American Sniper Wikipedia film pages reposted in bold/bold and italicized print

 



American Sniper (book)

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American Sniper
American Sniper book.jpg
Paperback cover
 
Author
Chris Kyle
 Scott McEwen
 Jim DeFelice
Country
United States
Language
English
Subject
Personal memories
Publisher
William Morrow and Company, an imprint of HarperCollins

Publication date
 January 2, 2012
Media type
Hardcover
Audiobook
Paperback
Pages
400
ISBN
978-0062082350
American Sniper: The Autobiography of the Most Lethal Sniper in U.S. Military History is a memoir by United States Navy SEAL Chris Kyle, written with Scott McEwen and Jim DeFelice. With 255 kills, 160 of them officially confirmed by the Pentagon, Kyle is the deadliest marksman in U.S. military history. The book was published by William Morrow and Company on January 2, 2012,[1] and appeared on The New York Times Best Seller list for 37 weeks.[2] The memoir has sold over 1.2 million copies across all formats (hardcover, paper and ebook), including 700,000 copies in 2015 alone, making it the best-selling book of 2015 so far.[citation needed] It landed atop all the major best-seller lists including the aforementioned The New York Times, and Publishers Weekly, USA Today and No. 2 on Amazon.[3] Its film adaptation directed by Clint Eastwood was released in 2014.


Contents  [hide]
1 Post-publication retraction 1.1 Other controversies
2 Film adaptation
3 References

Post-publication retraction[edit]
In July 2014, the sub-chapter "Punching Out Scruff Face" was removed from later editions of the book, after a three-week trial in U.S. Federal Court where the jury found that the author, Chris Kyle, had unjustly enriched himself by defaming plaintiff Jesse Ventura. In the book, Kyle described blackening the eye of "Scruff Face", whom he later identified in media interviews as Jesse Ventura.[4] The jury awarded $500,000 for defamation and $1,345,477.25 for unjust enrichment.[5][6] The lawsuit, Ventura v. Kyle, is being appealed by the defendant's estate to the United States Court of Appeals for the Eighth Circuit.[7][8]
In December 2014, attorneys for Ventura filed a separate lawsuit against HarperCollins, the parent company of the publisher, for failing to check the accuracy of the story it used in publicity. The suit alleges that the false account used in publicity had "increased sales" and generated "millions of dollars for HarperCollins."[9]
Other controversies[edit]
Secondary sources said Kyle's family claimed he donated all his book proceeds to Veterans' Charity, but reports surfaced that he had kept most of the profit for himself.[10] National Review rebutted the reported claim that all proceeds of his book went to veterans' charities. According to reports, around 2 percent ($52,000) went to the charities, while Kyle's family took $3 million.[11]
Film adaptation[edit]
A film adaptation of the book was released by Warner Bros. and had its world première on November 11, 2014, at the American Film Institute Festival, followed by a limited theatrical release in the United States on December 25, 2014. It received a wide release January 16, 2015.[12][13][14]
References[edit]
1.Jump up ^ "A Wave of Military Memoirs With You-Are-There Appeal". The New York Times. Retrieved 24 September 2014.
2.Jump up ^ "Nonfiction - Best Sellers - The New York Times". The New York Times. Retrieved 6 January 2015.
3.Jump up ^ Andy Lewis (February 6, 2015). "'American Sniper' Book Sales See Continued Bump From Movie's Success". The Hollywood Reporter. Retrieved February 7, 2015.
4.Jump up ^ "Jesse Ventura's $1.8M award in defamation trial ruled reasonable". St. Paul Pioneer Press. 8 August 2014. Retrieved 15 January 2015.
5.Jump up ^ "Jury awards Jesse Ventura $1.8 million in 'American Sniper' lawsuit". Dallas Morning News. 29 July 2014. Retrieved 15 January 2015.
6.Jump up ^ "Chris Kyle trial: Jesse Ventura wins $1.8 million in defamation case". Oregon Live. Associated Press. 2014-07-29. Retrieved 15 January 2015.
7.Jump up ^ "'American Sniper' widow to appeal Ventura defamation verdict". 23 December 2014. Retrieved 15 January 2015.
8.Jump up ^ "Jesse Ventura v. Taya Kyle". 23 December 2014. Retrieved 15 January 2015.
9.Jump up ^ Holley, Peter (2014-12-16). "Jesse Ventura sues HarperCollins over Chris Kyle’s ‘American Sniper’". The Washington Post. Retrieved 2015-01-14.
10.Jump up ^ Jilani, Zaid (24 January 2015). "7 heinous lies "American Sniper" is telling America". Salon. Alternet. Retrieved 26 January 2015.
11.Jump up ^ Delgado, A. J. (30 July 2013). "Justice for Jesse: Ventura Was Right in His Lawsuit". National Review Online. Retrieved 26 January 2015.
12.Jump up ^ "Warner Bros. Dates 'American Sniper'; Moves 'Point Break', 'Man From U.N.C.L.E'". Deadline. August 12, 2014. Retrieved August 13, 2014.
13.Jump up ^ Subers, Ray (January 15, 2015). "Lowest-Grossing Best Picture Nominees Since Category Expansion". Box Office Mojo. Retrieved January 17, 2015.
14.Jump up ^ Subers, Ray (January 15, 2015). "Forecast: 'Sniper' Sets Sights on January Record". Box Office Mojo. Retrieved January 17, 2015.
  


Categories: 2012 books
American memoirs
Iraq War memoirs
Books about snipers
Books about the United States Navy SEALs
Books adapted into films
William Morrow and Company books





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American Sniper (book)

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Jump to: navigation, search

American Sniper
American Sniper book.jpg
Paperback cover
 
Author
Chris Kyle
 Scott McEwen
 Jim DeFelice
Country
United States
Language
English
Subject
Personal memories
Publisher
William Morrow and Company, an imprint of HarperCollins

Publication date
 January 2, 2012
Media type
Hardcover
Audiobook
Paperback
Pages
400
ISBN
978-0062082350
American Sniper: The Autobiography of the Most Lethal Sniper in U.S. Military History is a memoir by United States Navy SEAL Chris Kyle, written with Scott McEwen and Jim DeFelice. With 255 kills, 160 of them officially confirmed by the Pentagon, Kyle is the deadliest marksman in U.S. military history. The book was published by William Morrow and Company on January 2, 2012,[1] and appeared on The New York Times Best Seller list for 37 weeks.[2] The memoir has sold over 1.2 million copies across all formats (hardcover, paper and ebook), including 700,000 copies in 2015 alone, making it the best-selling book of 2015 so far.[citation needed] It landed atop all the major best-seller lists including the aforementioned The New York Times, and Publishers Weekly, USA Today and No. 2 on Amazon.[3] Its film adaptation directed by Clint Eastwood was released in 2014.


Contents  [hide]
1 Post-publication retraction 1.1 Other controversies
2 Film adaptation
3 References

Post-publication retraction[edit]
In July 2014, the sub-chapter "Punching Out Scruff Face" was removed from later editions of the book, after a three-week trial in U.S. Federal Court where the jury found that the author, Chris Kyle, had unjustly enriched himself by defaming plaintiff Jesse Ventura. In the book, Kyle described blackening the eye of "Scruff Face", whom he later identified in media interviews as Jesse Ventura.[4] The jury awarded $500,000 for defamation and $1,345,477.25 for unjust enrichment.[5][6] The lawsuit, Ventura v. Kyle, is being appealed by the defendant's estate to the United States Court of Appeals for the Eighth Circuit.[7][8]
In December 2014, attorneys for Ventura filed a separate lawsuit against HarperCollins, the parent company of the publisher, for failing to check the accuracy of the story it used in publicity. The suit alleges that the false account used in publicity had "increased sales" and generated "millions of dollars for HarperCollins."[9]
Other controversies[edit]
Secondary sources said Kyle's family claimed he donated all his book proceeds to Veterans' Charity, but reports surfaced that he had kept most of the profit for himself.[10] National Review rebutted the reported claim that all proceeds of his book went to veterans' charities. According to reports, around 2 percent ($52,000) went to the charities, while Kyle's family took $3 million.[11]
Film adaptation[edit]
A film adaptation of the book was released by Warner Bros. and had its world première on November 11, 2014, at the American Film Institute Festival, followed by a limited theatrical release in the United States on December 25, 2014. It received a wide release January 16, 2015.[12][13][14]
References[edit]
1.Jump up ^ "A Wave of Military Memoirs With You-Are-There Appeal". The New York Times. Retrieved 24 September 2014.
2.Jump up ^ "Nonfiction - Best Sellers - The New York Times". The New York Times. Retrieved 6 January 2015.
3.Jump up ^ Andy Lewis (February 6, 2015). "'American Sniper' Book Sales See Continued Bump From Movie's Success". The Hollywood Reporter. Retrieved February 7, 2015.
4.Jump up ^ "Jesse Ventura's $1.8M award in defamation trial ruled reasonable". St. Paul Pioneer Press. 8 August 2014. Retrieved 15 January 2015.
5.Jump up ^ "Jury awards Jesse Ventura $1.8 million in 'American Sniper' lawsuit". Dallas Morning News. 29 July 2014. Retrieved 15 January 2015.
6.Jump up ^ "Chris Kyle trial: Jesse Ventura wins $1.8 million in defamation case". Oregon Live. Associated Press. 2014-07-29. Retrieved 15 January 2015.
7.Jump up ^ "'American Sniper' widow to appeal Ventura defamation verdict". 23 December 2014. Retrieved 15 January 2015.
8.Jump up ^ "Jesse Ventura v. Taya Kyle". 23 December 2014. Retrieved 15 January 2015.
9.Jump up ^ Holley, Peter (2014-12-16). "Jesse Ventura sues HarperCollins over Chris Kyle’s ‘American Sniper’". The Washington Post. Retrieved 2015-01-14.
10.Jump up ^ Jilani, Zaid (24 January 2015). "7 heinous lies "American Sniper" is telling America". Salon. Alternet. Retrieved 26 January 2015.
11.Jump up ^ Delgado, A. J. (30 July 2013). "Justice for Jesse: Ventura Was Right in His Lawsuit". National Review Online. Retrieved 26 January 2015.
12.Jump up ^ "Warner Bros. Dates 'American Sniper'; Moves 'Point Break', 'Man From U.N.C.L.E'". Deadline. August 12, 2014. Retrieved August 13, 2014.
13.Jump up ^ Subers, Ray (January 15, 2015). "Lowest-Grossing Best Picture Nominees Since Category Expansion". Box Office Mojo. Retrieved January 17, 2015.
14.Jump up ^ Subers, Ray (January 15, 2015). "Forecast: 'Sniper' Sets Sights on January Record". Box Office Mojo. Retrieved January 17, 2015.
  


Categories: 2012 books
American memoirs
Iraq War memoirs
Books about snipers
Books about the United States Navy SEALs
Books adapted into films
William Morrow and Company books





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This page was last modified on 16 September 2015, at 07:58.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License; additional terms may apply. By using this site, you agree to the Terms of Use and Privacy Policy. Wikipedia® is a registered trademark of the Wikimedia Foundation, Inc., a non-profit organization.
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American Sniper

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Jump to: navigation, search

This article is about the film. For the book on which it is based, see American Sniper (book).

American Sniper
Chris Kyle is seen wearing desert fatigues army BDU, while his wife Taya embraces him. They are standing in front of a tattered US flag.
Theatrical release poster
 
Directed by
Clint Eastwood
Produced by
Clint Eastwood
Robert Lorenz
Andrew Lazar
Bradley Cooper
Peter Morgan
 
Written by
Jason Hall
Based on
American Sniper
 by Chris Kyle
 Scott McEwen
 Jim DeFelice
Starring
Bradley Cooper
Sienna Miller
 
Cinematography
Tom Stern
Edited by
Joel Cox
Gary D. Roach
 

Production
 company
 
Village Roadshow Pictures
Mad Chance Productions
22nd & Indiana Pictures
Malpaso Productions
 
Distributed by
Warner Bros. Pictures

Release dates

November 11, 2014 (AFI Fest)
December 25, 2014 (United States)
 

Running time
 132 minutes[1][2]
Country
United States
Language
English
Budget
$58.8 million[3][4][5]
Box office
$547.3 million[3]
American Sniper is a 2014 American biographical war drama film[6] directed by Clint Eastwood and written by Jason Hall. It is loosely based on the memoir American Sniper: The Autobiography of the Most Lethal Sniper in U.S. Military History (2012) by Chris Kyle, with Scott McEwen and Jim DeFelice. The film follows the life of Kyle, who became the deadliest marksman in U.S. military history with 255 kills from four tours in the Iraq War, 160 of which were officially confirmed by the Department of Defense. While Kyle was celebrated for his military successes, his tours of duty took a heavy toll on his personal and family life. The film stars Bradley Cooper as Kyle and Sienna Miller as his wife Taya, with Luke Grimes, Kyle Gallner, Sam Jaeger, Jake McDorman, and Cory Hardrict in supporting roles.
The world premiere was on November 11, 2014, at the American Film Institute Festival, followed by a limited theatrical release in the United States on December 25, 2014 and a wide release on January 16, 2015. The film became a major success, with a worldwide gross of over $547 million,[7] making it the highest-grossing film of 2014 in the United States ($350 million), the highest-grossing war film of all time unadjusted for inflation, and Eastwood's highest-grossing film to date.
The film received mostly positive reviews from critics, with majority of praise directed towards Cooper's lead performance and Eastwood's direction, though it attracted some controversy over its portrayal of both the War in Iraq and of Chris Kyle. At the 87th Academy Awards, American Sniper received six nominations, including Best Picture, Best Adapted Screenplay and Best Actor for Cooper, ultimately winning one award for Best Sound Editing.[8]


Contents  [hide]
1 Plot
2 Cast
3 Production 3.1 Casting
3.2 Filming
3.3 Music
4 Reception 4.1 Box office 4.1.1 North America
4.1.2 Other territories
4.2 Critical response
4.3 Accuracy
4.4 Fake baby
4.5 Top ten lists
4.6 Home media
5 Accolades
6 See also
7 References
8 External links

Plot[edit]
Growing up in Texas, Chris Kyle is taught by his father how to shoot a rifle and hunt deer. Years later, Chris has become a rodeo cowboy and returns home to find his girlfriend in bed with a stranger. After telling her to leave, he is mulling it over with his brother when he sees news coverage of the 1998 U.S. embassy bombings and decides to enlist in the navy. There he is eventually accepted for special training, becoming a U.S. Navy SEALs sniper.
Chris meets Taya Renae at a bar, and the two eventually get married. Later he is sent to Iraq after the September 11 attacks of 2001. His first kills are a woman and boy who attacked U.S. Marines with a grenade. Chris is visibly upset by the experience but later earns the nickname "Legend" for his many kills. Assigned to hunt for the al-Qaeda leader Abu Musab al-Zarqawi, Chris interrogates a family where the father offers to lead the SEALs to "The Butcher", al-Zarqawi's second-in-command. The plan goes awry when The Butcher captures the father and his son, killing them while Chris is pinned down by a sniper using a PSL. This sniper goes by the name Mustafa and is an Olympic Games medalist from Syria. Meanwhile, the insurgents issue a bounty on Chris.
Chris returns home to his wife and the birth of his own son. He is distracted by memories of his war experiences and by Taya’s concern for them as a couple, wishing he would focus on his home and family. Chris leaves for a second tour and is promoted to Chief Petty Officer. Involved in a shootout with The Butcher, he helps in killing him. When he returns home to a newborn daughter, Chris becomes increasingly distant from his family. On his third tour, Mustafa seriously injures a unit member and the unit is evacuated back to base. When they decide to return to the field and continue the mission, another SEAL is killed by gunfire.
Guilt compels Chris to undertake a fourth tour and Taya tells him that she may not be there when he returns. Back in Iraq, Chris is assigned to kill Mustafa, who has been sniping U.S. Army combat engineers building a barricade. Chris' sniper team is placed on a rooftop inside enemy territory. Chris spots Mustafa and takes him out with a risky long distance shot at 2100 yards (1920 meters), but this exposes his team's position to a large number of armed insurgents. In the midst of the firefight, and low on ammunition, Chris tearfully calls Taya and tells her he is ready to come home. A sandstorm provides cover for a chaotic escape in which Chris is injured and almost left behind.
After Chris gets back, on edge and unable to adjust fully to civilian life, he is asked by a Veterans Affairs psychiatrist if he is haunted by all the things he did in war. When he replies that it is “all the guys [he] couldn't save" that haunt him, the psychiatrist encourages him to help severely wounded veterans in the VA hospital. After that Chris gradually begins to adjust to home life.
Years later, on February 2, 2013, a happy Chris says goodbye to his wife and family as he leaves to spend time with a veteran at a shooting range. An on-screen subtitle reveals: "Chris Kyle was killed that day by a veteran he was trying to help", followed by stock footage of crowds standing along the highway for his funeral procession.[9] More are shown attending his memorial service.
Cast[edit]
Bradley Cooper as Chris Kyle[10]
Sienna Miller as Taya Renae Kyle[11]
Max Charles as Colton Kyle[12]
Luke Grimes as Marc Lee[13]
Kyle Gallner as Goat-Winston[14]
Sam Jaeger as Captain Martens[15]
Jake McDorman as Ryan "Biggles" Job[16]
Cory Hardrict as 'D' / Dandridge[17]
Navid Negahban as Sheikh Al-Obodi[18]
Eric Close as DIA Agent Snead[18]
Eric Ladin as Squirrel[18]
Rey Gallegos as Tony[18]
Kevin "Dauber" Lacz as himself[19]
Brian Hallisay as Captain Gillespie
Ben Reed as Wayne Kyle
Elise Robertson as Debby Kyle
Keir O'Donnell as Jeff Kyle
Marnette Patterson as Sarah
Leonard Roberts as Instructor Roll
Sammy Sheik as Mustafa, a character partially based on Iraqi sniper Juba[20]
Mido Hamada as "The Butcher"
Fahim Fazli Messianic Tribal Leader
Production[edit]

 

 Chris Kyle in 2012
On May 24, 2012, it was announced that Warner Bros. (WB) had acquired the rights to the book with Bradley Cooper set to produce and star in the screen adaptation.[10] Cooper had thought of Chris Pratt to play Kyle, but WB agreed to buy it only if Cooper would star.[21] On September 2012, David O. Russell said he was interested in directing the film.[22] On February 2, 2013, Chris Kyle was murdered. On May 2, 2013, it was announced that Steven Spielberg would direct.[23] Spielberg had read Kyle's book, though he desired to have a more psychological conflict present in the screenplay so an "enemy sniper" character can serve as the insurgent sharpshooter who was trying to track down and kill Kyle. Spielberg's ideas contributed to the development of a lengthy screenplay approaching 160 pages. Due to WB's budget constraints, Spielberg felt he could not bring his vision of the story to the screen.[4] On August 5, 2013, Spielberg dropped out of directing.[24] On August 21, 2013, it was reported that Clint Eastwood would instead direct the film.[25]
Casting[edit]
On March 14, 2014, Sienna Miller joined the cast.[11] On March 16, 2014, Kyle Gallner was cast,[14] as was Cory Hardrict on March 18, 2014.[17] On March 20, 2014, Navid Negahban, Eric Close, Eric Ladin, Rey Gallegos, and Jake McDorman also joined the cast,[16][18] as did Luke Grimes and Sam Jaeger on March 25, 2014.[13][15] Kevin Lacz, a former Navy SEAL, was also cast and served as a technical advisor.[19] Another former Navy SEAL, Joel Lambert, also joined the film, portraying a Delta sniper.[26] On June 3, Max Charles was added to the cast to portray Kyle's son, Colton Kyle.[12]
Filming[edit]
Principal photography began on March 31, 2014 in Los Angeles;[27] it was also shot in Morocco.[28] On April 23, the Los Angeles Times reported that ten days of filming set in an Afghan village was set to begin at the Blue Cloud Movie Ranch in the Santa Clarita area.[29] On May 7, shooting of the film was spotted around El Centro; a milk factory was used as the abandoned date factory which insurgents close in on from all directions at the climax of the film.[30][31] Later on May 14, Cooper was spotted filming some scenes in Culver City, California,[32] and then he followed by shooting scenes again in Los Angeles on May 16.[33] On May 30, Cooper and Miller were spotted during the filming of their characters' wedding scenes; they were filming aboard a yacht in Marina del Rey.[34] On June 3, Cooper was spotted in the uniform of a Navy SEAL marksman aiming during the filming of some scenes at a Los Angeles shooting range.[35] The pier and bar scenes were filmed in Seal Beach, California.[36] Bradley Cooper gained 40 pounds for his role.
Cinematographer Tom Stern shot the film with Arri Alexa XT digital cameras and Panavision C-, E- and G-Series anamorphic lenses.[37] The film is Eastwood's second to be shot digitally, after Jersey Boys.[38]
Music[edit]
There is no "Music by" credit on this film. Composer and music editor Joseph S. DeBeasi is credited as composer of additional music, and Clint Eastwood, who has composed the scores for most of his films since Mystic River (2003), is credited as the composer of "Taya's theme".[39][40] The film also features the song "Someone Like You" by Van Morrison, which plays during the wedding scene.[41]
Reception[edit]
Box office[edit]
American Sniper grossed $350.1 million in North America and $197 million in other territories for a worldwide total of $547.1 million, against a budget of around $58 million.[3] Calculating in all expenses and revenues, Deadline.com estimated that the film made a profit of $243 million, making it the second most profitable film of 2014 only behind Paramount's Transformers: Age of Extinction.[42] Worldwide, it is the highest-grossing war film of all time (breaking Saving Private Ryan‍‍ '​‍s record)[43] and Eastwood's highest-grossing film to date. It is the seventh R-rated film to gross over $500 million.[44]
North America[edit]
In North America, it is the highest-grossing film of 2014,[45] the highest-grossing war film unadjusted for inflation and on an adjusted basis it stands second to Saving Private Ryan with $379 million.[46] It is the second highest-grossing R-rated film of all time (behind The Passion of the Christ).[47] It is Warner Bros' fourth highest-grossing film (behind The Dark Knight, The Dark Knight Rises and Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows – Part 2),[48] and the eight highest-grossing Best Picture nominee film (behind Avatar, Titanic, Star Wars, E.T. the Extra-Terrestrial, Toy Story 3, The Lord of the Rings: The Return of the King and The Lord of the Rings: The Two Towers).[49] It became the seventh Warner Bros' film to earn over $300 million in the U.S. and Canada and the 50th film to reach the mark.[50] It earned as much as the combined earnings of all of the other 2014 Best Picture nominees.[51] On March 8, 2015, it surpassed The Hunger Games: Mockingjay – Part 1 to become the highest-grossing film of 2014,[49] making it the first R-rated film since Saving Private Ryan (1998) and the first non-franchise film since The Grinch (2000) to top the year-end rankings.[49]
American Sniper premiered at the AFI Fest on November 11, 2014, just after a screening of Selma at Grauman's Egyptian Theatre in Los Angeles.[52] In North America, the film opened to a limited release on December 25, 2014, playing at four theaters — two in New York, one in Los Angeles, and one in Dallas — and earned $610,000 in its opening weekend ($850,000 including Christmas Day) at an average of $152,500 per venue debuting at #22.[53][54] The following week the film earned $676,909 playing at the same number of locations at an average of $169,277 per theater, which is the second-biggest weekend average ever for a live-action movie (previously held by 2001's Moulin Rouge!).[55] American Sniper holds the record for the most entries in the top 20 Top Weekend Theater Averages with 3 entries. It earned a total of $3.4 million from limited release in three weekends.[56]
The film began its wide debut across North American theaters on January 16, 2015 (Thursday night showings began at 7:00 pm).[57] It set an all-time highest Thursday night opening record for an R-rated drama with $5.3 million (previously held by Lone Survivor).[58][59][60] The film topped the box office on its opening day grossing $30.5 million (including Thursday previews) from 3,555 theaters setting January records for both biggest debut opening (previously held by Cloverfield) and single-day gross (previously held by Avatar).[61][62][63] In its traditional three-day opening the film earned $89.2 million which was double than expected and broke the record for the largest January opening (previously held by Ride Along)[64] and the largest winter opening,[65] which is also Eastwood's top opening as a director (breaking Gran Torino‍ '​s opening).[66] The three-day opening is also the biggest opening weekend for a drama film (previously held by The Passion of the Christ),[67] the second biggest debut for a Best Picture Oscar nominee (behind Toy Story 3),[68] the second biggest debut for an R-rated film (behind The Matrix Reloaded), and the third biggest for a non-comic book, non-fantasy/sci-fi film (behind Furious 7 and Fast and Furious 6.[68][69] It also set an IMAX January opening and single weekend record with $10.6 million (previously held by Avatar in its fourth weekend) and an R-rated IMAX debut record (previously held by Prometheus).[70] It earned $107.2 million during its four-day Martin Luther King weekend setting a record for the biggest R-rated four day gross.[71]
In its second weekend, the film expanded to 3,705 theaters making it the second widest launch for an R-rated movie (behind the film itself).[72][73] It grossed an estimated $64.6 million in its second weekend, declining only by 28%—and set the record for the second-best hold ever for a movie opening to more than $85 million and also set the record for the eight largest second-weekend gross.[74][75] In just 10 days of release, the film surpassed Pearl Harbor ($198.5 million) to became the second highest-grossing war film in North America.[76] By its second weekend, Box Office Mojo had already reported that the film was on poise to become the highest-grossing film of 2014 in North America, a record that was, at the time held by The Hunger Games: Mockingjay – Part 1 ($334 million), judging from its gradual decline and strong holdovers.[77] It became the highest-grossing IMAX film of January grossing $18.8 million from 333 IMAX theaters.[78] On Thursday, January 29, 2015 – 35 days after its initial release, the film surpassed Saving Private Ryan ($216.5 million) to become the highest-grossing war film in North America, unadjusted for inflation.[79]
By its third weekend of wide release, the film expanded to 3,885 theaters (180 additional theaters added), breaking its own record of being the widest R-rated film ever released.[80][81] The film topped the box office through its third weekend earning $30.66 million, which is the second highest Super Bowl weekend gross (behind Hannah Montana and Miley Cyrus: Best of Both Worlds Concert).[82] After topping the box office for three consecutive weekends, the film was overtaken by The SpongeBob Movie: Sponge Out of Water in its fourth weekend.[51]
Other territories[edit]
The film had the biggest debut weekend for a Clint Eastwood movie ever and went on to become the director's top grossing movie of all time in each of the countries it was released in.[83] It opened in Italy at number two with $7.1 million which is Eastwood's best opening of all time and Warner Bros' second biggest opening for a non-franchise U.S. film there[84] and topped the box office the following weekend.[85] Its other largest openings occurred in France ($6.3 million),[86] where it topped the box office for four consecutive weekends,[87] Australia ($4.3 million, $4.6 million including previews),[88] the UK, Ireland and Malta ($3.8 million),[89] Spain ($3.2 million), Japan ($2.8 million), Mexico ($2.6 million), Brazil ($1.8 million), and South Korea ($1.2 million).[86] In total earnings, its largest market outside of the U.S. are Italy ($23 million) and France ($22.8 million).[90]
Critical response[edit]
American Sniper received positive reviews from critics. Rotten Tomatoes gives the film a "Certified Fresh" rating of 73%, based on 240 reviews from critics, with an average rating of 6.9/10. The site's consensus states, "Powered by Clint Eastwood's sure-handed direction and a gripping central performance from Bradley Cooper, American Sniper delivers a tense, vivid tribute to its real-life subject."[91] On Metacritic, the film has a score of 72 out of 100, based on reviews from 48 critics, indicating "generally favorable reviews".[92] In CinemaScore polls conducted during the opening weekend, cinema audiences gave American Sniper a rare grade of "A+" on an A+ to F scale.[93]
Todd McCarthy of The Hollywood Reporter wrote: "A taut, vivid and sad account of the brief life of the most accomplished marksman in American military annals."[94] Justin Chang of Variety gave the film a positive review, saying "...an excellent performance from a bulked-up Bradley Cooper, this harrowing and intimate character study offers fairly blunt insights into the physical and psychological toll exacted on the front lines..."[95] David Denby of The New Yorker gave the film a positive review, saying "Both a devastating war movie and a devastating antiwar movie, a subdued celebration of a warrior's skill and a sorrowful lament over his alienation and misery."[96] Keith Phipps of The Dissolve wrote that the film, while well-made missed a chance to explore the toll that such service exacts on soldiers.[97] Chris Nashawaty of Entertainment Weekly gave the film a C+, saying "The film's just a repetition of context-free combat missions and one-dimensional targets."[98] Elizabeth Weitzman of New York Daily News gave the film four out of five stars, saying "The best movies are ever-shifting, intelligent and open-hearted enough to expand alongside an audience. American Sniper [...] is built on this foundation of uncommon compassion."[99] Kyle Smith of the New York Post gave the film four out of five stars, saying "After 40 years of Hollywood counterpropaganda telling us war is necessarily corrupting and malign, [...] American Sniper nobly presents the case for the other side."[100]
Peter Travers of Rolling Stone gave the film three and a half stars out of four, saying "Bradley Cooper, as Navy SEAL Chris Kyle, and director Eastwood salute Kyle's patriotism best by not denying its toll. Their targets are clearly in sight, and their aim is true."[101] Ignatiy Vishnevetsky of The A.V. Club gave the film a B, saying "American Sniper is imperfect and at times a little corny, but also ambivalent and complicated in ways that are uniquely Eastwoodian."[102] James Berardinelli of ReelViews gave the film three and a half stars out of four, saying "American Sniper lifts director Clint Eastwood out of the doldrums that have plagued his last few films."[103] Rafer Guzman of Newsday gave the film three out of four stars, saying "Cooper nails the role of an American killing machine in Clint Eastwood's clear-eyed look at the Iraq War."[104] Kenneth Turan of the Los Angeles Times gave the film a positive review, saying "Eastwood's impeccably crafted action sequences so catch us up in the chaos of combat we are almost not aware that we're watching a film at all."[105] Claudia Puig of USA Today gave the film three out of four stars, saying "It's clearly Cooper's show. Substantially bulked up and affecting a believable Texas drawl, Cooper embodies Kyle's confidence, intensity and vulnerability."[106] Joshua Rothkopf of Time Out New York gave the film four out of five stars, saying "Only Clint Eastwood could make a movie about an Iraq War veteran and infuse it with doubts, mission anxiety and ruination."[107] Dean Obeidallah praised the film, saying "His focus was not on whom we were fighting, but the unbearably high price Americans pay for waging war regardless of its target. The film is a cautionary tale for Americans about why we must avoid war. It is not a celebration of waging it." [108]
Matt Taibbi, of Rolling Stone, wrote that the movie turned the complicated moral questions and mass-bloodshed of the Iraq war into a black and white fairy tale, without presenting the historical context.[109] John Wight of Russia Today stated that American Sniper depicted the Iraqi people as a dehumanized mass of savages, which the white man was in the process of civilizing.[110] Alex von Tunzelmann of The Guardian argued that the film presented a simplified black and white portrayal of the Iraq war, and that it features the distortion of facts into unreliable myths based upon previous legends.[111] David Masciotra of Salon criticized the movie's focus on physical rather than moral courage as the ultimate manly virtue.[112] Cavalry Scout Sniper Garett Reppenhagen stated that he did not view Iraqi civilians as savages, but as part of a friendly culture for which the movie has furthered ignorance, fear, and bigotry.[113] Cinematographer Paul Edwards wrote in CounterPunch that he believes the film to be dangerous due to mutilating the classic hero's journey into a simplistic, brutal, and sadistic destruction of "evildoers".[114] Inkoo Kang of The Wrap gave the film a negative review, saying "Director Clint Eastwood‘s focus on Kyle is so tight that no other character, including wife Taya (Sienna Miller), comes through as a person, and the scope so narrow that the film engages only superficially with the many moral issues surrounding the Iraq War."[115] Several other articles have also been critical of the movie.[116][117][118][119][120]
Responding to critics, Eastwood said that American Sniper shows "what it (war) does to the people left behind",[121] and that presenting "the fact of what [war] does to the family and the people who have to go back into civilian life like Chris Kyle did" is the "biggest antiwar statement any film" can make.[122] He stated: "One of my favorite war movies that I've been involved with is Letters from Iwo Jima and that was about family, about being taken away from life, being sent someplace. In World War II, everybody just sort of went home and got over it. Now there is some effort to help people through it."[122] He also said: "I was a child growing up during World War II. That was supposed to be the one to end all wars. And four years later, I was standing at the draft board being drafted during the Korean conflict, and then after that there was Vietnam, and it goes on and on forever ... I just wonder ... does this ever stop? And no, it doesn't. So each time we get in these conflicts, it deserves a lot of thought before we go wading in or wading out. Going in or coming out. It needs a better thought process, I think."[123]
Bradley Cooper stated that much of the criticism ignores that the film was about widespread neglect of returning veterans, and that people who take issue with Kyle should redirect their attention to the leaders who put troops there in the first place. He said: "We looked at hopefully igniting attention about the lack of care that goes to vets. Discussion that has nothing to do with vets or what we did or did not do, every conversation in those terms is moving farther and farther from what our soldiers go through, and the fact that 22 veterans commit suicide each day." Cooper said that an increasing number of soldiers are returning from conflict psychologically damaged, only to be more or less discarded.[124]
First Lady Michelle Obama and former Republican Party vice presidential nominee Sarah Palin also spoke out in support of the movie.[125][126][127]
Accuracy[edit]
Several major news sources commented on the accuracy of the film and how it differs from Chris Kyle's written accounts. The enemy sniper Mustafa is a major character in the film, but receives only a small mention in the memoir, with Kyle noting "I never saw him, but other snipers later killed an Iraqi sniper we think was him."[128][129] According to the memoir, Kyle's 2100-yard shot was taken against an insurgent holding a rocket launcher, not Mustafa.[129][130] Time notes that according to screenwriter Jason Hall, Kyle said of Mustafa: "He shot my friend. I'm not going to put his name in my book." [131] The first combat scene in the film has Kyle killing a boy and mother who try to attack U.S. troops with a grenade; the boy was added for the film.[128][129][131] The film depicts Ryan "Biggles" Job as dying shortly after he is shot by Mustafa; in reality, Job survived for several years after the incident but passed away after surgical complications from an operation on his face.[129][130] The character "the Butcher" was created for the film,[128][131] although this character may have been based on the real-life Abu Deraa.[128]
Fake baby[edit]
One aspect of the film that received negative comment was its use of a fake baby doll in one scene, which was so obviously artificial that it became a distraction to the film.[132] It was reported that not only was the "baby" clearly fake, but the actors in the film appeared uncomfortable to be working with it.[133] In at least one media screening of the film, the audience laughed out loud at how artificial the doll appeared.[134] When discussing the film's prospects for winning an Academy award, Fandango critic Dave Karger said "The reason why American Sniper is not going to win is because of the plastic baby."[135] In The Telegraph, journalist Mark Harris said "That plastic baby is going to be rationalised by Eastwood auteur cultists until the end of days."[136] In response, screenwriter Jason Hall replied, "hate to ruin the fun but real baby #1 showed up with a fever. Real baby #2 was no show. (Clint voice) Gimme the doll, kid."[136][137]
Top ten lists[edit]
American Sniper was listed on many critics' top ten lists.[138]
1st – Kyle Smith, New York Post
3rd – Ty Burr, Boston Globe
6th – Richard Brody, The New Yorker
6th – James Verniere, Boston Herald
7th – James Berardinelli, Reelviews
7th – Lou Lumenick, New York Post
8th – Mara Reinstein, Us Weekly
9th – Scott Feinberg, The Hollywood Reporter
9th – Elizabeth Weitzman, New York Daily News
10th – Scott Foundas, Variety
10th – People
Top 10 (ranked alphabetically) – David Denby, The New Yorker
Best of 2014 (listed alphabetically, not ranked) – Kenneth Turan, Los Angeles Times
Best of 2014 (listed alphabetically, not ranked) – Manohla Dargis, The New York Times
Home media[edit]
American Sniper was released on Blu-ray and DVD on May 19, 2015.[139]
Upon its first week of release on home media in the U.S., the film topped both the Nielsen VideoScan First Alert chart, which tracks overall disc sales, as well as the Blu-ray Disc sales chart in the week ending May 24, 2015.[140]
Accolades[edit]



List of awards and nominations

Award / Film festival
Category
Recipient(s) and nominee(s)
Result
Ref(s)


Academy Awards
Best Picture Clint Eastwood, Robert Lorenz, Andrew Lazar, Bradley Cooper, Peter Morgan Nominated [141]
Best Actor Bradley Cooper Nominated
Best Adapted Screenplay Jason Hall Nominated
Best Film Editing Joel Cox and Gary D. Roach Nominated
Best Sound Editing Alan Robert Murray and Bub Asman Won
Best Sound Mixing John T. Reitz, Gregg Rudloff and Walt Martin Nominated
Art Directors Guild Awards
Excellence in Production Design for a Contemporary Film James J. Murakami, Charisse Cardenas Nominated [142]
ACE Eddie Awards
Best Edited Feature Film – Dramatic Joel Cox and Gary D. Roach Nominated [143]
American Film Institute Awards 2014
Top Ten Films of the Year  Won [144]
British Academy Film Awards
Best Adapted Screenplay Jason Hall Nominated [145]
Best Sound Walt Martin, John Reitz, Gregg Rudloff, Alan Robert Murray, Bub Asman Nominated
Cinema Audio Society Awards
Outstanding Achievement in Sound Mixing for a Motion Picture – Live Action Walt Martin, Gregg Rudloff, John Reitz, Robert Fernandez, Thomas J. O'Connell, James Ashwell Nominated [146]
Critics' Choice Award
Best Action Movie American Sniper Nominated [147]
Best Actor in an Action Movie Bradley Cooper Won
Denver Film Critics Society
Best Picture American Sniper Won [148][149]
Best Director Clint Eastwood Nominated
Best Actor Bradley Cooper (tied with Ralph Fiennes in The Grand Budapest Hotel) Won
Best Supporting Actress Sienna Miller Nominated
Best Adapted Screenplay Jason Hall Nominated
Best Cinematography Tom Stern Nominated
Directors Guild of America Award
Outstanding Directing – Feature Film Clint Eastwood Nominated [150]
Empire Awards
Best Actor Bradley Cooper Nominated [151]
Iowa Film Critics
Best Movie Yet to Open in Iowa American Sniper (tied with A Most Violent Year) Won [152]
MPSE Golden Reel Awards
Feature English Language - Effects/Foley Bub Asman, Alan Robert Murray Won [153]
MTV Movie Awards
Movie of the Year American Sniper Nominated [154]
Best Male Performance Bradley Cooper Won
National Board of Review
Top Ten Film  Won [155]
Best Director Clint Eastwood Won
Producers Guild of America Awards
Best Theatrical Motion Picture Bradley Cooper, Clint Eastwood, Andrew Lazar, Robert Lorenz, Peter Morgan Nominated [156]
Satellite Awards
Best Adapted Screenplay Jason Hall Nominated 
Best Editing Gary Roach and Joel Cox Nominated
Saturn Awards
Best Thriller Film American Sniper Nominated 
Writers Guild of America Awards
Best Adapted Screenplay Jason Hall Nominated [157]

See also[edit]
List of films featuring the United States Navy SEALs
Battle for Sevastopol, a film about Lyudmila Pavlichenko, a Soviet sniper during World War II who has been credited as the most successful female sniper in history.
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102.Jump up ^ Ignatiy Vishnevetsky. "Review: Clint Eastwood's American Sniper is a war movie that's tensest on the home front". The A.V. Club. Retrieved December 26, 2014.
103.Jump up ^ James Berardinelli. "Reelviews Movie Reviews". ReelViews. Retrieved December 26, 2014.
104.Jump up ^ Rafer Guzman. "'American Sniper' review: Bradley Cooper nails the role". Newsday.
105.Jump up ^ Kenneth Turan (December 24, 2014). "Review: 'American Sniper' goes above and beyond war-hero tradition - LA Times". Los Angeles Times. Retrieved December 26, 2014.
106.Jump up ^ Claudia Puig (December 23, 2014). "Bradley Cooper's aim is true in 'American Sniper'". USA Today. Retrieved December 26, 2014.
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108.Jump up ^ http://www.cnn.com/2015/01/27/opinion/obeidallah-american-sniper/ 'American Sniper' a powerful anti-war film
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111.Jump up ^ Von Tunzelmann, Alex (January 20, 2015). "Is American Sniper historically accurate?". The Guardian. Retrieved January 31, 2015.
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113.Jump up ^ Reppenhagen, Garett (February 1, 2015). "I was an American sniper, and Chris Kyle's war was not my war". Salon. Retrieved February 2, 2015.
114.Jump up ^ Edwards, Paul (February 4, 2015). "The Sociopath as Hero". CounterPunch. Retrieved February 6, 2015.
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116.Jump up ^ Hedges, Chris (January 25, 2015). "Killing Ragheads for Jesus". Truthdig. Retrieved January 26, 2015.
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External links[edit]
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American Sniper

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This article is about the film. For the book on which it is based, see American Sniper (book).

American Sniper
Chris Kyle is seen wearing desert fatigues army BDU, while his wife Taya embraces him. They are standing in front of a tattered US flag.
Theatrical release poster
 
Directed by
Clint Eastwood
Produced by
Clint Eastwood
Robert Lorenz
Andrew Lazar
Bradley Cooper
Peter Morgan
 
Written by
Jason Hall
Based on
American Sniper
 by Chris Kyle
 Scott McEwen
 Jim DeFelice
Starring
Bradley Cooper
Sienna Miller
 
Cinematography
Tom Stern
Edited by
Joel Cox
Gary D. Roach
 

Production
 company
 
Village Roadshow Pictures
Mad Chance Productions
22nd & Indiana Pictures
Malpaso Productions
 
Distributed by
Warner Bros. Pictures

Release dates

November 11, 2014 (AFI Fest)
December 25, 2014 (United States)
 

Running time
 132 minutes[1][2]
Country
United States
Language
English
Budget
$58.8 million[3][4][5]
Box office
$547.3 million[3]
American Sniper is a 2014 American biographical war drama film[6] directed by Clint Eastwood and written by Jason Hall. It is loosely based on the memoir American Sniper: The Autobiography of the Most Lethal Sniper in U.S. Military History (2012) by Chris Kyle, with Scott McEwen and Jim DeFelice. The film follows the life of Kyle, who became the deadliest marksman in U.S. military history with 255 kills from four tours in the Iraq War, 160 of which were officially confirmed by the Department of Defense. While Kyle was celebrated for his military successes, his tours of duty took a heavy toll on his personal and family life. The film stars Bradley Cooper as Kyle and Sienna Miller as his wife Taya, with Luke Grimes, Kyle Gallner, Sam Jaeger, Jake McDorman, and Cory Hardrict in supporting roles.
The world premiere was on November 11, 2014, at the American Film Institute Festival, followed by a limited theatrical release in the United States on December 25, 2014 and a wide release on January 16, 2015. The film became a major success, with a worldwide gross of over $547 million,[7] making it the highest-grossing film of 2014 in the United States ($350 million), the highest-grossing war film of all time unadjusted for inflation, and Eastwood's highest-grossing film to date.
The film received mostly positive reviews from critics, with majority of praise directed towards Cooper's lead performance and Eastwood's direction, though it attracted some controversy over its portrayal of both the War in Iraq and of Chris Kyle. At the 87th Academy Awards, American Sniper received six nominations, including Best Picture, Best Adapted Screenplay and Best Actor for Cooper, ultimately winning one award for Best Sound Editing.[8]


Contents  [hide]
1 Plot
2 Cast
3 Production 3.1 Casting
3.2 Filming
3.3 Music
4 Reception 4.1 Box office 4.1.1 North America
4.1.2 Other territories
4.2 Critical response
4.3 Accuracy
4.4 Fake baby
4.5 Top ten lists
4.6 Home media
5 Accolades
6 See also
7 References
8 External links

Plot[edit]
Growing up in Texas, Chris Kyle is taught by his father how to shoot a rifle and hunt deer. Years later, Chris has become a rodeo cowboy and returns home to find his girlfriend in bed with a stranger. After telling her to leave, he is mulling it over with his brother when he sees news coverage of the 1998 U.S. embassy bombings and decides to enlist in the navy. There he is eventually accepted for special training, becoming a U.S. Navy SEALs sniper.
Chris meets Taya Renae at a bar, and the two eventually get married. Later he is sent to Iraq after the September 11 attacks of 2001. His first kills are a woman and boy who attacked U.S. Marines with a grenade. Chris is visibly upset by the experience but later earns the nickname "Legend" for his many kills. Assigned to hunt for the al-Qaeda leader Abu Musab al-Zarqawi, Chris interrogates a family where the father offers to lead the SEALs to "The Butcher", al-Zarqawi's second-in-command. The plan goes awry when The Butcher captures the father and his son, killing them while Chris is pinned down by a sniper using a PSL. This sniper goes by the name Mustafa and is an Olympic Games medalist from Syria. Meanwhile, the insurgents issue a bounty on Chris.
Chris returns home to his wife and the birth of his own son. He is distracted by memories of his war experiences and by Taya’s concern for them as a couple, wishing he would focus on his home and family. Chris leaves for a second tour and is promoted to Chief Petty Officer. Involved in a shootout with The Butcher, he helps in killing him. When he returns home to a newborn daughter, Chris becomes increasingly distant from his family. On his third tour, Mustafa seriously injures a unit member and the unit is evacuated back to base. When they decide to return to the field and continue the mission, another SEAL is killed by gunfire.
Guilt compels Chris to undertake a fourth tour and Taya tells him that she may not be there when he returns. Back in Iraq, Chris is assigned to kill Mustafa, who has been sniping U.S. Army combat engineers building a barricade. Chris' sniper team is placed on a rooftop inside enemy territory. Chris spots Mustafa and takes him out with a risky long distance shot at 2100 yards (1920 meters), but this exposes his team's position to a large number of armed insurgents. In the midst of the firefight, and low on ammunition, Chris tearfully calls Taya and tells her he is ready to come home. A sandstorm provides cover for a chaotic escape in which Chris is injured and almost left behind.
After Chris gets back, on edge and unable to adjust fully to civilian life, he is asked by a Veterans Affairs psychiatrist if he is haunted by all the things he did in war. When he replies that it is “all the guys [he] couldn't save" that haunt him, the psychiatrist encourages him to help severely wounded veterans in the VA hospital. After that Chris gradually begins to adjust to home life.
Years later, on February 2, 2013, a happy Chris says goodbye to his wife and family as he leaves to spend time with a veteran at a shooting range. An on-screen subtitle reveals: "Chris Kyle was killed that day by a veteran he was trying to help", followed by stock footage of crowds standing along the highway for his funeral procession.[9] More are shown attending his memorial service.
Cast[edit]
Bradley Cooper as Chris Kyle[10]
Sienna Miller as Taya Renae Kyle[11]
Max Charles as Colton Kyle[12]
Luke Grimes as Marc Lee[13]
Kyle Gallner as Goat-Winston[14]
Sam Jaeger as Captain Martens[15]
Jake McDorman as Ryan "Biggles" Job[16]
Cory Hardrict as 'D' / Dandridge[17]
Navid Negahban as Sheikh Al-Obodi[18]
Eric Close as DIA Agent Snead[18]
Eric Ladin as Squirrel[18]
Rey Gallegos as Tony[18]
Kevin "Dauber" Lacz as himself[19]
Brian Hallisay as Captain Gillespie
Ben Reed as Wayne Kyle
Elise Robertson as Debby Kyle
Keir O'Donnell as Jeff Kyle
Marnette Patterson as Sarah
Leonard Roberts as Instructor Roll
Sammy Sheik as Mustafa, a character partially based on Iraqi sniper Juba[20]
Mido Hamada as "The Butcher"
Fahim Fazli Messianic Tribal Leader
Production[edit]

 

 Chris Kyle in 2012
On May 24, 2012, it was announced that Warner Bros. (WB) had acquired the rights to the book with Bradley Cooper set to produce and star in the screen adaptation.[10] Cooper had thought of Chris Pratt to play Kyle, but WB agreed to buy it only if Cooper would star.[21] On September 2012, David O. Russell said he was interested in directing the film.[22] On February 2, 2013, Chris Kyle was murdered. On May 2, 2013, it was announced that Steven Spielberg would direct.[23] Spielberg had read Kyle's book, though he desired to have a more psychological conflict present in the screenplay so an "enemy sniper" character can serve as the insurgent sharpshooter who was trying to track down and kill Kyle. Spielberg's ideas contributed to the development of a lengthy screenplay approaching 160 pages. Due to WB's budget constraints, Spielberg felt he could not bring his vision of the story to the screen.[4] On August 5, 2013, Spielberg dropped out of directing.[24] On August 21, 2013, it was reported that Clint Eastwood would instead direct the film.[25]
Casting[edit]
On March 14, 2014, Sienna Miller joined the cast.[11] On March 16, 2014, Kyle Gallner was cast,[14] as was Cory Hardrict on March 18, 2014.[17] On March 20, 2014, Navid Negahban, Eric Close, Eric Ladin, Rey Gallegos, and Jake McDorman also joined the cast,[16][18] as did Luke Grimes and Sam Jaeger on March 25, 2014.[13][15] Kevin Lacz, a former Navy SEAL, was also cast and served as a technical advisor.[19] Another former Navy SEAL, Joel Lambert, also joined the film, portraying a Delta sniper.[26] On June 3, Max Charles was added to the cast to portray Kyle's son, Colton Kyle.[12]
Filming[edit]
Principal photography began on March 31, 2014 in Los Angeles;[27] it was also shot in Morocco.[28] On April 23, the Los Angeles Times reported that ten days of filming set in an Afghan village was set to begin at the Blue Cloud Movie Ranch in the Santa Clarita area.[29] On May 7, shooting of the film was spotted around El Centro; a milk factory was used as the abandoned date factory which insurgents close in on from all directions at the climax of the film.[30][31] Later on May 14, Cooper was spotted filming some scenes in Culver City, California,[32] and then he followed by shooting scenes again in Los Angeles on May 16.[33] On May 30, Cooper and Miller were spotted during the filming of their characters' wedding scenes; they were filming aboard a yacht in Marina del Rey.[34] On June 3, Cooper was spotted in the uniform of a Navy SEAL marksman aiming during the filming of some scenes at a Los Angeles shooting range.[35] The pier and bar scenes were filmed in Seal Beach, California.[36] Bradley Cooper gained 40 pounds for his role.
Cinematographer Tom Stern shot the film with Arri Alexa XT digital cameras and Panavision C-, E- and G-Series anamorphic lenses.[37] The film is Eastwood's second to be shot digitally, after Jersey Boys.[38]
Music[edit]
There is no "Music by" credit on this film. Composer and music editor Joseph S. DeBeasi is credited as composer of additional music, and Clint Eastwood, who has composed the scores for most of his films since Mystic River (2003), is credited as the composer of "Taya's theme".[39][40] The film also features the song "Someone Like You" by Van Morrison, which plays during the wedding scene.[41]
Reception[edit]
Box office[edit]
American Sniper grossed $350.1 million in North America and $197 million in other territories for a worldwide total of $547.1 million, against a budget of around $58 million.[3] Calculating in all expenses and revenues, Deadline.com estimated that the film made a profit of $243 million, making it the second most profitable film of 2014 only behind Paramount's Transformers: Age of Extinction.[42] Worldwide, it is the highest-grossing war film of all time (breaking Saving Private Ryan‍‍ '​‍s record)[43] and Eastwood's highest-grossing film to date. It is the seventh R-rated film to gross over $500 million.[44]
North America[edit]
In North America, it is the highest-grossing film of 2014,[45] the highest-grossing war film unadjusted for inflation and on an adjusted basis it stands second to Saving Private Ryan with $379 million.[46] It is the second highest-grossing R-rated film of all time (behind The Passion of the Christ).[47] It is Warner Bros' fourth highest-grossing film (behind The Dark Knight, The Dark Knight Rises and Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows – Part 2),[48] and the eight highest-grossing Best Picture nominee film (behind Avatar, Titanic, Star Wars, E.T. the Extra-Terrestrial, Toy Story 3, The Lord of the Rings: The Return of the King and The Lord of the Rings: The Two Towers).[49] It became the seventh Warner Bros' film to earn over $300 million in the U.S. and Canada and the 50th film to reach the mark.[50] It earned as much as the combined earnings of all of the other 2014 Best Picture nominees.[51] On March 8, 2015, it surpassed The Hunger Games: Mockingjay – Part 1 to become the highest-grossing film of 2014,[49] making it the first R-rated film since Saving Private Ryan (1998) and the first non-franchise film since The Grinch (2000) to top the year-end rankings.[49]
American Sniper premiered at the AFI Fest on November 11, 2014, just after a screening of Selma at Grauman's Egyptian Theatre in Los Angeles.[52] In North America, the film opened to a limited release on December 25, 2014, playing at four theaters — two in New York, one in Los Angeles, and one in Dallas — and earned $610,000 in its opening weekend ($850,000 including Christmas Day) at an average of $152,500 per venue debuting at #22.[53][54] The following week the film earned $676,909 playing at the same number of locations at an average of $169,277 per theater, which is the second-biggest weekend average ever for a live-action movie (previously held by 2001's Moulin Rouge!).[55] American Sniper holds the record for the most entries in the top 20 Top Weekend Theater Averages with 3 entries. It earned a total of $3.4 million from limited release in three weekends.[56]
The film began its wide debut across North American theaters on January 16, 2015 (Thursday night showings began at 7:00 pm).[57] It set an all-time highest Thursday night opening record for an R-rated drama with $5.3 million (previously held by Lone Survivor).[58][59][60] The film topped the box office on its opening day grossing $30.5 million (including Thursday previews) from 3,555 theaters setting January records for both biggest debut opening (previously held by Cloverfield) and single-day gross (previously held by Avatar).[61][62][63] In its traditional three-day opening the film earned $89.2 million which was double than expected and broke the record for the largest January opening (previously held by Ride Along)[64] and the largest winter opening,[65] which is also Eastwood's top opening as a director (breaking Gran Torino‍ '​s opening).[66] The three-day opening is also the biggest opening weekend for a drama film (previously held by The Passion of the Christ),[67] the second biggest debut for a Best Picture Oscar nominee (behind Toy Story 3),[68] the second biggest debut for an R-rated film (behind The Matrix Reloaded), and the third biggest for a non-comic book, non-fantasy/sci-fi film (behind Furious 7 and Fast and Furious 6.[68][69] It also set an IMAX January opening and single weekend record with $10.6 million (previously held by Avatar in its fourth weekend) and an R-rated IMAX debut record (previously held by Prometheus).[70] It earned $107.2 million during its four-day Martin Luther King weekend setting a record for the biggest R-rated four day gross.[71]
In its second weekend, the film expanded to 3,705 theaters making it the second widest launch for an R-rated movie (behind the film itself).[72][73] It grossed an estimated $64.6 million in its second weekend, declining only by 28%—and set the record for the second-best hold ever for a movie opening to more than $85 million and also set the record for the eight largest second-weekend gross.[74][75] In just 10 days of release, the film surpassed Pearl Harbor ($198.5 million) to became the second highest-grossing war film in North America.[76] By its second weekend, Box Office Mojo had already reported that the film was on poise to become the highest-grossing film of 2014 in North America, a record that was, at the time held by The Hunger Games: Mockingjay – Part 1 ($334 million), judging from its gradual decline and strong holdovers.[77] It became the highest-grossing IMAX film of January grossing $18.8 million from 333 IMAX theaters.[78] On Thursday, January 29, 2015 – 35 days after its initial release, the film surpassed Saving Private Ryan ($216.5 million) to become the highest-grossing war film in North America, unadjusted for inflation.[79]
By its third weekend of wide release, the film expanded to 3,885 theaters (180 additional theaters added), breaking its own record of being the widest R-rated film ever released.[80][81] The film topped the box office through its third weekend earning $30.66 million, which is the second highest Super Bowl weekend gross (behind Hannah Montana and Miley Cyrus: Best of Both Worlds Concert).[82] After topping the box office for three consecutive weekends, the film was overtaken by The SpongeBob Movie: Sponge Out of Water in its fourth weekend.[51]
Other territories[edit]
The film had the biggest debut weekend for a Clint Eastwood movie ever and went on to become the director's top grossing movie of all time in each of the countries it was released in.[83] It opened in Italy at number two with $7.1 million which is Eastwood's best opening of all time and Warner Bros' second biggest opening for a non-franchise U.S. film there[84] and topped the box office the following weekend.[85] Its other largest openings occurred in France ($6.3 million),[86] where it topped the box office for four consecutive weekends,[87] Australia ($4.3 million, $4.6 million including previews),[88] the UK, Ireland and Malta ($3.8 million),[89] Spain ($3.2 million), Japan ($2.8 million), Mexico ($2.6 million), Brazil ($1.8 million), and South Korea ($1.2 million).[86] In total earnings, its largest market outside of the U.S. are Italy ($23 million) and France ($22.8 million).[90]
Critical response[edit]
American Sniper received positive reviews from critics. Rotten Tomatoes gives the film a "Certified Fresh" rating of 73%, based on 240 reviews from critics, with an average rating of 6.9/10. The site's consensus states, "Powered by Clint Eastwood's sure-handed direction and a gripping central performance from Bradley Cooper, American Sniper delivers a tense, vivid tribute to its real-life subject."[91] On Metacritic, the film has a score of 72 out of 100, based on reviews from 48 critics, indicating "generally favorable reviews".[92] In CinemaScore polls conducted during the opening weekend, cinema audiences gave American Sniper a rare grade of "A+" on an A+ to F scale.[93]
Todd McCarthy of The Hollywood Reporter wrote: "A taut, vivid and sad account of the brief life of the most accomplished marksman in American military annals."[94] Justin Chang of Variety gave the film a positive review, saying "...an excellent performance from a bulked-up Bradley Cooper, this harrowing and intimate character study offers fairly blunt insights into the physical and psychological toll exacted on the front lines..."[95] David Denby of The New Yorker gave the film a positive review, saying "Both a devastating war movie and a devastating antiwar movie, a subdued celebration of a warrior's skill and a sorrowful lament over his alienation and misery."[96] Keith Phipps of The Dissolve wrote that the film, while well-made missed a chance to explore the toll that such service exacts on soldiers.[97] Chris Nashawaty of Entertainment Weekly gave the film a C+, saying "The film's just a repetition of context-free combat missions and one-dimensional targets."[98] Elizabeth Weitzman of New York Daily News gave the film four out of five stars, saying "The best movies are ever-shifting, intelligent and open-hearted enough to expand alongside an audience. American Sniper [...] is built on this foundation of uncommon compassion."[99] Kyle Smith of the New York Post gave the film four out of five stars, saying "After 40 years of Hollywood counterpropaganda telling us war is necessarily corrupting and malign, [...] American Sniper nobly presents the case for the other side."[100]
Peter Travers of Rolling Stone gave the film three and a half stars out of four, saying "Bradley Cooper, as Navy SEAL Chris Kyle, and director Eastwood salute Kyle's patriotism best by not denying its toll. Their targets are clearly in sight, and their aim is true."[101] Ignatiy Vishnevetsky of The A.V. Club gave the film a B, saying "American Sniper is imperfect and at times a little corny, but also ambivalent and complicated in ways that are uniquely Eastwoodian."[102] James Berardinelli of ReelViews gave the film three and a half stars out of four, saying "American Sniper lifts director Clint Eastwood out of the doldrums that have plagued his last few films."[103] Rafer Guzman of Newsday gave the film three out of four stars, saying "Cooper nails the role of an American killing machine in Clint Eastwood's clear-eyed look at the Iraq War."[104] Kenneth Turan of the Los Angeles Times gave the film a positive review, saying "Eastwood's impeccably crafted action sequences so catch us up in the chaos of combat we are almost not aware that we're watching a film at all."[105] Claudia Puig of USA Today gave the film three out of four stars, saying "It's clearly Cooper's show. Substantially bulked up and affecting a believable Texas drawl, Cooper embodies Kyle's confidence, intensity and vulnerability."[106] Joshua Rothkopf of Time Out New York gave the film four out of five stars, saying "Only Clint Eastwood could make a movie about an Iraq War veteran and infuse it with doubts, mission anxiety and ruination."[107] Dean Obeidallah praised the film, saying "His focus was not on whom we were fighting, but the unbearably high price Americans pay for waging war regardless of its target. The film is a cautionary tale for Americans about why we must avoid war. It is not a celebration of waging it." [108]
Matt Taibbi, of Rolling Stone, wrote that the movie turned the complicated moral questions and mass-bloodshed of the Iraq war into a black and white fairy tale, without presenting the historical context.[109] John Wight of Russia Today stated that American Sniper depicted the Iraqi people as a dehumanized mass of savages, which the white man was in the process of civilizing.[110] Alex von Tunzelmann of The Guardian argued that the film presented a simplified black and white portrayal of the Iraq war, and that it features the distortion of facts into unreliable myths based upon previous legends.[111] David Masciotra of Salon criticized the movie's focus on physical rather than moral courage as the ultimate manly virtue.[112] Cavalry Scout Sniper Garett Reppenhagen stated that he did not view Iraqi civilians as savages, but as part of a friendly culture for which the movie has furthered ignorance, fear, and bigotry.[113] Cinematographer Paul Edwards wrote in CounterPunch that he believes the film to be dangerous due to mutilating the classic hero's journey into a simplistic, brutal, and sadistic destruction of "evildoers".[114] Inkoo Kang of The Wrap gave the film a negative review, saying "Director Clint Eastwood‘s focus on Kyle is so tight that no other character, including wife Taya (Sienna Miller), comes through as a person, and the scope so narrow that the film engages only superficially with the many moral issues surrounding the Iraq War."[115] Several other articles have also been critical of the movie.[116][117][118][119][120]
Responding to critics, Eastwood said that American Sniper shows "what it (war) does to the people left behind",[121] and that presenting "the fact of what [war] does to the family and the people who have to go back into civilian life like Chris Kyle did" is the "biggest antiwar statement any film" can make.[122] He stated: "One of my favorite war movies that I've been involved with is Letters from Iwo Jima and that was about family, about being taken away from life, being sent someplace. In World War II, everybody just sort of went home and got over it. Now there is some effort to help people through it."[122] He also said: "I was a child growing up during World War II. That was supposed to be the one to end all wars. And four years later, I was standing at the draft board being drafted during the Korean conflict, and then after that there was Vietnam, and it goes on and on forever ... I just wonder ... does this ever stop? And no, it doesn't. So each time we get in these conflicts, it deserves a lot of thought before we go wading in or wading out. Going in or coming out. It needs a better thought process, I think."[123]
Bradley Cooper stated that much of the criticism ignores that the film was about widespread neglect of returning veterans, and that people who take issue with Kyle should redirect their attention to the leaders who put troops there in the first place. He said: "We looked at hopefully igniting attention about the lack of care that goes to vets. Discussion that has nothing to do with vets or what we did or did not do, every conversation in those terms is moving farther and farther from what our soldiers go through, and the fact that 22 veterans commit suicide each day." Cooper said that an increasing number of soldiers are returning from conflict psychologically damaged, only to be more or less discarded.[124]
First Lady Michelle Obama and former Republican Party vice presidential nominee Sarah Palin also spoke out in support of the movie.[125][126][127]
Accuracy[edit]
Several major news sources commented on the accuracy of the film and how it differs from Chris Kyle's written accounts. The enemy sniper Mustafa is a major character in the film, but receives only a small mention in the memoir, with Kyle noting "I never saw him, but other snipers later killed an Iraqi sniper we think was him."[128][129] According to the memoir, Kyle's 2100-yard shot was taken against an insurgent holding a rocket launcher, not Mustafa.[129][130] Time notes that according to screenwriter Jason Hall, Kyle said of Mustafa: "He shot my friend. I'm not going to put his name in my book." [131] The first combat scene in the film has Kyle killing a boy and mother who try to attack U.S. troops with a grenade; the boy was added for the film.[128][129][131] The film depicts Ryan "Biggles" Job as dying shortly after he is shot by Mustafa; in reality, Job survived for several years after the incident but passed away after surgical complications from an operation on his face.[129][130] The character "the Butcher" was created for the film,[128][131] although this character may have been based on the real-life Abu Deraa.[128]
Fake baby[edit]
One aspect of the film that received negative comment was its use of a fake baby doll in one scene, which was so obviously artificial that it became a distraction to the film.[132] It was reported that not only was the "baby" clearly fake, but the actors in the film appeared uncomfortable to be working with it.[133] In at least one media screening of the film, the audience laughed out loud at how artificial the doll appeared.[134] When discussing the film's prospects for winning an Academy award, Fandango critic Dave Karger said "The reason why American Sniper is not going to win is because of the plastic baby."[135] In The Telegraph, journalist Mark Harris said "That plastic baby is going to be rationalised by Eastwood auteur cultists until the end of days."[136] In response, screenwriter Jason Hall replied, "hate to ruin the fun but real baby #1 showed up with a fever. Real baby #2 was no show. (Clint voice) Gimme the doll, kid."[136][137]
Top ten lists[edit]
American Sniper was listed on many critics' top ten lists.[138]
1st – Kyle Smith, New York Post
3rd – Ty Burr, Boston Globe
6th – Richard Brody, The New Yorker
6th – James Verniere, Boston Herald
7th – James Berardinelli, Reelviews
7th – Lou Lumenick, New York Post
8th – Mara Reinstein, Us Weekly
9th – Scott Feinberg, The Hollywood Reporter
9th – Elizabeth Weitzman, New York Daily News
10th – Scott Foundas, Variety
10th – People
Top 10 (ranked alphabetically) – David Denby, The New Yorker
Best of 2014 (listed alphabetically, not ranked) – Kenneth Turan, Los Angeles Times
Best of 2014 (listed alphabetically, not ranked) – Manohla Dargis, The New York Times
Home media[edit]
American Sniper was released on Blu-ray and DVD on May 19, 2015.[139]
Upon its first week of release on home media in the U.S., the film topped both the Nielsen VideoScan First Alert chart, which tracks overall disc sales, as well as the Blu-ray Disc sales chart in the week ending May 24, 2015.[140]
Accolades[edit]



List of awards and nominations

Award / Film festival
Category
Recipient(s) and nominee(s)
Result
Ref(s)


Academy Awards
Best Picture Clint Eastwood, Robert Lorenz, Andrew Lazar, Bradley Cooper, Peter Morgan Nominated [141]
Best Actor Bradley Cooper Nominated
Best Adapted Screenplay Jason Hall Nominated
Best Film Editing Joel Cox and Gary D. Roach Nominated
Best Sound Editing Alan Robert Murray and Bub Asman Won
Best Sound Mixing John T. Reitz, Gregg Rudloff and Walt Martin Nominated
Art Directors Guild Awards
Excellence in Production Design for a Contemporary Film James J. Murakami, Charisse Cardenas Nominated [142]
ACE Eddie Awards
Best Edited Feature Film – Dramatic Joel Cox and Gary D. Roach Nominated [143]
American Film Institute Awards 2014
Top Ten Films of the Year  Won [144]
British Academy Film Awards
Best Adapted Screenplay Jason Hall Nominated [145]
Best Sound Walt Martin, John Reitz, Gregg Rudloff, Alan Robert Murray, Bub Asman Nominated
Cinema Audio Society Awards
Outstanding Achievement in Sound Mixing for a Motion Picture – Live Action Walt Martin, Gregg Rudloff, John Reitz, Robert Fernandez, Thomas J. O'Connell, James Ashwell Nominated [146]
Critics' Choice Award
Best Action Movie American Sniper Nominated [147]
Best Actor in an Action Movie Bradley Cooper Won
Denver Film Critics Society
Best Picture American Sniper Won [148][149]
Best Director Clint Eastwood Nominated
Best Actor Bradley Cooper (tied with Ralph Fiennes in The Grand Budapest Hotel) Won
Best Supporting Actress Sienna Miller Nominated
Best Adapted Screenplay Jason Hall Nominated
Best Cinematography Tom Stern Nominated
Directors Guild of America Award
Outstanding Directing – Feature Film Clint Eastwood Nominated [150]
Empire Awards
Best Actor Bradley Cooper Nominated [151]
Iowa Film Critics
Best Movie Yet to Open in Iowa American Sniper (tied with A Most Violent Year) Won [152]
MPSE Golden Reel Awards
Feature English Language - Effects/Foley Bub Asman, Alan Robert Murray Won [153]
MTV Movie Awards
Movie of the Year American Sniper Nominated [154]
Best Male Performance Bradley Cooper Won
National Board of Review
Top Ten Film  Won [155]
Best Director Clint Eastwood Won
Producers Guild of America Awards
Best Theatrical Motion Picture Bradley Cooper, Clint Eastwood, Andrew Lazar, Robert Lorenz, Peter Morgan Nominated [156]
Satellite Awards
Best Adapted Screenplay Jason Hall Nominated 
Best Editing Gary Roach and Joel Cox Nominated
Saturn Awards
Best Thriller Film American Sniper Nominated 
Writers Guild of America Awards
Best Adapted Screenplay Jason Hall Nominated [157]

See also[edit]
List of films featuring the United States Navy SEALs
Battle for Sevastopol, a film about Lyudmila Pavlichenko, a Soviet sniper during World War II who has been credited as the most successful female sniper in history.
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81.Jump up ^ Anthony D'Alessandro (January 28, 2015). "Super Bowl Won't Sideline 'American Sniper': Box Office Preview". Deadline.com. Retrieved January 29, 2015.
82.Jump up ^ Anthony D'Alessandro (February 2, 2015). "'American Sniper' Misses Super Bowl Record; Most Top 10 Films Off – Monday B.O. Actuals". Deadline.com. Retrieved February 3, 2015.
83.Jump up ^ Nancy Tartaglione (March 8, 2015). "'American Sniper' Shoots Past $500M At Global B.O.; More Eastwood Records Set". Deadline.com. Retrieved March 9, 2015.
84.Jump up ^ Nancy Tartaglione (January 6, 2015). "'Sniper' Hits Bullseye For Eastwood In Italy, 'Hobbit' Grows: Intl BO Update". Deadline.com. Retrieved March 7, 2015.
85.Jump up ^ Nancy Tartaglione (January 13, 2015). "Strong Frame For Fox, Eastwood, Local Pics At International Box Office: Update". Deadline.com. Retrieved March 7, 2015.
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87.Jump up ^ Nancy Tartaglione (March 15, 2015). "'Cinderella' Tops International Box Office As 'Fifty Shades' Joins Uni's Top 10". Deadline.com. Retrieved March 15, 2015.
88.Jump up ^ Nancy Tartaglione (January 27, 2015). "'Sniper', 'Boy Next Door', 'Mortdecai' Up In Actuals; 'Taken 3′ Cume Shifts: Intl BO". Deadline.com. Retrieved March 7, 2015.
89.Jump up ^ Nancy Tartaglione (January 21, 2015). "'Sniper' Hits Eastwood Highs; 'Taken', 'Son' Top International Box Office: Final". Deadline.com. Retrieved March 7, 2015.
90.Jump up ^ Nancy Tartaglione (June 22, 2015). "Euro Summer Box Office's Rosy Outlook: Admissions Up, Soccer Off – Chart". Deadline.com. (Penske Media Corporation). Retrieved June 22, 2015.
91.Jump up ^ "American Sniper". Rotten Tomatoes. Flixster. Retrieved June 8, 2015.
92.Jump up ^ "American Sniper Reviews". Metacritic. CBS Interactive. Retrieved January 29, 2015.
93.Jump up ^ Jenelle Riley (January 8, 2015). "Can Box Office Help 'American Sniper', 'Unbroken' Win Over Academy Voters?". Variety. Retrieved January 17, 2015.
94.Jump up ^ Todd McCarthy. "'American Sniper': AFI Fest Review". The Hollywood Reporter. Retrieved December 26, 2014.
95.Jump up ^ Justin Chang (November 12, 2014). "'American Sniper' Review: Bradley Cooper Stars in Clint Eastwood's Powerful War Movie". Variety. Retrieved December 26, 2014.
96.Jump up ^ David Denby (December 22, 2014). ""Selma" and "American Sniper" Reviews". The New Yorker. Retrieved December 26, 2014.
97.Jump up ^ American Sniper. Phipps, Keith. The Dissolve, December 23, 2014
98.Jump up ^ Chris Nashawaty (December 25, 2014). "American Sniper Review". Entertainment Weekly. Retrieved December 26, 2014.
99.Jump up ^ Elizabeth Weitzman (December 22, 2014). "'American Sniper': Movie review". NY Daily News (New York). Retrieved December 26, 2014.
100.Jump up ^ Kyle Smith (December 23, 2014). "'American Sniper' is the year's most extraordinary film". New York Post. Retrieved December 26, 2014.
101.Jump up ^ Peter Travers. "'American Sniper' Movie Review". Rolling Stone. Retrieved December 26, 2014.
102.Jump up ^ Ignatiy Vishnevetsky. "Review: Clint Eastwood's American Sniper is a war movie that's tensest on the home front". The A.V. Club. Retrieved December 26, 2014.
103.Jump up ^ James Berardinelli. "Reelviews Movie Reviews". ReelViews. Retrieved December 26, 2014.
104.Jump up ^ Rafer Guzman. "'American Sniper' review: Bradley Cooper nails the role". Newsday.
105.Jump up ^ Kenneth Turan (December 24, 2014). "Review: 'American Sniper' goes above and beyond war-hero tradition - LA Times". Los Angeles Times. Retrieved December 26, 2014.
106.Jump up ^ Claudia Puig (December 23, 2014). "Bradley Cooper's aim is true in 'American Sniper'". USA Today. Retrieved December 26, 2014.
107.Jump up ^ Joshua Rothkopf. "American Sniper". Time Out New York. Retrieved December 26, 2014.
108.Jump up ^ http://www.cnn.com/2015/01/27/opinion/obeidallah-american-sniper/ 'American Sniper' a powerful anti-war film
109.Jump up ^ Taibbi, Matt (January 21, 2015). "'American Sniper' is almost too dumb to criticize". Rolling Stone Magazine. Retrieved February 6, 2015.
110.Jump up ^ Wight, John (January 23, 2015). "Hollywood uses 'American Sniper' to destroy history & create myth". Russia Today. Retrieved February 6, 2015.
111.Jump up ^ Von Tunzelmann, Alex (January 20, 2015). "Is American Sniper historically accurate?". The Guardian. Retrieved January 31, 2015.
112.Jump up ^ Masciotra, David (February 1, 2015). "Civil war at the cineplex: "American Sniper", "Selma" and the battle over American masculinity". Salon. Retrieved February 2, 2015.
113.Jump up ^ Reppenhagen, Garett (February 1, 2015). "I was an American sniper, and Chris Kyle's war was not my war". Salon. Retrieved February 2, 2015.
114.Jump up ^ Edwards, Paul (February 4, 2015). "The Sociopath as Hero". CounterPunch. Retrieved February 6, 2015.
115.Jump up ^ Inkoo Kang. "'American Sniper' Review: War Plays Out Like a Video Game in Clint Eastwood's Navy SEAL Biopic". TheWrap. Retrieved December 26, 2014.
116.Jump up ^ Hedges, Chris (January 25, 2015). "Killing Ragheads for Jesus". Truthdig. Retrieved January 26, 2015.
117.Jump up ^ Pulliam Bailey, Sarah (January 14, 2015). "Here's the faith in the 'American Sniper' you won't see in the film". The Washington Post. Retrieved February 1, 2015.
118.Jump up ^ Beauchamp, Zack (January 21, 2015). "American Sniper is a dishonest whitewash of the Iraq war". Vox. Retrieved January 28, 2015.
119.Jump up ^ Alvarez, Max (January 30, 2015). "From Psychopaths to American Hero? A Short History of Sniper Cinema". Counterpunch. Retrieved January 31, 2015.
120.Jump up ^ Scranton, Roy (January 25, 2015). "The Trauma Hero: From Wilfred Owen to "Redeployment" and "American Sniper"". Los Angeles Review Of Books. Retrieved February 8, 2015.
121.Jump up ^ Haithman, Diane (January 24, 2015). "Eastwood Talks Impact Of 'American Sniper' At PGA Nominees Breakfast". Deadline.com.
122.^ Jump up to: a b Kilday, Gregg (January 24, 2015). "Clint Eastwood on 'American Sniper's' "Biggest Antiwar Statement"". The Hollywood Reporter.
123.Jump up ^ Howell, Peter (January 16, 2015). "Think before you shoot, Clint Eastwood says of war: interview". The Star (Toronto).
124.Jump up ^ Buckley, Cara (February 2, 2015). "Bradley Cooper Says 'American Sniper' Debate Ignores Plight of Veterans". The New York Times.
125.Jump up ^ "Remarks by the First Lady at Got Your Six Screenwriters Event - Conversation on the Power of Telling Veterans' Stories". WhiteHouse.gov. January 30, 2015. Retrieved January 31, 2015.
126.Jump up ^ Johnson, Ted (January 30, 2015). "First Lady Michelle Obama Offers Praise for 'American Sniper'". Variety. Retrieved January 31, 2015.
127.Jump up ^ Sarah Palin To Critics Of 'American Sniper' Movie: God Bless Our Snipers, Ahiza Garcia, January 21, 2015, Talking Points Memo
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129.^ Jump up to: a b c d http://www.slate.com/blogs/browbeat/2015/01/23/american_sniper_fact_vs_fiction_how_accurate_is_the_chris_kyle_movie.html
130.^ Jump up to: a b https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/checkpoint/wp/2015/02/18/fact-checking-american-sniper-as-the-oscars-near/
131.^ Jump up to: a b c Dockterman, Eliana (January 16, 2015). "The True Story Behind American Sniper". Time.
132.Jump up ^ McWeeny, Drew (December 1, 2014). "The Real Star of American Sniper is a Creepy Robot Baby". Hitfix. Retrieved July 4, 2015.
133.Jump up ^ Freydkin, Donna (January 19, 2015). "Why is the Baby in American Sniper Fake". USA Today. Retrieved July 4, 2015.
134.Jump up ^ Galuppo, Mia (January 19, 2015). "American Sniper‍ '​s Fake Baby Mocked by Critics, Moviegoers". Hollywood Reporter. Retrieved July 4, 2015.
135.Jump up ^ Respers France, Lisa (February 22, 2015). "'American Sniper', the Oscars, and that Fake Baby". CNN. Retrieved July 4, 2015.
136.^ Jump up to: a b Vincent, Alice (January 19, 2015). "The Mystery of American Sniper‍ '​s Plastic Babies". The Daily Telegraph (London). Retrieved July 4, 2015.
137.Jump up ^ Galuppo, Mia (January 19, 2015). "American Sniper‍ '​s Fake Baby Mocked by Critics, Moviegoers". Hollywood Reporter. Retrieved July 8, 2015.
138.Jump up ^ http://www.metacritic.com/feature/film-critic-top-10-lists-best-movies-of-2014
139.Jump up ^ "American Sniper Blu-ray". Blu-ray.com. Retrieved April 11, 2015.
140.Jump up ^ Thomas K. Arnold (May 28, 2015). "'American Sniper' Shoots to the Top of the Home-Video Charts". Variety ((Penske Media Corporation)). Retrieved May 29, 2015.
141.Jump up ^ "Oscar Nominations: 'Grand Budapest Hotel' & 'Birdman' Lead Way With 9 Noms; 'Imitation Game' Scores 8". Deadline.com. January 15, 2015. Retrieved January 15, 2015.
142.Jump up ^ "'Birdman', 'Foxcatcher' Among Art Directors Guild Nominees". Deadline.com. January 5, 2015. Retrieved January 5, 2015.
143.Jump up ^ McNary, Dave (January 2, 2015). "'American Sniper', 'Boyhood', 'Gone Girl' Among ACE Eddie Award Nominees (FULL LIST)". Variety. Retrieved January 2, 2015.
144.Jump up ^ "AFI List of Top Ten Films Expands to Include 11 Movies". The Hollywood Reporter. December 9, 2014. Retrieved December 9, 2014.
145.Jump up ^ "BAFTA Nominations: 'Grand Budapest Hotel' Leads With 11 – Full List". Deadline.com. January 8, 2015. Retrieved January 9, 2015.
146.Jump up ^ "Cinema Audio Society Nominates 'American Sniper', 'True Detective' and More". Indiewire. January 13, 2015. Retrieved January 13, 2015.
147.Jump up ^ Erik Pedersen. "Critics' Choice Awards Winners 2015 — Full List: 'Boyhood', 'Birdman' - Deadline". Deadline.
148.Jump up ^ "Denver critics nominate 'American Sniper', 'Birdman' and 'Inherent Vice'". Hitfix. January 7, 2015. Retrieved January 9, 2014.
149.Jump up ^ "Denver critics name Clint Eastwood's 'American Sniper' the year's best film". Hitfix. January 12, 2015. Retrieved January 12, 2015.
150.Jump up ^ "DGA Awards Film Nominations: Anderson, Eastwood, Inarritu, Linklater, Tyldum". Deadline.com. January 13, 2015. Retrieved January 13, 2015.
151.Jump up ^ "Vote Now For The Jameson Empire Awards 2015". empireonline.com.
152.Jump up ^ "'Boyhood' is Iowa Critics' Best Picture of 2014". Hitfix. January 7, 2015. Retrieved January 9, 2015.
153.Jump up ^ "'Birdman', 'Apes' Top 2015 Golden Reel Nominations". Deadline.com. January 14, 2015. Retrieved January 14, 2015.
154.Jump up ^ "Here Are Your 2015 MTV Movie Awards Nominees". MTV News.
155.Jump up ^ "National Board of Review Announces 2014 Award Winners". National Board of Review. December 2, 2014. Retrieved December 2, 2014.
156.Jump up ^ "'American Sniper', 'Birdman' & 'Boyhood' Among PGA Awards Nominees". Deadline.com. January 5, 2015. Retrieved January 5, 2015.
157.Jump up ^ "Writers Guild Awards Nominations: 'Whiplash', 'Gone Girl', 'Guardians' On Diverse List". Deadline.com. January 7, 2015. Retrieved January 7, 2015.
External links[edit]
 Wikiquote has quotations related to: American Sniper
Official website
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American Sniper at AllMovie
American Sniper at Box Office Mojo
American Sniper at Metacritic
American Sniper at Rotten Tomatoes


[hide]
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Films directed by Clint Eastwood

 
Play Misty for Me (1971) ·
 High Plains Drifter (1973) ·
 Breezy (1973) ·
 The Eiger Sanction (1975) ·
 The Outlaw Josey Wales (1976) ·
 The Gauntlet (1977) ·
 Bronco Billy (1980) ·
 Firefox (1982) ·
 Honkytonk Man (1982) ·
 Sudden Impact (1983) ·
 Pale Rider (1985) ·
 Heartbreak Ridge (1986) ·
 Bird (1988) ·
 White Hunter Black Heart (1990) ·
 The Rookie (1990) ·
 Unforgiven (1992) ·
 A Perfect World (1993) ·
 The Bridges of Madison County (1995) ·
 Absolute Power (1997) ·
 Midnight in the Garden of Good and Evil (1997) ·
 True Crime (1999) ·
 Space Cowboys (2000) ·
 Blood Work (2002) ·
 Piano Blues (2003) ·
 Mystic River (2003) ·
 Million Dollar Baby (2004) ·
 Flags of Our Fathers (2006) ·
 Letters from Iwo Jima (2006) ·
 Changeling (2008) ·
 Gran Torino (2008) ·
 Invictus (2009) ·
 Hereafter (2010) ·
 J. Edgar (2011) ·
 Jersey Boys (2014) ·
 American Sniper (2014) ·
 Sully (2016)
 

  


Categories: 2014 films
English-language films
2010s biographical films
2010s drama films
2010s war films
American biographical films
American drama films
American films
American war films
Anti-war films
Auro 11.1 films
Biographical films about military personnel
Dolby Atmos films
Drama films based on actual events
Films about snipers
Films based on non-fiction books
Films directed by Clint Eastwood
Films that won the Best Sound Editing Academy Award
Films set in 1998
Films set in 2013
Films set in Texas
Films set in the 1980s
Films set in the 2000s
Films shot in Los Angeles, California
Films shot in California
Iraq War films
Malpaso Productions films
Village Roadshow Pictures films
United States Navy SEALs in films
War drama films
War films based on actual events
Warner Bros. films




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