American LGBT serial killers

 

Jeffrey Dahmer

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Jeffrey Dahmer
Jeffrey-dahmer.jpg
Dahmer's mug shot, taken in 1982 by the Milwaukee County Sheriff's Department
 
Background information

Birth name
Jeffrey Lionel Dahmer
Also known as
The Milwaukee Cannibal,
 The Milwaukee Monster
Born
May 21, 1960
West Allis, Wisconsin, U.S.
Died
November 28, 1994 (aged 34)
Portage, Wisconsin, U.S.
Cause of death
Severe head trauma
Conviction
Child molestation
Disorderly conduct
Indecent exposure
Murder
Public intoxication
 
Sentence
Life imprisonment (15 life terms)
Killings

Number of victims
17
Country
United States
State(s)
Ohio, Wisconsin
Date apprehended
July 22, 1991
Jeffrey Lionel Dahmer (May 21, 1960 – November 28, 1994), also known as the Milwaukee Cannibal, was an American serial killer and sex offender, who committed the rape, murder and dismemberment of 17 men and boys between 1978 and 1991, with many of his later murders also involving necrophilia, cannibalism and the permanent preservation of body parts—typically all or part of the skeletal structure.[1]
Although diagnosed by psychologists and prison psychiatrists as suffering from a borderline personality disorder,[1][2][3][4] Dahmer was found to be sane at his trial. Convicted of 15 of the 16 murders he had committed in Wisconsin, Dahmer was sentenced to 15 terms of life imprisonment on February 15, 1992.[5] He was later sentenced to a 16th term of life imprisonment in relation to an additional homicide committed in the state of Ohio in 1978.
On November 28, 1994, Dahmer was beaten to death by a fellow inmate at the Columbia Correctional Institution, where he had been incarcerated.

Contents
  [hide] 1 Early life 1.1 Adolescence and high school
2 First murder and army service
3 Return to Ohio and relocation to West Allis
4 Subsequent murders 4.1 Ambassador Hotel
4.2 Intermediate incidents
4.3 924 North 25th Street
5 Arrest 5.1 Confession
6 Indictment
7 Trial
8 Imprisonment and death
9 Pathology 9.1 Borderline personality disorder
9.2 Substance use disorder and paraphilias 9.2.1 Substance use disorder
9.2.2 Paraphilias

10 Aftermath
11 Known murder victims 11.1 1978
11.2 1987
11.3 1988
11.4 1989
11.5 1990
11.6 1991
12 Media 12.1 Film
12.2 Books
12.3 Television
13 See also
14 References
15 Cited works and further reading
16 External links
Early life
Jeffrey Dahmer was born on May 21, 1960 in West Allis, Wisconsin, the first son of Joyce Annette (née Flint) and Lionel Herbert Dahmer. Dahmer's mother worked as a teletype machine instructor,[5] whereas his father was a student at Marquette University, working towards a degree in chemistry.
Although Dahmer was doted upon as an infant and toddler by both parents, his mother was known to be tense, greedy for attention and argumentative with both her husband and her neighbors.[5] As her son entered first grade, Joyce Dahmer began to spend an increasing amount of her time in bed recovering from weakness. Lionel's university studies kept him away from home much of the time; when he was home, Joyce demanded constant attention. She reportedly would work herself into a state of anxiety over trivial matters simply to achieve appeasement from her husband. On one occasion, Joyce Dahmer attempted suicide from an overdose of the Equanil pills to which she had become addicted.[6] As a result, neither parent had much time to care for Jeffrey.[5]
Dahmer himself recalled his early years of family life as being of "extreme tension" which he noted between his parents, whom he observed to be consistently arguing with each other. At school, he was observed to be both quiet and timid; one first grade teacher noted upon Dahmer's first grade report card that she observed him to be a reserved child whom she sensed to feel neglected.[7] Nonetheless, he was regarded as a "quiet kid" by many of his peers. Although largely reserved and uncommunicative in grade school, Dahmer did have a small number of friends.[8]
From an early age, Dahmer manifested an interest in animals. Friends later recalled Dahmer initially collected large insects, dragonflies and butterflies which he placed inside jars. Later, Dahmer—occasionally accompanied by one or more of his few friends—would collect animal carcasses from the roadside; these animals Dahmer would dismember either at home or in an expanse of woodland behind the family home. According to one friend, Dahmer would dismember these animals and store the parts in jars in the family's wooden toolshed, always explaining that he was curious as to how each animal "fitted together."[9] In one instance, he is known to have impaled a dog's head upon a stake behind his house.[10]
Dahmer's fascination with dead animals might have begun when, at the age of four, he noted his father removing animal bones from beneath the family home. According to Lionel Dahmer, his son was "oddly thrilled" by the sound the bones made.[11]
The Dahmer family relocated to Doylestown, Ohio, in October 1966.[12] At the time, Joyce Dahmer was pregnant with her second child. When she gave birth to a baby boy on December 18, 1966, Jeffrey was allowed to choose the name of the baby. He chose the name David for his younger brother.[13] The same year, Lionel Dahmer achieved his degree and subsequently obtained employment as an analytical chemist in the city of Akron.[14]
In 1968, the family relocated to Bath, Ohio. Two years later, over a family meal of chicken, Dahmer asked his father what would happen if the bones of the chicken were to be placed in bleach.[15] Lionel Dahmer was by this stage concerned as to his elder son's placid and lethargic attitude and his solitary existence; he was delighted at the initiative displayed by his son towards what he believed to be scientific curiosity;[15] therefore he willingly demonstrated how to bleach and, later, preserve animal bones. The knowledge regarding cleansing and preserving of these bones Dahmer would later utilize upon many of the animal remains which he continued to avidly collect and of which his father, being a chemist, taught his son safe usage.[15]
Adolescence and high school
From his freshman year at Revere High School, Dahmer was seen by his peers as an outcast with few friends. Many of Dahmer's classmates later recollected being disturbed by the fact that he was known to drink both beer and spirits, which he smuggled into school inside the lining of his army fatigue jacket[16] and which he is also known to have surreptitiously concealed inside his locker. This alcohol abuse was known to occur both before, during and after school and was first noted when Dahmer was 14. On one occasion, a classmate observed Dahmer consuming a cup of gin and asked him why he was drinking liquor in class, to which Dahmer casually replied, "It's my medicine."[17]
Nonetheless, in his freshman year at Revere High School, Dahmer, although largely uncommunicative, was observed by staff to be a polite student who was known to be highly intelligent. He initially achieved only average grades, which staff attributed to his apathy.[18] He was also known to have been a keen tennis player and to have briefly played in the high school band.[19]

 

 Dahmer at age 17, photographed for the 1977 Revere High School yearbook.
When he reached puberty, Dahmer discovered he was a homosexual. He did not divulge his sexuality to his parents, although in his early teens, he did engage in a brief relationship with another youth although the pair never had intercourse.[20] By his own later admission, as he began to fantasize sexually, issues of dominance and control over a completely subservient partner were prevalent in his thoughts. These thoughts gradually became intertwined with dissection. On one occasion when he was approximately 16 years old, Dahmer conceived a fantasy of rendering a particular male jogger he found attractive unconscious and then making sexual use of his unconscious body. To render the man unconscious, Dahmer concealed himself in bushes on the route he had noted the jogger took, baseball bat in hand, and lay in wait for the jogger. On this particular day, the jogger did not pass him and although Dahmer never attempted to implement this plan again,[21] he later stated this was his first attempt to attack another individual.
Despite being regarded as a loner and an oddball amongst his peers at Revere High School, Dahmer nonetheless became something of a cult figure among some students due to the pranks he was known to regularly stage—some of which were done to amuse his classmates, others apparently to simply attract attention.[22] These pranks became known as "Doing a Dahmer" and included bleating, faking epileptic seizures, mocking invalids,[23] and knocking over items both at school and at local stores.[24]
By 1977, Dahmer's academic performance had decreased, due to his alcohol abuse and his general apathy toward academic and social interactions.[25] His grades plummeted. His parents hired a private tutor for their son, but the tutor only had limited success. The same year, Dahmer's parents attended counselling sessions to try and resolve personal differences and thus save their marriage. The counselling was ultimately unsuccessful, and Dahmer's parents decided to divorce. Although initially on amicable grounds, both of Dahmer's parents began to frequently quarrel in the presence of their sons and, in early 1978, Lionel Dahmer moved out of the house.[26]
In May 1978, Dahmer graduated from high school. A few weeks before his graduation, one of his teachers observed Dahmer sitting close to the school parking lot, drinking several cans of beer.[27] When the teacher threatened to report the matter, Dahmer informed him he was experiencing "a lot of problems" at home and that the school's guidance counselor was aware of them. Shortly after this incident, Joyce was awarded custody of her younger son and vacated the family residence, moving in with family members of hers; Dahmer, having just turned 18, was legally an adult and therefore not subject to court custodial considerations.[28]
First murder and army service
Dahmer committed his first murder in the summer of 1978, at the age of 18, just three weeks after his graduation. At the time, he was living alone in the family home: due to his parents' recent divorce, Dahmer's father temporarily lived in a nearby motel and his mother had relocated to Chippewa Falls, Wisconsin[29] with his younger brother. On June 18,[30] Dahmer picked up an 18-year-old hitchhiker named Steven Mark Hicks.[31][32] Dahmer lured the youth to his house on the pretext of the pair drinking alcohol together. Hicks, who had been hitchhiking to a rock concert in Lockwood Corners, agreed to accompany Dahmer to his house. According to Dahmer, after several hours' drinking and listening to music, Hicks informed Dahmer he "wanted to leave and [I] didn't want him to."[33] In response, Dahmer bludgeoned the youth with a 10 lb. dumbbell. Dahmer later stated he struck the youth twice from behind[34] with the dumbbell as he (Hicks) sat upon a chair. When Hicks fell unconscious, Dahmer strangled the youth to death with the bar of the dumbbell, then stripped the clothes from Hicks's body before masturbating as he stood above the corpse.[34]
The following day,[35] Dahmer dissected Hicks's body in his crawl space; he later buried the remains in a shallow grave in his backyard[36] before, several weeks later, unearthing the remains and paring the flesh from the bones.[37] The flesh he dissolved in acid before flushing the solution down the toilet; the bones he crushed with a sledgehammer.
Six weeks after the murder of Hicks, Dahmer's father and his fiancée returned to his home where they discovered Jeffrey living alone at the house. That August, Dahmer enrolled at Ohio State University, hoping to major in business.[38] Dahmer's sole term at Ohio State University was completely unproductive, largely because of his persistent alcohol abuse throughout the majority of the term.[39][40] On one occasion, Lionel Dahmer paid a surprise visit to his son, only to find his room strewn with empty liquor bottles. Despite his father having paid in advance for the second term, Dahmer dropped out of university after just three months.[41]
In January 1979,[42] upon his father's urging, Dahmer enlisted in the U.S. Army,[43] where he trained as a medical specialist at Fort Sam Houston before, on July 13, 1979, being deployed to Baumholder in West Germany where he served as a combat medic. According to published reports, in Dahmer's first year of service, he was an "average or slightly above average" soldier.[44][45] However, due to his alcohol abuse, his performance deteriorated and in March 1981 he was deemed unsuitable for military service and later formally discharged from the army,[46] albeit honorably.[47]
On March 24, 1981, Dahmer was sent to Fort Jackson for debriefing and provided with a plane ticket to travel anywhere in the country. Dahmer later told police he felt he could not return home to face his father, so he opted to travel to Miami Beach, Florida, both because he was "tired of the cold"[48] and in an attempt to live by his own means. In Florida, Dahmer found employment at a sandwich shop and rented a room in a nearby motel. Almost all of Dahmer's earnings were spent on alcohol and after several months, he was evicted from the motel and initially spent his evenings on the beach as he continued to work at the sandwich shop before, in September 1981, phoning his father and asking to return to Ohio.[49]
Return to Ohio and relocation to West Allis
Upon his return to Ohio, Dahmer initially resided with his father and stepmother and insisted on being delegated numerous chores to occupy his time as he looked for work. However, he continued to drink heavily and just two weeks after his return, Dahmer was arrested for drunk and disorderly conduct,[50] for which he was fined sixty dollars and given a suspended ten-day jail sentence.[51]
Dahmer's father tried unsuccessfully to wean his son off alcohol. In December 1981, Dahmer's father and stepmother sent Jeffrey to live with his grandmother in West Allis. Dahmer's grandmother was the only family member to whom he displayed any affection;[52] they hoped that her influence, plus the change of scenery, might inspire Dahmer to refrain from alcohol, find a job and live responsibly.[53][54]
Initially, Dahmer's living arrangements with his grandmother were harmonious: he accompanied her to church; willingly undertook chores; actively sought work; and abided by most of her house rules (although he did continue to drink). This new influence in his life initially brought results and in early 1982, Dahmer found employment as a phlebotomist at the Milwaukee Blood Plasma Center. He held this job for a total of ten months before being made redundant.[52] He was to remain unemployed for over two years, during which he lived upon whatever money his grandmother gave him.[55]
Shortly before being made redundant, Dahmer was arrested for indecent exposure. On August 7, 1982, at Wisconsin State Fair Park, Dahmer was observed to expose himself to a crowd of 25 women and children. For this incident, he was convicted and fined fifty dollars plus court costs.[56]
In January 1985, Dahmer was hired as a mixer at the Milwaukee Ambrosia Chocolate Factory, where he worked from 11 p.m.–7 a.m. six nights a week, with Saturday evenings off. Shortly after Dahmer found this employment, an incident occurred in which he was propositioned by another male while sitting reading in the West Allis Public Library. The stranger threw Dahmer a note offering to perform fellatio upon him. Although Dahmer did not respond to this proposition,[57] the incident stirred in his mind the fantasies of control and dominance he had developed as a teenager and he began to familiarize himself with Milwaukee's gay bars, bookstores and bathhouses. He is also known to have stolen a male mannequin from a store,[58] which he briefly used for sexual stimulation before his grandmother, having discovered the device stowed in a closet, demanded that he discard it.[59]
By late 1985, he had begun to regularly frequent the bathhouses, which he later described as being "relaxing places",[60] but during his sexual encounters, he became frustrated at his partners' moving during the sexual act. Following his arrest, he stated: "I trained myself to view people as objects of pleasure instead of people."[60] For this reason, from June 1986, he began to administer sleeping pills to his partners, to whom he would give liquor laced with the sedatives, then make sexual use of their unconscious bodies. Following approximately 12 such instances, Dahmer's membership of the bathhouses was revoked and he began to use hotel rooms to continue this practice.[61]
Shortly after his membership of the bathhouses was revoked,[62] Dahmer read a report in a newspaper regarding the upcoming funeral of an 18-year-old male; he conceived the idea of stealing the freshly-interred corpse and taking it home.[63] According to Dahmer, he attempted to dig the coffin from the ground, but found the soil too hard, before abandoning the plan.[64]
In August 1986,[65] Dahmer was again arrested for masturbating in front of two 12-year-old boys as he stood close to the Kinnickinnic River.[66][67] Dahmer initially admitted the offense and was again charged with indecent exposure, but quickly changed his story and claimed he had merely been urinating, unaware that there were witnesses. The charge was changed to disorderly conduct and on March 10, 1987, Dahmer was sentenced to one year's probation, with additional instructions he was to undergo counseling.[68]
Subsequent murders
Ambassador Hotel
Nine years passed before Dahmer killed again; in November 1987, Dahmer—at the time residing with his grandmother in West Allis—encountered a 25-year-old Ontonagon native named Steven Tuomi at a bar and persuaded him to return to the Ambassador Hotel room Dahmer had rented for the evening. According to Dahmer, he had no intention of murdering this particular victim, but simply intended to drug him and have intercourse with him as he lay unconscious. The following morning, however, he awoke to find Tuomi lying beneath him on the bed, his chest "crushed in" and blood seeping from his mouth, with bruises on Dahmer's own fists and one forearm. Dahmer stated he had absolutely no memory of having killed Tuomi[66][69] and later informed investigators that he simply "could not believe this had happened." To dispose of Tuomi's body, he purchased a large suitcase in which he transported the body to his grandmother's residence. There, the following morning, he severed the head, arms and legs from the torso,[70] then filleted the bones from the body before cutting the flesh into pieces small enough to handle. He then placed the flesh inside plastic garbage bags.[71] The bones he wrapped inside a sheet and pounded into splinters with a sledgehammer. The entire dismemberment process took Dahmer approximately two hours to complete and all of Tuomi's remains—excluding the severed head[72]—were disposed of in the trash.[73]
For a total of two weeks following Tuomi's murder, Dahmer retained the victim's head wrapped in a blanket. After two weeks, Dahmer boiled the head in a mixture of Soilex and bleach in an effort to retain the skull, which he then used as stimulus for masturbation. Eventually, the skull was rendered too brittle by this bleaching process and was also pulverized and disposed of.[74]
Intermediate incidents
Following the murder of Tuomi, Dahmer began to actively seek victims, most of whom he encountered in or close to gay bars and whom he would typically lure to his grandmother's home, where they would be drugged before or shortly after engaging in sexual activity with him. Once unconscious from the sleeping pills, the victim would be killed by strangulation.[75]
Two months after the murder of Steven Tuomi, Dahmer encountered a 14-year-old Native American male prostitute named James Doxtator; the youth was lured to Dahmer's home with an offer of $50 to pose for nude pictures. At Dahmer's West Allis residence, the pair engaged in sexual activity before Doxtator was drugged and strangled on the floor of the cellar.[76] Dahmer left the body in the cellar for one week before dismembering the body in much the same manner as he had with Tuomi. All of Doxtator's remains (excluding the skull) were placed in trash; the skull was boiled and initially retained before being pulverized. On March 24, 1988, Dahmer met a 22-year-old bisexual named Richard Guerrero outside a gay bar called The Phoenix.[77] Guerrero was also lured to Dahmer's grandmother's residence, although the incentive on this occasion was $50 to simply spend the night with him; he was drugged with sleeping pills and strangled with a leather strap, with Dahmer then performing oral sex upon the corpse.[78] Guerrero's body was dismembered within 24 hours of his murder, with the remains again disposed of in the trash and the skull again retained before being pulverized several months later.[79]
On April 23, Dahmer lured another young man to his house; however, after giving the victim a drugged coffee, both he and the victim heard Dahmer's grandmother call, "Is that you, Jeff?"[80] Although Dahmer replied in a manner that led his grandmother to believe he was alone, his grandmother did observe the fact Dahmer was not alone. Because of this, Dahmer opted not to kill this particular victim, whom he waited until he had become unconscious before taking to the County General Hospital.[81]
In September 1988, Dahmer's grandmother asked him to move out of her house both because of his habit of bringing young men to her house late at night and because of the foul smells she had noted emanating from both the basement and the garage. Dahmer found a one-bedroom apartment on North Twenty-fifth Street and moved into his new residence on September 25.[82] The following day, Dahmer was arrested for drugging and sexually fondling a 13-year-old boy whom he had lured to his home on the pretext of posing nude for photographs.[83] In January 1989, Dahmer was convicted of second-degree sexual assault and of enticing a child for immoral purposes.[84] Sentencing for the assault was suspended until May, 1989.[85]
Two months after his conviction and two months prior to his sentencing for the sexual assault, Dahmer killed for the fifth time. The victim was a mixed-race 24-year-old aspiring model named Anthony Sears, whom Dahmer met at a gay bar on March 25, 1989. According to Dahmer, on this particular occasion, he was not planning on looking for a victim; however, shortly before closing time that evening, Sears "just started talking to me." Dahmer lured Sears to his grandmother's home (where Dahmer was temporarily living) where the pair engaged in oral sex before Dahmer drugged and strangled Sears. The following morning, Dahmer placed the corpse in his grandmother's bathtub, where he decapitated the body before attempting to flay the corpse.[86] He then stripped the flesh from the body and pulverized the bones, which were again disposed of in the trash. According to Dahmer, he found Sears "exceptionally attractive" and Sears was the first victim from whom he permanently retained any body parts: he preserved the head and genitalia of Sears in acetone[87] and stored them in his work locker. When he moved to a new address the following year, he took the remains there.[88]
On May 23, 1989,[89] Dahmer was sentenced to five years' probation and one year in the House of Correction, with work release permitted in order that he be able to keep his job; he was also required to register as a sex offender.[90]
Two months before his scheduled release from the work camp, Dahmer was paroled from this regime. (His five years' probation imposed in 1989 began at this point.)[91] Upon his release, Dahmer initially moved back with his grandmother in West Allis[92] before, in May 1990, moving into the Oxford Apartments, located on North 25th Street in Milwaukee. Although located in a high crime area, the apartment was close to his workplace, was furnished and, at $300 a month inclusive of all bills excluding electricity, was economical.[93]
924 North 25th Street
On May 14, 1990, Dahmer moved out of his grandmother's house and into Apartment 213, 924 North 25th Street, taking the skull, scalp and painted genitals of Anthony Sears with him.[94] Within one week of his moving into his new apartment, Dahmer had killed his sixth victim, Raymond Smith. Smith was a heterosexual who worked as a male prostitute whom Dahmer lured to Apartment 219 with the promise of $50 for sex.[95] At Dahmer's apartment, Smith was given a drink laced with seven sleeping pills and manually strangled. The following day, Dahmer purchased a Polaroid camera with which he took several pictures of Smith's body in suggestive positions before dismembering him in the bathroom. The legs, arms and pelvis he boiled in a steel kettle with Soilex, which enabled him to then rinse the bones in his sink;[96] the remainder of Smith's skeleton—excluding the skull—he dissolved in a container he filled with acid. Smith's skull was spray-painted and placed alongside the skull of Anthony Sears.[97]
Approximately one week after the murder of Raymond Smith, on or about May 27, Dahmer lured another young man to his apartment. On this occasion, however, Dahmer himself accidentally consumed the drink laden with sedatives intended for consumption by his guest. When he awoke, he discovered he had been robbed of $300 and a watch.[98] Naturally, Dahmer never reported this incident to the police, although he did divulge to his probation officer on May 29 that he had been robbed.
In June, 1990, Dahmer lured a 27-year-old acquaintance of his named Edward Smith to his apartment. Smith was drugged and strangled. On this occasion, rather than immediately acidifying the skeleton or repeating previous processes of bleaching (which had rendered previous victims' skulls brittle), Dahmer placed the skeleton of Smith in his freezer for several months in the hope it would not retain moisture.[99] Freezing the skeleton did not remove moisture, and the skeleton would be acidified several months later. The skull was destroyed unintentionally when placed in the oven to dry—a process which caused the skull to explode.[100] (Dahmer himself was to later inform police he had felt "rotten" about Smith's murder as he had not been able to retain any parts of his body.)[101]
Less than three months after the murder of Smith, Dahmer encountered a 22-year-old Chicago native named Ernest Miller on the corner of North 27th Street. Miller agreed to accompany Dahmer to his apartment for $50 and further agreed to allow him to listen to his heart and stomach. When Dahmer attempted to perform oral sex upon Miller, he was informed: "That'll cost you extra,"[102] whereupon Dahmer gave his intended victim a drink laced with two sleeping pills.
On this occasion, however, he had had only two sleeping pills to give his victim; therefore, he killed Miller by slashing his carotid artery with the same knife he used to dissect his victims. He then posed the nude body for various suggestive Polaroid photographs before placing the body in his bathtub for dismemberment. The severed head Dahmer repeatedly kissed and talked to as he dismembered the remainder of the body.[103] Miller's heart, biceps and portions of flesh from the legs were wrapped in plastic bags and placed in the fridge for later consumption.[104] The remaining flesh and organs Dahmer boiled into a "jelly-like substance" using Soilex, which again enabled him to rinse the flesh off the skeleton, which he intended to retain. To preserve the skeleton, he placed the bones in a light bleach solution for 24 hours before allowing them to dry upon a cloth for one week; the severed head was initially placed in the fridge before also being stripped of flesh and preserved.[105]
Three weeks after the murder of Ernest Miller, on September 24, Dahmer encountered a 22-year-old father-of-one named David Thomas at the Grand Avenue Mall and persuaded him to return to his apartment for a few drinks, with additional money on offer if he would pose for photographs. In his statement to police after his arrest, Dahmer stated that after giving Thomas a drink laden with sedatives, he did not feel attracted to him, but was afraid to allow him to awake in case he would be angry over having been drugged. Therefore, he strangled him and dismembered the body—intentionally retaining no body parts whatsoever. Nonetheless, he did photograph the dismemberment process and retain these photographs, which would aid in Thomas's subsequent identification.[106]
Following the murder of David Thomas, Dahmer did not kill for almost five months, although on a minimum of five occasions between October, 1990 and February, 1991, he did unsuccessfully attempt to lure men to his apartment.[107] He is also known to have regularly complained of feelings of both anxiety and depression to his probation officer throughout 1990; with frequent references to his sexuality, his solitary lifestyle and financial difficulties. On several occasions, he is also known to have referred to harboring suicidal thoughts.[108]
In February, 1991, Dahmer observed a 17-year-old named Curtis Straughter standing at a bus stop near Marquette University. According to Dahmer, Straughter was lured to his apartment with an offer of money for posing for nude photos,[109] with the added incentive of sexual intercourse. At Dahmer's apartment, the youth was drugged and strangled with a leather strap, then dismembered, with Dahmer retaining his skull, hands and genitals and photographing each stage of the dismemberment process. Less than two months later, on April 7, Dahmer encountered a 19-year-old named Errol Lindsey[110][111] walking to get a key cut. Lindsey was a heterosexual; he was lured to Dahmer's apartment, where he was drugged and endured muriatic acid being poured into his skull through a cavity which Dahmer had drilled. According to Dahmer, Lindsey awoke after this experiment (which Dahmer had conceived in the hope of inducing a permanent, unresistant, submissive state), saying: "I have a headache. What time is it?"[112] In response to this, Dahmer again drugged Lindsey, then strangled him. Lindsey's body was decapitated and the skull retained; his body was flayed and the skin placed in a solution of cold water and salt for several weeks in the hope of being permanently retained. Reluctantly, Dahmer disposed of Lindsey's skin when he noted it had become too frayed and brittle.[113]
By 1991, fellow residents of the Oxford Apartments had complained of the smells emanating from Apartment 213, in addition to the sounds of falling objects and the occasional sound of a chainsaw.[114] The manager of the Oxford Apartments, Sopa Princewill, did contact Dahmer in response to these complaints on several occasions, to which Dahmer initially excused the odors from his apartment as being caused by his freezer breaking, causing the contents to become "spoiled." On another occasion, the manager was informed the reason for resurgence of the odor was that several of Dahmer's tropical fish had recently died.[115]
On the afternoon of May 26, 1991, Dahmer encountered a 14-year-old named Konerak Sinthasomphone on Wisconsin Avenue; he approached the youth with an offer of money to accompany him to his apartment to pose for Polaroid pictures. According to Dahmer, Sinthasomphone—the younger brother of the boy whom he had molested in 1988—was initially reluctant to the proposal, before changing his mind and accompanying Dahmer to his apartment, where the youth posed for two pictures in his underwear before being drugged into unconsciousness and fellated. On this occasion, Dahmer drilled a single hole into Sinthasomphone's skull, through which he injected muriatic acid into the frontal lobe.[116]
Prior to his falling unconscious, Sinthasomphone was led into Dahmer's bedroom, where the nude body of 31-year-old Tony Hughes, whom Dahmer had killed three days earlier, lay naked on the floor.[117] According to Dahmer, he "believed he [Sinthasomphone] saw this body," yet did not react to seeing the bloated corpse—likely because of the effects of the sleeping pills he had ingested and the muriatic acid Dahmer had injected into his skull. Sinthasomphone soon became unconscious, whereupon Dahmer drank several beers while lying alongside Sinthasomphone before leaving his apartment to drink at a bar, then purchase more alcohol.[118]
In the early morning hours of May 27, Dahmer returned towards his apartment to discover Sinthasomphone sitting naked on the corner of 25th and State, talking in Laotian, with three hysterical young women standing near him.[119] Dahmer approached the trio and explained to the women that Sinthasomphone (whom he referred to by an alias) was his lover and attempted to lead him to his apartment by the arm. The three women dissuaded Dahmer, explaining they had phoned 911.[120] Upon the arrival of two officers named John Balcerzak and Joseph Gabrish, Dahmer's demeanor relaxed: he informed the officers that Sinthasomphone was his 19-year-old boyfriend; that he had drunk too much following a quarrel and that he frequently behaved in this manner when intoxicated. The three women were exasperated and when one of the trio attempted to indicate to one of the officers that Sinthasomphone was bleeding from his buttocks and that he had seemingly struggled against Dahmer's attempts to walk him to his apartment, the officer harshly informed her to "butt out,"[121] "shut the hell up"[122] and to not interfere, adding the incident was "domestic."[123]
Against the protests of the three women, the officers simply covered Sinthasomphone with a towel and walked him to Dahmer's apartment where, in an effort to verify his claim that he and Sinthasomphone were lovers, Dahmer showed the officers the two semi-nude Polaroid pictures he had taken of the youth the previous evening. The officers later reported having noted a strange scent reminiscent of excrement inside the apartment (this odor emanated from the decomposing body of Hughes).[124] Dahmer stated that to investigate this, one officer simply "peeked his head around the bedroom but really didn't take a good look." The officers then left, with a departing remark that Dahmer "take good care" of Sinthasomphone.[125][126]
Had a background check upon Dahmer been conducted, it would have revealed that he was a convicted child molester under probation.[127]
Upon the departure of the two police officers from his apartment, Dahmer again injected muriatic acid into Sinthasomphone's brain; on this second occasion, the injection proved fatal. The following day, May 28, Dahmer took a day's leave from work to devote himself to the dismemberment of the bodies of Sinthasomphone and Hughes, whom Dahmer had killed three days prior to Sinthasomphone and whose body had been lying in his bedroom as police brought Sinthasomphone back to his apartment. Both victims' skulls were retained.[128]
By the summer of 1991, Dahmer was murdering approximately one person each week: On June 30, Dahmer traveled to Chicago, where he encountered a 20-year-old named Matt Turner at a bus station.[129] Turner accepted Dahmer's offer to travel to Milwaukee for a professional photo shoot. At Dahmer's apartment, Turner was drugged, strangled and dismembered, with his head and internal organs placed in separate plastic bags in the freezer. He was not reported missing. Five days later, on July 5, Dahmer lured 23-year-old Jeremiah Weinberger from a Chicago bar to his apartment on the promise of spending the weekend with him. Weinberger was drugged and twice had boiling water injected into his skull, sending Weinberger into a coma from which he died two days later.[130]
On July 15, Dahmer encountered 23-year-old Oliver Lacy at the corner of 27th and Kilbourn.[131] Lacy agreed to Dahmer's ruse of posing nude for photographs and accompanied him to his apartment, where the pair engaged in tentative sexual activity before Lacy was drugged. On this occasion, Dahmer intended to prolong the time he spent with Lacy while alive: after unsuccessfully attempting to render Lacy unconscious with chloroform,[132] he phoned his workplace to request a day's absence; this was granted, although the next day, he was suspended. After strangling Lacy, Dahmer had sex with the corpse before dismembering him. His head and heart were placed in the refrigerator; his skeleton in the freezer.[133]
Four days after the murder of Lacy, on July 19, Dahmer received word he was fired.[134] Upon receipt of this news, Dahmer lured 25-year-old Joseph Bradehoft to his apartment. Bradehoft was strangled and left lying on Dahmer's bed, covered with a sheet, for two days. On July 21, Dahmer removed these sheets to find the head covered in maggots, whereupon he decapitated the body, cleaned the head and placed it in the refrigerator.[135] Bradehoft's torso was later acidified, along with those of two other victims killed within the previous month.[136][137]
Arrest
On July 22, 1991, Dahmer approached three men with an offer of $100 to accompany him to his apartment, drink beer and simply keep him company.[138] One of the trio, 32-year-old Tracy Edwards, agreed to accompany him to his apartment. Upon entering Dahmer's apartment, Edwards noted a foul odor and several boxes of muriatic acid on the floor, which Dahmer claimed to use for cleaning bricks. After some minor conversation, Edwards responded to Dahmer's request to turn his head and view his tropical fish, whereupon Dahmer placed a handcuff upon his wrist. When Edwards asked, "What's happening?" Dahmer unsuccessfully attempted to cuff his wrists together,[139] then informed Edwards to accompany him to the bedroom to pose for nude pictures.
Inside the bedroom, Edwards noted nude male posters on the wall and that a videotape of The Exorcist III was playing;[140][141] he also noted a blue 57-gallon drum in the corner, from which a strong odor emanated.[142]
Dahmer then brandished a knife and informed Edwards he intended to take nude pictures of him. In an attempt to appease Dahmer, Edwards unbuttoned his shirt, saying he would allow him to do so if he would remove the handcuffs and put the knife away. In response to this promise, Dahmer simply turned his attentions towards the TV; Edwards observed Dahmer rocking back and forth and chanting before turning his attentions back to him: he placed his head on Edwards' chest, listened to his heartbeat and, with the knife pressed against his intended victim, informed Edwards he intended to eat his heart.[143]
In continuous attempts to prevent Dahmer from attacking him, Edwards repeated assertions he was Dahmer's friend and that he was not going to run away.[144] (Edwards had decided he was going to either jump from a window or run through the unlocked front door upon the next available opportunity.) When Edwards next stated he needed to use the bathroom, he asked if they could sit with a beer in the living room, where there was air conditioning, to which Dahmer consented and the pair walked to the living room when Edwards exited the bathroom. Inside the living room, Edwards waited until he observed Dahmer to momentarily lapse from concentration before again requesting to use the bathroom.[145] When Edwards rose from the couch, he noted Dahmer was not holding the handcuffs, whereupon Edwards punched him in the face, knocking Dahmer off balance, and ran through the front door.[146]
At 11:30 p.m. on July 22, two Milwaukee police officers were flagged down by Tracy Edwards at the corner of North 25th Street. The officers noted Edwards had a handcuff attached to his wrist,[147][148] whereupon Edwards explained to the officers that a "freak" had placed the handcuffs upon him and asked if the police could remove them. When the officers' own handcuff keys failed to fit the brand of handcuffs, Edwards agreed to accompany the officers to the apartment where, Edwards stated, he had spent the previous five hours before escaping.[149]
When the officers and Edwards arrived at Apartment 213, Dahmer invited the trio inside and acknowledged he had indeed placed the handcuffs upon Edwards, although he offered no explanation as to why he had done so. At this point, Edwards divulged to the officers that Dahmer had also brandished a large knife upon him and that this had happened in the bedroom. Dahmer made no comment to this revelation; indicating to one of the officers, Rolf Mueller, that the key to the handcuffs was in his bedside dresser in the bedroom. As Mueller entered the bedroom, Dahmer attempted to pass Mueller to himself retrieve the key, whereupon the second officer present, Robert Rauth, informed him to "back off."[150]
In the bedroom, Mueller noted there was indeed a large knife beneath the bed; he also saw an open drawer which, upon closer inspection, contained scores of Polaroid pictures—many of which were of human bodies in various stages of dismemberment. Mueller noted the decor indicated they had been taken in the very apartment in which they were standing. He walked into the living room to show them to his partner,[151] uttering the words, "These are for real."[152]
When Dahmer saw that Mueller was holding several of his Polaroids, he fought with the officers in an effort to resist arrest. The officers quickly overpowered him, cuffed his hands behind his back and called a second squad car for backup. At this point, Mueller opened the refrigerator to reveal the freshly severed head of a black male placed upon the bottom shelf.[153]
As Dahmer lay pinned on the floor beneath Rauth, he turned his head towards the officers and muttered the words: "For what I did I should be dead."[154]
A more detailed search of the apartment, conducted by the Criminal Investigation Bureau, revealed a total of four severed heads in Dahmer's kitchen. A total of seven skulls—some painted; some bleached—were found in Dahmer's bedroom and inside a closet.[155] In addition, investigators discovered collected blood drippings upon a tray at the bottom of Dahmer's refrigerator, plus two human hearts[156] and a portion of arm muscle each wrapped inside plastic bags upon the shelves. In Dahmer's freezer, investigators discovered an entire torso, plus a bag of human organs and flesh stuck to the ice at the bottom.[157] Elsewhere in Apartment 213, investigators discovered two entire skeletons, a pair of severed hands, two severed and preserved penises, a mummified scalp and, in the 57-gallon drum, three further dismembered torsos dissolving in the acid solution. A total of 74 Polaroid pictures detailing the dismemberment of Dahmer's victims would also be found.[158]
In reference to the recovery of body parts and artifacts at 924 North 25th Street, the chief medical examiner later stated: "It was more like dismantling someone's museum than an actual crime scene."[159]
Confession
Beginning in the early hours of July 23, 1991, Dahmer was questioned by Detective Patrick Kennedy as to the murders he had committed and the evidence found at his apartment. Over the following two weeks, Detective Kennedy and, later, Detective Patrick Murphy would conduct numerous interviews with Dahmer which, when combined, would total over sixty hours.[160]
Dahmer waived his right to have a lawyer present throughout his interrogations,[161] adding he wished to confess all as he had "created this horror and it only makes sense I do everything to put an end to it."[162] He readily admitted to having murdered sixteen young men in Wisconsin since 1987, with one further victim—Steven Hicks—killed in Ohio back in 1978.
Most of the victims had been rendered unconscious prior to their murder, although some had died as a result of having acid or boiling water injected into their brain. (As he had no memory of the murder of Tuomi, he was unsure whether he was unconscious when beaten to death.) He readily admitted to performing necrophilia with several of his victims' bodies, this included performing sexual acts with their viscera[163] as he dismembered their bodies in his bathtub. The bones he wished to dispose of would be pulverized or acidified, with Soilex and bleach solutions used to aid in the preservation of the skeletons and skulls he wished to keep. In addition, he confessed to having consumed the hearts, livers, biceps and portions of thighs of several victims killed within the previous year.[164]
Describing the increase in his rate of killing in the two months prior to his arrest, he stated he had been "completely swept along"[165] with his compulsion to kill, adding: "It was an incessant and never-ending desire to be with someone at whatever cost. Someone good looking, really nice looking. It just filled my thoughts all day long."[166]
When asked as to why he had preserved a total of 7 skulls and the entire skeletons of two victims, Dahmer stated he had been in the process of constructing a private altar of victims' skulls which he had intended to adorn upon the black table located in his living room and upon which he had photographed the bodies of many of his victims. This display of skulls was to be adorned at each side with the complete skeletons of Ernest Miller and Oliver Lacy. The four severed heads found in his kitchen were to be removed of all flesh and used in this altar, as was the skull of at least one future victim. Incense sticks were to be placed at each end of the black table, above which Dahmer intended to place a large blue lamp with extending blue globe lights.[167] The entire construction was to be placed before a window covered with a black, opaque shower curtain, in front of which Dahmer intended to sit in a black leather chair.[168]
When asked in a November 18, 1991 interview who the altar was dedicated to, Dahmer replied, "Myself ... It was a place where I could feel at home." He further described his intended altar as a "place for meditation," from where he believed he could draw a sense of power.[169]
Indictment
On July 25, 1991, Dahmer was charged with four counts of murder. By August 22, he would be charged with a further eleven murders committed in the state of Wisconsin[170] and on September 17, would be charged by authorities in Ohio with the murder of Steven Hicks.[171]
Dahmer was not charged with the attempted murder of Tracy Edwards,[172] nor was he charged with the murder of Steven Tuomi. In relation to no charges being brought regarding the death of Tuomi, Dahmer was not charged with this murder due to the fact the Milwaukee County District Attorney only brought charges where murder could be proven beyond a reasonable doubt[173] and Dahmer had no memory of actually committing this particular murder, for which no physical evidence of the crime existed.
At a scheduled preliminary hearing on January 13, 1992,[174] Dahmer pleaded guilty but insane to 15 counts of murder.[175]
Trial
The trial of Jeffrey Dahmer began on 30 January 1992.[176] He was tried in Milwaukee for the 15 counts of murder before Judge Laurence Gram.[177]
By pleading guilty on January 13 to the charges brought against him and thereby waiving his rights to an initial trial to establish guilt (as defined in Wisconsin law),[178] the issue debated by opposing counsels at Dahmer's trial was to determine whether he suffered from either a mental or a personality disorder:[179] the prosecution claiming that any disorders did not deprive Dahmer of the ability to appreciate the criminality of his conduct or to deprive him of the ability to resist his impulses; the defense arguing that Dahmer suffered from a mental disease[180] and was driven by obsessions and impulses he was unable to control.[181]
Defense experts argued that Dahmer was insane due to his necrophilic drive; his compulsion to have sexual encounters with corpses. Defense expert Dr. Fred Berlin testified that Jeffrey Dahmer was unable to conform his conduct at the time that he committed the crimes because he was suffering from paraphilia or, more specifically, necrophilia. Dr. Judith Becker, a professor of Psychiatry and Psychology, was the second expert witness for the defense; Dr. Becker also diagnosed Dahmer with necrophilia. The final defense expert to testify, forensic psychiatrist Dr. Carl Wahlstrom, diagnosed Dahmer with borderline personality disorder.[3][182][183]
The prosecution rejected the defense's argument that Dahmer suffered from necrophilia. Forensic psychiatrist Dr. Phillip Resnick testified that Dahmer did not suffer from primary necrophilia because he preferred live sexual partners as evidenced by his efforts to create unresistant, submissive sexual partners devoid of rational thought and to whose needs he did not have to cater. Dr. Resnick diagnosed Dahmer with borderline personality disorder.[184] Another prosecution expert to testify, Dr. Fred Fosdel, testified to his belief that Dahmer was without mental disease or defect at the time he committed the murders. He described Jeff as a calculating and cunning individual, although he did state his belief that Dahmer was not a sadist.[185] Dr. Fosdel diagnosed Dahmer with borderline personality disorder.
The final witness to appear for the prosecution, forensic psychiatrist Dr. Park Dietz, began his testimony on February 12. Dr. Dietz testified that he did not believe Dahmer to be suffering from any mental disease or defect at the time that he committed the crimes, stating: "Dahmer went to great lengths to be alone with his victim and to have no witnesses."[186] He explained that there was ample evidence that Dahmer prepared in advance for each murder, therefore, his crimes were not impulsive.[187] He also felt that Dahmer's habit of becoming intoxicated prior to committing each of the murders was significant, stating: "If he had a compulsion to kill, he would not have to drink alcohol. He had to drink alcohol to overcome his inhibition, to do the crime which he would rather not do."[187] Dr. Dietz diagnosed Dahmer with substance use disorder, paraphilia, and personality disorder not otherwise specified, with borderline and schizotypal features.
Two court appointed mental health professionals—testifying independently of either prosecution or defense—were forensic psychiatrist Dr. George Palermo and clinical psychologist Dr. Samuel Friedman. Dr. Palermo stated that the murders were the result of a "pent-up aggression within himself [Dahmer]. He killed those men because he wanted to kill the source of his homosexual attraction to them. In killing them, he killed what he hated in himself." Dr. Palermo diagnosed Dahmer with borderline personality disorder. Dr. Friedman, who also diagnosed Dahmer with borderline personality disorder,[188] testified that it was a longing for companionship that caused Dahmer to kill. He stated, "Mr. Dahmer is not psychotic." He spoke kindly of Jeff, describing him as "Amiable, pleasant to be with, courteous, with a sense of humor, conventionally handsome and charming in manner. He was, and still is, a bright young man."[1][2][63]
The trial lasted two weeks.[111] On February 14, both counsels delivered their closing arguments to the jury: the prosecution describing Dahmer as a sane man, in full control of his actions; the defense portraying Dahmer as a desperately lonely and profoundly sick individual unable to conform his conduct to the requirements of law.[189]
On February 15, court reconvened to hear the verdict: Dahmer was ruled to be sane and not suffering from a mental disorder at the time of each of the 15 murders for which he was tried,[190] although in each count, two of the 12 jurors signified their dissent.[191] On the first two counts, Dahmer was sentenced to life imprisonment plus ten years,[192] with the remaining 13 counts carrying a mandatory sentence of life imprisonment plus 70 years. The death penalty was not an option for Judge Gram to consider at the penalty phase as the State of Wisconsin had abolished capital punishment in 1853.[193]
Upon hearing his son's sentencing, Dahmer's father, Lionel, and stepmother, Shari, requested to be allowed a ten-minute private meeting with their son before he was transferred to the Columbia Correctional Institution in Portage to begin his sentence.[194] This request was granted and the trio exchanged hugs and well-wishes before Dahmer was escorted away to begin his sentence.
Three months after his conviction for 15 murders in Milwaukee, Dahmer was extradited to Ohio to be tried for the murder of his first victim, Steven Hicks.[195] Dahmer again pleaded guilty to the charges and was sentenced to a 16th term of life imprisonment on May 1, 1992.[196]
Imprisonment and death
Upon sentencing, Dahmer was transferred to the Columbia Correctional Institution in Portage, Wisconsin.[197]
For the first year of his incarceration, Dahmer was placed in solitary confinement due to concerns for his physical safety should he come into contact with fellow inmates.[198] With Dahmer's consent, after one year in solitary confinement, he was transferred to a less secure unit within the Columbia Correctional Institution, where he was assigned a two-hour daily work detail cleaning the toilet block.
Shortly after completing his lengthy confessions in 1991, Dahmer had requested to Detective Patrick Murphy that he be given a copy of the Bible.[199] This request was granted and Dahmer gradually devoted himself to religion and became a born-again Christian. In May, 1994, Dahmer was baptized by Reverend Roy Ratcliff in the prison whirlpool.[200][201] Following his baptism, the Rev. Ratcliff visited Dahmer on a weekly basis up until November, 1994. Dahmer and Rev. Ratcliff regularly discussed the prospect of death and Dahmer questioned whether he was sinning against God by continuing to live.[202]

 

 Jeffrey Dahmer in February, 1994. He is seen here in an interview granted to Stone Phillips of Dateline NBC.
In July, 1994, a fellow inmate, Osvoldo Durruthy, attempted to slash Dahmer's throat with a razor embedded in a toothbrush as Dahmer returned to his cell from Rev. Roy Ratcliff's weekly church service conducted in the prison chapel.[203] Dahmer received superficial wounds and was not seriously hurt in this incident.
According to Dahmer's family, he had long been ready to die, and accepted any punishment which he may endure in prison. In addition to his father and stepmother retaining regular contact, Dahmer's mother, Joyce, retained regular contact with her son (although prior to his arrest, the two had not seen one-another since Christmas, 1983).[204] Joyce Dahmer related that in her weekly phone calls, whenever she expressed concerns for her son's physical well-being, Dahmer would respond with comments to the effect of: "It doesn't matter, Mom. I don't care if something happens to me."[202]
On the morning of November 28, 1994, Dahmer left his cell to conduct his assigned work detail. Accompanying him were two fellow inmates: Jesse Anderson and Christopher Scarver. The trio were left unsupervised in the showers of the prison gym for approximately 20 minutes. At approximately 8:10 a.m.[205] Dahmer was discovered still alive on the floor of the bathrooms of the gym suffering from extreme head wounds; he had been severely bludgeoned about the head with a 20-inch (51 cm) metal bar. [206] His head had also been repeatedly struck against the wall in the assault.[207] Dahmer was rushed to a nearby hospital, but pronounced dead one hour later. Jesse Anderson had also been savagely attacked with the same instrument and himself died two days later from his wounds.[208][209] Their assailant, 25-year-old Christopher Scarver—serving a life sentence for a murder committed in 1990—informed authorities he had first attacked Dahmer with the metal bar as he (Dahmer) was cleaning a staff locker room. According to Scarver, Dahmer did not yell or make any noise as he was attacked. Anderson was himself attacked as he cleaned an inmate locker room. Scarver was adamant he had not planned the attacks in advance.
Upon learning of his death, Dahmer's mother, Joyce Flint, responded angrily to the media: "Now is everybody happy? Now that he's bludgeoned to death, is that good enough for everyone?"[210] The response of the families of Dahmer's victims was mixed, although it appears most were pleased with his death. The district attorney who prosecuted Dahmer cautioned against turning Scarver into a folk hero, noting that Dahmer's death was still murder.[211]
On May 15, 1995, Christopher Scarver was sentenced to two additional terms of life imprisonment for the murders of Dahmer and Anderson.[212]
Dahmer had stated in his will he wished for no services to be conducted and that he wished to be cremated.[213] In September 1995, Dahmer's body was cremated, and his ashes divided between his parents.[214]
Pathology
Prior to his 1992 trial, Dahmer underwent multiple psychiatric examinations and although the experts' conclusions were not always in agreement - one thing was clear: Dahmer was afflicted with complicated, comorbid psychopathologies. Dahmer displayed a tendency to experience recurrent depressive affect, worthlessness, low self-esteem, suicidal ideation and a strong fear of abandonment.[184] Three psychologists who evaluated Dahmer after his 1988 arrest for molestation described him as being uncooperative, angry, resistant to change,[215] evasive, manipulative, emotionally unstable, and lacking insight; each of these traits is commonly associated with borderline personality disorder.[63] Despite the experts' disagreements upon whether Dahmer was sane or insane, they all essentially agreed that Dahmer suffered from major depressive disorder, generalized anxiety disorder, substance use disorder, sexual paraphilias, and borderline personality disorder.[1][2][3][4][216][217]
Borderline personality disorder
Dahmer was repeatedly diagnosed with borderline personality disorder, which is defined by the DSM-IV-TR as "A pervasive pattern of instability of interpersonal relationships, self-image, and affects, and marked impulsivity that begins by early adulthood and is present in a variety of contexts." Following his 1991 arrest, Dahmer completed the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI); the results of which indicated that he was sane, was conscious of the difference between right and wrong, capable of dissimulation, and generally maladjusted. The MMPI revealed Dahmer as alienated from both others and from himself, as strongly depressive and hopelessly oriented toward the world and other humans, and filled with specific paranoid fears of others' hostility. Dahmer's MMPI scores suggest that these characteristics conclusively demonstrated that he was a deeply troubled man who was unable to control his impulses.
Although in the years immediately following his birth he was doted upon by his parents,[218] by the time he was approximately 4 years old, his mother had little time for her son. Moreover, his father was seldom at home as he studied for his PhD in chemistry. As a result, Dahmer received little affection or nurturing throughout his childhood from either parent and he is known to have had difficulty making or maintaining friendships. Moreover, by the time Dahmer was 8 years old, his family had moved home on 6 separate occasions. When his brother, David, was born in 1966, much of his parents' attention was focused upon the needs of their younger child, possibly increasing his sense of neglect.[219]
Reportedly, Dahmer struggled to accept his homosexuality. He did not divulge to his father and stepmother that he was homosexual until after his 1988 arrest for molestation.[220] Although he later recalled the frank manner in which he informed his parents as to his sexual orientation, his probation officers did note repeated inferences of Dahmer's conflicts regarding his sexuality: the first recorded instance in which Dahmer indicated to his probation officer that he had fully accepted his homosexuality was in January, 1991.[221]
In reference to his 1989 plea for clemency regarding his conviction for molestation, Dahmer had stated: "What I've done has cut both ways. It's hurt the victim, and it's hurt me.... I don't know what I was thinking when I did it. I know I was under the influence."[63] Perceiving oneself as the victim of one's own crimes and externalizing blame onto others or onto substance abuse are typical borderline defenses.[222] Dahmer told his probation officer that his life lacked purpose; a sign of the chronic emptiness experienced by someone with BPD. Moreover, Dahmer had a strong reason to both hate and fear abandonment. During his parents' bitter divorce in 1978, they fought over custody of Dahmer's younger brother. Having just turned 18 at the time of the finalization of his parents' divorce, Dahmer was considered an adult and thus did not require legal custody. Left alone in the house with neither food nor money and only sporadic contact with his father (who resided in a nearby motel), Dahmer committed his first murder— an experience which he later described as one which "tainted" his life.[223]
Although Dahmer was insistent he had had no hatred or animosity towards any of his victims, some doctors theorized he projected his self-hatred as to his sexual orientation onto his adult victims through his actions[224]—a classic borderline personality disorder defense.
The forensics team that examined Dahmer's apartment and possessions following his arrest and who conducted the autopsies upon the remains of his victims he had opted to preserve or otherwise store as opposed to destroy or discard, concluded that the murders were rooted in an unconscious hatred of his victims and were the result of Dahmer's "ambivalent homosexuality." All agreed that he suffered from borderline personality disorder.[225]
Substance use disorder and paraphilias
Substance use disorder
Dahmer had a long history of substance abuse and dependence. By his early teens, Dahmer was considered a loner who was known to drink heavily and was prone to act the fool in order to attract attention. This alcohol abuse increased throughout his years at Revere High School, and occurred during the time his parents' marriage had begun to deteriorate. The separation was also difficult for Dahmer as he witnessed fierce arguments between his parents over who would achieve custody of his younger brother, David.[226] Although he was by then in his mid-teens, his parents did not vocalize concerns over his own living arrangements.
Dahmer's heavy drinking continued throughout his sole term at Ohio State University:[227] his three roommates later harked to being unnerved at his unremitting intake of hard liquor, which often resulted in his being too inebriated to attend classes. On the occasions Dahmer was able to attend classes or lectures, the alcohol abuse would continue, and occasionally resulted in his passing out on his way back to his dormitory.
After dropping out of the University of Ohio in the fall of 1978, Dahmer enlisted in the army. Here, his alcohol abuse was again noted: two fellow soldiers noted he concealed alcohol upon the barracks inside a briefcase which opened into a portable bar that included a martini kit.[63] While stationed in Germany, Dahmer's alcohol abuse escalated from initial evening and weekend binge drinking to almost constant alcohol abuse. Inevitably, his performance as a medic deteriorated as a result of this behavior;[228] Dahmer was repeatedly reprimanded for disobeying orders; failing to report for duty; and reporting to work late, intoxicated or in improper uniform. In February 1981, the army placed Dahmer in a drug rehabilitation program, but within a short period a counselor recommended he be declared a "failure." On March 24, 1981, Dahmer was honorably discharged from the army due to alcohol and drug misuse.[229]
Dahmer's subsequent violent behavioral pattern in which he had to drink himself almost into a stupor in order to commit murder was not borne from instrumental aggression, but from a desperate attempt to prevent abandonment.
In addition to alcohol, Dahmer was also a heavy user of marijuana and amphetamines.[230][231] He was also an occasional user of both cocaine and benzodiazepine—a minor tranquilizer Dahmer is also known to have used to sedate his victims. (Dahmer had a preference for either triazolam (Halcion) or temazepam (Restoril).)[232]
Paraphilias
Dahmer readily admitted to having engaged in a number of paraphilic behaviors, including necrophilia, exhibitionism, hebephilia, fetishism, pygmalionism, and erotophonophilia. He is also known to have several partialisms, including anthropophagy (also known as cannibalism).[231][233] One particular focus of Dahmer's partialism was the victim's chest area. By his own admission, what caught his attention to Steven Hicks hitchhiking in 1978 was the fact the youth was bare-chested; he also conceded it was possible that his viewing the exposed chest of Steven Tuomi in 1987 while in a drunken stupor may have lead him to unsuccessfully attempt to tear Tuomi's heart from his chest.[234] Moreover, almost all the murders Dahmer committed from 1990 onwards involved a ritual of posing the victims' bodies in suggestive positions—many pictures taken prior to dismemberment depict the victims' bodies with the chest thrust outwards.[235]
Dahmer also derived sexual pleasure from the viscera of his victims;[236] he would often masturbate and ejaculate into the body cavity and at other times, literally used the internal organs as a masturbatory aid.[237] According to the testimony of several experts who testified at Dahmer's trial, he was not a sexual sadist. Dr. Park Dietz—testifying on behalf of the prosecution—stated: "He [Dahmer] did not torture and took steps to prevent suffering."
Aftermath
Dahmer's estate was awarded to the families of 11 of his victims who had sued for damages. In 1996, Thomas Jacobson, a lawyer representing eight of the families, announced a planned auction of Dahmer's estate. Although victims' relatives stated the motivation was not greed, the announcement sparked controversy.[238][239] A civic group, Milwaukee Civic Pride, was quickly established in an effort to raise the funds to purchase and destroy Dahmer's possessions. The group pledged $407,225, including a $100,000 gift by Milwaukee real estate developer Joseph Zilber, for purchase of Dahmer's estate; five of the eight families represented by Jacobson agreed to the terms, and Dahmer's possessions were subsequently destroyed and buried in an undisclosed Illinois landfill.[240][241][242]
On August 5, 1991, a candlelight vigil to celebrate and heal the Milwaukee community was attended by more than 400 people. Present at the vigil were community leaders, gay rights activists and family members of several of Dahmer's victims. Organizers stated the purpose of the vigil was to enable Milwaukeeans to "share their feelings of pain and anger over what happened."[243]
The Oxford Apartments at 924 North 25th Street, where Dahmer had killed 12 of his victims, were demolished in November 1992.[244] The site is now a vacant lot. Alternate plans to convert the site into either a memorial garden, a playground, or to reconstruct new housing have failed to materialize.
Lionel Dahmer is now retired from his career as an analytical chemist and resides with his wife in Medina County, Ohio. Dr. Dahmer is an advocate for creationism, and his wife was a member of the board of the Medina County Ohio Horseman's Council.[245] Both have refused to change their surname and have professed their love of Jeffrey in spite of his crimes.
In 1994, Lionel Dahmer published a book, A Father's Story, and donated a portion of the proceeds from his book to the victims' families. Most of the families showed support for Lionel Dahmer and his wife, Shari, although three families subsequently sued Lionel Dahmer: two for using their names in the book without obtaining prior consent;[246] and a third family—that of Steven Hicks—filing a wrongful death suit against Lionel Dahmer, his wife, Shari, and former wife, Joyce, citing parental negligence as the cause for the claim.[247]
Joyce Flint, Jeffrey's mother and Lionel Dahmer's first wife, died of cancer in November, 2000. Prior to her death, she had attempted suicide on at least one occasion.[248]
Jeffrey's younger brother, David, changed his surname and lives in anonymity.
Known murder victims
Jeffrey Dahmer is known to have killed 17 young men between 1978 and 1991. Of these victims, 12 were killed in his North 25th Street apartment. Three further victims were murdered and dismembered at his grandmother's West Allis residence, with his first and second victims being murdered at his parents' home in Bath, Ohio and at the Ambassador Hotel in Wisconsin respectively.[249] A total of 14 of Dahmer's victims were from various ethnic minority backgrounds, with nine victims being black, although Dahmer was adamant the race of his victims was incidental to him and that it was the body form of a potential victim which attracted his attention.[197]
Most of Dahmer's victims were killed by strangulation after being drugged with sedatives, although his first victim was killed by a combination of bludgeoning and strangulation and his second victim was battered to death, with one further victim killed in 1990, Ernest Miller, dying of a combination of shock and blood loss due to his carotid artery being cut.[250] Many of Dahmer's victims killed in 1991 had holes bored into their skulls through which Dahmer injected muriatic acid or, later, boiling water, directly into the brain[251] in an attempt to render a permanent, submissive, unresistant state. On at least three occasions, this proved fatal although on none of these occasions was this Dahmer's intention.[252]
1978
June 18: Steven Hicks, 18. Last seen hitchhiking to a rock concert in Chippewa Lake Park.[253] He was bludgeoned and strangled to death with a dumbbell before being dismembered. Remains pulverized and scattered in woodland behind Dahmer's childhood home.
1987
November 20: Steven Tuomi, 25. Killed in a rented room at the Ambassador Hotel. Dahmer claimed to have no memory of murdering Tuomi, yet stated he must have battered him to death in a drunken stupor. His body was dismembered in the basement of Dahmer's grandmother's house and the remains discarded in the trash. No remains were ever found.
1988
January 16: James Doxtator, 14. Met Dahmer outside a gay bar in Wisconsin. Doxtator was lured to West Allis on the pretext of earning $50 for posing for nude pictures. Dahmer strangled Doxtator and kept his body in the basement for a week before dismembering him and discarding the remains in the trash. No remains were ever found.
March 24: Richard Guerrero, 22. Drugged and strangled in Dahmer's bedroom at West Allis. Dahmer dismembered Guerrero's corpse in the basement, dissolved the flesh in acid and disposed of the bones in the trash. He bleached and retained the skull for several months before disposing of it.[254] No remains were ever found.
1989
March 25: Anthony Sears, 26. Sears was the last victim to be drugged and strangled at Dahmer's grandmother's residence; he was also the first victim from whom Dahmer permanently retained any body parts.[255] His preserved skull and genitals would be found in a filing cabinet at 924 North 25th Street following Dahmer's arrest in 1991.
1990
May 20: Raymond Smith, 32. The first victim to be killed at Dahmer's North Street apartment. Smith was a male prostitute whom Dahmer encountered at a tavern. Dahmer gave Smith a drink laced with sleeping pills, then strangled him on his kitchen floor.[256] His skull was spray-painted and retained.
June 14: Edward Smith, 27. A known acquaintance of Dahmer who was last seen in his company at a party.[257] Dahmer acidified Smith's skeleton; his skull was destroyed unintentionally when placed in the oven in an effort to remove moisture.[258] No remains were ever found.
September 2: Ernest Miller, 22. Miller was a dance student whom Dahmer encountered outside a bookstore. According to Dahmer, he was especially attracted to Miller's physique. He was killed by having his carotid artery severed before being dismembered in the bathtub, with Dahmer storing his entire skeleton in the bottom drawer of a filing cabinet and his heart, biceps and portions of his legs in the freezer for later consumption.
September 24: David Thomas, 22. Encountered Dahmer near the Grand Avenue Mall; he was lured to Dahmer's apartment on the promise of money for posing nude. Once unconscious from consuming a laced drink, Dahmer decided Thomas "wasn't my type." Nonetheless, Dahmer strangled Thomas, taking Polaroid photos of the dismemberment process. No remains were ever found.[259]
1991
February 18: Curtis Straughter, 17. Approached by Dahmer as he waited at a bus stop near Marquette University. Dahmer lured Straughter to his apartment, where the youth was drugged, then handcuffed and strangled before being dismembered in the bathtub. His skull, hands and genitals were retained.
April 7: Errol Lindsey, 19. The first victim upon whom Dahmer drilled holes into the skull, through which he injected Muriatic acid into the brain. (Dahmer referred to this practice as his "drilling technique."). According to Dahmer, Lindsey awoke after this practice, after which he was again rendered unconscious with a drink laced with sedatives, then strangled to death. Dahmer flayed Lindsey's body and retained the skin for several weeks.[260] His skull was found following Dahmer's arrest.
May 24: Tony Hughes, 31. Hughes was a deaf-mute whom Dahmer lured to his apartment upon the promise of posing nude for photographs. As Hughes was deaf, he and Dahmer communicated using handwritten notes. He was strangled and his body left on Dahmer's bedroom floor for three days before being dismembered, with Dahmer photographing the dismemberment process. His skull was retained and identified from dental records.[261]
May 27: Konerak Sinthasomphone, 14. The younger brother of the boy Dahmer had assaulted in 1988. Sinthasomphone was drugged and had Muriatic acid injected into his brain before Dahmer left the youth unattended as he left the apartment to purchase beer. When he returned, he discovered Sinthasomphone naked and disoriented in the street, with three hysterical young women attempting to assist him. When police arrived, Dahmer persuaded them he and Sinthasomphone were lovers and that the youth was simply intoxicated. When police left Sinthasomphone with Dahmer in his apartment, Dahmer again injected Muriatic acid into Sinthasomphone's brain, and this proved fatal. His head was retained in the freezer and his body dismembered.
June 30: Matt Turner, 20. On June 30, Dahmer attended the Chicago Pride Parade. At a bus stop, he encountered a 20-year-old named Matt Turner and persuaded him to accompany him to Chicago to pose for a photo shoot. Turner was drugged, strangled, then dismembered in the bathtub. His head and internal organs were placed in the freezer and his torso subsequently placed in the 57-gallon drum Dahmer purchased on July 12.[262]
July 5: Jeremiah Weinberger, 23. Met Dahmer at a gay bar in Chicago and agreed to accompany him to Milwaukee for the weekend. Dahmer drilled through Weinberger's skull and injected boiling water into the cavity. He later recalled Weinberger's death to be exceptional as he was the only victim who died with his eyes open.[263] Weinberger's decapitated body was kept in the bathtub for a week before being dismembered; his torso was placed in the 57-gallon drum.
July 15: Oliver Lacy, 23. A bodybuilding enthusiast whom Dahmer enticed to his apartment on the promise of money for posing for photographs. Lacy was drugged and strangled with a leather strap before being decapitated, with his head and heart being placed in the refrigerator.[264] His skeleton was retained to adorn one side the private shrine of skulls and skeletons Dahmer was in the process of creating when arrested one week later.
July 19: Joseph Bradehoft, 25. Dahmer's last victim. Bradehoft was a father of 3 children from Minnesota who was looking for work in Milwaukee at the time of his murder.[265] He was left on Dahmer's bed for two days following his murder before, on July 21, being decapitated. His head was placed in the refrigerator and his torso in the 57-gallon drum.
Media
Film
The film Jeffrey Dahmer: The Secret Life was released in 1993. The film casts Carl Crew as Dahmer.[266]
The biographical film Dahmer, was released in 2002. This film stars Jeremy Renner in the title role and Bruce Davison as his father, Lionel.[267]
A further film, Raising Jeffrey Dahmer, was released in 2006. This film stars Rusty Sneary as Dahmer and co-stars Scott Cordes as his father, Lionel. This film revolves around the reactions of Dahmer's parents following his arrest in 1991.
In 2012, an independent documentary film, Jeff (also known as The Jeffrey Dahmer Files), premiered at the SXSW film festival. This film features interviews with Dahmer's former neighbor, Pamela Bass, Detective Patrick Kennedy, and the city medical examiner, Jeffrey Jentzen.[268]
Books
The Shrine of Jeffrey Dahmer, written by Brian Masters. (ISBN 978-0340591949)
The Jeffrey Dahmer Story: An American Nightmare, written by Donald Davis. (ISBN 978-0312928407)
A Father's Story, written by Dr. Lionel Dahmer. (ISBN 0-6881-2156-X)
Dark Journey, Deep Grace: The Story Behind a Serial Killer's Journey to Faith, written by Rev. Roy Ratcliff. (ISBN 978-0-97677-902-5).
Jeffrey Dahmer: A Journey into the Mind of America's Most Tormented Serial Killer, written by Dr. Joel Norris. (ISBN 0-09-472060-6).
The Man Who Could Not Kill Enough: The Secret Murders of Milwaukee's Jeffrey Dahmer, written by Anne Schwartz. (ISBN 1559721170)
Milwaukee Massacre: Jeffrey Dahmer and the Milwaukee Murders, written by Robert J. Dvorchak and Lisa Holewa. (ISBN 0-7090-5003-8)
Television
The Discovery Channel has broadcast an episode focusing upon the crimes of Jeffrey Dahmer.
The Investigation Discovery channel have also broadcast a documentary focusing upon Jeffrey Dahmer within their documentary series Most Evil. This documentary features excerpts of Dahmer's 1994 interview with Stone Philips and was first broadcast in August, 2006.
See also
List of serial killers by number of victims
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210.Jump up ^ Milwaukee Journal Sentinel Nov. 29, 1994
211.Jump up ^ Gleick, Elizabeth (December 12, 1994). "The Final Victim". Vol. 42 No. 24 (People Magazine). Retrieved June 17, 2009.
212.Jump up ^ Daily News May 17, 1995.
213.Jump up ^ NY Times Sep. 18, 1995
214.Jump up ^ The Vindicator Sept. 18, 1995.
215.Jump up ^ The Shrine of Jeffrey Dahmer ISBN 0-340-59194-3 pp. 130-131
216.Jump up ^ O'Meara, Gregory J. (2009). "HE SPEAKS NOT,YET HE SAYS EVERYTHING;WHAT OF THAT?:TEXT,CONTEXT, AND PRETEXT IN STATE V.JEFFREY DAHMER". Retrieved 27 August 2013.
217.Jump up ^ "2.3 Psychiatric Approach". Retrieved 27 August 2013.
218.Jump up ^ The Shrine of Jeffrey Dahmer ISBN 0-340-59194-3 p. 26
219.Jump up ^ [Jeffrey Dahmer ISBN 0-09-472060-6 pp. 68-71]
220.Jump up ^ The Shrine of Jeffrey Dahmer ISBN 0-340-59194-3 p. 129
221.Jump up ^ [Jeffrey Dahmer ISBN 0-09-472060-6 p. 219]
222.Jump up ^ Blaney, Davis, Millon, Paul H, Roger D, Theodore (1999). Oxford Textbook of Psychopathology Vol. 4. Oxford University Press. ISBN 0195103076.
223.Jump up ^ Christopher Berry-Dee p. 127
224.Jump up ^ The Shrine of Jeffrey Dahmer ISBN 0-340-59194-3 p. 250
225.Jump up ^ Jentzen, J; Palermo G, Johnson LT, Ho KC, Stormo KA, Teggatz J (1994). "Destructive hostility: the Jeffrey Dahmer case. A psychiatric and forensic study of a serial killer". The American Journal of Forensic Medicine and Pathology 15 (4): 283–94. PMID 7879770. Retrieved 30 August 2013.
226.Jump up ^ [Jeffrey Dahmer ISBN 0-09-472060-6 pp. 82-84]
227.Jump up ^ [The Shrine of Jeffrey Dahmer ISBN 0-340-59194-3 p. 72]
228.Jump up ^ [Jeffrey Dahmer ISBN 0-09-472060-6 pp. 110-113]
229.Jump up ^ Harris, Arthur Jay (2009 (Revised edition)). Jeffrey Dahmer's Dirty Secret: The Unsolved Murder of Adam Walsh - Book One: Finding The Killer. BookSurge Publishing. p. 31. ISBN 1439236275.
230.Jump up ^ Pardue, Angela; Bruce A. Arrigo (7). "Power, Anger, and Sadistic Rapists: Toward a Differentiated Model of Offender Personality". International Journal of Offender Therapy and Comparative Criminology 52 (378): 395. doi:10.1177/0306624X07303915.
231.^ Jump up to: a b Purcell; Arrigo, Catherine; Bruce A (2006). The Psychology of Lust Murder: Paraphilia, Sexual Killing, and Serial Homicide. Academic Press; 1 edition. ISBN 012370510X.
232.Jump up ^ Kottler, Jeffrey (2010). Duped: Lies and Deception in Psychotherapy. Routledge. ISBN 0415876249.
233.Jump up ^ Nichols, DS (June 2006). "Tell me a story: MMPI responses and personal biography in the case of a serial killer". Journal of Personality Assessment 86 (3): 242–62. PMID 16740110. Retrieved 30 August 2013.
234.Jump up ^ The Shrine of Jeffrey Dahmer ISBN 0-340-59194-3 pp. 109-110
235.Jump up ^ The Shrine of Jeffrey Dahmer ISBN 0-340-59194-3 p. 159
236.Jump up ^ Holmes, Holmes, Ronald M., Stephen T (2008). Profiling Violent Crimes: An Investigative Tool. United States: Sage Publications. ISBN 1412959985.
237.Jump up ^ Masters, Brian (1993). The Shrine of Jeffrey Dahmer. Hodder & Stoughton Ltd; New edition edition. ISBN 0340591943.
238.Jump up ^ Serial killer's property set to go on the auction block." CNN.com. May 8, 1996.
239.Jump up ^ Johnson, Dirk. "Bid to Auction Killer's Tools Provokes Disgust." The New York Times. May 20, 1996.
240.Jump up ^ "Auction of Dahmer Items Is Apparently Off." The New York Times. May 29, 1996.
241.Jump up ^ O'Flaherty, Sean. "Joseph Zilber – A Gift To Milwaukee." Today's TMJ4. December 15, 2007.
242.Jump up ^ "Dahmer's Possessions Destroyed." "Today's TMJ4." July 21, 2011.
243.Jump up ^ Milwaukee Sentinnel Aug. 6, 1991.
244.Jump up ^ The Bulletin, Nov. 17, 1992.
245.Jump up ^ "Some modern scientists who have accepted the biblical account of creation". Answers in Genesis.
246.Jump up ^ [Murder In Mind issue 5. ISSN 1364-5803 p. 14.]
247.Jump up ^ "Victim's Mother Seeks $50 Million from Dahmers". August 29, 1992.
248.Jump up ^ The Milwaukee Sentinnel Apr. 1, 1994.
249.Jump up ^ BBC – Jeffrey Dahmer, the Milwaukee Cannibal[dead link]
250.Jump up ^ [Jeffrey Dahmer ISBN 0-09-472060-6 p. 214]
251.Jump up ^ The Shrine of Jeffrey Dahmer ISBN 0-340-59194-3 pp. 176-177
252.Jump up ^ [The Shrine of Jeffrey Dahmer ISBN 0-340-59194-3 pp. 188-189]
253.Jump up ^ [Jeffrey Dahmer ISBN 0-09-472060-6 p. 89]
254.Jump up ^ The Shrine of Jeffrey Dahmer ISBN 0-340-59194-3 p. 120
255.Jump up ^ Journal. Aug 1991.
256.Jump up ^ The Shrine of Jeffrey Dahmer ISBN 0-340-59194-3 p. 141
257.Jump up ^ [Jeffrey Dahmer ISBN 0-09-472060-6 pp. 199-200]
258.Jump up ^ The Shrine of Jeffrey Dahmer ISBN 0-340-59194-3 p. 144
259.Jump up ^ [Jeffrey Dahmer ISBN 0-09-472060-6 p. 217]
260.Jump up ^ The Shrine of Jeffrey Dahmer ISBN 0-340-59194-3 p. 13
261.Jump up ^ [Milwaukee Massacre ISBN 0-7090-5003-8 p. 178]
262.Jump up ^ The Shrine of Jeffrey Dahmer ISBN 0-340-59194-3 p. 183
263.Jump up ^ The Shrine of Jeffrey Dahmer ISBN 0-340-59194-3 p. 49
264.Jump up ^ The Shrine of Jeffrey Dahmer ISBN 0-340-59194-3 p. 14
265.Jump up ^ Milwaukee Journal Jul. 26, 1991.
266.Jump up ^ "Jeffrey Dahmer: The Secret Life at imdb.com
267.Jump up ^ Dahmer opened in theaters on June 21, 2002.[1] The DVD was released October 27.[2]
268.Jump up ^ "'Jeff' explores Dahmer's effect on Milwaukee" Los Angeles Times. March 10, 2012.
Cited works and further reading
Masters, Brian (1993). The Shrine of Jeffrey Dahmer. Hodder and Stoughton Limited. (ISBN 978-0340591949)
Norris, Dr. Joel (1992). Jeffrey Dahmer: A Journey into the Mind of America's Most Tormented Serial Killer. Constable Books. (ISBN 0-09-472060-6).
Schwartz, Anne E. (1992). The Man Who Could Not Kill Enough: The Secret Murders of Milwaukee's Jeffrey Dahmer. Citadel Press. (ISBN 1559721170)
Dvorchak, Robert J.; Holewa, Lisa (1992). Milwaukee Massacre. Robert Hale Publishing. (ISBN 0-7090-5003-8)
Davis, Don (2006). The Jeffrey Dahmer Story: An American Nightmare. St. Martin's Press. (ISBN 978-0312928407)
Dahmer, Dr. Lionel (1994). A Father's Story. William Morrow & Co. (ISBN 0-6881-2156-X)
Lane, Brian; Gregg, Wilfred (1991). The Encyclopedia of Serial Killers. Headline Publishing Group. (ISBN 0-7472-3731-X)
Mann, Robert Ph.D. (2006). Forensic Detective — How I Cracked The World's Toughest Cases. Ballantine Books. (ISBN 978-0345479426)
Lane; Gregg (1996). New Encyclopedia of Serial Killers. ISBN 978-0-7472-5361-7.
Pincus, Jonathan H. (2001). Base Instincts — What Makes Killers kill?. W.W. Norton & Company. (ISBN 978-0393323238).
Ratcliff, Roy; Adams, Lindy (2006). Dark Journey, Deep Grace: The Story Behind a Serial Killer's Journey to Faith. Leafwood Publishers. (ISBN 978-0-97677-902-5).
External links
 Wikiquote has a collection of quotations related to: Jeffrey Dahmer
 Media related to Jeffrey Dahmer at Wikimedia Commons
Jeffrey Dahmer at CrimeLibrary.com
Excerpts of Jeffrey Dahmer's confession
International Journal of Offender Therapy behavioral analysis of Jeffrey Dahmer
CNN interview with Lionel and Shari Dahmer
Jeffrey Dahmer at the Internet Movie Database

Authority control
­WorldCat·
 ­VIAF: 6584207·
 ­LCCN: n92014113·
 ­ISNI: 0000 0001 1590 254X·
 ­GND: 119123045
 
 


 
 
 
 
 
 
 

 

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Jeffrey Dahmer: The Secret Life

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Jeffrey Dahmer: The Secret Life
The Secret Life Jeffrey Dahmer poster.jpg
Directed by
David R. Bowen
Screenplay by
Carl Crew
Starring
Carl Crew, Donna Stewart Bowen, Jeanne Bascom
Music by
David R. Bowen
Cinematography
Ronald Vidor
Studio
Moonlith Films
Running time
99 minutes
Country
USA
Language
English
Jeffrey Dahmer: The Secret Life is an American true crime film, released in 1993. It starred Carl Crew as Jeffrey Dahmer, an American serial killer, necrophile and cannibal.
The movie is a first hand account of Dahmers lifestyle as a serial killer. When he was finally caught, it was revealed that his apartment was a chamber of horrors, where according to the film, he tortured his young victims to death, although in reality he made sure they were unconscious while he performed his unspeakable acts. Then he sliced up the bodies and stored the parts in his freezer, among other places. The Secret Life was produced several years before Dahmer was himself murdered in prison.[1]
References[edit]
1.Jump up ^ Erickson, Rovi. "Jeffrey Dahmer - The Secret Life (1992)." New York Times n.d., n. pag. Web. 29 Nov. 2012.
External links[edit]
Jeffrey Dahmer:The Secret Life at the Internet Movie Database
Stub icon This article about a biographical film is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.
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Dahmer (film)

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Dahmer
Dahmer.jpg
Official logo
 
Directed by
David Jacobson
Produced by
Larry Ratner
Written by
David Jacobson
Starring
Jeremy Renner
Bruce Davison
Artel Kayàru
Matt Newton
Music by
Christina Agamanolis
 Mariana Bernoski
 Willow Williamson
Cinematography
Chris Manley
Editing by
Bipasha Shom
Studio
Blockbuster Films
DEJ Productions
 Two Left Shoes Films
Distributed by
Peninsula Films
Release date(s)
June 21, 2002
 
Running time
102 minutes
Country
United States
Language
English
Budget
$250,000[1]
Box office
$144,008[1]
Dahmer is a 2002 American biopic about the American serial killer Jeffrey Dahmer. Jeremy Renner stars in the title role.
There are two timelines in the film: The "present" of the film runs in ordinary chronological order covering the period of one-to-two days; the flashbacks go in reverse order, so that Dahmer is seen as successively younger until the movie arrives at his first murder and its aftermath.

Contents
  [hide] 1 Plot
2 Cast
3 Production
4 Reception
5 Legacy
6 Awards
7 References
8 External links
Plot[edit]
During his murder spree, Jeffrey Dahmer (Jeremy Renner) conducts sadistic experiments on his victims before he murders them. He killed one man this way in Bath, Ohio and sixteen men in the metropolitan area of Milwaukee, Wisconsin. At the same time, he rationalizes his crimes with the divorce of his parents and his emotionally isolated childhood; nevertheless, he can't stop inviting more and more young men from bars and clubs to his home, where he kills them. Jeffrey starts to be friends with a young man named Rodney and invites him to his house, but Rodney ends up getting attacked by Jeffrey and leaves.
Cast[edit]
The real-life counterpart to the fictional victim is in parenthesesJeremy Renner as Jeffrey Dahmer
Bruce Davison as Lionel Dahmer
Artel Kayàru as Rodney (Tracy Edwards)
Matt Newton as Lance Bell (Stephen Hicks)
Dion Basco as Khamtay (Konerak Sinthasomphone)
Kate Williamson as Grandma
Christian Payano as Letitia
Tom'ya Bowden as Shawna
Sean Blakemore as Corliss
Production[edit]
Although the script recreates actual events, the names are changed out of respect for Dahmer's victims. In reality, the escapee who led to Dahmer's capture was Tracy Edwards, portrayed by Artel Kayàru as Rodney, and Dahmer's first victim was a man named Stephen Hicks, portrayed in the film by Matt Newton as Lance Bell.
Production took place in Los Angeles and one scene in Milwaukee. The mask special effects were created by Christien Tinsley and Kelley Mitchell, who were involved two years later in the makeup of Mel Gibson's The Passion of the Christ.
Reception[edit]
Dahmer has received mostly mixed to positive reviews. It currently holds a 68% "Fresh" rating on Rotten Tomatoes.[2]
Legacy[edit]
In the DVD commentary track for The Hurt Locker, Kathryn Bigelow said that she cast Renner in the lead role because of his performance in Dahmer.
Awards[edit]
Independent Spirit Award - Jeremy Renner (Best Male Actor in a Leading Role) (nominated)
Independent Spirit Award - Artel Kayàru (Best Newcomer) (nominated)
John Cassavetes Award - Larry Ratner and David Jacobson (nominated)
References[edit]
1.^ Jump up to: a b "Dahmer (2002) - Box Office Mojo". 2002-08-11. Retrieved 2011-07-03.
2.Jump up ^ Dahmer at Rotten Tomatoes
External links[edit]
Dahmer at the Internet Movie Database
Dahmer at Box Office Mojo
Dahmer at Rotten Tomatoes
 

Categories: 2002 films
English-language films
2000s crime films
2000s drama films
2000s thriller films
2002 horror films
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Raising Jeffrey Dahmer

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
 
Jump to: navigation, search

Question book-new.svg
 This article does not cite any references or sources. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. (August 2011) 

Raising Jeffrey Dahmer

Directed by
Rich Ambler
Produced by
Wood Dickinson
Written by
Wood Dickinson
 Christopher Ryan
Starring
Scott Cordes
 Cathy Barnett
 Rusty Sneary
 Jeannine Hutchings
Bo Svenson
Cinematography
Roland Schlotzhauer
Studio
Renegade Pictures
Distributed by
Barnholtz Entertainment
Release date(s)
April 13, 2006 (Kansas)
June 24, 2008 (DVD)
 
Running time
87 minutes
Country
United States
Language
English
Raising Jeffrey Dahmer is a 2006 American drama film based on the case of serial killer Jeffrey Dahmer. The film is directed by Rich Ambler and stars Rusty Sneary as Dahmer, Scott Cordes as his father, and Cathy Barnett as his stepmother.

Contents
  [hide] 1 Plot
2 Cast
3 Release
4 References
5 External links
Plot[edit]
The film explores the childhood of Jeffrey Dahmer (Rusty Sneary) and his relationship with his father, Lionel (Scott Cordes), all during a trial in late 1991.
Cast[edit]
Scott Cordes as Lionel Dahmer
Cathy Barnett as Shari Dahmer
Rusty Sneary as Jeffrey Dahmer
Jeannine Hutchings as Catherine Dahmer
Bo Svenson as Detective John Amos
Erin McGrane as Joyce Dahmer
Kip Niven as Attorney Howard Parker
Release[edit]
The film premiered at the Kansas City Filmmakers Jubilee on April 13, 2006 and was not released in mainstream theaters. It was later released on DVD on June 24, 2008.
References[edit]
James Mudge (May, 8 2009). "Beyond Hollywood". website. Beyond Hollywood. Retrieved November 07, 2012. "Rotten Tomatoes". Flixster.
External links[edit]
Raising Jeffrey Dahmer at the Internet Movie Database
Raising Jeffrey Dahmer at AllRovi
Raising Jeffrey Dahmer at Rotten Tomatoes
 

Categories: 2006 films
English-language films
2000s drama films
American films
American drama films
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Jeff (film)

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

  (Redirected from Jeff (2012 film))
Jump to: navigation, search

Jeff
Jeff The Movie Poster.jpg
Official festival poster
 
Directed by
Chris James Thompson
Produced by
Chris Smith
Barry Poltermann
 Jack Turner
 Chris James Thompson
Written by
Chris James Thompson
Andrew Swant
 Joe Riepenhoff
Starring
Andrew Swant
 Jeffrey Jentzen
 Pat Kennedy
 Pamela Bass
Music by
Robert Mulrennan
The Knife
The Books
Cinematography
Michael T. Vollmann
Editing by
Michael T. Vollmann, Chris James Thompson
Distributed by
IFC Films
Release date(s)
March 2012 (SXSW Film Festival)
 
Running time
80 minutes
Country
United States
Language
English
Jeff (aka The Jeffrey Dahmer Files) is an independent documentary film about serial killer Jeffrey Dahmer during the summer of his arrest. The film was directed by Chris James Thompson and stars Andrew Swant as Dahmer in fictionalized re-enactment segments which are interwoven with interviews of the medical examiner assigned to the case (Jeffrey Jentzen), the lead detective (Pat Kennedy), and Dahmer's next door neighbor (Pamela Bass).
The film premiered at the 2012 SXSW film festival where it received positive reviews and obtained sales representation from Josh Braun at Submarine Entertainment. The film also played at the Hot Docs Canadian International Documentary Festival in Toronto, the Independent Film Festival of Boston, and the Maryland Film Festival in Baltimore.
The documentary was picked up by IFC Films who re-titled it The Jeffrey Dahmer Files. Jonathan Sehring, President of Sundance Selects/IFC Films, said: “Chris James Thompson has made one of the creepiest documentaries of the year that lingers in the mind long after the film has ended. He’s approached the well-known subject of Jeffrey Dahmer in a new and inventive way that managed to completely unnerve us." The film was released theatrically and on Video On Demand through IFC on February 15th, 2013, with a television and DVD release to follow.[1]
Jeff was shot in Milwaukee, Wisconsin on Super 16 mm film over the course of three years. It was executive produced by Chris Smith (director of American Movie), Barry Poltermann, and Jack Turner.

Contents
  [hide] 1 Plot synopsis
2 Critical response
3 References
4 External links
Plot synopsis[edit]
In 1991 Jeffrey Dahmer was arrested in Milwaukee and sentenced to 957 years in prison for murdering 17 men and boys and dismembering their bodies. Jeff explores the city of Milwaukee by meeting those surrounding Dahmer during and after his hidden spree. Recollections from Milwaukee Medical Examiner Jeffrey Jentzen, Police Detective Patrick Kennedy, and neighbor Pamela Bass are interwoven with archival footage and everyday scenes from Dahmer’s life, working collectively to disassemble the facade of an ordinary man leading an ordinary existence.
Critical response[edit]
The film received generally positive reviews, many of them praising the director's restraint. Jeannette Catsoulis of The New York Times called the film "a meditation on perversion as hypnotic as it is repulsive" and labeled it a "Critics' Pick".[2] Mark Olson of the Los Angeles Times called the film "quietly unnerving."[3] John DeFore of the Hollywood Reporter said that “Jeff stands apart from the true-crime pack" and called Swant’s portrayal of Dahmer "eerily convincing.”[4] John Gholson of Movies.com said “I’d go so far as to say that Jeff is one of the greatest serial killer movies ever made.”[5]
Owen Gleiberman, writing in a warning tone for the general audience, said it was "for hardcore Dahmer obsessives only. Through a mix of documentary footage and staged scenes, director Chris James Thompson explores the days during which Dahmer’s crimes were first discovered. Interviews with the medical examiner on the scene and the officer who first interrogated Dahmer bring us into a newly queasy communion with the horror of his crimes."[6]
The film won the Milwaukee Film Festival's Cream City Cinema Grand Jury Award for 2012.[7]
References[edit]
1.Jump up ^ http://twitchfilm.com/2013/02/exclusive-first-trailer-for-serial-killer-doc-the-jeffrey-dahmer-files.html
2.Jump up ^ http://movies.nytimes.com/2013/02/15/movies/the-jeffrey-dahmer-files-by-chris-james-thompson.html?ref=movies&_r=0
3.Jump up ^ Olsen, Mark (March 10, 2012). "SXSW 2012: 'Jeff' explores Dahmer's effect on Milwaukee". Los Angeles Times.
4.Jump up ^ http://www.hollywoodreporter.com/review/jeff-sxsw-review-302220 The Hollywood Reporter review
5.Jump up ^ Gholson, John. "Horror at SXSW: 'Jeff,' 'Compliance,' and 'The Tall Man' Stretch the Definition of Horror". Movies.com.
6.Jump up ^ Gleiberman, Owen (February 22, 2013). "The Jeffrey Dahmer Files". Entertainment Weekly (New York: Time Inc.): 59.
7.Jump up ^ Wild, Matt (October 8, 2012). "Crulic - The Path To Beyond and The Jeffrey Dahmer Files take top jury honors at 2012 Milwaukee Film Festival". AV Club.
External links[edit]
Official website
Jeff at the Internet Movie Database
Official trailer
Official IFC web page
The Hollywood Reporter review
Los Angeles Times review
Movies.com review
The Onion A.V. Club article about the film
 

Categories: 2012 films
English-language films
American films
American documentary films
Borderline personality disorder
Independent films
2010s documentary films
Jeffrey Dahmer
IFC Films films

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Atlanta murders of 1979–81

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  (Redirected from Atlanta child murders)
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The Atlanta Child Killer

Background information

Birth name
Wayne Williams
Killings

Number of victims
29–31
Country
United States
State(s)
Georgia

 This article needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. (November 2009) 
The Atlanta Child Murders, known locally as the "missing and murdered children case", were a series of murders committed in Atlanta, Georgia, United States from the summer of 1979 until the spring of 1981. Over the two-year period, a minimum of 28 African-American children, adolescents and adults were killed. Atlanta native Wayne Williams, also African-American and 23 years old at the time of the last murder, was arrested for and convicted of two of the murders.

Contents
  [hide] 1 The murders
2 Capturing the suspect
3 Trial
4 Aftermath
5 Recent developments
6 Known child victims
7 Media adaptations
8 References
9 Further reading
10 External links
The murders[edit]
In the summer of 1979, Edward Hope Smith and Alfred Evans, both 14, disappeared four days apart. Their bodies were both found on July 28. Their confirmed deaths were the beginning of the series of murders believed to be committed by the "Atlanta Child Killer", so-called because it was popularly assumed there was only one perpetrator. Milton Harvey, the next murder victim and who was also 14, disappeared on September 4, 1979 while traveling to the bank to pay a credit card bill for his mother. His body was later recovered.
On October 21, 1979, Yusuf Bell went to the store to buy snuff for a neighbor, Eula Birdsong. A witness said she saw Yusuf getting into a blue car before he disappeared. His body was found on November 8, 1979, in the abandoned E.P. Johnson elementary school. He was still wearing the brown cut-off shorts he was last seen in. He had been strangled. The police did not immediately link his disappearance to the previous killings.
The next victim, 12-year-old Angel Lenair, was the first female victim of the killer. She disappeared March 4, 1980 and was found 6 days later, strangled, tied to a tree and possibly sexually assaulted. On March 11, 1980, Jeffery Mathis disappeared while on an errand for his mother.
On June 9, Chris Richardson went missing on his way to a local pool. On June 22 and June 23, seven-year-old Latonya Wilson and 10-year-old Aaron Wyche went missing. The extended wave of disappearances and murders panicked parents and children in the city, and the government struggled to ensure the safety of children. Nonetheless, apparently linked murders continued.
The murders of two children, Anthony Carter and Earl Terell, occurred in July 1980.
Between August and November 1980, five more killings took place. There were no known victims during the month of December. All the victims had been African-American children between the ages of nine and 14 and most had been asphyxiated.
The murders continued into 1981. The first known victim in the new year was Lubie Geter, who disappeared on January 3. Geter's body was found on February 5. Geter's friend Terry Pue also went missing in January. An anonymous caller told the police where to find Pue's body.[1]
In February two murders occurred, believed linked to the others. In March, four Atlanta linked murders took place, including that of Eddie Duncan, the first adult victim.
In April, Larry Rogers was murdered, as well as adult ex-convict John Porter and Jimmy Ray Payne.
After William Barrett went missing on May 16, 1981, his body was found close to his home. The last victim added to the list was Nathaniel Cater, 27 years old.
Investigator Chet Dettlinger created a map of the victims' locations. Despite the difference in ages, the victims fell with the same geographic parameters. They were connected to Memorial Drive and 11 major streets in the area.
Capturing the suspect[edit]
As the news media divulged that physical evidence was being gathered from the corpses, the FBI privately predicted that the killer would dump the next victim into a body of water to remove any evidence. Some victims had already been put in the river. Police staked out nearly a dozen bridges including the James Jackson Parkway/South Cobb Drive bridge over the Chattahoochee River between Atlanta/Fulton County and suburban Cobb County to monitor suspicious activity that might be connected to the murders. On the last night of their stake-out, May 22, 1981, detectives got the first major break in the case when an officer heard a splash in the water beneath the bridge. He saw a white 1970 Chevrolet station wagon turn around and slowly drive away from the bridge.[2]
An Atlanta police patrol car and a second unmarked car carrying federal agents first followed and then stopped the station wagon about a half mile from the bridge. The driver was 23-year-old Wayne Bertram Williams, a supposed music promoter and freelance photographer.[2] The Chevrolet wagon belonged to his parents. Dog hair and fiber evidence recovered from the rear of the vehicle were later major factors in the police building a case against Williams, as they matched his dog and carpet in his parents' house. During questioning, Williams said he was on his way to audition a woman named Cheryl Johnson as a singer. Williams claimed she lived in the nearby Cobb County town of Smyrna. Police did not find any record of Cheryl Johnson nor of Williams's claimed appointment with her.
Two days later, on May 24, the naked body of Nathaniel Cater, 27, was found floating downriver just a few miles from the bridge where Williams had allegedly stopped his car.[2] The medical examiner determined the body had been in the river no more than 36 to 48 hours. Based on this evidence, including hearing the splash, police believed that Williams had killed Cater and disposed of his body while the police were nearby.
Many pieces of evidence led the police to consider Williams the prime suspect. One was the fact that he was the only person stopped during the month-long stakeout of 12 bridges and that Williams had stopped on the bridge when the splash was heard. Another was the fact that Williams' appearance, when stopped by the police, was very similar to a sketch-artist drawing of the suspected killer, including a unique bushy Afro sticking out from the sides of a baseball cap, and a birthmark on the back of the left cheek. Another was the fact that the federal agents who stopped Williams on the bridge saw a 24-inch nylon cord, which was of a diameter consistent with the choke marks on Cater and other victims, lying in the car. Another was the fact that Williams chose to spend much of his time seeking out and auditioning African-American boys in the age range of most of the victims. Another was the fact that Williams quite strongly failed a lie detector test administered by FBI polygraph examiner Richard Rackleff. (Williams was re-administered the test two more times and failed both. In particular, he thrice "flunked" the three key questions: "Did you kill Nathaniel Cater? Did you kill him that night that you were on the bridge? and Did you throw Nathaniel Cater into the river?") Another was the fact that unique, identical, boomerang-shaped green carpet fibers were found in the carpet in Williams' house and on two of the victims. (Other fibers from Williams' house and cars would later be matched to fibers on victims.) Another was the fact that witness Robert Henry saw Williams holding hands and walking with Nathaniel Cater on the night he is believed to have died.[3] On June 21, 1981, they arrested him. A Grand Jury indicted him for first-degree murder in the deaths of Nathaniel Cater and Jimmy Ray Payne, age 22.[2] The trial date was set for early 1982.
Trial[edit]
Jury selection began on December 28, 1981, and lasted six days. The jury was composed of nine women and three men, with a racial composition of eight African Americans and four Caucasians.
The trial officially began on January 6, 1982, with Judge Clarence Cooper presiding. The most important evidence against Williams was the fiber analysis between the victims Williams was indicted for Jimmy Ray Payne and Nathaniel Cater and the 12 pattern-murder cases, in which circumstantial evidence culminated in numerous links among the crimes. This included witnesses testifying to seeing Williams with the victims, and some witnesses suggesting that he had solicited sexual favors.[2]
On February 27, 1982 - after eleven hours of deliberation - the jury found Wayne Bertram Williams guilty of the two murders. He was sentenced to two consecutive life terms in the Georgia state prison at Reidsville.[2]
On May 6, 2005, the DeKalb County, Georgia, Police Chief Louis Graham ordered the reopening of the murder cases of five boys who were killed in DeKalb County between February and May 1981 that had been attributed to Williams. Police Chief Graham believed that Williams may have been innocent of these and other murders. The remaining cases are under the jurisdiction of Fulton County, Georgia, and those authorities consider their related murder cases closed with the arrest and trial of Williams.
Aftermath[edit]
Musicians performed concerts to honor the victims, and to provide benefits to the victim's families. Performers included Frank Sinatra and Sammy Davis Jr.. The Jacksons performed on July 22, 1981 at the Atlanta Omni Coliseum during their Triumph Tour raising $100,000 for the Atlanta Children's Foundation in response to the kidnappings and murders. Wayne Williams's father, who was a media photographer in Atlanta at the time, could be seen on stage with Frank Sinatra. Still in 1981 Gladys Knight & The Pips from Atlanta, Georgia recorded Forever Yesterday (For The Children). A song in memorial of the victims written by Glenn Smith.
Recent developments[edit]
Now 54 years old, Wayne Williams continues to maintain his innocence.
About six months after becoming the DeKalb County Police Chief, Graham reopened the investigations into the deaths of the five DeKalb County victims: Aaron Wyche, 10; Curtis Walker, 13; Yusuf Bell, 15; William Barrett, 17; and Patrick Baltazar, 11. Graham, one of the original investigators in these cases, said he never believed Wayne Williams, the man convicted of two of the killings and blamed for 22 others, was guilty of any of them.
On August 6, 2005, journalists reported that Charles T. Sanders once praised the crimes in secretly recorded conversations. Although Sanders did not claim responsibility for any of the deaths, lawyers for Williams believed that the evidence will help their bid for a new trial for Williams. (The police had investigated Sanders in relation to the murders, but dropped the probe into his and the KKK's possible involvement, after Sanders was closely surveilled for seven weeks, during which four more victims were killed, and after Sanders and two of his brothers volunteered for, and passed, lie detector tests.)
The criminal profiler John E. Douglas stated that, while he believes that Williams committed many of the murders, he does not think that he committed them all. Douglas added that he believes that law enforcement authorities have some idea of who the other killers are, cryptically adding, "It isn't a single offender and the truth isn't pleasant."[4]
On June 21, 2006, the DeKalb County Police dropped its reinvestigation of the Atlanta child murders. After resigning, Graham was replaced by the Acting Chief, Nick Marinelli, who said, "We dredged up what we had, and nothing has panned out, so until something does or additional evidence comes our way, or there's forensic feedback from existing evidence, we will continue to pursue the [other] cold cases that are [with]in our reach."[citation needed]
On January 29, 2007, attorneys for the State of Georgia agreed to allow DNA testing of the dog hair that was used to help convict Williams. This decision was a response to a legal filing as a part of Williams' efforts to appeal his conviction and life sentences. Williams' lawyer, Jack Martin, asked a Fulton County Superior Court judge to allow DNA tests on canine and human hair and blood, stating the results might help Williams win a new trial.
On June 26, 2007, the DNA test results were published, but they failed to exonerate Williams. In fact, the results were that the hairs on the bodies contained the same mitochondrial DNA sequence as Williams' dog, and that the DNA sequence occurs in only about 1 out of 100 dogs. Dr. Elizabeth Wictum, director of the UC Davis laboratory that carried out the testing, told The Associated Press that while the results were “fairly significant,” they "don't conclusively point to Williams' dog as the source of the hair", because the lab was able to test only for mitochondrial DNA which, unlike nuclear DNA, cannot be shown to be unique to one dog.[5]
Later in 2007, the FBI performed DNA tests on two human hairs found on one of the victims. The mitochondrial DNA sequence in the hairs would eliminate 99.5% of persons by not matching their DNA. The mitochondrial DNA sequence in the hairs would eliminate 98% of African American persons by not matching their DNA. However, they matched Williams' DNA and so did not eliminate the possibility that the hairs were his.[6]
Known child victims[edit]
Name Age Date of disappearance
Edward Smith 14 July 21, 1979
Alfred Evans 13 July 25, 1979
Milton Harvey 14 September 4, 1979
Yusef Bell 9 October 21, 1979
Angel Lenair 12 March 4, 1980
Jeffery Mathis 10 March 11, 1980
Eric Middlebrooks 14 May 18, 1980
Chris Richardson 12 June 9, 1980
Latonya Wilson 7 June 22, 1980
Aaron Wyche 10 June 23, 1980
Anthony Carter 9 July 6, 1980
Earl Terell 11 July 30, 1980
Clifford Jones 13 August 20, 1980
Darren Glass 10 September 14, 1980
Charles Stephens 12 October 9, 1980
Aaron Jackson 9 November 1, 1980
Patrick Rogers 16 November 10, 1980
Lubie Geter 14 January 3, 1981
Terry Pue 15 January 22, 1981
Patrick Baltazar 11 February 6, 1981
Curtis Walker 15 February 19, 1981
Joseph Bell 15 March 2, 1981
Timothy Hill 13 March 13, 1981
Media adaptations[edit]
The first national media coverage of the missing and murdered children was in 1980, when a team from ABC News 20/20, Stanhope Gould and Bill Lichtenstein, and a producer, Steve Tello and correspondent Bob Sirkin, from the ABC Atlanta bureau looked in to the case. They were assigned to the story after ABC News president Roone Arledge read a tiny news story in the newspaper that said police had ruled out any connection between a day care explosion, which turned out to be a faulty furnace, and the cases of lost and missing children, which had been previously unreported on in the national media. In a week, the team reported on the cases of the dead and missing kids, and they broke the story that the Atlanta Police Task Force was not writing down or following up every lead they received through the police hotline that had been set up.
In 1981 British novelist Martin Amis published "The Killings in Atlanta" for The Observer, later compiled into The Moronic Inferno: And Other Visits to America (1986).
In 1985, a film was released titled The Atlanta Child Murders. The film was centered around the murders that took place and the arrest of the suspect. Like JFK, the film revolved mainly around the aftermath of the killings and the trials. The film starred Calvin Levels, Morgan Freeman, James Earl Jones, Rip Torn, Jason Robards, Martin Sheen, and Bill Paxton. Atlanta officials criticized The Atlanta Child Murders film, claiming that it distorted the facts of the case. After a series of negotiations, CBS executives agreed to insert a disclaimer alerting viewers that the film is based on fact but contains fictional elements, however the film is based upon a true story.
In 2000, Showtime released a drama film titled Who Killed Atlanta's Children? Like JFK and Frost/Nixon, the film centered mainly around the intensity of a conspiracy.
On June 10, 2010, CNN broadcast a documentary, The Atlanta Child Murders involving the case, with real interviews by Soledad O'Brien of the people involved including Wayne Williams. The two-hour CNN documentary invited CNN viewers to weigh the evidence presented and then go to CNN.com to cast votes on whether Williams is "guilty," "innocent"—or the case is "not proven." According to poll results, 68.6 percent of respondents said Williams was guilty. Only 4.3 percent said he was innocent. The remaining 27.1 percent chose a third option, "not proven," which was added to the CNN poll to offer a middle ground."[7]
References[edit]
1.Jump up ^ "Famous Atlanta Child Murders & Wayne Williams", The Crime Library
2.^ Jump up to: a b c d e f WALTER ISAACSON;Anne Constable, "A Web of Fiber and Fact", Time Magazine, 8 Mar 1982, accessed 27 Nov 2009
3.Jump up ^ "CNN Transcripts: Atlanta Child Murders
4.Jump up ^ "Mind Hunter", John Douglas and Mark Olshaker, Published by Scribner, November 26, 1998
5.Jump up ^ "DA, defense spar over meaning of new DNA test on dog hairs in Atlanta child murder case", Sign on San Diego, The San Diego Union-Tribune, 26 Jun 2007
6.Jump up ^ "Mind Hunter", John Douglas and Mark Olshaker, August 1, 1996, ISBN 0671528904
7.Jump up ^ CNN: CNN viewers: Williams 'guilty' in Atlanta child murders
Further reading[edit]
Keppel, Robert. The Riverman: Ted Bundy and I Hunt for the Green River Killer. New York, Pocket Books, 2004 (revised and updated). Contains a chapter on the Atlanta Child Murders and Keppel's participation as a consultant with the investigation.
Jones, Tayari. Leaving Atlanta. New York, Warner Books, 2002. A novel that focuses on children during the time of the murders.
Bambara, Toni Cade. Those Bones Are Not My Child. New York, Pantheon Books, 1999. A novel about a mother who lost a child as part of the murders.
Reid, Kim. No Place Safe, New York: Kensington Publishing Corp., 2007. A memoir by the daughter of one of the police investigators.
James Baldwin, The Evidence of Things Not Seen 1985. Holt, Rinehart and Winston
Chet Dettlinger, Jeff Prugh, The List 1983. Philmay Enterprises, Inc. The most comprehensive account in print written by the private detective once considered a suspect because of his thorough knowledge of the case.
John E. Douglas and Mark Olshaker, Mind Hunter: Inside the FBI's Elite Serial Crime Unit, Scribner, 1995, See: Chapter 11, Atlanta, paqes 199-224.
External links[edit]
IMDB – The Atlanta Child Murders
IMDB – Who Killed Atlanta's Children?
FBI file on the Atlanta Child Murders
Crime Library: The Atlanta Child Murders

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Wayne Williams

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 This biographical article needs additional citations for verification. Please help by adding reliable sources. Contentious material about living persons that is unsourced or poorly sourced must be removed immediately, especially if potentially libelous or harmful. (November 2008) 

Wayne Williams

Background information

Birth name
Wayne Bertram Williams
Also known as
The Atlanta Monster
 The Atlanta Child Killer
 The Atlanta Child Murderer
Born
May 27, 1958 (age 55)
Atlanta, Georgia, USA
Penalty
Life
Killings

Number of victims
2-31
Country
U.S.
State(s)
Georgia
Date apprehended
June 21, 1981
Wayne Bertram Williams (born May 27, 1958) is a convicted murderer who has been blamed for committing most of the Atlanta Child Murders of 1979 through 1981. In 1982 he was tried and convicted of killing two adult men, and sentenced to life imprisonment.[1] After his conviction the Atlanta police announced that Williams was responsible for at least 23 of the 29 child murders, but he has never been formally indicted nor tried for any of them. His guilt has been disputed by multiple parties, and Williams himself continues to maintain his innocence.

Contents
  [hide] 1 Biography
2 Trial and conviction
3 Aftermath
4 Controversy
5 References
6 External links
Biography[edit]
Wayne Bertram Williams was born on May 27, 1958 and raised in Atlanta's Dixie Hills neighborhood of Northwest Atlanta to Homer and Faye Williams. Both parents were teachers. Williams graduated from Douglass High school and developed a keen interest in radio and journalism. Eventually he constructed his own carrier-current radio station. He also began hanging out at radio stations WIGO and WAOK where he befriended a number of the announcing crew and began dabbling in becoming a music producer and manager.[2]
Trial and conviction[edit]
Williams first became a suspect May 1981 when his car was heard, on a bridge making a loud splashing sound, by a stake out team investigating a child murder case. He was stopped by police and questioned and claimed that he was going out of town to audition a young singer, Cheryl Johnson. The police would later discover that that phone number he gave them did not exist. FBI tried to find Cheryl Johnson from the address and phone details given, but were unable to find her.[3]
Two days later, the body of 27-year-old Nathaniel Cater, who had been missing for days, turned up in the river. The medical examiner on the case ruled he had died of "probable" asphyxia, but never authoritatively said he had been strangled. Police theorized that Williams had killed Cater and had thrown him off the bridge the night they had pulled him over. Their suspicions about Williams increased after the results of three polygraph tests indicated he had failed each one, and hairs and fibers on one of the victims' bodies were found to be consistent with those from Williams's home, car, and dog. Police found a book on how to beat a polygraph test when they searched his home and later stated Williams seemed to be in disbelief that he could fail a test.[4]
Throughout the course of the investigation, police staked out Williams's home for several weeks while he taunted them with insults and jokes. During this time, people working in Williams's studio also told police they had seen him with scratches on his face and arms around the time of the murders, which the police thought could have been inflicted by victims during a struggle. Williams held a press conference outside his parents' home, proclaiming his innocence. He was nevertheless arrested on June 21, 1981, for the murders of Cater and 29-year-old Jimmy Payne.
The trial began on January 6, 1982. The prosecution's case relied on an abundance of corroborating evidence. During the two-month trial, prosecutors matched 19 different sources of fibers from Williams's home and car environment: his bedspread, bathroom, gloves, clothes, carpets, dog and an unusual tri-lobal carpet fiber to a number of victims. There was also eyewitness testimony placing Williams with different victims, blood stains from victims matching blood in Williams's car and testimony that he was a pedophile attracted to young black boys (although none of the victims were sexually assaulted).
Williams took the stand in his own defense, but alienated the jury by becoming angry and combative. Williams never recovered from that outburst, and on February 27 the jury deliberated for 12 hours before finding him guilty of murdering Cater and Payne. Williams was sentenced to two consecutive terms of life imprisonment.
Williams would later appeal for a retrial in the late 1990s. However, a Butts County Superior Court judge, Hal Craig, denied relief in the habeas corpus petition. Attorney General Thurbert Baker said that "although this does not end the appeal process, I am pleased with the results in the habeas case." and that his office "will continue to do everything possible to uphold the conviction."[5]
In early 2004 Williams would once again seek a retrial. The 146-page federal court filing said Williams should be retried because law enforcement officials covered up evidence of Klan involvement, and that carpet fibers linking him to the crimes wouldn't stand up under scientific scrutiny.[6] A federal judge rejected a request for retrial on October 17, 2006.[7]
Throughout time, Williams has contended that he was framed and maintained that Atlanta officials covered up evidence of Ku Klux Klan involvement in the killings to avoid a race war in the city. His defense lawyers have maintained that a "profound miscarriage of justice" has occurred in the matter, which not only has kept Williams behind bars for a majority of his adult life, but also which kept a blind eye to bringing the real killers of these many victims to justice.[8]
Aftermath[edit]
Neither Williams nor anyone else was ever tried for the murder of the boy, later identified as Curtis Walker, aged 13, whose body was dumped into Atlanta's South River in 1981. This was the same case which would lead to the stakeouts of Atlanta bridges by the Atlanta PD and FBI that resulted in Williams becoming a suspect in May 1981 and his later apprehension in June 1981.[9] Williams is serving his sentence at Hancock State Prison.
Controversy[edit]
Williams's guilt has been disputed by some. Others, most notably the author James Baldwin in his essay The Evidence of Things Not Seen (1985), have raised questions about the investigation and trial of Williams. Some people in his community, and several of the victims' parents, did not believe that Williams, the son of two professional teachers, could have killed so many.[10] On May 6, 2005, the DeKalb County Police Chief Louis Graham ordered the reopening of the murder cases of four boys killed in that county between February and May 1981, which had been attributed to Williams.[10][11] The reopening of the investigation was welcomed by some relatives of victims, who believe the wrong man was blamed for the bulk of the killings and they hoped a new police investigation will uncover the real killer.[12]
DeKalb County Police Chief Louis Graham, formerly an assistant police chief in neighboring Fulton County at the time of the killings, said his decision to reopen the cases was driven solely by his belief in the innocence of Williams. Also former DeKalb County Sheriff, Sidney Dorsey, spoke out stating he believed, Williams was wrongly blamed for the murders, elaborating that "if they arrested a white guy, there would have been riots across the U.S". Dorsey was an Atlanta homicide detective at the time of the Atlanta child killings.[13][14][15] Both men investigated the Atlanta child murders in the early 1980s and have also previously spoken out publicly of their belief of Williams' innocence.[16]
However, the legal authorities in the neighboring Fulton County, where the majority of the murders occurred, have not moved to reopen any of the cases under their jurisdictions. Williams has always vehemently denied the charges.[10]
On August 6, 2005, it was revealed that Charles T. Sanders, a white supremacist affiliated with the Ku Klux Klan, who had been investigated for a role in the Atlanta child killings, once praised the crimes in secretly recorded conversations. Although Sanders did not claim responsibility for any of the deaths, Williams' lawyers believed the evidence would help their bid for a new trial. Sanders told an informant for the Georgia Bureau of Investigation in the 1981 recording that the killer had "wiped out a thousand future generations of niggers." Police dropped the probe into the KKK's possible involvement after seven weeks, when Sanders and two of his brothers passed lie detector tests. The case was once again closed on July 21, 2006.[17][18][19]
Former FBI profiler, John E. Douglas, wrote in his book Mindhunter, that while he believes that Williams committed many of the murders, he doesn't think that he committed all of them. Douglas added that he believes that law enforcement authorities have some idea of who the other killers are, and that "It isn't a single offender and the truth isn't pleasant." [20]
References[edit]
1.Jump up ^ [Saferstein, Richard. Criminalistics: An Introduction to Forensic Science. 8. Upper Saddle River: Prentice Hall, 2004. 75. Print.]
2.Jump up ^ Police Chief says Wayne Williams Blamed for Too Many Cases by Stan Washington and Hal Lamar for Atlanta Voice
3.Jump up ^ CNN SPECIAL: Atlanta Child Murders July 4, 2011
4.Jump up ^ 3
5.Jump up ^ Children's killer loses appeal in The Augusta Chronicle in November 7, 1998
6.Jump up ^ Convicted killer blamed for Atlanta child murders seeks new trial in The Associated Press, February 24, 2004
7.Jump up ^ Court won't reconsider man's murder conviction in The Augusta Chronicle October 18, 2006.
8.Jump up ^ Child killings conviction disputed in The Augusta Chronicle on October 6, 2006
9.Jump up ^ Atlanta Revisits 1981 Child Murders in AP News on May 15, 2005
10.^ Jump up to: a b c "Missing in Atlanta". The Investigators. Season 5. Episode 141. 2004-05-20. TruTV.
11.Jump up ^ Police reopen some Atlanta child killing cases in The Augusta Chronicle May 7, 2005
12.Jump up ^ Atlanta murder cases are reopened after 20 years in The Augusta Chronicle on October 5, 2005
13.Jump up ^ Police chief reopens 5th child slaying case in The Augusta Chronicle on May 11, 2005
14.Jump up ^ "Cold-case squad to probe decades-old Atlanta murders". CNN Justice. 7 May 2005.
15.Jump up ^ Former DeKalb sheriff prefers talk of Williams' innocence in The Augusta Chronicle on May 30, 2005
16.Jump up ^ Child killer called innocent in The Augusta Chronicle on June 4, 1998
17.Jump up ^ Possible KKK Link to Atlanta Child Killings? in First Coast News on August 5, 2005
18.Jump up ^ New Questions in Atlanta Murders - Did prosecutors withhold evidence of Klan involvement in children's death? p. 36 in ABA Journal, The Lawyers Magazine in May 1992
19.Jump up ^ Was Wayne Williams framed?/Recruiter for KKK said to admit role in Atlanta murders in Houston Chronicle, Section A, Page 4, 2 STAR Edition on September 10, 1991
20.Jump up ^ Mindhunter: Inside the FBI's elite serial crime unit by John E. Douglas and Mark Olshaker published in 1995
External links[edit]
Williams' biography and details of the murders
Crime Library case details


 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

Categories: 1958 births
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American people convicted of murder
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John Wayne Gacy

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John Wayne Gacy
Johnwaynegacymug.jpg
Mug shot of John Wayne Gacy
 
Background information

Birth name
John Wayne Gacy, Jr.
Also known as
The Killer Clown
Born
March 17, 1942
Chicago, Illinois, United States
Died
May 10, 1994(aged 52)
Crest Hill, Illinois, United States
Cause of death
Executed(Lethal injection)
Conviction
Murder
Sexual assault
Indecent liberties with a child
 
Sentence
Death
Killings

Number of victims
33-34
Country
United States
State(s)
Illinois
Date apprehended
December 21, 1978
John Wayne Gacy, Jr.(March 17, 1942 – May 10, 1994) was an American serial killerand rapist, also known as the Killer Clown, who was convicted of the sexual assaultand murderof a minimum of 33 teenage boys and young men in a series of killings committed between 1972 and 1978 in Chicago, Illinois.
All of Gacy's known murders were committed inside his Norwood Park Townshiphome; his victims would typically be lured to this address by force or deception and all but one victim was murdered by either asphyxiationor strangulationwith a tourniquet(his first victim was stabbed to death). Gacy buried 26 of his victims in the crawl spaceof his home; three further victims were buried elsewhere on his property, while the bodies of his last four known victims were discarded in the Des Plaines River.
Convicted of 33 murders, Gacy was sentenced to death for 12 of these killings on March 13, 1980. He spent 14 years on death rowbefore he was executedby lethal injectionat Stateville Correctional Centeron May 10, 1994.
Gacy became known as the "Killer Clown" due to his charitable services at fundraising events, parades and children's parties where he would dress as "Pogo the Clown", a character he devised himself.

Contents
 [hide] 1Early life
2Move to Iowa2.1First offenses
3Conviction and imprisonment
4Parole
5Businessman and community volunteer
6Murders
7Investigation
8Arrest and confession8.1Search for victims
9Trial
10Death row10.1Execution
11Artwork
12Victims12.1Identified victims
12.2Unidentified victims
12.3Identification dispute of Michael Marino
12.4Possible additional victims
13Inspiration for the formation of Missing Child Recovery Act of 1984
14Potential accomplices
15Media15.1Film
15.2Books
15.3Television
16See also
17References
18Cited works and further reading
19External links
Early life[edit]
John Wayne Gacy was born in Chicago, Illinois, the second of three children born to John Stanley Gacy (June 20, 1900 – December 25, 1969) and Marion Elaine Robinson (May 4, 1908 – December 14, 1989).[1][2][3]Gacy was of Polishand Danishheritage. (His paternal grandparents had been born in Poland.)[4][1]As a child, he was overweight and unathletic. He was close to his two sisters and mother, but endured a difficult relationship with his father, an alcoholicwho was physically abusivetoward his wife and children.[5][6]
Throughout his childhood, Gacy strove to make his father proud of him, but seldom received his approval: one of Gacy's earliest childhood memories was of being beaten with a leather belt by his father at the age of 4 for accidentally disarranging car engine components his father had assembled.[7]He was regularly belittled by his father and often compared unfavorably with his sisters, enduring disdainful accusations of being "dumb and stupid". The friction between father and son was constant throughout his childhood and adolescence, yet in interviews after his arrest, Gacy always vehemently denied he hated him.[8]When he was 6 years old, Gacy stole a toy truck from a neighborhood store. His mother made him walk back to the store, return the toy and apologize to the owners. His mother told his father, who beat Gacy with a belt as punishment. After this incident, Gacy's mother attempted to shield her son from his father's verbal and physical abuse,[9]yet this only succeeded in Gacy earning accusations from his father that he was a "sissy" and a "Mama's boy"[6]who would "probably grow up queer."
At the age of nine, Gacy was molestedby a family friend,[6]a contractor who would take Gacy for rides in his truck, then fondle him. Gacy never told his father about these incidents as he was afraid his father would blame him.
At school, where he was ordered to avoid all sports due to a heart condition, Gacy was an average student with few friends who was an occasional target for mockery and bullying by neighborhood children and classmates.[10]He was known to assist the school truant officer and volunteer to run errands for teachers and neighbors.[11]During the fourth grade, Gacy began to suffer blackouts. He was occasionally hospitalized due to these seizures, and also in 1957 for a burst appendix. Gacy later estimated that he spent almost a year in the hospital for these episodes between the ages of 14 and 18, and attributed the decline in his grades to his time out of school. His father suspected the episodes were an effort to gain sympathy; on one occasion he accused his son of faking even as the boy lay in a hospital bed.[12]
Gacy's medical condition was never conclusively diagnosed,[13]although his mother, sisters and few close friends themselves never doubted his illness. A friend of Gacy's named Richard Dalke recalled several instances in which Gacy Sr. ridiculed or beat his son without provocation: on one occasion in 1957, Gacy's father began shouting at his son for no reason, then began hitting him.[14]Gacy's mother attempted to remonstrate between her son and her husband. Dalke recalled Gacy simply "put up his hands to defend himself", adding that he never struck his father during these altercations.
At the age of 18, Gacy became involved in politics, working as an assistant precinct captain for a Democratic Partycandidate in his neighborhood. This decision earned more criticism from his father, who accused his son of being a "patsy".[15]Gacy himself later speculated the decision may have been an attempt to seek the acceptance from others that he never received from his father.
The same year Gacy became a Democratic Party candidate, his father bought him a car,[16]with the title of the vehicle being in his father's name until Gacy had completed the monthly repayments to his father. These repayments took several years to complete, and his father would confiscatethe keys to the vehicle if Gacy would not do as his father said. On one occasion in 1962, Gacy bought an extra set of keys after his father confiscated the original set of keys from him and used the extra set of keys to drive the vehicle. In response, his father removed the distributor cap from the vehicle, withholding the component for three days. Gacy recalled that as a result of this incident, he felt "totally sick; drained". When his father replaced the distributor cap, Gacy drove to Las Vegas, Nevada, where he found work within the ambulance service before he was transferred to work as a mortuary attendant. He worked in this role for three months before returning to Chicago.[17]
In his role as a mortuary attendant, Gacy slept in a cot behind the embalming room.[18]In this role, he observed morticians embalmingdead bodies and later confessed to the fact that on one evening while alone, he had clambered into the coffin of a deceased teenage male,[19]embracing and caressing the body before experiencing a sense of shock.
The sense of shock prompted Gacy to call his mother the next day and ask whether his father would allow him to return home.[20]His father agreed and the same day, Gacy drove back to live with his family in Chicago. Upon his return, despite the fact he had failed to graduate from high school, Gacy successfully enrolled in the Northwestern Business College[21]from which he graduated in 1963. Gacy subsequently undertook a management-trainee position within the Nunn-Bush Shoe Company.[22]
In 1964, the Nunn-Bush Shoe Company transferred Gacy to Springfield, Illinois, initially to work as a salesman,[17]although Gacy was subsequently promoted to manager of his department. In March of that year, he became engaged to Marlynn Myers, co-worker within the department he managed. After a nine-month courtship, the couple married in September 1964. Marlynn Myers' father subsequently purchased three Kentucky Fried Chickenrestaurants in Waterloo, Iowa, and he and his wife moved to Waterloo in order for him to manage the restaurants, with the understanding that Gacy and his wife would move into Marlynn's parents' home.[23]
During his courtship with Marlynn, Gacy joined the Jayceesand became a tireless worker for the organization; being named Key Man for the organization in April 1964. The same year, Gacy had his second homosexualexperience. According to Gacy, he acquiesced to this incident after a colleague of his within the Springfield Jaycees plied him with drinks, invited him to spend the evening upon his sofa, then performed oral sex upon him while he was drunk.[24]
By 1965, Gacy had risen to the position of vice-president of the Springfield Jaycees.[25]The same year, he was named as the third most outstanding Jaycee within the State of Illinois.[26]
Move to Iowa[edit]
In 1966, Gacy's father-in-law offered him the opportunity to manage the three Kentucky Fried Chicken restaurants he had purchased in Waterloo.[27]The offer was lucrative: $15,000 per year plus a share of profits. Gacy accepted the offer and, following his obligatory completion of a managerial course, he and his wife relocated to Waterloo in the autumn of that year.
In Waterloo, Gacy joined the local chapter of the Jaycees, regularly offering extensive hours to the organization in addition to the twelve- and fourteen-hour days he worked as a manager of three KFC restaurants. Although considered ambitious and somewhat of a braggart by his colleagues in the Jaycees, he was highly regarded as a tireless worker on several fund-raising projects. In 1967, he was named "outstanding vice-president" of the Waterloo Jaycees.[28]At Jaycee meetings, Gacy would often provide free fried chicken to his colleagues and insisted upon being given the nickname "Colonel" by his colleagues.[29]The same year, Gacy served on the Board of Directors for the Waterloo Jaycees.
Gacy's wife gave birth to two children during the time the couple lived in Iowa: a son named Michael was born in March 1967, followed by a daughter named Christine in October 1968. Gacy later described this period of his life as being "perfect".[30]His achievements in life earned him approval from his father, who told him during a 1967 visit, "Son, I was wrong about you."[30]
However, there was a seedier side of Jaycee life in Waterloo, one that involved wife swapping,[24]prostitution, pornographyand drugs. Gacy was deeply involved in many of these activities and regularly cheated on his wife.[31]He is also known to have opened a "club" in his basement, where he allowed employees to drink alcohol and play pool. Although he employed teenagers of both sexes at his restaurants, he socialized only with his male employees. Many were given alcohol before Gacy made sexual advances toward them, which he would dismiss as a joke if the teenager rebuffed his advances.[32]
First offenses[edit]
In August 1967, Gacy committed his first known sexual assault upon a teenage boy. The youth was a 15-year-old named Donald Voorhees, the son of a fellow Jaycee. Gacy lured the youth to his house upon the promise of showing Voorhees pornographic films.[33]Gacy plied Voorhees with alcohol and persuaded the youth to perform oral sex upon him. Several other youths were sexually abused over the following months, including one whom Gacy encouraged to sleep with his wife before blackmailingthe youth into performing oral sex upon him.[32]Several teenagers were tricked into believing Gacy was commissioned with carrying out homosexual experiments in the interests of "scientific research," for which the youths were each paid up to $50.[34]
In March 1968, Donald Voorhees reported to his father that Gacy had sexually assaulted him. Voorhees Sr. immediately informed the police and Gacy was arrested and subsequently charged with oral sodomy in relation to Voorhees and the attempted assault of a 16-year-old named Edward Lynch.[35]Gacy vehemently denied the charges and demanded to take a polygraph test. This request was granted, although the results indicated Gacy was lying when he denied any wrongdoing in relation to either Voorhees or Lynch.
Gacy publicly denied any wrongdoing and insisted the charges against him were politically motivated. (Voorhees Sr. had opposed Gacy's nomination for appointment as president of Iowa Jaycees.)[36]Several fellow Jaycees found Gacy's story credible and rallied to his support. However, on May 10, 1968, Gacy was indicted on the sodomy charge.


"The most striking aspect of the test results is the patient's total denial of responsibility for everything that has happened to him. He can produce an 'alibi' for everything. He presents himself as a victim of circumstances and blames other people who are out to get him ... the patient attempts to assure a sympathetic response by depicting himself as being at the mercy of a hostile environment."
Section of report detailing Gacy's 1968 psychiatric evaluation.[37]
On August 30, 1968, Gacy persuaded one of his employees, an 18-year-old named Russell Schroeder, to physically assaultDonald Voorhees in an effort to discourage the boy from testifying against him at his upcoming trial. The youth agreed to lure Voorhees to a secluded spot, spray Macein his face and beat the youth upon the promise that if he did so, he would be paid $300. In early September, Schroeder lured Voorhees to an isolated county park, sprayed the Mace supplied by Gacy into the youth's eyes, then beat him, all the while shouting that the youth was not to testify against Gacy at his upcoming trial.[38]
Voorhees immediately reported the assault to police, identifying Schroeder as his attacker, and the youth was arrested the following day. Despite initially denying any involvement, the youth confessed to having assaulted Voorhees, indicating that he had done so at Gacy's behest. Gacy was arrested and additionally charged in relation to hiring Schroeder to assault and intimidate Voorhees.[39]On September 3, Gacy was ordered to undergo a psychiatric evaluation at the Psychiatric Hospital of the State University of Iowa.[37]Two doctors examined Gacy over a period of 17 days and concluded he had antisocial personality disorder(ASPD), was unlikely to benefit from medical treatment, and his behavior pattern was likely to bring him into repeated conflict with society.[40]The doctors also concluded he was mentally competent to stand trial.
Conviction and imprisonment[edit]
Upon advice from his attorney, Gacy entered a plea of guilty to one count of sodomy in relation to the charges filed against him by Donald Voorhees. He pleaded not guilty to the other charges lodged against him by other youths at a formal arraignmentheld on November 7, 1968. Before the judge, Gacy contended that he and Voorhees had indeed engaged in sexual relations, yet he insisted Voorhees had offered his sexual services to him and that he had acted out of curiosity.[41]His story was not believed. Despite his lawyers' recommendations for parole, Gacy was convicted of sodomyon December 3, 1968,[41]and sentenced to 10 years at the Anamosa State Penitentiary.[42]The day Gacy was sentenced, his wife petitioned for divorce,[43]requesting possession of the couple's home, property and subsequent alimonypayments.[44]The Court ruled in her favor and the divorce was finalized in September 1969. Gacy never saw his first wife or children again.[45]


John Gacy's mug shot, taken in December 1968
Inside the Anamosa State Penitentiary, Gacy rapidly acquired a reputation as a model prisoner.[46]Within months of his arrival, he had risen to the position of head cook; Gacy also joined the inmate Jaycee chapter and increased their membership figure from 50 to 650 in the space of less than 18 months. He is also known to have both secured an increase in the inmates' daily pay in the prison mess hall[47]and to have actively supervised several projects to improve conditions for inmates at the prison. On one occasion, Gacy oversaw the installation of a miniature golfcourse in the prison's recreation yard.[48]
In June 1969, Gacy first applied to the State of Iowa Board of Parole for early release: this application was denied. In preparation for a second scheduled parole hearing in May 1970, Gacy completed 16 high school courses, for which he obtained his diploma in November 1969.[49]Gacy's father died from cirrhosisof the liveron Christmas Day1969.[49]Gacy was not told that his father had died until two days after his death. When he heard the news, Gacy broke down in tears and had to be supported by prison staff.[49]Gacy requested supervised compassionate leave from prison to attend his father's funeral, but his request was denied.[50]
Parole[edit]
Gacy was granted parole with 12 months' probation[51]on June 18, 1970, after serving 18 months[52]of his 10-year sentence.[53][54]Upon his release, Gacy announced to a friend who collected him from prison that he intended to re-establish himself in Waterloo. However, within 24 hours of his release, Gacy opted to relocate to Chicago to live with his mother.[52]He arrived in Chicago on June 19 and obtained a job as a short-order cookin a restaurant.[55]
On February 12, 1971, Gacy was charged with sexually assaulting a teenage boy.[56]The youth claimed that Gacy had lured him into his car at Chicago's Greyhoundbus terminal and had attempted to force him into sex. The complaint was subsequently dismissed when the youth failed to appear in court. The Iowa Board of Parole did not learn of this incident (which violated the conditions of his parole) and the records of Gacy's previous convictions were subsequently sealed: he was restored to full citizenship in October 1971.[57]Gacy hid his criminal recorduntil police began investigating him for his later murders.[58]
With financial assistance from his mother, Gacy bought a house in Norwood Park Township, an unincorporated areaof Cook County. The address, 8213 West Summerdale Avenue, would be where he resided until his arrest in 1978 and where all his known murders would be committed. In August 1971, shortly after Gacy and his mother moved into the house, he became engaged to Carole Hoff, a divorceewith two young daughters. Hoff, whom he had briefly dated in high school, had been a friend of his younger sister. His fiancée moved into his home soon after the couple announced their engagement and Gacy's mother subsequently moved out of the house shortly before his wedding, which was held on July 1, 1972.[59]
A week before Gacy's wedding, on June 22, 1972, he was again arrested and charged with batteryafter another young man complained to police that Gacy, impersonating a police officer, had flashed a sheriff's badge, lured him into his car, and forced him to perform oral sex upon him. These charges were dropped after this complainant attempted to blackmail Gacy into paying money in exchange for dropping the charges.[60]
Businessman and community volunteer[edit]
Following Gacy's marriage to Carole Hoff, his new wife and stepdaughters moved into the Summerdale Avenue house.[61]In 1972, Gacy quit his job as a cook and started his own construction business, PDM Contractors (PDM being the initials for 'Painting, Decorating and Maintenance').[62]The business initially undertook minor repair work, such as signwriting, pouring concrete and redecorating, but later expanded to include projects such as interior design, remodeling, installation, assembly and landscaping. By 1978, the gross of PDM's annual turnover was over $200,000.[63]
In 1973, Gacy and an employee of PDM Contractors traveled to Floridato view property Gacy had purchased. On the first night the two were alone in Florida, Gacy raped the youth in their hotel room.[64]As a result, this youth refused to stay in the same hotel room as Gacy and instead slept on a beach. Upon returning to Chicago, this employee drove to Gacy's house as Gacy was in his yard and beat him. Gacy's mother-in-law stopped the youth from further attacking Gacy and he drove away. Gacy explained to his wife that this attack happened because he had refused to pay the youth for poor quality work he had performed.


John Gacy with First Lady Rosalynn Carterin May 1978
To his neighbors in Norwood Park, Gacy became known as a gregarious, helpful individual: active in his local community and, from 1974, hosting annual summer parties.[65]He also became active in Democratic Party politics, initially offering the labor services of his PDM employees free of charge.[66]Gacy was rewarded for his community services by being appointed to serve upon the Norwood Park Township street lighting committee.[67]He subsequently earned the title of precinct captain.[68]In 1975, Gacy was appointed director of Chicago's annual Polish Constitution Day Parade— an annual event he was to supervise from 1975 until 1978. Through his work with the parade, Gacy met and was photographed with then First LadyRosalynn Carteron May 6, 1978.[69]Rosalynn Carter signed one photo: "To John Gacy. Best wishes. Rosalynn Carter".[70]The event later became an embarrassment to the United States Secret Service, as in the pictures taken Gacy can be seen wearing an "S" pin, indicating a person who has received a special clearance by the Secret Service.[71]
Through joining a local Moose Club, Gacy became aware of a "Jolly Joker" clown club whose members — dressed as clowns — would regularly perform at fundraising events and parades in addition to voluntarily entertaining hospitalized children.[72]By late 1975, Gacy had joined the Jolly Jokers and had created his own performance character, "Pogo the Clown."[66]Gacy designed his own costumes and taught himself how to apply clown makeup.[66]The sharp corners Gacy painted at the edges of his mouth are contrary to the rounded borders that professional clowns normally employ, so as not to scare children.[66]Gacy is known to have performed as Pogo at numerous local parties and charitable events, and although he often spoke of entertaining at children's hospitals, there is no evidence of his doing so.[66]Gacy is also known to have arrived, dressed in his clowning garb, at a favorite drinking venue named "The Good Luck Lounge" on several occasions with the explanation he had just performed as Pogo and was stopping for a social drink before heading home.[73]


Gacy as "Pogo the Clown"
By 1975, Gacy had openly admitted to his wife he was bisexual.[74]On May 11 (Mother's Day), after making love, he informed her they would never again have sex.[64]He began spending most evenings away from home only to return in the early hours of the morning with the excuse he had been working late.[75]His wife observed Gacy bringing teenage boys into his garage and also found gay pornographyinside the house.[76]The Gacys divorced by mutual consent in March 1976.[77]
Murders[edit]
On January 2, 1972, Gacy picked up 15-year-old Timothy Jack McCoy from Chicago's Greyhound bus terminal. Gacy took McCoy—who was traveling from Michigan to Omaha[78]—on a sightseeing tour of Chicago, and then drove him to his home with the promise that he could spend the night and be driven back to the station in time to catch his bus. Gacy later said that he awoke the following morning to find McCoy standing in his bedroom doorway with a kitchen knife in his hand.[79]Gacy leapt from his bed and McCoy raised both arms in a gesture of surrender, tilting the knife upwards and accidentally cutting Gacy's forearm(Gacy had the scar on his arm to support this claim).[80]Gacy twisted the knife from McCoy's wrist, banged his head against his bedroom wall, kicked him against his wardrobe and walked towards him. McCoy then kicked him in the stomach and Gacy grabbed the youth, wrestled him to the floor, then stabbed him repeatedly in the chest as he straddled him with his body.[74]Gacy claimed he then went to his kitchen and saw an opened carton of eggs and a slab of unsliced bacon on his kitchen table. McCoy had also set the table for two; he had walked into Gacy's room to wake him while absentmindedly carrying the kitchen knife in his hand.[81]Gacy subsequently buried McCoy in his crawl space and later covered the youth's grave with a layer of concrete.[82]
In an interview after his arrest, Gacy stated that immediately after killing McCoy, he felt "totally drained", yet noted that he had experienced orgasmas he killed the youth. In this 1980s interview, he added: "That's when I realized that death was the ultimate thrill."[81]
Gacy later stated that the second time he killed was around January 1974. The victim was an unidentified teenage youth with medium brown, curly hair estimated to be aged between 15 and 17 whom Gacy strangled[83]before stowing the youth's body in his closet prior to burial. Gacy later stated that fluid leaked out of this youth's mouth and nose as he was stored in his closet, staining his carpet.[84]As a result of this experience, Gacy later stated he regularly stuffed cloth rags or the victims' own underwear in their mouths to prevent a recurrence of this incident. This particular unidentified victim was buried about 15 feet (4.6 m) from the barbecue pit in Gacy's backyard.[85]
By 1975, Gacy's business was expanding rapidly; by his own later admission, he began working 12- and 16-hour days to fulfill agreed commitments upon an increasing number of contracts. Much of the labor workforce of PDM Contractors consisted of high school students and young men. One of these youths was a 15-year-old named Anthony Antonucci, whom Gacy had hired in May 1975. In July 1975, Gacy arrived at the youth's home while the youth was alone, having injured his foot at work the day prior. Gacy plied the youth with alcohol, wrestled him to the floor and cuffed Antonucci's hands behind his back.[86]The cuff upon Antonucci's right wrist was loose: Antonucci freed his arm from the handcuffafter Gacy left the room. When Gacy returned, Antonucci—a member of his high school wrestling team—pounced upon him. The youth wrestled Gacy to the floor, obtained possession of the handcuff key and cuffed Gacy's hands behind his back. Gacy screamed threats, then calmed down and promised to leave if Antonucci removed the handcuffs. The youth agreed and Gacy left the house.
Antonucci later recalled that Gacy had told him as he lay on the floor: "Not only are you the only one who got out of the cuffs; you got them on me."[87]
One week after the attempted assault on Antonucci, on July 29, 1975, another of Gacy's employees, 17-year-old John Butkovitch, disappeared. The day before his disappearance, Butkovitch had threatened Gacy over two weeks' outstanding back pay.[88]Gacy later admitted to luring Butkovitch to his home while his wife and stepchildren were visiting his sister in Arkansas,[88]ostensibly to settle the issue of Butkovitch's overdue wages. Gacy conned the youth into cuffing his wrists behind his back, then strangled him to death and buried his body under the concrete floor of his garage. Gacy later admitted to having "sat on the kid's chest for a while"[89]before killing him. Butkovitch's Dodgesedan was found abandoned in a parking lot with the youth's wallet inside and the keys still in the ignition.[90]Butkovitch's father called Gacy, who claimed he was happy to help search for the youth but was sorry Butkovitch had "run away." Gacy was questioned about Butkovitch's disappearance and admitted that the youth and two friends had arrived at his apartment demanding Butkovitch's overdue pay, but claimed all three youths had left after a compromise had been reached. Over the following three years, Butkovitch's parents called police more than 100 times,[91]urging them to investigate Gacy further.[92]


Victims Darrell Sampson (left) and Gregory Godzik (right). Sampson was found buried beneath Gacy's dining room floor. Godzik was buried in the crawl space.
Following a heated argument regarding her failing to correctly balance a PDM Contractors checkbook in October 1975,[93]Carole Gacy asked her husband for a divorce. Gacy agreed to his wife's request although by mutual consent, Carole continued to live at 8213 West Summerdale until February 1976, when she and her daughters moved into their own apartment. One month later, the Gacys' divorce was finalized.[94]
Within one month of his divorce, Gacy had abducted and murdered an 18-year-old youth named Darrell Sampson. Sampson was last seen alive in Chicago on April 6, 1976. Five weeks later, on the afternoon of May 14, a 15-year-old named Randall Reffett disappeared while walking home from Senn High School; the youth was gagged with a cloth and strangled.[95]Hours after Reffett had been abducted, a 14-year-old named Samuel Stapleton vanished as he walked to his home from his sister's apartment.[94]Both youths were buried in the same grave in the crawl space.
On June 3, 1976, Gacy killed a 17-year-old Lakeviewyouth named Michael Bonnin. Bonnin was strangled with a ligatureand buried in the crawl space.[95]Ten days later, a 16-year-old Uptownyouth named William Carroll was murdered and buried directly beneath Gacy's kitchen. Carroll may have been the first of four youths known to have been murdered between June 13 and August 6, 1976, and who were buried in a common gravelocated beneath Gacy's kitchen and laundry room.[96](This common grave also held the body of a fifth youth estimated to have been killed after this date.) The two identified youths killed between June 13 and August 6 were aged 16 and 17 years old; the two unidentified youths are respectively estimated to have been aged between 15 and 19 and 22 and 30 years old. The first of these two unidentified youths known to have been murdered between these dates is a youth with medium dark brown hair estimated to have been aged between 22 and 30 years old and between 5 ft 1 in (1.55 m) and 5 ft 6 in (1.68 m) tall. This youth is also known to have had two missing upper front teeth at the time of his disappearance,[97]leading investigators to believe this particular victim most likely wore a denture. All that is known about the second unknown youth known to have been murdered between these dates is that he had dark brown hair, was estimated to have been aged between 15 and 19 years old and that he was strangled to death.
On July 26, 1976, Gacy employed an 18-year-old named David Cram. On August 21,[98]Cram moved into his house. The following day, Gacy conned the youth into donning handcuffs while the youth was inebriated. Gacy swung Cram around while holding the chain linking the cuffs, then informed the youth that he intended to rape him. Cram, who had spent a year in the Army, kicked Gacy in the face, then freed himself from the handcuffs as Gacy lay prone. One month later, Gacy appeared at Cram's bedroom door with the intention to rape the youth and said: "Dave, you really don't know who I am. Maybe it would be good if you give me what I want."[99]Cram resisted Gacy's attempts to assault him and Gacy left his bedroom. After this incident, Cram moved out of Gacy's home and subsequently left PDM Contractors.
Two further unidentified youths are estimated to have been killed between August and October 1976. One of these youths was buried directly above the body of William Carroll, who had been murdered on June 13, yet higher than the body of a 17-year-old Bensenvilleyouth named Rick Johnston, who was last seen on August 6. This particular unidentified youth is estimated to have been aged between 21 and 27 years old and sequential burial patterns of victims within the crawl space, plus the circumstancial fact that Cram had not lived with Gacy between the dates of August 6 and August 20, leave a possible date of between August 6 and August 20, 1976 as the time this particular youth was murdered. The second unidentified youth likely to have been murdered between August and October 1976 is a youth with dark brown hair aged between 19 and 21 years old, who is known to have suffered from an abscessed toothat the time of his murder.[100]This youth was buried in the northeast corner of the crawl space. Subsequent recollections by an employee of PDM Contractors of a trench Gacy had ordered him to dig on or before October 5, 1976, being the location where this particular victim was buried suggest a date between August and October 5, 1976, as being when this youth was murdered.[101]
On October 24, 1976, Gacy abducted and killed two teenage friends named Kenneth Parker and Michael Marino:[102]the two youths were last seen outside a restaurant on Clark Street. Both youths were strangled and buried in the same grave in the crawl space. Two days later, a 19-year-old employee of PDM Contractors named William Bundy disappeared after informing his family he was to attend a party. Bundy was also strangled and buried in the crawl space, buried directly beneath Gacy's master bedroom.
In December 1976, another PDM employee, 17-year-old Gregory Godzik, disappeared: he was last seen by his girlfriend outside her house having driven her home following a date.[103]Godzik had worked for PDM for only three weeks before he disappeared. In the time he had worked for Gacy, he had informed his family Gacy had had him "dig trenches for some kind of (drain) tiles" in his crawl space.[104]Godzik's car was later found abandoned in Niles. His parents and older sister, Eugenia, contacted Gacy about Greg's disappearance. Gacy claimed to the family that Greg had run away from home, having indicated to Gacy before his disappearance that he wished to do so. Gacy also claimed to have received a recorded answering machinemessage from Godzik shortly after the youth had disappeared. When asked if he could play back the message to Godzik's parents, Gacy stated that he had erased it.[104][105]
A month later, on January 20, 1977, John Szyc, a 19-year-old acquaintance of Butkovich, Godzik and Gacy, disappeared. Szyc was lured to Gacy's house on the pretext of selling his Plymouth Satelliteto Gacy. He was buried in Gacy's crawl space directly above the body of Godzik.[106]A ring worn by Szyc, which bore his initials, was retained in a dresser in Gacy's master bedroom.[107]Gacy also kept Szyc's portable MotorolaTV in his bedroom and later sold the youth's car to another of his employees, 18-year-old Michael Rossi.
Between December 1976 and March 1977, Gacy is known to have killed an unidentified young man estimated to be around 25 years old.[108]His body was buried in the crawl space beneath the body of a 20-year-old named Jon Prestidge, a Michigan youth visiting friends in Chicago whom Gacy killed on March 15. After the murder of Prestidge, Gacy is believed to have murdered one further unidentified youth exhumed from his crawl space, although the timing of this particular youth's murder is inconclusive. The youth was buried parallel to the wall of Gacy's crawl space directly beneath the entrance to his home. The two victims murdered on the same day in May 1976 were buried alongside this youth, yet sequential burial patterns of three victims murdered in 1977 leave an equal possibility this particular victim may have been murdered in the spring or summer of 1977. All that is known about this youth is that he was aged between 17 and 21 years old and that he had suffered a fractured left collarbonebefore his disappearance.
In March 1977, Gacy was hired as a construction supervisor for PE Systems, a firm which specialized in the nationwide remodeling of drugstores. As a result of this contract, Gacy regularly traveled to other states to supervise construction projects and he later stated that, through both businesses (PDM Contractors and PE Systems), almost 80 buildings were successfully remodeled in 1977 alone. In April 1977,[109]Gacy became temporarily engaged to a woman he had been dating for three months, and his fiancée moved into his house. By mutual agreement, the engagement was called off in June of that year and his fiancée moved out of his home.[110]The following month, Gacy killed a 19-year-old Crystal Lakeyouth named Matthew Bowman. He was buried in the crawl space with the tourniquet used to strangle him still knotted around his neck.[111]
In August 1977, a clue emerged to the disappearance of John Szyc. Michael Rossi, who had bought Szyc's car from Gacy, was arrested for stealing gasoline from a service station while driving the car. The attendant noted the license plate number and police traced the car to Gacy's house. (Rossi lived with Gacy at this point and had worked for PDM Contractors since May 1976.)[112]When questioned, Gacy told officers that Szyc had sold the car to him in February with the explanation that he needed money to leave town. The police did not pursue the matter further,[113]although they did inform Szyc's mother that her son had sold his car to Gacy.[114]
Throughout the autumn and winter of 1977, Gacy began dating Carole Hoff[115]in the hope of a reconciliation. (Carole became engaged to another man the following year.) By the end of 1977, Gacy is also known to have murdered a further six young men between the ages of 16 and 21. The first of these six victims, 18-year-old Robert Gilroy, was last seen alive on September 15. Gilroy—the son of a Chicago Police Sergeant[116]—was suffocatedand buried in the crawl space. On September 12, Gacy had flown to Pittsburghto supervise a remodeling project and did not return to Chicago until September 16.[117]As Gacy is known to have been in another state at the time the youth was last seen, it is possible that Gacy's subsequent claims that he had not acted alone in some murders may have held credence. Ten days after Gilroy was last seen, a 19-year-old U.S. Marinenamed John Mowery disappeared after leaving his mother's house to walk to his own apartment. Mowery was strangled to death and buried in the northwest corner of the crawl space perpendicular to the body of William Bundy.
On October 17, a 21-year-old Minnesotayouth named Russell Nelson disappeared: he was last seen outside a Chicago bar. Nelson died of suffocation and was also buried in the crawl space. Less than four weeks later, a 16-year-old Kalamazooyouth named Robert Winch was murdered and buried in the crawl space, and on November 18, a 20-year-old father-of-one named Tommy Boling disappeared after leaving a Chicago bar. Both Winch and Boling were strangled to death[118]and both youths were buried in the crawl space directly beneath the hallway.
Three weeks after the murder of Tommy Boling, on December 9, a 19-year-old U.S. Marine named David Talsma disappeared after informing his mother he was to attend a rock concert in Hammond.[119]Talsma was strangled with a ligature and buried in the crawl space.[120]
On December 30, 1977, Gacy abducted a 19-year-old student named Robert Donnelly from a Chicago bus stop at gunpoint.[121]Gacy drove Donnelly home with him, raped him, tortured him with various devices, and repeatedly dunked his head into a bathtub filled with water until he passed out, then revived him. Donnelly later testified at Gacy's trial that he was in such pain that he asked Gacy to kill him to "get it over with,"[122]to which Gacy replied: "I'm getting round to it." After several hours of assaulting and torturing the youth, Gacy drove Donnelly to his place of work, removed the handcuffs from the youth's wrists, and released him. Donnelly reported the assault and Gacy was questioned about it on January 6, 1978. Gacy admitted to having had "slave-sex" with Donnelly, but insisted everything was consensual. The police believed him and no charges were filed.[123]The following month, Gacy killed a 19-year-old youth named William Kindred, who disappeared on February 16, 1978, after telling his fiancée he was to spend the evening in a bar.[124]Kindred was the final victim to be buried in Gacy's crawl space,[125][126]and Gacy began disposing of his victims in the Des Plaines River.
In March 1978, Gacy lured a 26-year-old named Jeffrey Rignall into his car. Upon entering the car, the young man was chloroformedand driven to the house on Summerdale, where he was raped, tortured with various instruments including lit candles, and repeatedly chloroformed into unconsciousness.[127]Rignall was then driven to Lincoln Park, where he was dumped, unconscious but alive. Eventually he managed to stagger to his girlfriend's apartment. Rignall was later informed the chloroform had permanently damaged his liver. Police were again informed of the assault, but did not investigate Gacy. Rignall remembered, through the chloroform haze of that night, Gacy's black Oldsmobile, the Kennedy Expresswayand particular side streets. He staked out the exit on the Expressway where he knew he had been driven until—in April[128]—he saw Gacy's distinctive black Oldsmobile, which Rignall and his friends followed to 8213 West Summerdale. Police issued an arrest warrant,[129]and Gacy was arrested on July 15. He was facing an impending trial for a battery charge for the Rignall incident when he was arrested in December for the murders.[130]
Gacy later confessed to police that he had thrown five bodies off the I-55 bridge into the Des Plaines River in 1978, one of which he believed had landed upon a passing barge,[131]although only four of these five bodies were ever found. The first known victim thrown from the I-55 bridge into the Des Plaines River, 20-year-old Timothy O'Rourke, was killed in mid-June and found 6 miles (10 km) downstream on June 30. Four months later, on November 4, Gacy killed a 19-year-old named Frank Landingin. His body was found in the Des Plaines River on November 12. Three weeks after the murder of Landingin, on November 24, a 20-year-old Elmwood Parkyouth named James Mazzara disappeared after sharing Thanksgiving dinner with his family; his body was found on December 28. The cause of death in the case of Landingin was certified as suffocation due to the youth's own underwear being lodged down his throat. Mazzara had been strangled with a ligature.[132]
Investigation[edit]


Robert Piest, 15, murdered on December 11, 1978.
On December 11, 1978, John Gacy visited a Des Plainespharmacy to discuss a potential remodeling deal with Phil Torf, the owner of the store. While discussing the potential deal with Torf, Gacy was heard mentioning that his firm hired teenage boys while he was within earshot of a 15-year-old employee named Robert Jerome Piest.[133]
After Gacy left the store, Piest told his mother that "some contractor wants to talk to me about a job." Piest left the store, promising to return shortly.[134]When Piest failed to return, his family filed a missing personreport on their son with the Des Plaines Police. The owner of the pharmacy named Gacy as the contractor Piest had most likely left the store to talk with.
Gacy denied talking to Piest when Des Plaines police visited his home the following evening,[135]indicating he had seen two youths working at the pharmacy and that he had asked one of them—whom he believed to be Piest—whether any remodeling materials were present in the rear of the store. He was adamant, however, that he had not offered Piest a job and promised to come to the station later that evening to make a statement confirming this, indicating he was unable to do so at that moment as his uncle had just died. At 3:30 a.m., Gacy, covered in mud, arrived at the police station, claiming he had been involved in a car accident.[136]
Upon returning to the police station later that day, Gacy flatly denied any involvement in the disappearance of Robert Piest and repeated that he had not offered the youth a job. When asked why he had returned to the pharmacy at 8 p.m. on December 11, Gacy claimed he had done so in response to a phone call from Phil Torf informing him he had left his appointment book at the store. Detectives had already spoken with Torf, who had stated he had placed no such call to Gacy.[137]At the request of detectives, Gacy prepared a written statement detailing his movements on December 11.
Des Plaines police were convinced Gacy was behind Piest's disappearance and checked Gacy's record, discovering that he had an outstanding battery charge against him in Chicago and had served a prison sentence in Iowa for sodomy.[138]A search of Gacy's house on December 13, ordered by a judge at the request of detectives, turned up several suspicious items: a 1975 high school class ringengraved with the initials J.A.S., various driver's licenses, handcuffs, a two-by-fourwith holes drilled in the ends, books on homosexuality and pederasty,[139]a syringe, clothing too small for Gacy, a 6mm Brevettata starter pistoland a photo receipt from the pharmacy where Robert Piest worked. Police decided to confiscate Gacy's Oldsmobile, along with other PDM vehicles and assign two two-man surveillanceteams to follow Gacy, while they continued their investigation of Gacy regarding Piest's disappearance.[140]
The following day, investigators received a phone call from Michael Rossi, who informed the investigators both of Gregory Godzik's disappearance[141]and the fact another PDM employee, Charles Hattula, had been found drowned in an Illinois river the previous year.
On December 15, Des Plaines investigators obtained further details upon Gacy's battery charge, learning the complainant, Jeffrey Rignall, had reported that Gacy had lured him into his car, chloroformed him, raped him and dumped him, while he was suffering severe chest and facial burns and rectal bleeding, in Lincoln Park the following morning. In an interview with Gacy's former wife the same day, they learned of the disappearance of John Butkovich.[142]The same day, the Maine West High School ring was traced to a John A. Szyc.[143]In an interview with Szyc's mother the same day, she informed officers of the January 1977 disappearance of her son and that several items from his apartment were also missing, including a Motorola TV set. She added that investigators had informed her the month following his disappearance that her son had apparently sold his Plymouth Satellite to a John Gacy. Investigators noted that one of Gacy's employees, Michael Rossi, drove a similar car to Szyc's: A check of the VINconfirmed the car driven by Rossi had belonged to Szyc.
By December 16, Gacy was becoming affable with the surveillance detectives, regularly inviting them to join him for meals in various restaurants and occasionally for drinks in bars or his home. He repeatedly denied that he had anything to do with Piest's disappearance and accused the officers of harassing him because of his political connections or because of his use of recreational drugs. Knowing these officers were unlikely to arrest him on anything trivial, he openly taunted them by flouting traffic laws and succeeded in losing his pursuers on more than one occasion.
On December 17, investigators conducted a formal interview of Michael Rossi, who informed them Gacy had sold Szyc's vehicle to him with the explanation that he had bought the car from Szyc because the youth needed money to move to California. A further examination of Gacy's Oldsmobile was conducted on this date. In the course of examining the trunk of the car, the investigators discovered a small cluster of fibers which may have been human hair. These fibers were sent for further analysis. That evening, officers conducted a test using three trained German shepherdsearch dogsto determine whether Piest had been present in any of Gacy's vehicles.[144]The dogs were allowed to examine each of Gacy's vehicles, whereupon one dog approached Gacy's Oldsmobile and lay upon the passenger seat in what the dog's handler informed investigators was a "death reaction," indicating the body of Robert Piest had been present in this vehicle.
That evening, Gacy invited two of the surveillance detectives to a restaurant for a meal. In the early hours of December 18, he invited the same officers into another restaurant where, over breakfast, he talked of his business, his marriages and his activities as a registered clown. At one point during this conversation, Gacy remarked to one of the two surveillance detectives: "You know… clowns can get away with murder."[145][146]
By December 18, Gacy was beginning to show visible signs of strain as a result of the constant surveillance: he was unshaven, looked tired, appeared anxious and was drinking heavily. That afternoon, he drove to his lawyers' office to prepare a $750,000 civil suitagainst the Des Plaines police,[147]demanding the police surveillance cease. The same day, the serial number of the Nisson Pharmacy photo receipt found in Gacy's kitchen was traced to a Kim Byers, a colleague of Piest at Nisson Pharmacy, who admitted when contacted in person the following day that she had worn the jacket and had placed the receipt in his parkapocket just before she gave the parka to Piest as he left the store to talk with a contractor.[148]This revelation contradicted Gacy's previous statements that he had had no contact with Robert Piest on the evening of December 11: the presence of the receipt indicated that Gacy must have been in contact with Robert Piest after the youth had left the Nisson Pharmacy on December 11.
The same evening, Michael Rossi was interviewed a second time: on this occasion, Rossi was more cooperative, informing detectives that in the summer of 1977, Gacy had had him spread ten bags of limein the crawl space of the house.[149]
On December 19, investigators began compiling evidence for a second search warrant of Gacy's house. The same day, Gacy's lawyers filed the civil suit against the Des Plaines police. The hearing of the suit was scheduled for December 22. That afternoon, Gacy invited two of the surveillance detectives inside his house. On this occasion, as one officer distracted Gacy with conversation, another officer walked into Gacy's bedroom in an unsuccessful attempt to write down the serial number of the Motorola TV set they suspected belonged to John Szyc. While flushing Gacy's toilet, this officer noticed a smell he suspected could be that of rotting corpses emanating from a heating duct; the officers who previously searched Gacy's house failed to notice this as on that occasion the house had been cold.[140]
Both David Cram and Michael Rossi were interviewed by investigators on December 20. Rossi had agreed to be interviewed in relation to his possible links with John Szyc (whose vehicle investigators had established he drove) as well as the disappearance of Robert Piest. When questioned by Detective Joseph Kozenczak as to where he believed Gacy had placed Piest's body, Rossi replied: "In the crawl space; he could have put him in the crawl space."[150]A polygraph test conducted upon the youth showed his responses to questions to be inconclusive; however, upon his agreeing to a subsequent visual test in which a map of Cook County was divided into 12 grid sectionsnumbered 1 to 12, with Gacy's home marked in the fourth grid section, Kozenczak noted an extreme response in Rossi's blood pressurewhen asked: "Is the body of Robert Piest buried in grid number 4?"[151]Upon hearing this question, Rossi refused to continue the polygraph questioning, although he did discuss further his digging trenches in the crawl space and remarked upon Gacy's insistence that he not deviate from where he was instructed to dig.
Cram himself informed investigators of Gacy's attempts to rape him in 1976 and stated that after he and Gacy had returned to his home after the December 13 search of his property, Gacy had turned pale upon noting a clot of mud on his carpet which he suspected had come from his crawl space. Cram then stated Gacy had grabbed a flashlight and immediately entered the crawl space to look for evidence of digging. When asked whether he had been to the crawl space, Cram replied he had been asked by Gacy to spread lime down there and also dug trenches upon Gacy's behest with the explanation they were for plumbing.[149]Cram stated these trenches were two feet wide, six feet long and two feet deep—the size of graves.
On the evening of December 20, Gacy drove to his lawyers' office in Park Ridgeto attend a pre-scheduled meeting he had arranged with them, ostensibly to discuss the progress of his civil suit. Upon his arrival, Gacy appeared disheveled and immediately asked for an alcoholic drink, whereupon Sam Amirante fetched a bottle of whiskey from his car. Upon his return, Amirante asked Gacy what he had to discuss with them. Gacy picked up a copy of the Daily Heraldfrom Amirante's desk; he pointed to a front page article covering the disappearance of Robert Piest and informed his lawyers "This boy is dead. He's in a river."
Over the following hours, Gacy gave a rambling confession which ran into the early hours of the following morning. He began by informing Amirante and Stevens he had "been the judge ... jury and executioner of many, many people,"[152]most of whom he stated were buried in his crawl space, and others in the Des Plaines River. Some victims he referred to by name; most he dismissed as "male prostitutes", "hustlers" and "liars" whom he would give "the rope trick". On other occasions, he stated he would wake up to find "dead, strangled kids" on his floor. In reference to Robert Piest, Gacy harked that as he placed the tourniquet around his neck, that Piest was "crying, scared."[153]As a result of the alcohol he had consumed, Gacy fell asleep midway through his confession and Amirante immediately arranged a psychiatric appointment for Gacy at 9 a.m. that morning. Upon awakening several hours later, Gacy simply shook his head when informed by Amirante he had earlier confessed to killing approximately 30 people, stating: "Well, I can't think about this right now. I've got things to do."[154]Ignoring his lawyers' advice regarding his scheduled appointment, Gacy left their office to attend to the needs of his business.


The crawl space at 8213 Summerdale. Twenty-six victims were found buried in this location.
41.97619°N 87.832421°W
Gacy later recollected his memories of his final day of freedom as being "hazy," adding that he knew his arrest was inevitable and that, in his final hours of freedom, he intended to visit his friends and say his final farewells.[155]Upon leaving his lawyers' office, Gacy drove to a Shell gas station where, in the course of filling his rental car, he handed a small bag of marijuanato the attendant, a youth named Lance Jacobson. Jacobson immediately handed the bag to the surveillance officers, adding that Gacy had told him "The end is coming (for me). These guys are going to kill me." Gacy then drove to the home of a fellow contractor, Ronald Rhode. Inside Rhode's living room, Gacy hugged Rhode before bursting into tears and saying: "I killed thirty people, give or take a few." Gacy then left Rhode's home to meet with Michael Rossi and David Cram. As he drove along the expressway, the surveillance officers noted he was holding a rosaryto his chin as he prayed while driving.[156]
After talking with Cram and Rossi at Cram's home, Gacy had Cram drive him to a scheduled meeting with Leroy Stevens. As he spoke with his lawyer, Cram informed the officers that Gacy had earlier divulged to both himself and Rossi that the previous evening, he had confessed to his lawyers his guilt in over thirty murders. Upon concluding his meeting with his lawyer, Gacy had Cram drive him to Maryhill Cemetery, where his father was buried.
As Gacy drove to various locations that morning, police outlined their formal draft of their second search warrant. The purpose of the warrant was specifically to search for the body of Robert Piest in the crawl space. Upon hearing radioed reports from the surveillance detectives that, in light of his erratic behavior, Gacy might be about to commit suicide, police decided to arrest him upon a charge of possession and distribution of marijuana[157]in order to hold him in custody as the formal request for a second search warrant was presented. At 4:30 on the afternoon of December 21, the eve of the hearing of Gacy's civil suit, the request for a second search warrant was granted by Judge Marvin J. Peters.
Armed with the signed search warrant, police and evidence technicians quickly drove to Gacy's home. Upon their arrival, officers found that Gacy had unplugged his sump pumpand that the crawl space was flooded with water; to clear the water they simply replaced the plug and waited for the water to drain. After it had done so, an evidence technician named Daniel Genty entered the crawl space and crawled to the southwest area of the crawl space and began digging. Within minutes, he had uncovered putrefied flesh and a human arm bone. Genty immediately shouted to the investigators that they could charge Gacy with murder.[158]
Arrest and confession[edit]
After being informed that police had found human remains in his crawl space and that he would now face murder charges, Gacy told officers he wanted to "clear the air,"[159]adding that he knew his arrest was inevitable since he had spent the previous evening on the couch in his lawyers' office.
In the early hours of December 22, 1978, Gacy confessed to police that since 1972, he had committed approximately 25 to 30 murders, all of whom he falsely claimed were teenage male runawaysor male prostitutes,[160]whom he would typically abduct from Chicago's Greyhound Bus station, from Bughouse Squareor simply off the streets. The victims would often be grabbed by force or conned into believing Gacy—often carrying a sheriff's badge and placing spotlights on his black Oldsmobile—was a policeman[161]and would be lured to his house with either the promise of a job with his construction company or with an offer of money for sex.
Once back at Gacy's house, the victims would be handcuffed or otherwise bound, then choked with a rope or a board as they were sexually assaulted. Gacy would often stick clothing in the victims' mouths to muffle their screams. Many of his victims had been strangled with a tourniquet, which Gacy referred to as his "rope trick." Occasionally, the victim had convulsedfor an "hour or two" after the rope trick before dying. When asked where he drew the inspiration for the two-by-four found at his house in which he had manacledmany of his victims, Gacy stated he had been inspired to construct the device from reading about the Houston Mass Murders.[162]
The victims were usually lured alone to his house, although on approximately three occasions,[160]Gacy had what he called "doubles"—occasions wherein he killed two victims on the same evening. After death, the victims' bodies would typically be stored beneath his bed for up to 24 hours before burial in the crawl space. When asked why several bodies were found with plastic bags over their heads or upper torsos, Gacy stated he would cover the victim's head or upper torso with a plastic bag if he noted bleeding from the nose or mouth.
Most victims were buried in Gacy's crawl space where, periodically, he would pour quicklimeto hasten the decomposition of the bodies.[163]Gacy stated he had lost count of the number of victims buried in his crawl space and had initially considered stowing bodies in his attic before opting to dispose of his victims off the I-55bridge into the Des Plaines River.[164]Thus the final five victims—all killed in 1978—were disposed of in this manner because his crawl space was full.[46][165]When asked about Robert Piest, Gacy confessed to strangling the youth at his house that evening, adding that he had been interrupted by a phone call from a business colleague while doing so; he also admitted to having disposed of Piest's body in the Des Plaines river and stated that the reason he had arrived at the Des Plaines police station in a disheveled manner in the early hours of December 13 was that he had been in a minor traffic accident after disposing of Piest's body en route to his appointment with Des Plaines officers.[166]He also confessed to police he had buried the body of John Butkovitch in his garage.[167]To assist officers in their search for the victims buried in his house, Gacy drew a diagram of his basement to show where the bodies were buried.[168]
Search for victims[edit]
Accompanied by police, Gacy returned to his house on December 22 and showed police the location in his garage where he had buried Butkovitch's body, then police drove to the spot on the I-55 bridge from which he had thrown the body of Piest and four other victims (although only four of the five victims Gacy claimed to have disposed of in this way were ever recovered from the Des Plaines River).
Between December 22 and December 29, 1978, 27 bodies were recovered from Gacy's property,[169]26 of which were found buried in his crawl space,[170]with one additional victim, John Butkovitch, being found buried beneath the concrete floor of his garage precisely where Gacy had marked the youth's grave with a can of spray paint. Following a temporary postponement of the excavations imposed in January 1979 due to a severe winter snowfall in Chicago, excavations of the property resumed in March—despite Gacy's insistence to investigators that all the victims' bodies buried upon his property had been found.
On March 9, the body of a 28th victim was found buried in a pit close to a barbecue grillin the backyard of the property: the victim was found wrapped within several plastic bags and wore a ring on the wedding finger of his left hand, indicating the possibility he had been married.[171]One week later, on March 16, the skeletal remains of another victim were found buried beneath the joistsof the dining room floor,[172]bringing the total number of bodies exhumed at 8213 West Summerdale Avenue to 29.[172]In April 1979, Gacy's vacant house was demolished.
Three additional bodies, which had been found in the nearby Des Plaines River between June and December 1978, were also confirmed to have been victims of Gacy.
Several of the bodies were found with the ligature used to strangle them still knotted around their necks. In other instances, cloth gags were found lodged deep down the victims' throats, leading the investigators to conclude that 13 of Gacy's victims died not of strangulation, but of asphyxiation.[63]In some cases, bodies were found with foreign objects such as prescription bottles lodged into their pelvic region, the position of which indicated the items had been thrust into the victims' anus.[173]Some victims were identified due to their known connection to Gacy through PDM Contractors;[174]others were identified due to their personal artifactsbeing found at 8213 Summerdale: one victim, 17-year-old Michael Bonnin, who had disappeared June 3, 1976, while traveling from Chicago to Waukegan,[175]was identified because his fishing license was found at Gacy's home;[176]another youth, Timothy O'Rourke, was last heard mentioning that a contractor had offered him a job.[125]Of Gacy's identified victims, the youngest were Samuel Dodd Stapleton and Michael Marino, both 14 years old; the oldest were Russell Nelson and James Mazzara, both 21 years old. Seven of the victims have never been identified.
On April 9, 1979, a body was discovered entangled in exposed roots on the edge of the Des Plaines River in Grundy County.[177]The body was identified via dental recordsas being that of Robert Piest. A subsequent autopsyrevealed that "paper-like material" had been shoved down his throat while he was alive.[178]
Trial[edit]
John Gacy was brought to trial on February 6, 1980, charged with 33 murders.[179]He was tried in Cook County, Illinois, before Judge Louis Garippo; the jury was selectedfrom Rockford, Illinois, due to saturation of press coverage in Cook County.[180]
In the year before his trial, at the request of his defense counsel, Gacy spent over 300 hours with the doctors at the Menard Correctional Centerundergoing a variety of psychological tests[181]before a panel of psychiatrists to determine whether he was mentally competent to stand trial.
Gacy had attempted to convince the doctors he was suffering from a multiple personality disorder.[182]His lawyers, however, opted to plead not guilty by reason of insanityto the charges against him, and produced several psychiatric experts who had examined Gacy the previous year to testify to their findings.[183]Three psychiatric experts appearing for the defense at Gacy's trial testified they found Gacy to be a paranoid schizophrenicwho suffered from a multiple personality disorder.
The prosecution's case was that Gacy was sane and fully in control of his actions.[172]The prosecution produced several witnesses to testify to the premeditationof his actions and the efforts he went to in order to escape detection, plus doctors who refuted the defense doctors' claims of multiple personality and insanity. Two witnesses who testified were PDM employees, who confessed Gacy had made them dig trenches in his crawl space. One of these employees, Michael Rossi, testified that in August 1977,[184]Gacy had marked a location in the crawl space with sticks and told him to dig a drainagetrench.
When asked where in the crawl space he had dug, Rossi turned to a diagram of Gacy's home on display in the courtroom. The diagram showed where the bodies were found in the crawl space and elsewhere on the property, and pointed to the location of the remains of an unidentified victim known as "Body 13".[185]Rossi stated he had not dug any other trenches, but—at Gacy's request—had supervised other PDM employees digging trenches in the crawl space.
Rossi also testified that Gacy would periodically look into the crawl space to ensure employees did not deviate from the precise locations he had marked.[186]Gacy had testified after his arrest that he had only dug five of the victims' graves in his crawl space[187]and had had employees (including Gregory Godzik) dig the remaining trenches so that he would "have graves available".[188]


William Kunkle, prosecutor at Gacy's trial, standing before a board depicting the 22 victims identified by February 1980
On February 18, Dr. Robert Stein, the Cook County medical examiner appointed to supervise the exhumation of the victims' bodies from Gacy's home, testified as to how he and his colleagues had conducted the recovery of the remains. Stein testified that the excavation was conducted in an "archeological fashion," adding that all the bodies recovered were "markedly decomposed, putrefied, skeletalized remains."[189]In relation to the cause of death of each victim upon which he had later performed an autopsy, Stein stated he had concluded that thirteen victims had died of asphyxiation; six had died of ligature strangulation and one victim of multiple stab wounds to the chest.[190]In ten cases, Stein testified that the cause of death could not be determined, although all were ruled as homicides.
Upon cross-examination, Gacy's defense team attempted to raise the possibility that all 33 murders were accidental erotic asphyxiadeaths: Dr. Stein countered this assertionwith evidence that Gacy's claim was impossible.[191]
On February 29, one of the youths Gacy had sexually assaulted in 1967, Donald Voorhees, testified to his ordeal at Gacy's hands, and that Gacy had subsequently paid another youth to beat him and spray Mace in his face so he would not testify against him.[192]The youth felt unable to testify, but did briefly attempt to do so, before being asked to step down.[192]
Robert Donnelly testified the week after Voorhees, recounting his ordeal at Gacy's hands in December 1977. Donnelly was visibly distressed as he recollected the abuse he endured at Gacy's hands and came close to breaking down on several occasions. As the youth testified, Gacy repeatedly laughed at Donnelly's expense,[193]but the youth finished his testimony. One of Gacy's defense attorneys, Robert Motta, during Donnelly's cross-examination attempted to discredit his testimony, but Donnelly did not waver from his testimony of what had occurred.[194]
During the fifth week of the trial, Gacy wrote a personal letter to Judge Garippo requesting a mistrial[195]on a number of bases, including that he did not approve his lawyers' insanity plea approach; that his lawyers had not allowed him to take the witness stand (as he had desired to do); that his defense had not called enough witnesses, and that the police were lying about statements he had purportedly made to detectives after his arrest and that, in any event, the statements were "self-serving" for use by the prosecution.[196]Judge Garippo addressed Gacy's letter by informing him that under the law he had the choice as to whether he wished to testify, and he was free to indicate to the Judge if he wished to do so.
On March 11, final arguments from both prosecution and defense attorneys began (these arguments concluded the following day). Prosecuting attorney Terry Sullivan argued first, outlining Gacy's history of abusing youths, the testimony of his efforts to avoid detection and describing Gacy's surviving victims—Voorhees and Donnelly—as "living dead."[197]
After the state's four-hour closing, counsel Sam Amirante and Robert Motta argued for the defense. Motta and Amirante argued against the testimony delivered by the doctors who had testified for the prosecution. The defense lawyers attempted to portray Gacy as a "man driven by compulsions he was unable to control."[198]In support of these arguments, the defense counsel repeatedly referred to the testimony of the doctors who had appeared for the defense. Amirante and Motta then argued that the psychology of Gacy's behavior would be of benefit to scientific research and that the psychology of his mind should be studied.
Following the closing arguments of Amirante and Motta, William Kunkle again argued for the prosecution. Kunkle referred to the defense's contention of insanity as "a sham," arguing that the facts of the case hearkened to Gacy's ability to think logically and control his actions. Kunkle also referred to the testimony of a doctor who had examined Gacy in 1968; this doctor had diagnosed Gacy as an antisocial personality, capable of committing crimes without remorse. Kunkle indicated that had the recommendations of this doctor been heeded, Gacy would have not been freed. At the close of his argument, Kunkle pulled each of the 22 photos of Gacy's identified victims off a board displaying the images and asked the jury to not show sympathy but to "show justice." Kunkle then asked the jury to "show the same sympathy this man showed when he took these lives and put them there!"[199]before throwing the stack of photos into the opening of the trap door of Gacy's crawl space, which had been introduced as evidence and was on display in the courtroom. After Kunkle had finished his testimony, the jury retired to consider their verdict.[200]
The jury deliberated for less than two hours and found Gacy guilty of the thirty-three charges of murder for which he had been brought to trial; he was also found guilty of sexual assault and taking indecent liberties with a child; both convictions in reference to Robert Piest.[200][201]The following day, March 13, both the prosecution and defense made alternate pleas for the sentence the jury should decide: the prosecution requesting a death sentence for each murder committed after the Illinois statute on capital punishment came into effect in June 1977;[202]the defense requesting life imprisonment.
The jury deliberated for more than two hours before they returned with their verdict: Gacy was sentenced to death for the twelve counts of murder upon which the prosecution had sought this penalty.[203][204]An initial date of execution was set for June 2, 1980.[205]
Death row[edit]
Upon being sentenced, Gacy was transferred to the Menard Correctional Center in Chester, Illinois, where he was to remain incarceratedon death row for 14 years.
After his incarceration, Gacy read numerous law books and thereupon filed voluminous motions and appeals, although he did not prevail upon any. Gacy mainly contended that he had "some knowledge" of only five murders: those of McCoy, Butkovitch, Godzik, Szyc and Piest,[206]and that the other 28 murders had been committed by employees who were in possession of keys to his house while he was away on business trips.
In prison, Gacy began to paint. The subjects Gacy painted varied, although many were of clowns, some of which depicted himself as "Pogo". Many of his paintings were sold at various auctions with individual prices ranging between $200 and $20,000 apiece.[207]
In the summer of 1984, the Supreme Court of Illinoisupheld Gacy's conviction and ordered that he be executed by lethal injection on November 14.[208]Gacy filed an appeal against this decision, which was denied by the Supreme Court of the United Stateson March 4, 1985.
After his final appeal to the U.S. Supreme Court was denied in October 1993, the Illinois Supreme Court set his execution date for May 10, 1994.[209]
Execution[edit]
On the morning of May 9, 1994, Gacy was transferred from the Menard Correctional Center to Stateville Correctional Center in Crest Hillto be executed. That afternoon, he was allowed a private picnic on the prison grounds with his family. That evening, he observed prayer with a Catholic priestbefore being escorted to the Stateville execution chamber to receive a lethal injection.[210]
Before the execution began, the chemicals used to perform the execution unexpectedly solidified, clogging the IV tubeadministering the chemicals into Gacy's arm and complicating the execution procedure. Blinds covering the window through which witnesses observed the execution were drawn, and the execution team replaced the clogged tube to complete the procedure. After ten minutes, the blinds were reopened and the execution resumed. The entire procedure took 18 minutes.[211]Anesthesiologistsblamed the problem on the inexperience of prison officials who were conducting the execution, stating that had correct execution procedures been followed, the complications would never have occurred. This error apparently led to Illinois' subsequent adoption of an alternate method of lethal injection. On this subject, one of the prosecutors at Gacy's trial, William Kunkle, said: "He still got a much easier death than any of his victims."[212]
According to published reports, Gacy was a diagnosed psychopath[213]who did not express any remorse for his crimes. His final statementto his lawyer before his execution was that killing him would not compensate for the loss of others, and that the state was murdering him.[212]It is reported that his final spoken wordswere simply, "Kiss my ass."[214]
In the hours leading up to Gacy's execution, a crowd estimated to number over 1,000[215]gathered outside the correctional center to observe the execution, the majority of whom were vocally in favor of the execution, although a number of anti-death penaltyprotesters were also present. Of those in favor of the execution, some wore T-shirts hearkening to Gacy's previous community services as a clown and bearing satirical slogans such as "No tears for the clown."[216]The anti-death penalty protesters present observed a silent candlelight vigil.[217]
After Gacy's death was confirmed at 12:58 a.m. on May 10, 1994, his brain was removed. It is in the possession of Dr. Helen Morrison, a witness for the defense at Gacy's trial,[218]who interviewed Gacy and other serial killers in an attempt to isolate common personality traits of violent sociopaths. An examination of Gacy's brain after his execution revealed no abnormalities.[219]
Artwork[edit]
In the months following Gacy's execution many of his paintings were auctioned. Nineteen were sold by autograph dealer Steve Koschal, who had commissioned many of them directly from Gacy.[220]Selling prices ranged from $195 for an acrylic painting of a bird to $9,500 for a painting depicting cartoon characters resembling Disney's Seven Dwarfs playing baseball against the Chicago Cubs.[221]The baseball painting had been autographed by numerous members of the Baseball Hall of Fame, though Koschel admitted that the signers had not been told the identity of the painter.[222]Some were bought so that they could be destroyed: 25 paintings were burned in June 1994 in Naperville, Illinois, at a communal bonfire attended by approximately 300 people, including family members of nine of Gacy's victims.[221]
Exhibitions of Gacy's artwork have been held since the 1980s.[223]Gacy dismissed criticism that he was permitted to keep money from the sale of his paintings, claiming his artwork was intended "to bring joy into people's lives."[208]
In 2011, the Arts Factory Gallery in Las Vegas sold Gacy's self-portrait Goodbye Pogofor $4,500 along with 73 other Gacy paintings, drawings and audio recordings to benefit various charitable organizations. The National Center for Victims of Crime, one of the named beneficiaries, demanded that the gallery cease using its name in connection with the sale.[224]
Victims[edit]
Identified victims[edit]
Only 25 of Gacy's victims were ever conclusively identified. By the time of Gacy's trial, a total of 22 victims had been identified. In March 1980, two further bodies unearthed from Gacy's crawl space were identified via dental and radiologyrecords[225]as those of Kenneth Parker and Michael Marino, two teenage friends who were reported missing on October 25, 1976,[226]the day after they had disappeared.[227]However, DNA analysis conducted in 2012 has confirmed that the 14th body exhumed from the crawl space—initially believed to have been Michael Marino—was misidentified.[228]
In May 1986,[229]the ninth victim exhumed from Gacy's crawl space was identified as Timothy McCoy, Gacy's first victim.[230]One further victim was identified in November 2011 through DNA testingas William George Bundy, a 19-year-old construction worker who was last seen by his family on his way to a party on October 26, 1976.[231][232]Bundy had apparently worked for Gacy before his murder.[232]Shortly after Gacy's arrest, his family had contacted Bundy's dentist in the hope of submitting his dental records for comparison with the unidentified bodies. However, the records had been destroyed after the dentist had retired.[233]
Timothy McCoy (15) January 3, 1972[234]
John Butkovitch (17) July 29, 1975[197]
Darrell Sampson (18) April 6, 1976[235]
Randall Reffett (15) May 14, 1976[236]
Samuel Stapleton (14) May 14, 1976[237]
Michael Bonnin (17) June 3, 1976[236]
William Carroll (16) June 13, 1976[238]
Rick Johnston (17) August 6, 1976[237]
Kenneth Parker (16) October 24, 1976[239]
 William Bundy (19) October 26, 1976[240]
Gregory Godzik (17) December 12, 1976[241]
John Szyc (19) January 20, 1977[242]
Jon Prestidge (20) March 15, 1977[238]
Matthew Bowman (19) July 5, 1977[243]
Robert Gilroy (18) September 15, 1977[243]
John Mowery (19) September 25, 1977[243]
Russell Nelson (21) October 17, 1977[243]
 Robert Winch (16) November 10, 1977[243]
Tommy Boling (20) November 18, 1977[243]
David Talsma (19) December 9, 1977[244]
William Kindred (19) February 16, 1978[245]
Timothy O'Rourke (20) June 16–23, 1978[246]
Frank Landingin (19) November 4, 1978[247]
James Mazzara (21) November 24, 1978[130]
Robert Piest (15) December 11, 1978[134]
 
Suspected misidentified victim
Michael Marino (14) October 24, 1976[239][248]
Unidentified victims[edit]
Eight victims remain unidentified, seven of whom had been buried beneath Gacy's crawl space; one additional youth was found buried about 15 feet (4.6 m) from the barbecue pit in his backyard.[249]Experts used the skulls of the unidentified victims to create facial reconstructions.[250]Based upon Gacy's confession, information relative to where the victims were buried in his crawl space relative to Gacy's identified victims, and forensic analysis, police were able to determine the most likely dates when his unidentified victims were killed.
January 1974. Body 28. Backyard. Male aged 14–18.[83]
June 13 – August 6, 1976. Body 26. Crawl space. Male aged 22–30.[97]
June 13 – August 6, 1976. Body 24. Crawl space. Male aged 15–19.[251]
August 6 – October 5, 1976. Body 13. Crawl space. Male aged 17–21.[252]
 August 6 – October 24, 1976. Body 21. Crawl space. Male aged 21–27.[253]
c.October 24, 1976. Body 14. Crawl space. Male aged c. 14.[228]
December 1976 – March 15, 1977. Body 5. Crawl space. Male aged 22–32.[108]
March 15 – July 5, 1977. Body 10. Crawl space. Male aged 17–21.[254]
 
On October 11, 2011, Cook County Sheriff Thomas Dartannounced that investigators, having obtained full DNAprofiles from each of the unidentified victims, were to renew their efforts to identify all of them. At a press conference held to announce this intention, Sheriff Dart stated investigators are actively seeking DNA samples from individuals across the United States related to any male missing between 1970 and 1979.[255]Test results thus far conducted have confirmed the identification of one victim, ruled out the possibility of numerous other missing youths as being victims of Gacy[256][257]and solved two unrelated cold casesdating from 1972 and 1978 respectively.[258]
In October and December 2011 respectively, two youths whom investigators had initially believed were likely matches to unidentified victims of Gacy were found alive. One of these individuals, Harold Lovell, had disappeared from Aurorain May 1977 at age 19. Lovell was located in Florida and subsequently reunited with his family.[259]Lovell had been listed by investigators as one of the most likely matches for the eight unidentified victims, having last told his mother he was to find a construction job. The other individual, Theodore Szal, had disappeared from Glen Ellynin March 1977 at age 24. Szal was located in Oregon and had also worked in construction before his disappearance.[260]
In September 2012, sheriff Thomas Dart announced that through efforts made to identify Gacy's unidentified victims, investigators had solved an unrelated cold case relating to a 21-year-old Peoriayouth named Daniel Noe. Noe, an Illinois native, was last seen alive on September 30, 1978, hitchhiking from Bellinghamto Chicago.[261]His remains had been found near Mount Olympusin 2010. As Noe had been listed as a possible unidentified victim of Gacy, investigators had collected DNA samples from his family which, although negative when compared to the seven remaining unidentified victims exhumed from Gacy's property, proved a positive match to the unidentified remains found in Utahin 2010.
Efforts to identify Gacy's unidentified victims solved one further unrelated cold case in May 2013.[262]The case solved was that of a missing 16-year-old named Steven Soden, who was last seen alive April 3, 1972, in New Jerseyand who was suspected by his family to have traveled to Chicago, where his father lived. Soden's sister had contacted investigators in 2011 to submit a DNA sample for comparison with Gacy's unidentified victims. Although not a match with any of Gacy's victims, the DNA samples provided matched those of an unidentified body found in April 2000 in Burlington County, close to where Soden was last seen alive.
Identification dispute of Michael Marino[edit]
On October 25, 2012, DNA tests conducted upon remains identified in 1980 through dental analysis[263]as those of a missing Chicago youth named Michael Marino revealed that the remains had been misidentified. Marino's mother had always doubted the identification of her son because clothing found upon the body was inconsistent with what her son had worn when she last saw him. In addition, the dental X-rayconducted upon the victim identified as Michael Marino had revealed the victim had all of his second molars, whereas a dental X-ray conducted upon Marino in March 1976 revealed one molar had not erupted.
The original misidentification of the body identified as Michael Marino has been disputed due to the fact the body was identified in 1980 via dental records and neither an upper nor a lower jaw bone was present upon the exhumed body,[264]leading to strong speculation that either the body of Marino may have been buried as that of Kenneth Parker and vice versa, or the incorrect set of unidentified remains of another unidentified victim of John Gacy had been released to Marino's mother as those of her son. In addition, the orthodontistwho initially identified Marino's remains has stated he is convinced his initial findings are correct, stating: "The dental identification is 100 percent solid ... no question. We compared 32 teeth, probably half a dozen of them had very distinct fillingsand every one of them was consistent with Michael Marino."[265]
Investigators acknowledge that strong circumstantial evidence points to the remains of the 14th body unearthed from the crawl space as being those of Michael Marino, including the fact that the body shared a common grave with that of Kenneth Parker; a close friend of Marino who disappeared on the same day as him.[265]
Possible additional victims[edit]
At the time of Gacy's arrest he had claimed to both Des Plaines and Chicago investigators that the total number of victims he had killed could be as high as 45.[266]However, only 33 bodies were ever found which were linked to Gacy. Investigators did excavate the grounds of his property until they had exposed the substratumof clay beneath the foundations, yet only 29 bodies were found buried upon his property.
On May 8, 1977, a 24-year-old named Charles Hattula was found drowned in a river near Freeport, Illinois.[267]Hattula, an employee of PDM Contractors, had been linked to the initial investigation of Gacy after Robert Piest's disappearance; this was after the same employee who had informed the investigators of Gregory Godzik's disappearance informed them of Hattula's death. Moreover, this employee had stated that Hattula was known to have conflicts with Gacy.[268]Gacy had himself informed several of his employees the youth had drowned after Hattula's body was recovered from the Pecatonica River. Des Plaines authorities had contacted colleagues in Freeport during their investigation into Gacy, but were told the youth had fallen to his death from a bridge.[269]At the time of Hattula's death, Gacy had become engaged, and his fiancée had moved into his home, which leaves a possibility that Gacy had disposed of Hattula's body in the Pecatonica River as opposed to burying the youth in his crawl space. However, Hattula's death had been ruled as accidental.
Gacy stated that after he had assaulted and then released Jeffrey Rignall in March 1978, he had begun to throw his murder victims into the Des Plaines River. He confessed to having disposed five bodies in this manner. However, only four bodies were recovered from the river and conclusively confirmed to be victims of Gacy. Given the gap of over four months between the dates of the murders of the first and second victims known to have been disposed in the river, it is possible that this unknown victim may have been killed between June and November 1978.
As a successful contractor, Gacy is also known to have both visited numerous states across America and visited Canadaduring the years he is known to have killed. When asked as to whether there were more victims, Gacy simply stated: "That's for you guys to find out."[270]
Detective Bill Dorsch has stated he has reason to believe there may be more victims buried elsewhere. In 1975, he claims that he saw a person he believes to be Gacy digging upon the property of the apartment building he then resided in, located at the 6100 block of West Miami Avenue in Chicago.[271]Gacy is known to have been the caretaker of this property in 1975. When confronted by Dorsch as to his actions, Gacy stated he was performing work that he was too busy to do during the day. Another resident says she also has reason to believe there may be additional victims buried at that location, stating Gacy had dug a number of large trenches around the property where fresh plants would later be planted.
In March 2012, Cook County Sheriff's officials submitted a request to excavate the grounds of this property. However, the Cook County State's Attorneydenied this request, stating a lack of probable causeas the reason the submission was denied;[272]adding that there had been a search of the property conducted in 1998. However, the sheriff's office had noted that in 1998, a radar survey conducted had noted 14 areas of interest within the property grounds, yet only two of these 14 anomalies had been excavated. Of the 12 remaining anomalies which police had not examined in greater detail on that occasion, four were described as being "staggeringly suggestive" as human skeletons.[273]Moreover, Detective Dorsch, who had informed investigators of the possibility of Gacy having buried victims' bodies at West Miami Avenue, had provided police with a letter from the radar company who had conducted the 1998 search of the property which stated the initial search of the grounds was incomplete.
A second request to excavate the grounds of West Miami Avenue was submitted to the Cook County State's Attorney by Sheriff Tom Dart in October 2012. This request was granted in January 2013,[274]and a search of the property was conducted in the spring. Both FBI sniffer dogsand ground-penetrating radar equipment were used in the second search of West Miami Avenue; however, the search yielded no human remains.[275]
Some parties have questioned the integrityand thoroughness of the second search conducted of West Miami Avenue;[276]citing the fact the ground of the property was still frozen on the date of the search (March 20) and adding the facts that the press had not been informed that the property had been searched until 6 days after the search had been conducted and that the sniffer dogs used had solely been provided core samplesof soil to test.[277]Moreover, no images of the second search of West Miami Avenue have been released to the press: the released images date from the search conducted in 1998.
Inspiration for the formation of Missing Child Recovery Act of 1984[edit]
In 1984, Sam Amirante, one of Gacy's two defense attorneys at his 1980 trial, authored the Missing Child Recovery Act of 1984. Amirante has since stated that the primary inspiration for his feeling the need to instigate this legislation was the fact that at the time of the Gacy murders, there had been a 72-hour period which police in Illinois had to allow to elapse before initiating a search for a missing child.[278]The Missing Child Recovery Act of 1984 authored by Amirante removed this 72-hour waiting period and thus any missing child report received in Illinois from 1984 onwards immediately triggered a statewide police search rather than 72 hours needing to elapse before the police could do so. Other states across America subsequently adopted similar procedures and sensibilities, as a result of which a national network aimed at locating missing children was gradually formed. This national network has since developed into the Child Abduction Emergency—commonly known today as an Amber Alert.[278]
Potential accomplices[edit]
One of the first things Gacy told investigators after his arrest was that he had not acted alone in several of the murders: he questioned whether individuals he referred to as "my associates" had also been arrested.[279]When questioned as to whether these individuals had participated directly or indirectly in the killings, Gacy replied "Directly."
Gacy specifically named two employees of PDM Contractors as being the individuals he had referred to as being involved in several of the murders.[159]In the 1980s, he also informed Robert Resslerthat "two or three" employees had assisted him in several murders.[280]Ressler replied that he did indeed believe there were unexplained avenues to the case and stated he believed Gacy had killed more than 33 victims. Gacy neither confirmed or denied Ressler's suspicions. (Gacy is known to have given Ressler a painting with a written inscription reading: "Dear Bob Ressler, You cannot hope to enjoy the harvest, without first laboring in the fields".)[281]
Moreover, on one occasion during his surveillance, two of the surveillance officers followed Gacy to a bar Gacy had driven to meet two of his employees. At the bar, the surveillance officers overheard a hushed conversation between one of the employees and Gacy in which the youth asked Gacy the question: "And what? Buried like the other five?"[147]
In addition, Jeffrey Rignall, who had been assaulted and tortured by Gacy in March 1978, was adamant that at one point during his abuse and torture, a young man with brown hair watched his abuse as he kneeled in front of him.[282]When this youth realized Rignall had regained consciousness, he was again chloroformed into unconsciousness. Rignall had also informed police that as Gacy had raped and assaulted him, lights in the room in which he had been manacled were switched on and off.
In 2012, two Chicago lawyers named Steven Becker and Robert Stephenson[283]publicly stated that, having reviewed archived records relating to Gacy's business travels for both PDM Contractors and PE Systems, it is likely that Gacy may have been assisted by one or more accomplices in a minimum of three murders.[284]In each case, Becker and Stephenson state that official documents attest to the fact that Gacy was in another state at the time the youths in question disappeared. In one case, that of 18-year-old Robert Gilroy, investigators found that on September 12, 1977—three days before Gilroy's disappearance—Gacy had flown to Pittsburgh and did not return to Chicago until the day after the youth had disappeared.[284]
In a second case, that of 21-year-old Russell Nelson, the traveling companion with whom Nelson was visiting Chicago at the time of his disappearance gave differing accounts of the youth's disappearance to both Nelson's family and investigators. Nelson was apparently abducted from a crowd who had gathered outside a Chicago bar; yet investigators contend this could not have happened without his traveling companion noticing. In addition, Nelson's traveling companion later gave differing accounts of the circumstances surrounding the youth's disappearance to Nelson's mother. This youth is also known to have offered Nelson's two brothers a job with Gacy's construction company.[284]
In a third case, travel records indicate Gacy was at a scheduled job site in Michigan at 6 a.m. on September 26, 1977—the day following the disappearance of a 19-year-old youth named John Mowery. Mowery was last seen leaving his mother's house at 10 p.m. on September 25.[284]His roommate was an employee of PDM Contractors who had formerly lived with Gacy and had moved into Mowery's apartment less than one week before the youth's disappearance. Two witnesses have stated that this roommate had recommended to Mowery that he meet "a man who is going out of town" two days prior to the youth's disappearance.
Gacy had repeatedly claimed in interviews following his arrest and conviction that he was not present in Chicago when 16 of the identified victims had disappeared. In one interview, he stated that at the time of his arrest, four PDM Employees were also considered suspects in the disappearances of the missing individuals investigators had linked to Gacy—all of whom he stated were in possession of keys to his house.
Criminal defense attorneys investigating the possibility Gacy had not acted alone in several of the murders have stated there is "overwhelming evidence Gacy worked with an accomplice."[285]
Media[edit]
Film[edit]
The made-for-TV film To Catch a Killer, starring Brian Dennehyas John Wayne Gacy, was released in 1992. The film is largely based on the investigation of Gacy, following the disappearance of Robert Piest, by Des Plaines Police and their efforts to arrest him before the scheduled civil suit hearing on December 22.
A feature film, Gacy, was released in 2003. This film cast Mark Holtonin the role of John Gacy and largely focuses upon Gacy's life after he moved to Norwood Park in 1971 up until his arrest in 1978.
The made-for-TV film Dear Mr. Gacywas released in 2010, starring William Forsytheas John Wayne Gacy. The film is based upon the book The Last Victim, written by Jason Moss.[286]The film focuses upon the correspondence between Moss and Gacy before Gacy invited Moss to visit him on death row in 1994.
The horror film 8213: Gacy Housewas released in 2010 and is based upon paranormal investigators spending a night in the house built on the former site of 8213 Summerdale Terrace.[287]
Books[edit]
Buried Dreams: Inside the Mind of Serial Killer John Wayne Gacy, written by Tim Cahill(ISBN 1-85702-084-7).
Johnny and Me: The True Story of John Wayne Gacy, written by Barry Boschelli (ISBN 1-4343-2184-3).[288]
Killer Clown: the John Wayne Gacy Murders, written by Terry Sullivan and Peter T. Maiken (ISBN 0-7860-1422-9).
The Last Victim: A True-Life Journey into the Mind of the Serial Killer, written by Jason Moss and Jeffrey Kottler, Ph.D (ISBN 0-7535-0398-0).
The Man Who Killed Boys, written by Clifford L. Linedecker (ISBN 0-312-95228-7).
John Wayne Gacy: Defending A Monster, written by Sam L. Amirante and Danny Broderick (ISBN 1-616-08248-8).
29 Below, written by Jeffrey Rignall and Ron Wilder (ISBN B0006XG56Y).
The Chicago Killer, written by Joseph R. Kozenczak and Karen M. Kozenczak (ISBN 978-1401095314).
Unfinished Nightmare: The Search for More Victims of Serial Killer John Wayne Gacy, written by Chris Maloney (ISBN 978-1466080317).
Television[edit]
The Discovery Channelhas broadcast an episode focusing upon Gacy's crimes within the true crime series The New Detectives: Case Studies in Forensic Science. This documentary features an interview between Gacy and FBI profiler Robert Ressler, whom Gacy claimed to have known when both he and Ressler were children. (As a child, Ressler had lived just four blocks from Gacy in Chicago and Gacy had delivered groceries to Ressler's family.)
The Investigation Discoverychannel has broadcast two documentaries focusing upon the Gacy murders. The first documentary focusing upon Gacy's crimes was commissioned for the Most Evilseries, a forensics program in which a forensic psychiatristnamed Michael Stone analyzes various murderers and psychopaths. The second Investigation Discovery program focusing on Gacy is featured in the Devil You Knowseries. This program focuses upon how Gacy's actions affected his family. Gacy's sister and niece are among those interviewed.
The Biography Channelhas broadcast a 45-minute documentary focusing upon the crimes of John Gacy.
The television program Psychic Investigatorshas broadcast an episode entitled "What Lies Below".[289]This program focuses upon the consultation between Detective Joseph Kozenczak and a psychicnamed Carol Broman, whom Kozenczak had met on December 17, 1978 to discuss the whereabouts of the body of Robert Piest.[290]


See also[edit]
List of people executed in Illinois
Most prolific murderers by number of victims
References[edit]
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64.^ Jump up to: abCahill 1986, p. 118.
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72.Jump up ^Cahill 1986, p. 143.
73.Jump up ^Linedecker 1980, p. 111.
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87.Jump up ^Cahill 1986, p. 123.
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89.Jump up ^Cahill 1986, p. 129.
90.Jump up ^Cahill 1986, pp. 132–133.
91.Jump up ^Cahill 1986, p. 133.
92.Jump up ^Linedecker 1980, pp. 83–85.
93.Jump up ^Cahill 1986, p. 140.
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154.Jump up ^Amirante & Broderick 2011, p. 150
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183.Jump up ^Cahill 1986, pp. 315–323.
184.Jump up ^Cahill 1986, p. 181.
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Cited works and further reading[edit]
Cahill, Tim (1986). Buried Dreams: Inside the Mind of a Serial Killer. Bantam Books. ISBN 0-553-05115-6. OCLC 12421532.
Foreman, Laura; The editors of Time-Life Books (1992). Serial Killers: True Crime(Hardcover ed.). Time-Life Books. ISBN 978-0-7835-0001-0.
Kozenczak, Joseph R.; Henrikson, Karen (November 3, 2003). The Chicago Killer: The Hunt for Serial Killer John Wayne Gacy. Philadelphia: Xlibris. ISBN 1-4010-9532-1. OCLC 54782106.
Linedecker, Clifford L. (1980). The Man Who Killed Boys: A True Story of Mass Murder in a Chicago Suburb(First ed.). St. Martin's Press. ISBN 0-312-51157-4. OCLC 5564916.
Linedecker, Clifford L. (1986). The Man Who Killed Boys: A True Story of Mass Murder in a Chicago Suburb(Paperback ed.). St. Martin's Press. ISBN 0-312-95228-7.
Peck, Dennis L.; Dolch, Norman Allan (2001). "Behavior Beyond the Boundaries". Extraordinary Behavior: A Case Study Approach to Understanding Social Problems. Greenwood. ISBN 0-275-97057-4. OCLC 43694355.
Ressler, Robert; Schactman, Tom (1992). Whoever Fights Monsters: My Twenty Years Hunting Serial Killers for the FBI. New York: St Martin's Press. ISBN 0-312-95044-6. OCLC 27658115.
Sullivan, Terry; Maiken, Peter T. (2000). Killer Clown: The John Wayne Gacy Murders(Paperback ed.). Pinnacle. ISBN 0-7860-1422-9. OCLC 156783287.
Moss, Jason; Kottler, Jeffrey, Ph.D (1999). The Last Victim: A True-Life Journey into the Mind of the Serial Killer. ISBN 0-7535-0398-0.
Amirante, Sam L.; Broderick, Danny (2011). John Wayne Gacy: Defending a Monster. Skyhorse Publishing. ISBN 978-1-61608-248-2.
External links[edit]
 Wikiquote has a collection of quotations related to: John Wayne Gacy
John Wayne Gacyat CrimeLibrary.com
Archived FBI filesrelating to John Gacy
Examples of artworkproduced by Gacy
People v. John Wayne Gacy "Cook County Clerk of Court" records and archives
Transcriptof Gacy's 1993 submission to the United States Court of Appeals
Audio interviewof Sam Amirante and Danny Broderick, authors of John Wayne Gacy: Defending a Monster
Chicago Sun-Times news article exploring the possibility Gacy had a minimum of one accomplice
John Wayne Gacy's Other Victims:A website detailing the ongoing investigation by Detective Bill Dorsch into the possibility Gacy had committed other murders


 
 
 
 
 
 
 


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Gacy (film)

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
 
Jump to: navigation, search

Gacy
GacyFilm.jpg
DVD cover
 
Directed by
Clive Saunders
Produced by
Tim Swain
 Larry Rattner
Written by
Clive Saunders
 David Birke
Starring
Mark Holton
Music by
Mark Fontana
Erik Godal
Cinematography
Kristian Bernier
Editing by
Jeff Orgill
 Chryss Terry
Studio
DEJ Productions
 Península Films
Distributed by
Lionsgate
Release date(s)
May 13, 2003
 
Running time
88 minutes
Country
United States
Language
English
Budget
$250,000
Gacy is a 2003 direct-to-video biographical-drama film directed by Clive Saunders and written by Saunders and David Birke. The story revolves around the life of serial killer John Wayne Gacy.

Contents
  [hide] 1 Plot
2 Cast
3 Production notes
4 Reception
5 References
6 External links
Plot[edit]
John Wayne Gacy (Mark Holton) seemed to be a model citizen. He even volunteered as a clown for the children at the local hospital, but he kept a gruesome secret. A trail of missing young men led to Gacy's suburban home. The nation watched in horror as, one by one, the details of over 30 murders came to light and most of the victims, entombed in the crawl space underneath his house, were unearthed. John Wayne Gacy had been one of the most famous killers in the whole country.
Cast[edit]
Mark Holton (Scott Alan Henry, young) as John Wayne Gacy, Jr.
Adam Baldwin as John Gacy, Sr.
Charlie Weber as Tom Kovacs
Allison Lange as Gretchen
Edith Jefferson as Mother Gacy
Joleen Lutz as Karen Gacy
Kenneth Swartz as Dave
Matt Farnsworth as Stu
Joe Sikora as Roger
Jeremy Lelliot as Little Stevie
Oren Skoog as Jimmy
Joe Roncetti as Peter
Eddie Adams as Duane
Doran Ray as
Larry Hankin as Eddie Bloom
Glenn Morshower and Jessica Schatz as Ted and Julie Boyle
Wyatt Denny as Steve
Production notes[edit]
The character of Tom Kovacs is a composite of two young men who had lived with Gacy in reality.
Reception[edit]
On the film review aggregate website Rotten Tomatoes, Gacy received a 17% approval rating, based on 6 reviews, with an average rating of 3.8/10.[1]
References[edit]
1.Jump up ^ "Gacy (film)". Rotten Tomatoes. Retrieved 2011-06-28.
External links[edit]
Gacy at the Internet Movie Database
Gacy at AllRovi
Gacy at Rotten Tomatoes
 

Categories: 2003 films
English-language films
2000s crime drama films
2003 horror films
2000s thriller films
American films
American crime drama films
American crime thriller films
American horror films
Biographical films
Films based on actual events
Films set in Illinois
Films set in the 1950s
Films set in the 1970s
Films shot in California
Films shot in Los Angeles, California
Independent films
Police detective films
Serial killer films
LGBT-related horror films


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Dear Mr. Gacy

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Dear Mr. Gacy
Dear Mr. Gacy.jpg
Directed by
Svetozar Ristovski
Produced by
Clark Peterson
 Tom Berry
 Gordon Yang
Screenplay by
Kellie Madison
Story by
Clark Peterson
Based on
The Last Victim
 by Jason Moss
 Jeffrey Kottler
Starring
Jesse Moss
William Forsythe
Emma Lahana
Jeffrey Bowyer-Chapman
Patrick Gilmore
Music by
Terry Frewer
Cinematography
Larry Lynn
Editing by
Scott Belyea
Country
Canada
Language
English
Release date
May 11, 2010
Dear Mr. Gacy is a 2010 Canadian drama thriller film directed by Svetozar Ristovski, starring William Forsythe and Jesse Moss. The film is based on Jason Moss's memoir, The Last Victim.

Contents
  [hide] 1 Plot
2 Cast
3 Production
4 Release
5 See also
6 References
7 External links
Plot[edit]
As part of his college thesis, Jason Moss (Jesse Moss), a criminology student, decides to write to serial killers and attempt to gain their trust through impersonating a typical victim or admirer.
Moss sends a carefully crafted letter to John Wayne Gacy (William Forsythe) in prison, portraying himself as a vulnerable, sexually confused boy. The letter is an intricate plan to get inside Gacy's head in hopes of uncovering new information regarding his murders that will aid Moss in writing a standout term paper. The film unfolds as Gacy, suspicious at first, puts Moss through intense emotional tests via letters and collect calls, all of which lead to strained relationships with his girlfriend and family before an eventual face-to-face visit in prison.
The film ends with a real-life interview with the real Jason Moss, and shows the real photo taken of Moss and Gacy several days before the execution, stating that Moss went on to graduate and write a book on his relationship with Gacy before committing suicide in June 2006.
Cast[edit]
Jesse Moss as Jason Moss
William Forsythe as John Wayne Gacy
Emma Lahana as Alyssa
Jeffrey Bowyer-Chapman as Diego
Patrick Gilmore as Glen Phillips
Andrew Airlie as Professor Harris
Cole Heppell as Alex Moss
Belinda Metz as Valerie
Michaela Mann as Autumn
Michael Kopsa as FBI Agent
Eric Keenleyside as Stan
Daryl Shuttleworth as Thompson
Brett Dier as Marcus
Jaren Brandt-Bartlett as Mike
Hunter Elliott as Tim Carsey
Kai Kennedy as Bobby
Production[edit]
The film based on the real life story of Jason Moss, who as a college student attending UNLV, corresponded with five prominent serial killers on death row in an attempt to determine if there was more to be learned if one was to impersonate their typical victims or act as an ardent admirer.[1]
The focus of the film is Moss' interaction with John Wayne Gacy (convicted of murdering 33 young men and boys), with whom he developed the strongest relationship.
Screenwriter Kellie Madison approached Clark Peterson, executive producer of Monster, to attempt to bring the story to life. It was during the course of their discussions with Moss, who was thrilled at the prospect of developing his novel The Last Victim into a film, that they learned of his suicide on June 6, 2006.[2] After an appropriate period of time had passed, they approached Moss’ widow and ultimately were able to gain acceptance of the proposal, and Dear Mr. Gacy was developed. This is Kellie Madison’s first adaptation to the big screen. The film was shot in Vancouver, British Columbia.[3]
Release[edit]
Dear Mr. Gacy premiered on Canadian TV on May 11, 2010, and was released on video later in the year.
See also[edit]
Serial killers
True crime
The Last Victim
References[edit]
1.Jump up ^ Katherine Ramsland. "Serial Killer Groupies". truTV.com Crime Library. Retrieved 2009-10-26.
2.Jump up ^ Mike Kalil. "Best-selling author of book on serial killers kills himself". Las Vegas Review-Journal. Retrieved 2009-10-28.
3.Jump up ^ Dear Mr. Gacy Teaser, Clip, and Q&A with William Forsythe
External links[edit]
Official website
Dear Mr. Gacy at AllRovi
Dear Mr. Gacy at the Internet Movie Database
Dear Mr. Gacy at Rotten Tomatoes
Fox Chicago News Story on the 30th anniversary of the John Wayne Gacy trial. Interviews with actor William Forsythe and producer Clark Peterson on the film, Dear Mr. Gacy.
 

Categories: English-language films
Canadian films
2010 television films
Canadian drama films
2010s drama films
2010s crime drama films
Serial killer films
True crime films

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The Last Victim

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Jason Moss and John Wayne Gacy, 1994
The Last Victim: A True-Life Journey into the Mind of the Serial Killer is a non-fiction work by author Jason Moss in which he details his fascination and subsequent correspondence with several notorious American serial killers. It was published in 1999.

Contents
  [hide] 1 Plot
2 Film adaptation
3 References
4 External links
Plot[edit]
In 1994, Moss was an 18-year-old college student at UNLV. While studying for his honors thesis, he established relationships with John Wayne Gacy, Richard Ramirez, Henry Lee Lucas, Jeffrey Dahmer, and Charles Manson. He obtained samples of correspondence from and interviews with these men. Moss researched what would interest his subject the most and then cast himself in the role of disciple, admirer, surrogate, or potential victim.
In his book he mentioned that he was interested in a career with the FBI; he reasoned that gaining the trust of a serial killer, possibly learning more about their stated crimes or unsolved murders, was a way to distinguish himself as a job candidate.[1]
Moss forged the strongest relationship with Gacy; letters led to regular Sunday morning phone calls, during which Gacy trumpeted his innocence even as he gave Moss a guided tour of his world. In the book, Moss tells the story of his correspondence and eventual meeting with Gacy shortly before Gacy was executed. According to the viewpoint informing the title of this book, Moss became Gacy's "last victim" after a face to face meeting in prison, in essence being overpowered by a manipulative, depraved sociopath. Moss felt that this misadventure allowed him to understand how a killer's mind works in not only controlling the vulnerable but also in terms of how to break them.
Jason Moss committed suicide in June 2006[2]
Film adaptation[edit]
A film adaptation of the book, titled Dear Mr. Gacy, was released in 2010, starring Jesse Moss (no relation) as Jason Moss, and William Forsythe as John Wayne Gacy.
References[edit]
1.Jump up ^ Moss, J: The Last Victim: A True-Life Journey into the Mind of the Serial Killer, chapter 3. Grand Central Publishing, 1999.
2.Jump up ^ Kalil, M (June 13, 2006): Best-selling author of book on serial killers kills himself. LV Review-Journal archive Retrieved October 20, 2011
External links[edit]
Book Review on Google
Dear Mr. Gacy film (biopic/true-crime thriller) based on Moss' book
 

Categories: American non-fiction books
Non-fiction crime books
True crime
1999 books

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8213: Gacy House

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 This article needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. (September 2010) 

8213: Gacy House/Paranormal Entity 2
8213- Gacy House VideoCover.jpg
DVD cover
 
Directed by
Anthony Fankhauser
Produced by
David Michael Latt
David Rimawi
Paul Bales
 
Written by
Anthony Fankhauser
Starring
Jim Lewis
Matthew Temple
Michael Gaglio
Brett A. Newton
Diana Terranova
Sylvia Panacione
Rachel Riley
 
Music by
Chris Ridenhour (trailer only)
Cinematography
Matt Hoelfer
Distributed by
The Asylum
Release date(s)
September 28, 2010
 
Running time
90 minutes
Country
United States
Language
English
8213: Gacy House or Paranormal Entity 2: Gacy House is a 2010 American horror film by The Asylum. The film is directed by Anthony Fankhauser and acts as a loose prequel to The Asylum's 2009 film Paranormal Entity, and a mockbuster of the film Paranormal Activity 2.
Plot[edit]
A group of paranormal investigators enter the abandoned home of pedophile and serial killer John Gacy, hoping to find evidence of paranormal activity. Upon entering the house they set up cameras throughout the abandoned house while going room to room with hand-held cameras, performing séances and asking for John Gacy to come forward. As the evening progresses it seems the investigators are not prepared for the horror still within the house.[1]
References[edit]
1.Jump up ^ "8213: Gacy House". theasylum.cc. The Asylum. Retrieved February 11, 2011.
External links[edit]
Official website
8213: Gacy House at the Internet Movie Database

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Aileen Wuornos

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Aileen Wuornos
Wuornos.jpg
Aileen Wuornos mug shot
 
Background information

Birth name
Aileen Carol Pittman
Also known as
[1] Sandra Kretsch
 Susan Lynn Blahovec
 Lee Blahovec
 Cammie Marsh Greene
 Lori Kristine Grody
Born
February 29, 1956[1]
Rochester, Michigan
Died
October 9, 2002 (aged 46)
Florida State Prison, Bradford County, Florida, United States
Cause of death
Lethal injection
Conviction
6 counts of 1st degree murder
Penalty
Death
Spouse(s)
Lewis Gratz Fell (divorced)
Killings

Number of victims
7
Country
United States
State(s)
Florida
Date apprehended
January 9, 1991
Aileen Carol Wuornos (February 29, 1956 – October 9, 2002) was a serial killer who killed seven men in Florida in 1989 and 1990. Wuornos claimed that her victims had either raped or attempted to rape her while she was working as a prostitute, and that all of the homicides were committed in self-defense. She was convicted and sentenced to death for six of the murders and was executed by the State of Florida by lethal injection on October 9, 2002.

Contents
  [hide] 1 Early life 1.1 Childhood
1.2 Early criminal career
2 Murders
3 Justice system 3.1 Apprehension and sentencing
3.2 Execution
4 After death
5 Legacy 5.1 Books
5.2 Documentaries
5.3 Film
5.4 Other media
6 See also
7 References
8 Bibliography
9 External links
Early life[edit]
Childhood[edit]
Wuornos was born Aileen Carol Pittman in Rochester, Michigan, on February 29, 1956.[2] Her mother, Diane Wuornos (born 1939), was 15 years old when she married Aileen's father, Leo Dale Pittman, on June 3, 1954. Less than two years later, and two months before Aileen was born, Diane filed for divorce. Aileen's older brother Keith was born in March 1955.
Wuornos never met her father, Leo Pittman; he was incarcerated at the time of her birth.[2] A schizophrenic who was later convicted of sex crimes against children,[3] Pittman eventually hanged himself in prison in 1969.[1][4] In January 1960, when Aileen was almost four years old, Diane abandoned her children, leaving them with their maternal grandparents, Lauri and Britta Wuornos, who legally adopted Keith and Aileen on March 18, 1960.[4]
At age 9, Wuornos engaged in sexual activities in school in exchange for cigarettes, drugs, and food.[citation needed] She had also engaged in sexual activities with her brother.[3] Wuornos claimed that her alcoholic grandfather had sexually assaulted and beaten her when she was a child; before beating her, he would force her to strip out of her clothes.[3] In 1970, at age 13, she became pregnant,[5] having been raped by a friend of her grandfather's.[3] Wuornos gave birth at a home for unwed mothers, and the child was placed for adoption.[4] A few months after her baby was born, Wuornos dropped out of school[3] at about the time that her grandmother died of liver failure; When she was 15, her grandfather threw her out of the house, and she began supporting herself as a prostitute and living in the woods near her old home.[4]
Early criminal career[edit]
On May 27, 1974, Wuornos was arrested in Jefferson County, Colorado, for driving under the influence (DUI), disorderly conduct, and firing a .22-caliber pistol from a moving vehicle. She was later charged with failure to appear.[6]
In 1976, Wuornos hitchhiked to Florida, where she met 69-year-old yacht club president Lewis Gratz Fell. They married that same year, and the announcement of their nuptials was printed in the local newspaper's society pages. However, Wuornos continually involved herself in confrontations at their local bar and eventually went to jail for assault. She also hit Fell with his own cane, leading him to get a restraining order against her. She returned to Michigan[7][8] where, on July 14, 1976, she was arrested in Antrim County, Michigan and charged with assault and disturbing the peace for throwing a cue ball at a bartender's head.[9] On July 17, her brother Keith died of esophageal cancer and Wuornos received $10,000 from his life insurance. Wuornos and Fell annulled their marriage on July 21 after only nine weeks.[10]
On May 20, 1981, Wuornos was arrested in Edgewater, Florida[disambiguation needed], for the armed robbery of a convenience store, where she stole $35 and two packs of cigarettes. She was sentenced to prison on May 4, 1982 and released on June 30, 1983.[11] On May 1, 1984, Wuornos was arrested for attempting to pass forged checks at a bank in Key West. On November 30, 1985, she was named as a suspect in the theft of a revolver and ammunition in Pasco County.[11]
On January 4, 1986, Wuornos was arrested in Miami and charged with car theft, resisting arrest, and obstruction of justice for providing identification bearing her aunt's name. Miami police officers found a .38-caliber revolver and a box of ammunition in the stolen car.[12] On June 2, 1986, Volusia County, Florida, deputy sheriffs detained Wuornos for questioning after a male companion accused her of pulling a gun, in his car, and demanding $200. Wuornos was found to be carrying spare ammunition, and a .22 pistol was discovered under the passenger seat she had occupied.[13]
Around this time, Wuornos met Tyria Moore, a hotel maid, at a Daytona gay bar. They moved in together, and Wuornos supported them with her prostitution earnings.[14] On July 4, 1987, Daytona Beach police detained Wuornos and Moore at a bar for questioning regarding an incident in which they were accused of assault and battery with a beer bottle.[15] On March 12, 1988, Wuornos accused a Daytona Beach bus driver of assault. She claimed that he pushed her off the bus following a confrontation. Moore was listed as a witness to the incident.[15]
Murders[edit]
Richard Mallory,[1] age 51, December 1, 1989—Electronics store owner in Clearwater, Florida. Wuornos' first victim was a convicted rapist whom she claimed to have killed in self-defense. Two days later, a Volusia County, Florida, Deputy Sheriff found Mallory's abandoned vehicle. On December 13, Mallory's body was found several miles away in a wooded area; he had been shot several times, two bullets to the left lung were found to have been the cause of death. It was on this murder that Wuornos would initially be condemned.
David Spears,[1] age 43—Construction worker in Winter Garden, Florida. On June 1, 1990, his nude body was found along Highway 19 in Citrus County, Florida. He had been shot six times.
Charles Carskaddon,[1] age 40, May 31, 1990—Part-time rodeo worker. On June 6, 1990, his body was found in Pasco County, Florida. He had been shot nine times with a small-caliber weapon.
Peter Siems,[1] age 65—In June 1990, Siems left Jupiter, Florida, for New Jersey. On July 4, 1990, his car was found in Orange Springs, Florida. Moore and Wuornos were seen abandoning the car, and Wuornos' palm print was found on the interior door handle. His body was never found.
Troy Burress,[1] age 50—Sausage salesman from Ocala, Florida. On July 31, 1990, he was reported missing. On August 4, 1990, his body was found in a wooded area along State Road 19 in Marion County, Florida. He had been shot twice.
Charles "Dick" Humphreys,[1] age 56, September 11, 1990—Retired U.S. Air Force Major, former State Child Abuse Investigator, and former Chief of Police. On September 12, 1990, his body was found in Marion County, Florida. He was fully clothed and had been shot six times in the head and torso. His car was found in Suwannee County, Florida.
Walter Jeno Antonio,[1] age 62—Police Reservist.[16][page needed] On November 19, 1990,[16][page needed] Antonio's nearly nude body was found near a remote logging road in Dixie County, Florida. He had been shot four times. Five days later, his car was found in Brevard County, Florida.
Justice system[edit]
Apprehension and sentencing[edit]
On July 4, 1990, Wuornos and Moore abandoned Peter Siems's car after they were involved in an accident. Witnesses who had seen the women driving the victims' cars provided police with their names and descriptions, resulting in a media campaign to locate them. Police also found some of the victims' belongings in pawnshops and retrieved fingerprints matching those found in the victims' cars. Wuornos had a criminal justice record in Florida, and her fingerprints were on file.[4]
On January 9, 1991, Wuornos was arrested on an outstanding warrant at The Last Resort, a biker bar in Volusia County.[17] Police located Wuornos' former lover Tyria Moore the next day in Scranton, Pennsylvania. She agreed to elicit a confession from Wuornos in exchange for immunity from prosecution. Moore returned with police to Florida, where she was put up in a motel. Under police guidance, Moore made numerous telephone calls to Wuornos, pleading for help in clearing her name. Three days later, on January 16, 1991, Wuornos confessed to the murders. She claimed the men had tried to rape her and she killed them in self-defense.[18][19]
On January 14, 1992, Wuornos went to trial for the murder of Richard Mallory; although previous convictions are normally inadmissible in criminal trials, under Florida's Williams Rule the prosecution was allowed to introduce evidence related to her other crimes to show a pattern of illegal activity.[1] On January 27, 1992, Wuornos was convicted of Richard Mallory's murder with help from Moore's testimony. At her sentencing, psychiatrists for the defense testified that Wuornos was mentally unstable and had been diagnosed with borderline personality disorder and antisocial personality disorder.[20] Four days later, she was sentenced to death.[19][21]
On March 31, 1992, Wuornos pleaded no contest to the murders of Dick Humphreys, Troy Burress, and David Spears, saying she wanted to "get right with God".[1] In her statement to the court, she stated, "I wanted to confess to you that Richard Mallory did violently rape me as I've told you; but these others did not. [They] only began to start to."[1] On May 15, 1992, Wuornos was given three more death sentences.[1]
In June 1992, Wuornos pleaded guilty to the murder of Charles Carskaddon; in November 1992, she received her fifth death sentence.[1] The defense made efforts during the trial to introduce evidence that Mallory had been tried for intent to commit rape in Maryland and that he had been committed to a maximum security correctional facility in Maryland that provided remediation to sexual offenders.[22] Records obtained from that institution reflected that, from 1958 to 1962, Mallory was committed for treatment and observation resulting from a criminal charge of assault with intent to rape and received an over-all eight years of treatment from the facility. In 1961, "it was observed of Mr. Mallory that he possessed strong sociopathic trends".[22] The judge refused to allow this to be admitted in court as evidence and denied Wuornos' request for a retrial.[19][22][23]
In February 1993, Wuornos pleaded guilty to the murder of Walter Jeno Antonio and was sentenced to death again. No charges were brought against her for the murder of Peter Siems, as his body was never found. In all, she received six death sentences.[1]
Wuornos told several inconsistent stories about the killings. She claimed initially that all seven men had raped her while she was working as a prostitute but later recanted the claim of self-defense. During an interview with filmmaker Nick Broomfield, when she thought the cameras were off, she told him that it was, in fact, self-defense, but she could not stand being on death row—where she had been for 12 years at that point—and wanted to die.[24]
Execution[edit]
She was incarcerated in the Florida Department of Corrections Broward Correctional Institution death row for women, before being killed at the Florida State Prison.[25]
Wuornos' appeal to the U.S. Supreme Court was denied in 1996. In 2001, she announced that she would not issue any further appeals against her death sentence. She petitioned the Florida Supreme Court for the right to fire her legal counsel and stop all appeals, saying, "I killed those men, robbed them as cold as ice. And I'd do it again, too. There's no chance in keeping me alive or anything, because I'd kill again. I have hate crawling through my system...I am so sick of hearing this 'she's crazy' stuff. I've been evaluated so many times. I'm competent, sane, and I'm trying to tell the truth. I'm one who seriously hates human life and would kill again."[26] A defense attorney argued that she was in no state for them to honor such a request.[27]
Florida Governor Jeb Bush instructed three psychiatrists to give Wuornos a 15-minute interview. The test for competency requires the psychiatrist(s) to be convinced that the condemned person understands that she will die and for which crime(s) she is being executed. All three judged her mentally fit to be executed.
Wuornos later started accusing the prison matrons of abusing her. She accused them of tainting her food, spitting on it, serving her potatoes cooked in dirt, and her food arriving with urine. She also claimed overhearing conversations about "trying to get me so pushed over the brink by them I'd wind up committing suicide before the [execution]" and "wishing to rape me before execution". She also complained of strip searches, being handcuffed so tightly that her wrists bruised any time she left her cell, door kicking, frequent window checks by matrons, low water pressure, mildew on her mattress and "cat calling ... in distaste and a pure hatred towards me". Wuornos threatened to boycott showers and food trays when specific officers were on duty. "In the meantime, my stomach's growling away and I'm taking showers through the sink of my cell."
Her attorney stated that "Ms. Wuornos really just wants to have proper treatment, humane treatment until the day she's executed.", and "She believes what she's written".[28]
During the final stages of the appeal process she gave a series of interviews to Broomfield. In her final interview shortly before her death she claimed that, at BCI (Broward Correctional Institution), her mind was being tortured and her head crushed by "sonic pressure", as well as food poisonings and other abuses that she claimed would get worse each time she complained, to make her appear crazy and/or attempt to drive her crazy. She stated she was prepared to leave, 'The Angels and Jesus Christ would be there'. She described her impending death as "being taken away to meet God and Jesus and the angels and whatever is beyond the beyond".[29] Wuornos said to Broomfield in the interview, "You sabotaged my ass! Society, and the cops, and the system! A raped woman got executed, and was used for books and movies and shit!"[30] Her final words in the on-camera interview were "Thanks a lot, society, for railroading my ass."[31] Broomfield later met Dawn Botkins, a childhood friend of Wuornos', who told him, "She's sorry, Nick. She didn't give you the finger. She gave the media the finger, and then the attorneys the finger. And she knew if she said much more, it could make a difference on her execution tomorrow, so she just decided not to."[32]
Wuornos was brought into the death chamber on October 9, 2002. For Aileen Wuornos' last meal, she requested a "single cup of black coffee," not KFC as was once reported. Her last words before the execution were, "Yes, I would just like to say I'm sailing with the rock, and I'll be back, like Independence Day with Jesus. June 6, like the movie. Big mother ship and all, I'll be back, I'll be back." [1] At 9:47 a.m. EDT, Aileen Wuornos died. She was the tenth woman in the United States to be executed since the Supreme Court lifted the ban on capital punishment in 1976,[33] and the second woman ever executed in Florida.
After death[edit]
Wuornos' body was cremated, and her ashes were spread beneath a tree in her native Michigan by Dawn Botkins. Wuornos requested that Natalie Merchant's song "Carnival" be played at her funeral. Merchant commented on this when asked why she permitted "Carnival" to be played during the credits of the documentary Aileen: Life and Death of a Serial Killer:

When director Nick Broomfield sent a working edit of the film, I was so disturbed by the subject matter that I couldn't even watch it. Aileen Wuornos led a tortured, torturing life that is beyond my worst nightmares. It wasn't until I was told that Aileen spent many hours listening to my album Tigerlily while on death row and requested "Carnival" be played at her funeral that I gave permission for the use of the song. It's very odd to think of the places my music can go once it leaves my hands. If it gave her some solace, I have to be grateful.[34]
Broomfield later speculated on Wuornos' motive and state of mind:

I think this anger developed inside her. And she was working as a prostitute. I think she had a lot of awful encounters on the roads. And I think this anger just spilled out from inside her. And finally exploded. Into incredible violence. That was her way of surviving. I think Aileen really believed that she had killed in self-defense. I think someone who's deeply psychotic can't really tell the difference between something that is life threatening and something that is a minor disagreement, that you could say something that she didn't agree with. She would get into a screaming black temper about it. And I think that's what had caused these things to happen. And at the same time, when she wasn't in those extreme moods, there was an incredible humanity to her.[35]
Legacy[edit]
Books[edit]
FBI profiler Robert K. Ressler mentioned Wuornos only briefly in his autobiographical history of his 20 years with the FBI. Writing in 1992, he said he often does not discuss female serial killers because they tend to kill in sprees instead of in a sequential fashion.[36] He noted Wuornos as the sole exception.[36] Ressler, who allegedly coined the phrase serial killer[37] to describe murderers seeking personal gratification, does not apply it to women killing in postpartum psychosis or to any murderer acting solely for financial gain, such as women who have killed a series of boarders or spouses. In 2002, journalist Sue Russell wrote a book about Wuornos called Lethal Intent.
In 2012 Lisa Kester and Daphne Gottlieb edited and published a collection of letters written over a ten year span from Wuornos to her childhood friend Dawn Botkins. The book is titled: Dear Dawn: Aileen Wuornos in Her Own Words.
Documentaries[edit]
Filmmaker Nick Broomfield directed two documentaries about Wuornos:
Aileen Wuornos: The Selling of a Serial Killer (1994)[38]
Aileen: Life and Death of a Serial Killer (2003)[24]
Wuornos was the subject of episode "Death Row Prostitute: Aileen Wuornos" of the documentary TV series American Justice.
Wuornos was the subject of an episode of the documentary TV series Biography.[39]
Wuornos was featured in the Deadly Women episode "Predators".
Film[edit]

 

 Movie poster for Monster
The theatrical film Monster (2003) starred Charlize Theron and Christina Ricci. It tells Wuornos' story from childhood until her first murder conviction. The film earned Theron the 2003 Academy Award for Best Actress for her performance as Aileen Wuornos.[40]
The TV movie Overkill: The Aileen Wuornos Story (1992) starred Jean Smart and Park Overall.
Other media[edit]
An operatic adaptation of Wuornos' life events premiered at San Francisco's Yerba Buena Center for the Arts on June 22, 2001. Entitled Wuornos, the opera was written by composer/librettist Carla Lucero, conducted by Mary Chun, and produced by the Jon Sims Center for the Performing Arts.[41]
The singer Jewel wrote a song about Aileen called "Nicotine Love," the New York-based Metalcore band, It Dies Today, wrote a song "Sixth of June" referring to Aileen and the poet Doron Braunshtein dedicated a poem to her, called "Aileen Wuornos" that appears in his 2011 spoken word CD "The Obsessive Poet".
The singer Diamanda Galás recorded a live cover of the Phil Ochs song "Iron Lady", which she would often perform as a tribute to Wuornos.
The poem "Sugar Zero" by Rima Banerji is dedicated to Wuornos and appears in the 2005 Arsenal Pulp Press publication, "Red Light: Superheroes, Saints, and Sluts".
See also[edit]

Portal icon Biography portal
Portal icon Criminal justice portal
Portal icon Florida portal
Portal icon Sexuality portal
Capital punishment in Florida
Capital punishment in the United States
List of women executed in the United States since 1976
Aileen Wuornos: The Selling of a Serial Killer
Butterfly Kiss

References[edit]
1.^ Jump up to: a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q "Aileen Carol Wuornos". The Clark County Prosecuting Attorney. Archived from the original on September 27, 2008. Retrieved September 26, 2008.
2.^ Jump up to: a b Macleod, Marlee (February 29, 1956). "Aileen Wuornos: Killer Who Preyed on Truck Drivers — A Poor Beginning — Crime Library on". Trutv.com. Retrieved June 12, 2012.
3.^ Jump up to: a b c d e Silvio, H., McCloskey, K., & Ramos-Grenier, J. (2006). Theoretical consideration of female sexual predator serial killers in the United States. Journal of Criminal Justice, 34(3), 251-259.
4.^ Jump up to: a b c d e Howard, Amanda; Martin Smith (2004). River of Blood: Serial Killers and Their Victims. Universal-Publishers. p. 332. ISBN 978-1-58112-518-4.
5.Jump up ^ Macleod, Marlee (February 29, 1956). "Aileen Wuornos: Killer Who Preyed on Truck Drivers — A Poor Beginning — Crime Library on". Trutv.com. Retrieved June 12, 2012.
6.Jump up ^ Reynolds 2003, p. 116.
7.Jump up ^ Russell, Sue (2002). Lethal Intent. Pinnacle Books. p. 97. ISBN 0-7860-1518-7.
8.Jump up ^ Griffin, Ayanna M.; Dr. Bruce Arrigo. "The Phenomenon of Serial Murders and Women". McNair Dispatch: An Online Research Journal. University of North Carolina at Charlotte. Archived from the original on October 21, 2008. Retrieved October 27, 2008.
9.Jump up ^ Reynolds 2003, pp. 116–117.
10.Jump up ^ "Notorious Crime Profiles Aileen Wuornos". Biography.com. Retrieved October 27, 2008.
11.^ Jump up to: a b Reynolds 2003, p. 117.
12.Jump up ^ Reynolds 2003, pp. 117–118.
13.Jump up ^ Reynolds 2003, p. 118.
14.Jump up ^ Ventura, Varla (2008). The Book of the Bizarre: Freaky Facts and Strange Stories. Weiser. p. 132. ISBN 978-1-57863-437-8.
15.^ Jump up to: a b Reynolds 2003, p. 119.
16.^ Jump up to: a b Hickey 2010.
17.Jump up ^ Kennedy, Dolores; Robert Nolin (1994). On a Killing Day: The Bizarre Story of Convicted Murderer Aileen Lee Wournos [sic]. S.P.I. Books. p. 48. ISBN 1-56171-293-0.
18.Jump up ^ Dwyer, Kevin; Jure Fiorillo (November 6, 2007). True Stories of Law & Order: SVU. Penguin Group/Berkley. pp. 53–54. ISBN 978-0-425-21735-1.
19.^ Jump up to: a b c "Timeline Of Aileen Wuornos' Crimes". Local 6 News. Archived from the original on October 3, 2008. Retrieved October 3, 2008.
20.Jump up ^ Profile
21.Jump up ^ Dwyer, Kevin; Jure Fiorillo (November 6, 2007). True Stories of Law & Order: SVU. Penguin Group/Berkley. pp. 54–55. ISBN 978-0-425-21735-1.
22.^ Jump up to: a b c "AILEEN C. WUORNOS v. STATE OF FLORIDA". Florida Supreme Court. November 19, 2004. Archived from the original on October 2, 2008. Retrieved October 2, 2008.
23.Jump up ^ Dwyer, Kevin; Jure Fiorillo (November 6, 2007). True Stories of Law & Order: SVU. Penguin Group/Berkley. p. 55. ISBN 978-0-425-21735-1.
24.^ Jump up to: a b "Aileen: Life and Death of a Serial Killer". Archived from the original on September 27, 2008. Retrieved September 27, 2008.
25.Jump up ^ Trischitta, Linda, Ariel Barkhurst and Kathleen Haughney. "Broward women's prison to close May 1." Sun-Sentinel. January 12, 2012. Retrieved on April 21, 2013.
26.Jump up ^ Zarrella, John (October 15, 2002). "Wuornos' last words: 'I'll be back'". CNN. Archived from the original on October 2, 2008. Retrieved October 2, 2008.
27.Jump up ^ "WebCite query result". www.webcitation.org. Retrieved May 31, 2010.
28.Jump up ^ Wilson, Catherine (July 13, 2002). "Aileen Wuornos says prison guards abusing her". News Chief. Archived from the original on October 23, 2007. Retrieved November 13, 2007.
29.Jump up ^ Broomfield, Nick. "Aileen: Life and Death of a Serial Killer (Film Summary)". Retrieved September 24, 2008.
30.Jump up ^ Stewart, Helen. "Monstrous end to tragic story". The Scotsman. May 9, 2004
31.Jump up ^ Cheshire, Godfrey. "Charlize Theron's career-making performance anchors a harrowing tale". Indy Week. January 14, 2004
32.Jump up ^ Fuchs, Cynthia (February 12, 2004). "A Lot of Illegalness Going On". PopMatters. Archived from the original on October 2, 2008. Retrieved September 24, 2008.
33.Jump up ^ Hall, K, ed. The Oxford Guide to the Supreme Court of the United States. pages 323–4. Oxford University Press.
34.Jump up ^ "News: Aileen Wuornos Documentary". NatalieMerchant.com. Archived from the original on October 2, 2008. Retrieved September 26, 2008.
35.Jump up ^ "Transcript interview Nick Broomfield on Paula Zahn NOW". CNN. February 26, 2004. Archived from the original on October 2, 2008. Retrieved August 12, 2006.
36.^ Jump up to: a b Ressler, Robert K. and Tom Schachtman. Whoever Fights Monsters: My Twenty Years Hunting Serial Killers for the FBI. New York: St. Martin's Press, 1992, at p. 83. ISBN 0-312-07883-8.
37.Jump up ^ The Serial Killer Files by Harold Schecter ISBN 978-0-345-46566-5
38.Jump up ^ "Aileen Wuornos: The Selling of a Serial Killer". NickBroomfield.com. Archived from the original on October 3, 2008. Retrieved October 3, 2008.
39.Jump up ^ "A&E Biography: Episode Guide". A&E. Retrieved August 26, 2009.
40.Jump up ^ "Monster (2003)". IMDB. Retrieved October 3, 2008.
41.Jump up ^ "Welcome to the operatic world of Wuornos!". Archived from the original on October 2, 2008. Retrieved September 26, 2008.
Bibliography[edit]
Hickey, Eric (2010). Serial Murderers and their Victims. Wadworth. ISBN 978-0-495-60081-7.
Reynolds, Michael (2003). Dead Ends: The Pursuit, Conviction and Execution of Female Serial Killer Aileen Wuornos, the Damsel of Death. St. Martin's True Crime Library. ISBN 0-312-98418-9.
Russell, Sue (2002). Lethal Intent: The Shocking True Story of One of America's Most Notorious Female Serial Killers. Pinnacle. ISBN 0-7860-1518-7.
Wuornos, Aileen; Christopher Berry-Dee (2004). Monster: My True Story. John Blake. ISBN 1-84454-237-8.
Wuornos, Aileen; Lisa Kester, Daphne Gottlieb (2012). Dear Dawn: Aileen Wuornos in Her Own Words. Soft Skull Press, 2012. ISBN 1-5937-6290-9.
External links[edit]
 Wikiquote has a collection of quotations related to: Aileen Wuornos
Aileen Wuornos memorial at Findagrave
Inmate Release Information Detail - Inmate 150924. Florida Department of Corrections. Retrieved on November 14, 2007.

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 ­LCCN: n93096487·
 ­ISNI: 0000 0001 1489 1682·
 ­GND: 119274264
 
 


 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

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Aileen Wuornos: The Selling of a Serial Killer

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Jump to: navigation, search

Aileen Wuornos: The Selling of a Serial Killer
AileenWuornosTheSellingOfASerialKiller1993Poster.jpg
US film poster
 
Directed by
Nick Broomfield
Written by
Nick Broomfield
Starring
Nick Broomfield
Aileen Wuornos
Cinematography
Barry Ackroyd
Release date(s)
1993
 
Running time
87 minutes
Language
English
Aileen Wuornos: The Selling of a Serial Killer (1993) is a documentary film about Aileen Wuornos, made by Nick Broomfield. It documents Broomfield's attempts to interview Wuornos, which involves a long process of mediation through her adopted mother Arlene Pralle and lawyer, Steve Glazer.
The film essentially highlights the exploitation of Wuornos by those around her and questions the fairness of her trial, given the vested interests of the police.
The film was used by the defense in the Wuornos trial in 2001 to highlight the incompetence of Wuornos' original lawyer. It was through this process that Broomfield decided to make a second film, Aileen: Life and Death of a Serial Killer.
Furthermore, for the feature film Monster, Charlize Theron used this film as source material, apparently watching clips in-between takes in order to perfect her character. For her performance, Theron won a Best Actress Oscar, awarded on what would have been Wuornos's birthday.[1][2]

Contents
  [hide] 1 Cast
2 Awards
3 References
4 External links
Cast[edit]
Jesse Aviles as Himself (Jesse "The Human Bomb" Aviles)
Nick Broomfield as Himself – Interviewer
Cannonball as Himself
Steve Glazer as Himself
Sgt. Grian Jarvis as Himself
Michael McCarthy as Himself
Dick Mills as Himself
Arlene Pralle as Herself
Mike Reynolds as Himself
Aileen Wuornos as Herself[3]
Awards[edit]
1993 – Nominated for the Grand Jury Prize for Documentary at the Sundance Film Festival
References[edit]
1.Jump up ^ http://www.imdb.com/title/tt0340855/awards
2.Jump up ^ http://www.clarkprosecutor.org/html/death/US/wuornos805.htm
3.Jump up ^ http://www.imdb.com/title/tt0103634/fullcredits#cast
External links[edit]
Official website
Official Nick Broomfield website
Nick Broomfield on meeting Aileen Wuornos (Video interview from Capturing Reality: The Art of Documentary)
Aileen Wuornos: The Selling of a Serial Killer at the Internet Movie Database

[hide]
v·
 t·
 e
 
Films directed by Nick Broomfield

 
Who Cares? (1971)·
 Proud to be British (1973)·
 Behind the Rent Strike (1974)·
 Juvenile Liaison (1975)·
 Wittingham (1980)·
 Fort Augustus (1981)·
 Soldier Girls (1981)·
 Tatooed Tears (1982)·
 Chicken Ranch (1983)·
 Lily Tomlin (1986)·
 Driving Me Crazy (1988)·
 Diamond Skulls (1989)·
 Juvenile Liaison 2 (1990)·
 The Leader, His Driver and the Driver's Wife (1991)·
 Aileen Wuornos: The Selling of a Serial Killer (1992)·
 Monster in a Box (1992)·
 Tracking Down Maggie (1994)·
 Heidi Fleiss: Hollywood Madam (1995)·
 Fetishes (1996)·
 Kurt & Courtney (1998)·
 Biggie & Tupac (2002)·
 Aileen: Life and Death of a Serial Killer (2003)·
 His Big White Self (2006)·
 Ghosts (2006)·
 Battle for Haditha (2007)·
 Sarah Palin: You Betcha! (2011)
 
 
Stub icon This article about a biographical documentary film is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.
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Categories: 1993 films
English-language films
1990s documentary films
Borderline personality disorder
Documentary films about capital punishment
Films directed by Nick Broomfield
Films set in Florida
Serial killer films
Biographical documentary film stubs

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Aileen: Life and Death of a Serial Killer

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 This article does not cite any references or sources. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. (December 2010) 

Aileen: Life and Death of a Serial Killer
Aileen Life and Death of a Serial Killer.jpg
DVD cover
 
Directed by
Nick Broomfield
 Joan Churchill
Produced by
Jo Human
Written by
Nick Broomfield
Starring
Nick Broomfield
Aileen Wuornos
Jeb Bush
 Louis Mason
Music by
Robert Lane
Cinematography
Joan Churchill
Editing by
Claire Ferguson
Release date(s)
May 10, 2003
Running time
89 minutes
Language
English
Aileen: Life and Death of a Serial Killer is a 2003 feature-length documentary film about Aileen Wuornos, made by Nick Broomfield as a follow-up to his 1992 film Aileen Wuornos: The Selling of a Serial Killer. The film focuses on Wuornos' declining mental state and the questionable judgment to execute her despite her being of unsound mind.
The film climaxes in a final interview with Wuornos just one day before her execution. In the interview, she states that she was tortured while in prison and claims that the prison used sonic pressure to control or alter her mental state. In a fit of rage, Wuornos rails against a society that she says "railroaded my ass" before abruptly ending the interview. Broomfield comments that he finds it hard to understand how the same person in front of him was deemed "of sound mind" the day before by Florida governor Jeb Bush's psychiatric examiners.
The film concludes with footage of a prison spokesman reading Wuornos' final statement at a press conference after her execution: "I'm sailing with the Rock, and I'll be back. Like Independence Day with Jesus, June 6, like the movie, big mothership and all. I'll be back."
Box office[edit]
The film received a limited theatrical release in North America several weeks after the Aileen Wuornos biopic Monster opened to generally positive reviews. Released on January 9, 2004, on three screens, Aileen grossed $16,158 ($5,386 per screen) in its opening weekend. Playing in six theaters at its widest point, its total North American box office gross stands at just $97,362.
External links[edit]
Aileen: Life and Death of a Serial Killer at the Internet Movie Database

[hide]
v·
 t·
 e
 
Films directed by Nick Broomfield

 
Who Cares? (1971)·
 Proud to be British (1973)·
 Behind the Rent Strike (1974)·
 Juvenile Liaison (1975)·
 Wittingham (1980)·
 Fort Augustus (1981)·
 Soldier Girls (1981)·
 Tatooed Tears (1982)·
 Chicken Ranch (1983)·
 Lily Tomlin (1986)·
 Driving Me Crazy (1988)·
 Diamond Skulls (1989)·
 Juvenile Liaison 2 (1990)·
 The Leader, His Driver and the Driver's Wife (1991)·
 Aileen Wuornos: The Selling of a Serial Killer (1992)·
 Monster in a Box (1992)·
 Tracking Down Maggie (1994)·
 Heidi Fleiss: Hollywood Madam (1995)·
 Fetishes (1996)·
 Kurt & Courtney (1998)·
 Biggie & Tupac (2002)·
 Aileen: Life and Death of a Serial Killer (2003)·
 His Big White Self (2006)·
 Ghosts (2006)·
 Battle for Haditha (2007)·
 Sarah Palin: You Betcha! (2011)
 
 


Stub icon This article about a biographical documentary film is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.
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·

 

Categories: English-language films
2003 films
2000s documentary films
Borderline personality disorder
Documentary films about capital punishment
Films directed by Nick Broomfield
Films set in Florida
Serial killer films
Biographical documentary film stubs



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Monster (2003 film)

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Monster
Monster movie.jpg
Theatrical release poster
 
Directed by
Patty Jenkins
Produced by
Charlize Theron
Mark Damon
Clark Peterson
Donald Kushner
Brad Wyman
Written by
Patty Jenkins
Starring
Charlize Theron
Christina Ricci
Music by
BT
Cinematography
Steven Bernstein
Editing by
Arthur Coburn
 Jane Kurson
Studio
DEJ Productions
Distributed by
Media 8 Entertainment
Newmarket Films
Release date(s)
December 17, 2003 (Premiere)
January 9, 2004 (Limited)
January 30, 2004 (Wide)
April 15, 2004 (Germany)
 
Running time
109 minutes
Country
United States
 Germany
Language
English
Budget
$8 million
Box office
$60,378,584
Monster is a 2003 crime drama film about serial killer Aileen Wuornos, a former prostitute who was executed in Florida in 2002 for killing six men (she was not tried for a seventh murder) in the late 1980s and early 1990s. Wuornos was played by Charlize Theron, and her fictionalized lover, Selby Wall (based on Wuornos' real-life companion Tyria Moore), was played by Christina Ricci. Patty Jenkins wrote and directed the film.
Theron received overwhelming critical acclaim and won seventeen awards for her portrayal, including the Academy Award for Best Actress, Golden Globe Award for Best Actress and the Screen Actors Guild Awards for Outstanding Lead Actress. Theron's performance garnered Monster's only Academy Award nomination. This was only the fifth time in the history of the Academy Awards in which a film's lead actress was its sole nomination and won. Previous occurrences were Joanne Woodward in The Three Faces of Eve, Jodie Foster in The Accused, Kathy Bates in Misery and Jessica Lange in Blue Sky.

Contents
  [hide] 1 Plot
2 Cast
3 Reception
4 Soundtrack
5 See also
6 References
7 External links
Plot[edit]
After moving to Florida, Aileen Wuornos, a female prostitute, meets Selby Wall (based on Wuornos' real life lover Tyria Moore) in a gay bar. After initial hostility and declaring that she is not gay, Aileen talks to Selby over beers. Selby takes to Aileen almost immediately, as she likes that she is very protective of her. Selby invites her to spend the night with her. They return to the house where Selby is staying (temporarily exiled by her parents following the accusation from another girl at church that Selby tried to kiss her). They later agree to meet at a rollerskating rink and kiss for the first time. Though their passion and emotion is clear, they have nowhere to go and Selby goes home.
After being raped and brutalized by a client, Vincent Corey, Aileen kills him in self-defense and decides to quit prostitution. She confesses her action to Selby, while Selby has been angry with her for not succeeding in supporting the two of them. Eventually, unable to pay the bills, Aileen tries to find legitimate work, but, due to her lack of qualifications and past, prospective employers reject her, and are occasionally openly hostile to her. Desperate for money, she returns to her career as a prostitute. She continues to commit several acts of murder with intent to rob her victims, each killed in a more brutal way than last. She spares one man out of pity, when the man admits he has never had sex with a prostitute, but ultimately kills another man who, instead of exploiting her, offers help.
Aileen uses the money she steals from her victims to indulge herself and Selby; the two of them drink in bars and eat in fancy restaurants. However, as Selby reads in the papers about the string of murders and begins to suspect that her girlfriend may have committed them, the two have a falling out and Selby returns to Ohio on a charter bus.
Aileen is eventually arrested at a biker bar and speaks to Selby one last time while in jail. Selby reveals some incriminating information over the telephone and Aileen realizes that the police are listening in. To protect her lover, Aileen admits she committed the murders alone. During Aileen's trial, Selby testifies against her. Aileen is later convicted and sentenced to death.
Cast[edit]
Charlize Theron as Aileen Wuornos
Christina Ricci as Selby Wall
Bruce Dern as Thomas
Lee Tergesen as Vincent Corey (Richard Mallory)
Annie Corley as Donna
Pruitt Taylor Vince as Gene / Stuttering "John"
Marco St. John as Evan / Undercover "John"
Marc Macaulay as Will / Daddy "John"
Scott Wilson as Horton / Last "John"
Kane Hodder as Undercover cop
Brett Rice as Charles
Reception[edit]
Film critics praised Monster; most gave overwhelmingly high praise to Theron's performance as an unattractive, mentally ill[1] woman - Wuornos had antisocial personality disorder and borderline personality disorder.[2] For the role, Theron gained 30 pounds and wore prosthetic teeth. Critics called her performance, and her makeup, a "transformation".[3] Film critic Roger Ebert named it best film of the year, and wrote "What Charlize Theron achieves in Patty Jenkins' 'Monster' isn't a performance but an embodiment... [It] is one of the greatest performances in the history of the cinema."[4]
Theron won the Academy Award for Best Actress, Golden Globe Award for Best Actress in a Drama and the SAG Award.
In 2009, Roger Ebert named it the third best film of the decade. [5]
Soundtrack[edit]
In 2004, BT released a soundtrack to the film.[6] Included with the release is a DVD featuring all fifteen original cues, and an additional nine cues that would not fit on the CD, as well as an interview with BT and Patty Jenkins, and remix files for "Ferris Wheel".

Monster
 
Soundtrack album by BT

Released
January 30, 2004
Label
dts Entertainment
All songs written by BT.
1."Childhood Montage"
2."Girls Kiss"
3."The Bus Stop"
4."Turning Tricks"
5."First Kill"
6."Job Hunt"
7."Bad Cop"
8."'Call Me Daddy' Killing"
9."I Don't Like It Rough"
10."Ferris Wheel (Love Theme)"
11."Ditch the Car"
12."Madman Speech"
13."Cop Killing"
14."News on TV"
15."Courtroom"
See also[edit]

Portal icon Florida portal
Portal icon LGBT portal
Portal icon Film portal
Portal icon Criminal justice portal
Portal icon 2000s portal
List of lesbian, gay, bisexual, or transgender-related films by storyline
References[edit]
1.Jump up ^ Aileen: Life and Death of a Serial Killer. Dir. Nick Broomfield and Joan Churchill. Columbia TriStar Home Entertainment. 2003.
2.Jump up ^ Profile
3.Jump up ^ "Monster". Rotten Tomatoes. Retrieved 2007-06-12.
4.Jump up ^ Ebert, Roger (January 1, 2004). "Monster". Chicago Sun-Times. Retrieved 2010-02-06.
5.Jump up ^ Ebert, Roger (December 30, 2009). "The Best Films of the Decade". rogerebert.com. Retrieved June 19, 2013.
6.Jump up ^ "Monster Soundtrack". SoundtrackNet. August 4, 2004. Retrieved 2007-06-17.
External links[edit]
Official website
Monster at the Internet Movie Database
Monster at AllRovi
Monster at Box Office Mojo
Monster at Rotten Tomatoes
Monster at Metacritic
 

Categories: 2003 films
English-language films
2000s crime films
2000s drama films
American films
American biographical films
American crime drama films
American LGBT-related films
Borderline personality disorder
Directorial debut films
German films
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German drama films
German LGBT-related films
Female buddy films
Fiction narrated by a dead person
Films about capital punishment
Films about prostitution
Films based on actual events
Films directed by Patty Jenkins
Films featuring a Best Actress Academy Award winning performance
Films featuring a Best Drama Actress Golden Globe winning performance
Films set in the 1980s
Films set in the 1990s
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Wanda Jean Allen

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  (Redirected from The Execution of Wanda Jean)
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Wanda Jean Allen

Born
August 17, 1959
Died
January 11, 2001 (aged 41)
Oklahoma State Penitentiary, McAlester, Oklahoma, United States
Charge(s)
First Degree murder
Conviction(s)
Murder
Penalty
Death
Conviction status
Executed by lethal injection
Spouse
Gloria Jean Allen
Wanda Jean Allen (August 17, 1959 – January 11, 2001) was sentenced to death in 1988 for the murder of Gloria Jean Leathers, 29. Allen was the first black woman to be executed in the United States since 1954. She was the sixth woman to be executed since executions resumed in 1977. Her final appeals and the last three months of her life were chronicled by filmmaker Liz Garbus in the documentary The Execution of Wanda Jean (2002).

Contents
  [hide] 1 Background
2 Dedra Pettus
3 Gloria Jean Leathers
4 Trial
5 Execution
6 See also
7 References
Background[edit]
Wanda Jean Allen was born in 1959, the second of eight children. Her mother was an alcoholic; her father left home after the last child was born and the family lived in public housing and scraped by on public assistance.
At the age of 12, Allen was hit by a truck and knocked unconscious, and at 14 or 15 she was stabbed in the left temple. It was found that Allen's actual abilities were markedly impaired, and that her IQ was 69. Found particularly significant was that the left hemisphere of her brain was dysfunctional, impairing her comprehension, her ability to logically express herself, and her ability to analyze cause and effect relationships. It was also concluded that Allen was more chronically vulnerable than others to becoming disorganized by everyday stresses, and thus more vulnerable to a loss of control under stress.
By age 17, she had dropped out of high school.
Dedra Pettus[edit]
In 1981, Allen was sharing an apartment with Dedra Pettus. On June 29, 1981, they got into an argument, and Allen shot and killed Dedra. In her 1981 confession, Allen stated that she accidentally shot Pettus from roughly 30 feet away while returning fire from Pettus's boyfriend. However, the forensic evidence was inconsistent with Allen's story; in particular, a police expert believed that bruises and powder burns on Pettus's body indicated that Allen had pistol-whipped her, then shot her at point-blank range. Nevertheless, prosecutors cut a deal with Allen, and she received a four-year sentence in exchange for a guilty plea to a manslaughter charge. She served two years of the sentence.
Gloria Jean Leathers[edit]
Seven years after the death of Dedra Pettus, Allen was living with her girlfriend Gloria Jean Leathers. The two met in prison and had a turbulent and violent relationship. On December 2, 1988, Gloria Jean Leathers, 29, was shot in front of The Village Police Department in Oklahoma City. Fifteen minutes before the shooting, the two women were involved in a dispute at a grocery store. A city officer escorted the two women to their house and stood by while Leathers collected her belongings. Leathers and her mother were on their way to file a complaint against Allen. When Leathers exited the car, Allen fired one shot, wounding Leathers in the abdomen. Leathers' mother witnessed the shooting. Two police officers and a dispatcher heard the shot fired, but no police department employee witnessed the shooting. The police recovered a .38-caliber handgun they believe was used in the shooting near the women's home. Gloria died from the injury on December 5, 1988.
Trial[edit]
The state charged Allen with first-degree murder and announced that it would seek the death penalty. Evidence that Leathers had a history of violent conduct, and that she had stabbed a woman to death in Tulsa, Oklahoma in 1979, was central to the self-defense argument at Allen's trial. Allen testified that she feared Leathers because she had boasted to her about the killing. The defense sought to corroborate this claim with testimony from Leathers' mother, whom Leathers had told about the stabbing. However, the prosecution objected, and the court prohibited the introduction of such testimony because it was considered hearsay. The prosecutor depicted Allen as a remorseless liar. The jury found her guilty of first-degree murder and sentenced her to death.
During the punishment phase the prosecutors argued that Allen should be sentenced to death because she had been previously convicted of a felony involving the use or threat of violence; that she was a continuing threat to society; and she committed the murder to avoid arrest or prosecution. The jury found that the first two aggravating circumstances existed in Allen's case. Allen's defense presented numerous mitigating circumstances including good relationship with her family, good work habit, and her fear of the victim.
In the sentencing phase the prosecution presented testimony on the circumstances of the death of Detra Pettus, and compared this previous crime to the death of Gloria Leathers.
In a 1991 affidavit, the defense lawyer stated that after the trial he learned that when Allen was 15 years old, her IQ was measured at 69, placing her "just within the upper limit of the classification of mental retardation" according to the psychologist who analyzed her and that an examining doctor had recommended a neurological assessment because she manifested symptoms of brain damage. The lawyer stated, "I did not search for any medical or psychological records or seek expert assistance for use at the trial."
A psychologist conducted a comprehensive evaluation of Allen in 1995 and found clear and convincing evidence of cognitive and sensory-motor deficits and brain dysfunction possibly linked to an adolescent head injury.
Execution[edit]
Allen spent 12 years on death row. Her application for clemency was denied.
While in prison, she became a born-again Christian. The Reverend Robin Meyers, who served as a spiritual adviser to Allen, is quoted as saying, "I always suspected that Wanda's renunciation of lesbianism had more to do with helping to revamp herself in the most palatable way for her clemency and appeal processes. She knew perfectly well that her being a lesbian was a big strike against her and that it's an embarrassment in the black community. She was going to play the best hand that she could play at the very end."
Allen, then 41, was executed by lethal injection by the State of Oklahoma on Thursday, January 11, 2001 at Oklahoma State Penitentiary in McAlester. Twenty-four relatives of murder victim Gloria Leathers and manslaughter victim Detra Pettus traveled to McAlester for the execution. Many of them watched the execution from behind a tinted window. While lying on the execution gurney, Allen said, "Father, forgive them. They know not what they do." She also stuck her tongue out and smiled at her appeal lawyer, Steve Presson, who had become her friend. He says she was "dancing on the mattress, while they tried to kill her." She was pronounced dead at 9:21 p.m.
See also[edit]

Portal icon Oklahoma portal
Portal icon Criminal justice portal
Portal icon Biography portal
List of women executed in the United States since 1976
List of individuals executed in Oklahoma
Capital punishment in the United States
References[edit]
Julie Salamon. The Execution of Wanda Jean (2002). The New York Times. Retrieved on 2007-11-11.
Dimitra Kessenides. The Execution of Wanda Jean. Salon.com (2002-03-18). Retrieved on 2007-11-11.
Adam Buckley Cohen. Who was Wanda Jean? - black woman executed in the United States. The Advocate (2001-03-13). Retrieved on 2007-11-11.
USA: Death penalty / Legal concern - Wanda Jean Allen. Amnesty International (2000-11-17). Retrieved on 2007-11-11.
Wanda Jean Allen put to death. USA Today (2001-01-12). Retrieved on 2007-11-11.
Wanda Jean Allen. The Clark County Prosecuting Attorney. Retrieved on 2007-11-11.
Wanda Jean Allen v State of Oklahoma Direct Appeal Allen v. State, 871 P. 2d 79 - Okla: Court of Criminal Appeals 1994. Retrieved 2010-04-13


 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

Categories: 1959 births
2001 deaths
1981 murders in the United States
21st-century executions by Oklahoma
American people convicted of murder
American female murderers
Executed African-American people
Executed American women
People convicted of murder by Oklahoma
21st-century executions of American people by lethal injection
People executed by Oklahoma by lethal injection
People executed for murder

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