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Twilight (series)

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This article is about the Stephenie Meyer novels. For the film series, see The Twilight Saga (film series). For other uses, see Twilight (disambiguation).
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Twilight
The twilight saga hardback.jpg
Complete set of the Twilight series with the spin-off novella, The Short Second Life of Bree Tanner.

Twilight
New Moon
Eclipse
Breaking Dawn

Author
Stephenie Meyer
Country
United States
Language
English
Genre
Romance, fantasy, young-adult fiction
Publisher
Little, Brown and Company
Published
2005–08
Media type
Print
Twilight is a series of four vampire-themed fantasy romance novels by American author Stephenie Meyer. It charts a period in the life of Isabella "Bella" Swan, a teenage girl who moves to Forks, Washington, and falls in love with a 104-year-old vampire named Edward Cullen. The series is told primarily from Bella's point of view, with the epilogue of Eclipse and Part II of Breaking Dawn being told from the viewpoint of character Jacob Black, a werewolf. The unpublished Midnight Sun is a retelling of the first book, Twilight, from Edward Cullen's point of view. The novella The Short Second Life of Bree Tanner, which tells the story of a newborn vampire who appeared in Eclipse, was published on June 5, 2010 as a hardcover book and on June 7 as a free online ebook.[1] The Twilight Saga: The Official Illustrated Guide, a definitive encyclopedic reference with nearly 100 full colour illustrations, was released in bookstores on April 12, 2011.[2]
Since the release of the first novel, Twilight, in 2005, the books have gained immense popularity and commercial success around the world. The series is most popular among young adults; the four books have won multiple awards, most notably the 2008 British Book Award for "Children's Book of the Year" for Breaking Dawn,[3] while the series as a whole won the 2009 Kids' Choice Award for Favorite Book.[4]
As of October 2010, the series has sold over 116 million copies worldwide[5] with translations into at least 38 different languages around the globe.[6][7] The four Twilight books have consecutively set records as the biggest selling novels of 2008 on the USA Today Best-Selling Books list[8] and have spent over 235 weeks on the New York Times Best Seller list for Children's Series Books.[9]
The books have been made into The Twilight Saga series of motion pictures by Summit Entertainment. The film adaptations of the first three books were released in 2008, 2009, and 2010 respectively. The fourth book is adapted into two full-length films — the first film being released in November 2011, and the second film in November 2012.[10]

Contents
  [hide] 1 Plot overview 1.1 Twilight
1.2 New Moon
1.3 Eclipse
1.4 Breaking Dawn
1.5 Main characters
2 Setting
3 Structure and genre
4 Inspiration and themes
5 Origins and publishing history
6 Other books
7 Reception 7.1 Positive reception
7.2 Criticism
7.3 Legal controversy
7.4 Book challenges
8 Film adaptations
9 Conventions
10 See also
11 References
12 External links
Plot overview
Twilight
Main article: Twilight (novel)
Bella Swan moves from Phoenix, Arizona to live with her father in Forks, Washington to allow her mother to travel with her new husband, a minor league baseball player. After moving to Forks, Bella finds herself involuntarily drawn to a mysterious, handsome boy, Edward Cullen. She eventually learns that he is a member of a vampire family who drinks animal blood rather than human blood. Edward and Bella fall in love, while James, a sadistic vampire from another coven, is drawn to hunt down Bella. Edward and the other Cullens defend Bella. She escapes to Phoenix, Arizona, where she is tricked into confronting James, who tries to kill her. She is seriously wounded, but Edward rescues her and they return to Forks, having killed James. Ayelet Gross, Noa Grunhaus, and Michal Amar are featured as Bella's old friends from Phoenix.

Photo of a three-lane main street in a small town. Visible is a traffic light, sparse traffic, and businesses such as a car lot and gas station.

 Forks, Washington
New Moon
Main article: New Moon (novel)
Edward and his family leave Forks because he believes he is endangering Bella's life. Bella goes into a depression until she develops a strong friendship with Jacob Black, whom she discovers can shape-shift into a wolf. Jacob and the other wolves in his tribe must protect her from Victoria, a vampire seeking to avenge the death of her mate James. Due to a misunderstanding, Edward believes Bella is dead. Edward decides to commit suicide in Volterra, Italy, but is stopped by Bella, who is accompanied by Edward's sister, Alice. They meet with the Volturi, a powerful vampire coven, and are released only on the condition that Bella be turned into a vampire in the near future. Bella and Edward are reunited, and she and the Cullens return to Forks.
Eclipse
Main article: Eclipse (Meyer novel)
Victoria has created an army of "newborn" vampires to battle the Cullen family and murder Bella for revenge. Meanwhile, Bella is compelled to choose between her relationship with Edward and her friendship with Jacob. Edward's vampire family and Jacob's werewolf pack join forces to successfully destroy Victoria and her vampire army. In the end, Bella chooses Edward's love over Jacob's friendship and agrees to marry him.
Breaking Dawn
Main article: Breaking Dawn
Bella and Edward are married, but their honeymoon is cut short when Bella discovers that she is pregnant. Her pregnancy progresses rapidly, severely weakening her. She nearly dies giving birth to her and Edward's half-vampire-half-human daughter, Renesmee. Edward injects Bella with his venom to save her life and turns her into a vampire. A vampire from another coven sees Renesmee and mistakes her for an "immortal child". She informs the Volturi, as the existence of such beings violates vampire law. The Cullens gather vampire witnesses who can verify that Renesmee is not an immortal child. After an intense confrontation, the Cullens and their witnesses convince the Volturi that the child poses no danger to vampires or their secret, and they are left in peace by the Volturi.
Main characters
See also: List of Twilight characters
Bella Swan– The protagonist of the series, teenager Bella is a perpetually clumsy "danger magnet" with dark brown hair and brown eyes. She is often portrayed as having low self-esteem and unable to comprehend Edward's love for her. She has an immunity to supernatural abilities involving the mind, such as Edward's mind-reading ability. After her transformation into a vampire in the saga's fourth installment, Bella acquires the ability to shield both herself and others from "mental harm" from other vampires.
Edward Cullen– Edward is a vampire who lives with a coven of like-minded vampires known as the Cullen family, who feed on animals rather than humans. Over the course of the Twilight series, Edward falls in love with, marries, and then has a child with Bella. At first, Edward feels a mutual hatred toward Jacob Black because of his love for Bella, but in Breaking Dawn, he comes to see Jacob as a brother and friend. Like some vampires, Edward has a supernatural ability: mind reading. It allows him to read anyone's thoughts within a few miles' radius. Bella is immune to his power as a human, but learns how to lower this "shield" after her transformation to a vampire.
Jacob Black– A minor character in the first novel, Jacob is introduced as a member of the Quileute tribe. He resurfaces in New Moon with a larger role as Bella's best friend as she struggles through her depression over losing Edward. Although he is in love with Bella, she initially sees him as just her best friend. He and other tribe members can shape-shift into wolves. In Eclipse Bella realizes that she loves Jacob, though her feelings for him are overpowered by her love for Edward Cullen. In Breaking Dawn, Jacob finds a soul mate in Bella and Edward's baby daughter, Renesmee, ridding him of his heartache for Bella.
Setting

Photo of an Italian town on a hillside, with a six-sided tower and tiled roof tops.

 Volterra
The story is set primarily in the town of Forks, Washington, where Bella and her father, Charlie Swan, live. Other cities in Washington briefly appear in the series or are mentioned, such as Port Angeles, Olympia, Seattle and La Push. Some events in Twilight take place in Phoenix, Arizona, where Bella was raised. Volterra, Italy, is featured in New Moon, when Edward travels there to commit suicide and Bella rushes to save him. Jacksonville, Florida, is mentioned first in Twilight and second in Eclipse, when Edward and Bella visit Bella's mother, who has moved there with her new husband. Seattle, Washington, is featured in Breaking Dawn when Jacob tries to escape his love for Bella, and when Bella tries to locate a man named J. Jenks. It is also the location of a series of murders committed by newborn vampires in Eclipse. In Breaking Dawn, Bella and Edward spend their honeymoon on a fictional "Isle Esme", purportedly off the coast of Brazil.
Structure and genre
The Twilight series falls under the genre of young adult, fantasy, and romance, though Meyer categorized her first book, Twilight, as "suspense romance horror comedy".[11] However, she states that she considers her books as "romance more than anything else".[11] The series explores the unorthodox romance between human Bella and vampire Edward, as well as the love triangle between Bella, Edward, and Jacob, a werewolf.[12] The books avoid delving into provocative sex, drugs, and harsh swearing because, according to Meyer, "I don't think teens need to read about gratuitous sex."[13]
The books are written in first-person narrative, primarily through Bella's eyes with the epilogue of the third book and a part of the fourth book being from Jacob's point of view. When asked about the structure of the novel, Meyer described her difficulty to pinpoint the premise of the novels to any specific category:

I have a hard time with that. Because if I say to someone, 'You know, it's about vampires,' then immediately they have this mental image of what the book is like. And it's so not like the other vampire books out there–Anne Rice's and the few that I've read. It isn't that kind of dark and dreary and blood-thirsty world. Then when you say, 'It's set in high school,' a lot of people immediately put it in another pool. It's easy to pigeonhole with different descriptions.[14]
The books are based on the vampire myth, but Twilight vampires differ in a number of particulars from the general vampire lore. For instance, Twilight vampires have strong piercing teeth rather than fangs; they glitter in sunlight rather than burn; and they can drink animal as well as human blood. Meyer comments that her vampire mythology differs from that of other authors because she wasn't informed about the canon vampires, saying,

It wasn't until I knew that Twilight would be published that I began to think about whether my vampires were too much the same or too much different from the others. Of course, I was far too invested in my characters at that point to be making changes... so I didn't cut out fangs and coffins and so forth as a way to distinguish my vampires; that's just how they came to me.[15]
Inspiration and themes
According to the author, her books are "about life, not death" and "love, not lust".[16] Each book in the series was inspired by and loosely based on a different literary classic: Twilight on Jane Austen's Pride and Prejudice, New Moon on Shakespeare's Romeo and Juliet, Eclipse on Emily Brontë's Wuthering Heights, and Breaking Dawn on a second Shakespeare play, A Midsummer Night's Dream.[17] Meyer also states that Orson Scott Card and L. M. Montgomery's Anne of Green Gables series are a big influence on her writing.[14]
Other major themes of the series include choice and free will.[14][18] Meyer says that the books are centered around Bella's choice to choose her life on her own, and the Cullens' choices to abstain from killing rather than follow their temptations: "I really think that's the underlying metaphor of my vampires. It doesn't matter where you're stuck in life or what you think you have to do; you can always choose something else. There's always a different path."[18]
Meyer, a Mormon, acknowledges that her faith has influenced her work. In particular, she says that her characters "tend to think more about where they came from, and where they are going, than might be typical."[13] Meyer also steers her work from subjects such as sex, despite the romantic nature of the novels. Meyer says that she does not consciously intend her novels to be Mormon-influenced, or to promote the virtues of sexual abstinence and spiritual purity, but admits that her writing is shaped by her values, saying, "I don't think my books are going to be really graphic or dark, because of who I am. There's always going to be a lot of light in my stories."[19]
Origins and publishing history
Stephenie Meyer says that the idea for Twilight came to her in a dream on June 2, 2003. The dream was about a human girl, and a vampire who was in love with her but thirsted for her blood. Based on this dream, Meyer wrote the transcript of what is now chapter 13 of the book.[20] Despite having very little writing experience, in a matter of three months she had transformed that dream into a completed novel.[18] After writing and editing the novel, she signed a three-book deal with Little, Brown and Company for $750,000, an unusually high amount for a first time author.[21] Megan Tingley, the editor who signed Meyer, says that halfway through the reading manuscript she realized that she had a future bestseller in her hands.[22] The book was released in 2005.
Following the success of Twilight, Meyer expanded the story into a series with three more books: New Moon (2006), Eclipse (2007), and Breaking Dawn (2008). In its first week after publication, the first sequel, New Moon, debuted at #5 on the New York Times Best Seller List for Children's Chapter Books, and in its second week rose to the #1 position, where it remained for the next eleven weeks. In total, it spent over 50 weeks on the list.[23] After the release of Eclipse, the first three "Twilight" books spent a combined 143 weeks on the New York Times Best Seller List.[18] The fourth installment of the Twilight series, Breaking Dawn, was released with an initial print run of 3.7 million copies.[24] Over 1.3 million copies were sold on the first day alone, setting a record in first-day sales performance for the Hachette Book Group USA.[25] Upon the completion of the fourth entry in the series, Meyer indicated that Breaking Dawn would be the final novel to be told from Bella Swan's perspective.[26] In 2008 and 2009, the four books of the series claimed the top four spots on USA Today's year-end bestseller list, making Meyer the first author to ever achieve this feat.[27][28] The series then won the 2009 Kids' Choice Award for Favorite Book, where it competed against the Harry Potter series.[4]
Other books
Meyer originally planned to write a companion book to Twilight called Midnight Sun, which would be the story of Twilight told from Edward Cullen's point-of-view. She stated that Twilight was the only book that she planned to rewrite from Edward's perspective.[29] However, a rough draft of Midnight Sun's first twelve chapters was leaked on the internet. Meyer has since put these twelve chapters on her website so that her fans could read them for free,[30] but has put the project on hold indefinitely due to her feelings about the situation. She stated,

If I tried to write Midnight Sun now, in my current frame of mind, James would probably win and all the Cullens would die, which wouldn't dovetail too well with the original story. In any case, I feel too sad about what has happened to continue working on Midnight Sun, and so it is on hold indefinitely.[31]
Though she has no current plans to do so, Meyer has also stated that if she were to continue writing in the same universe she would write from the perspective of either Leah Clearwater or Bella and Edward's daughter, Renesmee Cullen.[32]
On March 16, 2010 Yen Press released Twilight: The Graphic Novel, Vol. 1, by artist Young Kim based on the first book in the series.[33] In February 2011, the graphic novel won the 2010 Gem Awards Best Manga of the Year.[34] The sequel, Twilight: The Graphic Novel, Vol. 2 was released on October 11, 2011[35] and followed Volume 1 in topping The New York Times Best Seller list for Hardcover Graphic Books in its first week.[36] On March 30, 2010, Meyer revealed on her official website that she will be releasing a new novella in the series, The Short Second Life of Bree Tanner, which tells the story of a newborn vampire who appeared in Eclipse, on June 5, 2010.[1] An electronic version of the book was made available free from her web site, as well as in bookstores.[37]
On October 5, 2010, Little, Brown and Company announced that The Twilight Saga: The Official Illustrated Guide, a definitive encyclopedic reference for the saga including character profiles, outtakes, a conversation with Meyer, genealogical charts, maps and extensive cross-references with nearly 100 full color illustrations, was to be released on April 12, 2011, after many publication delays since 2008.[38] It debuted at #1 on The New York Times Best Seller list, where it stayed for three consecutive weeks,[39][40][41] and at #4 on the USA Today Best Seller list.[42]
Reception
The response to Twilight has been mixed. While the books have become immensely popular, they have also generated much controversy.
Positive reception
Twilight has gathered much acclaim, especially for its popularity. The Times lauded it for capturing "perfectly the teenage feeling of sexual tension and alienation."[43] Other reviews described Twilight as an "exquisite fantasy",[44] and a "gripping blend of romance and horror".[45] Lev Grossman of Time wrote that the books have a "pillowy quality distinctly reminiscent of Internet fan fiction", but still praised the series, comparing it to The Lord of the Rings and Harry Potter:

People do not want to just read Meyer's books; they want to climb inside them and live there... There's no literary term for the quality Twilight and Harry Potter (and The Lord of the Rings) share, but you know it when you see it: their worlds have a freestanding internal integrity that makes you feel as if you should be able to buy real estate there.[18]
Most of the reviews, however, have focused on Twilight's popularity, rather than actually praising it for literary standards. The Seattle Post-Intelligencer called the book a "hot new teen novel",[46] Entertainment Weekly called Meyer "the world's most popular vampire novelist since Anne Rice",[47] The New York Times described Twilight as a "literary phenomenon",[48] and Matt Arado of Daily Herald noted that the Twilight books have become the "hottest publishing phenomenon since a certain bespectacled wizard cast his spell on the world."[49] The large and diverse online fan community of the series are often noted, sometimes even being called "cult-like".[50][51] Despite this, the series is often considered to have a wider appeal; Crystal Mack of Daily Herald said, "While teenage girls are the main audience, young boys and adults of both genders have also been swept up in the phenomenon."[52]



 An Arabic Twilight promotional poster in a bookshop in Dubai. By late 2009, the books had reportedly sold 100,000 copies in English across the UAE.[53]
The author and the series' popularity are often compared with J. K. Rowling and Harry Potter.[18][54] Describing the fan following of the books, the Phoenix New Times wrote, "Meyer's fandom is reminiscent of Harry Potter mania."[22] The Daily Telegraph described Twilight as the "spiritual successor to Harry Potter".[55] Rebekah Bradford of The Post and Courier stated that the series has a "huge crossover appeal much like the Harry Potter books before them."[56] According to the Daily Telegraph, "Stephenie Meyer, in particular, has achieved incredible success across all the English-speaking nations and Europe and many will say that her Twilight series has filled the hole left by Harry Potter."[57] Meyer has responded to such comparisons, saying, "It's terribly flattering to be compared to her, but there's never going to be another J. K. Rowling; that's a phenomenon that's not gonna happen again", however noting that "you can compare my fans to her fans more easily [than me to her]. I do think that we both have people who are just really really enthusiastic, and will come miles to see you and be involved, and everybody really cares about our characters."[58]



 A store catering to tourists interested in the Twilight series in Forks, Washington.
Economically, the town of Forks, Washington, the setting for the Twilight series, has improved due to tourism from fans of the books.[59] Forks is visited by an average of 8,000 tourists per month,[60] and has been described as a "mecca for Twilighters".[61] In response to plans for the aging Forks High School to be renovated, Twilight fans have teamed up with Infinite Jewelry Co. and the West Olympic Peninsula Betterment Association to collect donations in an attempt to save the brick appearance or the building altogether.[62]
Criticism
The series has garnered much controversy, both over its literary substance and over the type of relationship portrayed in the books.
Many have derided the series as poor writing. While comparing Stephenie Meyer to JK Rowling, Stephen King said, "the real difference [between J. K. Rowling and Meyer] is that Jo Rowling is a terrific writer, and Stephenie Meyer can't write worth a darn. She's not very good."[63][64] However, King understood the appeal of the series, adding, "People are attracted by the stories, by the pace and in the case of Stephenie Meyer, it's very clear that she's writing to a whole generation of girls and opening up kind of a safe joining of love and sex in those books. It's exciting and it's thrilling and it's not particularly threatening because it's not overtly sexual."[64]
Laura Miller of Salon.com wrote that "the characters, such as they are, are stripped down to a minimum, lacking the texture and idiosyncrasies of actual people", and said that "Twilight would be a lot more persuasive as an argument that an 'amazing heart' counts for more than appearances if it didn't harp so incessantly on Edward's superficial splendors."[65]
Elizabeth Hand of The Washington Post wrote, "Meyer's prose seldom rises above the serviceable, and the plotting is leaden."[66] The article, featured on the Yahoo! website Shine, also criticized the books and the author's final word on the series was, "Good books deal with themes of longing and loneliness, sexual passion and human frailty, alienation and fear just as the Twilight books do. But they do so by engaging us with complexities of feeling and subtleties of character, expressed in language that rises above banal mediocrity. Their reward is something more than just an escape into banal mediocrity. We deserve something better to get hooked on."[67][68]
The books have also been widely critiqued as promoting, normalizing, and idealizing an emotionally and physically abusive relationship. Sci-fi website i09 noted that Bella and Edward's relationship meets all fifteen criteria set by the National Domestic Violence Hotline for being in an abusive relationship.[69] L. Lee Butler of Young Adult Library Services Association commented how he was unusually hesitant to stock the Twilight books in his library because he felt the books were "robbing [teen girls] of agency and normalizing stalking and abusive behavior."[70] Many female-oriented and feminist media outlets, like Jezebel,[71] The Frisky,[72] and Salon.com have decried Twilight as promoting an anti-woman message.[73] Bitch magazine stated the novels "had created a new, popular genre of "abstinence porn", concluding that, "In reality, the abstinence message—wrapped in the genre of abstinence porn—objectifies Bella in the same ways that 'real' porn might. The Twilight books conflate Bella losing her virginity with the loss of other things, including her sense of self and her very life. Such a high-stakes treatment of abstinence reinforces the idea that Bella is powerless, an object, a fact that is highlighted when we get to the sex scenes in Breaking Dawn."[74] Ms. declared that Twilight promotes a physically abusive relationship and an anti-abortion message.[75] However, writer Angela Aleiss of Religion News Service said that contrary to popular opinion, Mormons do permit abortion when the mother's life is in danger. Bella's refusal to abort her fetus, along with her quick marriage and pregnancy, instead underscore the Mormon emphasis on family.[76]
Various psychology experts have come out in agreement with the assessment of the relationship as abusive.[77] Melissa Henson, Director of communication and public education for the Parents Television Council, stated:

To impressionable teens, domestic violence is almost romanticized. We’ve made great strides in recent years in clearly communicating the message that is never okay to hit a woman...Today, the hidden message in the entertainment consumed by many impressionable teens is that if he hits you, it is out of love – which is absolutely wrong.[78]
Many entertainment and media outlets have made similar comments on the abusive nature of Bella and Edward's relationship, including Entertainment Weekly,[79] Movieline,[80] and Mediabistro.com.[81]
Meyer has dismissed such criticisms, arguing both that the books center around Bella's choice, which she perceives as the foundation of modern feminism, and that Bella's damsel in distress persona is due only to her humanity.[82] Meyer also added, "Just because [Bella] doesn't do kung fu and she cooks for her father doesn't make her worthy of that criticism".[83] Shannon Simcox of The Daily Collegian has similarly dismissed the criticism surrounding Bella, commenting, "While Bella plays the perfect damsel in distress that gets herself into sticky situations, she is also very in control of herself. She chose to move to Forks and be in a new place; she constantly faces a bunch of people who want to suck the life right out of her, and she is constantly pleading to become a vampire, too, so she can take care of herself and Edward."[84]
Legal controversy
In December 2010, professional singer Matthew Smith, known as Matt Heart, sued Summit Entertainment in the case Smith v. Summit Entertainment LLC. Smith's song "Eternal Knight" was posted on several websites accompanied by cover art which Summit claimed used its "Twilight" typeface mark. Smith won four of the seven causes of action, including his right to continue distribution of his copyrighted song, under the terms that he remove any reference to "Twilight" or the "Twilight Saga".[85]
Book challenges
The Twilight series made the number five spot on the American Library Association's (ALA) Top Ten List of the Most Frequently Challenged Books of 2009, for being "Sexually Explicit", "Unsuited to Age Group", and having a "Religious Viewpoint".[86]
Film adaptations
Main article: The Twilight Saga (film series)
A screenplay for Twilight was written by Melissa Rosenberg and has been adapted into a film by Summit Entertainment. The film was directed by Catherine Hardwicke, with Kristen Stewart and Robert Pattinson in the leading roles of Isabella Swan and Edward Cullen, respectively. The movie was released in the United States on November 21, 2008.[87] Twilight: The Complete Illustrated Movie Companion, written by Mark Cotta Vaz, was released October 28.[88]
On November 22, 2008, following the box office success of Twilight, Summit Entertainment confirmed a sequel, called The Twilight Saga: New Moon, based on the second book in the series, New Moon.[89] The film was released on November 20, 2009. The Twilight Saga: New Moon was released on DVD and Blu-ray on March 20, 2010 through midnight release parties.[90] That same day, Summit Entertainment released Twilight in Forks, a documentary about the primary setting of the Twilight series, Forks, Washington.[91] Topics Entertainment released its own documentary about Forks and the Twilight series on March 16, called Forks: Bitten by Twilight.[92]
The third installment in the series, The Twilight Saga: Eclipse, was released on June 30, 2010.[93][94] The fourth installment, The Twilight Saga: Breaking Dawn – Part 1 was released November 18, 2011, And the fifth and last installment, The Twilight Saga: Breaking Dawn – Part 2 was released November 16, 2012.[95]
Conventions
While the Twilight series has been a visible presence in many conventions such as ComicCon, there have also been many conventions whose main focus has been on the Twilight series (books and films). Some notable conventions have been Twicon and a series of "Official Twilight Conventions" that are being held by Creation Entertainment.[96]
See also
The Host (2013 film)
The Host (novel)
References
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33.Jump up ^ Jordan, Tina (2010-01-20). "Exclusive: Twilight: The Graphic Novel". Shelf-life.ew.com. Retrieved 2011-07-29.
34.Jump up ^ "Young Kim's Twilight a big winner at the Gem Awards". Asia Pacific Arts. 2011-02-28.
35.Jump up ^ "'Twilight: The Graphic Novel' Vol. 2". ICv2. May 23, 2011. Retrieved May 27, 2011.
36.Jump up ^ Schuessler, Jennifer (October 23, 2011). "Best Sellers - The New York Times". The New York Times. Retrieved October 27, 2011.
37.Jump up ^ "Twilight Series | The Short Second Life of Bree Tanner". StephenieMeyer.com. Retrieved 2011-07-29.
38.Jump up ^ "The Twilight Saga: The Official Illustrated Guide". The Twilight Saga. October 5, 2011. Retrieved May 27, 2011.
39.Jump up ^ Schuessler, Jennifer (May 1, 2011). "Best Sellers - The New York Times". The New York Times. Retrieved May 27, 2011.
40.Jump up ^ Schuessler, Jennifer (May 8, 2011). "Best Sellers - The New York Times". The New York Times. Retrieved May 27, 2011.
41.Jump up ^ Schuessler, Jennifer (May 15, 2011). "Best Sellers - The New York Times". The New York Times. Retrieved May 27, 2011.
42.Jump up ^ "USA TODAY's Best-Selling Books list". USA TODAY. April 21, 2011. Retrieved May 27, 2011.
43.Jump up ^ Craig, Amanda (2006-01-14). "New-Age vampires stake their claim". London: The Times. Retrieved 2009-04-14.
44.Jump up ^ "Editorial Reviews". Amazon. Retrieved 2009-04-14.
45.Jump up ^ Piehl, Norah. "Twilight" (review). Teen reads. Retrieved 2009-04-14.
46.Jump up ^ "'Twilight' takes place in Forks, Wash.". Seattle Post-Intelligencer. 2005-10-04. Retrieved 2009-08-16.
47.Jump up ^ Kirschling, Gregory (2007-08-02). "Stephenie Meyer's 'Twilight' Zone". Entertainment Weekly. Retrieved 2009‐04-14.
48.Jump up ^ Bosman, Julie (2008-08-02). "Book Stokes Vampire Feverat Stores' Parties". The New York Times. Retrieved 2009-08-16.
49.Jump up ^ Arado, Matt (2008-07-29). "Hype, excitement building for 'Twilight' finale 'Breaking Dawn'". Daily Herald. Retrieved 2009-08-16.
50.Jump up ^ Merrill, Julie (May 1, 2008). "The Twilight Phenomenon". Book stove. Retrieved December 7, 2008.
51.Jump up ^ Green, Heather (July 31, 2008). "The Online Fan World of the Twilight Vampire Books". BusinessWeek. Retrieved 2008-12-07.
52.Jump up ^ Crystal Mack (2008-07-28). "Local libraries prepping for 'Twilight' finale". Daily Herald. Retrieved 2009-08-16.
53.Jump up ^ Shaheen, Kareem (2009-09-12). "Search for a new chapter in Arabic youth fiction". The National 2 (149). p. 4. Retrieved 2009-09-12.
54.Jump up ^ Valby, Karen (July 18, 2008). "Stephenie Meyer: Inside the 'Twilight' Saga". Entertainment Weekly (1002). Retrieved December 7, 2008.
55.Jump up ^ "Stephenie Meyer: the million-dollar vampire mom" (profile). London: The Daily Telegraph. 2008-11-27. Retrieved 2009-08-16.
56.Jump up ^ Bradford, Rebekah (2008-11-23). "'Twilight' lightning for publishing". The Post and Courier. Retrieved 2009-08-16.
57.Jump up ^ "Twilight vampire series author Stephenie Meyer hailed as new JK Rowling". London: Daily Telegraph. 2009-03-04. Retrieved 2009-08-16.
58.Jump up ^ Carroll, Larry (April 10, 2008). "'Twilight' Author Stephenie Meyer Sees J.K. Rowling As Kindred Spirit". MTV Movies Blog. Retrieved December 7, 2008.
59.Jump up ^ Ramirez, Marc (July 27, 2008). "Fans of "Twilight" vampire series pump new blood into Forks". The Seattle Times. Retrieved 2008-08-31.
60.Jump up ^ O'Sullivan, Kay (2009-07-25). "Small English town becomes Twilight zone". Melbourne: The Age. Retrieved 2009-07-25.
61.Jump up ^ Margolies, Jane (2009-09-22). "'Twilighters' Put Small Town in the Spotlight". The New York Times. Retrieved 2009-09-22.
62.Jump up ^ Dickerson, Paige (September 12, 2008). "Twilight fans campaign to donate to help save brick building of Forks High School". Peninsula Daily News. Retrieved 2008-09-17.
63.Jump up ^ Tuitt, Brain (March 6–8, 2009), "It's great to be the King", USA Weekend: 7.
64.^ Jump up to: a b "Stephen King says 'Twilight' author 'can't write'", MSNBR, MSN, February 3, 2009.
65.Jump up ^ Miller, Laura (August 30, 2007). "Touched by a vampire". Salon.com. Retrieved September 17, 2008.
66.Jump up ^ Hand, Elizabeth (2008-08-10). "Love Bites". The Washington Post. Retrieved 2010-05-26.
67.Jump up ^ "Oh No. Not Twi-Moms". Mommy Tracked. Retrieved 2011-07-29.
68.Jump up ^ "Oh, no, not Twi‐Moms", Astrology, Yahoo![dead link].
69.Jump up ^ McMillan, Graeme (2009-11-28). "Official: Twilight’s Bella & Edward Are In An Abusive Relationship". i09. Retrieved 21 November 2011.
70.Jump up ^ Butler, L Lee (2009-11-24). "Twilight and Abusive Relationships". ALA. Retrieved 21 November 2011.
71.Jump up ^ Dodai Stewart (2009-11-30). "Twilight’s Hero Is Abusive, Which Makes Him All The More Romantic". Jezebel. Retrieved November 21, 2011.
72.Jump up ^ McDonell-Parry, Amelia (2009-11-30). ""Twilight" Love Story Has All The Components of An Abusive Relationship". The Frisky. Retrieved 21 November 2011.
73.Jump up ^ Miller, Laura (2008-07-30). "Touched by a vampire". Salon. Retrieved 2009-12-03.
74.Jump up ^ Christine Seifert. "Bite Me! (Or Don't)". bitchmagazine.org. Retrieved 2009-12-03.
75.Jump up ^ Wilson, Natalie (2011-11-17). "Breaking Dawn: Part 1—An Anti-Abortion Message in a Bruised-Apple Package". MS magazine. Retrieved November 20, 2011.
76.Jump up ^ Angela Aleiss, "Mormon Influence, Imagery Runs Deep through Twilight", Religion News Service, June 23, 2010.
77.Jump up ^ Goodfriend, Wind (2011-11-09). "Relationship Violence in "Twilight"". Psychology today. Retrieved November 20, 2011.
78.Jump up ^ McKay, Hollie (2011-05-31). "Hollywood Perpetuating Dangerous Images of Domestic Violence in Teen Romances, Experts Say". News (Fox). Retrieved November 20, 2011.
79.Jump up ^ Gleiberman, Owen (2009-11-30). "Edward Cullen, stalker? Yes, but so is the hero of 'The Graduate'". EW. Retrieved 21 November 2011.
80.Jump up ^ Karen Nicoletti (2011-11-14). "Ashley Greene on Breaking Dawn, Stephenie Meyer and Twilight’s Accidental Domestic Abuse". Movie line. Retrieved November 21, 2011.
81.Jump up ^ Hogan, Ron. "Is Team Edward Enabling Domestic Violence?". 2009-11-30. Media bistro. Retrieved November 21, 2011.
82.Jump up ^ "New Moon: The Story". StephenieMeyer.com. Retrieved November 13, 2008.
83.Jump up ^ Karen Valby (2009-09-29). "'Breaking Dawn': 13 Notes for Newcomers". Entertainment Weekly. Retrieved 2009-11-21.
84.Jump up ^ Simcox, Shannon (2010‐7‐6). "Twilight hatred too over the top". The Daily Collegian. PSU. Retrieved 2010-07-16.
85.Jump up ^ "Smith v. Summit Entertainment LLC". Scholar. Google. Retrieved 7 November 2011.
86.Jump up ^ 21st century challenged books, ALA, 2009.
87.Jump up ^ Weiss, Sabrina Rojas (August 15, 2008). "Did 'Harry Potter' Release Date Change To Avoid 'Twilight' Competition?". MTV. Retrieved 2008-09-09.
88.Jump up ^ "Twilight: The Complete Illustrated Movie Companion". Amazon.com. Retrieved 2009-04-30.
89.Jump up ^ Martin, Denise (November 22, 2008). "'Twilight' sequel 'New Moon' gets the greenlight from Summit". Los Angeles Times. Retrieved 2008-11-24.
90.Jump up ^ Steve Weintraub (2010-01-15). "High Resolution DVD/Blu-ray Cover Art from The Twilight Saga: New Moon - Plus What Extras Are Included". Collider.com. Retrieved 2010-01-16.
91.Jump up ^ Debi Moore (2010-01-26). "Twilight in Forks DVD Release Details". DreadCentral.com. Dread Central Media, LLC. Retrieved 2010-01-27.
92.Jump up ^ Eriq Gardner (2010-02-10). "Summit sues to stop 'Twilight' documentary". The Hollywood Reporter. Retrieved 2010-02-11.
93.Jump up ^ Joshua Rich (2009-02-20). "'Twilight': Third film in series, 'Eclipse,' set for June 2010". Entertainment Weekly. Retrieved 2009-02-20.
94.Jump up ^ ""Eclipse" opening breaks record for biggest single-day wednesday opening". EW. com. Retrieved 2010-07-02.[dead link]
95.Jump up ^ "THE TWILIGHT SAGA: BREAKING DAWN Part 2 Gets Released November 16, 2012". Retrieved November 28, 2012.
96.Jump up ^ "Twilight AZ", Creation ent[dead link]
External links
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Twicon

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

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TwiCon

Status
Defunct
Venue
Sheraton Dallas Hotel
Location
Dallas, Texas
Country
United States
First held
2009
Last held
2009
Organizer
TwiCon Partners LLC
Filing status
For-profit
Attendance
3000[1]
Official website
http://www.twicon.org/
TwiCon was an unofficial Twilight fan convention which was held at the Sheraton Dallas Hotel from July 30 to August 2, 2009.[2] TwiCon featured a movie screening, live Twilight-inspired band performances, a Volturi Masque Ball, opportunities to meet Twilight cast, breakout sessions, panels, workshops, a vendor hall, and an artist alley.[3][4] Organizers and TwiCon Partners LLC co-owners included event planner Becky Scoggins and video blogger Bailey Gauthier.[5]
TwiCon's guests included Twilight actors Christian Serratos (Angela Weber), Billy Burke (Charlie Swan), Peter Facinelli (Dr. Carlisle Cullen), Jackson Rathbone (Jasper Hale), Kellan Lutz (Emmett Cullen), and New Moon actor Alex Meraz (wolf pack member Paul).[6][7] Sam Bradley, Marcus Foster, and Bobby Long, who all wrote songs included on the Twilight soundtrack, also attended.[8][9] Both MTV and ReelzChannel had contests to choose fans to act as correspondents at TwiCon.[1][10][11]

Contents
  [hide] 1 Reception
2 End
3 References
4 External links
Reception[edit]
Fan reception to the convention was mixed, with many con participants voicing that they were very unhappy with the way things were run. Many con-goers reported sessions not lasting their full time, as well as the con using volunteers for security.[12] The AV Club panned the convention overall, commenting that it was poorly thought out and that the merchandise area gave "the impression that Twicon exists solely to get impressionable fans to pay for crap".[13] Many fans noted that even the stars guesting at the convention appeared to be annoyed at the treatment given at the con,[14] though TwiCon representative Becky Scoggins insisted on the TwiCon forums that none of the stars present voiced any complaint over their stay at the con.[citation needed]
End[edit]
Citing both "competitive pressures" and "the persistent nature of the economic downturn", TwiCon Partners LLC announced that it would cease operations on March 13, 2010.[15] Organizers said that "non-refundable deposits" and payments to "professional service providers" left them with insufficient funds to "cover the next round of deposits due to host the event".[16] This cancelled TwiCon events planned for Ottawa in June 2010 and Las Vegas in late July 2010.[15] (The Ottawa event was originally scheduled for Toronto but was forced to relocate due to the 2010 G-20 Toronto summit.)[17] No official statements were ever released to the convention website as to the availability of refunds for ticketholders, although Scoggins claimed that her company had no control over the finances and that letters pertaining to the availability of refunds were forthcoming. [18] [19]
References[edit]
1.^ Jump up to: a b Michels, Partick (31 July 2009). "This Weekend, Twilight Superfans Make Downtown Dallas Their Playground". Dallas Observer. Retrieved August 4, 2009.
2.Jump up ^ "TwiCon 2009". UpcomingCons.com. Retrieved July 30, 2009.
3.Jump up ^ Kalter, Lindsay (3 August 2009). "For 'Twilight' fans at TwiCon, books are more than just a love story". Dallas Morning News. Retrieved August 4, 2009.
4.Jump up ^ Koski, Genevieve (August 17, 2009). "I attended this on purpose: Twicon 2009". The A.V. Club. Retrieved March 14, 2010.
5.Jump up ^ Laucius, Joanne (February 17, 2010). "The Cinderella story of Ottawa's No. 1 Twilight fan". The Ottawa Citizen. Retrieved March 14, 2010.[dead link]
6.Jump up ^ "Fandom fangs come out when Twicon 2009 hits Dallas July 30 - August 2". Pegasus News. June 22, 2009. Retrieved July 30, 2009.
7.Jump up ^ Carroll, Larry (3 August 2009). "'Twilight' Fans Celebrate With Saga's Stars At TwiCon". MTV. Retrieved August 4, 2009.
8.Jump up ^ Paulson, Dave (July 3, 2009). "Sam Bradley Gets Boost From Twilight". The Tennessean. Retrieved July 30, 2009.[dead link]
9.Jump up ^ "Singer Marcus Foster Would Love To Tour With RPattz". Radar Online. June 20, 2009. Retrieved July 30, 2009.
10.Jump up ^ "'Twilight' Superfan's 'Class Of '09 Shout-Out' Wins Her A Trip To TwiCon". MTV. 15 July 2009. Retrieved August 4, 2009.
11.Jump up ^ "Meet the TwiCon Fan Correspondent Finalists". ReelzChannel. June 29, 2009. Retrieved August 4, 2009.
12.Jump up ^ "TwiCon 2009 Convention Report: Fan Feels Ripped Off and Mistreated". Convention Fans Today. August 3, 2009. Retrieved March 14, 2010.[dead link]
13.Jump up ^ "I attended this on purpose: Twicon 2009". AV Club. Retrieved 4 July 2013.
14.Jump up ^ "Twicon Review! And It Ain’t Good.". Rob My World. August 3, 2009. Retrieved March 14, 2010.
15.^ Jump up to: a b "Decision to cease operations". TwiCon official website. Retrieved March 14, 2010.
16.Jump up ^ "FAQ". TwiCon official website. Retrieved March 14, 2010.
17.Jump up ^ "Toronto to face disruptions during G20 summit". CBC News. February 16, 2010. Retrieved March 14, 2010. "The G20 meeting has already driven stakes into the hearts of Toronto's vampire romance fans."
18.Jump up ^ http://groups.google.com/group/twicon-discussion-group/browse_thread/thread/8124fc139474f84a
19.Jump up ^ http://www.deadparrottavern.com/forum/showthread.php?18665-TwiCon-Toronto-2010-June-18-20-2010-Toronto-Canada
External links[edit]
TwiCon official website

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List of Twilight characters

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Jump to: navigation, search



 The Cullens as portrayed in New Moon: (from left) Nikki Reed (Rosalie), Elizabeth Reaser (Esme), Peter Facinelli (Carlisle), Robert Pattinson (Edward), Kellan Lutz (Emmett), Ashley Greene (Alice), and Jackson Rathbone (Jasper).
The following is a list of characters in the Twilight novel series by Stephenie Meyer, comprising the books; Twilight, New Moon, Eclipse and Breaking Dawn, as well as The Twilight Saga film series adaptations.

Contents
  [hide] 1 Major characters 1.1 Bella Swan
1.2 Edward Cullen
1.3 Jacob Black
1.4 Carlisle Cullen
1.5 Esme Cullen
1.6 Alice Cullen
1.7 Emmett Cullen
1.8 Rosalie Hale
1.9 Jasper Hale
1.10 Renesmee Cullen 1.10.1 Renesmee and Jacob

2 Vampires 2.1 Transformation process
2.2 Venom
2.3 Newborn vampires
2.4 Personality
2.5 Physical description
2.6 Vampires described during their newborn phase
2.7 Immortal children
2.8 Libishomen
2.9 Deviations from traditional vampire folklore and mythology
2.10 Enemies
2.11 The Volturi
2.12 James's coven 2.12.1 James
2.12.2 Victoria
2.12.3 Laurent
2.13 Newborn army 2.13.1 Riley Biers
2.13.2 Bree Tanner
2.14 Amazonian coven
2.15 American nomads
2.16 Denali coven
2.17 Egyptian coven
2.18 European nomads
2.19 Irish coven
2.20 Romanian coven
2.21 Nahuel
2.22 Huilen
3 Werewolves 3.1 Sam Uley
3.2 Quil Ateara V
3.3 Embry Call
3.4 Paul Lahote
3.5 Jared Cameron
3.6 Leah Clearwater
3.7 Seth Clearwater
3.8 Collin Littlesea and Brady Fuller
3.9 Others
3.10 Ephraim Black
4 Humans 4.1 Charlie Swan
4.2 Renée Dwyer
4.3 Harry Clearwater
4.4 Billy Black
4.5 Tyler Crowley
4.6 Lauren Mallory
4.7 Mike Newton
4.8 Jessica Stanley
4.9 Angela Weber
4.10 Eric Yorkie
4.11 Emily Young
4.12 Sue Clearwater
4.13 J. Jenks
5 References
6 External links
Major characters
Bella Swan
Main article: Bella Swan
Isabella Marie "Bella" Swan (later Bella Cullen) is the fictional protagonist of the Twilight series, written by Stephenie Meyer. The Twilight series, consisting of the novels Twilight, New Moon, Eclipse, and Breaking Dawn, is primarily narrated from Bella's point-of-view.
In Twilight, Bella moves to her father's home in Forks, Washington, meets the mysterious Cullen family, and falls in love with Edward Cullen. However, she soon discovers that the family is a coven of vampires. Bella expresses a desire to become a vampire herself, against Edward's wishes. In the second novel, New Moon, Edward and the other Cullens leave Forks in an effort to keep Bella safe from the vampire world. Jacob Black, a member of the Quileute tribe who is also a shape shifter taking a wolf form, comforts the distraught and severely depressed Bella. She comes to care deeply for Jacob, though less than she loves Edward. In Eclipse, Bella becomes engaged to Edward, and they marry in Breaking Dawn. Edward then transforms Bella into a vampire after she nearly dies giving birth to their daughter, Renesmee. Bella has the ability to shield her mind (from mind reading, attacks, etc.), an ability she's had from the beginning. But once she is transformed into a vampire, her ability is enhanced to where she can also expand her shield to protect others from mind control.
Kristen Stewart plays Bella in the Twilight film series.
Edward Cullen
Main article: Edward Cullen
Edward Cullen (born Edward Anthony Masen) is a major character, implicated in all of the Twilight Saga films and books. As stated in the first and second novels, he was born on June 20, 1901, in Chicago, Illinois, and was frozen in his 17-year-old body while dying of the Spanish influenza, when he was changed into a vampire by Dr. Carlisle Cullen. As shown in Twilight, he only did so because Edward's dying mother, Elizabeth, begged him to save Edward. A member of the Olympic Coven, Edward only drinks animal blood and has the special ability to read minds. He falls in love with Bella soon after she arrives in Forks. Edward knows that he could kill Bella easily, a fact that torments him so much that, in the book New Moon, he decided to leave Forks with his family so they wouldn't be able to hurt her. He returned because he realized he cannot live without her. Edward marries Bella in Breaking Dawn and they have a daughter, Renesmee.
Robert Pattinson plays Edward in the Twilight film series.
Jacob Black
Main article: Jacob Black
Jacob Black is Bella's best friend. He is a Quileute Native American and a werewolf. In Twilight, Jacob plays the minor role of a forgotten childhood friend of Bella's, and he develops a crush on her. In an attempt to learn more about Cullens, Bella flirts with Jacob, and he tells her tribe legends about "the cold ones", or vampires. After Edward leaves Bella in New Moon, she spends much of her time with Jacob. Though she only considers him a friend, Jacob falls in love with Bella. Although he spends most of his time in Eclipse trying to win Bella, in Breaking Dawn he imprints— an involuntary process in which a werewolf finds their soul mate— on Bella and Edward's daughter, Renesmee.
Taylor Lautner plays Jacob in the Twilight film series.
Carlisle Cullen
Carlisle Cullen (also known as Stregone Benefico[1]) is Esme Cullen's husband and the adoptive father of Edward, Emmett and Alice Cullen, as well as Rosalie and Jasper Hale. His first appearance was in Twilight and his physical age is 23. Carlisle is described to look like a model; he has blond hair, and is slender but muscular. Carlisle theorizes that when a human is turned into a vampire, they will have an enhanced ability from their previous life. He believes he brought compassion from his human life. Carlisle has had centuries to perfect his medicinal talents, therefore making him an excellent doctor. Unlike most vampires, he is not at all tempted by the scent of human blood, due to the over 300 years he has spent holding back his temptations. Carlisle Cullen was the son of an Anglican priest, born in 1640s London, England, during a time of religious upheaval. His father and other pastors hunted creatures such as witches, werewolves, and vampires, often mistaking humans for them. As his father grew older, Carlisle assumed his role. One night, he was attacked by a vampire and left to die on the streets. Knowing he would be rejected by society, he hid himself and silently endured the painful transformation, emerging as a vampire. Horrified by what he had become, he tried killing himself many different ways, but all failed due to his power. One night, unable to endure hunger any longer, he fed on some passing deer. Subsequently realizing he could avoid feeding on humans, he committed himself to resisting his blood lust and to becoming a doctor.
For a short time, Carlisle lived with the Volturi, though he eventually left and traveled to the New World. While treating patients with the Spanish Influenza, he met an ill woman who begged him to save her dying son, Edward. Out of loneliness, Carlisle transformed Edward into a vampire, and Edward became his companion. Soon after, in 1921, Carlisle moved to Ashland, Wisconsin where he treated Esme after her failed suicide attempt brought on by her infant son's death. Carlisle felt compelled to save her and transformed her into a vampire, subsequently falling in love with her, and later marrying her. Carlisle then found Rosalie Hale, a young woman nearly killed by her drunken fiancé and his friends in Rochester, New York, and left in the street to die after smelling all the blood and transforms her. Later, while hunting, Rosalie found a young man named Emmett who had been mauled by a bear, and carried him over 100 miles to Carlisle. Carlisle then transformed Emmett, since Rosalie was unwilling to do it herself, fearing her blood lust would overwhelm her. After Carlisle changed Emmett, Carlisle and his family moved to Hoquiam, Washington where the Quileute Native American tribe offered the Cullens a treaty: the Quileutes would leave them alone if the Cullen family never attacked any humans or trespassed on Quileute land. The Cullens agreed and lived in relative peace until they had to move on. Between the Cullens' first and second stay in Washington, Alice and Jasper joined his coven as well, having found Carlisle on their own. Throughout the Twilight saga, Carlisle works as a doctor, acting as the coven leader and offering medical advice and help when Bella is pregnant in Breaking Dawn.
Forbes magazine claimed in its 2009 Fictional 15 list of the wealthiest fictional characters that Carlisle is the richest of them all, using 370 years of compound interest and timely investments to amass an estimated fortune of $34.5 billion.[2]
Peter Facinelli plays Carlisle in the Twilight film series.[3]
Esme Cullen
Esme Cullen (born Esme Platt and later Esme Evenson) is Carlisle Cullen's wife and the adoptive mother of Edward, Emmett and Alice Cullen, as well as Rosalie and Jasper Hale. She enjoys restoring old houses and her physical age is 26. She has no special power, but has a strong ability to love passionately. Esme is described as having caramel-colored hair; she also has a heart-shaped face with dimples, and her figure is slender, but rounded and soft. Esme was born in 1895 in Columbus, Ohio, where she was treated at the age of 16 by Carlisle after breaking her leg when climbing a tree. She married Charles Evenson, but he abused her. After finding out she was pregnant, she ran away and gave birth to a son, who subsequently died a few days later. Grief-stricken by his death, Esme attempted to kill herself by jumping off a cliff. Presumed dead, she was brought to a morgue. Carlisle, who remembered treating her years before, was able to hear her faint heartbeat and transformed her into a vampire. Esme fell in love with and married Carlisle soon after. She loves her adoptive children, including Bella, as if they were her own and has the most affection for Edward, but she still grieves that she is unable to bear children.
Esme is present throughout the entire Twilight series, revealing her past to Bella during the Cullens' baseball game in Twilight. Esme treats Bella as her own daughter, comforting her after several traumatic events. In the film adaptation of Eclipse, Esme participated in a battle against the newborn vampires but in the book series, it is stated by Sam in Breaking Dawn that she is not a fighter. In Breaking Dawn, it is revealed that Esme owns a South American island named "Isle Esme" that Carlisle purchased for her, and where Edward and Bella spend their honeymoon.
Elizabeth Reaser plays Esme in the Twilight film series.[3]
Alice Cullen
Alice Cullen (born Mary Alice Brandon) is the adopted daughter of Carlisle and Esme Cullen, adoptive sister of Edward and Emmett Cullen, as well as Rosalie Hale and the partner of Jasper Hale. Alice is petite and pixie-like, with a graceful gait and hair that is short, spiky, and black. Her special ability is to see the future, an enhanced version of her ability to have premonitions as a human. Her ability is limited; she is only able to see the outcome of a decision once it is made. Due to this, decisions made in the spur of the moment can not be foreseen. Alice can see futures involving humans and vampires, but is unable to see those involving half-breeds, such as Renesmee and the werewolves. In Breaking Dawn, Alice theorizes that she can see vampires very clearly because she is one, can see humans somewhat less clearly because she was one, and cannot see werewolves or half-breeds because she never was one. Alice is bubbly and optimistic, and she loves and cares for Bella like a sister. She is also close to her brother Edward, and enjoys shopping, make-overs, and throwing parties. Alice's early history is vague, as she remembers nothing about her human life and woke up alone as a vampire. It is eventually revealed that she was born around 1901 in Biloxi, Mississippi, and was committed to an asylum because she had premonitions. Alice was transformed by an old vampire who worked at the asylum to protect her from James, a tracker vampire who was hunting her. After some research, Alice found her grave and discovered that the date on her tombstone matches the date of her admission to the asylum. Through her research she additionally discovered that she had a younger sister named Cynthia, and that Cynthia's daughter, Alice's niece, is still alive in Biloxi.
Throughout Twilight, Alice uses her ability to see the future and help Bella when she is in danger. The two soon become friends, loving each other like sisters. In New Moon, Alice foresees Bella jumping off a cliff and assumes she is trying to commit suicide, though Bella actually was cliff diving. After discovering the truth, Bella accompanies Alice to Italy to prevent Edward from killing himself. They are successful, but are taken to see the Volturi, who police the vampire world. Through Alice's premonitions, Aro is able to see that Bella will eventually become a vampire and invites her, Alice, and Edward to stay with them; it is later mentioned that Aro especially covets Alice's gift. In Eclipse, Alice, who proves to be an adept fighter, joins the fight to destroy a group of rampaging newborn vampires, created by Victoria in an effort to take revenge on Edward. Alice acts as Bella's maid of honor at her wedding in Breaking Dawn and helps care for Renesmee until leaving to search out a crossbreed after the Volturi plan to destroy Renesmee, believing her to be an immortal child. Alice is successful and the Volturi, convinced there is no threat, leave.
Ashley Greene plays Alice in the Twilight film series.[3]
Emmett Cullen
Emmett Cullen (born Emmett Dale McCarty[4]) is Rosalie Hale's husband, Carlisle and Esme Cullen's adopted son, and Edward and Alice Cullen, as well as Jasper Hale's adoptive brother. Emmett is tall, burly, extremely muscular, and, to most humans, the most intimidating of his adoptive siblings. He has curly dark hair and dimpled cheeks, and despite his physical attributes, he is actually the joker among the Cullens. He is always eager to engage in fights, and is often described as Edward's favorite brother.
Emmett was 20 and living in Gatlinburg, Tennessee, in 1935 when he was mauled by a bear. The injuries from the attack were severe and he was found by Rosalie, who had been hunting in the area at the time. Rosalie, who was reminded of her friend Vera's baby by his dark curls, dimples, and innocent appearance, carried him over a hundred miles to Appalachia where Carlisle was, asking him to spare Emmett's life by turning him into a vampire. Emmett joined Carlisle's coven but initially had trouble adjusting to the family's diet of animal blood. In Twilight, Emmett is at first wary of Bella but soon warms up to her, treating her as his younger sister. He often teases her for her clumsiness, criticizes her old truck and constant blushing, and votes in favor of her becoming a vampire in New Moon. In Breaking Dawn Emmett jokingly makes innuendos about Bella's sex life until he is silenced when she defeats him several times in arm wrestling matches; he later helps train Bella to fight in the oncoming battle with the Volturi.
Kellan Lutz plays Emmett in the Twilight film series.[3]
Rosalie Hale
Rosalie Hale is the adopted daughter of Carlisle and Esme Cullen, adoptive sister of Jasper Hale as well as Edward and Alice Cullen, and the wife of Emmett Cullen. She and Jasper are the only ones who don't take the surname of Cullen as they pass off as being biological siblings. Her physical age is 18, and she was born in 1915 in Rochester, New York. Rosalie is described as exceptionally beautiful, even for a vampire; she is tall, statuesque, and has long, wavy blonde hair. While she was human, she was said to be a woman with elegance, class, and eyes the color of violets. In Eclipse, she describes her human self as vain, self-centered, and shallow, pleased with her physical beauty and forever desiring attention. A wealthy young man named Royce King II took an interest in her and soon the two became engaged, with Rosalie eager to have a fancy wedding, live in a big, expensive house, and have children of her own. While visiting her friend Vera, she one day noticed that she did not share the same loving relationship with Royce as her friend Vera did with her husband. Dismissing it, Rosalie later walked home and met an intoxicated Royce and his friends, leading to her being beaten, gang-raped, and left to die in the streets. She is found by Carlisle, who had smelled the blood, and he pitied her and changed her into a vampire with the secret hope that she would become Edward's mate, though the two of them are never more than brother and sister. After her transformation, she tortured and killed those who had attacked her, including Royce, but did not drink their blood, a fact that she is proud of. She found Emmett two years after becoming a vampire, and begged Carlisle to change him since she was afraid of doing it herself. They have been together ever since. Apart from Carlisle and Edward, she has the most self-control and appreciation for human life, and has never tasted human blood.[5] Rosalie is bitter that her life as a vampire prevents her from having children and experiencing the normal changes of life, and her desire to be human is so strong that she would give up her immortality and beauty for it.
When Rosalie first appears in Twilight she is hostile toward Bella and jealous of her humanity; she is also irritated that Edward could be attracted to Bella, a mere human, when he had never shown the slightest interest in Rosalie, who has always been desired by men. In New Moon, she mistakenly reports to Edward that Bella is dead after supposedly committing suicide. She is guilty and apologetic upon Bella and Edward's return from Italy, and is the only one next to Edward who opposes Bella becoming a vampire. In Eclipse, Rosalie reveals her past to Bella with the hope that Bella will choose to stay human and she later joins in the fight against Victoria's army of newborn vampires. In Breaking Dawn, Bella contacts Rosalie after finding out she is pregnant, knowing that Rosalie has always wanted children. She stays by Bella's side throughout the pregnancy, defending Bella's choice to keep the baby; this ultimately brings the two of them closer together, and by the end of the novel they have become friends. Rosalie later helps care for the child, Renesmee, while Bella is undergoing transformation into a vampire.
Nikki Reed plays Rosalie in the Twilight film series.[6]
Jasper Hale
Jasper Hale (born Jasper Whitlock) is the adopted son of Carlisle and Esme Cullen, adoptive brother of Rosalie Hale, as well as Edward and Emmett Cullen, and husband of Alice Cullen. He takes the name Hale to pass as Rosalie's sibling. He was born in Texas and joined the Confederate States Army in 1861 to serve in the American Civil War. Due to his extremely charismatic personality, he ascended through the ranks quickly. Jasper was turned into a vampire in 1863 by a vampire named Maria when he was 19 years old. After transformation, he gained the ability to sense and manipulate the emotions of those around him. Recognizing his high rank in the army, Maria decided to change him into a vampire to help her claim territory in Monterrey. Jasper's responsibility was to train young vampires and then kill them when they were no longer useful. After about a century of this, he grew weary of the lifestyle and joined an old friend, Peter, and his mate Charlotte. Jasper left the two eventually, not wanting to feed on humans because he could feel his prey's emotions as they died. Alice, foreseeing that they would be together, met him in a half-empty diner in Philadelphia, and together they sought out the Cullen family. Due to his past, where he was able to feed on humans whenever he chose, Jasper lacks strong self-control. In Eclipse it is suggested that the "vegetarian" lifestyle is not Jasper's first choice and that this also affects his self-control. It is also suggested that he remains with the Cullens mainly for Alice's sake and that while he is fond of them all, he is not as attached to them as she is.[7] He is described as tall with honey blond hair, and is muscular but lean. His face and body are covered with crescent-shaped scars, after his years of fighting and training newborn vampires.[citation needed]
In Twilight, upon meeting Bella, Jasper has a hard time controlling himself from attacking Bella due to her scent. He accompanies Alice and Bella when they are hiding from James, using his ability to calm Bella when she is stressed or afraid. In New Moon, he loses control and tries to attack Bella after smelling her blood when she gets a paper cut, prompting Edward to leave Forks in order to protect her. When the Cullens return, Jasper votes for Bella to become a vampire, stating that it would be a nice change from him wanting to attack her. In Eclipse, Jasper teaches the werewolves and vampires fighting techniques to defend themselves against newborn vampires. In Breaking Dawn, he leaves with Alice to find a vampire-human hybrid, and returns with her to defend Renesmee and the rest of the family against the Volturi.
Jackson Rathbone plays Jasper in the Twilight film series.[3]
Renesmee Cullen
Renesmee Carlie "Nessie" Cullen (pronounced RUH-nez-MAY /ˌrəˈnɛzmeɪ/) is the dhampir daughter of Edward Cullen and Bella Swan, born on September 10, three days before Bella's nineteenth birthday in Breaking Dawn. Her name is derived from the amalgamation of the names of Bella's mother, Renée, and Edward's adoptive mother, Esme. Her middle name, Carlie, is a portmanteau of the names Carlisle, Edward's adoptive father, and Charlie, Bella's father. She has the same facial features and hair color as Edward, but has curly hair inherited from her grandfather, Charlie Swan, and brown eyes like Bella. Her heart pumps blood, giving her a blush, and her pale skin slightly glows in sunlight. Her skin is warm and soft to the touch, but it is as strong as a vampire's. Only minutes after she is born, she is imprinted upon by Jacob Black, who becomes her soul mate and acts as an older brother figure to her. Renesmee can survive on either blood or human food, though she prefers blood, and she does not produce venom. Her special abilities are transmitting thoughts to others by touching their skin and penetrating mental shields, the opposite abilities of each of her parents. She rapidly grows both mentally and physically, is able to speak only seven days after her birth, and by the end of the novel can read, run, hunt, and perform other tasks at advanced levels for her young age. Her intelligence stuns everyone, and she is able to understand what is happening around her when the Volturi arrive. Jacob nicknames her "Nessie" because he considers her full name to be a mouthful, though Bella strongly dislikes her child being nicknamed "after the Loch Ness Monster." By the book's end, however, all of the characters have adopted this shortened version. She will reach physical maturity after about seven years, when her appearance will be around 17, and then stop aging.
Weeks after Renesmee is born, Irina, a vampire from the Denali coven, sees Renesmee and believes she is an "immortal child", a young human child who had been changed into a vampire. She informs the Volturi, as immortal children are not permitted to exist due to their unpredictable nature. Intent on killing Renesmee and the other Cullens, the Volturi travel to Forks. The Cullens gather witnesses from around the world to testify that they have seen her mature and grow, and so she is therefore not an immortal child. Alice brings another half-breed, 150-year-old Nahuel, who explains that half-breeds pose no danger to the vampires. Convinced that Renesmee is not a threat, the Volturi leave, and Renesmee and her family are left in peace.
Mackenzie Foy plays Renesmee in the film adaptation of Breaking Dawn.[8]
Renesmee and Jacob
Stephenie Meyer, when asked about whether or not Jacob could father children with Renesmee, responded: "That is a question I'm reserving the right not to answer, because there is a chance I'll go back to their story."[9]
Vampires
In Twilight, vampires deviate from traditional myth in many ways, a fact often alluded to in the series, usually for humor. Meyer has said she did not research vampire mythology before writing the series.[10] For example, they are unharmed by garlic, holy items, or wooden stakes; they have reflections and shadows,[11] and are able to be out during daylight. Vampires are also capable of eating human food, though their bodies are unable to digest it and they must cough it up later.[12] They do not have to breathe, but typically find it uncomfortable to be without a sense of smell.
All vampires possess refined and perfected physical features (including their voice and scent), allowing them to lure in prey. Their skin is flawless, has the texture and feel of marble due to being stronger than granite, and sparkles in direct sunlight because of the crystalline properties of their cells. Newborn vampires have bright red eyes; for vampires who choose to drink human blood, the most revitalizing kind of blood for a vampire, eye color fades to a deep crimson over the course of a year. If they feed on animal blood, like the Cullens, their eyes fade to a deep gold color. Regardless of meal preference, all vampires' eyes grow darker with thirst, eventually fading to black; vampires tire only from lack of blood. All vampires possess superhuman physical and mental attributes. Their superhuman strength gives them the ability to subdue their prey, uproot trees, throw cars, and crush metal. Newborn vampires are known to be exceptionally strong during their first year because of the excessive amount of human blood still in their systems. Vampires have very keen senses and are able to see and hear clearly for miles in total darkness and move with such speed that they become a blur to human eyes. They are immortal and difficult to destroy, only permanently killed when dismembered and then burned, as their body parts continue to move even after being detached. Vampires also do not have to sleep; they do not feel physical fatigue, and mental fatigue passes very quickly. After transformation, a vampire's certain ability becomes enhanced, sometimes resulting in a specialized, supernatural skill. While not definite, the theory behind these special abilities is that the power is reminiscent of the individual's original personality. Some vampires have no special abilities, and instead have a prominent personality or physical trait from their human life magnified.
Transformation process
"The warmth inside my heart got more and more real, warmer and warmer. Hotter. The heat was so real it was hard to believe I was imagining it. Hotter. Uncomfortable now. Too hot. Much, much too hot."― Bella
In the series, humans can be changed into vampires, and vampire venom is nothing more than a deadly poison to animals.
Transformation from human to vampire is described as being "the sharpest memory they have of their human life." Once a human is bitten, the venom from glands inside the vampire's mouth is injected into the bloodstream.
Depending upon "how much venom is in the bloodstream, and how close the venom is until it enters the heart", the transformation could last anywhere from 2-5 days. During this time, the human will endure indescribable pain. Once the venom is injected, the sensation is described as very similar to being burned alive. The venom will then make its way throughout the body. Next through the heart, and it will pump again and again in the heart until it starts meeting itself in the veins. Then it will burn all the veins until the heart stops beating. It moves slower than blood because it is thicker, which makes the transformation long-lasting. Each beat of the heart can only push it so far. The changing/burning process is slow. The venom has to saturate every cell in the body before the process can be completed.[citation needed]
There is no medicine that is strong enough to numb the pain; the best one could do is to immobilize the body.[citation needed]
Venom
When a vampire catches his prey, he bites into its neck and injects his venom into its bloodstream while feeding. This serves as a useful way to immobilize his prey while also initiating the conversion from human to vampire, allowing the predator to feed on his prey without it trying to resist, even though it would not have done any good. While the venom is transformative to humans, it is deadly to animals and shape-shifters.
Newborn vampires
"They're incredibly powerful physically, for the first year or so, and if they're allowed to bring strength to bear they can crush an older vampire with ease. But they are slaves to their thirst, and thus predictable."
―Jasper Hale
"Newborn" or "newborn vampire" is the term for a vampire that has been transformed for less than one year. On average, a newborn's physical strength, senses and speed greatly surpass that of an older vampire because they still have their own blood lingering in their tissues. As time passes, however, the venom in them will consume that blood, and the newborn's physical capabilities and thirst will slowly diminish until it reaches that of a normal vampire, by the end of its first year. A newborn's thirst for blood is overwhelmingly and relentlessly painful, described by Bree Tanner as being a "fire in the throat", and they will feed as much as possible to curb it.
Personality
Newborns are often bloodthirsty, violent and uncontrollable. Their enhanced emotions are hard to control and they anger easily. They are also likely to kill one another to compete for blood. When they catch the scent of blood, their hunting instincts will take over and cloud their ability to focus, even the thought of the word "blood" is enough to make their thirst unbearable. The thirst is so maddening in the first year that most newborns are more animalistic and wild than their older counterparts. However, as time passes, their thirst will slowly diminish and become easier to manage. Their secondary human emotions and desires will mostly be dormant for a while, and resurface slowly over time.[citation needed]
Bella Swan is an exception to this rule, as she had time to think about her decision and therefore did not have the first brutal year that most vampires encounter. Carlisle Cullen showed an amazing control of his thirst for human blood as a newborn, which kept him from feeding on humans and redirect his thirst to animal blood instead. Rosalie Hale had never drunk human blood in her vampire life, though she had killed her murderers and their bodyguards by torturing them to death.[citation needed]
It is impossible to predict how long a newborn or an average vampire will remain vicious and bloodthirsty before their secondary desires and personality resurfaces, since every person is different. Certain vampires may have to wait for at least a few years after their first year ended.[citation needed]
Some indications which show a newborn are their bright crimson eyes (due to the blood left in their body at the time of changing), uncontrollable thirst that makes them more ferocious than most vampires, and superior in physical abilities. In the Olympic Coven, Emmett Cullen was the hardest to contain when he was a newborn because of his superior physical strength, though he did become a vegetarian successfully.[citation needed]
Physical description
Newborns appear much like normal vampires with the exception of their eyes. A newborn's eyes are an incredibly bright crimson, indicating that their own blood is still in their system, though their heart is no longer beating. In a year that a vampire feeds on animal blood, their eyes will change from red to amber and then to gold. If he reverts to feeding on human blood, the eyes will darken to be almost a burgundy color.
Newborns are also incredibly powerful in the physical sense, being much stronger and faster than a regular vampire, which allows them to easily crush an older vampire. As they become older their strength begins to wane, and after the first year, their strength will be reduced to that of an average vampire. In Breaking Dawn, Bella arm-wrestles with Emmett and wins easily because of her newborn strength.
Vampires described during their newborn phase
Bella Swan
Rosalie Hale
Carlisle Cullen
Emmett Cullen
Bree Tanner
Diego
Fred
Peter
Charlotte
Raoul
Immortal children
Introduced in the novel Breaking Dawn, immortal children are human infants and toddlers turned into vampires. They are said to be so beautiful it takes just one look to be under their control. In addition, it is said that an immortal child's tantrum can kill people, since they cannot easily control themselves. Carlisle described them as adorable little children with smiles and dimples that would destroy a village in one of their tantrums.
It is presumed that while their mental age is stuck at the age they were transformed, they still have the vampiric gifts of enhanced strength and speed as well the supernatural gifts of certain vampires.
Because they are too young to be controlled, the Volturi killed all those who could be found. Creating one has become the worst crime in the vampire world, under penalty of death for both creator and newborn vampire. Under this law, anyone who knows about or stands by the child is also punishable under this law.
Even after the law was established, the Volturi captured two children to experiment on. However, no matter how many centuries they'd spent to teach them, they still could not be controlled or taught. Carlisle Cullen stumbled across these children during his stay in Volterra and learned of this law. After they determined that immortal children could not be tamed, they had the children destroyed.
In Book 3 of Breaking Dawn, Irina sees Bella, Jacob and Renesmee hunting and mistook Renesmee for one, prompting her to report the child to the Volturi. Her mother Sasha had created an immortal child called Vasilii, and she had to witness her mother's and brother's executions.
Libishomen
Libishomen is the word that the people in South America (tribes like the Mapuche or the Ticunas), call vampires. Libishomen are blood drinking demons who prey exclusively on beautiful women. In the Twilight Saga, the vampire Joham, who believes that he is creating a new race by impregnating women with half-mortal, half-vampire babies (like Renesmee), would be called Libishomen. Joham has created half-mortals which include Nahuel and his half-sisters.
Deviations from traditional vampire folklore and mythology
Vampires in the Twilight universe are hard to destroy, as they are not harmed or deterred in any way by sunlight, holy water, running water, garlic, stakes, crosses, or human weapons.
Their bodies and skin are made of a material that is as hard as diamond (if not harder); to humans it is impenetrable.
They are much stronger than most other vampires in fiction. Some are strong enough to stop a cement truck on a freeway with one hand.
They sparkle like diamonds in the sunlight.
They are reflected by mirrors and show up in photographs.
They have no need for coffins, as they do not sleep.
They are not shapeshifters.
They do not have two fangs, as all of their teeth are unbreakable, and incredibly sharp and strong - strong enough to easily chew through steel, or their diamond hard skin.
A vampire society has developed, with a conduct code that provides them with a greater chance of survival than if they were alone.
Enemies
Vampires are said to have two natural enemies: werewolves and shape-shifters, to each of the creatures the other smells disgusting. These smells are too enhanced for a human sense of smell. Vampires are said to be stronger than shape-shifters, and can usually overpower them easily. In Quileute history, one lone vampire was able to kill two wolves at one time, and the same vampire managed to kill three of the four wolves that hunted him another time, while the fourth managed to rip him apart.
Vampires often fight among each other. There have been many cases throughout history where vampires created armies of newborns to challenge one another and gain territory.
If a vampire's mate is attacked or killed, then he or she will likely seek revenge, hunting down and killing the attacker.
In Eclipse and Breaking Dawn, the Cullens and La Push shape-shifters become allies, partially because Jacob imprints on Renesmee.
The Volturi



 The Volturi, from left to right: Alec, Marcus, Aro, Caius, and Jane, from The Twilight Saga: New Moon.
The vampire coven known as the Volturi live in Volterra, Tuscany (Italy). They are regarded as "royalty" by other vampires because they have lived for well over 3000 years and act as police, enforcing the rule that vampires' existence remain a secret from humans. They often send emissaries or enforcers from Volterra to prevent overzealous covens and renegade vampires from exposing their kind. They are guarded by several powerful vampires who have been recruited for their powers and skills. Carlisle once stayed with the coven as a guest, but left due to his desire to avoid harming humans and established his own coven in the United States. At the end of New Moon, the Volturi discover that Bella, a human, has learned that vampires exist and demand that she become a vampire or else be killed. In Eclipse, they arrive in Forks under the pretense of eliminating Victoria and her newborn army for violating Volturi law; their true intentions, however, were to allow Victoria's army to destroy the Cullen clan, whom Aro envies for its large size and for its members' supernatural talents. In Breaking Dawn, the vampire Irina goes to the Volturi and informs them that the Cullens have created an immortal child after seeing Edward and Bella's daughter, Renesmee, hunting close to the Cullens' house. The Volturi coven travel to Forks to destroy Renesmee and the Cullens, but leave when they are outnumbered by the group gathered there. It is noted at the end of the novel that the Volturi may again one day attempt to destroy the Cullen family.[13]
The Volturi leaders include Aro, who can read every thought a person has ever had once he has made physical contact, Marcus, who senses the strength and nature of relationships, and Caius, who has no known power. Aro's wife Sulpicia, Caius' wife Athenodora, and formerly Marcus' wife Didyme, who had the power to make others happy, also act as leaders.[14] The Volturi guard consists of 32 members, including Jane, who creates illusions of pain; her twin brother Alec, who is able to block others' senses; Demetri, who can track anyone once he has the tenor of their mind; Felix, who possesses exceptional physical strength and speed; Chelsea, who can change emotional bondings and causes members of the Volturi to be loyal to the coven; and Renata, who can make anyone feel distracted and wandering when they are near her (classified as a "shield"). The majority of the Volturi guard remain nameless throughout the series. There is also a human secretary named Gianna, who appears in New Moon and is killed by the Volturi by the events of Breaking Dawn, despite her hope that they would turn her into a vampire.[15] Aro, coveting their talents, invites Carlisle, Edward, Alice, Kate, Benjamin, Zafrina, and Bella to join the Volturi, but all of them refuse.
In The Twilight Saga: New Moon, the cast of the Volturi includes Michael Sheen as Aro; Jamie Campbell Bower as Caius; Christopher Heyerdahl as Marcus; Dakota Fanning as Jane; Cameron Bright as Alec; Charlie Bewley as Demetri; Daniel Cudmore as Felix; and Noot Seear as Heidi.[16] Fanning, Bright, Bewley, and Cudmore all reprised their roles in The Twilight Saga: Eclipse.[17] They all returned for The Twilight Saga: Breaking Dawn.
James's coven
James



 All three of the nomads shown together in Twilight. From left to right: Laurent, James, and Victoria.
The major antagonist of Twilight, James is a merciless, sadistic "tracker" vampire who hunts human beings or, in some cases, animals, for sport. Fellow coven member Laurent says that James is unusually gifted at what he does and always gets what he wants, though it is later revealed that then-human Alice Cullen escaped him years ago by being turned into a vampire before James could attack her. Unlike the Cullen family, he drinks human blood. Towards the end of Twilight, James is destroyed by Cullen brothers Emmett and Jasper after he lures Bella to an empty ballet studio and nearly kills her. The shimmery scar left by his venomous bite still remains on Bella's hand as a symbol of his unsuccessful attempt on her life. James is described as having light brown hair and being quite average-looking.
James is portrayed by Cam Gigandet in the Twilight film.[6] In the film, he is given the surname "Witherdale".
Victoria



 Victoria as portrayed in The Twilight Saga: Eclipse.
A red-haired, cat-like vampire, Victoria is originally a member of James' coven. She plays a small role in the first book assisting James, her lover and coven leader, in hunting Bella Swan. After James is killed, she decides to exact revenge on Edward Cullen by plotting to kill the woman he loves, Bella. Bella is sufficiently protected from her wrath by the Quileute shape-shifting wolves. Months later in Eclipse, Victoria creates an army of bloodthirsty newborn vampires in Seattle to rise up against the combined forces of the werewolves and Cullen family. During this battle, both she and her new fighting partner, Riley, are destroyed by Edward and the young wolf Seth Clearwater. Her supernatural talent is self-preservation, and her voice is said to sound high and girlish.
Victoria is portrayed by Rachelle Lefevre in the films Twilight and The Twilight Saga: New Moon.[6] Bryce Dallas Howard replaces Lefevre in the role for the third film, The Twilight Saga: Eclipse.[18] In the films, she is given the surname "Sutherland".
Laurent
A dark-haired, olive-toned vampire, Laurent is a member of James' coven in Twilight. When James and Victoria choose to track and murder Bella, Laurent leaves them and travels to Denali, Alaska, hoping to find solace among a coven of "vegetarian" vampires. He never adopts their strict diet of drinking animal blood, and "cheats" by occasionally feeding on humans. During this stay he takes a special liking to a vampire named Irina, though the infatuation is not strong enough to keep him there, as he later returns to Forks in New Moon as a favor to Victoria. During this visit, he stumbles across Bella and tries to kill her, before being ambushed by the Quileute wolves and subsequently destroyed.
Laurent is portrayed by Edi Gathegi in Twilight, The Twilight Saga: New Moon[19] and in a flashback seen In The Twilight Saga: Breaking Dawn – Part 1. In the films, he is given the surname "Da Revin".
Newborn army
Riley Biers



 Riley Biers as portrayed in The Twilight Saga: Eclipse.
As a vampire, Riley Biers is tall and muscular with bright red eyes and blond hair. Victoria bites and changes Riley when he is approximately Bella's age in Eclipse. Once Riley ages and gains some control, he helps to lead Victoria's army of newborn vampires. He performs his work faithfully because of his love for Victoria, which she pretends to return. In a battle between the army of newborns and the Cullens at the end of Eclipse, Edward voices Riley's concern that Victoria has been lying to him. Edward tries to convince Riley to stop fighting by explaining Victoria's true motives, but in the end Victoria bolsters Riley's faith in her and he is destroyed by Edward and Seth Clearwater.
In the film The Twilight Saga: Eclipse, Riley is described as a "good-looking college student" and is portrayed by Australian actor Xavier Samuel.[20]
Bree Tanner
Bree Tanner was a young vampire created by Victoria as a part of the newborn army that attacks the Cullens in Eclipse. While she was human, Riley found her and brought her to Victoria, who bit and changed her. Her age is said to be 15 or 16, and she is described as petite with chin-length black hair. Because of her youth and her willingness to surrender, the Cullens spare her life during the newborn attack, and Carlisle even offers to make her part of the family. When the Volturi arrive, however, Jane orders her destroyed by Felix despite her innocence.
Stephenie Meyer's novella The Short Second Life of Bree Tanner, which is written from Bree's perspective, tells of Bree's life as a newborn vampire and her interactions with Riley, the Cullens, and other members of the newborn army.
In the film The Twilight Saga: Eclipse, she is portrayed by Canadian actress, Jodelle Ferland.[21]
Amazonian coven
Zafrina, Senna, and Kachiri are female vampires who comprise the Amazonian coven in Breaking Dawn. They are described as tall and intimidating, with dark skin, long hair, and clothes made of animal fur. Zafrina's special ability is to create illusions; her illusions do not affect Bella or anyone who is under her protective shield, and she assists Bella in improving her shield. Zafrina develops a friendship with Renesmee, who is said to like Zafrina and her "pretty pictures", and at the end of the novel she has Bella promise to bring Renesmee to visit her in the future.
In the film The Twilight Saga: Breaking Dawn - part 2, Judi Shekoni will portray Zafrina and Tracey Heggins will portray Senna, as Kachiri never appears.
American nomads
Peter, his mate Charlotte, Mary, and Randall are American nomads. Peter is Jasper's good friend, and helped Jasper escape his previous life as a general of newborn vampires. Though he feeds on human blood, he does not agree with the execution of newborns after they have outlived their usefulness. In the past, Jasper lived with Peter and Charlotte, but chose to leave because of his ability to sense his human prey's emotions. All four of these nomads join the Cullens as witnesses in Breaking Dawn.
In The Twilight Saga: Breaking Dawn - Part II, Peter is set to be portrayed by Erik Odom, Charlotte by Valorie Curry, Mary by Toni Trucks and Randall by Bill Tangradi.
Denali coven
Eleazar and his mate Carmen, Tanya, Kate, and later Kate's mate, Garrett, are members of the Denali coven. Like the Cullens, the Denali coven practices a diet of drinking animal instead of human blood. They are considered to be cousins of the Cullen family, though the relationship is put under strain in Eclipse when they refuse to fight Victoria and her army because of Irina's vendetta against the werewolves. Tanya, their leader, has strawberry blonde hair and once expressed an interest in Edward Cullen, though he turned her down. Carmen speaks fluent Spanish and was the first to listen to and not fear Renesmee for being a half-breed. Eleazar, a former member of the Volturi guard, speaks fluent Spanish as well and has the ability to vaguely identify the gifts of other vampires. Garrett, a tall, rangy vampire with ruby eyes and long sandy hair, is an adventurer, and alludes to being an American Patriot. He joins the Denali coven in Breaking Dawn and becomes Kate's mate. Kate's special ability is the production of an electric current over her skin that can shock and incapacitate attackers. She assists Bella in learning to use her new ability to mentally shield those around her.
Sasha, Vasilii, and Irina were former members of the Denali coven. Sasha, who created Tanya, Kate, Irina, and Vasilii, was executed by the Volturi for creating an immortal child, Vasilii. Volturi law prohibits creating an immortal child, as they are unpredictable and have no self-control. For this reason, both Sasha and Vasilii were destroyed, and since then the Denalis have maintained respect for Volturi law. Laurent was Irina's mate, and she holds a grudge against the Quileute wolves for destroying him. She arrives to make peace with the Cullens in Breaking Dawn, but before speaking with them, she sees Renesmee, mistakenly assumes she is an immortal child, and notifies the Volturi. After determining that Renesmee is not an immortal child, the Volturi destroy Irina in order to provoke her sisters into attacking them, thus giving them an excuse to destroy them along with the Cullens and their allies.
In both parts of The Twilight Saga: Breaking Dawn, the Denalis are portrayed by MyAnna Buring as Tanya, Christian Camargo as Eleazar, Maggie Grace as Irina, Mía Maestro as Carmen, Casey LaBow as Kate, and Lee Pace as Garrett. Sasha is portrayed by Andrea Powell.
Egyptian coven
Tia, Amun, Benjamin, and Kebi are members of the Egyptian coven. Amun, the mate of Kebi, is shown to be very unhappy to stand witness for the Cullens in Breaking Dawn, and he and Kebi later flee in fear of the Volturi. Benjamin, the mate of Tia, has a high awareness of what is right and wrong, and his special ability is to control the elements of nature, air, earth, fire, and water. Benjamin's ability is unique in that it involves physical manipulation, as opposed to illusions of the mind.
In The Twilight Saga: Breaking Dawn - Part II, the members of the Egyptian coven is portrayed by Rami Malek as Benjamin, Omar Metwally as Amun, Angela Sarafyan as Tia, and Andrea Gabriel as Kebi.
European nomads
Alistair, Charles, and Makenna are European nomads. Alistair considers Carlisle to be his oldest friend, though he does not visit him often and is highly standoffish. His special ability is tracking. When he is called to be a witness for the Cullens in Breaking Dawn, he leaves out of fear of the Volturi. Charles is the mate of Makenna, and his special ability is to sense if a statement is true.
Alistair is portrayed by British actor, Joe Anderson.
Irish coven
Siobhan, Liam, and Maggie are members of the Irish coven. Liam is Siobhan's mate. Siobhan's suspected special ability is to alter the course of a situation through willpower. Maggie, a redhead, has the ability to sense if someone is lying. They were called upon to witness for the Cullen clan in face of the Volturi in Breaking Dawn.
In The Twilight Saga: Breaking Dawn - Part II, the members of the Irish coven are portrayed by Marlane Barnes (as Maggie), Lisa Howard (as Siobhan), and Patrick Brennan (as Liam).
Romanian coven
Vladimir and Stefan used to rule along with other Romanian vampires about 1500 years ago. The Volturi overthrew them, and destroyed their castle. After the rebellion, it became apparent that Vladimir and Stefan were the only survivors of their coven. They hold a grudge against the Volturi and are willing to do anything for revenge, and so they eagerly serve as witnesses in Breaking Dawn, hoping to watch the Volturi fall.
In The Twilight Saga: Breaking Dawn - Part II, the Romanian coven are portrayed by Noel Fisher (as Vladimir) and Guri Weinberg (as Stefan).
Nahuel
Nahuel is a vampire/human hybrid conceived by human Pire and vampire Joham. His mother died giving birth to him, and when he was born, he bit his aunt, Huilen, who hated him for causing her sister's death, causing her transformation into a vampire. He refused to join his father's family, and stayed with Huilen. Knowing that he was the one who killed his mother, Nahuel blamed himself for this. He was found by Kachiri, Alice Cullen and Jasper Hale in Chile to seek his aid in protecting their family. By finding the other hybrid, Renesmee Cullen, and meeting her family, he begins to realize that he himself may not be as evil as he had always thought and learned to forgive himself for his mother's death.
Nahuel is set to be portrayed by J.D. Pardo in The Twilight Saga: Breaking Dawn - Part II.
Huilen
"Huilen" is a South American vampire and the older sister of Pire. She was turned by her nephew Nahuel who is a half-human, half-vampire. Huilen and Nahuel came to Forks with Alice Cullen and Jasper Hale to witness against the Volturi that Renesmee, another half-human, half-vampire hybrid, wasn't a threat to the vampires' secret world. After the Volturi left, she stayed behind with her nephew during celebration and was one of the last to leave. Bella assumed that she and Nahuel would have gone with the Amazon Coven, but they departed earlier.
In the film The Twilight Saga: Breaking Dawn - Part II, Huilen is portrayed by actress Marisa Quinn.
Werewolves



 The werewolf pack in The Twilight Saga: Eclipse. From left to right: Paul, Embry, Jacob, Sam, Jared, Quil, and Leah.
According to the Twilight series, the Quileute tribe legends holds that chiefs could leave their bodies and wander as spirits, communicate with nature, command nature (weather, trees, insects, animals) and hear each other's thoughts, however, besides the latter many of these techniques appear to have been forgotten. In Twilight, members of this tribe can still phase in and out of their shape-shifting forms, transforming independently of the lunar cycles. Members are able to regenerate, talk to one another telepathically, and possess superhuman strength, speed and endurance with the ability to cover 1.67 miles in just 1 minute, outrunning vampires. Werewolves skins are durable and their regenerative abilities allow them to heal within seconds. They are also immune to vampirism, though the venom does act as a mild irritant and retards their healing abilities to some degree. As long as they phase, they do not age. Their body temperature is around 108° Fahrenheit which Bella as a vampire in Breaking Dawn, describes like "touching an open fire". Jacob is Alpha male thus possesses the unique ability to command the clan telepathically and forcibly, regardless of individual resistance. They possess immunity to vampire bites and some vampire special abilities - such as Alice's premonitions. In human form shape-shifters can use the style of free running to get to hard to reach places.
In the Twilight universe, werewolves claws and teeth can tear through the "marble hard skin" of a vampire at ease. Each werewolf has a different look and different specific quality, whether size, speed, agility, stamina, durability or strength, Jacob being the strongest of the pack. All shapeshifters senses are very sharp (ophthalmoception, audioception, olfacoception, equilibrioception etc). Within the series, they can also imprint which channels all their affections towards a single person and most likely-to-be spouse. A shapeshifter in human form retains many enhanced abilities and in human form is described as lifting Bella like an "empty box". The Quileute tribes shapeshifting werewolves are typically dark haired, dark skinned, dark eyed in the series and prefer to eat animal meat. Genetically, Carlisle discovers that they have 24 pairs of chromosomes, the same as vampire hybrids like Renesmee sparking speculation on Jacob and Renesmee having children, both of whom had human maternal parents.[22] At the end of the fourth book, it is revealed that they are indeed shape-shifters. Aro claims shape-shifters can take other mega animal forms and Edward says that Caius is terrified of true werewolves because of an encounter with one centuries ago, leaving him almost obliterated. These true werewolves are called the "Children of the Moon" and these involuntarily phase in the full moon. Not much is revealed in the series, however in Breaking Dawn the distinction is briefly explained.
Sam Uley
Sam Uley is the Alpha, or leader, and oldest member of the La Push pack. He is first introduced in Twilight, where his aversion toward the Cullens eventually leads Bella to discover that they are vampires, but is given a larger role in New Moon. His father, Joshua Uley, abandoned him and his mother when he was young, and Sam was thus forced to assume much adult responsibility at an early age. He is 19 when he first appears in the series, was the first wolf to phase, and is described as the calmest and most mature of his pack brothers. Before transforming, he dated Leah Clearwater, whom he is said to have loved. But because he was forbidden to tell her what he had become, their relationship fell apart and ended when he imprinted on Leah's cousin, Emily Young, and broke every promise he had made to Leah. According to Jacob, Sam feels guilty for betraying Leah and responsible for the bitter person she has become; he is also pained that his lack of control over his phasing one day led to the deep scars on Emily's face. All of this causes him to hate the Cullens, whom he blames for both his transformation and for causing him to break Leah's heart. The oncoming army of newborn vampires in Eclipse, however, forces him to work together with the Cullens, and at the end of the novel it is suggested that he has begun to trust Carlisle.
His fur is pure black when he phases, and he was the largest wolf until Breaking Dawn, in which it is noted that Jacob has grown taller than him. He is not Alpha by blood; that role belongs to Jacob, who initially refused the position although Sam willingly offered it to him. Sam's status as pack Alpha technically makes him, as Jacob explains in Eclipse, the chief of the whole tribe. It also makes his pack brothers subject to any direct commands he gives them, though he dislikes taking their free will away from them and does so only when necessary, such as for coordination during fights. He proves to be highly protective of not only the tribe, but of all humans, and even goes so far as to plan an attack on the Cullens in Breaking Dawn because of the threat he believes Bella's unborn, half-vampire child presents. This sparks a conflict between him and Jacob, causing the latter to split from the pack. At the end of the series, Quil, Embry, and the Clearwaters join Jacob's pack, leaving Sam to lead the remaining wolves.
Solomon Trimble was credited as "Jacob's friend" in the Twilight film, but was widely recognized as playing the role of Sam.[23][24][25][26] In The Twilight Saga: New Moon and The Twilight Saga: Eclipse, Sam is portrayed by Chaske Spencer.[27]
Quil Ateara V
Quil Ateara V has chocolate-brown fur and is Jacob's best friend and second cousin. He is 16, and is described as muscular and loud. Upon meeting her, he takes an instant liking to Bella, who notes that he has a mischievous grin, and flirts with her. He first appears in New Moon but does not become a wolf until Eclipse. In New Moon Bella notes his depression over being abandoned by Embry and Jacob, who joined the pack and were not allowed to tell him what was going on. Unlike most of the other pack members, he was happy about becoming a wolf because it allowed him to join his friends. Near the end of Breaking Dawn Quil, along with Embry, joins Jacob's pack.
In Eclipse, Quil imprints on Emily Young's two-year-old niece, Claire. Although this appears to cause a scandal, Jacob explains that there is currently nothing romantic about his feelings, and that Quil will be whatever Claire needs him to be at each point in her life, whether it be a brother, friend, protector, or lover.
Quil is portrayed by Tyson Houseman in The Twilight Saga: New Moon and [he Twilight Saga: Eclipse.[28]
Embry Call
Embry Call is a wolf with gray fur and dark spots on his back, and is another one of Jacob's best friends. He is described as tall, thin, and shy, and is 16 when he first appears in New Moon. He calls Bella "vampire girl" because of her relationship with the Cullens. His mother is of the Makah tribe, not the Quileute, and she moved to the Quileute reservation while she was pregnant with him; until he joined the pack, it was assumed that she had left his father behind. But because the shape-shifting wolf traits are inherited from father to son, he is therefore the half-brother of Quil Ateara, Jacob Black, or Sam Uley. This causes some stress within the pack, since all three of those boys' fathers were married before and at the time of Embry's birth. Near the end of Breaking Dawn Embry, along with Quil, joins Jacob's pack.
Embry is portrayed by Kiowa Gordon in The Twilight Saga: New Moon and The Twilight Saga: Eclipse.[27]
Paul Lahote
Paul Lahote is a dark gray wolf who is prone to angry outbursts that cause him to burst into his wolf form. At 16, he was the third wolf to phase. He is the most volatile pack member, and becomes so enraged when he learns that Jacob has told Bella about the pack that he bursts into his wolf form and tries to attack her. He later seems to have no ill feelings toward Bella or Jacob, though Jacob, Leah, and some of the other wolves find him annoying. In Breaking Dawn, it is revealed that Paul has imprinted on Jacob's older sister, Rachel. This irritates Billy and Jacob because he is always at their house eating their food, but Billy is happy that Rachel visits home more often because of Paul.
Paul is portrayed by Alex Meraz in the The Twilight Saga: New Moon and The Twilight Saga: Eclipse.[29]
Jared Cameron
Jared Cameron was the first wolf to phase after Sam. In Eclipse he imprinted on Kim, a girl he sat next to in school who had always had a crush on him. Before he was a wolf he never paid attention to her, but after his transformation he looked at her once and imprinted.
Bronson Pelletier portrays Jared in The Twilight Saga: New Moon and The Twilight Saga: Eclipse.[27] Though Jared's personality is never really explored in the novels and he remains somewhat of a background character, it has been noted that Jared's portrayal in the films reflects Pelletier's own joking, light-hearted personality.
Leah Clearwater
Leah Clearwater is the only known female shape-shifting wolf in the history of the Quileute tribe. She is the smallest wolf, has light gray fur, and is the fastest in the pack. At the age of 19, she transforms into a wolf during the events of New Moon, around the same time as her younger brother, Seth. This transformation is believed to be what caused the heart attack and subsequent death of their father, Harry. She dated Sam Uley for years until her second cousin Emily came to visit and Sam imprinted on her. Sam thus left her for Emily, leaving Leah broken-hearted. She puts up a brave face, though, and in Eclipse it is suggested that she intends to serve as bridesmaid at Sam and Emily's wedding. Despite this, she is disliked by her pack brothers for her very bitter and cynical attitude. She constantly antagonizes the pack by thinking about things that make the others uncomfortable, such as Embry's paternity.
In Breaking Dawn, Leah joins Jacob's pack with the intention of breaking free of Sam, since she is still heartbroken. She helps to protect Bella and the Cullens, despite her extreme hatred for vampires and her open dislike for Bella. She shares her insecurities with Jacob, such as the reasons for Sam's imprinting on Emily, her regrets that she might be menopausal due to her transformation, and her inability to rise higher in pack rank due to her gender. As she spends more time in Jacob's pack, she becomes happier, makes notable changes in her attitude, and is less negative. Later in the book, Jacob and Leah's feelings toward each other become a trusted comradeship, though they conceal their fondness for each other by constantly bickering.[30] She displays quite a bit of loyalty to him, and even angrily confronts Bella about her unfair treatment of Jacob and the pain she has caused him. By the end of the novel, Leah has replaced Seth as Jacob's second-in-command.
In The Twilight Saga: Eclipse, Leah is portrayed by Julia Jones.[31]
Seth Clearwater
Seth Clearwater is Leah's younger brother. He transformed into a wolf during the events of New Moon, around the same time as his sister, Leah. He has sandy-colored fur, and at 15 he is among the youngest of the pack. In New Moon and Eclipse he is shown to idolize Jacob Black and is said to remind Bella of a younger Jacob. Like Quil, he is excited by his ability to transform into a wolf and not unhappy with it, as his other pack brothers are. During the newborn attack in Eclipse, Seth stays with Bella and Edward due to his youth and acts as a connection to the pack because of the wolves' telepathic ability. When Victoria and Riley appear, Seth fights and destroys Riley with Edward's help. In Breaking Dawn he is shown to have developed an unlikely friendship with Edward, and attends his and Bella's wedding. Seth remains a constant presence throughout the final book in the series. He is initially the only wolf to feel completely comfortable being around the Cullen family, and becomes friendly with them by the end of the series.
Although young, Seth appears to have sharp mind and quick thinking as he was the first to oppose the assault towards the Cullens because the pack refused to consult with the Elders (which they were supposed to do and initially aborted the mission due to lack of offensive force) and he was the first to recognize that Jacob isn't thinking properly when he wanted to attack the Cullens after Bella's arrival from Brazil due to the treaty without proper investigation. Seth was also the first one to discover that different pack has their own mental link and convinced both Jacob and the Cullens that Sam's pack will not launch an assault due to lack members because it will be a suicide mission for Sam if he did. He also has, according to Edward, very honest and pure thoughts, something that endears him to the Cullens, and Edward in particular. When Jacob splits from the pack, Seth quickly joined him because he opposes Sam's plan to attack the Cullens, whom he has become fond of. For most of Breaking Dawn, Seth is Jacob's second-in-command, until he is replaced by Leah at the end of the novel.
In the The Twilight Saga: Eclipse, Seth is played by Boo Boo Stewart.[31]
Collin Littlesea and Brady Fuller
Collin Littlesea and Brady Fuller are two of the youngest wolves in the pack. In Eclipse, they are said to have phased at the age of thirteen, and they later make an appearance in Breaking Dawn as part of Sam's pack.
Others
There are seven additional wolves present at the end of Breaking Dawn. These unknown wolves are believed to be very young because of their oversized paws. The reason for their transformations is the presence of many visiting vampires at the Cullen residence.
Ephraim Black
Ephraim Black, great-grandfather to Jacob Black, was the last chief of the Quileute tribe. He was a shape-shifter himself, and the Alpha of a pack of three which included Levi Uley and Quil Ateara Sr., the great-grandfathers of Sam Uley and Quil Ateara, respectively. He created a treaty with the Cullen family which maintained that the wolves would not expose the Cullens as vampires as long as they did not bite any humans.
Humans
Charlie Swan
Charlie Swan is Bella Swan's father and works as a police officer in Forks. His hobbies include fishing with Harry Clearwater and Billy Black, as well as watching various sports on TV. Charlie married Bella's mother, Renée, just after they both graduated high school, and they soon had Bella. Renée divorced Charlie not long after and moved to Phoenix, Arizona with Bella. Bella later mentions that Charlie still has not quite gotten over her mother. He became accustomed to living alone, except when Bella visited him in the summer. When Bella is seventeen, she moves to Forks to live with him after her mother remarries. Initially, Charlie accepts Edward as his daughter's boyfriend, but after the events of New Moon he blames Edward for Bella's deep depression after he left her. Charlie is grateful to Jacob Black for his friendship with Bella during that difficult time, and he makes it clear that he'd rather Bella choose Jacob over Edward. At the end of Eclipse, Bella and Edward agree to tell Charlie about their engagement, and he is shown to have reluctantly agreed to the marriage at the beginning of Breaking Dawn. Charlie stays in Bella's life after her transformation; though he comes to suspect that Bella and the Cullens are not quite human, he is never informed that they are vampires though he is informed that Jacob is a werewolf. Nevertheless, he is introduced to his granddaughter, Renesmee, and is shown to be very fond of her. At the end of Breaking Dawn, he and Sue Clearwater have developed a romantic relationship.
Charlie is portrayed by Billy Burke in the Twilight film series.[32]
Renée Dwyer
Renée Dwyer (formerly Renée Swan) married Charlie Swan right after high school, but left with their baby, Bella, and divorced him soon after. Renée is an eccentric, silly person who tends to brave new, risky things and then come to her senses later. Bella always felt herself to be the mother in their relationship, having to guide Renée away from doing ridiculous things, and Renée considered Bella her "middle-aged" child. After Renée remarries a much younger baseball player, Phil Dwyer, Bella sends herself to live with her father in Forks so that Renée and Phil can travel together. Edward describes Renée's mind as being insightful and almost childlike. In Breaking Dawn, Bella is scared to tell her mother about her engagement to Edward because of Renée's strong opposition to young people marrying early, but Renée gives them her blessing. It is said that Bella resembles her mother, but that Renée has shorter hair and laugh lines. In Twilight she lives in Phoenix, Arizona, and in Jacksonville, Florida throughout the rest of the series. After Bella becomes a vampire she does not visit her mother, knowing Renée would never adapt to her change as Charlie did.
Renée is portrayed by Sarah Clarke in Twilight, The Twilight Saga: Eclipse, and The Twilight Saga: Breaking Dawn - Part 1.[19]
Harry Clearwater
Harry Clearwater was an elder of the Quileute tribe who died of a heart attack in New Moon. He left behind a wife, Sue, a daughter Leah, and a son, Seth. After Bella learns that Jacob is a werewolf, it is Harry and Billy Black who keep Charlie Swan occupied in La Push in to protect him from Victoria and her army of newborn vampires.
Harry is portrayed by Graham Greene in The Twilight Saga: New Moon.[16]
Billy Black
Billy Black is Jacob Black's father, born and raised in La Push, and an elder of the Quileute tribe. He is described as being heavyset, having a wrinkled face and russet skin, and having black hair and black eyes. His other family members include his two daughters, Rachel and Rebecca, and his deceased wife, Sarah. Billy Black is directly descended from the last chief of the Quileute tribe, Ephraim Black, who was his grandfather. Among Billy's best friends in Forks is Bella Swan's father, Charlie Swan. Billy, who has diabetes[33] and uses a wheelchair, sells his truck to Charlie to give to Bella. At the end of Twilight, he employed Jacob to persuade Bella to break up with Edward Cullen. He becomes a semi-regular character throughout the remaining series.
Billy Black is portrayed by Gil Birmingham in Twilight, The Twilight Saga: New Moon, and The Twilight Saga: Eclipse.[19]
Tyler Crowley
Tyler Crowley is one of Bella's classmates. In Twilight he nearly hits Bella with his van, but she is saved by Edward. Afterward, Tyler is desperate to make it up to her, bombarding her with constant apologies and asking her to a school dance, to which she refuses. He mistakenly assumes she will go to their prom with him and tells the rest of the school, only to hear from Edward that Bella will be unavailable to anyone but himself. His constant attention toward Bella causes Lauren, who is interested in him, to resent Bella.
Tyler is portrayed by Gregory Tyree Boyce in the Twilight film.
Lauren Mallory
Lauren Mallory is a silver blonde, fishy-eyed student at Bella's high school. Despite being popular herself, she becomes jealous over the attention Bella receives after she moves to Forks and remains hostile toward her throughout the series. She is particularly jealous when Tyler Crowley, on whom Lauren has a crush, pays attention to Bella. She also tends to speak in a rather sneering tone, which Bella notices when she overhears Lauren talking about her.
In the films, Lauren's character was combined with that of Jessica Stanley, who is played by Anna Kendrick.[34]
Mike Newton
Mike Newton is a friendly boy who initially has a crush on Bella, though Bella does not return his affections. In Twilight, he is described as a "cute, baby-faced boy" with "carefully" spiked "pale blond" hair. He crushes on Bella throughout the series and often asks her to accompany him on dates, though she always declines; he is also shown to be quite bitter and jealous over Bella and Edward's relationship. In New Moon, Mike goes to the movies with Jacob and Bella and tries hard to compete with Jacob for Bella's attention. Mike's family owns a local sporting goods store, which serves as Bella's only job in the series. Mike and Jessica date in Twilight and are together again in Breaking Dawn at Bella and Edward's wedding, where Edward irritatedly comments that "Mike's having difficulty with improper thoughts about a married woman", suggesting that Mike is still attracted to Bella.
Mike is portrayed by Michael Welch in Twilight, The Twilight Saga: New Moon and The Twilight Saga: Eclipse.[6][35]
Jessica Stanley
Jessica Stanley is Bella's classmate and her first friend in Forks. She informs Bella about the Cullen family on her first day at school. She tends to be more interested in Bella's popularity than Bella's actual character, and is sometimes jealous of Mike's attention toward Bella. In an excerpt from Midnight Sun, Edward hears that Jessica's thoughts toward Bella are actually quite rude, and that she only befriended Bella to share in her attention.[36] Jessica is described as a petite "chatterbox" with curly dark hair. She and Bella have a falling out in New Moon because of Bella's social withdrawal, depression, and increasingly reckless behavior due to Edward's departure, but their friendship ends on a good note at graduation during Eclipse. Jessica appears briefly in Breaking Dawn as a guest at Bella and Edward's wedding, which she attends with Mike. Jessica is valedictorian of her graduating class in the film version of Eclipse.
Jessica is portrayed by Anna Kendrick in Twilight, The Twilight Saga: New Moon and The Twilight Saga: Eclipse.[37][38][39]
Angela Weber
Angela Weber is a friend and classmate of Bella's who is described as a tall, shy, quiet, and very kind girl. In an excerpt from Midnight Sun, she is revealed to be among the few of Bella's newly acquired "friends" who do not exploit Bella's popularity to their own advantage.[36] She has light brown hair and soft brown eyes. She respects other people's space, a characteristic much appreciated by Bella, and has a gentle disposition. Angela plays a minor role in the series but soon becomes Bella's best human friend. She has a strong relationship with her boyfriend, Ben Cheney. In Breaking Dawn her role is limited; her father reads Bella and Edward's vows at their wedding, and she catches Bella's bouquet.
Angela is portrayed by Christian Serratos in Twilight, The Twilight Saga: New Moon and The Twilight Saga: Eclipse.[19][38]
Eric Yorkie
Eric Yorkie is a classmate of Bella's who immediately became interested in her when she moved to Forks. He is described as an "overly helpful" chess-club type, is very tall, has a poor complexion, and has "hair as black as an oil slick". He resents Mike's similar interest in Bella, and, later in Twilight, is seen walking away after Mike is hit with a snowball. He invites Bella to a school dance, but she declines, and he goes with Angela Weber instead. Eric is valedictorian of his graduating class in the book Eclipse.
Eric is portrayed by Justin Chon in Twilight, The Twilight Saga: New Moon and The Twilight Saga: Eclipse.[37][38]
Emily Young
Emily Young is Sam Uley's fiancée and second cousin to Leah and Seth Clearwater. She is described as having copper skin, raven black hair, and three long disfiguring scars running down the right side of her face and down her arms as the result of Sam's accidental loss of control in phasing when standing close to her. Though she and Leah are only second cousins, it is said that they were like sisters when they were young. While dating Leah, Sam imprinted upon Emily when she was visiting in La Push and began pursuing her. She was initially furious with him and rejected his advances; however, the adoration and loyalty that result from imprinting are difficult for even the imprintee to resist, and the accident eventually brought them together.
Emily, who is described as a cheerful, friendly person, befriends Bella in New Moon. The left side of her face is extremely beautiful, as she was before the scars, which pull one of her eyes down and tug on the side of her mouth, causing her to have a scowl on one side of her face. Despite this, Emily bears no resentment towards Sam or any other members of the pack, and it is noted that the pack members have become her family. She often cooks for them and they appear to feel very comfortable and open in her house.
Emily is portrayed by Tinsel Korey in The Twilight Saga: New Moon[16] and The Twilight Saga: Eclipse.
Sue Clearwater
Sue Clearwater is the widow of Harry Clearwater, who died in New Moon of a heart attack. Sue has two children, Seth and Leah, who are both werewolves. In Breaking Dawn, Sue starts spending a lot of time with Charlie and occasionally cooks him meals after Bella moves out of his house. Near the end of Breaking Dawn, Bella hints that Sue and Charlie are romantically involved.
J. Jenks
Jason Jenks (alias Jason Scott) is a middle aged, balding attorney and forger of legal documents. Alice sends Bella to him when it seems likely that Renesmee and Jacob will need to go on the run to escape the Volturi. Jenks, having previously worked with Jasper several times, has a great fear of the Cullen family due to Jasper's belief that "some kinds of working relationships are better motivated by fear than by monetary gain". Bella employs Jenks to forge birth certificates, passports, and a driver's license for Jacob and Renesmee, and over the course of their relationship he starts to become more comfortable around her than he is with Jasper. An honorable man, he initially expresses reservations about giving Bella the documents she requests, under the belief that she intends to use them to kidnap Renesmee from her father, despite his fear that this might earn him the Cullen family's retribution. Bella assures him that this is not the case, and she decides afterwards to take over all relations with Jenks in order to spare him any further stress that Jasper might cause him.
J. Jenks is played by Wendell Pierce in The Twilight Saga: Breaking Dawn – Part 2.
References
1.Jump up ^ Seraphyn (2006-03-11). "Personal Correspondence #5 |". Twilight Lexicon. Retrieved 2010-05-01.
2.Jump up ^ Perlroth, Nicole (2010-04-14). "Blood Money". Forbes.
3.^ Jump up to: a b c d e Carroll, Larry (2008-02-19). "'Twilight' Character Film Portrayals". MTV (Viacom). Retrieved 2008-02-21.
4.Jump up ^ "Cullen, Emmett". Twilight Lexicon. 2006-03-10. Retrieved 2010-05-01.
5.Jump up ^ Seraphyn (May 20, 2007). "PERSONAL CORRESPONDENCE #12". Twilight Lexicon.
6.^ Jump up to: a b c d Carroll, Larry (2008-02-14). "'Twilight' Finds Its Latest Victims: Nikki Reed, Rachelle Lefevre Added To Cast". MTV (Viacom). Retrieved 2008-02-21.
7.Jump up ^ "PERSONAL CORRESPONDANCE #2". Twilight Lexicon. March 11, 2006
8.Jump up ^ Meyer, Stephanie (October 6, 2010). "A special note from Stephenie Meyer". Facebook.
9.Jump up ^ Yin, Maryann. "Taylor Lautner Interested in More Twilight Movies". Mediabistro. Retrieved 13 May 2011.
10.Jump up ^ "BookStories Interview with Stephenie Meyer". BookStories. Retrieved 2008-08-24.
11.Jump up ^ Murray, Rebecca. "Interview with Twilight Author Stephenie Meyer". About.com. Retrieved 23 August 2010.
12.Jump up ^ "Stephenie Meyer website; Twilight movie". Stephenie Meyer. Retrieved 2008-08-24.
13.Jump up ^ Meyer, Stephanie. Breaking Dawn, page 743.
14.Jump up ^ "Twilight Series | Breaking Dawn FAQ". StephenieMeyer.com. Retrieved 2010-05-01.
15.Jump up ^ Denise Martin (2008-08-08). "'Twilight': Stephenie Meyer lets her inner fangirl loose at the 'Breaking Dawn' concert series". Los Angeles Times. Retrieved 2008-08-21.
16.^ Jump up to: a b c "Summit Entertainment Starts Production on The Twilight Saga: New Moon" (Press release). Summit Entertainment. 2009-04-15. Retrieved 2009-04-15.
17.Jump up ^ "Summit Entertainment Starts Production on The Twilight Saga: Eclipse" (Press release). Summit Entertainment. 2009-08-18. Retrieved 2009-08-18.
18.Jump up ^ Steven Zeitchik (2009-07-29). "Howard to replace Lefevre in 3rd 'Twilight' film". Reuters. Retrieved 2009-08-08.
19.^ Jump up to: a b c d "Full Cast & Crew". Hollywood. Retrieved 2008-03-03.
20.Jump up ^ Tanner Stransky (2009-07-17). "'Twilight' third pic 'Eclipse' begins casting with Australian unknown Xavier Samuel". Entertainment Weekly. Retrieved 2009-08-08.
21.Jump up ^ "Jodelle Ferland as Bree Tanner on Twilight Saga: Eclipse". 2010-05-03. Retrieved 2010-07-08.
22.Jump up ^ Memmott, Carol (2011-03-31). "'Twilight' fans are on Team Meyer". USA Today.
23.Jump up ^ "Role in Twilight lets student shine". Dailvanguard. 2008-03-05. Retrieved 2008-03-05.
24.Jump up ^ Larry Carroll (2008-11-18). "'Twilight' Premiere: Robert Pattinson Loses His Hearing, Taylor Lautner Gets An Indecent Proposal". MTV. Viacom. Retrieved 2009-03-28.
25.Jump up ^ Murray, Rebecca. "Twilight: Taylor Lautner and Solomon Trimble Interviews". About.com. Retrieved 2009-03-28.
26.Jump up ^ Christina Radish (2009-02-02). "Solomon Trimble Keeps His Possibilities Open". Media Blvd. Retrieved 2009-03-28.
27.^ Jump up to: a b c Susan Wloszczyna (2009-04-21). "Wanted: Birth and brawn". USA Today. Retrieved 2009-06-03.
28.Jump up ^ Jenny Davies. "Meet the New New Moon Cast – Wolf Pack". ReelzChannel. Retrieved 2009-06-03.
29.Jump up ^ Alex Meraz: Life On The Set Of 'New Moon'. Access Hollywood. 2009-04-16. Retrieved 2009-04-16.
30.Jump up ^ Meyer, Stephanie. "Frequently Asked Questions: Breaking Dawn". The Official Website of Stephanie Meyer. Retrieved February 6, 2013.
31.^ Jump up to: a b Sperling, Nicole (2009-08-18). "'Twilight Saga: Eclipse' beings production today". Entertainment Weekly. Retrieved 2009-08-20.
32.Jump up ^ "Tyson Beckford Enjoying Men's "Supermodel" Success/"Reno 911's" Lennon Delivers the State of the State". Creators.com. Retrieved 2010-05-01.
33.Jump up ^ "Twilight Lexicon | Personal Correspondence #7". Twilightlexiconblog.com. 2006-03-26. Retrieved 2010-05-01.
34.Jump up ^ Larry Carroll (2008-09-16). "'Twilight' Tuesday: Screenwriter Melissa Rosenberg Was Inspired By 'Brokeback Mountain'". MTV. Viacom. Retrieved 2009-04-30.
35.Jump up ^ Larry Carroll (2009-06-10). "'Twilight' Stars Reveal Key 'New Moon' Scenes". MTV. Viacom. Retrieved 2009-06-11.
36.^ Jump up to: a b "Midnight" (PDF). Retrieved 2010-05-01.
37.^ Jump up to: a b Larry Carroll (2008-02-07). "'Twilight' Gives The Green Light To Anna Kendrick, Justin Chon For Book-Turned-Movie". MTV (Viacom). Retrieved 2008-02-18.
38.^ Jump up to: a b c Jean Bentley (2009-05-15). "'New Moon': 26 Pics from the Set". Entertainment Weekly. Retrieved 2009-05-16.
39.Jump up ^ Jen McDonnell (2009-11-01). "Interview: New Moon's Humans Keep It Real". Calgary Herald. Canwest Publishing Inc. Retrieved 2009-11-02.
External links

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Bella Swan

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Bella Swan
Twilight character

Bella Swan as portrayed by Kristen Stewart in the New Moon movie.

First appearance
Twilight
Last appearance
Breaking Dawn
Created by
Stephenie Meyer
Portrayed by
Kristen Stewart
Information

Nickname(s)
Bella
 Bells
 Bell
 Vampire girl (by Emily Young & Embry Call)
 Arizona (in films)
Species
Human (Twilight, New Moon, Eclipse, and Books 1 and 2 of Breaking Dawn)
Vampire (Book 3 of Breaking Dawn)
Gender
Female
Occupation
Student (through Twilight to Eclipse)
 Employee at Newton's Olympic Outfitters (New Moon and Eclipse)
Family
Charlie Swan (father)
Renée Dwyer (mother)
 Phil Dwyer (stepfather)
Carlisle Cullen (adoptive father-in-law)
Esme Cullen (adoptive mother-in-law)
Emmett Cullen and Jasper Hale (adoptive brothers-in-law)
Alice Cullen and Rosalie Hale (adoptive sisters-in-law)
Spouse(s)
Edward Cullen
Children
Renesmee Cullen
Isabella Marie "Bella" Swan (later Bella Cullen) is a character and the protagonist of the Twilight series, written by Stephenie Meyer. The Twilight series, consisting of the novels Twilight, New Moon, Eclipse, and Breaking Dawn, is primarily narrated from Bella's point of view. In the film series, Bella is portrayed by actress Kristen Stewart.
In Twilight, Bella moves to her father's home in Forks, Washington, meets the mysterious Cullen family, and falls in love with Edward Cullen. However, she soon discovers that the family is a coven of vampires. Bella expresses a desire to become a vampire herself, against Edward's wishes. In the second novel, New Moon, Edward and the other Cullens leave Forks in an effort to keep Bella safe from the vampire world. Jacob Black, a member of the Quileute tribe who is also a shape shifter taking a wolf form, comforts the distraught and severely depressed Bella. She comes to care deeply for Jacob, though less than she loves Edward. At the end of Eclipse, Bella becomes engaged to Edward, and they marry in Breaking Dawn. On their honeymoon, she becomes pregnant by Edward and, due to complications in child birth, Bella nearly dies giving birth to their daughter, Renesmee Cullen. Edward turns her into a vampire to save her life.

Contents
  [hide] 1 Concept and creation
2 Appearances 2.1 Twilight
2.2 New Moon
2.3 Eclipse
2.4 Breaking Dawn
3 Characterization 3.1 Physical appearance
3.2 Personality traits and abilities
3.3 Film portrayal
4 Reception
5 References
6 External links
Concept and creation[edit]
The premise for both the Bella Swan character and the Twilight series originated in a dream Stephenie Meyer had in which an "average girl" and a "fantastically beautiful, sparkly ... vampire ... were having an intense conversation in a meadow in the woods." In this dream, the pair "were discussing the difficulties inherent in the facts that ... they were falling in love with each other while ... the vampire was particularly attracted to the scent of her blood, and was having a difficult time restraining himself from killing her."[1]
Meyer's original characters were unnamed; she took to calling the characters, who would later become Edward Cullen and Bella, 'he' and 'she' for the purpose of convenience as she, "didn't want to lose the dream." The name 'Isabella' was decided upon, Meyer explains, because "after spending so much time with [the character], I loved her like a daughter. ... Inspired by that love, I gave her the name I was saving for my daughter, ...Isabella."[1]
Bella's positive reception at her new school in Forks, particularly her popularity with male characters, was modelled after Meyer's real life move from high school to college. Comparing her transitional experience to Bella's, Meyer noted that after her own move to college her "stock went through the roof," commenting that "beauty is a lot more subjective than you might think."[2]
Appearances[edit]
Twilight[edit]
Twilight is about a 17-year-old girl named Bella Swan, who moves from her mother's home in Phoenix, Arizona, to live with her father in her birthtown of Forks, Washington. There, she becomes intrigued by a student, Edward Cullen. When Edward saves her life, he exhibits super-human qualities. Bella learns from family friend Jacob Black that Quileute legends say the Cullen family are vampires.[3] Edward eventually admits to this truth, though his family hunts only animals, not humans, through moral choice.[4] Edward constantly warns Bella against being with him, perceiving her life to be at constant risk if she continues to associate with him because the scent of her blood is more powerful to him than that of any other human he has ever encountered. Bella's love and confidence in Edward's restraint is such that his warnings go unheeded, and on an outing with the Cullens she becomes the target of a sadistic vampire, James. With his family's help, Edward is able to save Bella from James' predations, but Edward is still unwilling to change Bella into a vampire himself.[5]
New Moon[edit]
New Moon begins on Bella's eighteenth birthday with her having a dream about being a lot older than her boyfriend Edward. During a party at the Cullens, she gets a small paper cut while opening a gift in wrapping paper. Edward's brother, Jasper, instinctively hungering for her blood, tries to attack her. Edward realizes that his relationship with Bella puts her in danger. In a misguided attempt to protect Bella, he convinces her that he no longer loves her and moves away with his family, leaving her heartbroken and depressed for months.
To appease her worried father, Bella goes to a movie with her friend Jessica. While there, she carelessly approaches a group of dangerous-looking men outside a bar and discovers she can hear Edward's voice when her adrenaline is high. Desperate to hear his voice again, Bella seeks out danger; she asks Jacob Black to repair two motorcycles and teach her to ride one. Their friendship grows to be very strong, and Jacob admits that he has romantic feelings for Bella, though she does not reciprocate them. When a vampire named Laurent tries to attack her, Bella is saved by a pack of giant wolves. Later, Bella learns that Jacob and other tribe members are shapeshifters who assume a wolf form to protect humans from vampires. Bella also discovers that the vampire Victoria has returned to Forks seeking to kill Bella to avenge her mate, James', death.
To hear Edward's voice, Bella attempts cliff-diving and nearly drowns, but she is saved by Jacob. Edward, after being mistakenly informed by Rosalie that Bella has committed suicide, travels to Volterra, Italy, to request the Volturi to destroy him. Alice returns to Forks and discovers Bella is alive; she and Bella pursue Edward to Italy and successfully prevent him from showing himself in daylight to humans, an act that would result in his execution. The trio are taken to the Volturi. Because Bella knows about vampires, the Volturi want to kill her, but Alice claims she has foreseen Bella becoming a vampire. Because most humans are unaware that vampires exist, the Volturi threaten to kill Bella if this does not happen soon. Upon returning home, Edward reveals to Bella that he never stopped loving her, he only left Forks because he thought it would protect her. He apologizes for this misguided action and asks for her forgiveness, which Bella quickly grants. Bella, intent on becoming a vampire, decides that Edward's family should vote on her fate. All but Rosalie and Edward vote affirmatively for her to be changed, but Edward agrees to change her himself if she will marry him first.[6]
Eclipse[edit]
Eclipse continues the drama of Bella and Edward's relationship. Edward explains that he is reluctant to change Bella into a vampire because he believes that vampires are soulless creatures who have no place in heaven. Bella, whose opinion of marriage is jaded by her own parents' early divorce, agrees to marry Edward on the condition that he will make love with her while she is still human and then turn her into a vampire. He initially refuses, saying that he could easily lose control in the heat of the moment and unintentionally kill her. However, seeing how important it is to Bella, he agrees to try, but only after they are married.
The plot is driven by the machinations of the vampire Victoria, who first encountered Bella and the Cullens during the first book, Twilight. Victoria, seeking to avenge her lover, James', death, hunts Bella while building a new vampire army. To combat this threat, a grudging truce is struck between the Cullens and the Native American shape-shifting wolf pack led by Sam Uley and Jacob Black, who pits himself against Edward as a love interest for Bella. Initially, Bella considers Jacob only as a friend but, despite her engagement to Edward, she shares a kiss with Jacob and realizes she loves him as well. Ultimately, Edward accepts Bella's love for Jacob and successfully destroys Victoria. Bella acknowledges that Edward is the most important person in her life, agreeing to announce their engagement to her father.[7]
Breaking Dawn[edit]
Breaking Dawn begins with the wedding of Bella and Edward at the Cullen home in the outskirts of Forks. They spend their honeymoon on Isle Esme, a fictional small island off the coast of Brazil that was given to Esme as a gift from Carlisle. They consummate their marriage, but their lovemaking sparks a conflict between the newlywed couple: Edward is horrified that he has bruised his wife, but Bella insists that she is fine and wants Edward to make love to her again. He vows not to do so again while she is still human. He eventually gives in. Afterwards, Bella becomes very sick and realizes that she is pregnant with their child.
Edward is shocked and rushes Bella home to see Carlisle, who, as a doctor, confirms that she is expecting a child. As the pregnancy takes a toll on Bella's health, Edward tries to talk her into having an abortion to save her own life. However, Bella feels a bond with her unborn child and insists on giving birth. Soon, Edward comes to love the baby as well, after he hears its thoughts and learns that the baby loves Bella in return and doesn't mean to hurt her.
Bella nearly dies giving birth but Edward successfully delivers their baby girl and then injects his venom into Bella's heart, thus healing her wounds by turning her into a vampire. During Bella's painful transformation, Jacob imprints—an involuntary process in which a shape-shifter finds his soul mate—on the baby, Renesmee Cullen.
After a vampire named Irina mistakes Renesmee for an immortal vampire child (a creation that is forbidden in the vampire world), Alice foresees the Volturi will arrive to destroy the Cullens as punishment for the alleged transgression. The Cullens find an array of vampire witnesses to observe the mortality of Renesmee. Bella soon discovers her ability to shield people from their mental thoughts and senses. Edward stands with Bella and their allies to convince the Volturi that Renesmee is not an immortal child and poses no threat to their existence. Once the Volturi leave, Edward and Bella are finally free to live their lives in peace with their daughter forever.[8]
Characterization[edit]
Physical appearance[edit]
Bella is described in the novels as being very pale with brown hair which is often described as mahogany, chocolate brown eyes, and a heart-shaped face. Beyond this, a detailed description of her appearance is never given in the series. Stephenie Meyer explains that she "left out a detailed description of Bella in the book so that the reader could more easily step into her shoes."[9] While Meyer stresses that "Bella's looks are open to interpretation",[9] she does supply her own personal interpretation on her website, describing Bella as:

"very fair-skinned, with long, straight, dark brown hair and chocolate brown eyes. Her face is heart-shaped—a wide forehead with a widow's peak, large, wide-spaced eyes, prominent cheekbones, and then a thin nose and a narrow jaw with a pointed chin. Her lips are a little out of proportion, a bit too full for her jaw line. Her eyebrows are darker than her hair and more straight than they are arched. She's five foot four inches tall, slender but not at all muscular, and weighs about 115 pounds. She has stubby fingernails because she has a nervous habit of biting them."[9]
Bella also has a small crescent-shaped scar on her arm/wrist where she was bitten by James, a tracker vampire, in Twilight. The scar is described as pale, always a few degrees colder than the rest of her body, and slightly sparkly in the sunlight.
After Bella was changed into a vampire by her husband Edward Cullen in Breaking Dawn, in keeping with the appearance of most vampires, she became extremely beautiful, her eyes turned red, and her skin became paler and smoother.
Personality traits and abilities[edit]
Bella is described as being clumsy and stubborn. She is also said to be a terrible liar, but occasionally demonstrates good acting ability. She has a habit of biting her lower lip. Bella becomes faint when she smells blood, though this no longer bothers her once she becomes a vampire. Stephenie Meyer has stated that Bella's "tragic flaw" in Eclipse is her lack of self-knowledge.[10] After being turned into a vampire, she describes having a much clearer view of the world. She is also very self-controlled, being able to ignore the scent of human blood on her first hunting trip.[8] Bella's private mind that was able to repel some vampires' mental abilities while she was human evolved after she became a vampire; her skill strengthened, allowing her to shield herself and those around her from other vampires' mental gifts.[8] By the end of Breaking Dawn, she is able to cast the shield away from herself. She is also described by Edward as "very graceful", even for a vampire, in comparison to her earlier clumsiness.
Film portrayal[edit]
In the film adaptations, Bella is portrayed by actress Kristen Stewart.[11] Meyer stated that she was "very excited" to see Stewart play the part and that she was "thrilled to have a Bella who has practice [in a vast array of film genres]", since, according to Meyer, Twilight has moments that fit into many genres.[12] Stewart wears contact lenses in the films in order to achieve a chocolate brown eye colour as described in the books.
Reception[edit]
Bella has received generally negative reception from critics. Publishers Weekly states that, after her transformation into a vampire, "it's almost impossible to identify with her" in Breaking Dawn.[13] Lilah Lohr of the Chicago Tribune compares Bella's character to the story of the Quileute wolves and describes it as "less satisfying."[14] During Twilight, Kirkus Reviews stated that "Bella's appeal is based on magic rather than character", but that her and Edward's "portrayal of dangerous lovers hits the spot".[15] In the review of New Moon, Kirkus Reviews said that Bella's personality was "flat and obsessive".[16] Laura Miller of salon.com said, in regards to Edward and Bella, "neither of them has much personality to speak of."[17] Entertainment Weekly's Jennifer Reese, in her review of Breaking Dawn noted, in regard to Bella, "You may wish she had loftier goals and a mind of her own, but these are fairy tales, and as a steadfast lover in the Disney princess mold, Bella has a certain saccharine appeal", and that during Bella's pregnancy "she is not only hard to identify with but positively horrifying, especially while guzzling human blood to nourish the infant."[18] Washington Post journalist Elizabeth Hand noted how Bella was often described as breakable and that "Edward's habit of constantly pulling her onto his lap or having her ride on his back further emphasize her childlike qualities", continuing to write that "the overall effect is a weird infantilization that has repellent overtones to an adult reader and hardly seems like an admirable model to foist upon our daughters (or sons)."[19] Gina Dalfonzo, in an article posted on the National Review website, calls Bella "self-deprecating" before her transformation into a vampire, and afterwards she is "insufferably vain".[20] Dalfonzo also states that Bella gets what she wants and discovers her worth "by giving up her identity and throwing away nearly everything in life that matters."[20]
References[edit]
1.^ Jump up to: a b "The Story Behind Twilight". Stepheniemeyer.com. Archived from the original on 30 July 2008. Retrieved 2008-09-02.
2.Jump up ^ "Bella's Move to Another High School". Stepheniemeyer.com. Archived from the original on 30 July 2008. Retrieved 2008-08-06.
3.Jump up ^ Meyer, Stephenie (2005). Twilight. Park Avenue, New York, United States of America: Little, Brown. p. 126. ISBN 978-0-316-01584-4. "Blood drinkers," he replied in a chilling voice. "Your people call them vampires."
4.Jump up ^ Meyer, Stephenie (2005). Twilight. Park Avenue, New York, United States of America: Little, Brown. p. 337. ISBN 978-0-316-01584-4. "One night, a herd of deer passed his hiding place. He was so wild with thirst that he attacked without thought. His strength returned and he realized there was an alternative to being the vile monster he feared."
5.Jump up ^ Meyer, Stephenie (2005). Twilight. Park Avenue, New York, United States of America: Little, Brown. p. 475. ISBN 978-0-316-01584-4. "Exactly", he [Edward] snapped. "And I won't end it [life] for you [Bella]."
6.Jump up ^ Meyer, Stephenie. (2006) New Moon. 563pp.
7.Jump up ^ Meyer, Stephenie. (2007) Eclipse. 629pp.
8.^ Jump up to: a b c Meyer, Stephenie. (2008) Breaking Dawn. 756pp.
9.^ Jump up to: a b c "What Does Bella Look Like?". Stepheniemeyer.com. Archived from the original on 4 October 2008. Retrieved 2008-09-02.
10.Jump up ^ "Eclipse FAQ". Stepheniemeyer.com. Archived from the original on 5 October 2008. Retrieved 2008-09-02.
11.Jump up ^ "Kristen Stewart chosen". MTV. Archived from the original on 25 July 2008. Retrieved 2008-08-20.
12.Jump up ^ StephenieMeyer.com "Excitement Towards Stewart's role". Stephenie Meyer. Retrieved 2008-08-20.
13.Jump up ^ "Publisher's Weekly for Breaking Dawn". Publisher's Weekly. ASIN 031606792. Missing or empty |url= (help)
14.Jump up ^ "Chicago Tribune Breaking Dawn review". Chicago Tribune. Archived from the original on 8 August 2008. Retrieved 2008-08-08.[dead link]
15.Jump up ^ "Twilight at Kirkus Reviews". Kirkus Reviews. Archived from the original on 8 August 2008. Retrieved 2008-08-08.
16.Jump up ^ "New Moon at Kirkus Reviews". Kirkus Reviews. Archived from the original on 8 August 2008. Retrieved 2008-08-08.
17.Jump up ^ "Twilight series at salon.com". Salon.com. Archived from the original on 8 August 2008. Retrieved 2008-08-08.
18.Jump up ^ "Entertainment Weekly Breaking Dawn review". Entertainment Weekly. 2008-08-08. Archived from the original on 28 August 2008. Retrieved 2008-08-20.
19.Jump up ^ Hand, Elizabeth (2008-08-10). "Washington Post Review". Washington Post. Retrieved 2008-08-20.
20.^ Jump up to: a b "National Review". National Review. Archived from the original on 26 August 2008. Retrieved 2008-08-22.
External links[edit]

Portal icon Twilight portal
Stephenie Meyer - Official Website
Bella Swan at the Internet Movie Database

[hide]
v·
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Stephenie Meyer's The Twilight Saga



Twilight New Moon Eclipse Breaking Dawn


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Soundtrack



Film
Soundtrack



Film
Soundtrack



Film 1 • Film 2
Soundtrack 1 • Soundtrack 2




Characters
Bella Swan·
 Edward Cullen·
 Jacob Black
 

Spin-offs
The Short Second Life of Bree Tanner·
 Twilight: The Graphic Novel·
 New Moon: The Graphic Novel·
 Midnight Sun (unpublished)·
 The Twilight Saga: The Official Illustrated Guide
 

Related
Film series·
 Scene It game·
 Cast members·
 Vampires Suck·
 Breaking Wind·
 Fifty Shades of Grey·
 Gabriel's Inferno·
 Beautiful Bastard·
 Twicon
 

Category Category·
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Categories: Characters in fantasy literature
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Edward Cullen

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 This article may contain an excessive amount of intricate detail that may only interest a specific audience. Please help relocate any relevant information, and remove excessive detail that may be against Wikipedia inclusion policy. (March 2012) 

 This article describes a work or element of fiction in a primarily in-universe style. Please help rewrite it to explain the fiction more clearly and provide non-fictional perspective. (March 2012) 
This article is about the fictional character. For other uses, see Edward Cullen (disambiguation).
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Edward Cullen
Twilight character
Edward Cullen.jpg
Edward Cullen as portrayed by Robert Pattinson in the Twilight film series

First appearance
Twilight
Last appearance
Breaking Dawn
Created by
Stephenie Meyer
Portrayed by
Robert Pattinson
Information

Aliases
Edward Anthony Masen (human name)
Species
Vampire
Gender
Male
Occupation
Student
Family
Edward Masen, Sr. (biological father)
 Elizabeth Masen (biological mother)
Carlisle Cullen (adoptive father)
Esme Cullen (adoptive mother)
Emmett Cullen and Jasper Hale (adoptive brothers)
Alice Cullen and Rosalie Hale (adoptive sisters)
Charlie Swan (father-in-law)
Renée Dwyer (mother-in-law)
Spouse(s)
Bella Swan
Children
Renesmee Cullen
Edward Cullen (né Edward Anthony Masen) is a fictional character in Stephenie Meyer's Twilight series. He is featured in the books Twilight, New Moon, Eclipse and Breaking Dawn, and their corresponding film adaptations, and the as yet unfinished novel Midnight Sun - a re-telling of the events of Twilight from Edward's perspective. Edward is a telepathic Vampire who, over the course of the series, falls in love with, marries, and has a child with Bella Swan, a human teenager who later chooses to become a vampire as well. In the Twilight film series, Edward is played by actor Robert Pattinson.

Contents
  [hide] 1 Concept and creation
2 Appearances 2.1 Twilight
2.2 New Moon
2.3 Eclipse
2.4 Breaking Dawn
3 Characterization 3.1 Physical appearance
3.2 Vampiric abilities and personal interests
4 Film portrayal 4.1 Casting
4.2 Development
5 Reception
6 References
7 External links
Concept and creation
[icon] This section requires expansion. (September 2008)
Stephenie Meyer stated that the original concept of Edward originated in a dream that she had, in which an "average girl" and a "fantastically beautiful, sparkly ... vampire ... were having an intense conversation in a meadow in the woods." In this dream, the pair "were discussing the difficulties inherent in the facts that ... they were falling in love with each other while ... the vampire was particularly attracted to the scent of her blood, and was having a difficult time restraining himself from killing her." She chose the name "Edward" because she thought it was "a name that had once been considered romantic, but had fallen out of popularity for decades".[1] The development of the character was influenced by the fictional characters Gilbert Blythe, Fitzwilliam Darcy, and Edward Rochester — particularly the last, who, like Edward Cullen, sees himself as a "monster".[2] A recurring theme in the series, especially in the first three books, is that Edward is constantly trying to avoid accidentally harming Bella, due to his vampire nature.
Appearances
Twilight
In Twilight, Edward meets Bella Swan, a human girl whose thoughts he is unable to read, and whose blood smells overwhelmingly sweet to him.[3] He fights a growing attraction to her, but after saving her life on several occasions, he succumbs and eventually falls in love with her. Edward admits to Bella that he is a vampire, and that although he retains the physical body of a seventeen-year-old, he was actually born on June 20, 1901. His adoptive father, Carlisle Cullen, transformed him into a vampire in 1918 to prevent him from dying in the Spanish influenza epidemic in Chicago, Illinois by the request of Edward's mother who begged him to do whatever it took to save him. Carlisle instilled in him a sense of morality uncommon in most vampires, and central to his way of life is the refusal to consider humans as food.
However, Edward constantly warns Bella against being with him, perceiving her life to be at risk if she continues to associate with him. Bella's love and confidence in Edward's restraint cause her to ignore his warnings, even after she becomes the vampire James' target. Unlike the Cullen family, who are "vegetarian" vampires (committed to only feeding on animals), James regularly feeds on humans and will not stop until he drinks Bella's blood. With his family's help, Edward is able to save Bella from James' predations, but how to assure Bella's continued safety remains an open question.[4]
New Moon
In New Moon, Edward's fears for Bella's safety intensify when she cuts her finger and is almost attacked by his brother Jasper. In an attempt to protect her, he convinces her that he no longer loves her, and moves away with his family, leaving Bella heartbroken. Edward finds it difficult to live without Bella, and becomes severely depressed at the prospect of an infinitely long and meaningless life. After he mistakenly learns from his sister Rosalie that Bella has committed suicide, Edward attempts to convince a group of Italian vampires, the Volturi, to kill him. Together with his sister Alice, Bella rushes to Italy and stops Edward before the Volturi can destroy him.
Edward explains why he left, and apologizes to Bella. She eventually forgives him entirely, and they continue with their relationship as though Edward had never left, with the exception that Bella has ties that cannot be broken with a werewolf named Jacob Black. Bella successfully seeks the support of Edward's family on turning her into a vampire. While Edward is furious at the prospect, he later agrees to change her himself if she agrees to marry him first.[5]
Eclipse
In Eclipse, Bella agrees to marry Edward on the condition he will make love to her while she is still human. Edward eventually relents and agrees, on the stipulation it will only occur after they are married. The plot is driven by the machinations of the vampire Victoria, who, seeking revenge for the death of her mate James, is hunting Bella and creating new vampires to build an army. A grudging truce is made between the Cullens and the Native-American werewolf pack led by Sam Uley and Jacob Black, a friend of Bella's who was there for her when Edward broke her heart. However, the truce is endangered when Bella realizes Jacob means more to her than she thought. Ultimately, Edward accepts that Bella cares for Jacob and successfully destroys Victoria, and Bella acknowledges that Edward is the most important person in her life. Edward tells Bella that they may attempt making love before they get married, as he realizes that she spends too much of her life trying to please other people. However, she refuses his offer and agrees to doing things the way Edward initially wanted: marriage, making love, and then becoming a vampire.[6]
Breaking Dawn
Breaking Dawn sees Edward and Bella marry. Bella becomes pregnant on their honeymoon, and the rapid growth of the half-human, half-vampire fetus swiftly impacts on Bella’s health. Edward tries to coerce her into having an abortion in order to save her own life. However, Bella feels a bond with her unborn child and insists on giving birth. Edward comes to feel love for the baby as well, after he hears its thoughts and learns that the baby loves Bella in return. Bella nearly dies giving birth in an emergency c-section, but Edward successfully delivers his daughter and then injects Bella's heart with his venom, healing her wounds by turning her into an immortal vampire. During Bella's painful transformation, Jacob imprints on their baby daughter, Renesmee.
After a vampire named Irina mistakes Renesmee for an immortal vampire child—a creation forbidden in the vampire world—the Volturi arrive to destroy the Cullens. Edward stands with Bella and their allies to convince the Volturi that Renesmee is not an immortal child and poses no threat to their existence. Once the Volturi leave, Edward and Bella feel free to live their lives in peace with their daughter.[7]
Characterization
Edward is described in the book as being charming, polite, determined, and very stubborn. He is very protective over Bella and puts her safety, humanity and welfare before anything else. He often over-analyzes situations and has a tendency to overreact, especially in situations where Bella's safety is at risk. He retains some outdated speech from his human life in the early 20th century. Edward sees himself as a monster, and after falling in love with Bella, he desperately wishes that he were human instead of a vampire.
Physical appearance



 Edward Cullen's skin sparkling in the sunlight
Like all the vampires in the Twilight series, Edward is described as being impossibly beautiful. At various points in the series, she compares him to the mythical Greek god Adonis. His skin is "like marble"—very pale, ice cold, and sparkles in the sunlight. She describes his facial features as being perfect and angular—high cheekbones, strong jawline, a straight nose, and full lips. His hair, which is always messy, retains the unusual bronze shade that he inherited in his human life from his biological mother. His eyes, once green, are now described as topaz. His appearance changes if he goes too long without feeding: his eyes darken, becoming almost black, and purple bruises appear beneath his eyes. Edward is 6'2", and has a slender but muscular body.
Vampiric abilities and personal interests
Edward, like all vampires in the Twilight series, possesses superhuman stamina, senses, mentality, and agility, as well as a healing factor and night vision. His superhuman strength allows him to subdue his prey, uproot trees, throw cars, and crush metal. His bodily tissue is stronger than granite, making him much more durable and tougher than humans as well as contributing slightly to his body weight. He is described as being inhumanly beautiful with refined and perfected features. His scent and voice are enormously seductive to Bella, so much so that he occasionally sends her into a pliant daze entirely by accident. In Twilight, Edward explains that like other vampires, he does not need to breathe, though he chooses to do so out of habit and because it is helpful to smell his environment. He cannot digest regular food, and compares its attractiveness for him to the prospect of eating dirt for a regular person. Like other vampires, Edward is not able to sleep.
In addition to the traits he shares with his fellow vampires, Edward has certain abilities that are his alone. He possesses superior superhuman speed compared to that of other vampires and is the fastest of the Cullens, able to outrun any of them. Edward is also telepathic, able read the mind of anyone within a few miles of himself; Bella is the sole exception to this rule, which Meyer has stated is due to Bella having a very private mind.[8] Edward also retains some of the traditional mindset and dated patterns of speech from his early-20th century human life.
Edward is musical, able to play the piano like a virtuoso. He enjoys a wide range of music, including classical, jazz, progressive metal, alternative rock, and punk rock, but dislikes country. He prefers indie rock to mainstream, and appreciates rock and classical music equally.[9] He mentions in Twilight that he likes music from the fifties better than the sixties, dislikes the seventies, and says the eighties were "bearable".
A hobby of Edward's is collecting cars.[9] He owns a Volvo S60 R and an Aston Martin V12 Vanquish as a "special occasion" car. He also gave his sister Alice a Porsche 911 Turbo as a gift in Eclipse. He bought a motorcycle to ride alongside Bella, but gave it to Jasper after he realized that riding motorcycles was a hobby she enjoyed sharing with Jacob.
Film portrayal
Casting
Prior to the role of Edward being cast for the 2008 Twilight film, Meyer opined that, although Edward was "Indisputably the most difficult character to cast, [he] is also the one that I'm most passionately decided upon. The only actor I've ever seen who I think could come close to pulling off Edward Cullen is....(drumroll)....Henry Cavill."[10] When the film was optioned by Summit Entertainment in July 2007, Meyer stated that; "The most disappointing thing for me is losing my perfect Edward",[11] as Cavill was by then 24 years old, and thus too old to realistically fill the role. Meyer reported on her website that the four most popular fan suggestions for actors to play Edward were Hayden Christensen, Robert Pattinson, Orlando Bloom and Gerard Way.[10] On 11 December 2007, it was announced that Pattinson, known for his portrayal of Cedric Diggory in the Harry Potter films, had been cast in the role.[12] Erik Feig, Summit Entertainment’s President of Production, stated: "It is always a challenge to find the right actor for a part that has lived so vividly in the imaginations of readers but we took the responsibility seriously and are confident, with Rob Pattinson, that we have found the perfect Edward for our Bella in Twilight."[12] Meyer stated that; "I am ecstatic with Summit's choice for Edward. There are very few actors who can look both dangerous and beautiful at the same time, and even fewer who I can picture in my head as Edward. Robert Pattinson is going to be amazing."[13]
Twilight's director, Catherine Hardwicke, said of the casting process that "[e]verybody has such an idealized vision of Edward. They were rabid [about who I was going to cast]. Like, old ladies saying, 'You better get it right."[14] She revealed that she was initially underwhelmed by a photo of Pattinson, but said of his audition, which was a love scene with co-star Kristen Stewart: "It was electric. The room shorted out, the sky opened up, and I was like, 'This is going to be good.'"[14] Pattinson has admitted; "I had no idea how to play the part when I went in, and it was a good thing to find during the audition. I really wanted it after that, but I didn’t really even know what it was. I hadn’t really read any of the books. And just from that, ‘I want this job.’ It was pretty much because of Kristen."[15] In early 2008, Pattinson spoke of a fan backlash against his casting, disclosing Entertainment Weekly that "I stopped reading [fansites and blogs] after I saw the signatures saying 'Please, anyone else.'"[14] He revealed to the Evening Standard that; "The books have a huge following, and I’ve already got bags of letters from angry fans, telling me that I can’t possibly play Edward, because I’m Diggory. I hope I can prove them wrong."[16]
Development
Following an April 2008 set visit, Meyer opined that Pattinson and Stewart had developed chemistry so good it "may cause hyperventilation".[17] Pattinson revealed that Meyer had gifted him an early copy of Midnight Sun - a re-telling of the events of Twilight, narrated from Edward's point of view.[18] He explained that: "That is what I liked about [taking on] the job, because the guy doesn’t really exist that much, so you can just create whatever you want. Then, when I found out there was another book from Edward’s perspective, [I read it and it turned out] we had the same perspective!"[18] In preparation for the role, Pattinson wrote journal entries as Edward and distanced from his friends and family, explaining that he "wanted to feel his isolation".[14] Physically, he revealed that; "I was supposed to get a six-pack. But it didn't really work out."[14] One scene in the story sees Edward, a gifted pianist, compose a lullaby for Bella. Pattinson was given the opportunity to submit a composition for consideration for this scene, with Hardwicke stating; "I told him he should write one, and let’s see if we can make it work, because that would be really cool if it was Rob’s song. He’s a beautiful musician, a very creative soul, very similar to Edward. He just totally reads the most interesting stuff, and sees the most interesting movies, and is very introspective and diving into his existential self." Meyer approved; "If Robert could write a lullaby, that would definitely add to some of the mystique of the movie, wouldn’t it?"[19] While two of Pattinson's compositions do feature in the final film, the lullaby piece finally selected was composed by Carter Burwell.[20]
In April 2008, Hardwicke, in a turnabout from her initial underwhelmed reaction upon first seeing a photograph of Pattinson, enthused; "The thing that’s great about him is he really does [...] feel like he’s otherworldly. I mean, he doesn’t look like a normal guy. And when you read the book, you think, ‘Who on the planet can live up to this description?’ But I think he does. He’s just got that chiseled face that photographs exactly like it’s described in the book. When you read about the sculptured cheeks and chiseled jawbone and everything, it’s like, ‘Wow. Did she write this for Rob?"[21] Pattinson, in a detailed interview on how he perceives the character, admitted to having incorporated aspects of Rebel Without a Cause into his portrayal of Edward, assessing; "I guess kind of the thing which I found interesting is that he is essentially the hero of this story but violently denies that he is the hero. Like at every point even when he does heroic things he still thinks that he’s [...] the most ridiculously selfish evil creature around. [..] He refuses to accept Bella’s love for him but at the same time can’t help but just kind of needs it, which is kind of what the essential storyline is."[22] Appearing at ComicCon in July 2008 while the film was in post-production, Pattinson surmised the Twilight experience as: "bizarre. You kind of know that it is essentially the book. The book has so many obsessive, obsessively loyal fans. It's strange because people just immediately relate you to the character right away rather than you as an actor."[23] Pattinson reprised his role as Edward in all of the Twilight sequels.[24]
In an interview, Pattinson admits that he never had formal training on how to do his American accent; "...I just grew up watching American movies... I kind of learned how to act, or whatever, from American films."[25]
Reception
Larry Carroll for MTV Movies deemed Edward and Bella "an iconic love story for a whole generation",[26] while Kirkus cited Edward's portrayal in Twilight as being "overly Byronic".[27] Edward Cullen was also ranked #5 on the Forbes list of Hollywood's 10 Most Powerful Vampires.[28] Entertainment Weekly named him "one of the greatest characters of the last 20 years" and described him as a "literary influence and love of girls and women everywhere for a long time to come".[29]
Since the release of the Twilight series, the character of Edward has developed somewhat of a cult following, with millions of devoted, mostly female, fans worldwide.[30] However, while the character has been called the "obsession of teen girls",[31] several criticisms of his character, in particular accusations of sexism, have emerged. Gina R. Dalfonzo of the National Review Online described Edward's character as mentally unstable and a "predator", using behavioral examples such as spying on Bella while she sleeps, eavesdropping on her conversations, dictating her choice of friends, and encouraging her to deceive her father as reasons why Dalfonzo believes he is "one of modern fiction's best candidates for a restraining order."[32] Author and Editor of Twilight and Philosophy, Rebecca Housel, suggested that Edward's romantic literary persona translates in real life into what Housel called a "stalker" in her chapter focusing on separating the fact from the fiction in Twilight.[33]
References
1.Jump up ^ "The Story Behind Twilight". Stepheniemeyer.com. Retrieved 2008-09-02.
2.Jump up ^ Purdon, Fiona (19 July 2008). "Stephenie Meyer's chaste vampires lure young readers". The Courier-Mail. Retrieved 2008-07-20.[dead link]
3.Jump up ^ Meyer, Stephenie. "1" (PDF). Midnight Sun. Twilight series. Retrieved 2008-09-02.
4.Jump up ^ Meyer, Stephenie (October 5, 2005). Twilight. Twilight. Park Avenue, New York: Little, Brown. p. 498. ISBN 978-0-316-01584-4.
5.Jump up ^ Meyer, Stephenie (2006). New Moon. Twilight series. Park Avenue, New York: Little, Brown. p. 563. ISBN 978-0-316-16019-3.
6.Jump up ^ Meyer, Stephenie (2007). Eclipse. Twilight series. Park Avenue, New York: Little, Brown. p. 629. ISBN 978-0-316-16020-9.
7.Jump up ^ Meyer, Stephenie (2008). Breaking Dawn. Twilight series. Park Avenue, New York: Little, Brown. p. 756. ISBN 978-0-316-06792-8.
8.Jump up ^ "Twilight Lexicon | Personal Correspondence #10". Twilightlexiconblog.com. 2006-09-19. Retrieved 2010-09-05.
9.^ Jump up to: a b "Twilight Lexicon | Personal Correspondence #1". Twilightlexiconblog.com. 2006-03-11. Retrieved 2010-09-05.
10.^ Jump up to: a b Stephenie Meyer. "Twilight the Movie". Stephenie Meyer.com. Retrieved 2008-09-02.
11.Jump up ^ Stephenie Meyer (7 July 2007). "Twilight the Movie - July 7, 2007 Update". Stephenie Meyer.com. Retrieved 2008-09-02.
12.^ Jump up to: a b "Actor Robert Pattinson Joins the Cast of Twilight For Summit Entertainment". Summit Entertainment.com. 11 December 2007. Archived from the original on 2008-05-31. Retrieved 2008-09-02.
13.Jump up ^ Stephenie Meyer (11 December 2007). "Actor Robert Pattinson joins cast of Twilight for Summit Entertainment". Stephenie Meyer.com. Retrieved 2008-09-02.
14.^ Jump up to: a b c d e Nicole Sperling (10 July 2008). "'Twilight': Inside the First Stephenie Meyer Movie". Entertainment Weekly. Retrieved 2008-09-02.
15.Jump up ^ "Vampires Get Romantic in ‘Twilight’". MSN.com. 22 April 2008. Retrieved 2008-09-02.
16.Jump up ^ Emily Bearn (25 February 2008). "A Surreal Career" (Reprint). Retrieved 2008-09-02.
17.Jump up ^ Stephenie Meyer (16 April 2008). "Twilight the Movie". Stephenie Meyer.com. Retrieved 2008-09-02.
18.^ Jump up to: a b Larry Carroll (15 April 2008). "‘Twilight’ Set Visit Confirms Edward And Bella’s Chemistry, Offers A ‘Midnight Sun’ Preview". MTV.com. Retrieved 2008-09-02.
19.Jump up ^ Larry Carroll (22 April 2008). "Robert Pattinson Composing ‘Bella’s Lullaby’ For ‘Twilight’ Movie". MTV.com. Retrieved 2008-09-02.
20.Jump up ^ Larry Carroll (29 August 2009). "'Twilight' reshoots: Why is Catherine Hardwicke filming again?". Entertainment Weekly. Retrieved 2008-09-02.[dead link]
21.Jump up ^ Cindy White (25 April 2008). "Exclusive Set Visit: Twilight". IGN.com. Retrieved 2008-09-02.
22.Jump up ^ Jared Pacheco (28 April 2008). "INT: Robert Pattinson". Arrow in the Head. Retrieved 2008-09-02.
23.Jump up ^ Fred Tope (26 August 2008). "Robert Pattinson on Twilight". CanMag. Retrieved 2008-09-02.
24.Jump up ^ Larry Carroll (13 May 2008). "Exclusive: ‘Twilight’ Filmmakers Hope To Shoot Sequels Simultaneously". MTV.com. Retrieved 2008-09-02.
25.Jump up ^ none (none). "Robert Pattinson on his American Accent". Youtube.com. Retrieved 2008-12-16.
26.Jump up ^ Larry Carroll (22 April 2008). "'Twilight' Stars Robert Pattinson, Kristen Stewart Turn Up The Heat To Prepare For Love Story". MTV.com. Retrieved 2008-09-02.
27.Jump up ^ "Kirkus Review at B&N.com". B&N.com. Retrieved 2009-01-21.
28.Jump up ^ Lauren Streib. "Hollywood's 10 Most Powerful Vampires". Forbes. Retrieved 2009-08-16.
29.Jump up ^ Amanda Lynne. "Robert Pattinson's Edward Cullen named one of the greatest characters of the last 20 years". Gather.Com. Retrieved 2010-07-16.
30.Jump up ^ Steven D. Greydanus. "Twilight Appeal: The cult of Edward Cullen and vampire love in Stephenie Meyer's novels and the new film". Decent Films Guide. Retrieved 2009-01-21.
31.Jump up ^ Martha Brockenbrough. "Does 'Twilight' Suck the Brains Out of Teens?". MSN Movies. Retrieved 2009-01-21.
32.Jump up ^ Gina R. Dalfonzo (2008-08-22). "In Love with Death". National Review Online. Retrieved 2009-01-21.
33.Jump up ^ "Twilight & Philosophy". Amazon.com. Retrieved 2010-09-05.
External links

Portal icon Twilight portal
Stephenie Meyer official website
Twilight series official website
Twilight movie official website
Edward Cullen at the Internet Movie Database

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Jacob Black

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Jacob Black
Twilight character
Jacob Black2.jpg
Jacob Black as portrayed by Taylor Lautner in New Moon.

First appearance
Twilight
Last appearance
Breaking Dawn
Created by
Stephenie Meyer
Portrayed by
Taylor Lautner
Information

Nickname(s)
Jake
Species
Werewolf/shapeshifter
Gender
Male
Occupation
High school student, protector of La Push
Title
Beta/Alpha's Second (New Moon and Eclipse), Alpha/Leader (Breaking Dawn)
Family
Billy Black (father),
 Sarah Black (mother, deceased),
 Rachel and Rebecca (older twin sisters),
 Ephraim Black (great-grandfather, deceased),
 Quil Ateara V (second cousin)
Jacob "Jake" Black is a character in the Twilight series by Stephenie Meyer. He is described as a Native American of the Quileute tribe in La Push, near Forks, Washington. In the second book of the series, he discovers that he can shapeshift into a wolf. For the majority of the series, Jacob competes with Edward Cullen for Bella Swan's love. In the films Twilight, New Moon, Eclipse, and Breaking Dawn, Jacob is played by Taylor Lautner.

Contents
  [hide] 1 Concept and creation
2 Role in the books 2.1 Twilight
2.2 New Moon
2.3 Eclipse
2.4 Breaking Dawn
3 Characterization 3.1 Physical appearance
3.2 Personality and abilities
4 Film portrayal
5 Team Jacob
6 References
7 External links
Concept and creation[edit source]
According to Stephenie Meyer, Jacob was originally meant to be a device through which Bella could learn Edward's secret in Twilight. Meyer, her agent, and her editor all liked the character so much that they decided to give him a larger role in the following book, New Moon, with Meyer calling the character, "my favorite gift that New Moon gave to me."[1]

"Jacob was my first experience with a character taking over—a minor character developing such roundness and life that I couldn't keep him locked inside a tiny role....From the very beginning, even when Jacob only appeared in chapter six of Twilight, he was so alive. I liked him. More than I should for such a small part."
Meyer has said that after Jacob started emerging as a prominent character in New Moon, she went back to Twilight, which she was editing at the time, to "weave Jacob and [his father Billy] throughout Twilight more centrally."[1]
Role in the books[edit source]
Twilight[edit source]
Jacob is given a small role in the first book of the series. He is introduced as the son of Billy Black, an old Swan family friend. When Bella uses him to get information on Edward Cullen and his family, Jacob tells her Quileute legends and introduces her to the idea that Edward is a vampire. Bella comes to like Jacob, and he develops a crush on her.[2]
New Moon[edit source]
In New Moon, Jacob's character is used as a device to help Bella emerge from her months-long depression, brought on by her distress over Edward's departure. The friendship between the two characters grows strong, but Jacob also develops romantic feelings for Bella that she does not reciprocate. It is revealed that, as a member of the Quileute tribe, Jacob is descended from an ancient line of "shapeshifters" that assume wolf form. In their backstory, the Quileutes are vampires' mortal enemies. When Jacob undergoes his first transformation into a wolf, it is in response to a new vampire threat. Soon, the character becomes busy patrolling the forest with his pack, searching for vampires in the area. When Bella is caught by the vampire Laurent alone in a clearing, she is saved by Jacob and the wolf pack, who chase and kill Laurent.
Jacob serves as a rescue for Bella and a foil to Edward on multiple occasions in the narrative. When Bella, whose character has taken increasingly dangerous risks to feel closer to Edward, impulsively jumps off a cliff and almost drowns, Jacob saves her life. After Edward mistakenly believes she has died and plans to kill himself, Bella and Edward's sister, Alice Cullen, rush to Italy to stop his suicide, leaving Jacob hurt and angry. Jacob is disgusted by Edward's return and by Bella's willingness to take him back after he left her. Jacob reminds Edward of his tribe's treaty with the Cullen family, which states that the Cullens are not allowed to bite humans.[3]
Eclipse[edit source]
In Eclipse, Jacob, enraged by the fact that Bella plans to become a vampire, attempts to distance himself by not returning her phone calls and refusing to see her. Later, during the scene when Jacob visits Bella and Edward to discuss the vampire Victoria's return, he tells Bella that he misses her and wishes that they could remain friends. With Edward's approval, Bella begins to visit Jacob on a regular basis. On one of these visits, Jacob tells Bella that he is in love with her and that he wants her to choose him over Edward. Bella is caught off guard by his confession and tells him she only thinks of him as a friend. He forcibly kisses her, much to her displeasure, and she reacts by punching him in the face, breaking her hand and not leaving a scratch on him.
Jacob's shapeshifter pack and the Cullen family join forces to defeat Victoria and the army of newborn vampires she has created. Before the battle, Jacob overhears Edward and Bella discussing their engagement, which angers him greatly. Jacob threatens suicide and Bella, in an attempt to stop him, kisses him passionately. Afterward, she comes to the realization that she loves Jacob, but her love for Edward is greater. The epilogue is written from Jacob's point-of-view; angry, heartbroken, and hurt at Bella's decision to become a vampire, he runs away in his wolf form to escape his pain.[4]
Breaking Dawn[edit source]
Jacob returns after an absence of several weeks to attend Bella and Edward's wedding in Breaking Dawn. Though described as being still visibly pained by her decision, he tells Bella that he wants her to be happy. However, when Bella inadvertently informs him that she and Edward plan to have sex before she becomes a vampire, Jacob becomes enraged because he is said to know that Edward's strength could kill her. When Bella and Edward return from their honeymoon, Jacob becomes the narrator of the story for several chapters, during which he learns that she is pregnant with Edward's half-vampire, half-human child and has become desperately weak. When Jacob informs the pack of Bella's pregnancy, their leader Sam Uley plans an attack on the Cullens in order to kill Bella and, thereby, her unborn child because of the threat he believes the child presents. Jacob, who feels that the Cullens are innocent, disobeys Sam's command and separates himself from the pack. Fulfilling his birthright as an Alpha wolf, he is joined in a new pack by Seth and Leah Clearwater, who aid Jacob and the Cullens in protecting Bella. After the birth of Renesmee Carlie Cullen, Bella and Edward's daughter, Jacob immediately "imprints"— an involuntary response in which a shape-shifter finds his soul mate—on Renesmee. As a result, his affections are shifted and the romantic conflict between Jacob and Bella's characters is resolved. They remain close friends. The enmity between Jacob and the Cullens is also dispelled, and he and Edward come to view each other as brothers.[5]
Characterization[edit source]

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Physical appearance[edit source]
Jacob is characterized as having primarily dark features by his "dark russet skin", "brown eyes", and "black hair". In Twilight, he is described as a lanky 5' 10" fifteen-year-old with hair down to his shoulders. By Breaking Dawn, Jacob's growing character stands at 6'7" feet and has a muscular build. In New Moon, after discovering that he can turn into a wolf, he cuts off his long hair. He later grows it out in Eclipse, thinking that Bella prefers it long. This makes his fur as a wolf shaggier and longer than that of the other wolves. He is said to be quite handsome, as Bella once mentions her jealousy of his features and describes him as "sort of beautiful". He tends to wear only cut-off style jeans or shorts with no shirt, since clothes are often ruined during his transformations into a wolf. As a wolf, Jacob has fur that is described as rusty brown. In the films, the members of the pack all have the same tattoo on their right shoulder.
Personality and abilities[edit source]
Bella describes Jacob as a "happy person" who extends this happiness to the people around him. As Jacob's character emerges in New Moon, he is shown to be cheery, passionate, and adventurous, but hot-headed. Jacob is also able to shape-shift at will into a giant wolf, and sometimes when angered he will involuntarily phase. His body temperature is warmer than a human's body should be, reaching about 108.9 °F (42.7 °C), which allows him to withstand very cold weather. In human form, his body heals within seconds, he possesses superhuman strength and speed, has a high durability rate, sharp senses and free running abilities. In wolf-form he can communicate with his wolf pack telepathically, has enhanced superhuman strength and speed and a substantial size increase. While in wolf-form, his teeth can cut through the granite-hard bodies of a vampire with ease. Members of Quileute wolf-pack do not age if they regularly turn into their wolf form, with Jacob's body physically grown to the equivalent of a 25-year-old in Breaking Dawn. Jacob is the strongest of the pack. Once they begin phasing, a Quileute shapeshifter may "imprint" —a method of finding one's soulmate —on someone, and will act as whatever the imprintee needs, whether it be a protector, a lover, or an older sibling. Jacob imprints on Edward and Bella's daughter Renesmee in Breaking Dawn.
While treating Jacob in Eclipse, Carlisle takes a blood sample and runs some tests on it. He discovers that he has 24 pairs of chromosomes, one more than a human. A distinction is made in Breaking Dawn between the old world Children of the Moon ("true werewolves") and this shape-shifting Quileute tribe. The former are held to be a more ferocious and territorial type, with a transformative venomous bite and who involuntary phase as do traditional werewolves on the full moon. The latter are implied as being blessed with the supernatural ability to shapeshift into other giant animals or "spirits of nature".
Film portrayal[edit source]
Taylor Lautner played the part of Jacob Black in the film adaptation of Twilight.[6] Due to major physical changes in the character of Jacob between Twilight and New Moon, director Chris Weitz considered replacing Lautner in the sequel with an actor who could more accurately portray "the new, larger Jacob Black."[7] In an attempt to keep the role, Lautner stated, "I have been working out. I've been working out since the day we finished filming Twilight. I just weighed myself today; I've put on 19 pounds... [and] I'm guaranteeing Weitz 10 more [pounds] by filming."[8] Lautner would continue to play the role of Jacob in New Moon,[9] and all the subsequent films.
Team Jacob[edit source]
Many fans of the Twilight franchise, particularly teenagers, like to debate whether Edward or Jacob is the better match for Bella. Both sides of the debate have coalesced around informal "teams" of followers, whether "Team Jacob" or "Team Edward." In a poll done by Novel Novice Twilight and appearing on NNT News in 2008, Team Jacob got 2,641 votes and Team Edward got 5,130 votes. A poll done by Top7 with over 43,000 votes had Jacob trailing Edward by around 3,000 votes.[10]
Lautner portrayed a diehard Edward supporter in a December 12, 2009 sketch lampooning Twilight fans on Saturday Night Live.[11]
References[edit source]
1.^ Jump up to: a b StephenieMeyer.com "New Moon Story". Stepheniemeyer.com. Retrieved 2008-09-14.
2.Jump up ^ Meyer, Stephenie (2005). Twilight. Twilight series. Park Avenue, New York: Little, Brown. p. 498. ISBN 978-0-316-01584-4.
3.Jump up ^ Meyer, Stephenie (2006). New Moon. Twilight series. Park Avenue, New York: Little, Brown. p. 563. ISBN 978-0-316-16019-3.
4.Jump up ^ Meyer, Stephenie (2007). Eclipse. Twilight series. Park Avenue, New York: Little, Brown. p. 629. ISBN 978-0-316-16020-9.
5.Jump up ^ Meyer, Stephenie (2008). Breaking Dawn. Twilight series. Park Avenue, New York: Little, Brown. p. 756. ISBN 978-0-316-06792-8.
6.Jump up ^ "'Twilight' to film one or two days in LaPush". Peninsula Daily News. 2008-03-09. Retrieved 2008-03-10.
7.Jump up ^ Larry Carroll (2008-12-15). "'New Moon' Casting News: Michael Copon, Ben Barnes Push For Roles In 'Twilight' Sequel". MTV. Retrieved 2008-12-15.
8.Jump up ^ Larry Carroll (2008-12-18). "'Twilight' Exclusive: Taylor Lautner Talks About His Campaign To Stay On 'New Moon'". MTV. Retrieved 2008-12-26.
9.Jump up ^ "Taylor Lautner to Reprise His Role as Jacob in New Moon" (Press release). Summit Entertainment. 2009-01-07. Retrieved 2009-01-08.
10.Jump up ^ "Top Twilight Characters". Top7. Retrieved February 6, 2013.
11.Jump up ^ Wilkinson, Amy (December 14, 2009). "Taylor Lautner On 'SNL' Recap: Defending Taylor Swift, Joining Team Edward And More". Hollywood Crush, MTV.
External links[edit source]

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Twilight (series)

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This article is about the Stephenie Meyer novels. For the film series, see The Twilight Saga (film series). For other uses, see Twilight (disambiguation).
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Twilight
The twilight saga hardback.jpg
Complete set of the Twilight series with the spin-off novella, The Short Second Life of Bree Tanner.

Twilight
New Moon
Eclipse
Breaking Dawn

Author
Stephenie Meyer
Country
United States
Language
English
Genre
Romance, fantasy, young-adult fiction
Publisher
Little, Brown and Company
Published
2005–08
Media type
Print
Twilight is a series of four vampire-themed fantasy romance novels by American author Stephenie Meyer. It charts a period in the life of Isabella "Bella" Swan, a teenage girl who moves to Forks, Washington, and falls in love with a 104-year-old vampire named Edward Cullen. The series is told primarily from Bella's point of view, with the epilogue of Eclipse and Part II of Breaking Dawn being told from the viewpoint of character Jacob Black, a werewolf. The unpublished Midnight Sun is a retelling of the first book, Twilight, from Edward Cullen's point of view. The novella The Short Second Life of Bree Tanner, which tells the story of a newborn vampire who appeared in Eclipse, was published on June 5, 2010 as a hardcover book and on June 7 as a free online ebook.[1] The Twilight Saga: The Official Illustrated Guide, a definitive encyclopedic reference with nearly 100 full colour illustrations, was released in bookstores on April 12, 2011.[2]
Since the release of the first novel, Twilight, in 2005, the books have gained immense popularity and commercial success around the world. The series is most popular among young adults; the four books have won multiple awards, most notably the 2008 British Book Award for "Children's Book of the Year" for Breaking Dawn,[3] while the series as a whole won the 2009 Kids' Choice Award for Favorite Book.[4]
As of October 2010, the series has sold over 116 million copies worldwide[5] with translations into at least 38 different languages around the globe.[6][7] The four Twilight books have consecutively set records as the biggest selling novels of 2008 on the USA Today Best-Selling Books list[8] and have spent over 235 weeks on the New York Times Best Seller list for Children's Series Books.[9]
The books have been made into The Twilight Saga series of motion pictures by Summit Entertainment. The film adaptations of the first three books were released in 2008, 2009, and 2010 respectively. The fourth book is adapted into two full-length films — the first film being released in November 2011, and the second film in November 2012.[10]

Contents
  [hide] 1 Plot overview 1.1 Twilight
1.2 New Moon
1.3 Eclipse
1.4 Breaking Dawn
1.5 Main characters
2 Setting
3 Structure and genre
4 Inspiration and themes
5 Origins and publishing history
6 Other books
7 Reception 7.1 Positive reception
7.2 Criticism
7.3 Legal controversy
7.4 Book challenges
8 Film adaptations
9 Conventions
10 See also
11 References
12 External links
Plot overview
Twilight
Main article: Twilight (novel)
Bella Swan moves from Phoenix, Arizona to live with her father in Forks, Washington to allow her mother to travel with her new husband, a minor league baseball player. After moving to Forks, Bella finds herself involuntarily drawn to a mysterious, handsome boy, Edward Cullen. She eventually learns that he is a member of a vampire family who drinks animal blood rather than human blood. Edward and Bella fall in love, while James, a sadistic vampire from another coven, is drawn to hunt down Bella. Edward and the other Cullens defend Bella. She escapes to Phoenix, Arizona, where she is tricked into confronting James, who tries to kill her. She is seriously wounded, but Edward rescues her and they return to Forks, having killed James. Ayelet Gross, Noa Grunhaus, and Michal Amar are featured as Bella's old friends from Phoenix.

Photo of a three-lane main street in a small town. Visible is a traffic light, sparse traffic, and businesses such as a car lot and gas station.

 Forks, Washington
New Moon
Main article: New Moon (novel)
Edward and his family leave Forks because he believes he is endangering Bella's life. Bella goes into a depression until she develops a strong friendship with Jacob Black, whom she discovers can shape-shift into a wolf. Jacob and the other wolves in his tribe must protect her from Victoria, a vampire seeking to avenge the death of her mate James. Due to a misunderstanding, Edward believes Bella is dead. Edward decides to commit suicide in Volterra, Italy, but is stopped by Bella, who is accompanied by Edward's sister, Alice. They meet with the Volturi, a powerful vampire coven, and are released only on the condition that Bella be turned into a vampire in the near future. Bella and Edward are reunited, and she and the Cullens return to Forks.
Eclipse
Main article: Eclipse (Meyer novel)
Victoria has created an army of "newborn" vampires to battle the Cullen family and murder Bella for revenge. Meanwhile, Bella is compelled to choose between her relationship with Edward and her friendship with Jacob. Edward's vampire family and Jacob's werewolf pack join forces to successfully destroy Victoria and her vampire army. In the end, Bella chooses Edward's love over Jacob's friendship and agrees to marry him.
Breaking Dawn
Main article: Breaking Dawn
Bella and Edward are married, but their honeymoon is cut short when Bella discovers that she is pregnant. Her pregnancy progresses rapidly, severely weakening her. She nearly dies giving birth to her and Edward's half-vampire-half-human daughter, Renesmee. Edward injects Bella with his venom to save her life and turns her into a vampire. A vampire from another coven sees Renesmee and mistakes her for an "immortal child". She informs the Volturi, as the existence of such beings violates vampire law. The Cullens gather vampire witnesses who can verify that Renesmee is not an immortal child. After an intense confrontation, the Cullens and their witnesses convince the Volturi that the child poses no danger to vampires or their secret, and they are left in peace by the Volturi.
Main characters
See also: List of Twilight characters
Bella Swan– The protagonist of the series, teenager Bella is a perpetually clumsy "danger magnet" with dark brown hair and brown eyes. She is often portrayed as having low self-esteem and unable to comprehend Edward's love for her. She has an immunity to supernatural abilities involving the mind, such as Edward's mind-reading ability. After her transformation into a vampire in the saga's fourth installment, Bella acquires the ability to shield both herself and others from "mental harm" from other vampires.
Edward Cullen– Edward is a vampire who lives with a coven of like-minded vampires known as the Cullen family, who feed on animals rather than humans. Over the course of the Twilight series, Edward falls in love with, marries, and then has a child with Bella. At first, Edward feels a mutual hatred toward Jacob Black because of his love for Bella, but in Breaking Dawn, he comes to see Jacob as a brother and friend. Like some vampires, Edward has a supernatural ability: mind reading. It allows him to read anyone's thoughts within a few miles' radius. Bella is immune to his power as a human, but learns how to lower this "shield" after her transformation to a vampire.
Jacob Black– A minor character in the first novel, Jacob is introduced as a member of the Quileute tribe. He resurfaces in New Moon with a larger role as Bella's best friend as she struggles through her depression over losing Edward. Although he is in love with Bella, she initially sees him as just her best friend. He and other tribe members can shape-shift into wolves. In Eclipse Bella realizes that she loves Jacob, though her feelings for him are overpowered by her love for Edward Cullen. In Breaking Dawn, Jacob finds a soul mate in Bella and Edward's baby daughter, Renesmee, ridding him of his heartache for Bella.
Setting

Photo of an Italian town on a hillside, with a six-sided tower and tiled roof tops.

 Volterra
The story is set primarily in the town of Forks, Washington, where Bella and her father, Charlie Swan, live. Other cities in Washington briefly appear in the series or are mentioned, such as Port Angeles, Olympia, Seattle and La Push. Some events in Twilight take place in Phoenix, Arizona, where Bella was raised. Volterra, Italy, is featured in New Moon, when Edward travels there to commit suicide and Bella rushes to save him. Jacksonville, Florida, is mentioned first in Twilight and second in Eclipse, when Edward and Bella visit Bella's mother, who has moved there with her new husband. Seattle, Washington, is featured in Breaking Dawn when Jacob tries to escape his love for Bella, and when Bella tries to locate a man named J. Jenks. It is also the location of a series of murders committed by newborn vampires in Eclipse. In Breaking Dawn, Bella and Edward spend their honeymoon on a fictional "Isle Esme", purportedly off the coast of Brazil.
Structure and genre
The Twilight series falls under the genre of young adult, fantasy, and romance, though Meyer categorized her first book, Twilight, as "suspense romance horror comedy".[11] However, she states that she considers her books as "romance more than anything else".[11] The series explores the unorthodox romance between human Bella and vampire Edward, as well as the love triangle between Bella, Edward, and Jacob, a werewolf.[12] The books avoid delving into provocative sex, drugs, and harsh swearing because, according to Meyer, "I don't think teens need to read about gratuitous sex."[13]
The books are written in first-person narrative, primarily through Bella's eyes with the epilogue of the third book and a part of the fourth book being from Jacob's point of view. When asked about the structure of the novel, Meyer described her difficulty to pinpoint the premise of the novels to any specific category:

I have a hard time with that. Because if I say to someone, 'You know, it's about vampires,' then immediately they have this mental image of what the book is like. And it's so not like the other vampire books out there–Anne Rice's and the few that I've read. It isn't that kind of dark and dreary and blood-thirsty world. Then when you say, 'It's set in high school,' a lot of people immediately put it in another pool. It's easy to pigeonhole with different descriptions.[14]
The books are based on the vampire myth, but Twilight vampires differ in a number of particulars from the general vampire lore. For instance, Twilight vampires have strong piercing teeth rather than fangs; they glitter in sunlight rather than burn; and they can drink animal as well as human blood. Meyer comments that her vampire mythology differs from that of other authors because she wasn't informed about the canon vampires, saying,

It wasn't until I knew that Twilight would be published that I began to think about whether my vampires were too much the same or too much different from the others. Of course, I was far too invested in my characters at that point to be making changes... so I didn't cut out fangs and coffins and so forth as a way to distinguish my vampires; that's just how they came to me.[15]
Inspiration and themes
According to the author, her books are "about life, not death" and "love, not lust".[16] Each book in the series was inspired by and loosely based on a different literary classic: Twilight on Jane Austen's Pride and Prejudice, New Moon on Shakespeare's Romeo and Juliet, Eclipse on Emily Brontë's Wuthering Heights, and Breaking Dawn on a second Shakespeare play, A Midsummer Night's Dream.[17] Meyer also states that Orson Scott Card and L. M. Montgomery's Anne of Green Gables series are a big influence on her writing.[14]
Other major themes of the series include choice and free will.[14][18] Meyer says that the books are centered around Bella's choice to choose her life on her own, and the Cullens' choices to abstain from killing rather than follow their temptations: "I really think that's the underlying metaphor of my vampires. It doesn't matter where you're stuck in life or what you think you have to do; you can always choose something else. There's always a different path."[18]
Meyer, a Mormon, acknowledges that her faith has influenced her work. In particular, she says that her characters "tend to think more about where they came from, and where they are going, than might be typical."[13] Meyer also steers her work from subjects such as sex, despite the romantic nature of the novels. Meyer says that she does not consciously intend her novels to be Mormon-influenced, or to promote the virtues of sexual abstinence and spiritual purity, but admits that her writing is shaped by her values, saying, "I don't think my books are going to be really graphic or dark, because of who I am. There's always going to be a lot of light in my stories."[19]
Origins and publishing history
Stephenie Meyer says that the idea for Twilight came to her in a dream on June 2, 2003. The dream was about a human girl, and a vampire who was in love with her but thirsted for her blood. Based on this dream, Meyer wrote the transcript of what is now chapter 13 of the book.[20] Despite having very little writing experience, in a matter of three months she had transformed that dream into a completed novel.[18] After writing and editing the novel, she signed a three-book deal with Little, Brown and Company for $750,000, an unusually high amount for a first time author.[21] Megan Tingley, the editor who signed Meyer, says that halfway through the reading manuscript she realized that she had a future bestseller in her hands.[22] The book was released in 2005.
Following the success of Twilight, Meyer expanded the story into a series with three more books: New Moon (2006), Eclipse (2007), and Breaking Dawn (2008). In its first week after publication, the first sequel, New Moon, debuted at #5 on the New York Times Best Seller List for Children's Chapter Books, and in its second week rose to the #1 position, where it remained for the next eleven weeks. In total, it spent over 50 weeks on the list.[23] After the release of Eclipse, the first three "Twilight" books spent a combined 143 weeks on the New York Times Best Seller List.[18] The fourth installment of the Twilight series, Breaking Dawn, was released with an initial print run of 3.7 million copies.[24] Over 1.3 million copies were sold on the first day alone, setting a record in first-day sales performance for the Hachette Book Group USA.[25] Upon the completion of the fourth entry in the series, Meyer indicated that Breaking Dawn would be the final novel to be told from Bella Swan's perspective.[26] In 2008 and 2009, the four books of the series claimed the top four spots on USA Today's year-end bestseller list, making Meyer the first author to ever achieve this feat.[27][28] The series then won the 2009 Kids' Choice Award for Favorite Book, where it competed against the Harry Potter series.[4]
Other books
Meyer originally planned to write a companion book to Twilight called Midnight Sun, which would be the story of Twilight told from Edward Cullen's point-of-view. She stated that Twilight was the only book that she planned to rewrite from Edward's perspective.[29] However, a rough draft of Midnight Sun's first twelve chapters was leaked on the internet. Meyer has since put these twelve chapters on her website so that her fans could read them for free,[30] but has put the project on hold indefinitely due to her feelings about the situation. She stated,

If I tried to write Midnight Sun now, in my current frame of mind, James would probably win and all the Cullens would die, which wouldn't dovetail too well with the original story. In any case, I feel too sad about what has happened to continue working on Midnight Sun, and so it is on hold indefinitely.[31]
Though she has no current plans to do so, Meyer has also stated that if she were to continue writing in the same universe she would write from the perspective of either Leah Clearwater or Bella and Edward's daughter, Renesmee Cullen.[32]
On March 16, 2010 Yen Press released Twilight: The Graphic Novel, Vol. 1, by artist Young Kim based on the first book in the series.[33] In February 2011, the graphic novel won the 2010 Gem Awards Best Manga of the Year.[34] The sequel, Twilight: The Graphic Novel, Vol. 2 was released on October 11, 2011[35] and followed Volume 1 in topping The New York Times Best Seller list for Hardcover Graphic Books in its first week.[36] On March 30, 2010, Meyer revealed on her official website that she will be releasing a new novella in the series, The Short Second Life of Bree Tanner, which tells the story of a newborn vampire who appeared in Eclipse, on June 5, 2010.[1] An electronic version of the book was made available free from her web site, as well as in bookstores.[37]
On October 5, 2010, Little, Brown and Company announced that The Twilight Saga: The Official Illustrated Guide, a definitive encyclopedic reference for the saga including character profiles, outtakes, a conversation with Meyer, genealogical charts, maps and extensive cross-references with nearly 100 full color illustrations, was to be released on April 12, 2011, after many publication delays since 2008.[38] It debuted at #1 on The New York Times Best Seller list, where it stayed for three consecutive weeks,[39][40][41] and at #4 on the USA Today Best Seller list.[42]
Reception
The response to Twilight has been mixed. While the books have become immensely popular, they have also generated much controversy.
Positive reception
Twilight has gathered much acclaim, especially for its popularity. The Times lauded it for capturing "perfectly the teenage feeling of sexual tension and alienation."[43] Other reviews described Twilight as an "exquisite fantasy",[44] and a "gripping blend of romance and horror".[45] Lev Grossman of Time wrote that the books have a "pillowy quality distinctly reminiscent of Internet fan fiction", but still praised the series, comparing it to The Lord of the Rings and Harry Potter:

People do not want to just read Meyer's books; they want to climb inside them and live there... There's no literary term for the quality Twilight and Harry Potter (and The Lord of the Rings) share, but you know it when you see it: their worlds have a freestanding internal integrity that makes you feel as if you should be able to buy real estate there.[18]
Most of the reviews, however, have focused on Twilight's popularity, rather than actually praising it for literary standards. The Seattle Post-Intelligencer called the book a "hot new teen novel",[46] Entertainment Weekly called Meyer "the world's most popular vampire novelist since Anne Rice",[47] The New York Times described Twilight as a "literary phenomenon",[48] and Matt Arado of Daily Herald noted that the Twilight books have become the "hottest publishing phenomenon since a certain bespectacled wizard cast his spell on the world."[49] The large and diverse online fan community of the series are often noted, sometimes even being called "cult-like".[50][51] Despite this, the series is often considered to have a wider appeal; Crystal Mack of Daily Herald said, "While teenage girls are the main audience, young boys and adults of both genders have also been swept up in the phenomenon."[52]



 An Arabic Twilight promotional poster in a bookshop in Dubai. By late 2009, the books had reportedly sold 100,000 copies in English across the UAE.[53]
The author and the series' popularity are often compared with J. K. Rowling and Harry Potter.[18][54] Describing the fan following of the books, the Phoenix New Times wrote, "Meyer's fandom is reminiscent of Harry Potter mania."[22] The Daily Telegraph described Twilight as the "spiritual successor to Harry Potter".[55] Rebekah Bradford of The Post and Courier stated that the series has a "huge crossover appeal much like the Harry Potter books before them."[56] According to the Daily Telegraph, "Stephenie Meyer, in particular, has achieved incredible success across all the English-speaking nations and Europe and many will say that her Twilight series has filled the hole left by Harry Potter."[57] Meyer has responded to such comparisons, saying, "It's terribly flattering to be compared to her, but there's never going to be another J. K. Rowling; that's a phenomenon that's not gonna happen again", however noting that "you can compare my fans to her fans more easily [than me to her]. I do think that we both have people who are just really really enthusiastic, and will come miles to see you and be involved, and everybody really cares about our characters."[58]



 A store catering to tourists interested in the Twilight series in Forks, Washington.
Economically, the town of Forks, Washington, the setting for the Twilight series, has improved due to tourism from fans of the books.[59] Forks is visited by an average of 8,000 tourists per month,[60] and has been described as a "mecca for Twilighters".[61] In response to plans for the aging Forks High School to be renovated, Twilight fans have teamed up with Infinite Jewelry Co. and the West Olympic Peninsula Betterment Association to collect donations in an attempt to save the brick appearance or the building altogether.[62]
Criticism
The series has garnered much controversy, both over its literary substance and over the type of relationship portrayed in the books.
Many have derided the series as poor writing. While comparing Stephenie Meyer to JK Rowling, Stephen King said, "the real difference [between J. K. Rowling and Meyer] is that Jo Rowling is a terrific writer, and Stephenie Meyer can't write worth a darn. She's not very good."[63][64] However, King understood the appeal of the series, adding, "People are attracted by the stories, by the pace and in the case of Stephenie Meyer, it's very clear that she's writing to a whole generation of girls and opening up kind of a safe joining of love and sex in those books. It's exciting and it's thrilling and it's not particularly threatening because it's not overtly sexual."[64]
Laura Miller of Salon.com wrote that "the characters, such as they are, are stripped down to a minimum, lacking the texture and idiosyncrasies of actual people", and said that "Twilight would be a lot more persuasive as an argument that an 'amazing heart' counts for more than appearances if it didn't harp so incessantly on Edward's superficial splendors."[65]
Elizabeth Hand of The Washington Post wrote, "Meyer's prose seldom rises above the serviceable, and the plotting is leaden."[66] The article, featured on the Yahoo! website Shine, also criticized the books and the author's final word on the series was, "Good books deal with themes of longing and loneliness, sexual passion and human frailty, alienation and fear just as the Twilight books do. But they do so by engaging us with complexities of feeling and subtleties of character, expressed in language that rises above banal mediocrity. Their reward is something more than just an escape into banal mediocrity. We deserve something better to get hooked on."[67][68]
The books have also been widely critiqued as promoting, normalizing, and idealizing an emotionally and physically abusive relationship. Sci-fi website i09 noted that Bella and Edward's relationship meets all fifteen criteria set by the National Domestic Violence Hotline for being in an abusive relationship.[69] L. Lee Butler of Young Adult Library Services Association commented how he was unusually hesitant to stock the Twilight books in his library because he felt the books were "robbing [teen girls] of agency and normalizing stalking and abusive behavior."[70] Many female-oriented and feminist media outlets, like Jezebel,[71] The Frisky,[72] and Salon.com have decried Twilight as promoting an anti-woman message.[73] Bitch magazine stated the novels "had created a new, popular genre of "abstinence porn", concluding that, "In reality, the abstinence message—wrapped in the genre of abstinence porn—objectifies Bella in the same ways that 'real' porn might. The Twilight books conflate Bella losing her virginity with the loss of other things, including her sense of self and her very life. Such a high-stakes treatment of abstinence reinforces the idea that Bella is powerless, an object, a fact that is highlighted when we get to the sex scenes in Breaking Dawn."[74] Ms. declared that Twilight promotes a physically abusive relationship and an anti-abortion message.[75] However, writer Angela Aleiss of Religion News Service said that contrary to popular opinion, Mormons do permit abortion when the mother's life is in danger. Bella's refusal to abort her fetus, along with her quick marriage and pregnancy, instead underscore the Mormon emphasis on family.[76]
Various psychology experts have come out in agreement with the assessment of the relationship as abusive.[77] Melissa Henson, Director of communication and public education for the Parents Television Council, stated:

To impressionable teens, domestic violence is almost romanticized. We’ve made great strides in recent years in clearly communicating the message that is never okay to hit a woman...Today, the hidden message in the entertainment consumed by many impressionable teens is that if he hits you, it is out of love – which is absolutely wrong.[78]
Many entertainment and media outlets have made similar comments on the abusive nature of Bella and Edward's relationship, including Entertainment Weekly,[79] Movieline,[80] and Mediabistro.com.[81]
Meyer has dismissed such criticisms, arguing both that the books center around Bella's choice, which she perceives as the foundation of modern feminism, and that Bella's damsel in distress persona is due only to her humanity.[82] Meyer also added, "Just because [Bella] doesn't do kung fu and she cooks for her father doesn't make her worthy of that criticism".[83] Shannon Simcox of The Daily Collegian has similarly dismissed the criticism surrounding Bella, commenting, "While Bella plays the perfect damsel in distress that gets herself into sticky situations, she is also very in control of herself. She chose to move to Forks and be in a new place; she constantly faces a bunch of people who want to suck the life right out of her, and she is constantly pleading to become a vampire, too, so she can take care of herself and Edward."[84]
Legal controversy
In December 2010, professional singer Matthew Smith, known as Matt Heart, sued Summit Entertainment in the case Smith v. Summit Entertainment LLC. Smith's song "Eternal Knight" was posted on several websites accompanied by cover art which Summit claimed used its "Twilight" typeface mark. Smith won four of the seven causes of action, including his right to continue distribution of his copyrighted song, under the terms that he remove any reference to "Twilight" or the "Twilight Saga".[85]
Book challenges
The Twilight series made the number five spot on the American Library Association's (ALA) Top Ten List of the Most Frequently Challenged Books of 2009, for being "Sexually Explicit", "Unsuited to Age Group", and having a "Religious Viewpoint".[86]
Film adaptations
Main article: The Twilight Saga (film series)
A screenplay for Twilight was written by Melissa Rosenberg and has been adapted into a film by Summit Entertainment. The film was directed by Catherine Hardwicke, with Kristen Stewart and Robert Pattinson in the leading roles of Isabella Swan and Edward Cullen, respectively. The movie was released in the United States on November 21, 2008.[87] Twilight: The Complete Illustrated Movie Companion, written by Mark Cotta Vaz, was released October 28.[88]
On November 22, 2008, following the box office success of Twilight, Summit Entertainment confirmed a sequel, called The Twilight Saga: New Moon, based on the second book in the series, New Moon.[89] The film was released on November 20, 2009. The Twilight Saga: New Moon was released on DVD and Blu-ray on March 20, 2010 through midnight release parties.[90] That same day, Summit Entertainment released Twilight in Forks, a documentary about the primary setting of the Twilight series, Forks, Washington.[91] Topics Entertainment released its own documentary about Forks and the Twilight series on March 16, called Forks: Bitten by Twilight.[92]
The third installment in the series, The Twilight Saga: Eclipse, was released on June 30, 2010.[93][94] The fourth installment, The Twilight Saga: Breaking Dawn – Part 1 was released November 18, 2011, And the fifth and last installment, The Twilight Saga: Breaking Dawn – Part 2 was released November 16, 2012.[95]
Conventions
While the Twilight series has been a visible presence in many conventions such as ComicCon, there have also been many conventions whose main focus has been on the Twilight series (books and films). Some notable conventions have been Twicon and a series of "Official Twilight Conventions" that are being held by Creation Entertainment.[96]
See also
The Host (2013 film)
The Host (novel)
References
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External links
 Wikimedia Commons has media related to Twilight series.
Stephenie Meyer's website
The Twilight Series's official website
Twilight Saga Wiki

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