an imprint of Simon & Schuster.[61] An EP, also called Starting Over,was released the same day via digital outlets.[62]
In 2013, Jackson started her own reality series called Life With La Toya which is premiered on Oprah Winfrey's OWN.[63] Also in 2013, Jackson rejoined the newest cast for The All-Star Celebrity Apprentice. Jackson lasted until the 3rd episode of the season, when she was fired on an episode titled "I'm Being Punked By A Jackson". Jackson volunteered to be the project manager on a task that saw the cast creating a Soap Opera themed commercial for Crystal Light. Jackson's team lost the task and she subsequently was fired by Donald Trump. Unlike her first appearance on the show, Trump specifically stated that he would not allow Jackson to return to the show after being fired. In September 2013, Jackson made her stage debut in a week-long engagement in the off-Broadway musical, Newsical.[64]
It was falsely reported that on December 6, 2013 Jackson married her business partner Jeffre Phillips in Los Angeles.[65] On December 16 TMZ reported that La Toya and Jeffre stated that they have not married and this was reaffirmed on Oprah: Where Are They Now?.[66] Jeffre had publicly asked her to marry him in an episode of her reality series that recently aired.[67] His decision to propose to La Toya was prompted by their friend Brenda Harvey Richie (ex-wife of Lionel Richie) who noted that they had been best friends for 15 years as he became La Toya's business partner after Jack Gordon. He did so with the permission of La Toya's father, Joe Jackson.[68]
Currently, she and Jeffre are also the executive producers of a documentary called "Dancing in Jaffa" which follows 150 young Jewish and Palestinian Israelis as they dance together in unity by putting their cultural differences aside.[69][70]
Vocal style and influences[edit]
La Toya Jackson has a three-octave vocal range which soars to a high D#6 in her single, "Bet'cha Gonna Need My Lovin'."[71] The Evening Independent says that she has an "attractive, pleasant voice that is matured and controlled."[72] Andrew Hamilton of AllMusic describes her voice as a light, wispy "sexy whisper".[73] Like her siblings, Michael and Janet, she is mainly a pop, R&B and dance music performer but she has also dabbled in rock as heard in her song, "No More Drama" and reggae in her signature song "Heart Don't Lie."
Like many other Jacksons, she cites James Brown as a "major influence".[74] When Jackson headlined the Moulin Rouge she paid homage to La Goulue and cited Josephine Baker as an influence. L'Express hailed Jackson as "the new Josephine Baker."[29] According to academic Bennetta Jules-Rosette, "Through careful planning, she was able to model a successful part of her career abroad on the master tropes of a Baker-like image. Jackson exemplifies Baudrillard's notion that neither the message nor the content count as much as the referentiality of the signifier in postmodern performative discourse."[75]
Discography[edit]
Main article: La Toya Jackson discography
Studio albums[edit]
La Toya Jackson (1980)
My Special Love (1981)
Heart Don't Lie (1984)
Imagination (1986)
La Toya (1988)
Bad Girl (1991)
No Relations (1991)
From Nashville to You (1994)
Stop in the Name of Love (1995)
Extended plays[edit]
Starting Over (2011)
Stage recordings[edit]
Formidable (1992)
Awards and other achievements[edit]
Jackson co-wrote "Reggae Nights" for reggae artist Jimmy Cliff, which received a Grammy nomination for Best Reggae Recording.[47] She later recorded the song for her album No Relations. She also wrote "Brown Eyes" for Cliff.
Jackson was honored as a writer, arranger, and producer of Cliff Hanger, which won the Grammy Award for Best Reggae Album in 1986.[76]
She was one of the recipients of a Grammy Award for Record of the Year as a vocalist for "We Are the World".[77]
She wrote Home for Christmas for The Beu Sisters
She won one of five Outstanding Song Awards at the 1985 World Popular Song Festival in Tokyo, Japan, for her song "Baby Sister"[11]
Jackson received a US Congressional Tribute for her participation in a "Beat It" rally and Stay In School Campaign[78]
Jackson's footprints were immortalized on Rotterdam's Star Boulevard Walk of Fame on 19 December 1991, originally located in Scheveningen.
She has a namesake dessert at Millions of Milkshakes in West Hollywood. The "La Toya Jackson Shake" consists of strawberries, raspberries, caramel, topped with whipped cream and a Cadbury flake.[79]
See also[edit]

Portal icon The Jackson Family portal



References[edit]
1.Jump up ^ Jackson, La Toya; Patricia Romanowski (1991). La Toya: Growing Up in the Jackson Family. Dutton Publishing. p. 54. ISBN 0-451-17415-1.
2.Jump up ^ Jackson, La Toya; Patricia Romanowski (1991). La Toya: Growing Up in the Jackson Family. Dutton Publishing. p. 65. ISBN 0-451-17415-1.
3.Jump up ^ Randolph, Laura B. 'My first love': celebrities recall the first time they were hit by Cupid's arrow. Ebony magazine February 01, 1989
4.Jump up ^ Michael A. Gonzales, Vibe Magazine 'The Rise and Fall of the Debarge Family' at the Wayback Machine (archived December 17, 2007), September 10, 2007.
5.^ Jump up to: a b Jackson, Joseph (September 2004). The Jacksons. Random House Entertainment. p. 115. ISBN 3-8090-3028-7.
6.Jump up ^ "Waiting for the day when she's not just 'his sister'" Spokane Daily Chronicle, June 18, 1985
7.Jump up ^ Lebow, Joan [1] Daily News Record May 17, 1984
8.Jump up ^ David Laurenz, Latoya Jackson sign 3-year pact., Women's Wear Daily, April 24, 1984
9.Jump up ^ By Peter Carlson, Roger Wolmuth 'The Jacksons Continue to Gear Up for the Pop Cultural Event of the Year at a Pace—Slow—That Is Driving Fans and Potential Business Partners into a Frenzy' PEOPLE May 07, 1984 Vol. 21 No. 18
10.Jump up ^ Britton, A.G.La Roya a hit for Mahogany Image (La Toya Jackson) (Holiday Fragrance supplement) Women's Wear Daily September 13, 1985
11.^ Jump up to: a b "'16th World Popular Song Festival'". Users.telenet.be. Retrieved 2010-06-24.
12.Jump up ^ Jackson, Katherine. Everything you always wanted to know about Michael, Janet and LaToya: mother of Jackson family tells all - excerpt from Katherine Jackson's 'My Family, The Jacksons' Ebony, October, 1990
13.Jump up ^ 'La Toya off on her own', Chicago Sun-Times May 2, 1988
14.Jump up ^ Jackson, La Toya; Patricia Romanowski (1991). La Toya: Growing Up in the Jackson Family. Dutton Publishing. pp. 205–206. ISBN 0-451-17415-1.
15.Jump up ^ Jackson, La Toya; Patricia Romanowski (1991). La Toya: Growing Up in the Jackson Family. Dutton Publishing. p. 207. ISBN 0-451-17415-1.
16.^ Jump up to: a b c d Randolph, Laura B. 'LaToya Jackson on: fame, family and her future in Paris', July, 1992
17.Jump up ^ "Cherry Pop Records". Cherryred.co.uk. Retrieved 2010-06-24.
18.^ Jump up to: a b c "'La Toya Jackson files gender-based violence suit against husband.', Jet Magazine, July 15, 1996.
19.^ Jump up to: a b c d "CNN.com - Transcripts". Transcripts.cnn.com. 2003-03-04. Retrieved 2010-06-24.
20.^ Jump up to: a b c d e f "LaToya Jackson Defends Michael". ABC News. January 20, 2005.
21.Jump up ^ "Lexington Herald-Leader (KY) - September 5, 1989". Nl.newsbank.com. 1989-09-05. Retrieved 2010-06-24.
22.^ Jump up to: a b Lloyd, Jimmy. 'La Toya's forced wedding hell', The Sun, 06 Jan 2009.
23.Jump up ^ 'Wedding Bells were a hoax, La Toya Says', Deseret News, Friday, Sept. 8, 1989.[dead link]
24.Jump up ^ Lloyd, Jimmy. 'Shaken ... La Toya opens up about suffering domestic abuse' The Sun, 04 Jan 2009.
25.Jump up ^ 'LaToya Jackson Beaten in Rome' Los Angeles Times, June 15, 1990.
26.Jump up ^ Jackson, La Toya; Patricia Romanowski (1991). La Toya: Growing Up in the Jackson Family. New American Library. p. 261. ISBN 0-451-17415-1.
27.Jump up ^ Lavin, Cheryl. 'Brawl in the family La Toya Jackson's book heats up the tug of war between her family and her manager', Chicago Tribune Aug 11, 1991.
28.Jump up ^ Norment, Lynn. 'Grown-up Janet Jackson talks about racism, sensuality and the Jackson family' Ebony, Sept 1993.[dead link]
29.^ Jump up to: a b Cohen, Roger. 'Paris Journal; Today's Lament: Where's Yesteryear's Gay Paree?' The New York Times, January 29, 1993.
30.Jump up ^ 'Currents' The Beaver County Times Feb 7, 1993
31.Jump up ^ ""Janet Jackson"". E! True Hollywood Story. Season 8. Episode 3. Oct 19, 2003. E!.
32.Jump up ^ 'Latoya Jackson's Marriage Becomes a Danger Zone' People Magazine, May 03, 1993 Vol. 39 No. 17.
33.Jump up ^ Dominguez, Robert. 'More La Toya Stories The Grande Dame of Dysfunction will reveal 'Family Secrets' on new new 900-Line' New York Daily News Wednesday, January 10th, 1996, 1:95AM.
34.^ Jump up to: a b 'La Toya Jacksons Ex Threatened To Kill Michael and Janet', femalefirst.co.uk, 25-01-2005.
35.Jump up ^ 'Self-defense claim' Chicago Tribune, April 23, 1993.
36.Jump up ^ Weinraub, Robert. 'The Jackson Family Reunited, Sort Of', The New York Times, February 21, 1994.
37.Jump up ^ 'La Toya: Charges Are True; Family Says Jackson Never Molested Kids' The Washington Post, December 9, 1993.
38.Jump up ^ 'Jacksons refute LaToya's charge Michael kept boys with him at family home.' Jet Magazine, December 27, 1993 "...charges against him have come from sister LaToya, who several weeks ago, ironically, defended him on national television. "
39.Jump up ^ Taraborrelli, J. Randy (2004). The Magic and the Madness. Terra Alta, WV: Headline. ISBN 0-330-42005-4. p. 534-540.
40.Jump up ^ ""S8E1"". "The Frank Skinner Show". Season 8. Episode 1. 14 October 2004. BBC One.“” (2007-08-12). "YouTube - La Toya Jackson on Frank Skinner". Au.youtube.com. Retrieved 2010-06-24.
41.^ Jump up to: a b Pratt, Paul E. 'La Toya Jackson Learns Life’s Lessons' at the Wayback Machine (archived March 30, 2007), gaywired.com, 06.13.05.
42.Jump up ^ Benza, A.J. & Lewittes, Michael. 'La Toya's Franc Admission', New York Daily News, Thursday, July 20th, 1995, 1:14AM.
43.Jump up ^ Jensen!. 14 May 2008. RTL 5.
44.Jump up ^ "La Toya on escaping Jack Gordon". YouTube. Retrieved 2010-06-24.
45.^ Jump up to: a b Montgomery, James. 'LaToya Jackson Tries New Career As 'Toy,' Says 'Michael Knows My Heart' ' MTV, Sep 1 2004 8:35 PM EDT
46.^ Jump up to: a b Louise Gannon 'Michael was too good for this world' News of the World 20/06/2010
47.^ Jump up to: a b c "VH1 La Toya Jackson biography". VH1. Viacom. Archived from the original on 2008-03-10. Retrieved 2010-03-25.
48.Jump up ^ NORM : A dual celebration for Guy Laliberte, Las Vegas Review-Journal, June 28, 2006
49.Jump up ^ eurweb.com, September 15, 2006
50.Jump up ^ 'La Toya's still haunted by her violent ex-husband' National Enquirer, 2005
51.^ Jump up to: a b Graham, Caroline. 'La Toya Jackson: Michael was murdered... I felt it from the start', Daily Mail, 13th July 2009
52.Jump up ^ Singh, Anita. 'Celebrity Big Brother begins', The Daily Telegraph, 8:20PM GMT 02 Jan 2009
53.Jump up ^ 'Jackson's diva demands on Big Brother', The Times of India, January 2009, 03:28pm IST
54.Jump up ^ "Bungalo Records". Bungalo Records. Retrieved 2010-06-24.
55.Jump up ^ 'LaToya song re-released as Jackson tribute', Associated Press, July 17, 2009.
56.Jump up ^ 'Coroner rules Jackson’s death a homicide', MSNBC, Mon., Aug 24, 2009.
57.Jump up ^ Stone, Susan. La Toya Jackson Poses for Alessandro Cream Ad ,Women's Wear Daily ,March 31, 2010
58.Jump up ^ Odell, Amy. La Toya Jackson Now Fronts a $227 Hand Cream With Diamond Dust, New York Magazine, 3/31/10
59.Jump up ^ "Music". JaTail. Retrieved 2010-06-24.
60.Jump up ^ "Press Release - La Toya Jackson to Guest Judge on "RuPaul's Drag Race"". 24-7pressrelease.com. Retrieved 2013-04-07.
61.Jump up ^ Find Out What S&S Authors Are Doing Right Now. "La Toya Jackson | Official Publisher Page". Authors.simonandschuster.com. Retrieved 2011-10-09.
62.Jump up ^ "La Toya Jackson Starting Over Promo". YouTube. 2011-06-21. Retrieved 2011-10-09.
63.Jump up ^ Levine, Stuart (Aug 1, 2012). "OWN orders La Toya Jackson reality series". Variety. Retrieved 4 August 2012.
64.Jump up ^ Adam Hetrick (2013-08-23). "La Toya Jackson Will Join Off-Broadway's NEWSical The Musical". Playbill. Retrieved 2014-06-27.
65.Jump up ^ "LaToya Jackson marries Jeffre Phillips in Los Angeles". upi.com. United Press International, Inc. December 9, 2013. Retrieved 24 March 2014.
66.Jump up ^ "Latoya calls BS, I am Not Married". tmz.com. EHM Productions, Inc. Retrieved 24 March 2014.
67.Jump up ^ Hoffman, Michael (2014-06-21). "‘Life With La Toya’ Episode Guide (June 21): Jeffré Pops the Question". TVImpulse.com. Retrieved 2014-06-29.
68.Jump up ^ "Joe Jackson Gives La Toya Jackson's Fiancé His Marriage Blessing (VIDEO)". Huffingtonpost.com. Retrieved 2014-06-29.
69.Jump up ^ "Dancing in Jaffa – IFC Entertainment". Ifcfilms.com. Retrieved 2014-06-29.
70.Jump up ^ "Dancing in Jaffa (2013) - Full Cast & Crew". IMDb. 2009-05-01. Retrieved 2014-06-29.
71.Jump up ^ Emrick, Matt (1 December 2007). "Church of La Toya Exclusive: Tommy Martin Speaks to Church of La Toya". Church of La Toya. Archived from the original on Oct 26, 2010. Retrieved 8 July 2012.
72.Jump up ^ "La Toya Jackson (Polydor)". Evening Independent. pp. 10–B. Retrieved 22 December 2011.
73.Jump up ^ "Bad Girl - La Toya Jackson". Retrieved 2012-07-08.
74.Jump up ^ AskMen Editors. "Interview: LaToya Jackson". AskMen. AskMen. Retrieved 14 October 2012.
75.Jump up ^ Jules-Rosette, Bennetta (2007). "8". Josephine Baker in Art and Life: The Icon and the Image (1 ed.). University of Illinois Press. p. 259. ISBN 0252074122.
76.Jump up ^ Jackson, La Toya (13 Apr 2012). "Twitter / @latoyajackson". Twitter. Retrieved 16 April 2012.
77.Jump up ^ "LaToya Jackson Grammy Certificate, 1985". Liveauctioneers.com. 2007-05-30. Retrieved 2010-06-24.
78.Jump up ^ US Congressional Tribute to La Toya Jackson "La Toya Jackson participated in a 'Beat It' rally and the Stay in School Campaign, and this letter recognizes her contribution of time and leadership. Louis Stokes, Congressman for the 21st District, signed this tribute letter, written on US Congress letterhead."
79.Jump up ^ "La Toya Jackson Serves Milkshakes on Halloween To Raise Funds for Aids Project LA" November 01, 2009
External links[edit]
 Wikimedia Commons has media related to La Toya Jackson.
Official site
Official Facebook Page
La Toya Jackson at the Internet Movie Database
Church of La Toya—officially endorsed fan site


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 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/La_Toya_Jackson









La Toya Jackson

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

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For other uses, see La Toya (disambiguation).

La Toya Jackson
La Toya Jackson cropped.jpg
Jackson in 2011

Background information

Birth name
La Toya Yvonne Jackson
Also known as
Toy
Born
May 29, 1956 (age 59)
Gary, Indiana, United States
Genres
Pop, R&B, dance
Occupation(s)
Singer, songwriter, actress, activist, model, author, celebrity, businesswoman, television personality
Years active
1972–present
Labels
Polydor Records
(1980–82)
Epic (1983–87)
 Teldec / RCA (1987–88)
 Teldec (1989)
 BCM (1990)
 Pump / Dino (1991–92)
 Mar-Gor (1993)
 CMC (1994 – 95)
 Ja-Tail / Bungalo (2002–present)
Associated acts
The Jackson 5, Michael Jackson, Janet Jackson, Rebbie Jackson, USA for Africa
Website
Official Site
La Toya Yvonne Jackson (born May 29, 1956) is an American singer, songwriter, author, television personality, actress, businesswoman, philanthropist, activist and former model. She is the fifth child of the Jackson family. She maintained a career as a singer throughout the 1980s and 1990s, and returned to music in 2004 with her Billboard charting songs "Just Wanna Dance" and "Free the World". An EP called Starting Over was released on June 21, 2011.


Contents  [hide]
1 Life and career 1.1 1956–1979: Early life and The Jacksons
1.2 1980–1983: Beginning of solo career
1.3 1984–1987: Heart Don't Lie and international success
1.4 1988–1989: Departure from the Jackson family and Playboy
1.5 1989–1996: Public notoriety, abuse, and exile from the Jackson family
1.6 1996–2002: Escape and seclusion
1.7 2003–2006: Re-emergence and return to music
1.8 2007–2009: Reality television
1.9 2010–present: Reality television and Starting Over
2 Vocal style and influences
3 Discography 3.1 Studio albums
3.2 Extended plays
3.3 Stage recordings
4 Awards and other achievements
5 See also
6 References
7 External links

Life and career[edit]
1956–1979: Early life and The Jacksons[edit]
Born on her sister Rebbie's 6th birthday on May 29, 1956, in Gary, Indiana, La Toya Jackson is the fifth of ten children born to Joseph Jackson and Katherine Jackson and the middle female child between Rebbie and Janet. Growing up, La Toya was a shy homebody. After her mother became a member of the Jehovah's Witnesses in 1965, La Toya, along with the rest of her siblings followed. She would spend some of her time (alongside her mother) preaching door-to-door. "Every morning, Michael and I witnessed, knocking on doors around Los Angeles, spreading the word of Jehovah."[1] By 1972, at sixteen, La Toya joined her brothers in the spotlight with a tap dancing routine when her father arranged for them to perform shows in Las Vegas, among other cities.[2] Jackson aspired to be an attorney specializing in business law. She attended college for a short time before her father insisted that she pursue a career in show business like the rest of the family.
In 1976 and 1977, La Toya and her sisters Rebbie and Janet appeared in all twelve episodes of The Jacksons—a CBS-TV variety program, with their brothers Jackie, Tito, Marlon, Michael, and Randy. Along with their brothers (minus Jermaine), La Toya and her sisters sang, danced and performed skits. In 1978 during the filming of The Wiz, La Toya traveled with her brother Michael (who was cast as the Scarecrow), to New York. Sharing an apartment, it was the first time either of them had lived elsewhere as adults. Close siblings, Michael and La Toya, would not move out of the family's Encino, Los Angeles, California home until they were 30 and 31 respectively. Gentleman callers during this period included Diana Ross' brother Chico, Prince, and a young David Gest.[3] Jackson also dated Bobby DeBarge and was the inspiration for Switch's 1979 hit "I Call Your Name".[4]
Under Joe Jackson's tutelage Rebbie, La Toya and Janet formed a short-lived musical group. However, they never performed live and soon separated because of creative differences about the act's future direction. Consequently, no related material was ever released by the trio.[5] The next year, La Toya began work on her first solo album.
1980–1983: Beginning of solo career[edit]
In 1980, Jackson released her self-titled debut album. In order to distinguish herself from her famous brothers, The Jacksons, La Toya only wanted her first name on the album. "I begged just to have it 'La Toya'. But my father said, 'It's your last name. You got to use it.' But I wanted to see what I could do as an individual."[6] The first single "If You Feel the Funk", became a modest hit, climbing into the Top 40 of the US R&B chart. Her second single, "Night Time Lover", was produced by younger brother Michael, who provided backing vocals. In turn, she provided the opening scream on her brothers', The Jacksons, 1980 hit, "This Place Hotel" as well as backing vocals on brother Michael's 1984 solo hit "P.Y.T. (Pretty Young Thing)".
The La Toya Jackson album peaked at #116 on the US Billboard 200, #26 on the Billboard R&B album chart, and #178 on the UK Top 200, making it her highest placing album.
In 1982, Jackson released a follow-up album, My Special Love, which generated two singles, "Stay the Night" and "I Don't Want You to Go".
1984–1987: Heart Don't Lie and international success[edit]
1984 saw the release of Jackson's critically acclaimed album Heart Don't Lie. Jackson scored her biggest Billboard Hot 100 hit with the titular track "Heart Don't Lie", which peaked at number 56. Other singles from this album were "Bet'cha Gonna Need My Lovin'", "Hot Potato", and a cover of Prince's "Private Joy." Jackson and Amir Bayyan co-wrote "Reggae Nights" for Heart Don't Lie but the track did not make the cut. Jimmy Cliff's recording of the song was a hit and was nominated for a Grammy. Cliff commissioned Jackson to write two more songs: "Brown Eyes" and "American Sweet."
In 1984, Jackson capitalized on her rising popularity by licensing her name to a fashion line; "David Laurenz for La Toya."[7] According to her three-year contract with the suede and leather-maker Jackson agreed to only wear David Laurenz items during her public appearances. Apparel in the collection included Jackson's signature leather headbands.[8][9] Jackson starred in adverts for Nikon cameras and the following year she become the spokesmodel for cosmetics firm Mahogany Image and launched her own eponymous fragrance, La Toya.[10]
In 1985, Jackson participated on the single "We Are the World", an appeal for famine relief in Ethiopia. That same year Jackson featured in anti-drug music video "Stop the Madness".




"Baby Sister"







A sample from "Baby Sister", a single by La Toya Jackson.

Problems playing this file? See media help.
Her 1985 single "Baby Sister" was a notable success, as it received one of five Outstanding Song Awards at the sixteenth annual World Popular Song Festival in Japan. "Baby Sister" was included on the 1986 album Imagination, released just before Jackson's record label, Private-I, went bankrupt resulting in poor promotion.[11] Jackson went on to record two duets; "Oops, Oh No!" with Cerrone, and "Yes, I'm Ready" with artist Jed. In 1987 Jackson was featured as a special guest at Minako Honda's DISPA (Disco Party) concert, joining in for the song, "Funkytown".
1988–1989: Departure from the Jackson family and Playboy[edit]



 Jackson on the cover of Playboy.
In 1987, Jack Gordon was hired to co-manage La Toya by her father, Joseph. He later took over her management completely. Under Gordon's management, Jackson's public image became increasingly sexier. Katherine Jackson recalled her shock seeing La Toya dance in a suggestive manner in 1988 for the first time in her autobiography My Family, The Jacksons: "she'd been so conservative that she'd once dropped a friend who had begun wearing low-cut tops and skirts with slits in them." Katherine believed that Gordon was distancing La Toya from her family so he could "become the dominating influence in her life."[12] Around this time Jackson was disfellowshipped by the Jehovah's Witnesses. Defying her father, Jackson made a stormy exit from the family's Encino compound to take up residence in New York City.[13] In late 1988, Jackson released the album La Toya, which featured the singles, "You're Gonna Get Rocked!" and "(Ain't Nobody Loves You) Like I Do". The album also included a track titled "Just Say No", which was written for the Reagan administration's anti-drug campaign.[14] The album included four tracks produced by Full Force, and three by Stock Aitken Waterman. The album is notable for being the first one Jackson released after changing her management.[15]
In March 1989, Jackson posed topless for Playboy magazine. Jackson saw the pictorial as a declaration of independence from her conservative upbringing and "to show my parents they couldn't dictate to me any more—that I control my life."[16] The cover and layout was one of the most successful issues in Playboy's history, turning Jackson into an overnight sex symbol.[17] At its time of release, it sold over 8 million copies, going on to become the fourteenth best selling issue of the magazine ever. She posed again in Playboy in November 1991 to promote her autobiography and subsequently acted in a 1994 video for the magazine, becoming one of the first celebrities to have a Playboy video released. She later said that she initially refused to pose for the second spread and for the video, however, Gordon beat her into submission.[18][19][20]
In 1989, Jackson began recording her sixth album Bad Girl. That year Jackson staged a live pay-per-view concert, A Sizzling Spectacular!, from Bally's theatre in Reno. Jackson's set list included songs from La Toya and Bad Girl. The show featured special guest star Edgar Winter.[21]
1989–1996: Public notoriety, abuse, and exile from the Jackson family[edit]
On September 5, 1989, after her Sizzling Spectacular concert in Nevada, Gordon forcibly married Jackson, claiming it was for her own protection against kidnapping by her family. La Toya Jackson states that this was both unplanned and against her wishes. According to Jackson; "I told him, 'No way, Jack! I can't marry you. You know what marriage means to me. I've never been in love; I don't even date.... It's not right. I don't love you. I don't have feelings for you.'"[16] Jackson tried to run out of the chapel three times but bodyguard Antonio Rossi grabbed her saying, "There's some things you have to do. Even if you don't want to."[22][23] Jackson told Ebony magazine the marriage was "strictly in name only. It has never been consummated."[16] Six months into the marriage, Jackson asked Gordon for an annulment when in Rome, Italy. In response, Gordon repeatedly bashed her head against the corner of the hotel room table saying that he would never let her go. Paparazzi subsequently photographed Jackson with black eyes, which Gordon claimed were caused by an intruder.[20][22][24][25] From this point forward, Jackson lost all contact with her family and wrote an autobiography, La Toya: Growing Up in the Jackson Family, which accused her father of physical abuse.[26] For roughly the next decade Gordon controlled Jackson with threats, lies, and routine violence. According to Jackson, "When he hit me, the first time I was in shock, I just recalled my ear ringing, just ringing so hard."[20] Gordon confiscated Jackson's passport, transferred her bank accounts into his name, hired bodyguards to watch La Toya constantly and banned her from speaking to or seeing her family, monitoring her every phone call.[20] La Toya's father Joseph stated in his book The Jacksons that he believed Gordon brainwashed La Toya and made her fearful of her own family.[5] Katherine also believed that La Toya had been brainwashed while Gordon claimed that Katherine had tried to kill her daughter.[27] Sister Janet concurred with her parents saying at the time, "I think this guy who is with her has brainwashed her and made her like this... He keeps her away from the family, and now he's brainwashed her so much she keeps herself away from us."[18][28]
In 1990, Jackson participated in the Sanremo Music Festival, entering "You and Me" an English-language version of "Verso l'ignoto" by siblings Marcella and Gianni Bella. While "You and Me" did not win Best Song, it entered Italy's hit parade, peaking at number twenty-eight. That year Jackson signed on with German-based BCM Records and released the single "Why Don't You Want My Love?" Jackson recorded other material with BCM, but the label went bankrupt and album plans were scrapped. Jackson signed with Dino Records quickly thereafter. 1991 saw the release of No Relations, an album with strong house and funk influences. This album featured Jackson's top twenty-five Netherlands hit "Sexbox".
In 1992, Jackson signed a contract with the Moulin Rouge in Paris to star in her own revue, Formidable. Jackson was to perform two shows a night, six nights a week. Jackson was highest paid performer in the cabaret's history earning a reported $5 million. Though Formidable was successful, selling out on most nights, Jackson departed half-way into her year-long contract owing the nightclub $550,000 in damages.[16][29]
In October 1992, while taping an Exotic Club Tour in Minneapolis Jackson approached sister Janet Jackson, also in town recording her fifth studio album with Jimmy Jam and Terry Lewis, to ask for help in escaping Gordon. Janet struck La Toya, accusing her elder sister of recording their conversation.[30][31]
In 1993 in their New York home, Gordon beat Jackson repeatedly with a heavy brass dining room chair, leaving Jackson with black eyes, swollen lip and chin "the size of a clenched fist," cuts requiring 12 mouth stitches and contusions on her face, arms, legs and back.[32][33] Jackson lost consciousness during the beating, leading Gordon to believe she was dead. She recalled, "He called his friends and said, 'She's dead. I killed her,' because I was lying in a puddle of blood and I was out."[34] Gordon was arrested but then released, claiming he beat Jackson in self-defense.[35] In December 1993 Gordon hastily arranged a press conference in Tel Aviv, where he had Jackson read a statement claiming to believe the sensational sex abuse allegation against her younger brother Michael might be true.[36][37] This was an abrupt reversal of her previous defense of Michael against the charges.[38] Gordon claimed La Toya had proof which she was prepared to disclose for a fee of $500,000. A bidding war between US and UK tabloids began, but fell through when they realized that her revelations were not what she had claimed them to be.[39] According to La Toya, Gordon threatened to have siblings Michael and Janet killed if she didn't follow his orders.[34][40]
Under Gordon's management, Jackson's career declined with his booking of disreputable jobs such as spokesperson for the Psychic Friends Network. Because of Gordon's steady stream of publicity stunts and her media portrayal as the Jackson family "black sheep" La Toya had become a hate figure of sorts.[41] By the mid-1990s Jackson's finances were in disarray and she was forced to file for bankruptcy in order to stave off claims of $650,000 in damages to the Moulin Rouge for ending her contract early.[42] In 1993 Jackson held a concert at Poland's Sopot International Song Festival and released a step aerobics exercise video, Step-Up Workout. In 1994, Jackson again worked for Playboy Entertainment, becoming one of the very first celebrities to have a Celebrity Centerfold video. Playboy Celebrity Centerfold: La Toya Jackson was released in the first quarter of 1994 and sold roughly 50,000 copies. Jackson later released two albums, one of country music, From Nashville to You, and another of Motown hits, Stop in the Name of Love, in the mid-1990s.
1996–2002: Escape and seclusion[edit]
Further information: Gordon v. Gordon
When Jackson became aware that Gordon was planning to feature her in a pornographic film she decided she'd had enough. Jackson phoned brother Randy who flew to New York to help her escape while Gordon was out.[20][43][44] Only days later, La Toya filed for divorce from Las Vegas and sued Gordon in civil court for years of abuse under the Violence Against Women Act. She changed her name from La Toya Jackson-Gordon to La Toya Jackson thusforth dropping use of her former middle name Yvonne.[18]
La Toya Jackson ended her estrangement with the entire Jackson family and returned home to Hayvenhurst. Jackson forgave her parents for her stifled upbringing reasoning, "I've come to realize that as we get older, we grow and learn a lot more. And I think that my father and my mother, they raised children the best way they know how."[19] According to La Toya, Michael knew that she was forced to attack him in the press against her will and he did not blame her.[45] "He never held any of that against me, I remember when I'd got away from this total hell I'd been through where I'd been beaten, abused, controlled and forced to say those terrible things about Michael, which I didn't for a moment believe, he held out his arms and just hugged me. I was crying saying: 'I'm so sorry, I'm so sorry.' He just held me tight and said: 'I am your brother, I always knew it wasn't you saying those words."[46]
Jackson's last single of the 1990s was "Don't Break My Heart."
After separating from Gordon, Jackson cloistered herself in her home and lived alone for the first time—the first six months she stated she never actually left her house due to being terrified of Gordon seeing her. Weary after her years of public scorn, she didn't know what to do with her life and was afraid to perform again.[45] Jackson struggled to rebuild her confidence but was plagued with self-doubt, explaining, "I got to the point, [...] where—well, you know in the media they say things like, 'Oh, she can't sing. She has no talent. She can't dance.' I started believing that, and I was thinking, 'Oh my God'. And I started thinking, 'Oh gee, how could this happen to me?' How could I start believing this?".[19] After this time she started to perform in Europe and South America occasionally to start making money to pay off the huge debts which Gordon had accumulated in her name while they were married. In the wake of the September 11 attacks Jackson was moved to compose "Free the World". She performed the song for friends to a positive reception. This spurred on Jackson to write more songs, ending up with a full album, Startin' Over.
2003–2006: Re-emergence and return to music[edit]
Jackson publicly re-emerged on Larry King Live on March 9, 2003. Her appearance caused CNN's phone lines to stay busy for hours and was King's highest-rated show in three years.[47] Jackson announced her first musical project in six years, Startin' Over.[19] Startin' Over's lead single was 2004's "Just Wanna Dance", released independently under her pseudonymous nickname "Toy" in order to avoid any prejudices DJs might hold against La Toya Jackson's name. The plan worked, with "Just Wanna Dance" reaching #13 on the US Billboard Hot Dance chart. "Free the World" was released later that year to similar success. Jackson's label, Ja-Tail Records secured a deal with Universal Music Group to distribute the album, which was delayed several times due to extenuating circumstances. The 2003 promotional copy of Startin' Over leaked online in 2006, however Jackson's management revealed that the entire album was being re-recorded with an all-new track list and updated sound. That year Jackson became the spokeswoman for Australian malt beverage Star Ice's US launch.[48][49]
After Jack Gordon's death in 2005, Jackson was free to speak more openly about the control he exerted over her life. She sent a security expert to eyewitness that Gordon had not faked his death a second time.[50] In 2005 she appeared on ABC News to recant her previous allegations and defend brother Michael against new charges of child abuse.[20] VH1 described Jackson as a role model having weathered various successes and setbacks.[47] The perception of Jackson as an underdog and her support for LGBT rights has led her to be declared a gay icon.[41]
2007–2009: Reality television[edit]




"I Don't Play That"







A sample from "I Don't Play That", a single by La Toya Jackson.

Problems playing this file? See media help.
On January 10, 2007, the reality TV show Armed & Famous premiered on CBS starring Jackson and other celebrities. The program documented Jackson's basic training and service as a reserve police officer with the Muncie Police Department. Jackson maintains her badge by continuing to volunteer as a deputy.[51] The show was eventually removed from the CBS lineup, due to its inability to compete with American Idol. VH1 subsequently aired the remaining episodes. On the show, Jackson demonstrated her phobia of cats, after she began hysterically screaming and locked herself in a squad car. This fear, she revealed, was caused by a childhood memory in which a relative was attacked by a cat. She underwent on-screen therapy to try to relieve her of this phobia. A single called "Armed and Famous" was planned but the title was changed to "I Don't Play That" shortly before it was sent to radio stations, where it failed to take off, on January 29, 2007, due to CBS' cancellation of the show.
In January 2009, Jackson was paid £103,000 to appear as a contestant on the British television program Celebrity Big Brother. She was the second member of the Jackson family to be on the show, the first being her brother Jermaine in 2007.[52][53] Jackson's goal in participating in show was to get over her shyness and "mix with people who I'd never normally meet."[46] She was the fourth person evicted from the house, and was the first evictee of the series to be cheered on her exit.[citation needed]
The final version of Startin' Over was completed in late 2008, just before Jackson joined the cast of Celebrity Big Brother. A new lead single, "Love, Honor, and Obey", planned for a summer 2009 release, was put on hold because of the death of La Toya's younger brother Michael. Instead, "Home" was released on 28 July 2009 in Michael's memory with all proceeds going to AIDS Project Los Angeles, one of his favorite charities.[54][55] La Toya Jackson was one of the first siblings present at Reagan-UCLA Medical Center on June 25, 2009, after brother Michael Jackson was pronounced dead after suffering cardiac arrest. She was named as the informant on her brother's death certificate. Jackson requested a second autopsy to be carried out after noting suspicious medical paraphernalia in Michael's rented house, evasive behavior by his doctors, and discovering that $2 million in cash and jewels had gone missing. On July 13, an interview was published in News of the World and the Daily Mail wherein Jackson went public with her conclusion that Michael was murdered.[51] The Los Angeles County Coroner ruled Jackson's death a homicide weeks later.[56]
2010–present: Reality television and Starting Over[edit]



 La Toya Jackson on October 18, 2009 at an AIDS Walk in Los Angeles
In 2010, Jackson launched Dream Cream, a hand cream for German cosmetics firm Alessandro International, and named Teddy Riley head of Ja-Tail Records' music division.[57][58][59] Jackson took part in NBC's Celebrity Apprentice, which aired from March through May 2011 and raised $65,000 for her chosen charity, AIDS Project Los Angeles. La Toya was "fired" from Celebrity Apprentice in episode 8 during season 11, which aired on April 24, 2011 on NBC. In an Apprentice first, Jackson was rehired in the following episode, as she felt she couldn't defend her case. La Toya was fired for the second time on May 8, 2011 and became the first person in history to be fired from The Apprentice twice within the same season. She was also the first guest judge to appear in two episodes of season three of RuPaul's Drag Race.[60] She also served as guest judge on the 17th season of America's Next Top Model. Jackson's second memoir, Starting Over, was released in the United States on June 21, 2011 through Gallery Books, an imprint of Simon & Schuster.[61] An EP, also called Starting Over,was released the same day via digital outlets.[62]
In 2013, Jackson started her own reality series called Life With La Toya which is premiered on Oprah Winfrey's OWN.[63] Also in 2013, Jackson rejoined the newest cast for The All-Star Celebrity Apprentice. Jackson lasted until the 3rd episode of the season, when she was fired on an episode titled "I'm Being Punked By A Jackson". Jackson volunteered to be the project manager on a task that saw the cast creating a Soap Opera themed commercial for Crystal Light. Jackson's team lost the task and she subsequently was fired by Donald Trump. Unlike her first appearance on the show, Trump specifically stated that he would not allow Jackson to return to the show after being fired. In September 2013, Jackson made her stage debut in a week-long engagement in the off-Broadway musical, Newsical.[64]
It was falsely reported that on December 6, 2013 Jackson married her business partner Jeffre Phillips in Los Angeles.[65] On December 16 TMZ reported that La Toya and Jeffre stated that they have not married and this was reaffirmed on Oprah: Where Are They Now?.[66] Jeffre had publicly asked her to marry him in an episode of her reality series that recently aired.[67] His decision to propose to La Toya was prompted by their friend Brenda Harvey Richie (ex-wife of Lionel Richie) who noted that they had been best friends for 15 years as he became La Toya's business partner after Jack Gordon. He did so with the permission of La Toya's father, Joe Jackson.[68]
Currently, she and Jeffre are also the executive producers of a documentary called "Dancing in Jaffa" which follows 150 young Jewish and Palestinian Israelis as they dance together in unity by putting their cultural differences aside.[69][70]
Vocal style and influences[edit]
La Toya Jackson has a three-octave vocal range which soars to a high D#6 in her single, "Bet'cha Gonna Need My Lovin'."[71] The Evening Independent says that she has an "attractive, pleasant voice that is matured and controlled."[72] Andrew Hamilton of AllMusic describes her voice as a light, wispy "sexy whisper".[73] Like her siblings, Michael and Janet, she is mainly a pop, R&B and dance music performer but she has also dabbled in rock as heard in her song, "No More Drama" and reggae in her signature song "Heart Don't Lie."
Like many other Jacksons, she cites James Brown as a "major influence".[74] When Jackson headlined the Moulin Rouge she paid homage to La Goulue and cited Josephine Baker as an influence. L'Express hailed Jackson as "the new Josephine Baker."[29] According to academic Bennetta Jules-Rosette, "Through careful planning, she was able to model a successful part of her career abroad on the master tropes of a Baker-like image. Jackson exemplifies Baudrillard's notion that neither the message nor the content count as much as the referentiality of the signifier in postmodern performative discourse."[75]
Discography[edit]
Main article: La Toya Jackson discography
Studio albums[edit]
La Toya Jackson (1980)
My Special Love (1981)
Heart Don't Lie (1984)
Imagination (1986)
La Toya (1988)
Bad Girl (1991)
No Relations (1991)
From Nashville to You (1994)
Stop in the Name of Love (1995)
Extended plays[edit]
Starting Over (2011)
Stage recordings[edit]
Formidable (1992)
Awards and other achievements[edit]
Jackson co-wrote "Reggae Nights" for reggae artist Jimmy Cliff, which received a Grammy nomination for Best Reggae Recording.[47] She later recorded the song for her album No Relations. She also wrote "Brown Eyes" for Cliff.
Jackson was honored as a writer, arranger, and producer of Cliff Hanger, which won the Grammy Award for Best Reggae Album in 1986.[76]
She was one of the recipients of a Grammy Award for Record of the Year as a vocalist for "We Are the World".[77]
She wrote Home for Christmas for The Beu Sisters
She won one of five Outstanding Song Awards at the 1985 World Popular Song Festival in Tokyo, Japan, for her song "Baby Sister"[11]
Jackson received a US Congressional Tribute for her participation in a "Beat It" rally and Stay In School Campaign[78]
Jackson's footprints were immortalized on Rotterdam's Star Boulevard Walk of Fame on 19 December 1991, originally located in Scheveningen.
She has a namesake dessert at Millions of Milkshakes in West Hollywood. The "La Toya Jackson Shake" consists of strawberries, raspberries, caramel, topped with whipped cream and a Cadbury flake.[79]
See also[edit]

Portal icon The Jackson Family portal



References[edit]
1.Jump up ^ Jackson, La Toya; Patricia Romanowski (1991). La Toya: Growing Up in the Jackson Family. Dutton Publishing. p. 54. ISBN 0-451-17415-1.
2.Jump up ^ Jackson, La Toya; Patricia Romanowski (1991). La Toya: Growing Up in the Jackson Family. Dutton Publishing. p. 65. ISBN 0-451-17415-1.
3.Jump up ^ Randolph, Laura B. 'My first love': celebrities recall the first time they were hit by Cupid's arrow. Ebony magazine February 01, 1989
4.Jump up ^ Michael A. Gonzales, Vibe Magazine 'The Rise and Fall of the Debarge Family' at the Wayback Machine (archived December 17, 2007), September 10, 2007.
5.^ Jump up to: a b Jackson, Joseph (September 2004). The Jacksons. Random House Entertainment. p. 115. ISBN 3-8090-3028-7.
6.Jump up ^ "Waiting for the day when she's not just 'his sister'" Spokane Daily Chronicle, June 18, 1985
7.Jump up ^ Lebow, Joan [1] Daily News Record May 17, 1984
8.Jump up ^ David Laurenz, Latoya Jackson sign 3-year pact., Women's Wear Daily, April 24, 1984
9.Jump up ^ By Peter Carlson, Roger Wolmuth 'The Jacksons Continue to Gear Up for the Pop Cultural Event of the Year at a Pace—Slow—That Is Driving Fans and Potential Business Partners into a Frenzy' PEOPLE May 07, 1984 Vol. 21 No. 18
10.Jump up ^ Britton, A.G.La Roya a hit for Mahogany Image (La Toya Jackson) (Holiday Fragrance supplement) Women's Wear Daily September 13, 1985
11.^ Jump up to: a b "'16th World Popular Song Festival'". Users.telenet.be. Retrieved 2010-06-24.
12.Jump up ^ Jackson, Katherine. Everything you always wanted to know about Michael, Janet and LaToya: mother of Jackson family tells all - excerpt from Katherine Jackson's 'My Family, The Jacksons' Ebony, October, 1990
13.Jump up ^ 'La Toya off on her own', Chicago Sun-Times May 2, 1988
14.Jump up ^ Jackson, La Toya; Patricia Romanowski (1991). La Toya: Growing Up in the Jackson Family. Dutton Publishing. pp. 205–206. ISBN 0-451-17415-1.
15.Jump up ^ Jackson, La Toya; Patricia Romanowski (1991). La Toya: Growing Up in the Jackson Family. Dutton Publishing. p. 207. ISBN 0-451-17415-1.
16.^ Jump up to: a b c d Randolph, Laura B. 'LaToya Jackson on: fame, family and her future in Paris', July, 1992
17.Jump up ^ "Cherry Pop Records". Cherryred.co.uk. Retrieved 2010-06-24.
18.^ Jump up to: a b c "'La Toya Jackson files gender-based violence suit against husband.', Jet Magazine, July 15, 1996.
19.^ Jump up to: a b c d "CNN.com - Transcripts". Transcripts.cnn.com. 2003-03-04. Retrieved 2010-06-24.
20.^ Jump up to: a b c d e f "LaToya Jackson Defends Michael". ABC News. January 20, 2005.
21.Jump up ^ "Lexington Herald-Leader (KY) - September 5, 1989". Nl.newsbank.com. 1989-09-05. Retrieved 2010-06-24.
22.^ Jump up to: a b Lloyd, Jimmy. 'La Toya's forced wedding hell', The Sun, 06 Jan 2009.
23.Jump up ^ 'Wedding Bells were a hoax, La Toya Says', Deseret News, Friday, Sept. 8, 1989.[dead link]
24.Jump up ^ Lloyd, Jimmy. 'Shaken ... La Toya opens up about suffering domestic abuse' The Sun, 04 Jan 2009.
25.Jump up ^ 'LaToya Jackson Beaten in Rome' Los Angeles Times, June 15, 1990.
26.Jump up ^ Jackson, La Toya; Patricia Romanowski (1991). La Toya: Growing Up in the Jackson Family. New American Library. p. 261. ISBN 0-451-17415-1.
27.Jump up ^ Lavin, Cheryl. 'Brawl in the family La Toya Jackson's book heats up the tug of war between her family and her manager', Chicago Tribune Aug 11, 1991.
28.Jump up ^ Norment, Lynn. 'Grown-up Janet Jackson talks about racism, sensuality and the Jackson family' Ebony, Sept 1993.[dead link]
29.^ Jump up to: a b Cohen, Roger. 'Paris Journal; Today's Lament: Where's Yesteryear's Gay Paree?' The New York Times, January 29, 1993.
30.Jump up ^ 'Currents' The Beaver County Times Feb 7, 1993
31.Jump up ^ ""Janet Jackson"". E! True Hollywood Story. Season 8. Episode 3. Oct 19, 2003. E!.
32.Jump up ^ 'Latoya Jackson's Marriage Becomes a Danger Zone' People Magazine, May 03, 1993 Vol. 39 No. 17.
33.Jump up ^ Dominguez, Robert. 'More La Toya Stories The Grande Dame of Dysfunction will reveal 'Family Secrets' on new new 900-Line' New York Daily News Wednesday, January 10th, 1996, 1:95AM.
34.^ Jump up to: a b 'La Toya Jacksons Ex Threatened To Kill Michael and Janet', femalefirst.co.uk, 25-01-2005.
35.Jump up ^ 'Self-defense claim' Chicago Tribune, April 23, 1993.
36.Jump up ^ Weinraub, Robert. 'The Jackson Family Reunited, Sort Of', The New York Times, February 21, 1994.
37.Jump up ^ 'La Toya: Charges Are True; Family Says Jackson Never Molested Kids' The Washington Post, December 9, 1993.
38.Jump up ^ 'Jacksons refute LaToya's charge Michael kept boys with him at family home.' Jet Magazine, December 27, 1993 "...charges against him have come from sister LaToya, who several weeks ago, ironically, defended him on national television. "
39.Jump up ^ Taraborrelli, J. Randy (2004). The Magic and the Madness. Terra Alta, WV: Headline. ISBN 0-330-42005-4. p. 534-540.
40.Jump up ^ ""S8E1"". "The Frank Skinner Show". Season 8. Episode 1. 14 October 2004. BBC One.“” (2007-08-12). "YouTube - La Toya Jackson on Frank Skinner". Au.youtube.com. Retrieved 2010-06-24.
41.^ Jump up to: a b Pratt, Paul E. 'La Toya Jackson Learns Life’s Lessons' at the Wayback Machine (archived March 30, 2007), gaywired.com, 06.13.05.
42.Jump up ^ Benza, A.J. & Lewittes, Michael. 'La Toya's Franc Admission', New York Daily News, Thursday, July 20th, 1995, 1:14AM.
43.Jump up ^ Jensen!. 14 May 2008. RTL 5.
44.Jump up ^ "La Toya on escaping Jack Gordon". YouTube. Retrieved 2010-06-24.
45.^ Jump up to: a b Montgomery, James. 'LaToya Jackson Tries New Career As 'Toy,' Says 'Michael Knows My Heart' ' MTV, Sep 1 2004 8:35 PM EDT
46.^ Jump up to: a b Louise Gannon 'Michael was too good for this world' News of the World 20/06/2010
47.^ Jump up to: a b c "VH1 La Toya Jackson biography". VH1. Viacom. Archived from the original on 2008-03-10. Retrieved 2010-03-25.
48.Jump up ^ NORM : A dual celebration for Guy Laliberte, Las Vegas Review-Journal, June 28, 2006
49.Jump up ^ eurweb.com, September 15, 2006
50.Jump up ^ 'La Toya's still haunted by her violent ex-husband' National Enquirer, 2005
51.^ Jump up to: a b Graham, Caroline. 'La Toya Jackson: Michael was murdered... I felt it from the start', Daily Mail, 13th July 2009
52.Jump up ^ Singh, Anita. 'Celebrity Big Brother begins', The Daily Telegraph, 8:20PM GMT 02 Jan 2009
53.Jump up ^ 'Jackson's diva demands on Big Brother', The Times of India, January 2009, 03:28pm IST
54.Jump up ^ "Bungalo Records". Bungalo Records. Retrieved 2010-06-24.
55.Jump up ^ 'LaToya song re-released as Jackson tribute', Associated Press, July 17, 2009.
56.Jump up ^ 'Coroner rules Jackson’s death a homicide', MSNBC, Mon., Aug 24, 2009.
57.Jump up ^ Stone, Susan. La Toya Jackson Poses for Alessandro Cream Ad ,Women's Wear Daily ,March 31, 2010
58.Jump up ^ Odell, Amy. La Toya Jackson Now Fronts a $227 Hand Cream With Diamond Dust, New York Magazine, 3/31/10
59.Jump up ^ "Music". JaTail. Retrieved 2010-06-24.
60.Jump up ^ "Press Release - La Toya Jackson to Guest Judge on "RuPaul's Drag Race"". 24-7pressrelease.com. Retrieved 2013-04-07.
61.Jump up ^ Find Out What S&S Authors Are Doing Right Now. "La Toya Jackson | Official Publisher Page". Authors.simonandschuster.com. Retrieved 2011-10-09.
62.Jump up ^ "La Toya Jackson Starting Over Promo". YouTube. 2011-06-21. Retrieved 2011-10-09.
63.Jump up ^ Levine, Stuart (Aug 1, 2012). "OWN orders La Toya Jackson reality series". Variety. Retrieved 4 August 2012.
64.Jump up ^ Adam Hetrick (2013-08-23). "La Toya Jackson Will Join Off-Broadway's NEWSical The Musical". Playbill. Retrieved 2014-06-27.
65.Jump up ^ "LaToya Jackson marries Jeffre Phillips in Los Angeles". upi.com. United Press International, Inc. December 9, 2013. Retrieved 24 March 2014.
66.Jump up ^ "Latoya calls BS, I am Not Married". tmz.com. EHM Productions, Inc. Retrieved 24 March 2014.
67.Jump up ^ Hoffman, Michael (2014-06-21). "‘Life With La Toya’ Episode Guide (June 21): Jeffré Pops the Question". TVImpulse.com. Retrieved 2014-06-29.
68.Jump up ^ "Joe Jackson Gives La Toya Jackson's Fiancé His Marriage Blessing (VIDEO)". Huffingtonpost.com. Retrieved 2014-06-29.
69.Jump up ^ "Dancing in Jaffa – IFC Entertainment". Ifcfilms.com. Retrieved 2014-06-29.
70.Jump up ^ "Dancing in Jaffa (2013) - Full Cast & Crew". IMDb. 2009-05-01. Retrieved 2014-06-29.
71.Jump up ^ Emrick, Matt (1 December 2007). "Church of La Toya Exclusive: Tommy Martin Speaks to Church of La Toya". Church of La Toya. Archived from the original on Oct 26, 2010. Retrieved 8 July 2012.
72.Jump up ^ "La Toya Jackson (Polydor)". Evening Independent. pp. 10–B. Retrieved 22 December 2011.
73.Jump up ^ "Bad Girl - La Toya Jackson". Retrieved 2012-07-08.
74.Jump up ^ AskMen Editors. "Interview: LaToya Jackson". AskMen. AskMen. Retrieved 14 October 2012.
75.Jump up ^ Jules-Rosette, Bennetta (2007). "8". Josephine Baker in Art and Life: The Icon and the Image (1 ed.). University of Illinois Press. p. 259. ISBN 0252074122.
76.Jump up ^ Jackson, La Toya (13 Apr 2012). "Twitter / @latoyajackson". Twitter. Retrieved 16 April 2012.
77.Jump up ^ "LaToya Jackson Grammy Certificate, 1985". Liveauctioneers.com. 2007-05-30. Retrieved 2010-06-24.
78.Jump up ^ US Congressional Tribute to La Toya Jackson "La Toya Jackson participated in a 'Beat It' rally and the Stay in School Campaign, and this letter recognizes her contribution of time and leadership. Louis Stokes, Congressman for the 21st District, signed this tribute letter, written on US Congress letterhead."
79.Jump up ^ "La Toya Jackson Serves Milkshakes on Halloween To Raise Funds for Aids Project LA" November 01, 2009
External links[edit]
 Wikimedia Commons has media related to La Toya Jackson.
Official site
Official Facebook Page
La Toya Jackson at the Internet Movie Database
Church of La Toya—officially endorsed fan site


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Janet Jackson

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For her self-titled album, see Janet Jackson (album).


 It has been suggested that Artistry of Janet Jackson be merged into this article. (Discuss) Proposed since March 2015.

Janet Jackson
Janet Jackson Number Ones Tour 2011.jpeg
Jackson performing on Number Ones, Up Close and Personal, 2011

Born
Janet Damita Jo Jackson
 May 16, 1966 (age 49)
Gary, Indiana, U.S.
Occupation
Singer ·
 songwriter ·
 dancer ·
 actress ·
 record producer ·
 film producer ·
 businesswoman ·
 philanthropist ·
 author
 
Years active
1973–present
Spouse(s)
James DeBarge (m. 1984–85)
René Elizondo, Jr. (m. 1991–2000)
Wissam Al Mana (m. 2012)

Musical career
Genres
Pop ·
 R&B ·
 dance
 
Instruments
Vocals ·
 keyboards
 
Labels
A&M ·
 Virgin ·
 Island ·
 Rhythm Nation
 
Website
janetjackson.com
Janet Damita Jo Jackson (born May 16, 1966) is an American singer, songwriter, and actress. Known for a series of sonically innovative, socially conscious and sexually provocative records, as well as elaborate stage shows, television roles, and film roles, she has been a prominent figure in popular culture for over 25 years. The youngest child of the Jackson family, she began her career with the variety television series The Jacksons in 1976 and went on to appear in other television shows throughout the 1970s and early 1980s, including Good Times and Fame.
After signing a recording contract with A&M in 1982, she became a pop icon following the release of her third studio album Control (1986). Her collaborations with record producers Jimmy Jam and Terry Lewis incorporated elements of rhythm and blues, funk, disco, rap, and industrial beats, which led to crossover success in popular music. In addition to receiving recognition for the innovation in her records, choreography, music videos, and prominence on radio airplay and MTV, she was acknowledged as a role model for her socially conscious lyrics.
In 1991, she signed the first of two record-breaking, multi-million dollar contracts with Virgin Records, establishing her as one of the highest paid artists in the industry. Her debut album under the label, Janet (1993), saw her develop a public image as a sex symbol as she began to explore sexuality in her work. That same year, she appeared in her first starring film role in Poetic Justice; since then she has continued to act in feature films. By the end of the 1990s, she was named the second most successful recording artist of the decade. She has amassed an extensive catalog of hits, with singles such as "Nasty", "Rhythm Nation", "If", "That's the Way Love Goes", "Together Again" and "All for You" among her most iconic.
Having sold over 160 million records, she is ranked as one of the best-selling artists in the history of contemporary music.[1] The Recording Industry Association of America (RIAA) lists her as the eleventh best-selling female artist in the United States, with 26 million certified albums.[2] She holds the record for the most consecutive top 10 hits on the Billboard Hot 100 by a female artist with 18.[3] In 2008, Billboard magazine released its list of the Hot 100 All-Time Top Artists, placing her at number seven, while in 2010, ranking her fifth among the "Top 50 R&B/Hip-Hop Artists of the Past 25 Years". One of the world's most awarded artists, her longevity, records and achievements reflect her influence in shaping and redefining the scope of popular music. She has been cited as an inspiration among numerous performers.


Contents  [hide]
1 Life and career 1.1 1966–85: Early life and career beginnings
1.2 1986–88: Control
1.3 1989–92: Janet Jackson's Rhythm Nation 1814
1.4 1993–96: Janet, Poetic Justice, and Design of a Decade
1.5 1997–99: The Velvet Rope
1.6 2000–03: Nutty Professor II: The Klumps and All for You
1.7 2004–05: Super Bowl XXXVIII controversy and Damita Jo
1.8 2006–07: 20 Y.O. and Why Did I Get Married?
1.9 2008–09: Discipline and Number Ones
1.10 2010–present: Film projects, True You, concert tour, and philanthropy
2 Artistry 2.1 Music and voice
2.2 Videos and stage
2.3 Influences
3 Legacy
4 Discography
5 Filmography
6 Tours
7 Books
8 See also
9 References 9.1 Footnotes
9.2 Sources
10 Further reading
11 External links

Life and career[edit]
1966–85: Early life and career beginnings[edit]



 Jackson (bottom row) in a 1976 CBS photo on the set of The Jacksons
Janet Jackson was born in Gary, Indiana, the youngest of ten children, to Katherine Esther (née Scruse) and Joseph Walter Jackson.[4] The Jacksons were lower-middle class and devout Jehovah's Witnesses, although Jackson would later refrain from organized religion.[5] At a young age, her brothers began performing as The Jackson 5. In March 1969, the group signed a record deal with Motown, and soon had their first number-one hit. The family then moved to the Encino neighborhood of Los Angeles.[4] Jackson had initially desired to become a horse racing jockey or entertainment lawyer, with plans to support herself through acting. Despite this, she was anticipated to pursue a career in entertainment, and considered the idea after recording herself in the studio.[4] At age seven, Jackson performed at the Las Vegas Strip at the MGM Casino.[4] A biography revealed her father, Joseph Jackson, was emotionally withdrawn, and told her to address him solely by his first name as a child.[4] She began acting in the variety show The Jacksons in 1976.[4] In 1977, she was selected to have a starring role as Penny Gordon Woods in the sitcom Good Times.[4] She later starred in A New Kind of Family before joining the cast of Diff'rent Strokes, portraying Charlene Duprey for two years.[4] Jackson also played the recurring role of Cleo Hewitt during the fourth season of Fame, but expressed indifference towards the series.[6][7] Jackson states her ethnicity is African American and Native American.[8]
When Jackson was sixteen, she was arranged a contract with A&M Records.[4] Her debut album, Janet Jackson, was released in 1982. It was produced by Angela Winbush, René Moore and Leon F. Sylvers III, and overseen by her father Joseph.[4] It peaked at number sixty-three on Billboard, and number six on the publication's R&B albums chart, receiving little promotion.[9] Jackson's second album, Dream Street, was released two years later.[4] Dream Street reached one-hundred forty-seven on the Billboard 200, and number nineteen on the R&B albums chart.[9] The lead single "Don't Stand Another Chance" peaked at number nine on Billboard‍ '​s R&B singles chart.[10] Both albums consisted primarily of bubblegum pop music.[11] Jackson eloped with singer James DeBarge in 1984, divorcing shortly afterwards, with the marriage annulled the following year.[12]
1986–88: Control[edit]




"Nasty" (1986)







"Nasty" was written as a response to an incident of sexual harassment Jackson faced during the recording of Control. The song features a triplet swing beat.

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After her second album, Jackson terminated business affairs with her family, commenting "I just wanted to get out of the house, get out from under my father, which was one of the most difficult things that I had to do."[7] Attempting a third album, Jackson teamed with producers Jimmy Jam and Terry Lewis. They set out to achieve crossover pop appeal, while also creating a strong foundation within the urban market.[13] Within six weeks, Jackson and the duo crafted her third studio album, Control, released in February 1986.[14] The album peaked at number one on Billboard, and was certified fivefold platinum by the RIAA, selling over fourteen million copies worldwide.[9][15]
Control was declared "remarkably nervy and mature" for a teenage act, also considered "an alternative to the sentimental balladry" which permeated radio, likening Jackson to Donna Summer's position of "unwilling to accept novelty status and taking her own steps to rise above it."[16][17][18] The album spawned five top five singles, "What Have You Done for Me Lately", "Nasty", "When I Think of You", "Control", and "Let's Wait Awhile", and a top fifteen hit with "The Pleasure Principle". "When I Think of You" became her first number one hit on the Hot 100. Control received six Billboard Awards, including "Top Pop Singles Artist", and three Grammy nominations, most notably "Album of the Year".[19] It also won four American Music Awards from twelve nominations, an unbroken record.[20][21][22] At this point, Jackson was successfully "shaking off the experience of being a shadow Jackson child", becoming "an artist in her own right".[23]
The album's lyrical content included several themes of empowerment, inspired by an incident of sexual harassment, with Jackson recalling "the danger hit home when a couple of guys started stalking me on the street ... Instead of running to Jimmy or Terry for protection, I took a stand. I backed them down. That's how songs like 'Nasty' and 'What Have You Done for Me Lately' were born, out of a sense of self-defense."[24] Its innovative fusion of dance pop and industrial music with hip-hop and R&B undertones influenced the development of the new jack swing genre by bridging the gap between the latter two styles.[25] The album's music videos became infamous on MTV, also obtaining a then-unknown Paula Adbul a recording contract for her choreography work with Jackson.[26] Billboard stated "[Jackson's] accessible sound and spectacularly choreographed videos were irresistible to MTV, and helped the channel evolve from rock programming to a broader, beat-driven musical mix."[14]
1989–92: Janet Jackson's Rhythm Nation 1814[edit]




"Rhythm Nation" (1989)







"Rhythm Nation" incorporates elements of dance pop and industrial music with the full range of new jack swing genre.

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Jackson released her fourth album, Rhythm Nation 1814, in September 1989. Although her record label desired a direct sequel to Control, Jackson chose to include a socially conscious theme among various musical styles.[27] She stated, "I know an album or a song can't change the world. I just want my music and my dance to catch the audience's attention, and to hold it long enough for them to listen to the lyrics."[28] The album's central theme of unity was developed in response to various crimes and tragedies reported in the media.[29]
Peaking at number one on the Billboard 200, the album was certified sixfold platinum by the RIAA and sold over fourteen million copies internationally.[9][15] Rolling Stone observed Jackson's artistic growth shifted from "personal freedom to more universal concerns—injustice, illiteracy, crime, drugs—without missing a beat."[30] The album was also considered "the exclamation point on her career", consisting of a "diverse collection of songs flowing with the natural talent Jackson possesses", which effectively "expanded Janet's range in every conceivable direction", being "more credibly feminine, more crucially masculine, more viably adult, more believably childlike."[31] With singles "Miss You Much", "Rhythm Nation", "Escapade", "Alright", "Come Back to Me", "Black Cat" and "Love Will Never Do (Without You)", it became the only album in history to produce number one hits in three separate calendar years, as well as the only album to achieve seven top five singles on the Hot 100.[32] Famous for its choreography and warehouse setting, the "Rhythm Nation" video is considered one of the most iconic and popular in history, with Jackson's military ensemble also making her a fashion icon.[33] The video for Love Will Never Do (Without You) is notable for being the first instance of Jackson's transition into sexual imagery and midriff-baring style, becoming her trademark. Rhythm Nation 1814 became the highest selling album of 1990, winning a record fifteen Billboard Awards.[34][35][36] The long-form "Rhythm Nation" music video won a Grammy Award.[37]
Jackson's Rhythm Nation 1814 World Tour became the most successful debut tour in history and set a record for the fastest sell-out of Japan's Tokyo Dome.[38] She established the "Rhythm Nation Scholarship," donating funds from the tour to various educational programs.[39][40] Jackson became increasingly acknowledged for her cultural impact, called "a fixture on MTV and a major role model to teenage girls across the country", as well as a social leader, praised for the album's message "having positive effects" among youth.[41][42] The massive success experienced by Jackson placed her in league with Michael Jackson, Madonna, and Tina Turner for her achievements and influence.[43] A publication reported, "No individual or group has impacted the world of entertainment as have Michael and Janet Jackson," saying despite many imitators, few could surpass Jackson's "stunning style and dexterity."[44] In 1992, Jackson provided guest vocals on Luther Vandross's "The Best Things in Life Are Free", becoming a top ten Billboard hit and reaching the top ten internationally.[45]
1993–96: Janet, Poetic Justice, and Design of a Decade[edit]



 Janet Jackson featured on an iconic cover of Rolling Stone with the hands of her then-unknown husband René Elizondo, Jr. cupping her breasts.
Jackson fulfilled her contract with A&M Records, signing a multi-million dollar contract with Virgin Records estimated between thirty-two to fifty million dollars, making her the highest paid recording artist at the time.[44][46] The recording contract also established her reputation as the "Queen of Pop."[47] Jackson's fifth studio album Janet, stylized as janet. and read "Janet, period", was released in May 1993. The record opened at number one on the Billboard 200, making Jackson the first female artist in the Nielsen SoundScan era to do so.[9][48] Certified sixfold platinum by the RIAA, it sold over 20 million copies worldwide.[15][49] Janet spawned five singles and four promotional singles, receiving various certifications worldwide. Lead single "That's the Way Love Goes" won the Grammy Award for Best R&B Song and topped the Billboard Hot 100 for eight consecutive weeks.[50] "Again" reached number one for three weeks, while "If" and "Any Time, Any Place" peaked in the top four. "Because of Love" and "You Want This" charted within the top ten.
The album experimented with a diverse number of genres, including deep house, swing jazz, hip hop, rock, and contemporary R&B blended with pop, with Billboard describing each as being "delivered with consummate skill and passion."[51] Jackson took a larger role in songwriting and production than she did on her previous albums, explaining she found it necessary "to write all the lyrics and half of the melodies" while also speaking candidly about incorporating her sexuality into the album's content.[24] Rolling Stone wrote "[a]s princess of America's black royal family, everything Janet Jackson does is important. Whether proclaiming herself in charge of her life, as she did on Control (1986), or commander in chief of a rhythm army dancing to fight society's problems (Rhythm Nation 1814, from 1989), she's influential. And when she announces her sexual maturity, as she does on her new album, Janet., it's a cultural moment."[52]
In July 1993, Jackson made her film debut in Poetic Justice. While the film was critically panned, her performance was described as "beguiling" and "believably eccentric."[53][54] Jackson's ballad "Again", which was written for the film, received Golden Globe and Academy Award nominations for "Best Original Song."[55][56] In September 1993, Jackson appeared topless on the cover of Rolling Stone, with her breasts covered by former husband René Elizondo, Jr. The photograph is the original version of the cropped image used on the Janet album cover, shot by Patrick Demarchelier.[57] The Vancouver Sun reported, "Jackson, 27, remains clearly established as both role model and sex symbol; the Rolling Stone photo of Jackson ... became one of the most recognizable, and most lampooned, magazine covers."[58] The Janet World Tour launched in support of the studio album garnered criticism for Jackson's lack of vocal proficiency and spontaneity, but earned critical acclaim for her showmanship. It was described as erasing the line between "stadium-size pop music concerts and full-scale theatrical extravaganzas."[59]
During this time, her brother Michael was immersed in a child sex abuse scandal, of which he denied any wrongdoing.[60] She provided moral support, defending her brother, and denied abuse allegations regarding her parents made by her sister La Toya.[61] She collaborated with Michael Jackson on "Scream", the lead single from his album HIStory, released 1995. The song was written by both siblings as a response to media scrutiny.[62] It debuted at number five on the Hot 100 singles chart, becoming the first song ever to debut within the top five. "Scream" is listed in Guinness World Records as the "Most Expensive Music Video Ever Made", costing $7 million. The clip won the 1995 Grammy Award for Best Short Form Music Video.[37]
Jackson's first compilation album, Design of a Decade 1986/1996, was released in 1995. It peaked at number three on the Billboard 200.[9] The lead single, "Runaway", became the first song by a female artist to debut within the top ten of the Hot 100, reaching number three.[63][64] Design of a Decade 1986/1996 was certified double platinum by the RIAA and sold ten million copies worldwide.[15] Jackson's influence in pop music continued to garner acclaim, as The Boston Globe remarked "If you're talking about the female power elite in pop, you can't get much higher than Janet Jackson, Bonnie Raitt, Madonna and Yoko Ono. Their collective influence ... is beyond measure. And who could dispute that Janet Jackson now has more credibility than brother Michael?"[65] Jackson renewed her contract with Virgin Records for a reported $80 million the following year.[66] The contract established her as the then-highest paid recording artist in history, surpassing the recording industry's then-unparalleled $60 million contracts earned by Michael Jackson and Madonna.[67][68][69]
1997–99: The Velvet Rope[edit]
Jackson began suffering from severe depression and anxiety, leading her to chronicle the experience in her sixth album, The Velvet Rope, released October 1997. Jackson returned with a dramatic change in image, boasting vibrant red hair, nasal piercings, and tattoos.[70] The album is primarily centered on the idea that everyone has an intrinsic need to belong. Aside from encompassing lyrics relating to social issues such as same-sex relationships, homophobia and domestic violence, it also contains themes of sadomasochism and is considered far more sexually explicit in nature than her previous release, Janet.[7] The record was hailed as "her most daring, elaborate and accomplished album" by The New York Times, while Billboard ranked it as "the best American album of the year and the most empowering of her last five."[71][72] The album debuted at number one on the Billboard 200 and was certified triple platinum, selling over ten million worldwide.[15]
Lead single "Got 'til It's Gone" was released in August 1997, featuring guest vocals from folk singer Joni Mitchell and rapper Q-Tip. The song's music video, depicting a pre-Apartheid celebration, won the Grammy Award for Best Short Form Music Video.[37] "Together Again" became Jackson's eighth number-one hit on the Billboard Hot 100, placing her on par with Elton John, Diana Ross, and The Rolling Stones.[50] It spent a record forty-six weeks on the Hot 100 and nineteen weeks on the United Kingdom's singles chart.[50] It sold six million copies worldwide, becoming one of the best-selling singles of all time. "I Get Lonely" peaked at number three on the Hot 100, and received a Grammy nomination for Best Female R&B Vocal Performance.[73] As Jackson's eighteenth consecutive top ten hit, it made her the only female artist to garner that achievement, surpassed only by Elvis Presley and The Beatles.[74] Several other singles were released, including "Go Deep" and ballad "Every Time", which was controversial for the nudity displayed in its music video.[75]
The album fully established Jackson as a gay icon for its themes regarding homosexuality and protesting homophobia. "Together Again", a "post-Aids pop song", and "Free Xone", considered "a paean to homosexuality" and an "anti-homophobia track", were praised for their lyrical context, in addition to Jackson's lesbian reinterpretation of Rod Stewart's "Tonight's the Night".[76][77] The Velvet Rope received an award for "Outstanding Music Album" at the 9th Annual GLAAD Media Awards and was honored by the National Black Lesbian and Gay Leadership Forum.[78] A portion of the proceeds from "Together Again" were donated to the American Foundation for AIDS Research.[50]
Jackson embarked on The Velvet Rope World Tour, traveling to Europe, North America, Asia, Africa, New Zealand, and Australia. The tour received praise for its theatrics, choreography, and Jackson's vocal performance.[79] It was likened to "the ambition and glamour of a Broadway musical", and exclaimed as "only fitting that the concert program credits her as the show's 'creator and director'."[79] The tour's HBO special, The Velvet Rope: Live in Madison Square Garden, garnered more than fifteen million viewers. It surpassed the ratings of all four major networks among viewers subscribed to the channel.[80] The concert won an Emmy Award from a total of four nominations.[81] Jackson donated a portion of the tour's sales to America's Promise, an organization founded by Colin Powell to assist disenfranchised youth.[82]
As the tour concluded, Jackson lent guest vocals to several collaborations, including Shaggy's "Luv Me, Luv Me", used for the film How Stella Got Her Groove Back, as well as "Girlfriend/Boyfriend" with Teddy Riley's group Blackstreet, and "What's It Gonna Be?!" with Busta Rhymes. The latter two music videos are both among the most expensive music videos ever produced, with "What's It Gonna Be?!" becoming a number-one hit on the Billboard Hip-Hop Singles and Hot Rap Tracks charts, reaching the top three of the Hot 100. Jackson also contributed the ballad "God's Stepchild" to the Down in the Delta soundtrack. Jackson recorded a duet with Elton John titled "I Know the Truth," included on the soundtrack to Elton John and Tim Rice's Aida. At the 1999 World Music Awards, Jackson received the Legend Award for "outstanding contribution to the pop industry".[83] Billboard ranked Jackson as the second most successful artist of the decade, behind Mariah Carey.[84]
2000–03: Nutty Professor II: The Klumps and All for You[edit]
In July 2000, Jackson appeared in her second film, Nutty Professor II: The Klumps, as the role of Professor Denise Gaines, opposite Eddie Murphy. Director Peter Segal stated "Janet Jackson was a natural fit, and an obvious choice."[85] The film became her second to open at number one, grossing an estimated total of nearly $170 million worldwide.[86][87] Jackson's single "Doesn't Really Matter", used for the film's soundtrack, became her ninth number-one single on the Hot 100. The same year, Jackson's husband Rene Elizondo Jr. filed for divorce, revealing their private marriage to the public. Entertainment Weekly reported for eight of the thirteen years she and Elizondo had been acquainted, "[they] were married—a fact they managed to hide not only from the international press but from Jackson's own father."[88] Elizondo filed a multi-million dollar lawsuit against her, estimated between $10–25 million, which did not reach a settlement for three years.[88][89]
Preceding the release of her seventh album, MTV honored Jackson with the network's inaugural "MTV Icon" ceremony, honoring her "significant contributions to music, music video and pop culture while tremendously impacting the MTV generation." The event paid tribute to Jackson's career and influence, including commentary from Britney Spears, Jennifer Lopez, Aaliyah, and Jessica Simpson, and performances by 'N Sync, Pink, Destiny's Child, Usher, Buckcherry, and Outkast.[90] The American Music Awards also honored Jackson with the Award of Merit for "her finely crafted, critically acclaimed and socially conscious, multi-platinum albums."[91] Jackson's seventh album, All for You, was released in April 2001. It opened at number one on the Billboard 200 with 605,000 copies sold, the highest first-week sales of her career, and among the highest first-week sales by a female artist in history.[9][92] The album was a return to an upbeat dance style, receiving generally positive reception. Jackson received praise for indulging in "textures as dizzying as a new infatuation", in contrast to other artists attempting to "match the angularity of hip-hop" and following trends.[93] All for You was certified double platinum by the RIAA and sold nine million copies worldwide.[15][94]




"All for You" (2001)







Jackson's "All for You" peaked atop the Billboard Hot 100 for seven weeks.

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The album's lead single, "All for You", debuted on the Hot 100 at number fourteen, setting a record for the highest debut by a single that was not commercially available.[95] Jackson was titled "Queen of Radio" by MTV as the single made airplay history, being "added to every pop, rhythmic and urban radio station" within its first week.[95] The song broke the overall airplay debut record with a first week audience of seventy million, debuting at number nine on the Radio Songs chart.[96] It topped the Hot 100 for seven weeks, also reaching the top ten in eleven countries.[97] The song received a Grammy Award for Best Dance Recording.[37] "Someone to Call My Lover" peaked at number three on the Hot 100.[98] Built around a sample of the iconic 1972 hit "You're So Vain" by Carly Simon, "Son of a Gun (I Betcha Think This Song Is About You)" featured Simon herself, along with Missy Elliott on remixes of the single.
In July 2001, Jackson embarked on the All for You Tour, which was also broadcast on a concert special for HBO watched by twelve million viewers.[99] The tour traveled throughout the United States and Japan, although European and Asian dates were required to be canceled following the September 11 terrorist attacks. The Los Angeles Times complimented Jackson's showmanship.[100] Richard Harrington of the Washington Post said Jackson's performance surpassed her contemporaries,[101] but Bob Massy of Spin thought her dancers "threw crisper moves" and her supporting singers were mixed nearly as high, though declared "Janet cast herself as the real entertainment."[102] Jackson donated a portion of the tour's proceeds to the Boys & Girls Clubs of America.[103]
The following year, Jackson began receiving media attention for her rumored relationships with Justin Timberlake, actor Matthew McConaughey, and record producer Jermaine Dupri.[104][105][106] Upon the release of Timberlake's debut solo album Justified, Jackson provided vocals on "(And She Said) Take Me Now" per Timberlake's request, with the song initially planned as a single. Jackson collaborated with reggae artist Beenie Man for the song "Feel It Boy", produced by The Neptunes.
2004–05: Super Bowl XXXVIII controversy and Damita Jo[edit]
Main article: Super Bowl XXXVIII halftime show controversy
Jackson was chosen by the National Football League and MTV to perform at the Super Bowl XXXVIII halftime show in February 2004. Jackson performed a medley of "All for You", "Rhythm Nation", and an excerpt of "The Knowledge" before performing "Rock Your Body" alongside surprise guest Justin Timberlake. As Timberlake sang the lyric "I'm gonna have you naked by the end of this song", he tore open her costume, exposing her right breast to 140 million viewers. Jackson issued an apology after the performance, saying the incident was accidental and unintended, explaining that Timberlake was only meant to pull away a bustier and leave the red-lace bra intact.[107] She commented, "I am really sorry if I offended anyone. That was truly not my intention ... MTV, CBS, the NFL had no knowledge of this whatsoever, and unfortunately, the whole thing went wrong in the end."[108] Timberlake also issued an apology, calling the accident a "wardrobe malfunction."[107] The incident became the most recorded and replayed moment in TiVo history, enticing an estimated 35,000 new subscribers.[109][110] Regarded as one of the most controversial television events in history, Jackson was later listed in Guinness World Records as the "Most Searched in Internet History" and the "Most Searched for News Item".[111] CBS, the NFL, and MTV (CBS's sister network, which produced the halftime show), denied any knowledge of, and all responsibility for, the incident. The Federal Communications Commission heavily fined all companies involved, and continued an investigation for eight years, ultimately losing its appeal for a $550,000 fine against CBS.[112]



 Jackson and Timberlake photographed after the Super Bowl XXXVIII halftime show incident.
Following the incident, CBS permitted Timberlake to appear at the 46th Grammy Awards ceremony but did not allow Jackson to attend, forcing her to withdraw after being scheduled as a presenter.[113] The controversy halted plans for Jackson to star in the biographical film of singer and activist Lena Horne, which was to be produced by American Broadcasting Company. Although Horne was reportedly displeased by the incident, Jackson's representatives stated she withdrew from the project willingly.[114] A Mickey Mouse statue wearing Jackson's iconic "Rhythm Nation" outfit was mantled at Walt Disney World theme park the previous year to honor Jackson's legacy, but was removed following Jackson's controversial performance.[115]
Jackson's eighth studio album Damita Jo, titled after Jackson's middle name, was released in March 2004. It debuted at number two on the Billboard 200.[9][116] The album received mixed to positive reviews, praising the sonic innovation of selected songs and Jackson's vocal harmonies, while others criticized its frequent themes of carnality.[117] However, several critics observed many reviews focusing on the Super Bowl incident, rather than critiquing the album itself.[118] It was certified platinum by the RIAA within a month, and sold over three million copies worldwide.[15][119]
The album's performance was largely affected by public backlash and the blacklisting from radio and music channels. Conglomerates involved in the boycott include Viacom and CBS, subsidiaries MTV, Clear Channel Communications, and Infinity Broadcasting, the latter two among the largest radio broadcasters.[120][121] The blacklist was placed into effect preceding the release of Damita Jo and continued throughout the course of Jackson's following two albums. A senior executive for entertainment conglomerate Viacom, which owns MTV, VH1, and many radio formats, commented they were "absolutely bailing on the record. The pressure is so great, they can't align with anything related to Janet. The high-ups are still pissed at her, and this is a punitive measure."[122] Prior to the incident, Damita Jo was expected to outsell prior release All for You.[123] Its three singles received positive reviews, but failed to achieve high chart positions, although each were predicted to perform extremely well under different circumstances.[124] Billboard reported that Damita Jo "was largely overshadowed by the Super Bowl fiasco," saying "[t]he three singles it spawned were blacklisted by pop radio—they were also the album's biggest highlights—the electronic guitar studded "Just a Little While", Motown-influenced "I Want You" and the funky, heavily dance orientated "All Nite (Don't Stop)".[125] "I Want You" was certified platinum and received a Grammy nomination.[126]
For the album's promotion, Jackson appeared as a host on Saturday Night Live, performing two songs, and was also a guest star on sitcom Will & Grace, portraying herself.[127] Jackson received several career accolades upon the album's release, including the "Legend Award" at the Radio Music Awards, "Inspiration Award" from the Japan Video Music Awards, "Lifetime Achievement Award" at the Soul Train Music Awards, and a Teen Choice Awards nomination for "Favorite Female." In November 2004, Jackson was honored as a role model by 100 Black Men of America, Inc., presented with the organization's Artistic Achievement Award saluting "a career that has gone from success to greater success'."[128] In response to criticism for honoring Jackson in light of the Super Bowl incident, the organization responded "an individual's worth can't be judged by a single moment in that person's life."[129][130] In June 2005, she was honored with a Humanitarian Award by the Human Rights Campaign and AIDS Project Los Angeles as recognition for her involvement in raising money for AIDS charities.[131]
2006–07: 20 Y.O. and Why Did I Get Married?[edit]



 Jackson with the winners of the "Design Me" contest held for her ninth studio album, 20 Y.O.
Jackson began recording her ninth studio album, 20 Y.O., in 2005. She recorded with producers Dupri, Jam and Lewis for several months during the following year. The album's title was a reference to the two decades since the release of her breakthrough album Control, representing the album's "celebration of the joyful liberation and history-making musical style."[132] To promote the album, Jackson appeared in various magazines, and performed on the Today Show and Billboard Awards. Jackson's Us Weekly cover, revealing her slim figure after heavy media focus was placed on her fluctuations in weight, became the magazine's best-selling issue in history.[133] 20 Y.O. was released in September 2006 and debuted at number two on the Billboard 200.[9] The album received mixed reviews, with multiple critics chastising the production and involvement of Jermaine Dupri.[134] Rolling Stone disagreed with the album's reference to Control, saying "If we were her, we wouldn't make the comparison."[134]
Jackson's airplay and music channel blacklist remained persistent, massively affecting her chart performance and exposure.[120][135] However, lead single "Call on Me", which featured rapper Nelly, peaked at number twenty-five on the Hot 100, number one on the Hot R&B/Hip-Hop Songs chart, and number six in the United Kingdom.[73] The video for the album's second single, "So Excited", was directed by Joseph Kahn and portrayed Jackson's clothes disappearing through a complex dance routine. 20 Y.O. was certified platinum by the RIAA and sold 1.2 million worldwide, also receiving a Grammy nomination for Best Contemporary R&B Album.[15][136][137] After the album's release, Dupri was condemened for his production and misguidance of the album, and subsequently was removed from his position at Virgin Records.[138] Slant Magazine stated, "After promising a return to Janet's dance-pop origins, [Dupri] opted to aim for urban audiences, a colossal mistake that cost Dupri his job and, probably, Janet her deal with Virgin."[139]
Jackson was ranked the seventh richest woman in the entertainment industry by Forbes, having amassed a fortune of over $150 million.[140] In 2007, she starred opposite Tyler Perry as a psychotherapist in the film Why Did I Get Married?. It became her third consecutive film to open at number one at the box office, grossing $60 million in total.[141] Jackson's performance was prasied for its "soft authority", though also described as "charming, yet bland".[142][143] In February 2008, Jackson won an Image Award for "Outstanding Supporting Actress in a Motion Picture" for the role.[144] Jackson was also approached to record the lead single for the film Rush Hour 3.[145]
2008–09: Discipline and Number Ones[edit]



 Jackson performing during the Rock Witchu Tour.
Jackson signed with Island Records after her contract with Virgin was fulfilled. She interrupted plans for touring and began recording with various producers, including Rodney "Darkchild" Jerkins, Tricky Stewart, and Stargate.[146] Her tenth studio album, Discipline, was released in February 2008, opening at number one.[9] Despite radio blacklisting, the album's first single "Feedback" peaked at number nineteen on the Hot 100 and nine on Pop Songs, her highest charting single since "Someone to Call My Lover".[73][147] The second single, "Rock With U", peaked at number four in the United Kingdom. Jackson was awarded the Vanguard Award at the 19th annual GLAAD Media Awards, honoring her contributions in promoting equal rights among the gay community.[78] The organization's president commented, "Ms. Jackson has a tremendous following inside the LGBT community and out, and having her stand with us against the defamation that LGBT people still face in our country is extremely significant."[78]
Jackson's fifth concert tour, the Rock Witchu Tour, began in September 2008.[148] Jackson parted with Island Records through mutual agreement. Billboard disclosed Jackson was dissatisfied with LA Reid's handling of the album and its promotion, saying "the label agreed to dissolve their relationship with the artist at her request."[149][150] Producer Rodney Jerkins expressed "I felt like it wasn't pushed correctly.... She just didn't get her just-do as an artist of that magnitude."[151]
In June 2009, Jackson's brother Michael died at age fifty. She spoke publicly concerning his death at the 2009 BET Awards, stating "I'd just like to say, to you, Michael is an icon, to us, Michael is family. And he will forever live in all of our hearts. On behalf of my family and myself, thank you for all of your love, thank you for all of your support. We miss him so much."[152] In an interview, she revealed she had first learned of his death while filming Why Did I Get Married Too?. Amidst mourning with her family, she focused on work to deal with the grief, avoiding any news coverage of her sibling's death. She commented, "it's still important to face reality, and not that I'm running, but sometimes you just need to get away for a second."[153] During this time, she ended her seven-year relationship with Jermaine Dupri.[153] Several months later, Jackson performed a tribute to Michael at the 2009 MTV Video Music Awards, performing their duet "Scream".[154] MTV stated "there was no one better than Janet to anchor it and send a really powerful message."[155] The performance was lauded by critics, with Entertainment Weekly affirming the rendition "as energetic as it was heartfelt".[156]
Jackson's second hits compilation, Number Ones, was released in November 2009. For promotion, she performed a medley of hits at the American Music Awards, Capital FM's Jingle Bell Ball at London's O2 arena, and The X-Factor.[157][158] The album's promotional single "Make Me", produced with Rodney "Darkchild" Jerkins, debuted in September.[159] It became Jackson's nineteenth number one on the Hot Dance Club Songs chart, making her the first artist to have number-one singles in four separate decades.[160] Later that month, Jackson chaired the inaugural benefit of amfAR, The Foundation for AIDS Research, held in Milan in conjunction with fashion week. The foundation's CEO stated "We are profoundly grateful to Janet Jackson for joining amfAR as a chair of its first event in Milan.... She brings incomparable grace and a history of dedication to the fight against AIDS."[161] The event raised a total of $1.1 million for the nonprofit organization.
2010–present: Film projects, True You, concert tour, and philanthropy[edit]
In April 2010, Jackson reprised her role in the sequel to Why Did I Get Married? titled Why Did I Get Married Too?. The film opened at number two, grossing sixty million in total.[162] Jackson's performance was hailed as "invigorating and oddly funny", and praised for her "willingness to be seen at her most disheveled".[163][164] Her performance earned an Image Award for "Outstanding Actress in a Motion Picture".[165] Jackson recorded the film's theme, "Nothing", released as a promotional single.[166] The song was performed on the ninth season finale of American Idol along with "Again" and "Nasty".[167] In July, Jackson modeled for the Blackglama clothing line featuring mink fur.[168] Jackson then helped design a signature line of clothing and accessories for Blackglama, to be sold at Saks Fifth Avenue and Bloomingdales.[169] Universal Music released the hits compilation Icon: Number Ones as the debut of the Icon compilation series.
In November 2010, Jackson starred as Joanna in the drama For Colored Girls, the film adaptation of Ntozake Shange's 1975 play For Colored Girls Who Have Considered Suicide When the Rainbow Is Enuf. The Wall Street Journal stated Jackson "recites verses written by Ntozake Shange, the author of the play that inspired the film ... But instead of offering up a mannered coffeehouse reading of the lines, Jackson makes the words sound like ordinary—though very eloquent—speech."[170] Jackson's portrayal the film was likened to Meryl Streep as Miranda Priestly in The Devil Wears Prada.[171][172] Her performance earned Black Reel Awards nominations in the categories of Outstanding Supporting Actress and Outstanding Ensemble.[173]



 Jackson performing during the Number Ones, Up Close and Personal tour.
Jackson announced plans to embark on her largest world tour in support of her second hits collection, Number Ones.[174] The tour, entitled Number Ones, Up Close and Personal, held concerts in thirty-five global cities, selected by fans who submitted suggestions on her official website.[174][174] During the tour, Jackson performed thirty-five number one hits and dedicated a song to each city.[174] Mattel released a limited-edition Barbie of Jackson titled "Divinely Janet", auctioned for over $15,000, with proceeds donated to Project Angel Food.[175] Jackson released the self-help book True You: A Journey to Finding and Loving Yourself in February 2011, co-written with David Ritz. It chronicled her struggle with weight and confidence, also publishing letters from fans. It topped The New York Times‍ '​ Best Seller list the following month.[176] Additionally, she signed a film production contract with Lions Gate Entertainment to "select, develop and produce a feature film for the independent studio."[177]
Jackson became the first female pop singer to perform at the I. M. Pei glass pyramid at the Louvre Museum, raising contributions for the restoration of iconic artwork.[178][179] Jackson was selected to endorse fashion line Blackglama for a second year, being the first celebrity in the line's history chosen to do so.[180] She partnered with the label to release a fifteen-piece collection of luxury products.[181] In 2012, Jackson endorsed Nutrisystem, sponsoring their weight-loss program after struggling with weight fluctuations in the past.[182] With the program, she donated ten million dollars in meals to the hungry.[182] She was honored by amfAR for her contributions to AIDS research when chairing the Cinema Against AIDS gala during the Cannes Film Festival.[183] She also participated in a public service announcement for UNICEF to help starving children.[184] In February 2013, Jackson announced she was married to her third husband, Qatari billionaire Wissam Al Mana, during a private ceremony the previous year.[185]
On May 15, 2015, Jackson announced plans to release a new album and to embark on a world concert tour.[186][187] She will release her new album in the fall of 2015 through BMG Rights Management and her own record label, Rhythm Nation Records.[188]
Artistry[edit]
Music and voice[edit]
Jackson has a soprano vocal range.[189] Over the course of her career, she has received frequent criticism for the limits of her vocal capabilities, especially in comparison to contemporary artists such as Whitney Houston and Mariah Carey.[190] In comparing her vocal technique to Houston and Aretha Franklin, vocal coach Roger Love states that "[w]hen Janet sings, she allows a tremendous amount of air to come through. She's obviously aiming for a sexy, sultry effect, and on one level that works nicely. But actually, it's fairly limited." He adds that while her voice is suitable for studio recording, it doesn't translate well to stage because despite having "great songs, incredible dancing, and her star like presence, the live show is still magnificent. But the voice is not the star."[191] Biographer David Ritz commented, "on Janet's albums—and in her videos and live performances, which revealed a crisp, athletic dance technique [...] singing wasn't the point," saying emphasis was placed on "her slamming beats, infectious hooks, and impeccable production values."[45] Eric Henderson of Slant magazine claimed critics opposing her small voice "somehow missed the explosive 'gimme a beat' vocal pyrotechnics she unleashes all over 'Nasty' ... Or that they completely dismissed how perfect her tremulous hesitance fits into the abstinence anthem 'Let's Wait Awhile'."[192] Classical composer Louis Andriessen has praised Jackson for her "rubato, sense of rhythm, sensitivity, and the childlike quality of her strangely erotic voice."[193] Several critics also consider her voice to often be enveloped within her music's production. Music critic J. D. Considine noted "on albums, Jackson's sound isn't defined by her voice so much as by the way her voice is framed by the lush, propulsive production of Jimmy Jam and Terry Lewis."[194] Wendy Robinson of PopMatters said "the power of Janet Jackson's voice does not lie in her pipes. She doesn't blow, she whispers ... Jackson's confectionary vocals are masterfully complemented by gentle harmonies and balanced out by pulsing rhythms, so she's never unpleasant to listen to."[195] Matthew Perpetus of Fluxblog suggested Jackson's vocal techniques as a study for indie rock music, considering it to possess "a somewhat subliminal effect on the listener, guiding and emphasizing dynamic shifts without distracting attention from its primal hooks." Perpetus added: "Her voice effortlessly transitions from a rhythmic toughness to soulful emoting to a flirty softness without overselling any aspect of her performance ... a continuum of emotions and attitudes that add up to the impression that we're listening to the expression of a fully-formed human being with contradictions and complexities."[196]




"Black Cat" (1989)







Written solely by Jackson, "Black Cat" was recorded using a mixture of Rockman and Marshall amplifier to give it a heavy metal sound. The song's lyrics convey a stance against substance abuse.

Problems playing this file? See media help.
Jackson's music has encompassed a broad range of genres. Her records from the 1980s have been described as being influenced by Prince, as her producers are ex-members of The Time.[197] Sal Cinquemani wrote that in addition to defining Top 40 radio, she "gave Prince's Minneapolis sound a distinctly feminine—and, with songs like 'What Have You Done for Me Lately?,' 'Nasty,' 'Control,' and 'Let's Wait Awhile,' a distinctly feminist—spin."[198] On Control, Richard J. Ripani documented that she, Jam and Lewis had "crafted a new sound that fuses the rhythmic elements of funk and disco, along with heavy doses of synthesizers, percussion, sound effects, and a rap music sensibility."[25] Author Rickey Vincent stated that she has often been credited for redefining the standard of popular music with the industrial-strength beats of the album.[199] She is considered a trendsetter in pop balladry, with Richard Rischar stating "the black pop ballad of the mid-1980s had been dominated by the vocal and production style that was smooth and polished, led by singers Whitney Houston, Janet Jackson, and James Ingram."[200] Jackson continued her musical development by blending pop and urban music with elements of hip-hop in the nineties. This included a softer representation, articulated by lush, soulful ballads and up-tempo dance beats.[201] She has been described as "an artist who has reshaped the sound and image of rhythm and blues" within the first decade of her career.[202] Critic Karla Peterson remarked that "she is a sharp dancer, an appealing performer, and as 'That's the Way Love Goes' proves—an ace pop-song writer."[203] Selected material from the following decade has been viewed less favorably, as Sal Cinquemani comments "except for maybe R.E.M., no other former superstar act has been as prolific with such diminishing commercial and creative returns."[198]
Jackson has changed her lyrical focus over the years, becoming the subject of analysis in musicology, African American studies, and gender studies.[204][205] David Ritz compared Jackson's musical style to Marvin Gaye's, stating, "like Marvin, autobiography seemed the sole source of her music. Her art, also like Marvin's, floated over a reservoir of secret pain."[206] Much of her success has been attributed to "a series of powerful, metallic grooves; her chirpy, multi-tracked vocals; and a lyrical philosophy built on pride and self-knowledge."[207] Ritz also stated, "The mystery is the low flame that burns around the perimeters of Janet Jackson's soul. The flame feeds off the most highly combustible elements: survival and ambition, caution and creativity, supreme confidence and dark fear."[206] During the 1980s, her lyrics embodied self-actualization, feminist principles, and politically driven ideology.[205][208] Gillian G. Gaar, author of She's a Rebel: The History of Women in Rock & Roll (2002), described Control as "an autobiographical tale about her life with her parents, her first marriage, and breaking free."[13] Encyclopedia of African American Popular Culture (2010) author Jessie Carney Smith wrote "with that album, she asserted her independence, individuality, and personal power. She challenged audiences to see her as a transformed person, from an ingénue to a grow-up, multi-talented celebrity."[209] Referring to Rhythm Nation 1814 as an embodiment of hope, Timothy E. Scheurer, author of Born in the USA: The Myth of America in Popular Music from Colonial Times to the Present (2007) wrote "It may remind some of Sly Stone prior to There's a Riot Going On and other African-American artists of the 1970s in its tacit assumption that the world imagined by Dr. King is still possible, that the American Dream is a dream for all people."[210]
On Janet, Jackson began focusing on sexual themes. Shayne Lee, author of Erotic Revolutionaries: Black Women, Sexuality, and Popular Culture (2010), wrote that her music over the following decade "brand[ed] her as one of the most sexually stimulating vocalists of the 1990s."[211] In You've Come A Long Way, Baby: Women, Politics, and Popular Culture (1996), Lilly J. Goren observed "Jackson's evolution from politically aware musician to sexy diva marked the direction that society and the music industry were encouraging the dance-rock divas to pursue."[208] The Washington Post declared Jackson's public image over the course of her career had shifted "from innocence to experience, inspiring such carnal albums as 1993's 'Janet' and 1997's 'The Velvet Rope', the latter of which explored the bonds—figuratively and literally—of love and lust."[212] The song "Free Xone" from The Velvet Rope, which portrays same-sex relationships in a positive light, is described by sociologist Shayne Lee as "a rare incident in which a popular black vocalist explores romantic or sensual energy outside the contours of heteronormativity, making it a significant song in black sexual politics."[211] During promotion for Janet, she stated "I love feeling deeply sexual—and don't mind letting the world know. For me, sex has become a celebration, a joyful part of the creative process."[24] Upon the release of Damita Jo, Jackon stated "Beginning with the earlier albums, exploring—and liberating—my sexuality has been an ongoing discovery and theme," adding "As an artist, that's not only my passion, it's my obligation."[213] Stephen Thomas Erlewine has found Jackson's consistent inclusion of sex in her music lacking ingenuity, especially in comparisons to other artists such as Prince, stating "while sex indisputably fuels much great pop music, it isn't an inherently fascinating topic for pop music—as with anything, it all depends on the artist."[214]
Videos and stage[edit]
Jackson drew inspiration for her music videos and performances from musicals she watched in her youth, and was heavily influenced by the choreography of Fred Astaire and Michael Kidd, among others.[215] Throughout her career, she has worked with and brought numerous professional choreographers to prominence, such as Tina Landon, Paula Abdul, and Michael Kidd.[216] Veronica Chambers declared, "Her impact on pop music is undeniable and far-reaching," adding, "A quick glance at the Billboard chart reveals any number of artists cast in the Janet Jackson mold." Chambers observed numerous videos which "features not only Ms. Jackson's dancers but choreography and sets remarkably like those she has used."[217] Janine Coveney of Billboard observed that "Jackson's musical declaration of independence [Control] launched a string of hits, an indelible production sound, and an enduring image cemented by groundbreaking video choreography and imagery that pop vocalists still emulate."[132] Ben Hogwood of MusicOMH applauded the "huge influence she has become on younger pretenders to her throne," most notably Britney Spears, Jennifer Lopez and Christina Aguilera.[218] Qadree EI-Amin remarked that many pop artists "pattern their performances after Janet's proven dance-diva persona."[219]



 Jackson (center) performing in the music video for "Rhythm Nation" surrounded by male and female dancers in militant unisex attire.
Beretta E. Smith-Shomade, author of Shaded Lives: African-American Women and Television (2002), wrote that "Jackson's impact on the music video sphere came largely through music sales successes, which afforded her more visual liberties and control. This assuming of control directly impacted the look and content of her music videos, giving Jackson an agency not assumed by many other artists—male or female, Black or White."[220] Parallel Lines: Media Representations of Dance (1993) documents that her videos have often been reminiscent of live concerts or elaborate musical theater.[221] Her music videos have also contributed to a higher degree of sexual freedom among young women, as Jean M. Twenge, author of Generation Me: Why Today's Young Americans are More Confident, Assertive, Entitled—and More Miserable Than Ever Before (2007), wrote "[m]usic videos by female artists have contributed to the trend" of young women enganging in oral sex with Jackson "heavily implying male-on-female oral sex in music videos by pushing down on a man's head until he's in exactly the right position."[222] However, accusations of cosmetic surgery, skin lightening, and increasingly hypersexual imagery have led to her being viewed as conforming to a white, male-dominated view of sexuality, rather than liberating herself or others.[220] Jakcson received the MTV Video Vanguard Award for her contributions to the art form, and became the first recipient of the MTV Icon tribute, celebrating her impact on the music industry as a whole. In 2003, Slant Magazine named "Rhythm Nation" and "Got 'til It's Gone" among the 100 Greatest Music Videos of all time, ranked at number 87 and number 10, respectively.[223][224] In 2011, "Rhythm Nation" was voted the tenth best music video of the 1980s by Billboard.[225]
The Independent writer Nicholas Barber stated "Janet's concerts are the pop equivalent of a summer blockbuster movie, with all the explosions, special effects, ersatz sentimentality, gratuitous cleavage and emphasis on spectacle over coherence that the term implies."[226] Jet magazine reported "Janet's innovative stage performances during her world tours have won her a reputation as a world-class performer."[227] Chris Willman of Los Angeles Times stated the "enthralling" choreography of Jackson's Rhythm Nation 1814 Tour "represents the pinnacle of what can be done in the popping 'n' locking style—a rapid-fire mixture of rigidly jerky and gracefully fluid movements."[228] When Jackson was asked "do you understand it when people talk about [The Velvet Rope Tour] in terms of Broadway?", she responded, "I'm crazy about Broadway ... That's what I grew up on."[79] Her "Number Ones: Up Close and Personal" tour deviated from the full-scale theatrics found in her previous concert arena settings in favor of smaller venues. Critics noted being scaled down did not affect the impact of her showmanship, and in some cases, enhanced it. Greg Kot of the Chicago Tribune wrote, "In past tours, Jackson's thin voice was often swallowed up by the sheer size of her production ... In the more scaled-down setting, Jackson brought a warmth and a passion that wasn't always evident in stadiums ... the best Janet Jackson performance I've covered in 20-plus years."[229]
Thor Christensen of The Dallas Morning News reported Jackson often lip syncs in concert; he wrote: "Janet Jackson—one of pop's most notorious onstage lip-syncers—conceded ... she uses 'some' taped vocals to augment her live vocals. But she refused to say what percentage of her concert 'voice' is taped and how much is live."[230] Michael MacCambridge of the Austin American-Statesman, who reviewed Jackson's Rhythm Nation World Tour, described lip-syncing as a "moot point", stating "Jackson was frequently singing along with her own pre-recorded vocals, to achieve a sound closer to radio versions of singles."[231] MacCambridge also observed "it seemed unlikely that anyone—even a prized member of the First Family of Soul Music—could dance like she did for 90 minutes and still provide the sort of powerful vocals that the '90s super concerts are expected to achieve."[231] Similarly, Chris Willman commented, "even a classically trained vocalist would be hard-pressed to maintain any sort of level of volume—or, more appropriately, 'Control'—while bounding up and down stairs and whipping limbs in unnatural directions at impeccable, breakneck speed."[228] Critics observed that in the smaller scale of her "Number Ones: Up Close and Personal" tour, she forewent lip-syncing.[232] Chris Richards of The Washington Post stated "even at its breathiest, that delicate voice hasn't lost the laserlike precision."[233]
Influences[edit]
Jackson describes Lena Horne as a profound inspiration, for entertainers of several generations as well as herself. Upon Horne's death, she stated "[Horne] brought much joy into everyone's lives—even the younger generations, younger than myself. She was such a great talent. She opened up such doors for artists like myself."[234] Similarly, she considers Dorothy Dandridge to be one of her idols.[235] Jackson has declared herself "a very big Joni Mitchell fan", explaining "As a kid I was drawn to Joni Mitchell records [...] Joni's songs spoke to me in an intimate, personal way."[236][237] She holds reference for Tina Turner, stating "Tina has become a heroic figure for many people, especially women, because of her tremendous strength. Personally, Tina doesn't seem to have a beginning or an end in my life. I felt her music was always there, and I feel like it always will be."[238] She has also named other socially conscious acts, such as Tracy Chapman, Sly and the Family Stone, U2, and Bob Dylan as sources of inspiration.[13][239] In her early career, Jackson credited her brothers Michael and Jermaine as musical influences.[206] According to Rolling Stone, other artists attributed as influences are The Ronettes, Dionne Warwick, Tammi Terrell, and Diana Ross.[240]
Legacy[edit]
See also: List of awards and nominations received by Janet Jackson, Janet Jackson as gay icon and Artists influenced by Janet Jackson
The youngest sister of the "precious Jackson clan",[241] Janet Jackson has striven to distance her professional career from that of her older brother Michael and the rest of the Jackson family. Steve Dollar of Newsday wrote that "[s]he projects that home girl-next-door quality that belies her place as the youngest sibling in a family whose inner and outer lives have been as poked at, gossiped about, docudramatized and hard-copied as the Kennedys."[242] Phillip McCarthy of The Sydney Morning Herald noted that throughout her recording career, one of her common conditions for interviewers has been that there would be no mention of Michael.[243] Joshua Klein wrote, "[f]or the first half of her recording career, Janet Jackson sounded like an artist with something to prove. Emerging in 1982 just as big brother Michael was casting his longest shadow, Jackson filled her albums not so much with songs as with declarations, from 'The Pleasure Principle' to the radical-sounding 'Rhythm Nation' to the telling statement of purpose, 'Control'."[212] Steve Huey of Allmusic asserted that despite being born into a family of entertainers, Janet Jackson has managed to emerge a "superstar" in her own right, rivaling not only several female recording artists including Madonna and Whitney Houston, but also her brother, while "successfully [shifting] her image from a strong, independent young woman to a sexy, mature adult."[244] By forging her own unique identity through her artistry and her business ventures, she has been esteemed as the "Queen of Pop".[47][245] Klein argued that "stardom was not too hard to predict, but few could have foreseen that Janet—Miss Jackson, if you're nasty—would one day replace Michael as true heir to the Jackson family legacy.".[212]



 Jackson performing on Number Ones, Up Close and Personal.
She has also been recognized for playing a pivotal role in crossing racial boundaries in the recording industry, where black artists were once considered to be substandard.[246] In Right to Rock: The Black Rock Coalition and the Cultural Politics of Race (2004), author Maureen Mahon states: "In the 1980s, Whitney Houston, Michael Jackson, Janet Jackson, and Prince were among the African American artists who crossed over ... When black artists cross over into pop success they cease to be black in the industry sense of the word. They get promoted from racialized black music to universal pop music in an economically driven process of racial transcendence."[247] Routledge International Encyclopedia of Women: Global Women's Issues and Knowledge (2000) documented that Jackson, along with other prominent African-American women, had achieved financial breakthroughs in mainstream popular music, receiving "superstar status" in the process.[43] She, alongside her contemporaries "offered viable creative, intellectual, and business paths for establishing and maintaining agency, lyrical potency, marketing and ownership."[248] Her business savvy has been compared to that of Madonna, gaining a level of autonomy which enables "creative latitude and access to financial resources and mass-market distribution."[249][250] A model of reinvention, author Jessie Carney Smith wrote that "Janet has continued to test the limits of her transformative power", receiving accolades in music, film and concert tours throughout the course of her career.[209]
Musicologist Richard J. Ripani identified Jackson as a leader in the development of contemporary R&B, as her music created a unique blend of genre and sound effects which ushered in the use of rap vocals into mainstream R&B.[25] He also argues her signature song "Nasty" influenced the new jack swing genre developed by Teddy Riley.[25] Leon McDermott of the Sunday Herald wrote: "Her million-selling albums in the 1980s helped invent contemporary R&B through Jimmy Jam and Terry Lewis's muscular, lean production; the sinuous grooves threaded through 1986's Control and 1989's Rhythm Nation 1814 are the foundation upon which today's hot shot producers and singers rely."[251] In Bring the Noise: 20 Years of Writing About Hip Rock and Hip Hop (2011), Simon Reynolds described Jackson's collaborations with her record producers as a reinvention of the dance-pop genre, introducing a new sonic palate.[252] Den Berry, Virgin Records CEO and Chairman stated: "Janet is the very embodiment of a global superstar. Her artistic brilliance and personal appeal transcend geographic, cultural and generational boundaries."[253] In July 1999, she placed at number 77 on VH1's "100 Greatest Women of Rock and Roll".[254] She also placed at number 134 on their list of the "200 Greatest Pop Culture Icons of All Time",[255] number seven on the "100 Greatest Women In Music",[256] and at number two on the "50 Greatest Women of the Video Era", behind Madonna.[257] In March 2008, Business Wire reported "Janet Jackson is one of the top ten selling artists in the history of contemporary music; ranked by Billboard magazine as the ninth most successful act in rock and roll history, and the second most successful female artist in pop music history."[258] She is the only female artist in the history of the Hot 100 to have 18 consecutive top ten hit singles, from "Miss You Much" (1989) to "I Get Lonely" (1998).[3] The magazine ranked her at number seven on their Hot 100 50th Anniversary "All-Time Top Artists", making her the third most successful female artist in the history of the chart, following Madonna and Mariah Carey.[259] In November 2010, Billboard released its "Top 50 R&B / Hip-Hop Artists of the Past 25 Years" list and ranked her at number five.[260] She ranks as the top artist on the chart with 15 number ones in the past twenty-five years, garnering 27 top ten hits between 1985 and 2001, and 33 consecutive top 40 hits from 1985 through 2004.[260] The most awarded artist in the history of the Billboard Music Awards with 33 wins, she is one an elite group of musical acts, such as Madonna, Aerosmith, Garth Brooks and Eric Clapton, whom Billboard credits for "redefining the landscape of popular music."[3][261] In November 2014, Jackson was voted 'Queen of Pop' by a poll conducted online by VH1.com.[262]
Jackson's music and choreography have inspired numerous performers. Virgin Records executive Lee Trink expressed: "Janet is an icon and historic figure in our culture. She's one of those gifted artists that people look up to, that people emulate, that people want to believe in ... there's not that many superstars that stand the test of time."[132] Sarah Rodman of the Boston Herald remarked: "For every hand-fluttering, overwrought, melisma addict out there aping Mariah's dog calls, there's an equal number trying to match Jackson's bubbling grooves and fancy footwork, including Britney, Aaliyah and Destiny's Child."[263] Music critic Gene Stout commented she "has so broadly influenced a younger generation of performers, from Jennifer Lopez ... to Britney Spears, who has copied so many of Jackson's dance moves."[264] 'N Sync and Usher have credited her for teaching them how to develop stage show into theatrical performance.[265][266] Beyoncé Knowles,[267] Toni Braxton,[268] Aaliyah,[269] Britney Spears,[270] Christina Aguilera,[271] Crystal Kay,[272] Kelly Rowland,[273] Rihanna,[274] and Brazilian singer Kelly Key[275] have all named her as one of their biggest inspirations, while others such as Rozonda "Chilli" Thomas of TLC,[276] Cassie,[277] Nicki Minaj,[278] Keri Hilson,[279] and DJ/singer Havana Brown,[280] have all expressed desire to emulate her. Elysa Gardner of USA Today wrote: "Jackson claims not to be bothered by the brigade of barely post-adolescent baby divas who have been inspired by—and, in some cases, have flagrantly aped—the sharp, animated choreography and girlish but decidedly post-feminist feistiness that have long been hallmarks of her performance style."[281] Those who are considered to have followed in her footsteps have been referred to as "Janet-come-lately's."[282][283] Other artists who have drawn comparison to her include Mýa,[284] Brandy,[285] Tatyana Ali,[286] Christina Milian,[287] Lady Gaga,[288] Namie Amuro,[289] and BoA.[290] Sociologist Shayne Lee commented that "[a]s Janet enters the twilight of her reign as erotic Queen of Pop, Beyoncé Knowles emerges as her likely successor."[211] Joan Morgan of Essence magazine remarked: "Jackson's Control, Rhythm Nation 1814 and janet. established the singer-dancer imprimatur standard in pop culture we now take for granted. So when you're thinking of asking Miss Jackson, 'What have you done for me lately?' remember that Britney, Ciara and Beyoncé live in the house that Janet built."[291]
Discography[edit]
Main article: Janet Jackson discography
Janet Jackson (1982)
Dream Street (1984)
Control (1986)
Janet Jackson's Rhythm Nation 1814 (1989)
janet. (1993)
The Velvet Rope (1997)
All for You (2001)
Damita Jo (2004)
20 Y.O. (2006)
Discipline (2008)
Filmography[edit]
See also: Janet Jackson videography
Poetic Justice (1993)
Nutty Professor II: The Klumps (2000)
Why Did I Get Married? (2007)
Why Did I Get Married Too? (2010)
For Colored Girls (2010)
Tours[edit]
Rhythm Nation World Tour (1990)
Janet World Tour (1993–95)
The Velvet Rope Tour (1998–99)
All for You Tour (2001–02)
Rock Witchu Tour (2008)
Number Ones, Up Close and Personal World Tour (2011)
Books[edit]
True You: A Journey to Finding and Loving Yourself (2011)
See also[edit]
Book icon Book: Janet Jackson

Honorific nicknames in popular music
List of best-selling music artists
List of best-selling music artists in the United States
List of artists who reached number one in the United States


Janet Jackson.jpgJanet Jackson portal
 Michael and Janet Jackson collection.jpgThe Jackson Family portal
 

References[edit]
Footnotes[edit]
1.Jump up ^ August Brown (2015-06-03). "Janet Jackson will release new album via her new record label". Los Angeles Times. Retrieved 2015-06-03.
2.Jump up ^ Top Selling Artists, Recording Industry Association of America, retrieved 2008-09-03
3.^ Jump up to: a b c Melinda Newman (2001-12-08), "Achievement Award is 'All' for Jackson", billboard 113 (49): 28, ISSN 0006-2510
4.^ Jump up to: a b c d e f g h i j k Cornwell, Jane (2002), Janet Jackson, Carlton Books, pp. 2, 10, 24, ISBN 1-84222-464-6
5.Jump up ^ Norment, Lynn (November 2001), "Janet: On her sexuality, spirituality, failed marriages, and lessons learned", Jet 57 (1): 104, ISSN 0012-9011
6.Jump up ^ Fox, Norman, Indian Summer, tv.com, retrieved September 3, 2008
7.^ Jump up to: a b c Saunders, Michael (October 3, 1996), "The 3 Divas Janet Jackson turns her focus inward", The Boston Globe: D13
8.Jump up ^ Janet Jackson, retrieved July 7, 2010
9.^ Jump up to: a b c d e f g h i j Janet Jackson, Allmusic, 2006, retrieved April 13, 2008
10.Jump up ^ 20, 1984 "Top Hip-Hop and R&B Songs & Singles Charts". Billboard. Retrieved June 12, 2010.
11.Jump up ^ "allmusic (((Dream Street > Overview )))". AllMusic. Retrieved July 21, 2010.
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204.Jump up ^ Smith, Jessie Carney (1996), Notable Black American Women, Volume 2, Gale, p. 324, ISBN 978-0-8103-9177-2
205.^ Jump up to: a b Reynolds, Simon; Joy Press (1996), The Sex Revolts: Gender, Rebellion, and Rock 'n' Roll, Harvard University Press, p. 297, ISBN 978-0-674-80273-5
206.^ Jump up to: a b c Ritz, David (October 1, 1998), "Sex, sadness & the triumph of Janet Jackson", Rolling Stone, retrieved April 23, 2008
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208.^ Jump up to: a b Goren, Lilly (2009), You've Come A Long Way, Baby: Women, Politics, and Popular Culture, University Press of Kentucky, p. 61, ISBN 978-0-8131-2544-2
209.^ Jump up to: a b Jessie Carney Smith (2010), Encyclopedia of African American Popular Culture, ABC-CLIO, pp. 738, 739, ISBN 978-0-313-35797-8
210.Jump up ^ Timothy E. Scheurer (2007), Born in the USA: The Myth of America in Popular Music from Colonial Times to the Present, University Press of Mississippi, p. 224, ISBN 978-1-934110-56-0
211.^ Jump up to: a b c Shayne Lee (2010), Erotic Revolutionaries: Black Women, Sexuality, and Popular Culture, Government Institutes, pp. 12–16, ISBN 978-0-7618-5228-5
212.^ Jump up to: a b c Klein, Joshua (April 25, 2001), "Janet Jackson's Lighthearted Lament About Lost Love", The Washington Post: C01
213.Jump up ^ Ritz, David (2004). The Naked Truth. Upscale. p. 64.
214.Jump up ^ Erlewine, Stephen Thomas (2004), Damita Jo, Allmusic, retrieved February 8, 2009
215.Jump up ^ Mitoma, Judy; Judith Mitoma; Elizabeth Zimmer; Dale Ann Stieber; Nelli Heinonen; Norah Zuniga Shaw (2002), Envisioning dance on film and video, Routledge, p. 16, ISBN 0-415-94171-7
216.Jump up ^ Cutcher, Jenai (2003), Feel the Beat: Dancing in Music Videos, The Rosen Publishing Group, pp. 14–16, ISBN 0-8239-4558-8
217.Jump up ^ Chambers, Veronica (1997-09-07). "She's Not Anybody's Baby Sister Anymore". The New York Times. Retrieved 2014-03-07.
218.Jump up ^ "Janet Jackson - From Janet. To Damita Jo: The Videos - music DVD reviews - musicOMH". MusicOMH. Hogwood, Ben. 2004. Retrieved December 25, 2013.
219.Jump up ^ Norment, Lynn (November 1, 2000), "Janet: At the crossroads", Ebony 56 (1): 180, ISSN 0012-9011
220.^ Jump up to: a b Beretta E. Smith-Shomade (2002), Shaded Lives: African-American Women and Television, Rutgers University Press, p. 86
221.Jump up ^ Stephanie Jordan, Dave Allen (1993), Parallel Lines: Media Representations of Dance, Indiana University Press, p. 68
222.Jump up ^ Jean M. Twenge (2007), Generation Me: Why Today's Young Americans are More Confident, Assertive, Entitled—and More Miserable Than Ever Before, Simon & Schuster, p. 167
223.Jump up ^ Sal Cinquemani and Ed Gonzalez (June 30, 2003), 100 Greatest Music Videos, Slant Magazine, retrieved March 9, 2012
224.Jump up ^ Sal Cinquemani and Ed Gonzalez (June 30, 2003), 100 Greatest Music Videos, Slant Magazine, retrieved March 9, 2012
225.Jump up ^ Letkemann, Jessica (August 1, 2011). "The 10 Best '80s Music Videos: Poll Results". Billboard. Prometheus Global Media. Retrieved August 1, 2011.
226.Jump up ^ Barber, Nicholas (June 7, 1998), "Rock music: Janet Jackson gets lost in her own limelight", The Independent: 6
227.Jump up ^ "Janet Jackson receives American Music Awards' Top Honor Highlighting Stellar Career", Jet 99 (7), January 29, 2001: 56, ISSN 0021-5996
228.^ Jump up to: a b Willman, Chris (April 23, 1990), "Pop Music Review Janet Jackson's Dance of Community", Los Angeles Times: 1, ISSN 0458-3035
229.Jump up ^ Glenn Gamboa (March 18, 2011), "The magnificent 7 Our critic's take on Janet Jackson's top hits before her musical comeback", Newsday: B.15
230.Jump up ^ Christensen, Thor (September 15, 2001), "Loose Lips: Pop Singers' Lip-Syncing In Concert Is An Open Secret", Pittsburgh Post-Gazette: B.8, ISSN 1068-624X
231.^ Jump up to: a b MacCambridge, Michael (July 6, 1990), "A lesson in `Control' // Janet Jackson delivers precise, sparkling show", Austin American-Statesman: B.8
232.Jump up ^ Ratliff, Ben (March 20, 2011), "First-Person Reflections on a Pop Career", The New York Times, retrieved April 1, 2011
233.Jump up ^ Chris Richards (March 23, 2011), "Janet Jackson lets fans see her sweat with energized Constitution Hall show", The Washington Post, retrieved April 1, 2011
234.Jump up ^ "Sultry songstress Lena Horne dies", The Washington Times, May 10, 2010, retrieved July 12, 2010
235.Jump up ^ Liz Smith (June 4, 1993), "Janet Jackson as Dandridge?", Los Angeles Times: 2, ISSN 0458-3035
236.Jump up ^ Penn, Roberta (September 5, 1997), "Janet Jackson digs deep and gets personal in latest album", The Fresno Bee: E.4, ISSN 0889-6070
237.Jump up ^ "Janet Jackson Returns with Hit Album and New Look", Jet 92 (26), November 17, 1997: 60
238.Jump up ^ "The Immortals – The Greatest Artists of All Time: 61) Tina Turner", Rolling Stone, April 22, 2005, retrieved April 26, 2009
239.Jump up ^ Kevin Phinney (September 21, 1989), "Jackson takes control on latest album // Songstress instrumental in signing producers, writing lyrics for `Rhythm Nation'", Austin American-Statesman: F.2
240.Jump up ^ "Janet Jackson: Rolling Stone", Rolling Stone, 2008, archived from the original on April 19, 2008, retrieved April 23, 2008
241.Jump up ^ Strong, Martin (2004), The Great Rock Discography: Complete Discographies Listing Every Track, Canongate U.S., p. 749, ISBN 1-84195-615-5
242.Jump up ^ Steve Dollar (2000-07-23), "A Little Help From Her Friends", Newsday: D.07
243.Jump up ^ McCarthy, Phillip (2008-02-25), "The Sun Herald — Don't mention Michael", Sydney Morning Herald, retrieved 2010-10-22
244.Jump up ^ Huey, Steve (2008), Janet Jackson > Biography, Allmusic, retrieved 2008-06-07
245.Jump up ^ Janet Jackson is a big deal these days, the Queen of Pop, though we can still call her by her first name. So little is she trading off the fame of her brother, so completely has she become her own thing, she has all but abandoned the family name. Tour posters, tickets and recent album — all say, quite simply "Janet", and leave it at that. Smith, Giles (1996-04-21), "Slow riffs, fast riffs, midriffs", The Independent: 26, ISSN 0951-9467
246.Jump up ^ Over the next few years, a significant proportion of music industry revenues were generated by a handful of superstar artists; in addition to Michael Jackson, there were Lionel Richie, Madonna, Prince, Bruce Springsteen, Whitney Houston, Tina Turner, Wham!, Phil Collins, Steve Winwood, Huey Lewis and the News, the Pointer Sisters, Janet Jackson, Anita Baker, and a handful of others. A surprising number of the new superstars were black. This was perhaps the first hint that the greater cosmopolitanism of a world market might produce some changes in the complexion of popular music. Garofalo, Reebee (1999), "From Music Publishing to MP3: Music and Industry in the Twentieth Century", American Music 17 (3): 343, doi:10.2307/3052666
247.Jump up ^ Mahon, Maureen (2004), Right to Rock: The Black Rock Coalition and the Cultural Politics of Race, Duke University Press, p. 163, ISBN 978-0-8223-3317-3
248.Jump up ^ Smith-Shomade, Beretta E. (2002), Shaded lives: African-American women and television, Rutgers University Press, p. 181, ISBN 978-0-8135-3105-2
249.Jump up ^ Millner, Denene (1996-01-12), "Dueling Divas Top Five Singers Slug It Out To See Who's The Real Queen Of Pop", Daily News (New York), retrieved 2009-10-15
250.Jump up ^ DeCurtis, Anthony (1992), Present tense: rock & roll and culture, Duke University Press, p. 257, ISBN 978-0-8223-1265-9
251.Jump up ^ McDermott, Leon (2004-03-28), "Going bust?; Damita Jo ought to have been Janet Jackson's big comeback album, says Leon McDermott, but after that incident at the Super Bowl will America forgive her?", Sunday Herald: 3
252.Jump up ^ Simon Reynolds (2011), Bring the Noise: 20 Years of Writing About Hip Rock and Hip Hop, Soft Skull Press, p. 226, ISBN 9781593764012
253.Jump up ^ "Janet Jackson Renews Contract With Virgin Records For Blockbuster Deal", Jet 89 (13): 35, ISSN 0021-5996
254.Jump up ^ J.D. Considine (1999-07-25), "Ranking the Women of 'Rock'", The Baltimore Sun: 2.F
255.Jump up ^ 200 Greatest Pop Culture Icons of All Time, VH1, retrieved 2011-02-28
256.Jump up ^ VH1's 100 Greatest Women In Music, VH1, 2012-02-13, retrieved 2012-02-22
257.Jump up ^ 50 Greatest Women of the Video Era, VH1, retrieved 2011-02-28
258.Jump up ^ UOMO Producer Helps Propel Janet Jackson to #1 in the US, Business Wire, 2008-03-10
259.Jump up ^ "Billboard Hot 100 Chart 50th Anniversary", Billboard, retrieved 2009-10-01
260.^ Jump up to: a b Trust, Gary; Caulfield, Keith; Ramirez, Rauly (2010-11-18), "The Top 50 R&B / Hip-Hop Artists of the Past 25 Years — Billboard Underground", Billboard, retrieved 2010-11-18
261.Jump up ^ Nick Goumond (2011-04-14), Rihanna, Eminem, Lady Gaga score double digit Billboard Music Awards noms, goldderby.com, retrieved 2011-04-16
262.Jump up ^ http://www.vh1.com/music/tuner/2014-11-07/winner-vh1-pop-queen-faceoff
263.Jump up ^ Rodman, Sarah (2001-08-24), "Music; Has Janet Jackson earned her diva wings?; Two FleetCenter shows are just one criterion", Boston Herald: S03
264.Jump up ^ Stout, Gene (2001-07-16), "Janet Jackson's Steamy Album Leaves Room For Romance", Seattle Post-Intelligencer: 8, ISSN 0745-970X
265.Jump up ^ Valdéz, Mimi (August 2001), "Show and prove", Vibe 9 (8): 116, ISSN 1070-4701
266.Jump up ^ Chris Nickson (2005), Usher:The Godson of Soul, Simon and Schuster, p. 39, ISBN 978-1-4169-0922-4
267.Jump up ^ Murray, Sonia (2006-08-18), "Janet & Beyonce: Rivals or not, the stars share surprising similarities", The Atlanta Journal and Constitution: F.1, ISSN 1539-7459 Check date values in: |year= / |date= mismatch (help)
268.Jump up ^ Michael A. Gonzales (July 1997), "Toni's Secret", Vibe 5 (5): 92, ISSN 1070-4701
269.Jump up ^ Sutherland, William (2005), Aaliyah Remembered, Trafford Publishing, p. 9, ISBN 978-1-4120-5062-3
270.Jump up ^ Mark Brown (2001-11-12), "In Her Own Words ; What's a Critic To Do When Britney Says it All?", Rocky Mountain News: 8.D
271.Jump up ^ Dominguez, Pier (2003), Christina Aguilera: A Star is Made : The Unauthorized Biography, Amber Books Publishing, p. 26, ISBN 978-0-9702224-5-9
272.Jump up ^ "Now Hear This Yokohama-based teen pop singer among the promising", Asahi Evening News, 2003-01-01: 1, ISSN 0025-2816
273.Jump up ^ "Five Minutes With: Kelly Rowland", Lincolnshire Echo, 2010-07-01: 11
274.Jump up ^ Collins, Hattie (2009-11-29), "Janet Jackson on surviving the family circus and missing Michael", The Sunday Times (UK), retrieved 2009-11-28
275.Jump up ^ "Kelly Key busca o sucesso de Christina Aguilera, Jennifer Lopez, Britney Spears, Madonna e Janet Jackson". Universo Musical. Retrieved January 7, 2012.
276.Jump up ^ Sonia Murray (1999-07-12), "TLC: Struggling in the Spotlightnot", Austin American-Statesman: E.1
277.Jump up ^ Bobbin, Jay (2006-08-09), "Imitation nation ; World of pop music filled with copycats", Chicago Tribune: 54, ISSN 1085-6706
278.Jump up ^ Jessica Herndon (2010-12-06), "Nicki Minaj's Top 5 Style Idols", People 74 (21): 58, ISSN 0093-7673
279.Jump up ^ Keri Hilson — Keri Hilson Respects Tlc's Image, Contactmusic.com, 2011-06-06, retrieved 2011-06-06
280.Jump up ^ Lauren Alpe (2011-06-13), Interview — Havana Brown, MTV News, retrieved 2011-06-13
281.Jump up ^ Elysa Gardner (2000-07-28), "Luscious Jackson", USA Today: 1.E, ISSN 0734-7456
282.Jump up ^ While her vocal skills are at least as decent as Britney Spears and the other Janet-come-latelys, it's Jackson's skills as an entertainer—and commanding stage presence—that make her so deserving of the spotlight. Gemma Tarlach (2001-10-17), "Janet Jackson takes her place as Queen of Pop", Milwaukee Journal Sentinel: 12.B
283.Jump up ^ Most disappointing was crunk princess Ciara. The Janet-come-lately and her octet of dance-floor acrobats moved with ferocious elegance to tracks like 'Goodies,' but the singer had glaring microphone problems when she spoke—tediously, about the 'importance' of her upcoming sophomore album. Sarah Rodman (2006-10-31), "MonsterJam Lacks Star Power", Boston Globe: E.7, ISSN 0743-1791
284.Jump up ^ Chuck Taylor (2000-11-18), "Mya: For Free", Billboard 112 (47): 1, ISSN 0006-2510
285.Jump up ^ Afrodisiac > Overview, Allmusic, 2006, retrieved 2009-02-22
286.Jump up ^ Kiss the Sky > Overview, Allmusic, 2006, retrieved 2009-02-22
287.Jump up ^ Barry Walters (July 2004), "It's About Time", Rolling Stone: 120, ISSN 0035-791X
288.Jump up ^ Kyle Anderson (2010-09-10), Lady Gaga Just Like 'Madonna And Janet Jackson,' Says Mark Ronson, MTV, retrieved 2011-06-08
289.Jump up ^ Kishin Shinoyama (Oct 2000), "Tokyo glamorama", Harper's Bazaar: 312
290.Jump up ^ "Korean Pop Star BoA Prepares U.S. Takeover", Rap-Up, retrieved 2011-04-19
291.Jump up ^ Joan Morgan (August 2010), "Before Sunset", Essence: 106
Sources[edit]
Brackett, Nathan. Hoard, Christian David. The New Rolling Stone Album Guide. Simon & Schuster, 2004. ISBN 0-7432-0169-8
Cornwell, Jane. Janet Jackson. Carlton Books, 2002. ISBN 1-84222-464-6
Cullen, Jim. Popular Culture in American History. Blackwell Publishing, 2001. ISBN 0-631-21958-7
Cutcher, Jenai. Feel the Beat: Dancing in Music Videos. The Rosen Publishing Group, 2003. ISBN 0-8239-4558-8
Dean, Maury. Rock-N-Roll Gold Rush. Algora Publishing, 2003. ISBN 0-87586-207-1
DeCurtis, Anthony. Present tense: rock & roll and culture. Duke University Press, 1992. ISBN 978-0-8223-1265-9
Gaar, Gillian G. She's a rebel: the history of women in rock & roll. Seal Press, 2002. ISBN 1-58005-078-6
Gates, Henry Louis. Appiah, Anthony. Africana: The Encyclopedia of the African and African American. Basic Civitas Books, 1999. ISBN 0-465-00071-1
Goren, Lilly. You've Come A Long Way, Baby: Women, Politics, and Popular Culture. University Press of Kentucky, 2009. ISBN 978-0-8131-2544-2
Halstead, Craig. Cadman, Chris. Jacksons Number Ones. Authors On Line, 2003. ISBN 0-7552-0098-5
Jaynes, Gerald David. Encyclopedia of African American Society. Sage Publications, 2005. ISBN 0-7619-2764-6
Kramarae, Cheris. Spender, Dale. Routledge International Encyclopedia of Women: Global Women's Issues and Knowledge. Routledge, 2000. ISBN 0-415-92091-4
Mitoma, Judy. Mitoma, Judith. Zimmer, Elizabeth. Stieber, Dale Ann. Heinonen, Nelli. Shaw, Norah Zuniga. Envisioning dance on film and video. Routledge, 2002. ISBN 0-415-94171-7
Reynolds, Simon. Press, Joy. The Sex Revolts: Gender, Rebellion, and Rock 'n' Roll. Harvard University Press, 1996. ISBN 978-0-674-80273-5
Ripani, Richard J. The New Blue Music: Changes in Rhythm & Blues, 1950–1999 University Press of Mississippi, 2006. ISBN 1-57806-862-2
Smith, Jessie Carney. Notable Black American Women, Volume 2. Gale, 1996. ISBN 978-0-8103-9177-2
Starr, Larry. Waterman, Christopher Alan. American Popular Music: The Rock Years. Oxford University Press, 2006. ISBN 978-0-19-530052-9
Strong, Martin Charles. The Great Rock Discography: Complete Discographies Listing Every Track Recorded by More Than 1200 Artists. Canongate U.S., 2004. ISBN 1-84195-615-5
Vincent, Rickey. Clinton, George. Funk: The Music, The People, and The Rhythm of The One. Macmillan, 1996. ISBN 0-312-13499-1
Further reading[edit]
Bronson, Fred. The Billboard Book of Number One Hits. Billboard Books, 2003. ISBN 0-8230-7677-6
Hyatt, Wesley. The Billboard Book of Number One Adult Contemporary Hits. Billboard Books, 1999. ISBN 0-8230-7693-8
Warner, Jay. On this Day in Black Music History. Hal Leonard, 2006. ISBN 0-634-09926-4
External links[edit]
 Wikimedia Commons has media related to Janet Jackson.
Official website
Janet Jackson at the Internet Movie Database
Janet Jackson at AllMusic


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Janet Jackson

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For her self-titled album, see Janet Jackson (album).


 It has been suggested that Artistry of Janet Jackson be merged into this article. (Discuss) Proposed since March 2015.

Janet Jackson
Janet Jackson Number Ones Tour 2011.jpeg
Jackson performing on Number Ones, Up Close and Personal, 2011

Born
Janet Damita Jo Jackson
 May 16, 1966 (age 49)
Gary, Indiana, U.S.
Occupation
Singer ·
 songwriter ·
 dancer ·
 actress ·
 record producer ·
 film producer ·
 businesswoman ·
 philanthropist ·
 author
 
Years active
1973–present
Spouse(s)
James DeBarge (m. 1984–85)
René Elizondo, Jr. (m. 1991–2000)
Wissam Al Mana (m. 2012)

Musical career
Genres
Pop ·
 R&B ·
 dance
 
Instruments
Vocals ·
 keyboards
 
Labels
A&M ·
 Virgin ·
 Island ·
 Rhythm Nation
 
Website
janetjackson.com
Janet Damita Jo Jackson (born May 16, 1966) is an American singer, songwriter, and actress. Known for a series of sonically innovative, socially conscious and sexually provocative records, as well as elaborate stage shows, television roles, and film roles, she has been a prominent figure in popular culture for over 25 years. The youngest child of the Jackson family, she began her career with the variety television series The Jacksons in 1976 and went on to appear in other television shows throughout the 1970s and early 1980s, including Good Times and Fame.
After signing a recording contract with A&M in 1982, she became a pop icon following the release of her third studio album Control (1986). Her collaborations with record producers Jimmy Jam and Terry Lewis incorporated elements of rhythm and blues, funk, disco, rap, and industrial beats, which led to crossover success in popular music. In addition to receiving recognition for the innovation in her records, choreography, music videos, and prominence on radio airplay and MTV, she was acknowledged as a role model for her socially conscious lyrics.
In 1991, she signed the first of two record-breaking, multi-million dollar contracts with Virgin Records, establishing her as one of the highest paid artists in the industry. Her debut album under the label, Janet (1993), saw her develop a public image as a sex symbol as she began to explore sexuality in her work. That same year, she appeared in her first starring film role in Poetic Justice; since then she has continued to act in feature films. By the end of the 1990s, she was named the second most successful recording artist of the decade. She has amassed an extensive catalog of hits, with singles such as "Nasty", "Rhythm Nation", "If", "That's the Way Love Goes", "Together Again" and "All for You" among her most iconic.
Having sold over 160 million records, she is ranked as one of the best-selling artists in the history of contemporary music.[1] The Recording Industry Association of America (RIAA) lists her as the eleventh best-selling female artist in the United States, with 26 million certified albums.[2] She holds the record for the most consecutive top 10 hits on the Billboard Hot 100 by a female artist with 18.[3] In 2008, Billboard magazine released its list of the Hot 100 All-Time Top Artists, placing her at number seven, while in 2010, ranking her fifth among the "Top 50 R&B/Hip-Hop Artists of the Past 25 Years". One of the world's most awarded artists, her longevity, records and achievements reflect her influence in shaping and redefining the scope of popular music. She has been cited as an inspiration among numerous performers.


Contents  [hide]
1 Life and career 1.1 1966–85: Early life and career beginnings
1.2 1986–88: Control
1.3 1989–92: Janet Jackson's Rhythm Nation 1814
1.4 1993–96: Janet, Poetic Justice, and Design of a Decade
1.5 1997–99: The Velvet Rope
1.6 2000–03: Nutty Professor II: The Klumps and All for You
1.7 2004–05: Super Bowl XXXVIII controversy and Damita Jo
1.8 2006–07: 20 Y.O. and Why Did I Get Married?
1.9 2008–09: Discipline and Number Ones
1.10 2010–present: Film projects, True You, concert tour, and philanthropy
2 Artistry 2.1 Music and voice
2.2 Videos and stage
2.3 Influences
3 Legacy
4 Discography
5 Filmography
6 Tours
7 Books
8 See also
9 References 9.1 Footnotes
9.2 Sources
10 Further reading
11 External links

Life and career[edit]
1966–85: Early life and career beginnings[edit]



 Jackson (bottom row) in a 1976 CBS photo on the set of The Jacksons
Janet Jackson was born in Gary, Indiana, the youngest of ten children, to Katherine Esther (née Scruse) and Joseph Walter Jackson.[4] The Jacksons were lower-middle class and devout Jehovah's Witnesses, although Jackson would later refrain from organized religion.[5] At a young age, her brothers began performing as The Jackson 5. In March 1969, the group signed a record deal with Motown, and soon had their first number-one hit. The family then moved to the Encino neighborhood of Los Angeles.[4] Jackson had initially desired to become a horse racing jockey or entertainment lawyer, with plans to support herself through acting. Despite this, she was anticipated to pursue a career in entertainment, and considered the idea after recording herself in the studio.[4] At age seven, Jackson performed at the Las Vegas Strip at the MGM Casino.[4] A biography revealed her father, Joseph Jackson, was emotionally withdrawn, and told her to address him solely by his first name as a child.[4] She began acting in the variety show The Jacksons in 1976.[4] In 1977, she was selected to have a starring role as Penny Gordon Woods in the sitcom Good Times.[4] She later starred in A New Kind of Family before joining the cast of Diff'rent Strokes, portraying Charlene Duprey for two years.[4] Jackson also played the recurring role of Cleo Hewitt during the fourth season of Fame, but expressed indifference towards the series.[6][7] Jackson states her ethnicity is African American and Native American.[8]
When Jackson was sixteen, she was arranged a contract with A&M Records.[4] Her debut album, Janet Jackson, was released in 1982. It was produced by Angela Winbush, René Moore and Leon F. Sylvers III, and overseen by her father Joseph.[4] It peaked at number sixty-three on Billboard, and number six on the publication's R&B albums chart, receiving little promotion.[9] Jackson's second album, Dream Street, was released two years later.[4] Dream Street reached one-hundred forty-seven on the Billboard 200, and number nineteen on the R&B albums chart.[9] The lead single "Don't Stand Another Chance" peaked at number nine on Billboard‍ '​s R&B singles chart.[10] Both albums consisted primarily of bubblegum pop music.[11] Jackson eloped with singer James DeBarge in 1984, divorcing shortly afterwards, with the marriage annulled the following year.[12]
1986–88: Control[edit]




"Nasty" (1986)







"Nasty" was written as a response to an incident of sexual harassment Jackson faced during the recording of Control. The song features a triplet swing beat.

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After her second album, Jackson terminated business affairs with her family, commenting "I just wanted to get out of the house, get out from under my father, which was one of the most difficult things that I had to do."[7] Attempting a third album, Jackson teamed with producers Jimmy Jam and Terry Lewis. They set out to achieve crossover pop appeal, while also creating a strong foundation within the urban market.[13] Within six weeks, Jackson and the duo crafted her third studio album, Control, released in February 1986.[14] The album peaked at number one on Billboard, and was certified fivefold platinum by the RIAA, selling over fourteen million copies worldwide.[9][15]
Control was declared "remarkably nervy and mature" for a teenage act, also considered "an alternative to the sentimental balladry" which permeated radio, likening Jackson to Donna Summer's position of "unwilling to accept novelty status and taking her own steps to rise above it."[16][17][18] The album spawned five top five singles, "What Have You Done for Me Lately", "Nasty", "When I Think of You", "Control", and "Let's Wait Awhile", and a top fifteen hit with "The Pleasure Principle". "When I Think of You" became her first number one hit on the Hot 100. Control received six Billboard Awards, including "Top Pop Singles Artist", and three Grammy nominations, most notably "Album of the Year".[19] It also won four American Music Awards from twelve nominations, an unbroken record.[20][21][22] At this point, Jackson was successfully "shaking off the experience of being a shadow Jackson child", becoming "an artist in her own right".[23]
The album's lyrical content included several themes of empowerment, inspired by an incident of sexual harassment, with Jackson recalling "the danger hit home when a couple of guys started stalking me on the street ... Instead of running to Jimmy or Terry for protection, I took a stand. I backed them down. That's how songs like 'Nasty' and 'What Have You Done for Me Lately' were born, out of a sense of self-defense."[24] Its innovative fusion of dance pop and industrial music with hip-hop and R&B undertones influenced the development of the new jack swing genre by bridging the gap between the latter two styles.[25] The album's music videos became infamous on MTV, also obtaining a then-unknown Paula Adbul a recording contract for her choreography work with Jackson.[26] Billboard stated "[Jackson's] accessible sound and spectacularly choreographed videos were irresistible to MTV, and helped the channel evolve from rock programming to a broader, beat-driven musical mix."[14]
1989–92: Janet Jackson's Rhythm Nation 1814[edit]




"Rhythm Nation" (1989)







"Rhythm Nation" incorporates elements of dance pop and industrial music with the full range of new jack swing genre.

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Jackson released her fourth album, Rhythm Nation 1814, in September 1989. Although her record label desired a direct sequel to Control, Jackson chose to include a socially conscious theme among various musical styles.[27] She stated, "I know an album or a song can't change the world. I just want my music and my dance to catch the audience's attention, and to hold it long enough for them to listen to the lyrics."[28] The album's central theme of unity was developed in response to various crimes and tragedies reported in the media.[29]
Peaking at number one on the Billboard 200, the album was certified sixfold platinum by the RIAA and sold over fourteen million copies internationally.[9][15] Rolling Stone observed Jackson's artistic growth shifted from "personal freedom to more universal concerns—injustice, illiteracy, crime, drugs—without missing a beat."[30] The album was also considered "the exclamation point on her career", consisting of a "diverse collection of songs flowing with the natural talent Jackson possesses", which effectively "expanded Janet's range in every conceivable direction", being "more credibly feminine, more crucially masculine, more viably adult, more believably childlike."[31] With singles "Miss You Much", "Rhythm Nation", "Escapade", "Alright", "Come Back to Me", "Black Cat" and "Love Will Never Do (Without You)", it became the only album in history to produce number one hits in three separate calendar years, as well as the only album to achieve seven top five singles on the Hot 100.[32] Famous for its choreography and warehouse setting, the "Rhythm Nation" video is considered one of the most iconic and popular in history, with Jackson's military ensemble also making her a fashion icon.[33] The video for Love Will Never Do (Without You) is notable for being the first instance of Jackson's transition into sexual imagery and midriff-baring style, becoming her trademark. Rhythm Nation 1814 became the highest selling album of 1990, winning a record fifteen Billboard Awards.[34][35][36] The long-form "Rhythm Nation" music video won a Grammy Award.[37]
Jackson's Rhythm Nation 1814 World Tour became the most successful debut tour in history and set a record for the fastest sell-out of Japan's Tokyo Dome.[38] She established the "Rhythm Nation Scholarship," donating funds from the tour to various educational programs.[39][40] Jackson became increasingly acknowledged for her cultural impact, called "a fixture on MTV and a major role model to teenage girls across the country", as well as a social leader, praised for the album's message "having positive effects" among youth.[41][42] The massive success experienced by Jackson placed her in league with Michael Jackson, Madonna, and Tina Turner for her achievements and influence.[43] A publication reported, "No individual or group has impacted the world of entertainment as have Michael and Janet Jackson," saying despite many imitators, few could surpass Jackson's "stunning style and dexterity."[44] In 1992, Jackson provided guest vocals on Luther Vandross's "The Best Things in Life Are Free", becoming a top ten Billboard hit and reaching the top ten internationally.[45]
1993–96: Janet, Poetic Justice, and Design of a Decade[edit]



 Janet Jackson featured on an iconic cover of Rolling Stone with the hands of her then-unknown husband René Elizondo, Jr. cupping her breasts.
Jackson fulfilled her contract with A&M Records, signing a multi-million dollar contract with Virgin Records estimated between thirty-two to fifty million dollars, making her the highest paid recording artist at the time.[44][46] The recording contract also established her reputation as the "Queen of Pop."[47] Jackson's fifth studio album Janet, stylized as janet. and read "Janet, period", was released in May 1993. The record opened at number one on the Billboard 200, making Jackson the first female artist in the Nielsen SoundScan era to do so.[9][48] Certified sixfold platinum by the RIAA, it sold over 20 million copies worldwide.[15][49] Janet spawned five singles and four promotional singles, receiving various certifications worldwide. Lead single "That's the Way Love Goes" won the Grammy Award for Best R&B Song and topped the Billboard Hot 100 for eight consecutive weeks.[50] "Again" reached number one for three weeks, while "If" and "Any Time, Any Place" peaked in the top four. "Because of Love" and "You Want This" charted within the top ten.
The album experimented with a diverse number of genres, including deep house, swing jazz, hip hop, rock, and contemporary R&B blended with pop, with Billboard describing each as being "delivered with consummate skill and passion."[51] Jackson took a larger role in songwriting and production than she did on her previous albums, explaining she found it necessary "to write all the lyrics and half of the melodies" while also speaking candidly about incorporating her sexuality into the album's content.[24] Rolling Stone wrote "[a]s princess of America's black royal family, everything Janet Jackson does is important. Whether proclaiming herself in charge of her life, as she did on Control (1986), or commander in chief of a rhythm army dancing to fight society's problems (Rhythm Nation 1814, from 1989), she's influential. And when she announces her sexual maturity, as she does on her new album, Janet., it's a cultural moment."[52]
In July 1993, Jackson made her film debut in Poetic Justice. While the film was critically panned, her performance was described as "beguiling" and "believably eccentric."[53][54] Jackson's ballad "Again", which was written for the film, received Golden Globe and Academy Award nominations for "Best Original Song."[55][56] In September 1993, Jackson appeared topless on the cover of Rolling Stone, with her breasts covered by former husband René Elizondo, Jr. The photograph is the original version of the cropped image used on the Janet album cover, shot by Patrick Demarchelier.[57] The Vancouver Sun reported, "Jackson, 27, remains clearly established as both role model and sex symbol; the Rolling Stone photo of Jackson ... became one of the most recognizable, and most lampooned, magazine covers."[58] The Janet World Tour launched in support of the studio album garnered criticism for Jackson's lack of vocal proficiency and spontaneity, but earned critical acclaim for her showmanship. It was described as erasing the line between "stadium-size pop music concerts and full-scale theatrical extravaganzas."[59]
During this time, her brother Michael was immersed in a child sex abuse scandal, of which he denied any wrongdoing.[60] She provided moral support, defending her brother, and denied abuse allegations regarding her parents made by her sister La Toya.[61] She collaborated with Michael Jackson on "Scream", the lead single from his album HIStory, released 1995. The song was written by both siblings as a response to media scrutiny.[62] It debuted at number five on the Hot 100 singles chart, becoming the first song ever to debut within the top five. "Scream" is listed in Guinness World Records as the "Most Expensive Music Video Ever Made", costing $7 million. The clip won the 1995 Grammy Award for Best Short Form Music Video.[37]
Jackson's first compilation album, Design of a Decade 1986/1996, was released in 1995. It peaked at number three on the Billboard 200.[9] The lead single, "Runaway", became the first song by a female artist to debut within the top ten of the Hot 100, reaching number three.[63][64] Design of a Decade 1986/1996 was certified double platinum by the RIAA and sold ten million copies worldwide.[15] Jackson's influence in pop music continued to garner acclaim, as The Boston Globe remarked "If you're talking about the female power elite in pop, you can't get much higher than Janet Jackson, Bonnie Raitt, Madonna and Yoko Ono. Their collective influence ... is beyond measure. And who could dispute that Janet Jackson now has more credibility than brother Michael?"[65] Jackson renewed her contract with Virgin Records for a reported $80 million the following year.[66] The contract established her as the then-highest paid recording artist in history, surpassing the recording industry's then-unparalleled $60 million contracts earned by Michael Jackson and Madonna.[67][68][69]
1997–99: The Velvet Rope[edit]
Jackson began suffering from severe depression and anxiety, leading her to chronicle the experience in her sixth album, The Velvet Rope, released October 1997. Jackson returned with a dramatic change in image, boasting vibrant red hair, nasal piercings, and tattoos.[70] The album is primarily centered on the idea that everyone has an intrinsic need to belong. Aside from encompassing lyrics relating to social issues such as same-sex relationships, homophobia and domestic violence, it also contains themes of sadomasochism and is considered far more sexually explicit in nature than her previous release, Janet.[7] The record was hailed as "her most daring, elaborate and accomplished album" by The New York Times, while Billboard ranked it as "the best American album of the year and the most empowering of her last five."[71][72] The album debuted at number one on the Billboard 200 and was certified triple platinum, selling over ten million worldwide.[15]
Lead single "Got 'til It's Gone" was released in August 1997, featuring guest vocals from folk singer Joni Mitchell and rapper Q-Tip. The song's music video, depicting a pre-Apartheid celebration, won the Grammy Award for Best Short Form Music Video.[37] "Together Again" became Jackson's eighth number-one hit on the Billboard Hot 100, placing her on par with Elton John, Diana Ross, and The Rolling Stones.[50] It spent a record forty-six weeks on the Hot 100 and nineteen weeks on the United Kingdom's singles chart.[50] It sold six million copies worldwide, becoming one of the best-selling singles of all time. "I Get Lonely" peaked at number three on the Hot 100, and received a Grammy nomination for Best Female R&B Vocal Performance.[73] As Jackson's eighteenth consecutive top ten hit, it made her the only female artist to garner that achievement, surpassed only by Elvis Presley and The Beatles.[74] Several other singles were released, including "Go Deep" and ballad "Every Time", which was controversial for the nudity displayed in its music video.[75]
The album fully established Jackson as a gay icon for its themes regarding homosexuality and protesting homophobia. "Together Again", a "post-Aids pop song", and "Free Xone", considered "a paean to homosexuality" and an "anti-homophobia track", were praised for their lyrical context, in addition to Jackson's lesbian reinterpretation of Rod Stewart's "Tonight's the Night".[76][77] The Velvet Rope received an award for "Outstanding Music Album" at the 9th Annual GLAAD Media Awards and was honored by the National Black Lesbian and Gay Leadership Forum.[78] A portion of the proceeds from "Together Again" were donated to the American Foundation for AIDS Research.[50]
Jackson embarked on The Velvet Rope World Tour, traveling to Europe, North America, Asia, Africa, New Zealand, and Australia. The tour received praise for its theatrics, choreography, and Jackson's vocal performance.[79] It was likened to "the ambition and glamour of a Broadway musical", and exclaimed as "only fitting that the concert program credits her as the show's 'creator and director'."[79] The tour's HBO special, The Velvet Rope: Live in Madison Square Garden, garnered more than fifteen million viewers. It surpassed the ratings of all four major networks among viewers subscribed to the channel.[80] The concert won an Emmy Award from a total of four nominations.[81] Jackson donated a portion of the tour's sales to America's Promise, an organization founded by Colin Powell to assist disenfranchised youth.[82]
As the tour concluded, Jackson lent guest vocals to several collaborations, including Shaggy's "Luv Me, Luv Me", used for the film How Stella Got Her Groove Back, as well as "Girlfriend/Boyfriend" with Teddy Riley's group Blackstreet, and "What's It Gonna Be?!" with Busta Rhymes. The latter two music videos are both among the most expensive music videos ever produced, with "What's It Gonna Be?!" becoming a number-one hit on the Billboard Hip-Hop Singles and Hot Rap Tracks charts, reaching the top three of the Hot 100. Jackson also contributed the ballad "God's Stepchild" to the Down in the Delta soundtrack. Jackson recorded a duet with Elton John titled "I Know the Truth," included on the soundtrack to Elton John and Tim Rice's Aida. At the 1999 World Music Awards, Jackson received the Legend Award for "outstanding contribution to the pop industry".[83] Billboard ranked Jackson as the second most successful artist of the decade, behind Mariah Carey.[84]
2000–03: Nutty Professor II: The Klumps and All for You[edit]
In July 2000, Jackson appeared in her second film, Nutty Professor II: The Klumps, as the role of Professor Denise Gaines, opposite Eddie Murphy. Director Peter Segal stated "Janet Jackson was a natural fit, and an obvious choice."[85] The film became her second to open at number one, grossing an estimated total of nearly $170 million worldwide.[86][87] Jackson's single "Doesn't Really Matter", used for the film's soundtrack, became her ninth number-one single on the Hot 100. The same year, Jackson's husband Rene Elizondo Jr. filed for divorce, revealing their private marriage to the public. Entertainment Weekly reported for eight of the thirteen years she and Elizondo had been acquainted, "[they] were married—a fact they managed to hide not only from the international press but from Jackson's own father."[88] Elizondo filed a multi-million dollar lawsuit against her, estimated between $10–25 million, which did not reach a settlement for three years.[88][89]
Preceding the release of her seventh album, MTV honored Jackson with the network's inaugural "MTV Icon" ceremony, honoring her "significant contributions to music, music video and pop culture while tremendously impacting the MTV generation." The event paid tribute to Jackson's career and influence, including commentary from Britney Spears, Jennifer Lopez, Aaliyah, and Jessica Simpson, and performances by 'N Sync, Pink, Destiny's Child, Usher, Buckcherry, and Outkast.[90] The American Music Awards also honored Jackson with the Award of Merit for "her finely crafted, critically acclaimed and socially conscious, multi-platinum albums."[91] Jackson's seventh album, All for You, was released in April 2001. It opened at number one on the Billboard 200 with 605,000 copies sold, the highest first-week sales of her career, and among the highest first-week sales by a female artist in history.[9][92] The album was a return to an upbeat dance style, receiving generally positive reception. Jackson received praise for indulging in "textures as dizzying as a new infatuation", in contrast to other artists attempting to "match the angularity of hip-hop" and following trends.[93] All for You was certified double platinum by the RIAA and sold nine million copies worldwide.[15][94]




"All for You" (2001)







Jackson's "All for You" peaked atop the Billboard Hot 100 for seven weeks.

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The album's lead single, "All for You", debuted on the Hot 100 at number fourteen, setting a record for the highest debut by a single that was not commercially available.[95] Jackson was titled "Queen of Radio" by MTV as the single made airplay history, being "added to every pop, rhythmic and urban radio station" within its first week.[95] The song broke the overall airplay debut record with a first week audience of seventy million, debuting at number nine on the Radio Songs chart.[96] It topped the Hot 100 for seven weeks, also reaching the top ten in eleven countries.[97] The song received a Grammy Award for Best Dance Recording.[37] "Someone to Call My Lover" peaked at number three on the Hot 100.[98] Built around a sample of the iconic 1972 hit "You're So Vain" by Carly Simon, "Son of a Gun (I Betcha Think This Song Is About You)" featured Simon herself, along with Missy Elliott on remixes of the single.
In July 2001, Jackson embarked on the All for You Tour, which was also broadcast on a concert special for HBO watched by twelve million viewers.[99] The tour traveled throughout the United States and Japan, although European and Asian dates were required to be canceled following the September 11 terrorist attacks. The Los Angeles Times complimented Jackson's showmanship.[100] Richard Harrington of the Washington Post said Jackson's performance surpassed her contemporaries,[101] but Bob Massy of Spin thought her dancers "threw crisper moves" and her supporting singers were mixed nearly as high, though declared "Janet cast herself as the real entertainment."[102] Jackson donated a portion of the tour's proceeds to the Boys & Girls Clubs of America.[103]
The following year, Jackson began receiving media attention for her rumored relationships with Justin Timberlake, actor Matthew McConaughey, and record producer Jermaine Dupri.[104][105][106] Upon the release of Timberlake's debut solo album Justified, Jackson provided vocals on "(And She Said) Take Me Now" per Timberlake's request, with the song initially planned as a single. Jackson collaborated with reggae artist Beenie Man for the song "Feel It Boy", produced by The Neptunes.
2004–05: Super Bowl XXXVIII controversy and Damita Jo[edit]
Main article: Super Bowl XXXVIII halftime show controversy
Jackson was chosen by the National Football League and MTV to perform at the Super Bowl XXXVIII halftime show in February 2004. Jackson performed a medley of "All for You", "Rhythm Nation", and an excerpt of "The Knowledge" before performing "Rock Your Body" alongside surprise guest Justin Timberlake. As Timberlake sang the lyric "I'm gonna have you naked by the end of this song", he tore open her costume, exposing her right breast to 140 million viewers. Jackson issued an apology after the performance, saying the incident was accidental and unintended, explaining that Timberlake was only meant to pull away a bustier and leave the red-lace bra intact.[107] She commented, "I am really sorry if I offended anyone. That was truly not my intention ... MTV, CBS, the NFL had no knowledge of this whatsoever, and unfortunately, the whole thing went wrong in the end."[108] Timberlake also issued an apology, calling the accident a "wardrobe malfunction."[107] The incident became the most recorded and replayed moment in TiVo history, enticing an estimated 35,000 new subscribers.[109][110] Regarded as one of the most controversial television events in history, Jackson was later listed in Guinness World Records as the "Most Searched in Internet History" and the "Most Searched for News Item".[111] CBS, the NFL, and MTV (CBS's sister network, which produced the halftime show), denied any knowledge of, and all responsibility for, the incident. The Federal Communications Commission heavily fined all companies involved, and continued an investigation for eight years, ultimately losing its appeal for a $550,000 fine against CBS.[112]



 Jackson and Timberlake photographed after the Super Bowl XXXVIII halftime show incident.
Following the incident, CBS permitted Timberlake to appear at the 46th Grammy Awards ceremony but did not allow Jackson to attend, forcing her to withdraw after being scheduled as a presenter.[113] The controversy halted plans for Jackson to star in the biographical film of singer and activist Lena Horne, which was to be produced by American Broadcasting Company. Although Horne was reportedly displeased by the incident, Jackson's representatives stated she withdrew from the project willingly.[114] A Mickey Mouse statue wearing Jackson's iconic "Rhythm Nation" outfit was mantled at Walt Disney World theme park the previous year to honor Jackson's legacy, but was removed following Jackson's controversial performance.[115]
Jackson's eighth studio album Damita Jo, titled after Jackson's middle name, was released in March 2004. It debuted at number two on the Billboard 200.[9][116] The album received mixed to positive reviews, praising the sonic innovation of selected songs and Jackson's vocal harmonies, while others criticized its frequent themes of carnality.[117] However, several critics observed many reviews focusing on the Super Bowl incident, rather than critiquing the album itself.[118] It was certified platinum by the RIAA within a month, and sold over three million copies worldwide.[15][119]
The album's performance was largely affected by public backlash and the blacklisting from radio and music channels. Conglomerates involved in the boycott include Viacom and CBS, subsidiaries MTV, Clear Channel Communications, and Infinity Broadcasting, the latter two among the largest radio broadcasters.[120][121] The blacklist was placed into effect preceding the release of Damita Jo and continued throughout the course of Jackson's following two albums. A senior executive for entertainment conglomerate Viacom, which owns MTV, VH1, and many radio formats, commented they were "absolutely bailing on the record. The pressure is so great, they can't align with anything related to Janet. The high-ups are still pissed at her, and this is a punitive measure."[122] Prior to the incident, Damita Jo was expected to outsell prior release All for You.[123] Its three singles received positive reviews, but failed to achieve high chart positions, although each were predicted to perform extremely well under different circumstances.[124] Billboard reported that Damita Jo "was largely overshadowed by the Super Bowl fiasco," saying "[t]he three singles it spawned were blacklisted by pop radio—they were also the album's biggest highlights—the electronic guitar studded "Just a Little While", Motown-influenced "I Want You" and the funky, heavily dance orientated "All Nite (Don't Stop)".[125] "I Want You" was certified platinum and received a Grammy nomination.[126]
For the album's promotion, Jackson appeared as a host on Saturday Night Live, performing two songs, and was also a guest star on sitcom Will & Grace, portraying herself.[127] Jackson received several career accolades upon the album's release, including the "Legend Award" at the Radio Music Awards, "Inspiration Award" from the Japan Video Music Awards, "Lifetime Achievement Award" at the Soul Train Music Awards, and a Teen Choice Awards nomination for "Favorite Female." In November 2004, Jackson was honored as a role model by 100 Black Men of America, Inc., presented with the organization's Artistic Achievement Award saluting "a career that has gone from success to greater success'."[128] In response to criticism for honoring Jackson in light of the Super Bowl incident, the organization responded "an individual's worth can't be judged by a single moment in that person's life."[129][130] In June 2005, she was honored with a Humanitarian Award by the Human Rights Campaign and AIDS Project Los Angeles as recognition for her involvement in raising money for AIDS charities.[131]
2006–07: 20 Y.O. and Why Did I Get Married?[edit]



 Jackson with the winners of the "Design Me" contest held for her ninth studio album, 20 Y.O.
Jackson began recording her ninth studio album, 20 Y.O., in 2005. She recorded with producers Dupri, Jam and Lewis for several months during the following year. The album's title was a reference to the two decades since the release of her breakthrough album Control, representing the album's "celebration of the joyful liberation and history-making musical style."[132] To promote the album, Jackson appeared in various magazines, and performed on the Today Show and Billboard Awards. Jackson's Us Weekly cover, revealing her slim figure after heavy media focus was placed on her fluctuations in weight, became the magazine's best-selling issue in history.[133] 20 Y.O. was released in September 2006 and debuted at number two on the Billboard 200.[9] The album received mixed reviews, with multiple critics chastising the production and involvement of Jermaine Dupri.[134] Rolling Stone disagreed with the album's reference to Control, saying "If we were her, we wouldn't make the comparison."[134]
Jackson's airplay and music channel blacklist remained persistent, massively affecting her chart performance and exposure.[120][135] However, lead single "Call on Me", which featured rapper Nelly, peaked at number twenty-five on the Hot 100, number one on the Hot R&B/Hip-Hop Songs chart, and number six in the United Kingdom.[73] The video for the album's second single, "So Excited", was directed by Joseph Kahn and portrayed Jackson's clothes disappearing through a complex dance routine. 20 Y.O. was certified platinum by the RIAA and sold 1.2 million worldwide, also receiving a Grammy nomination for Best Contemporary R&B Album.[15][136][137] After the album's release, Dupri was condemened for his production and misguidance of the album, and subsequently was removed from his position at Virgin Records.[138] Slant Magazine stated, "After promising a return to Janet's dance-pop origins, [Dupri] opted to aim for urban audiences, a colossal mistake that cost Dupri his job and, probably, Janet her deal with Virgin."[139]
Jackson was ranked the seventh richest woman in the entertainment industry by Forbes, having amassed a fortune of over $150 million.[140] In 2007, she starred opposite Tyler Perry as a psychotherapist in the film Why Did I Get Married?. It became her third consecutive film to open at number one at the box office, grossing $60 million in total.[141] Jackson's performance was prasied for its "soft authority", though also described as "charming, yet bland".[142][143] In February 2008, Jackson won an Image Award for "Outstanding Supporting Actress in a Motion Picture" for the role.[144] Jackson was also approached to record the lead single for the film Rush Hour 3.[145]
2008–09: Discipline and Number Ones[edit]



 Jackson performing during the Rock Witchu Tour.
Jackson signed with Island Records after her contract with Virgin was fulfilled. She interrupted plans for touring and began recording with various producers, including Rodney "Darkchild" Jerkins, Tricky Stewart, and Stargate.[146] Her tenth studio album, Discipline, was released in February 2008, opening at number one.[9] Despite radio blacklisting, the album's first single "Feedback" peaked at number nineteen on the Hot 100 and nine on Pop Songs, her highest charting single since "Someone to Call My Lover".[73][147] The second single, "Rock With U", peaked at number four in the United Kingdom. Jackson was awarded the Vanguard Award at the 19th annual GLAAD Media Awards, honoring her contributions in promoting equal rights among the gay community.[78] The organization's president commented, "Ms. Jackson has a tremendous following inside the LGBT community and out, and having her stand with us against the defamation that LGBT people still face in our country is extremely significant."[78]
Jackson's fifth concert tour, the Rock Witchu Tour, began in September 2008.[148] Jackson parted with Island Records through mutual agreement. Billboard disclosed Jackson was dissatisfied with LA Reid's handling of the album and its promotion, saying "the label agreed to dissolve their relationship with the artist at her request."[149][150] Producer Rodney Jerkins expressed "I felt like it wasn't pushed correctly.... She just didn't get her just-do as an artist of that magnitude."[151]
In June 2009, Jackson's brother Michael died at age fifty. She spoke publicly concerning his death at the 2009 BET Awards, stating "I'd just like to say, to you, Michael is an icon, to us, Michael is family. And he will forever live in all of our hearts. On behalf of my family and myself, thank you for all of your love, thank you for all of your support. We miss him so much."[152] In an interview, she revealed she had first learned of his death while filming Why Did I Get Married Too?. Amidst mourning with her family, she focused on work to deal with the grief, avoiding any news coverage of her sibling's death. She commented, "it's still important to face reality, and not that I'm running, but sometimes you just need to get away for a second."[153] During this time, she ended her seven-year relationship with Jermaine Dupri.[153] Several months later, Jackson performed a tribute to Michael at the 2009 MTV Video Music Awards, performing their duet "Scream".[154] MTV stated "there was no one better than Janet to anchor it and send a really powerful message."[155] The performance was lauded by critics, with Entertainment Weekly affirming the rendition "as energetic as it was heartfelt".[156]
Jackson's second hits compilation, Number Ones, was released in November 2009. For promotion, she performed a medley of hits at the American Music Awards, Capital FM's Jingle Bell Ball at London's O2 arena, and The X-Factor.[157][158] The album's promotional single "Make Me", produced with Rodney "Darkchild" Jerkins, debuted in September.[159] It became Jackson's nineteenth number one on the Hot Dance Club Songs chart, making her the first artist to have number-one singles in four separate decades.[160] Later that month, Jackson chaired the inaugural benefit of amfAR, The Foundation for AIDS Research, held in Milan in conjunction with fashion week. The foundation's CEO stated "We are profoundly grateful to Janet Jackson for joining amfAR as a chair of its first event in Milan.... She brings incomparable grace and a history of dedication to the fight against AIDS."[161] The event raised a total of $1.1 million for the nonprofit organization.
2010–present: Film projects, True You, concert tour, and philanthropy[edit]
In April 2010, Jackson reprised her role in the sequel to Why Did I Get Married? titled Why Did I Get Married Too?. The film opened at number two, grossing sixty million in total.[162] Jackson's performance was hailed as "invigorating and oddly funny", and praised for her "willingness to be seen at her most disheveled".[163][164] Her performance earned an Image Award for "Outstanding Actress in a Motion Picture".[165] Jackson recorded the film's theme, "Nothing", released as a promotional single.[166] The song was performed on the ninth season finale of American Idol along with "Again" and "Nasty".[167] In July, Jackson modeled for the Blackglama clothing line featuring mink fur.[168] Jackson then helped design a signature line of clothing and accessories for Blackglama, to be sold at Saks Fifth Avenue and Bloomingdales.[169] Universal Music released the hits compilation Icon: Number Ones as the debut of the Icon compilation series.
In November 2010, Jackson starred as Joanna in the drama For Colored Girls, the film adaptation of Ntozake Shange's 1975 play For Colored Girls Who Have Considered Suicide When the Rainbow Is Enuf. The Wall Street Journal stated Jackson "recites verses written by Ntozake Shange, the author of the play that inspired the film ... But instead of offering up a mannered coffeehouse reading of the lines, Jackson makes the words sound like ordinary—though very eloquent—speech."[170] Jackson's portrayal the film was likened to Meryl Streep as Miranda Priestly in The Devil Wears Prada.[171][172] Her performance earned Black Reel Awards nominations in the categories of Outstanding Supporting Actress and Outstanding Ensemble.[173]



 Jackson performing during the Number Ones, Up Close and Personal tour.
Jackson announced plans to embark on her largest world tour in support of her second hits collection, Number Ones.[174] The tour, entitled Number Ones, Up Close and Personal, held concerts in thirty-five global cities, selected by fans who submitted suggestions on her official website.[174][174] During the tour, Jackson performed thirty-five number one hits and dedicated a song to each city.[174] Mattel released a limited-edition Barbie of Jackson titled "Divinely Janet", auctioned for over $15,000, with proceeds donated to Project Angel Food.[175] Jackson released the self-help book True You: A Journey to Finding and Loving Yourself in February 2011, co-written with David Ritz. It chronicled her struggle with weight and confidence, also publishing letters from fans. It topped The New York Times‍ '​ Best Seller list the following month.[176] Additionally, she signed a film production contract with Lions Gate Entertainment to "select, develop and produce a feature film for the independent studio."[177]
Jackson became the first female pop singer to perform at the I. M. Pei glass pyramid at the Louvre Museum, raising contributions for the restoration of iconic artwork.[178][179] Jackson was selected to endorse fashion line Blackglama for a second year, being the first celebrity in the line's history chosen to do so.[180] She partnered with the label to release a fifteen-piece collection of luxury products.[181] In 2012, Jackson endorsed Nutrisystem, sponsoring their weight-loss program after struggling with weight fluctuations in the past.[182] With the program, she donated ten million dollars in meals to the hungry.[182] She was honored by amfAR for her contributions to AIDS research when chairing the Cinema Against AIDS gala during the Cannes Film Festival.[183] She also participated in a public service announcement for UNICEF to help starving children.[184] In February 2013, Jackson announced she was married to her third husband, Qatari billionaire Wissam Al Mana, during a private ceremony the previous year.[185]
On May 15, 2015, Jackson announced plans to release a new album and to embark on a world concert tour.[186][187] She will release her new album in the fall of 2015 through BMG Rights Management and her own record label, Rhythm Nation Records.[188]
Artistry[edit]
Music and voice[edit]
Jackson has a soprano vocal range.[189] Over the course of her career, she has received frequent criticism for the limits of her vocal capabilities, especially in comparison to contemporary artists such as Whitney Houston and Mariah Carey.[190] In comparing her vocal technique to Houston and Aretha Franklin, vocal coach Roger Love states that "[w]hen Janet sings, she allows a tremendous amount of air to come through. She's obviously aiming for a sexy, sultry effect, and on one level that works nicely. But actually, it's fairly limited." He adds that while her voice is suitable for studio recording, it doesn't translate well to stage because despite having "great songs, incredible dancing, and her star like presence, the live show is still magnificent. But the voice is not the star."[191] Biographer David Ritz commented, "on Janet's albums—and in her videos and live performances, which revealed a crisp, athletic dance technique [...] singing wasn't the point," saying emphasis was placed on "her slamming beats, infectious hooks, and impeccable production values."[45] Eric Henderson of Slant magazine claimed critics opposing her small voice "somehow missed the explosive 'gimme a beat' vocal pyrotechnics she unleashes all over 'Nasty' ... Or that they completely dismissed how perfect her tremulous hesitance fits into the abstinence anthem 'Let's Wait Awhile'."[192] Classical composer Louis Andriessen has praised Jackson for her "rubato, sense of rhythm, sensitivity, and the childlike quality of her strangely erotic voice."[193] Several critics also consider her voice to often be enveloped within her music's production. Music critic J. D. Considine noted "on albums, Jackson's sound isn't defined by her voice so much as by the way her voice is framed by the lush, propulsive production of Jimmy Jam and Terry Lewis."[194] Wendy Robinson of PopMatters said "the power of Janet Jackson's voice does not lie in her pipes. She doesn't blow, she whispers ... Jackson's confectionary vocals are masterfully complemented by gentle harmonies and balanced out by pulsing rhythms, so she's never unpleasant to listen to."[195] Matthew Perpetus of Fluxblog suggested Jackson's vocal techniques as a study for indie rock music, considering it to possess "a somewhat subliminal effect on the listener, guiding and emphasizing dynamic shifts without distracting attention from its primal hooks." Perpetus added: "Her voice effortlessly transitions from a rhythmic toughness to soulful emoting to a flirty softness without overselling any aspect of her performance ... a continuum of emotions and attitudes that add up to the impression that we're listening to the expression of a fully-formed human being with contradictions and complexities."[196]




"Black Cat" (1989)







Written solely by Jackson, "Black Cat" was recorded using a mixture of Rockman and Marshall amplifier to give it a heavy metal sound. The song's lyrics convey a stance against substance abuse.

Problems playing this file? See media help.
Jackson's music has encompassed a broad range of genres. Her records from the 1980s have been described as being influenced by Prince, as her producers are ex-members of The Time.[197] Sal Cinquemani wrote that in addition to defining Top 40 radio, she "gave Prince's Minneapolis sound a distinctly feminine—and, with songs like 'What Have You Done for Me Lately?,' 'Nasty,' 'Control,' and 'Let's Wait Awhile,' a distinctly feminist—spin."[198] On Control, Richard J. Ripani documented that she, Jam and Lewis had "crafted a new sound that fuses the rhythmic elements of funk and disco, along with heavy doses of synthesizers, percussion, sound effects, and a rap music sensibility."[25] Author Rickey Vincent stated that she has often been credited for redefining the standard of popular music with the industrial-strength beats of the album.[199] She is considered a trendsetter in pop balladry, with Richard Rischar stating "the black pop ballad of the mid-1980s had been dominated by the vocal and production style that was smooth and polished, led by singers Whitney Houston, Janet Jackson, and James Ingram."[200] Jackson continued her musical development by blending pop and urban music with elements of hip-hop in the nineties. This included a softer representation, articulated by lush, soulful ballads and up-tempo dance beats.[201] She has been described as "an artist who has reshaped the sound and image of rhythm and blues" within the first decade of her career.[202] Critic Karla Peterson remarked that "she is a sharp dancer, an appealing performer, and as 'That's the Way Love Goes' proves—an ace pop-song writer."[203] Selected material from the following decade has been viewed less favorably, as Sal Cinquemani comments "except for maybe R.E.M., no other former superstar act has been as prolific with such diminishing commercial and creative returns."[198]
Jackson has changed her lyrical focus over the years, becoming the subject of analysis in musicology, African American studies, and gender studies.[204][205] David Ritz compared Jackson's musical style to Marvin Gaye's, stating, "like Marvin, autobiography seemed the sole source of her music. Her art, also like Marvin's, floated over a reservoir of secret pain."[206] Much of her success has been attributed to "a series of powerful, metallic grooves; her chirpy, multi-tracked vocals; and a lyrical philosophy built on pride and self-knowledge."[207] Ritz also stated, "The mystery is the low flame that burns around the perimeters of Janet Jackson's soul. The flame feeds off the most highly combustible elements: survival and ambition, caution and creativity, supreme confidence and dark fear."[206] During the 1980s, her lyrics embodied self-actualization, feminist principles, and politically driven ideology.[205][208] Gillian G. Gaar, author of She's a Rebel: The History of Women in Rock & Roll (2002), described Control as "an autobiographical tale about her life with her parents, her first marriage, and breaking free."[13] Encyclopedia of African American Popular Culture (2010) author Jessie Carney Smith wrote "with that album, she asserted her independence, individuality, and personal power. She challenged audiences to see her as a transformed person, from an ingénue to a grow-up, multi-talented celebrity."[209] Referring to Rhythm Nation 1814 as an embodiment of hope, Timothy E. Scheurer, author of Born in the USA: The Myth of America in Popular Music from Colonial Times to the Present (2007) wrote "It may remind some of Sly Stone prior to There's a Riot Going On and other African-American artists of the 1970s in its tacit assumption that the world imagined by Dr. King is still possible, that the American Dream is a dream for all people."[210]
On Janet, Jackson began focusing on sexual themes. Shayne Lee, author of Erotic Revolutionaries: Black Women, Sexuality, and Popular Culture (2010), wrote that her music over the following decade "brand[ed] her as one of the most sexually stimulating vocalists of the 1990s."[211] In You've Come A Long Way, Baby: Women, Politics, and Popular Culture (1996), Lilly J. Goren observed "Jackson's evolution from politically aware musician to sexy diva marked the direction that society and the music industry were encouraging the dance-rock divas to pursue."[208] The Washington Post declared Jackson's public image over the course of her career had shifted "from innocence to experience, inspiring such carnal albums as 1993's 'Janet' and 1997's 'The Velvet Rope', the latter of which explored the bonds—figuratively and literally—of love and lust."[212] The song "Free Xone" from The Velvet Rope, which portrays same-sex relationships in a positive light, is described by sociologist Shayne Lee as "a rare incident in which a popular black vocalist explores romantic or sensual energy outside the contours of heteronormativity, making it a significant song in black sexual politics."[211] During promotion for Janet, she stated "I love feeling deeply sexual—and don't mind letting the world know. For me, sex has become a celebration, a joyful part of the creative process."[24] Upon the release of Damita Jo, Jackon stated "Beginning with the earlier albums, exploring—and liberating—my sexuality has been an ongoing discovery and theme," adding "As an artist, that's not only my passion, it's my obligation."[213] Stephen Thomas Erlewine has found Jackson's consistent inclusion of sex in her music lacking ingenuity, especially in comparisons to other artists such as Prince, stating "while sex indisputably fuels much great pop music, it isn't an inherently fascinating topic for pop music—as with anything, it all depends on the artist."[214]
Videos and stage[edit]
Jackson drew inspiration for her music videos and performances from musicals she watched in her youth, and was heavily influenced by the choreography of Fred Astaire and Michael Kidd, among others.[215] Throughout her career, she has worked with and brought numerous professional choreographers to prominence, such as Tina Landon, Paula Abdul, and Michael Kidd.[216] Veronica Chambers declared, "Her impact on pop music is undeniable and far-reaching," adding, "A quick glance at the Billboard chart reveals any number of artists cast in the Janet Jackson mold." Chambers observed numerous videos which "features not only Ms. Jackson's dancers but choreography and sets remarkably like those she has used."[217] Janine Coveney of Billboard observed that "Jackson's musical declaration of independence [Control] launched a string of hits, an indelible production sound, and an enduring image cemented by groundbreaking video choreography and imagery that pop vocalists still emulate."[132] Ben Hogwood of MusicOMH applauded the "huge influence she has become on younger pretenders to her throne," most notably Britney Spears, Jennifer Lopez and Christina Aguilera.[218] Qadree EI-Amin remarked that many pop artists "pattern their performances after Janet's proven dance-diva persona."[219]



 Jackson (center) performing in the music video for "Rhythm Nation" surrounded by male and female dancers in militant unisex attire.
Beretta E. Smith-Shomade, author of Shaded Lives: African-American Women and Television (2002), wrote that "Jackson's impact on the music video sphere came largely through music sales successes, which afforded her more visual liberties and control. This assuming of control directly impacted the look and content of her music videos, giving Jackson an agency not assumed by many other artists—male or female, Black or White."[220] Parallel Lines: Media Representations of Dance (1993) documents that her videos have often been reminiscent of live concerts or elaborate musical theater.[221] Her music videos have also contributed to a higher degree of sexual freedom among young women, as Jean M. Twenge, author of Generation Me: Why Today's Young Americans are More Confident, Assertive, Entitled—and More Miserable Than Ever Before (2007), wrote "[m]usic videos by female artists have contributed to the trend" of young women enganging in oral sex with Jackson "heavily implying male-on-female oral sex in music videos by pushing down on a man's head until he's in exactly the right position."[222] However, accusations of cosmetic surgery, skin lightening, and increasingly hypersexual imagery have led to her being viewed as conforming to a white, male-dominated view of sexuality, rather than liberating herself or others.[220] Jakcson received the MTV Video Vanguard Award for her contributions to the art form, and became the first recipient of the MTV Icon tribute, celebrating her impact on the music industry as a whole. In 2003, Slant Magazine named "Rhythm Nation" and "Got 'til It's Gone" among the 100 Greatest Music Videos of all time, ranked at number 87 and number 10, respectively.[223][224] In 2011, "Rhythm Nation" was voted the tenth best music video of the 1980s by Billboard.[225]
The Independent writer Nicholas Barber stated "Janet's concerts are the pop equivalent of a summer blockbuster movie, with all the explosions, special effects, ersatz sentimentality, gratuitous cleavage and emphasis on spectacle over coherence that the term implies."[226] Jet magazine reported "Janet's innovative stage performances during her world tours have won her a reputation as a world-class performer."[227] Chris Willman of Los Angeles Times stated the "enthralling" choreography of Jackson's Rhythm Nation 1814 Tour "represents the pinnacle of what can be done in the popping 'n' locking style—a rapid-fire mixture of rigidly jerky and gracefully fluid movements."[228] When Jackson was asked "do you understand it when people talk about [The Velvet Rope Tour] in terms of Broadway?", she responded, "I'm crazy about Broadway ... That's what I grew up on."[79] Her "Number Ones: Up Close and Personal" tour deviated from the full-scale theatrics found in her previous concert arena settings in favor of smaller venues. Critics noted being scaled down did not affect the impact of her showmanship, and in some cases, enhanced it. Greg Kot of the Chicago Tribune wrote, "In past tours, Jackson's thin voice was often swallowed up by the sheer size of her production ... In the more scaled-down setting, Jackson brought a warmth and a passion that wasn't always evident in stadiums ... the best Janet Jackson performance I've covered in 20-plus years."[229]
Thor Christensen of The Dallas Morning News reported Jackson often lip syncs in concert; he wrote: "Janet Jackson—one of pop's most notorious onstage lip-syncers—conceded ... she uses 'some' taped vocals to augment her live vocals. But she refused to say what percentage of her concert 'voice' is taped and how much is live."[230] Michael MacCambridge of the Austin American-Statesman, who reviewed Jackson's Rhythm Nation World Tour, described lip-syncing as a "moot point", stating "Jackson was frequently singing along with her own pre-recorded vocals, to achieve a sound closer to radio versions of singles."[231] MacCambridge also observed "it seemed unlikely that anyone—even a prized member of the First Family of Soul Music—could dance like she did for 90 minutes and still provide the sort of powerful vocals that the '90s super concerts are expected to achieve."[231] Similarly, Chris Willman commented, "even a classically trained vocalist would be hard-pressed to maintain any sort of level of volume—or, more appropriately, 'Control'—while bounding up and down stairs and whipping limbs in unnatural directions at impeccable, breakneck speed."[228] Critics observed that in the smaller scale of her "Number Ones: Up Close and Personal" tour, she forewent lip-syncing.[232] Chris Richards of The Washington Post stated "even at its breathiest, that delicate voice hasn't lost the laserlike precision."[233]
Influences[edit]
Jackson describes Lena Horne as a profound inspiration, for entertainers of several generations as well as herself. Upon Horne's death, she stated "[Horne] brought much joy into everyone's lives—even the younger generations, younger than myself. She was such a great talent. She opened up such doors for artists like myself."[234] Similarly, she considers Dorothy Dandridge to be one of her idols.[235] Jackson has declared herself "a very big Joni Mitchell fan", explaining "As a kid I was drawn to Joni Mitchell records [...] Joni's songs spoke to me in an intimate, personal way."[236][237] She holds reference for Tina Turner, stating "Tina has become a heroic figure for many people, especially women, because of her tremendous strength. Personally, Tina doesn't seem to have a beginning or an end in my life. I felt her music was always there, and I feel like it always will be."[238] She has also named other socially conscious acts, such as Tracy Chapman, Sly and the Family Stone, U2, and Bob Dylan as sources of inspiration.[13][239] In her early career, Jackson credited her brothers Michael and Jermaine as musical influences.[206] According to Rolling Stone, other artists attributed as influences are The Ronettes, Dionne Warwick, Tammi Terrell, and Diana Ross.[240]
Legacy[edit]
See also: List of awards and nominations received by Janet Jackson, Janet Jackson as gay icon and Artists influenced by Janet Jackson
The youngest sister of the "precious Jackson clan",[241] Janet Jackson has striven to distance her professional career from that of her older brother Michael and the rest of the Jackson family. Steve Dollar of Newsday wrote that "[s]he projects that home girl-next-door quality that belies her place as the youngest sibling in a family whose inner and outer lives have been as poked at, gossiped about, docudramatized and hard-copied as the Kennedys."[242] Phillip McCarthy of The Sydney Morning Herald noted that throughout her recording career, one of her common conditions for interviewers has been that there would be no mention of Michael.[243] Joshua Klein wrote, "[f]or the first half of her recording career, Janet Jackson sounded like an artist with something to prove. Emerging in 1982 just as big brother Michael was casting his longest shadow, Jackson filled her albums not so much with songs as with declarations, from 'The Pleasure Principle' to the radical-sounding 'Rhythm Nation' to the telling statement of purpose, 'Control'."[212] Steve Huey of Allmusic asserted that despite being born into a family of entertainers, Janet Jackson has managed to emerge a "superstar" in her own right, rivaling not only several female recording artists including Madonna and Whitney Houston, but also her brother, while "successfully [shifting] her image from a strong, independent young woman to a sexy, mature adult."[244] By forging her own unique identity through her artistry and her business ventures, she has been esteemed as the "Queen of Pop".[47][245] Klein argued that "stardom was not too hard to predict, but few could have foreseen that Janet—Miss Jackson, if you're nasty—would one day replace Michael as true heir to the Jackson family legacy.".[212]



 Jackson performing on Number Ones, Up Close and Personal.
She has also been recognized for playing a pivotal role in crossing racial boundaries in the recording industry, where black artists were once considered to be substandard.[246] In Right to Rock: The Black Rock Coalition and the Cultural Politics of Race (2004), author Maureen Mahon states: "In the 1980s, Whitney Houston, Michael Jackson, Janet Jackson, and Prince were among the African American artists who crossed over ... When black artists cross over into pop success they cease to be black in the industry sense of the word. They get promoted from racialized black music to universal pop music in an economically driven process of racial transcendence."[247] Routledge International Encyclopedia of Women: Global Women's Issues and Knowledge (2000) documented that Jackson, along with other prominent African-American women, had achieved financial breakthroughs in mainstream popular music, receiving "superstar status" in the process.[43] She, alongside her contemporaries "offered viable creative, intellectual, and business paths for establishing and maintaining agency, lyrical potency, marketing and ownership."[248] Her business savvy has been compared to that of Madonna, gaining a level of autonomy which enables "creative latitude and access to financial resources and mass-market distribution."[249][250] A model of reinvention, author Jessie Carney Smith wrote that "Janet has continued to test the limits of her transformative power", receiving accolades in music, film and concert tours throughout the course of her career.[209]
Musicologist Richard J. Ripani identified Jackson as a leader in the development of contemporary R&B, as her music created a unique blend of genre and sound effects which ushered in the use of rap vocals into mainstream R&B.[25] He also argues her signature song "Nasty" influenced the new jack swing genre developed by Teddy Riley.[25] Leon McDermott of the Sunday Herald wrote: "Her million-selling albums in the 1980s helped invent contemporary R&B through Jimmy Jam and Terry Lewis's muscular, lean production; the sinuous grooves threaded through 1986's Control and 1989's Rhythm Nation 1814 are the foundation upon which today's hot shot producers and singers rely."[251] In Bring the Noise: 20 Years of Writing About Hip Rock and Hip Hop (2011), Simon Reynolds described Jackson's collaborations with her record producers as a reinvention of the dance-pop genre, introducing a new sonic palate.[252] Den Berry, Virgin Records CEO and Chairman stated: "Janet is the very embodiment of a global superstar. Her artistic brilliance and personal appeal transcend geographic, cultural and generational boundaries."[253] In July 1999, she placed at number 77 on VH1's "100 Greatest Women of Rock and Roll".[254] She also placed at number 134 on their list of the "200 Greatest Pop Culture Icons of All Time",[255] number seven on the "100 Greatest Women In Music",[256] and at number two on the "50 Greatest Women of the Video Era", behind Madonna.[257] In March 2008, Business Wire reported "Janet Jackson is one of the top ten selling artists in the history of contemporary music; ranked by Billboard magazine as the ninth most successful act in rock and roll history, and the second most successful female artist in pop music history."[258] She is the only female artist in the history of the Hot 100 to have 18 consecutive top ten hit singles, from "Miss You Much" (1989) to "I Get Lonely" (1998).[3] The magazine ranked her at number seven on their Hot 100 50th Anniversary "All-Time Top Artists", making her the third most successful female artist in the history of the chart, following Madonna and Mariah Carey.[259] In November 2010, Billboard released its "Top 50 R&B / Hip-Hop Artists of the Past 25 Years" list and ranked her at number five.[260] She ranks as the top artist on the chart with 15 number ones in the past twenty-five years, garnering 27 top ten hits between 1985 and 2001, and 33 consecutive top 40 hits from 1985 through 2004.[260] The most awarded artist in the history of the Billboard Music Awards with 33 wins, she is one an elite group of musical acts, such as Madonna, Aerosmith, Garth Brooks and Eric Clapton, whom Billboard credits for "redefining the landscape of popular music."[3][261] In November 2014, Jackson was voted 'Queen of Pop' by a poll conducted online by VH1.com.[262]
Jackson's music and choreography have inspired numerous performers. Virgin Records executive Lee Trink expressed: "Janet is an icon and historic figure in our culture. She's one of those gifted artists that people look up to, that people emulate, that people want to believe in ... there's not that many superstars that stand the test of time."[132] Sarah Rodman of the Boston Herald remarked: "For every hand-fluttering, overwrought, melisma addict out there aping Mariah's dog calls, there's an equal number trying to match Jackson's bubbling grooves and fancy footwork, including Britney, Aaliyah and Destiny's Child."[263] Music critic Gene Stout commented she "has so broadly influenced a younger generation of performers, from Jennifer Lopez ... to Britney Spears, who has copied so many of Jackson's dance moves."[264] 'N Sync and Usher have credited her for teaching them how to develop stage show into theatrical performance.[265][266] Beyoncé Knowles,[267] Toni Braxton,[268] Aaliyah,[269] Britney Spears,[270] Christina Aguilera,[271] Crystal Kay,[272] Kelly Rowland,[273] Rihanna,[274] and Brazilian singer Kelly Key[275] have all named her as one of their biggest inspirations, while others such as Rozonda "Chilli" Thomas of TLC,[276] Cassie,[277] Nicki Minaj,[278] Keri Hilson,[279] and DJ/singer Havana Brown,[280] have all expressed desire to emulate her. Elysa Gardner of USA Today wrote: "Jackson claims not to be bothered by the brigade of barely post-adolescent baby divas who have been inspired by—and, in some cases, have flagrantly aped—the sharp, animated choreography and girlish but decidedly post-feminist feistiness that have long been hallmarks of her performance style."[281] Those who are considered to have followed in her footsteps have been referred to as "Janet-come-lately's."[282][283] Other artists who have drawn comparison to her include Mýa,[284] Brandy,[285] Tatyana Ali,[286] Christina Milian,[287] Lady Gaga,[288] Namie Amuro,[289] and BoA.[290] Sociologist Shayne Lee commented that "[a]s Janet enters the twilight of her reign as erotic Queen of Pop, Beyoncé Knowles emerges as her likely successor."[211] Joan Morgan of Essence magazine remarked: "Jackson's Control, Rhythm Nation 1814 and janet. established the singer-dancer imprimatur standard in pop culture we now take for granted. So when you're thinking of asking Miss Jackson, 'What have you done for me lately?' remember that Britney, Ciara and Beyoncé live in the house that Janet built."[291]
Discography[edit]
Main article: Janet Jackson discography
Janet Jackson (1982)
Dream Street (1984)
Control (1986)
Janet Jackson's Rhythm Nation 1814 (1989)
janet. (1993)
The Velvet Rope (1997)
All for You (2001)
Damita Jo (2004)
20 Y.O. (2006)
Discipline (2008)
Filmography[edit]
See also: Janet Jackson videography
Poetic Justice (1993)
Nutty Professor II: The Klumps (2000)
Why Did I Get Married? (2007)
Why Did I Get Married Too? (2010)
For Colored Girls (2010)
Tours[edit]
Rhythm Nation World Tour (1990)
Janet World Tour (1993–95)
The Velvet Rope Tour (1998–99)
All for You Tour (2001–02)
Rock Witchu Tour (2008)
Number Ones, Up Close and Personal World Tour (2011)
Books[edit]
True You: A Journey to Finding and Loving Yourself (2011)
See also[edit]
Book icon Book: Janet Jackson

Honorific nicknames in popular music
List of best-selling music artists
List of best-selling music artists in the United States
List of artists who reached number one in the United States


Janet Jackson.jpgJanet Jackson portal
 Michael and Janet Jackson collection.jpgThe Jackson Family portal
 

References[edit]
Footnotes[edit]
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231.^ Jump up to: a b MacCambridge, Michael (July 6, 1990), "A lesson in `Control' // Janet Jackson delivers precise, sparkling show", Austin American-Statesman: B.8
232.Jump up ^ Ratliff, Ben (March 20, 2011), "First-Person Reflections on a Pop Career", The New York Times, retrieved April 1, 2011
233.Jump up ^ Chris Richards (March 23, 2011), "Janet Jackson lets fans see her sweat with energized Constitution Hall show", The Washington Post, retrieved April 1, 2011
234.Jump up ^ "Sultry songstress Lena Horne dies", The Washington Times, May 10, 2010, retrieved July 12, 2010
235.Jump up ^ Liz Smith (June 4, 1993), "Janet Jackson as Dandridge?", Los Angeles Times: 2, ISSN 0458-3035
236.Jump up ^ Penn, Roberta (September 5, 1997), "Janet Jackson digs deep and gets personal in latest album", The Fresno Bee: E.4, ISSN 0889-6070
237.Jump up ^ "Janet Jackson Returns with Hit Album and New Look", Jet 92 (26), November 17, 1997: 60
238.Jump up ^ "The Immortals – The Greatest Artists of All Time: 61) Tina Turner", Rolling Stone, April 22, 2005, retrieved April 26, 2009
239.Jump up ^ Kevin Phinney (September 21, 1989), "Jackson takes control on latest album // Songstress instrumental in signing producers, writing lyrics for `Rhythm Nation'", Austin American-Statesman: F.2
240.Jump up ^ "Janet Jackson: Rolling Stone", Rolling Stone, 2008, archived from the original on April 19, 2008, retrieved April 23, 2008
241.Jump up ^ Strong, Martin (2004), The Great Rock Discography: Complete Discographies Listing Every Track, Canongate U.S., p. 749, ISBN 1-84195-615-5
242.Jump up ^ Steve Dollar (2000-07-23), "A Little Help From Her Friends", Newsday: D.07
243.Jump up ^ McCarthy, Phillip (2008-02-25), "The Sun Herald — Don't mention Michael", Sydney Morning Herald, retrieved 2010-10-22
244.Jump up ^ Huey, Steve (2008), Janet Jackson > Biography, Allmusic, retrieved 2008-06-07
245.Jump up ^ Janet Jackson is a big deal these days, the Queen of Pop, though we can still call her by her first name. So little is she trading off the fame of her brother, so completely has she become her own thing, she has all but abandoned the family name. Tour posters, tickets and recent album — all say, quite simply "Janet", and leave it at that. Smith, Giles (1996-04-21), "Slow riffs, fast riffs, midriffs", The Independent: 26, ISSN 0951-9467
246.Jump up ^ Over the next few years, a significant proportion of music industry revenues were generated by a handful of superstar artists; in addition to Michael Jackson, there were Lionel Richie, Madonna, Prince, Bruce Springsteen, Whitney Houston, Tina Turner, Wham!, Phil Collins, Steve Winwood, Huey Lewis and the News, the Pointer Sisters, Janet Jackson, Anita Baker, and a handful of others. A surprising number of the new superstars were black. This was perhaps the first hint that the greater cosmopolitanism of a world market might produce some changes in the complexion of popular music. Garofalo, Reebee (1999), "From Music Publishing to MP3: Music and Industry in the Twentieth Century", American Music 17 (3): 343, doi:10.2307/3052666
247.Jump up ^ Mahon, Maureen (2004), Right to Rock: The Black Rock Coalition and the Cultural Politics of Race, Duke University Press, p. 163, ISBN 978-0-8223-3317-3
248.Jump up ^ Smith-Shomade, Beretta E. (2002), Shaded lives: African-American women and television, Rutgers University Press, p. 181, ISBN 978-0-8135-3105-2
249.Jump up ^ Millner, Denene (1996-01-12), "Dueling Divas Top Five Singers Slug It Out To See Who's The Real Queen Of Pop", Daily News (New York), retrieved 2009-10-15
250.Jump up ^ DeCurtis, Anthony (1992), Present tense: rock & roll and culture, Duke University Press, p. 257, ISBN 978-0-8223-1265-9
251.Jump up ^ McDermott, Leon (2004-03-28), "Going bust?; Damita Jo ought to have been Janet Jackson's big comeback album, says Leon McDermott, but after that incident at the Super Bowl will America forgive her?", Sunday Herald: 3
252.Jump up ^ Simon Reynolds (2011), Bring the Noise: 20 Years of Writing About Hip Rock and Hip Hop, Soft Skull Press, p. 226, ISBN 9781593764012
253.Jump up ^ "Janet Jackson Renews Contract With Virgin Records For Blockbuster Deal", Jet 89 (13): 35, ISSN 0021-5996
254.Jump up ^ J.D. Considine (1999-07-25), "Ranking the Women of 'Rock'", The Baltimore Sun: 2.F
255.Jump up ^ 200 Greatest Pop Culture Icons of All Time, VH1, retrieved 2011-02-28
256.Jump up ^ VH1's 100 Greatest Women In Music, VH1, 2012-02-13, retrieved 2012-02-22
257.Jump up ^ 50 Greatest Women of the Video Era, VH1, retrieved 2011-02-28
258.Jump up ^ UOMO Producer Helps Propel Janet Jackson to #1 in the US, Business Wire, 2008-03-10
259.Jump up ^ "Billboard Hot 100 Chart 50th Anniversary", Billboard, retrieved 2009-10-01
260.^ Jump up to: a b Trust, Gary; Caulfield, Keith; Ramirez, Rauly (2010-11-18), "The Top 50 R&B / Hip-Hop Artists of the Past 25 Years — Billboard Underground", Billboard, retrieved 2010-11-18
261.Jump up ^ Nick Goumond (2011-04-14), Rihanna, Eminem, Lady Gaga score double digit Billboard Music Awards noms, goldderby.com, retrieved 2011-04-16
262.Jump up ^ http://www.vh1.com/music/tuner/2014-11-07/winner-vh1-pop-queen-faceoff
263.Jump up ^ Rodman, Sarah (2001-08-24), "Music; Has Janet Jackson earned her diva wings?; Two FleetCenter shows are just one criterion", Boston Herald: S03
264.Jump up ^ Stout, Gene (2001-07-16), "Janet Jackson's Steamy Album Leaves Room For Romance", Seattle Post-Intelligencer: 8, ISSN 0745-970X
265.Jump up ^ Valdéz, Mimi (August 2001), "Show and prove", Vibe 9 (8): 116, ISSN 1070-4701
266.Jump up ^ Chris Nickson (2005), Usher:The Godson of Soul, Simon and Schuster, p. 39, ISBN 978-1-4169-0922-4
267.Jump up ^ Murray, Sonia (2006-08-18), "Janet & Beyonce: Rivals or not, the stars share surprising similarities", The Atlanta Journal and Constitution: F.1, ISSN 1539-7459 Check date values in: |year= / |date= mismatch (help)
268.Jump up ^ Michael A. Gonzales (July 1997), "Toni's Secret", Vibe 5 (5): 92, ISSN 1070-4701
269.Jump up ^ Sutherland, William (2005), Aaliyah Remembered, Trafford Publishing, p. 9, ISBN 978-1-4120-5062-3
270.Jump up ^ Mark Brown (2001-11-12), "In Her Own Words ; What's a Critic To Do When Britney Says it All?", Rocky Mountain News: 8.D
271.Jump up ^ Dominguez, Pier (2003), Christina Aguilera: A Star is Made : The Unauthorized Biography, Amber Books Publishing, p. 26, ISBN 978-0-9702224-5-9
272.Jump up ^ "Now Hear This Yokohama-based teen pop singer among the promising", Asahi Evening News, 2003-01-01: 1, ISSN 0025-2816
273.Jump up ^ "Five Minutes With: Kelly Rowland", Lincolnshire Echo, 2010-07-01: 11
274.Jump up ^ Collins, Hattie (2009-11-29), "Janet Jackson on surviving the family circus and missing Michael", The Sunday Times (UK), retrieved 2009-11-28
275.Jump up ^ "Kelly Key busca o sucesso de Christina Aguilera, Jennifer Lopez, Britney Spears, Madonna e Janet Jackson". Universo Musical. Retrieved January 7, 2012.
276.Jump up ^ Sonia Murray (1999-07-12), "TLC: Struggling in the Spotlightnot", Austin American-Statesman: E.1
277.Jump up ^ Bobbin, Jay (2006-08-09), "Imitation nation ; World of pop music filled with copycats", Chicago Tribune: 54, ISSN 1085-6706
278.Jump up ^ Jessica Herndon (2010-12-06), "Nicki Minaj's Top 5 Style Idols", People 74 (21): 58, ISSN 0093-7673
279.Jump up ^ Keri Hilson — Keri Hilson Respects Tlc's Image, Contactmusic.com, 2011-06-06, retrieved 2011-06-06
280.Jump up ^ Lauren Alpe (2011-06-13), Interview — Havana Brown, MTV News, retrieved 2011-06-13
281.Jump up ^ Elysa Gardner (2000-07-28), "Luscious Jackson", USA Today: 1.E, ISSN 0734-7456
282.Jump up ^ While her vocal skills are at least as decent as Britney Spears and the other Janet-come-latelys, it's Jackson's skills as an entertainer—and commanding stage presence—that make her so deserving of the spotlight. Gemma Tarlach (2001-10-17), "Janet Jackson takes her place as Queen of Pop", Milwaukee Journal Sentinel: 12.B
283.Jump up ^ Most disappointing was crunk princess Ciara. The Janet-come-lately and her octet of dance-floor acrobats moved with ferocious elegance to tracks like 'Goodies,' but the singer had glaring microphone problems when she spoke—tediously, about the 'importance' of her upcoming sophomore album. Sarah Rodman (2006-10-31), "MonsterJam Lacks Star Power", Boston Globe: E.7, ISSN 0743-1791
284.Jump up ^ Chuck Taylor (2000-11-18), "Mya: For Free", Billboard 112 (47): 1, ISSN 0006-2510
285.Jump up ^ Afrodisiac > Overview, Allmusic, 2006, retrieved 2009-02-22
286.Jump up ^ Kiss the Sky > Overview, Allmusic, 2006, retrieved 2009-02-22
287.Jump up ^ Barry Walters (July 2004), "It's About Time", Rolling Stone: 120, ISSN 0035-791X
288.Jump up ^ Kyle Anderson (2010-09-10), Lady Gaga Just Like 'Madonna And Janet Jackson,' Says Mark Ronson, MTV, retrieved 2011-06-08
289.Jump up ^ Kishin Shinoyama (Oct 2000), "Tokyo glamorama", Harper's Bazaar: 312
290.Jump up ^ "Korean Pop Star BoA Prepares U.S. Takeover", Rap-Up, retrieved 2011-04-19
291.Jump up ^ Joan Morgan (August 2010), "Before Sunset", Essence: 106
Sources[edit]
Brackett, Nathan. Hoard, Christian David. The New Rolling Stone Album Guide. Simon & Schuster, 2004. ISBN 0-7432-0169-8
Cornwell, Jane. Janet Jackson. Carlton Books, 2002. ISBN 1-84222-464-6
Cullen, Jim. Popular Culture in American History. Blackwell Publishing, 2001. ISBN 0-631-21958-7
Cutcher, Jenai. Feel the Beat: Dancing in Music Videos. The Rosen Publishing Group, 2003. ISBN 0-8239-4558-8
Dean, Maury. Rock-N-Roll Gold Rush. Algora Publishing, 2003. ISBN 0-87586-207-1
DeCurtis, Anthony. Present tense: rock & roll and culture. Duke University Press, 1992. ISBN 978-0-8223-1265-9
Gaar, Gillian G. She's a rebel: the history of women in rock & roll. Seal Press, 2002. ISBN 1-58005-078-6
Gates, Henry Louis. Appiah, Anthony. Africana: The Encyclopedia of the African and African American. Basic Civitas Books, 1999. ISBN 0-465-00071-1
Goren, Lilly. You've Come A Long Way, Baby: Women, Politics, and Popular Culture. University Press of Kentucky, 2009. ISBN 978-0-8131-2544-2
Halstead, Craig. Cadman, Chris. Jacksons Number Ones. Authors On Line, 2003. ISBN 0-7552-0098-5
Jaynes, Gerald David. Encyclopedia of African American Society. Sage Publications, 2005. ISBN 0-7619-2764-6
Kramarae, Cheris. Spender, Dale. Routledge International Encyclopedia of Women: Global Women's Issues and Knowledge. Routledge, 2000. ISBN 0-415-92091-4
Mitoma, Judy. Mitoma, Judith. Zimmer, Elizabeth. Stieber, Dale Ann. Heinonen, Nelli. Shaw, Norah Zuniga. Envisioning dance on film and video. Routledge, 2002. ISBN 0-415-94171-7
Reynolds, Simon. Press, Joy. The Sex Revolts: Gender, Rebellion, and Rock 'n' Roll. Harvard University Press, 1996. ISBN 978-0-674-80273-5
Ripani, Richard J. The New Blue Music: Changes in Rhythm & Blues, 1950–1999 University Press of Mississippi, 2006. ISBN 1-57806-862-2
Smith, Jessie Carney. Notable Black American Women, Volume 2. Gale, 1996. ISBN 978-0-8103-9177-2
Starr, Larry. Waterman, Christopher Alan. American Popular Music: The Rock Years. Oxford University Press, 2006. ISBN 978-0-19-530052-9
Strong, Martin Charles. The Great Rock Discography: Complete Discographies Listing Every Track Recorded by More Than 1200 Artists. Canongate U.S., 2004. ISBN 1-84195-615-5
Vincent, Rickey. Clinton, George. Funk: The Music, The People, and The Rhythm of The One. Macmillan, 1996. ISBN 0-312-13499-1
Further reading[edit]
Bronson, Fred. The Billboard Book of Number One Hits. Billboard Books, 2003. ISBN 0-8230-7677-6
Hyatt, Wesley. The Billboard Book of Number One Adult Contemporary Hits. Billboard Books, 1999. ISBN 0-8230-7693-8
Warner, Jay. On this Day in Black Music History. Hal Leonard, 2006. ISBN 0-634-09926-4
External links[edit]
 Wikimedia Commons has media related to Janet Jackson.
Official website
Janet Jackson at the Internet Movie Database
Janet Jackson at AllMusic


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 MusicBrainz: 6be2828f-6c0d-4059-99d4-fa18acf1a296
 

  


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John-Paul Langbroek

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The Honourable
John-Paul Langbroek
MP
Jplangbroek.jpg
Deputy Leader of the Opposition of Queensland
Incumbent
Assumed office
 14 February 2015
Leader
Lawrence Springborg
Preceded by
Tim Mulherin
Minister for Education, Training and Employment of Queensland
In office
 3 April 2012 – 14 February 2015
Premier
Campbell Newman
Preceded by
Cameron Dick (Education)
Stirling Hinchliffe (Employment)
Succeeded by
Kate Jones (Education)
Yvette D'Ath (Training)
Curtis Pitt (Employment)
Leader of the Opposition of Queensland
In office
 2 April 2009 – 11 April 2011
Deputy
Lawrence Springborg
Preceded by
Lawrence Springborg
Succeeded by
Jeff Seeney
Leader of the Liberal National Party
In office
 2 April 2009 – 11 April 2011
Deputy
Lawrence Springborg
Preceded by
Lawrence Springborg
Succeeded by
Campbell Newman
Member of the Queensland Parliament
 for Surfers Paradise
Incumbent
Assumed office
 7 February 2004
Preceded by
Lex Bell
Personal details

Born
John-Paul Honoré Langbroek
 31 January 1961 (age 54)
Assen, Netherlands
Political party
Liberal National Party
Spouse(s)
Stacey Langbroek
Nickname(s)
JP
John-Paul Honoré Langbroek (born 31 January 1961) is an Australian politician who has been a member of the Legislative Assembly of Queensland representing the centre-right Liberal Party and its successor, the centre-right Liberal National Party, in the seat of Surfers Paradise since 2004. He was Leader of the Opposition and parliamentary leader of the LNP from 2009 to 2011—the first person from the Liberal side of the merger to hold the post. He was a minister in the Newman government before its defeat at the 2015 state election. Langbroek is now deputy leader of the opposition while Lawrence Springborg is Opposition leader.


Contents  [hide]
1 Early life
2 Early career
3 Leader of the opposition
4 Personal
5 References
6 External links

Early life[edit]
Langbroek was born in Assen in the Netherlands. He and his sister, Melbourne-based media personality Kate Langbroek, grew up as the only two children of Jehovah's Witnesses. His family emigrated to Australia in mid 1961, just months after his birth. The family travelled around rural Queensland where Langbroek Sr worked at various schools.
Early career[edit]
A graduate of Sunnybank State High School, he went on to study at the University of Queensland, receiving an honours degree in dental science.[1] At university he showed no early sign of an interest in politics, describing his student days at the University of Queensland as being "toga parties, Lacoste shirts and university japes".[2]
He finished his degree in 1983 and departed for London where he met his wife Stacey. He won the state seat of Surfers Paradise from one-term independent MP Lex Bell at the 2004 state election and Bell had previously defeated him in the 2001 by-election for the seat. The Surfers Paradise by-election was triggered by the resignation of the previous member, former National Party Premier Rob Borbidge who had just led the Coalition to a landslide defeat in the general election earlier in 2001. Although unsuccessful Langbroek did win a lion's share of the vote that Borbidge had won as the National Party candidate at the aforementioned election. As a result the National Party never contested again Surfers Paradise prior to the merger of the Liberal and National Parties into the Liberal National Party.[3] As an MP he had served in the opposition shadow ministry for a number of years. He has held various shadow portfolios, including health, public works, mines and energy and immediately before his ascension to the leadership he has served as Shadow Minister for Education and Skills and Shadow Minister for the Arts from 12 August 2008.[4]
Leader of the opposition[edit]
Langbroek was elected leader of the LNP following the 2009 state election after the LNP's first leader, Lawrence Springborg, announced his retirement. Langbroek named Springborg as his deputy.[5] Polling for much of 2009 and 2010 showed the LNP ahead of Labor on the two-party vote, and Langbroek consistently led incumbent Labor Premier Anna Bligh as preferred premier. However, after Labor's numbers rebounded in the wake of the Queensland floods, Langbroek came under growing pressure from the LNP's organisational wing to stand down.[6] According to Nine News Queensland's Spencer Jolly, LNP president Bruce McIver was trying to engineer a by-election to get Brisbane Lord Mayor Campbell Newman, also from the Liberal side of the merger, elected to the legislature so Newman could challenge Langbroek for the LNP leadership.[7]
On 22 March 2011, Newman announced he would be seeking pre-selection for the seat of Ashgrove, and would challenge for the LNP leadership if successful. Later that day, Langbroek and Springborg announced their resignations as leader and deputy leader, respectively.[8] While a February poll showed the LNP with 55 percent two-party support—enough to make Langbroek premier—internal Coalition polling suggested that under Newman, the LNP would win government "in a canter".[9] As late as the previous day, Langbroek had insisted that he would not resign, and even demanded that McIver and the rest of the organisational wing either back down from their attempts to push him out or resign themselves. He appeared to have the support of most of the party room as well. However, within hours of Newman's announcement, Langbroek gave way.[6]
Newman appointed Langbroek Shadow Police Minister in his Shadow Cabinet.[10]
Personal[edit]
Langbroek is married and has three children. Although he has not shown a clear rejection of his parents' religion (Jehovah's Witnesses), he does not discuss the topic at length.[2] He has expressed the pain of having a relative with motor neurone disease. Describing the disease as having "destroyed his family", causing his 58-year-old brother-in-law to need constant nursing and causing potentially fatal weight loss.[11]
References[edit]
1.Jump up ^ [1][dead link]
2.^ Jump up to: a b Andrew Fraser and Sean Parnell (3 April 2009). "Dentist in the chair". Theaustralian.news.com.au. Retrieved 3 February 2011.
3.Jump up ^ http://www.abc.net.au/elections/qld/2012/guide/surf.htm
4.Jump up ^ "John-Paul Langbroek Biography". Parliament.qld.gov.au. Retrieved 3 February 2011.
5.Jump up ^ Rosemary Odgers and Steven Wardill (3 April 2009). "New LNP leader John Paul Langbroek warns dissidents". News.com.au. Retrieved 3 February 2011.
6.^ Jump up to: a b Newman's bid for leadership. 7.30 (ABC News), 22 March 2011.
7.Jump up ^ Knives out for Langbroek. Nine News Queensland, 17 March 2011.
8.Jump up ^ LNP leader John-Paul Langbroek quits as Campbell Newman announces he will enter state politics, Courier Mail, 22 March 2011.
9.Jump up ^ Campbell Newman's Queensland coup. 6PM with George Negus (Ten News), 22 March 2011.
10.Jump up ^ "Opposition Appointments to the Queensland Parliament as of 11 April 2011" (PDF). Retrieved 21 March 2012.
11.Jump up ^ "LNP leader John-Paul Langbroek keen to bite on Labor". Brisbanetimes.com.au. 2 April 2009. Retrieved 3 February 2011.
External links[edit]
Official Website
Liberal National Party Page for John-Paul Langbroek

Political offices
Preceded by
Tim Mulherin Deputy Leader of the Opposition of Queensland
 2015–present Incumbent
Preceded by
Cameron Dick Minister for Education of Queensland
 2012–2015 Succeeded by
Kate Jones
Preceded by
Stirling Hinchliffe
as Minister for Employment and Skills Minister for Training and Employment of Queensland
 2012–present Succeeded by
Curtis Pitt
as Minister for Employment
Preceded by
Lawrence Springborg Leader of the Opposition of Queensland
 2009–2011 Succeeded by
Jeff Seeney
Parliament of Queensland
Preceded by
Lex Bell Member for Surfers Paradise
 2004–present Incumbent
Party political offices
Preceded by
Lawrence Springborg Leader of the Liberal National Party of Queensland
 2009–2011 Succeeded by
Campbell Newman
Preceded by
Jeff Seeney Deputy Leader of the Liberal National Party of Queensland
 2015–present Incumbent


[hide]
v ·
 t ·
 e
 
Current Members of the Legislative Assembly of Queensland


Labor (43)
Mark Bailey ·
 Nikki Boyd ·
 Don Brown ·
 Glenn Butcher ·
 Bill Byrne ·
 Craig Crawford ·
 Yvette D'Ath ·
 Mick de Brenni ·
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 Leanne Donaldson ·
 Leeanne Enoch ·
 Di Farmer ·
 Shannon Fentiman ·
 Mark Furner ·
 Julieanne Gilbert ·
 Grace Grace ·
 Aaron Harper ·
 Stirling Hinchliffe ·
 Jennifer Howard ·
 Kate Jones ·
 Joe Kelly ·
 Shane King ·
 Brittany Lauga ·
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 Anthony Lynham ·
 Jim Madden ·
 Steven Miles ·
 Jo-Ann Miller ·
 Coralee O'Rourke ·
 Annastacia Palaszczuk ·
 Jim Pearce ·
 Joan Pease ·
 Duncan Pegg ·
 Curtis Pitt ·
 Linus Power ·
 Rob Pyne ·
 Peter Russo ·
 Mark Ryan ·
 Bruce Saunders ·
 Scott Stewart ·
 Jackie Trad ·
 Chris Whiting ·
 Rick Williams
 

Liberal National (42)
Verity Barton ·
 Ros Bates ·
 Stephen Bennett ·
 Jarrod Bleijie ·
 Mark Boothman ·
 Jason Costigan ·
 Sid Cramp ·
 Michael Crandon ·
 Andrew Cripps ·
 Tracy Davis ·
 Steve Dickson ·
 Glen Elmes ·
 Scott Emerson ·
 Deb Frecklington ·
 Michael Hart ·
 Jon Krause ·
 John-Paul Langbroek ·
 Dale Last ·
 Ann Leahy ·
 Tim Mander ·
 Mark McArdle ·
 Matt McEachan ·
 John McVeigh ·
 Lachlan Millar ·
 Steve Minnikin ·
 Rob Molhoek ·
 Tim Nicholls ·
 Tony Perrett ·
 Andrew Powell ·
 Ian Rickuss ·
 Mark Robinson ·
 Christian Rowan ·
 Jeff Seeney ·
 Fiona Simpson ·
 Tarnya Smith ·
 Ted Sorensen ·
 Lawrence Springborg ·
 Ray Stevens ·
 Jann Stuckey ·
 Ian Walker ·
 Trevor Watts ·
 Pat Weir
 

Katter's Aust. Party (2)
Rob Katter ·
 Shane Knuth
 

Independents (2)
Billy Gordon ·
 Peter Wellington
 

  


Categories: 1961 births
Living people
Liberal Party of Australia members of the Parliament of Queensland
Liberal National Party of Queensland politicians
Members of the Queensland Legislative Assembly
People from Assen
Dutch emigrants to Australia
Leaders of the Opposition in Queensland
Former Jehovah's Witnesses
People educated at Brisbane State High School
People from the Gold Coast, Queensland






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 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John-Paul_Langbroek









John-Paul Langbroek

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Jump to: navigation, search


The Honourable
John-Paul Langbroek
MP
Jplangbroek.jpg
Deputy Leader of the Opposition of Queensland
Incumbent
Assumed office
 14 February 2015
Leader
Lawrence Springborg
Preceded by
Tim Mulherin
Minister for Education, Training and Employment of Queensland
In office
 3 April 2012 – 14 February 2015
Premier
Campbell Newman
Preceded by
Cameron Dick (Education)
Stirling Hinchliffe (Employment)
Succeeded by
Kate Jones (Education)
Yvette D'Ath (Training)
Curtis Pitt (Employment)
Leader of the Opposition of Queensland
In office
 2 April 2009 – 11 April 2011
Deputy
Lawrence Springborg
Preceded by
Lawrence Springborg
Succeeded by
Jeff Seeney
Leader of the Liberal National Party
In office
 2 April 2009 – 11 April 2011
Deputy
Lawrence Springborg
Preceded by
Lawrence Springborg
Succeeded by
Campbell Newman
Member of the Queensland Parliament
 for Surfers Paradise
Incumbent
Assumed office
 7 February 2004
Preceded by
Lex Bell
Personal details

Born
John-Paul Honoré Langbroek
 31 January 1961 (age 54)
Assen, Netherlands
Political party
Liberal National Party
Spouse(s)
Stacey Langbroek
Nickname(s)
JP
John-Paul Honoré Langbroek (born 31 January 1961) is an Australian politician who has been a member of the Legislative Assembly of Queensland representing the centre-right Liberal Party and its successor, the centre-right Liberal National Party, in the seat of Surfers Paradise since 2004. He was Leader of the Opposition and parliamentary leader of the LNP from 2009 to 2011—the first person from the Liberal side of the merger to hold the post. He was a minister in the Newman government before its defeat at the 2015 state election. Langbroek is now deputy leader of the opposition while Lawrence Springborg is Opposition leader.


Contents  [hide]
1 Early life
2 Early career
3 Leader of the opposition
4 Personal
5 References
6 External links

Early life[edit]
Langbroek was born in Assen in the Netherlands. He and his sister, Melbourne-based media personality Kate Langbroek, grew up as the only two children of Jehovah's Witnesses. His family emigrated to Australia in mid 1961, just months after his birth. The family travelled around rural Queensland where Langbroek Sr worked at various schools.
Early career[edit]
A graduate of Sunnybank State High School, he went on to study at the University of Queensland, receiving an honours degree in dental science.[1] At university he showed no early sign of an interest in politics, describing his student days at the University of Queensland as being "toga parties, Lacoste shirts and university japes".[2]
He finished his degree in 1983 and departed for London where he met his wife Stacey. He won the state seat of Surfers Paradise from one-term independent MP Lex Bell at the 2004 state election and Bell had previously defeated him in the 2001 by-election for the seat. The Surfers Paradise by-election was triggered by the resignation of the previous member, former National Party Premier Rob Borbidge who had just led the Coalition to a landslide defeat in the general election earlier in 2001. Although unsuccessful Langbroek did win a lion's share of the vote that Borbidge had won as the National Party candidate at the aforementioned election. As a result the National Party never contested again Surfers Paradise prior to the merger of the Liberal and National Parties into the Liberal National Party.[3] As an MP he had served in the opposition shadow ministry for a number of years. He has held various shadow portfolios, including health, public works, mines and energy and immediately before his ascension to the leadership he has served as Shadow Minister for Education and Skills and Shadow Minister for the Arts from 12 August 2008.[4]
Leader of the opposition[edit]
Langbroek was elected leader of the LNP following the 2009 state election after the LNP's first leader, Lawrence Springborg, announced his retirement. Langbroek named Springborg as his deputy.[5] Polling for much of 2009 and 2010 showed the LNP ahead of Labor on the two-party vote, and Langbroek consistently led incumbent Labor Premier Anna Bligh as preferred premier. However, after Labor's numbers rebounded in the wake of the Queensland floods, Langbroek came under growing pressure from the LNP's organisational wing to stand down.[6] According to Nine News Queensland's Spencer Jolly, LNP president Bruce McIver was trying to engineer a by-election to get Brisbane Lord Mayor Campbell Newman, also from the Liberal side of the merger, elected to the legislature so Newman could challenge Langbroek for the LNP leadership.[7]
On 22 March 2011, Newman announced he would be seeking pre-selection for the seat of Ashgrove, and would challenge for the LNP leadership if successful. Later that day, Langbroek and Springborg announced their resignations as leader and deputy leader, respectively.[8] While a February poll showed the LNP with 55 percent two-party support—enough to make Langbroek premier—internal Coalition polling suggested that under Newman, the LNP would win government "in a canter".[9] As late as the previous day, Langbroek had insisted that he would not resign, and even demanded that McIver and the rest of the organisational wing either back down from their attempts to push him out or resign themselves. He appeared to have the support of most of the party room as well. However, within hours of Newman's announcement, Langbroek gave way.[6]
Newman appointed Langbroek Shadow Police Minister in his Shadow Cabinet.[10]
Personal[edit]
Langbroek is married and has three children. Although he has not shown a clear rejection of his parents' religion (Jehovah's Witnesses), he does not discuss the topic at length.[2] He has expressed the pain of having a relative with motor neurone disease. Describing the disease as having "destroyed his family", causing his 58-year-old brother-in-law to need constant nursing and causing potentially fatal weight loss.[11]
References[edit]
1.Jump up ^ [1][dead link]
2.^ Jump up to: a b Andrew Fraser and Sean Parnell (3 April 2009). "Dentist in the chair". Theaustralian.news.com.au. Retrieved 3 February 2011.
3.Jump up ^ http://www.abc.net.au/elections/qld/2012/guide/surf.htm
4.Jump up ^ "John-Paul Langbroek Biography". Parliament.qld.gov.au. Retrieved 3 February 2011.
5.Jump up ^ Rosemary Odgers and Steven Wardill (3 April 2009). "New LNP leader John Paul Langbroek warns dissidents". News.com.au. Retrieved 3 February 2011.
6.^ Jump up to: a b Newman's bid for leadership. 7.30 (ABC News), 22 March 2011.
7.Jump up ^ Knives out for Langbroek. Nine News Queensland, 17 March 2011.
8.Jump up ^ LNP leader John-Paul Langbroek quits as Campbell Newman announces he will enter state politics, Courier Mail, 22 March 2011.
9.Jump up ^ Campbell Newman's Queensland coup. 6PM with George Negus (Ten News), 22 March 2011.
10.Jump up ^ "Opposition Appointments to the Queensland Parliament as of 11 April 2011" (PDF). Retrieved 21 March 2012.
11.Jump up ^ "LNP leader John-Paul Langbroek keen to bite on Labor". Brisbanetimes.com.au. 2 April 2009. Retrieved 3 February 2011.
External links[edit]
Official Website
Liberal National Party Page for John-Paul Langbroek

Political offices
Preceded by
Tim Mulherin Deputy Leader of the Opposition of Queensland
 2015–present Incumbent
Preceded by
Cameron Dick Minister for Education of Queensland
 2012–2015 Succeeded by
Kate Jones
Preceded by
Stirling Hinchliffe
as Minister for Employment and Skills Minister for Training and Employment of Queensland
 2012–present Succeeded by
Curtis Pitt
as Minister for Employment
Preceded by
Lawrence Springborg Leader of the Opposition of Queensland
 2009–2011 Succeeded by
Jeff Seeney
Parliament of Queensland
Preceded by
Lex Bell Member for Surfers Paradise
 2004–present Incumbent
Party political offices
Preceded by
Lawrence Springborg Leader of the Liberal National Party of Queensland
 2009–2011 Succeeded by
Campbell Newman
Preceded by
Jeff Seeney Deputy Leader of the Liberal National Party of Queensland
 2015–present Incumbent


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Categories: 1961 births
Living people
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Members of the Queensland Legislative Assembly
People from Assen
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Michelle Massey

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Jump to: navigation, search

Michelle Massey (born 1981)[1] is an English businessperson and former model.[2] She won the third series of the Irish version of The Apprentice TV show, defeating Niamh McDonald in the final.[3] As a result she earned a €100,000 contract with entrepreneur Bill Cullen's company and was given e-commerce to work on.[4] She was also presented with a car.[5] She began work, alongside Steve Rayner (the winner of the 2009 series), the following January.[6]
Massey is from a Jehovah's Witness background. She left her family at the age of 15 because of a religious disagreement. She did dancing in nightclubs as a teenager. She went to Ireland when she was 19 years old.[7] She spent ten years working as a sales consultant.[4]
Her interests include horse riding, rugby union and Coronation Street.[8][9]
References[edit]
1.Jump up ^ "Apprentice Michelle has found her new partner". Evening Herald (Independent News & Media). 29 September 2011. Retrieved 29 September 2011.
2.Jump up ^ "Reality star Michelle looks stunning in sexy mag shoot". Sunday World.
3.Jump up ^ "Michelle Wins Apprenticeship...". ShowBiz Ireland. 15 December 2010. Retrieved 15 December 2010.
4.^ Jump up to: a b Carbery, Genevieve (14 December 2010). "Michelle secures €100,000 'Apprentice' dream job". The Irish Times (Irish Times Trust). Retrieved 14 December 2010.
5.Jump up ^ "Bill Cullen picks Michelle Massey to be his new Apprentice". JOE. 14 December 2010. Retrieved 14 December 2010.
6.Jump up ^ "Apprentice winner begins new job". RTÉ Ten (Raidió Teilifís Éireann). 5 January 2011. Retrieved 5 January 2011.
7.Jump up ^ Murphy, Claire (6 December 2010). "Michelle shocks Apprentice with Playboy secret". Evening Herald (Independent News & Media). Retrieved 6 December 2010.
8.Jump up ^ Murphy, Claire (29 October 2010). "Apprentice's Michelle now single after contest's strain". Evening Herald (Independent News & Media). Retrieved 29 October 2010.
9.Jump up ^ "Our 'Coffee Break Quiz' with Apprentice winner Michelle Massey!". Style Bible.
External links[edit]
http://michellemassey.com/
Michelle Massey on Twitter
  


Categories: 1981 births
Living people
Former Jehovah's Witnesses
English businesspeople
English expatriates in Ireland
People from Peterborough
The Apprentice (Irish TV series) candidates
The Apprentice (TV series) winners


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 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michelle_Massey









Michelle Massey

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Jump to: navigation, search

Michelle Massey (born 1981)[1] is an English businessperson and former model.[2] She won the third series of the Irish version of The Apprentice TV show, defeating Niamh McDonald in the final.[3] As a result she earned a €100,000 contract with entrepreneur Bill Cullen's company and was given e-commerce to work on.[4] She was also presented with a car.[5] She began work, alongside Steve Rayner (the winner of the 2009 series), the following January.[6]
Massey is from a Jehovah's Witness background. She left her family at the age of 15 because of a religious disagreement. She did dancing in nightclubs as a teenager. She went to Ireland when she was 19 years old.[7] She spent ten years working as a sales consultant.[4]
Her interests include horse riding, rugby union and Coronation Street.[8][9]
References[edit]
1.Jump up ^ "Apprentice Michelle has found her new partner". Evening Herald (Independent News & Media). 29 September 2011. Retrieved 29 September 2011.
2.Jump up ^ "Reality star Michelle looks stunning in sexy mag shoot". Sunday World.
3.Jump up ^ "Michelle Wins Apprenticeship...". ShowBiz Ireland. 15 December 2010. Retrieved 15 December 2010.
4.^ Jump up to: a b Carbery, Genevieve (14 December 2010). "Michelle secures €100,000 'Apprentice' dream job". The Irish Times (Irish Times Trust). Retrieved 14 December 2010.
5.Jump up ^ "Bill Cullen picks Michelle Massey to be his new Apprentice". JOE. 14 December 2010. Retrieved 14 December 2010.
6.Jump up ^ "Apprentice winner begins new job". RTÉ Ten (Raidió Teilifís Éireann). 5 January 2011. Retrieved 5 January 2011.
7.Jump up ^ Murphy, Claire (6 December 2010). "Michelle shocks Apprentice with Playboy secret". Evening Herald (Independent News & Media). Retrieved 6 December 2010.
8.Jump up ^ Murphy, Claire (29 October 2010). "Apprentice's Michelle now single after contest's strain". Evening Herald (Independent News & Media). Retrieved 29 October 2010.
9.Jump up ^ "Our 'Coffee Break Quiz' with Apprentice winner Michelle Massey!". Style Bible.
External links[edit]
http://michellemassey.com/
Michelle Massey on Twitter
  


Categories: 1981 births
Living people
Former Jehovah's Witnesses
English businesspeople
English expatriates in Ireland
People from Peterborough
The Apprentice (Irish TV series) candidates
The Apprentice (TV series) winners


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Norma McCorvey

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Jump to: navigation, search

"Jane Roe" redirects here. For the more generic use of "Jane Roe" for an anonymous or unknown person, see John Doe.

Norma McCorvey

Born
Norma Leah Nelson
 September 22, 1947 (age 67)
Simmesport, Avoyelles Parish, Louisiana
Nationality
American
Other names
Jane Roe
Occupation
Director, Crossing Over Ministry
Known for
Roe v. Wade
Spouse(s)
Woody McCorvey (m. 1963–1965)
Partner(s)
Connie Gonzales (1970–1993)[1]
Children
3
Parent(s)
Mildred (mother)
Norma Leah McCorvey (née Nelson; born September 22, 1947), better known by the legal pseudonym "Jane Roe", was the plaintiff in the landmark American lawsuit Roe v. Wade in 1973.[2][3] The U.S. Supreme Court ruled that individual state laws banning abortion are unconstitutional. Later, McCorvey's views on abortion changed substantially. McCorvey is now a Roman Catholic active in the pro-life movement.[4]


Contents  [hide]
1 Personal life
2 Roe v. Wade
3 Books and conversion
4 Social and political causes
5 Books
6 References
7 External links

Personal life[edit]
McCorvey was born in either Lettsworth, Louisiana,[5] or Simmesport, Louisiana[6] and raised in Houston, Texas. McCorvey's father left the family when she was 13 years old[7] and her parents subsequently divorced. She and her older brother were raised by their mother Mildred, a violent alcoholic. McCorvey's father died on September 27, 1995. She is of partial Cajun and Cherokee ancestry.[3]
McCorvey's troubles started at the age of 10, when she robbed the cash register at a gas station, and ran away to Oklahoma City with a friend. They tricked a hotel worker into letting them rent a room, and were there for 2 days when a maid walked in on her and her female friend kissing. McCorvey was taken by the police and eventually to court, where she was declared ward of the state and sent away to Mount St. Michaels in Dallas, where McCorvey said she was raped by a young nun.[how?] She was then sent to the State School for Girls in Gainesville, Florida on and off from ages 11–15. She said this was the happiest time of her childhood, and every time she was sent home, would purposely do something bad to be sent back. After being released, she lived with her mother’s cousin who raped her every night for 3 weeks straight. When McCorvey's mother found out, her cousin said McCorvey was making up the whole thing.[8]
While working at a restaurant, Norma met Woody McCorvey (born 1940), and she married him at the age of 16. She later left him after he abused her. She moved in with her mother and gave birth to her first child, Melissa (born 1965).[9] After Melissa's birth, McCorvey developed a serious drinking problem and began identifying as a lesbian. She went on a weekend trip to visit two friends, and left her baby with her mother. When she returned, her mother replaced Melissa with a baby doll and reported her to the police as having abandoned her baby, and called the police to take her out of the house. She would not tell her where Melissa was for weeks, and finally let her visit her child after 3 months. She let McCorvey move back in, and one day woke Norma up after a long day of work. She told her to sign insurance papers, and Norma did so without reading. However, she actually signed adoption papers, giving her mother custody of Melissa, and was then kicked out of the house.[10] The following year, McCorvey again became pregnant and gave birth to a baby that was placed for adoption.
Roe v. Wade[edit]
Main article: Roe v. Wade
In 1969, at the age of 21, while working low-paying jobs and living with her father, McCorvey became pregnant a third time. She returned to Dallas. According to McCorvey, friends advised her that she should assert falsely that she had been raped and that she could thereby obtain a legal abortion under Texas's law which prohibited abortion (in fact the Texas law had no such rape exception[11][12]). Due to lack of police evidence or documentation, the scheme was not successful and McCorvey would later admit the situation was a fabrication.[13][14] She attempted to obtain an illegal abortion, but the respective clinics had been closed down by authorities.
Eventually, McCorvey was referred to attorneys Linda Coffee and Sarah Weddington,[15][16] who were looking for pregnant women who were seeking an abortion. Whenever she told the lawyers that she was a lesbian, they were disappointed, so she also lied and told them that she was raped. She signed the papers, and thus began Roe v. Wade. The case took three years of trials to reach the United States Supreme Court, and Norma never attended even one trial. In the meantime, McCorvey had given birth to the baby in question, who was eventually adopted.[3]
McCorvey revealed herself to the press as being "Jane Roe" soon after the decision's issuance and stated that she sought an abortion because she was unemployable and greatly depressed.[17] In the 1980s, McCorvey asserted that she had been the "pawn" of two young and ambitious lawyers (Weddington and Coffee) who were looking for a plaintiff with whom they could challenge the Texas state law prohibiting abortion.[18]
Books and conversion[edit]
In her first book, the 1994 autobiography, I Am Roe, McCorvey wrote of her sexual orientation. For many years, she had lived quietly in Dallas with her long-time partner, Connie Gonzales. "We're not like other lesbians, going to bars," she explained in a New York Times interview. "We're lesbians together. We're homers."[3] That same year, she became a Christian and voiced remorse for her part in the Supreme Court decision. McCorvey has worked as part of the pro-life movement, such as Operation Rescue.
At a signing of I Am Roe, McCorvey was befriended by evangelical minister Flip Benham.[19] She was baptized on August 8, 1995, by Benham in a Dallas, Texas, backyard swimming pool, an event that was filmed for national television. Two days later she announced that she had quit her job at the abortion clinic she was working at, and had become an advocate of Operation Rescue's campaign to make abortion illegal.[20]
McCorvey's second book, Won by Love, was published in 1998. She explained her change on the stance of abortion with the following comments:

I was sitting in O.R.'s offices when I noticed a fetal development poster. The progression was so obvious, the eyes were so sweet. It hurt my heart, just looking at them. I ran outside and finally, it dawned on me. 'Norma', I said to myself, 'They're right'. I had worked with pregnant women for years. I had been through three pregnancies and deliveries myself. I should have known. Yet something in that poster made me lose my breath. I kept seeing the picture of that tiny, 10-week-old embryo, and I said to myself, that's a baby! It's as if blinders just fell off my eyes and I suddenly understood the truth — that's a baby!
I felt crushed under the truth of this realization. I had to face up to the awful reality. Abortion wasn't about 'products of conception'. It wasn't about 'missed periods'. It was about children being killed in their mother's wombs. All those years I was wrong. Signing that affidavit, I was wrong. Working in an abortion clinic, I was wrong. No more of this first trimester, second trimester, third trimester stuff. Abortion — at any point — was wrong. It was so clear. Painfully clear.[4]
Shortly thereafter, McCorvey released a statement that affirmed her entrance into the Roman Catholic Church, and she has been confirmed into the church as a full member.[21][22]
McCorvey has also stated that she is no longer a lesbian.[23] On August 17, 1998, she was received into the Roman Catholic church by Father Frank Pavone, the International Director of Priests for Life and Father Edward Robinson in Dallas.[22]
Social and political causes[edit]
In February 2005, McCorvey petitioned the Supreme Court to overturn the 1973 decision with McCorvey v. Hill, arguing that she had standing to do so as one of the original litigants and that the case should be heard once again in light of what she claimed was evidence that the procedure harms women, but the petition was denied because the matter was moot.
On January 22, 2008, McCorvey endorsed Republican presidential candidate Ron Paul. McCorvey stated, "I support Ron Paul for president because we share the same goal, that of overturning Roe v. Wade. He has never wavered on the issue of being pro-life and has a voting record to prove it. He understands the importance of civil liberties for all, including the unborn."[24]
McCorvey is still active in pro-life demonstrations including one she participated in before President Barack Obama's commencement address to the graduates of the University of Notre Dame (the decision to invite the President speak at the university on May 17, 2009, was controversial because his views on abortion conflicted with the beliefs of the Roman Catholic Church, the denomination which owns the University). McCorvey was arrested on the first day of U.S. Senate hearings for the confirmation of the presidential nomination to the Supreme Court of the United States of Sonia Sotomayor, after McCorvey and another protester began shouting during Senator Al Franken's opening statement (he was a Democrat representing Minnesota).[25]
McCorvey made her acting debut in Doonby, shot on location in 2010 in the small central Texas town of Smithville. Starring John Schneider, Jenn Gotzon, and Robert Davi, the film previewed at the 2011 Cannes Film Festival and was released in the fall of 2011.[26]
Books[edit]
I Am Roe (1994) ISBN 0-06-017010-7 ISBN 0-06-092638-4
Won by Love (1998) ISBN 0-7852-7237-2 ISBN 0-7567-7332-6
References[edit]
1.Jump up ^ Duin, Julia (February 19, 1996). "Roe finds god, prays for life". Retrieved March 31, 2012.
2.Jump up ^ Muhammad Aurang Zeb Mughal (2010) "Roe v. Wade." Brigitte H. Bechtold and Donna Cooper Graves (eds), An Encyclopedia of Infanticide. Lewiston, NY: Edwin Mellen Press, pp. 227-228.
3.^ Jump up to: a b c d "Norma McCorvey; Of Roe, Dreams And Choices" By Alex Witchel in The New York Times (July 28, 1994)
4.^ Jump up to: a b Roe v. McCorvey
5.Jump up ^ McCorvey, Norma (1994). I Am Roe. Harper Collins. p. 11. ISBN 0-06-017010-7. Retrieved Apr 2, 2014.
6.Jump up ^ Prager, Joshua (February 2013). "The Accidental Activist". Vanity Fair. Retrieved Apr 2, 2014.
7.Jump up ^ 'These steps are covered with blood', The Guardian, 6 July 2009.
8.Jump up ^ McCorvey, Norma (1994). I Am Roe. Harper Collins. pp. 23–47. ISBN 0-06-017010-7.
9.Jump up ^ "The Woman Behind Roe V. Wade". People. May 22, 1989.
10.Jump up ^ McCorvey, Norma (1994). I Am Roe. Haper Collins. ISBN 0-06-017010-7.
11.Jump up ^ Cawthon: Medicine on Trial, p. 139
12.Jump up ^ Encyclopedia of Political Communication Vol. 1: Abortion
13.Jump up ^ McCorvey, Norma. Won by Love (Nashville: Thomas Nelson Publishers, 1997), p. 241.
14.Jump up ^ McCorvey, Norma. Testimony to the Senate Subcommittee on the Constitution, Federalism and Property Rights (1998-01-21), quoted in the parliament of Western Australia (PDF) (1998-05-20).
15.Jump up ^ "Roe v. Wade". Free Online Law Dictionary. 2014. Retrieved June 23, 2014.
16.Jump up ^ McCorvey, Norma and Meisler, Andy. I Am Roe: My Life, Roe V. Wade, and Freedom of Choice (Harpercollins, May, 1994) (Copyright © 2009 Farlex, Inc.) Retrieved (2009-08-20).
17.Jump up ^ "'Jane Roe' started abortion battle". The Raving Theist. January 17, 2009. Retrieved June 23, 2014.
18.Jump up ^ CNN.com - Who is 'Jane Roe'?, Jun. 18, 2003
19.Jump up ^ Miss Norma & Her Baby: Two Victims Who Got Away
20.Jump up ^ McCorvey, Norma (1997). Won by Love. Thomas Nelson. ISBN 0-7852-7237-2.
21.Jump up ^ Priests for Life: Norma McCorvey's Ministry and Website
22.^ Jump up to: a b Pavone, Frank (2013). "The Conversion of Norma McCorvey". Priests for Life. Retrieved June 23, 2014.
23.Jump up ^ Duin, Julia (January 21, 1996), "Jane Roe's 'turn to God' complete", The Washington Times
24.Jump up ^ 'Jane Roe' endorses Paul - msnbc.com
25.Jump up ^ "'Jane Roe' Arrested at Supreme Court Hearing", Washington Post, July 13, 2009
26.Jump up ^ Bond, Paul (May 4, 2011). "Woman at Center of Roe v. Wade Stars in Abortion-Themed Movie (Exclusive)". Retrieved June 20, 2011.
External links[edit]

Portal icon Biography portal
Norma McCorvey's website: "Roe No More"
CNN: 2003 article
CNN: 1998 special article profiling Norma McCorvey
Father Frank Pavone interviews McCorvey
Roe v. Wade at the Internet Movie Database
Prager, Joshua (February 2013). "The Accidental Activist". Vanity Fair.


Authority control
VIAF: 18902232 ·
 ISNI: 0000 0000 4297 8542 ·
 BNF: cb15971954h (data)
 

  


Categories: 1947 births
20th-century American writers
20th-century women writers
African-Americans' civil rights activists
American autobiographers
American non-fiction writers
American people of Acadian descent
American people of Cherokee descent
American pro-life activists
American Roman Catholics
American women activists
American women writers
Converts to Christianity from atheism or agnosticism
Converts to Roman Catholicism from Evangelicalism
Former Jehovah's Witnesses
Living people
People from Avoyelles Parish, Louisiana
People from Houston, Texas
People self-identified as ex-gay
Roman Catholic activists
Writers from Houston, Texas
Writers from Louisiana
Women autobiographers








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 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Norma_McCorvey









Norma McCorvey

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"Jane Roe" redirects here. For the more generic use of "Jane Roe" for an anonymous or unknown person, see John Doe.

Norma McCorvey

Born
Norma Leah Nelson
 September 22, 1947 (age 67)
Simmesport, Avoyelles Parish, Louisiana
Nationality
American
Other names
Jane Roe
Occupation
Director, Crossing Over Ministry
Known for
Roe v. Wade
Spouse(s)
Woody McCorvey (m. 1963–1965)
Partner(s)
Connie Gonzales (1970–1993)[1]
Children
3
Parent(s)
Mildred (mother)
Norma Leah McCorvey (née Nelson; born September 22, 1947), better known by the legal pseudonym "Jane Roe", was the plaintiff in the landmark American lawsuit Roe v. Wade in 1973.[2][3] The U.S. Supreme Court ruled that individual state laws banning abortion are unconstitutional. Later, McCorvey's views on abortion changed substantially. McCorvey is now a Roman Catholic active in the pro-life movement.[4]


Contents  [hide]
1 Personal life
2 Roe v. Wade
3 Books and conversion
4 Social and political causes
5 Books
6 References
7 External links

Personal life[edit]
McCorvey was born in either Lettsworth, Louisiana,[5] or Simmesport, Louisiana[6] and raised in Houston, Texas. McCorvey's father left the family when she was 13 years old[7] and her parents subsequently divorced. She and her older brother were raised by their mother Mildred, a violent alcoholic. McCorvey's father died on September 27, 1995. She is of partial Cajun and Cherokee ancestry.[3]
McCorvey's troubles started at the age of 10, when she robbed the cash register at a gas station, and ran away to Oklahoma City with a friend. They tricked a hotel worker into letting them rent a room, and were there for 2 days when a maid walked in on her and her female friend kissing. McCorvey was taken by the police and eventually to court, where she was declared ward of the state and sent away to Mount St. Michaels in Dallas, where McCorvey said she was raped by a young nun.[how?] She was then sent to the State School for Girls in Gainesville, Florida on and off from ages 11–15. She said this was the happiest time of her childhood, and every time she was sent home, would purposely do something bad to be sent back. After being released, she lived with her mother’s cousin who raped her every night for 3 weeks straight. When McCorvey's mother found out, her cousin said McCorvey was making up the whole thing.[8]
While working at a restaurant, Norma met Woody McCorvey (born 1940), and she married him at the age of 16. She later left him after he abused her. She moved in with her mother and gave birth to her first child, Melissa (born 1965).[9] After Melissa's birth, McCorvey developed a serious drinking problem and began identifying as a lesbian. She went on a weekend trip to visit two friends, and left her baby with her mother. When she returned, her mother replaced Melissa with a baby doll and reported her to the police as having abandoned her baby, and called the police to take her out of the house. She would not tell her where Melissa was for weeks, and finally let her visit her child after 3 months. She let McCorvey move back in, and one day woke Norma up after a long day of work. She told her to sign insurance papers, and Norma did so without reading. However, she actually signed adoption papers, giving her mother custody of Melissa, and was then kicked out of the house.[10] The following year, McCorvey again became pregnant and gave birth to a baby that was placed for adoption.
Roe v. Wade[edit]
Main article: Roe v. Wade
In 1969, at the age of 21, while working low-paying jobs and living with her father, McCorvey became pregnant a third time. She returned to Dallas. According to McCorvey, friends advised her that she should assert falsely that she had been raped and that she could thereby obtain a legal abortion under Texas's law which prohibited abortion (in fact the Texas law had no such rape exception[11][12]). Due to lack of police evidence or documentation, the scheme was not successful and McCorvey would later admit the situation was a fabrication.[13][14] She attempted to obtain an illegal abortion, but the respective clinics had been closed down by authorities.
Eventually, McCorvey was referred to attorneys Linda Coffee and Sarah Weddington,[15][16] who were looking for pregnant women who were seeking an abortion. Whenever she told the lawyers that she was a lesbian, they were disappointed, so she also lied and told them that she was raped. She signed the papers, and thus began Roe v. Wade. The case took three years of trials to reach the United States Supreme Court, and Norma never attended even one trial. In the meantime, McCorvey had given birth to the baby in question, who was eventually adopted.[3]
McCorvey revealed herself to the press as being "Jane Roe" soon after the decision's issuance and stated that she sought an abortion because she was unemployable and greatly depressed.[17] In the 1980s, McCorvey asserted that she had been the "pawn" of two young and ambitious lawyers (Weddington and Coffee) who were looking for a plaintiff with whom they could challenge the Texas state law prohibiting abortion.[18]
Books and conversion[edit]
In her first book, the 1994 autobiography, I Am Roe, McCorvey wrote of her sexual orientation. For many years, she had lived quietly in Dallas with her long-time partner, Connie Gonzales. "We're not like other lesbians, going to bars," she explained in a New York Times interview. "We're lesbians together. We're homers."[3] That same year, she became a Christian and voiced remorse for her part in the Supreme Court decision. McCorvey has worked as part of the pro-life movement, such as Operation Rescue.
At a signing of I Am Roe, McCorvey was befriended by evangelical minister Flip Benham.[19] She was baptized on August 8, 1995, by Benham in a Dallas, Texas, backyard swimming pool, an event that was filmed for national television. Two days later she announced that she had quit her job at the abortion clinic she was working at, and had become an advocate of Operation Rescue's campaign to make abortion illegal.[20]
McCorvey's second book, Won by Love, was published in 1998. She explained her change on the stance of abortion with the following comments:

I was sitting in O.R.'s offices when I noticed a fetal development poster. The progression was so obvious, the eyes were so sweet. It hurt my heart, just looking at them. I ran outside and finally, it dawned on me. 'Norma', I said to myself, 'They're right'. I had worked with pregnant women for years. I had been through three pregnancies and deliveries myself. I should have known. Yet something in that poster made me lose my breath. I kept seeing the picture of that tiny, 10-week-old embryo, and I said to myself, that's a baby! It's as if blinders just fell off my eyes and I suddenly understood the truth — that's a baby!
I felt crushed under the truth of this realization. I had to face up to the awful reality. Abortion wasn't about 'products of conception'. It wasn't about 'missed periods'. It was about children being killed in their mother's wombs. All those years I was wrong. Signing that affidavit, I was wrong. Working in an abortion clinic, I was wrong. No more of this first trimester, second trimester, third trimester stuff. Abortion — at any point — was wrong. It was so clear. Painfully clear.[4]
Shortly thereafter, McCorvey released a statement that affirmed her entrance into the Roman Catholic Church, and she has been confirmed into the church as a full member.[21][22]
McCorvey has also stated that she is no longer a lesbian.[23] On August 17, 1998, she was received into the Roman Catholic church by Father Frank Pavone, the International Director of Priests for Life and Father Edward Robinson in Dallas.[22]
Social and political causes[edit]
In February 2005, McCorvey petitioned the Supreme Court to overturn the 1973 decision with McCorvey v. Hill, arguing that she had standing to do so as one of the original litigants and that the case should be heard once again in light of what she claimed was evidence that the procedure harms women, but the petition was denied because the matter was moot.
On January 22, 2008, McCorvey endorsed Republican presidential candidate Ron Paul. McCorvey stated, "I support Ron Paul for president because we share the same goal, that of overturning Roe v. Wade. He has never wavered on the issue of being pro-life and has a voting record to prove it. He understands the importance of civil liberties for all, including the unborn."[24]
McCorvey is still active in pro-life demonstrations including one she participated in before President Barack Obama's commencement address to the graduates of the University of Notre Dame (the decision to invite the President speak at the university on May 17, 2009, was controversial because his views on abortion conflicted with the beliefs of the Roman Catholic Church, the denomination which owns the University). McCorvey was arrested on the first day of U.S. Senate hearings for the confirmation of the presidential nomination to the Supreme Court of the United States of Sonia Sotomayor, after McCorvey and another protester began shouting during Senator Al Franken's opening statement (he was a Democrat representing Minnesota).[25]
McCorvey made her acting debut in Doonby, shot on location in 2010 in the small central Texas town of Smithville. Starring John Schneider, Jenn Gotzon, and Robert Davi, the film previewed at the 2011 Cannes Film Festival and was released in the fall of 2011.[26]
Books[edit]
I Am Roe (1994) ISBN 0-06-017010-7 ISBN 0-06-092638-4
Won by Love (1998) ISBN 0-7852-7237-2 ISBN 0-7567-7332-6
References[edit]
1.Jump up ^ Duin, Julia (February 19, 1996). "Roe finds god, prays for life". Retrieved March 31, 2012.
2.Jump up ^ Muhammad Aurang Zeb Mughal (2010) "Roe v. Wade." Brigitte H. Bechtold and Donna Cooper Graves (eds), An Encyclopedia of Infanticide. Lewiston, NY: Edwin Mellen Press, pp. 227-228.
3.^ Jump up to: a b c d "Norma McCorvey; Of Roe, Dreams And Choices" By Alex Witchel in The New York Times (July 28, 1994)
4.^ Jump up to: a b Roe v. McCorvey
5.Jump up ^ McCorvey, Norma (1994). I Am Roe. Harper Collins. p. 11. ISBN 0-06-017010-7. Retrieved Apr 2, 2014.
6.Jump up ^ Prager, Joshua (February 2013). "The Accidental Activist". Vanity Fair. Retrieved Apr 2, 2014.
7.Jump up ^ 'These steps are covered with blood', The Guardian, 6 July 2009.
8.Jump up ^ McCorvey, Norma (1994). I Am Roe. Harper Collins. pp. 23–47. ISBN 0-06-017010-7.
9.Jump up ^ "The Woman Behind Roe V. Wade". People. May 22, 1989.
10.Jump up ^ McCorvey, Norma (1994). I Am Roe. Haper Collins. ISBN 0-06-017010-7.
11.Jump up ^ Cawthon: Medicine on Trial, p. 139
12.Jump up ^ Encyclopedia of Political Communication Vol. 1: Abortion
13.Jump up ^ McCorvey, Norma. Won by Love (Nashville: Thomas Nelson Publishers, 1997), p. 241.
14.Jump up ^ McCorvey, Norma. Testimony to the Senate Subcommittee on the Constitution, Federalism and Property Rights (1998-01-21), quoted in the parliament of Western Australia (PDF) (1998-05-20).
15.Jump up ^ "Roe v. Wade". Free Online Law Dictionary. 2014. Retrieved June 23, 2014.
16.Jump up ^ McCorvey, Norma and Meisler, Andy. I Am Roe: My Life, Roe V. Wade, and Freedom of Choice (Harpercollins, May, 1994) (Copyright © 2009 Farlex, Inc.) Retrieved (2009-08-20).
17.Jump up ^ "'Jane Roe' started abortion battle". The Raving Theist. January 17, 2009. Retrieved June 23, 2014.
18.Jump up ^ CNN.com - Who is 'Jane Roe'?, Jun. 18, 2003
19.Jump up ^ Miss Norma & Her Baby: Two Victims Who Got Away
20.Jump up ^ McCorvey, Norma (1997). Won by Love. Thomas Nelson. ISBN 0-7852-7237-2.
21.Jump up ^ Priests for Life: Norma McCorvey's Ministry and Website
22.^ Jump up to: a b Pavone, Frank (2013). "The Conversion of Norma McCorvey". Priests for Life. Retrieved June 23, 2014.
23.Jump up ^ Duin, Julia (January 21, 1996), "Jane Roe's 'turn to God' complete", The Washington Times
24.Jump up ^ 'Jane Roe' endorses Paul - msnbc.com
25.Jump up ^ "'Jane Roe' Arrested at Supreme Court Hearing", Washington Post, July 13, 2009
26.Jump up ^ Bond, Paul (May 4, 2011). "Woman at Center of Roe v. Wade Stars in Abortion-Themed Movie (Exclusive)". Retrieved June 20, 2011.
External links[edit]

Portal icon Biography portal
Norma McCorvey's website: "Roe No More"
CNN: 2003 article
CNN: 1998 special article profiling Norma McCorvey
Father Frank Pavone interviews McCorvey
Roe v. Wade at the Internet Movie Database
Prager, Joshua (February 2013). "The Accidental Activist". Vanity Fair.


Authority control
VIAF: 18902232 ·
 ISNI: 0000 0000 4297 8542 ·
 BNF: cb15971954h (data)
 

  


Categories: 1947 births
20th-century American writers
20th-century women writers
African-Americans' civil rights activists
American autobiographers
American non-fiction writers
American people of Acadian descent
American people of Cherokee descent
American pro-life activists
American Roman Catholics
American women activists
American women writers
Converts to Christianity from atheism or agnosticism
Converts to Roman Catholicism from Evangelicalism
Former Jehovah's Witnesses
Living people
People from Avoyelles Parish, Louisiana
People from Houston, Texas
People self-identified as ex-gay
Roman Catholic activists
Writers from Houston, Texas
Writers from Louisiana
Women autobiographers








Navigation menu



Create account
Log in



Article

Talk









Read

Edit

View history

















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Languages
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Italiano
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This page was last modified on 2 June 2015, at 15:40.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License; additional terms may apply. By using this site, you agree to the Terms of Use and Privacy Policy. Wikipedia® is a registered trademark of the Wikimedia Foundation, Inc., a non-profit organization.
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About Wikipedia
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 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Norma_McCorvey