Brokeback Mountain Wikipedia pages reposted in bold and italicized print

 



Ennis Del Mar

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Jump to: navigation, search


Ennis Del Mar
Brokebackmountainheathledger.jpg
Ennis Del Mar as portrayed by Heath Ledger in the 2005 film adaptation of the short story.
 
First appearance
"Brokeback Mountain"
Created by
Annie Proulx
Portrayed by
Heath Ledger
Information

Gender
Male
Occupation
Sheep herder, ranch hand
Spouse(s)
Alma Beers
Children
Alma Jr.
 Jenny
Ennis del Mar (Del Mar in the film) is the fictional main character of the short story "Brokeback Mountain" by Annie Proulx and the 2005 Academy Award-winning film adaptation of the same name directed by Ang Lee. Ennis's story is depicted by his complex sexual and romantic relationship with Jack Twist in the American West, over two decades from 1963 to 1983. In the film, he is portrayed by Heath Ledger, who was nominated for the Academy Award for Best Actor for his performance.
"Ennis del Mar" literally translates as "Island of the Sea". Ennis is a corruption of the Irish inis for island and del mar is Spanish for "of the sea".


Contents  [hide]
1 Characterization 1.1 Sexual orientation
2 Fictional character history
3 References

Characterization[edit]
In an interview about her work, and "Brokeback Mountain" in particular, Proulx stated Ennis Del Mar was a "confused Wyoming ranch [kid]" who finds himself in a personal sexual situation he did not foresee, nor can understand. She said both men were "beguiled by the cowboy myth," and "Ennis tries to be one but never gets beyond ranch hand work."[1][2] Ennis is also the more closed-down party of his and Jack's relationship, being more reluctant to show affection towards Jack. When Jack brings up suggestions about them living together, or even just Ennis moving to Texas, which is his home state, Ennis always declines, sometimes in a very harsh way.
Sexual orientation[edit]
One mystery surrounding Ennis Del Mar (as well as Jack Twist) is his sexual orientation, if any specific one at all. He has sexual and emotional relationships, of varying and fluctuating degrees, with Jack, his wife Alma, and his girlfriend Cassie.
Some film critics identified Ennis as bisexual rather than strictly homosexual. Sex researcher Fritz Klein stated he felt Ennis to be "a bit more toward the straight side of being bisexual."[3] Ledger himself was quoted as stating in Time: "I don't think Ennis could be labeled as gay. Without Jack Twist, I don't know that he ever would have come out... I think the whole point was that it was two souls that fell in love with each other." The film's producer, James Schamus, and LGBT-related non-fiction author Eric Marcus, opined that the characters were both gay.[4]
Novelist Brent Hartinger analysed some of the discussion about the sexual orientations of the characters, writing for AfterElton.com. Hartinger personally "felt it inconceivable" that the characters could be considered bisexual and not gay because the film consistently showed their dissatisfaction with their heterosexual partners and deep emotional and physical fulfilment with one another. What's more, Del Mar insisted on anal sex with his wife, and Twist sought out other males for sex outside of his marriage when Del Mar wasn't available. Hartinger puts down efforts to describe the characters as bisexual to a mixture of bisexuals who misunderstand "what it means to be gay" and some who rightfully feel starved of media representations of bisexuality. For Hartinger, the actors' opinions of "straight guys who just happened to fall in love" seems to come more from Gyllenhaal and Ledger's acting method rather than an assessment of the text. Hartinger ended the discussion with a quotation from Annie Proulx, on the subject of her short story, to illuminate the ways in which different people interpret the sexualities of the main characters:

“How different readers take the story is a reflection of their own personal values, attitudes, hang-ups... It is my feeling that a story is not finished until it is read, and that the reader finishes it through his or her life experience, prejudices, world view and thoughts.”[5]
Fictional character history[edit]
While on a 1963 shepherding job on Brokeback Mountain in Wyoming, Ennis meets and falls in love with rodeo cowboy Jack Twist.
While the two 19-year-old men work on Brokeback Mountain, Ennis is stationed at the base camp while Jack watches the sheep higher on the mountain. They meet only for meals at the base camp, gradually becoming friends. Eventually they switch roles, with Jack taking over duties at base camp and Ennis tending the flock. One night, after the two share a bottle of whiskey, Ennis decides to remain at the base camp overnight instead of returning to the sheep. The weather becomes bitterly cold that night, but Ennis is reluctant to sleep in the same tent as Jack, who insists he join him. That night the men share a brief, intense sexual encounter. During the summer their sexual and emotional relationship deepens.
After the job is finished the two part ways. Ennis marries his fiancée Alma Beers in November 1963 and starts a family, having two daughters, Alma Jr. and Jenny. Four years later, Ennis receives a postcard from Jack asking if he wants to meet. The men reunite and their passion rekindles. Jack broaches the subject of creating a life together. Unwilling to leave his family and haunted by a childhood memory of the murder of a suspected homosexual couple in his hometown, Ennis fears that such an arrangement can only end in tragedy. Unable to be open about their relationship, Ennis and Jack settle for infrequent meetings on camping trips.
Over time Ennis' marriage deteriorates. Alma knows about his relationship with Jack, having seen the two men kissing upon their reunion. In 1975 Alma divorces Ennis, taking custody of their two daughters and marrying her former employer. Jack hopes Ennis' divorce will allow them to live together, but Ennis refuses to move away from his children and remains uncomfortable with the idea of living with a man. Ennis dates waitress Cassie Cartwright. The relationship fails when Ennis stops communicating with her. On a 1983 trip with Jack, Ennis insists that to keep his job, he cannot meet with Jack again before November. Ennis and Jack's frustrations finally erupt into an argument, the struggle becoming a desperate embrace. The two men part upset.
Months later, a postcard Ennis sent to Jack is returned to the post office, stamped "deceased". During a phonecall, Jack's wife Lureen tells Ennis that Jack died in a freak accident while changing a tire. While she explains what happened, Ennis imagines Jack being beaten to death by a group of men wielding tire-irons. Lureen tells Ennis that Jack wished to have his ashes scattered on Brokeback Mountain. She suggests that Ennis contact Jack's parents.
Ennis visits Jack's parents and offers to take Jack's ashes to Brokeback Mountain. Jack's father insists that Jack's remains be buried in the family plot. He also tells Ennis that Jack wanted to bring another man back to his parents' ranch so they could revitalize the ranch. Jack's mother allows Ennis to see Jack's boyhood bedroom. While in the room, Ennis discovers two old shirts hidden in the back of the closet. The shirts, hung one inside the other on the same hanger, are the ones the two men were wearing on their last day on Brokeback Mountain in 1963. Ennis takes the now rolled-up shirts with him; Jack's mother silently offers him a paper sack to put them in.
Alma Jr. visits Ennis at his home, a trailer by the highway. She is preparing to marry and asks for her father's blessing. Though initially reluctant to attend the wedding, Ennis agrees. Ennis asks if her fiance loves her, and she affirms that he does.
After Alma Jr. leaves, Ennis opens his own closet to reveal that he has hung the shirts inside the door beneath a postcard of Brokeback Mountain. With tears in his eyes, Ennis mutters, "Jack, I swear..."
References[edit]
1.Jump up ^ Testa, Matthew (December 7, 2005). "Exclusive PJH Interview: At close range with Annie Proulx". Planet Jackson Hole. Retrieved 2007-07-28.
2.Jump up ^ Testa, Matthew (December 29, 2005). "Close Range". Salt Lake City Weekly. Archived from the original on 2007-06-03. Retrieved 2007-07-28.
3.Jump up ^ Andre, Amy. "Opinion: Bisexual Cowboys in Love". National Sexuality Resource Center (NSCR). Retrieved 2006-11-22.
4.Jump up ^ Lee, Ryan (January 13, 2006). "Probing the ‘Brokeback Syndrome’". Southern Voice. Retrieved 2007-07-29.
5.Jump up ^ Hartinger, Brent (December 13, 2010). "Ask the Flying Monkey: Why Doesn’t the Fem Guy Ever Chase the Butch One?". AfterElton.com. Retrieved December 14, 2010.


[hide]
v ·
 t ·
 e
 
Brokeback Mountain

 
Short story ·
 Soundtrack ·
 Critical reception ·
 Annie Proulx
 
 
Characters
Ennis Del Mar ·
 Jack Twist
 
 
Songs
"A Love That Will Never Grow Old"
 

  


Categories: Brokeback Mountain
Literary characters
Fictional LGBT characters
Fictional characters from Wyoming
Fictional cowboys and cowgirls
Western (genre) characters
Fictional characters introduced in 1997


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This page was last modified on 9 February 2015, at 15:34.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License; additional terms may apply. By using this site, you agree to the Terms of Use and Privacy Policy. Wikipedia® is a registered trademark of the Wikimedia Foundation, Inc., a non-profit organization.
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Ennis Del Mar

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Jump to: navigation, search


Ennis Del Mar
Brokebackmountainheathledger.jpg
Ennis Del Mar as portrayed by Heath Ledger in the 2005 film adaptation of the short story.
 
First appearance
"Brokeback Mountain"
Created by
Annie Proulx
Portrayed by
Heath Ledger
Information

Gender
Male
Occupation
Sheep herder, ranch hand
Spouse(s)
Alma Beers
Children
Alma Jr.
 Jenny
Ennis del Mar (Del Mar in the film) is the fictional main character of the short story "Brokeback Mountain" by Annie Proulx and the 2005 Academy Award-winning film adaptation of the same name directed by Ang Lee. Ennis's story is depicted by his complex sexual and romantic relationship with Jack Twist in the American West, over two decades from 1963 to 1983. In the film, he is portrayed by Heath Ledger, who was nominated for the Academy Award for Best Actor for his performance.
"Ennis del Mar" literally translates as "Island of the Sea". Ennis is a corruption of the Irish inis for island and del mar is Spanish for "of the sea".


Contents  [hide]
1 Characterization 1.1 Sexual orientation
2 Fictional character history
3 References

Characterization[edit]
In an interview about her work, and "Brokeback Mountain" in particular, Proulx stated Ennis Del Mar was a "confused Wyoming ranch [kid]" who finds himself in a personal sexual situation he did not foresee, nor can understand. She said both men were "beguiled by the cowboy myth," and "Ennis tries to be one but never gets beyond ranch hand work."[1][2] Ennis is also the more closed-down party of his and Jack's relationship, being more reluctant to show affection towards Jack. When Jack brings up suggestions about them living together, or even just Ennis moving to Texas, which is his home state, Ennis always declines, sometimes in a very harsh way.
Sexual orientation[edit]
One mystery surrounding Ennis Del Mar (as well as Jack Twist) is his sexual orientation, if any specific one at all. He has sexual and emotional relationships, of varying and fluctuating degrees, with Jack, his wife Alma, and his girlfriend Cassie.
Some film critics identified Ennis as bisexual rather than strictly homosexual. Sex researcher Fritz Klein stated he felt Ennis to be "a bit more toward the straight side of being bisexual."[3] Ledger himself was quoted as stating in Time: "I don't think Ennis could be labeled as gay. Without Jack Twist, I don't know that he ever would have come out... I think the whole point was that it was two souls that fell in love with each other." The film's producer, James Schamus, and LGBT-related non-fiction author Eric Marcus, opined that the characters were both gay.[4]
Novelist Brent Hartinger analysed some of the discussion about the sexual orientations of the characters, writing for AfterElton.com. Hartinger personally "felt it inconceivable" that the characters could be considered bisexual and not gay because the film consistently showed their dissatisfaction with their heterosexual partners and deep emotional and physical fulfilment with one another. What's more, Del Mar insisted on anal sex with his wife, and Twist sought out other males for sex outside of his marriage when Del Mar wasn't available. Hartinger puts down efforts to describe the characters as bisexual to a mixture of bisexuals who misunderstand "what it means to be gay" and some who rightfully feel starved of media representations of bisexuality. For Hartinger, the actors' opinions of "straight guys who just happened to fall in love" seems to come more from Gyllenhaal and Ledger's acting method rather than an assessment of the text. Hartinger ended the discussion with a quotation from Annie Proulx, on the subject of her short story, to illuminate the ways in which different people interpret the sexualities of the main characters:

“How different readers take the story is a reflection of their own personal values, attitudes, hang-ups... It is my feeling that a story is not finished until it is read, and that the reader finishes it through his or her life experience, prejudices, world view and thoughts.”[5]
Fictional character history[edit]
While on a 1963 shepherding job on Brokeback Mountain in Wyoming, Ennis meets and falls in love with rodeo cowboy Jack Twist.
While the two 19-year-old men work on Brokeback Mountain, Ennis is stationed at the base camp while Jack watches the sheep higher on the mountain. They meet only for meals at the base camp, gradually becoming friends. Eventually they switch roles, with Jack taking over duties at base camp and Ennis tending the flock. One night, after the two share a bottle of whiskey, Ennis decides to remain at the base camp overnight instead of returning to the sheep. The weather becomes bitterly cold that night, but Ennis is reluctant to sleep in the same tent as Jack, who insists he join him. That night the men share a brief, intense sexual encounter. During the summer their sexual and emotional relationship deepens.
After the job is finished the two part ways. Ennis marries his fiancée Alma Beers in November 1963 and starts a family, having two daughters, Alma Jr. and Jenny. Four years later, Ennis receives a postcard from Jack asking if he wants to meet. The men reunite and their passion rekindles. Jack broaches the subject of creating a life together. Unwilling to leave his family and haunted by a childhood memory of the murder of a suspected homosexual couple in his hometown, Ennis fears that such an arrangement can only end in tragedy. Unable to be open about their relationship, Ennis and Jack settle for infrequent meetings on camping trips.
Over time Ennis' marriage deteriorates. Alma knows about his relationship with Jack, having seen the two men kissing upon their reunion. In 1975 Alma divorces Ennis, taking custody of their two daughters and marrying her former employer. Jack hopes Ennis' divorce will allow them to live together, but Ennis refuses to move away from his children and remains uncomfortable with the idea of living with a man. Ennis dates waitress Cassie Cartwright. The relationship fails when Ennis stops communicating with her. On a 1983 trip with Jack, Ennis insists that to keep his job, he cannot meet with Jack again before November. Ennis and Jack's frustrations finally erupt into an argument, the struggle becoming a desperate embrace. The two men part upset.
Months later, a postcard Ennis sent to Jack is returned to the post office, stamped "deceased". During a phonecall, Jack's wife Lureen tells Ennis that Jack died in a freak accident while changing a tire. While she explains what happened, Ennis imagines Jack being beaten to death by a group of men wielding tire-irons. Lureen tells Ennis that Jack wished to have his ashes scattered on Brokeback Mountain. She suggests that Ennis contact Jack's parents.
Ennis visits Jack's parents and offers to take Jack's ashes to Brokeback Mountain. Jack's father insists that Jack's remains be buried in the family plot. He also tells Ennis that Jack wanted to bring another man back to his parents' ranch so they could revitalize the ranch. Jack's mother allows Ennis to see Jack's boyhood bedroom. While in the room, Ennis discovers two old shirts hidden in the back of the closet. The shirts, hung one inside the other on the same hanger, are the ones the two men were wearing on their last day on Brokeback Mountain in 1963. Ennis takes the now rolled-up shirts with him; Jack's mother silently offers him a paper sack to put them in.
Alma Jr. visits Ennis at his home, a trailer by the highway. She is preparing to marry and asks for her father's blessing. Though initially reluctant to attend the wedding, Ennis agrees. Ennis asks if her fiance loves her, and she affirms that he does.
After Alma Jr. leaves, Ennis opens his own closet to reveal that he has hung the shirts inside the door beneath a postcard of Brokeback Mountain. With tears in his eyes, Ennis mutters, "Jack, I swear..."
References[edit]
1.Jump up ^ Testa, Matthew (December 7, 2005). "Exclusive PJH Interview: At close range with Annie Proulx". Planet Jackson Hole. Retrieved 2007-07-28.
2.Jump up ^ Testa, Matthew (December 29, 2005). "Close Range". Salt Lake City Weekly. Archived from the original on 2007-06-03. Retrieved 2007-07-28.
3.Jump up ^ Andre, Amy. "Opinion: Bisexual Cowboys in Love". National Sexuality Resource Center (NSCR). Retrieved 2006-11-22.
4.Jump up ^ Lee, Ryan (January 13, 2006). "Probing the ‘Brokeback Syndrome’". Southern Voice. Retrieved 2007-07-29.
5.Jump up ^ Hartinger, Brent (December 13, 2010). "Ask the Flying Monkey: Why Doesn’t the Fem Guy Ever Chase the Butch One?". AfterElton.com. Retrieved December 14, 2010.


[hide]
v ·
 t ·
 e
 
Brokeback Mountain

 
Short story ·
 Soundtrack ·
 Critical reception ·
 Annie Proulx
 
 
Characters
Ennis Del Mar ·
 Jack Twist
 
 
Songs
"A Love That Will Never Grow Old"
 

  


Categories: Brokeback Mountain
Literary characters
Fictional LGBT characters
Fictional characters from Wyoming
Fictional cowboys and cowgirls
Western (genre) characters
Fictional characters introduced in 1997


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This page was last modified on 9 February 2015, at 15:34.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License; additional terms may apply. By using this site, you agree to the Terms of Use and Privacy Policy. Wikipedia® is a registered trademark of the Wikimedia Foundation, Inc., a non-profit organization.
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Powered by MediaWiki
   
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ennis_Del_Mar
























 



Jack Twist

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Jump to: navigation, search

For the fictional criminal, see Strangers (Dean Koontz novel).

Jack Twist
Brokeback Mountain Jack Twist.jpg
First appearance
Brokeback Mountain
Created by
Annie Proulx
Portrayed by
Jake Gyllenhaal
Information

Gender
Male
Spouse(s)
Lureen Newsome
Children
Bobby
Jack Twist is a fictional character of the short story "Brokeback Mountain" by Annie Proulx and the 2005 Academy Award-winning film adaptation of the same name directed by Ang Lee, where he was portrayed by American actor Jake Gyllenhaal. Jack's story is depicted by the complex, sexual, and romantic relationship he had with Ennis Del Mar in the American West from 1963 to 1983.
Gyllenhaal was nominated for the Academy Award for Best Supporting Actor for his performance.


Contents  [hide]
1 Characterization 1.1 Sexual orientation
2 Fictional character history
3 References
4 External links

Characterization[edit]
In an interview about her work, and "Brokeback Mountain" in particular, author Proulx stated Jack Twist is a "confused Wyoming ranch [kid]" who finds himself in a personal sexual situation he did not foresee, nor can understand. She said both men were "beguiled by the cowboy myth," and Jack "settles on rodeo as an expression of the Western ideal. It more or less works for him until he becomes a tractor salesman."[1] Jack is also more romantic than Ennis, being the one who pursues the relationship and insists that they should live together officially. He is open about his desires and discontents, which is also shown in the novella, when he tries to open Lureen's eyes about their son's dyslexia even though he knows that he has no say in the matter, since she holds the money in the family.
Sexual orientation[edit]
One mystery surrounding Jack Twist (as well as Ennis Del Mar) is his sexual orientation, if any specific one at all. He has a sexual and emotional relationship with Lureen, but he still shows more sexual desire towards men in general than Ennis, who has no relations with men other than Jack. Jack sleeps with other men, including male prostitutes. While meeting Ennis in the mountains for the very last time, Jack says he is having an extramarital relationship with a woman; which might have affirmed that he is bisexual. However, it is likely that the woman, the "ranch foreman's wife," is actually the ranch foreman himself, as in a previous scene, he invites Jack to a cabin to "do a little fishing and drink some whisky ..." In a later scene, Jack's father mentions that Jack had revealed a plan before he died to come up with a male ranch neighbor friend and do up the family ranch and live there.[2]
Some film critics suggest Jack is bisexual rather than strictly homosexual. Sex researcher Fritz Klein stated he felt Jack to be more "toward the gay side of bisexuality."[3] Gyllenhaal himself took the opinion that Ennis and Jack were heterosexual men who "develop this love, this bond," also saying in a Details interview: "I approached the story believing that these are actually two straight guys who fall in love."[3] The film's producer, James Schamus, and LGBT non-fiction author Eric Marcus, opined that the characters were both gay.[3]
Novelist Brent Hartinger analyzed some of the discussion about the sexual orientations of the characters, writing for AfterElton.com. Hartinger personally "felt it inconceivable" that the characters could be considered bisexual and not gay because the film consistently showed their dissatisfaction with their heterosexual partners and deep emotional and physical fulfilment with one another. Hartinger added that Del Mar insists on anal sex with his wife, and Twist seeks out other males for sex outside of his marriage when Del Mar is not available. Hartinger puts down efforts to describe the characters as bisexual to a mixture of bisexuals who misunderstand "what it means to be gay" and some who rightfully feel starved of media representations of bisexuality. For Hartinger, the actors' opinions of "straight guys who just happened to fall in love" seems to come more from Gyllenhaal and Ledger's acting method rather than an assessment of the text. Hartinger ended the discussion with a quotation from Proulx, on the subject of her short story, to illuminate the ways in which different people interpret the sexualities of the main characters:

How different readers take the story is a reflection of their own personal values, attitudes, hang-ups... It is my feeling that a story is not finished until it is read, and that the reader finishes it through his or her life experience, prejudices, world view and thoughts.[4]
Fictional character history[edit]
While on a 1963 shepherding job on the fictional Brokeback Mountain in Wyoming, rodeo cowboy Jack meets and falls in love with ranch hand Ennis Del Mar (portrayed in the film by the late Australian actor Heath Ledger).
When the two 19-year-old men first begin work on Brokeback Mountain, Ennis is stationed at the base camp while Jack watches after the sheep higher on the mountain. They initially meet only for meals at the base camp, where they gradually become friends. After a time they switch roles, with Jack taking over duties at base camp and Ennis tending the flock. One night, after the two share a bottle of whiskey, Ennis decides to remain at the base camp overnight instead of returning up the mountain. Ennis is at first reluctant to even sleep in the same tent as Jack, but later that night the men share a brief, intense sexual encounter. Over the remainder of the summer their sexual and emotional relationship deepens further.
After the job is finished the two part ways. Jack tries to get the same job again at Brokeback Mountain, but his former employer, having seen him and Ennis, does not rehire him. Jack then moves to Texas, where he meets and eventually marries rodeo princess Lureen Newsome (portrayed in the film by Anne Hathaway), having a son, Bobby, with her.
Four years after they separate from each other, Jack sends a postcard to Ennis, asking if he wants to meet him while he passes through the area. The men reunite, and their passion immediately rekindles. Jack broaches the subject of creating a life together on a small ranch. Ennis, for various reasons, resists. Unable to be open about their relationship, Ennis and Jack settle for infrequent meetings on camping trips in the mountains.
As the years pass, Ennis' marriage eventually ends in divorce, causing Jack to hope that this will allow him and Ennis to live together. But Ennis continues to refuse to move away from his children, and remains uncomfortable about men living together. On another trip with Ennis in the mountains, in 1983, Jack discovers that in order to keep his job, Ennis cannot meet with Jack again before November. Ennis and Jack's frustrations finally erupt into a bitter argument and a struggle that becomes a desperate embrace. However, the two men part upset.
Months later, a postcard Ennis sent to Jack about meeting in November, has returned to the post office, stamped deceased. In a strained telephone conversation, Jack's wife, Lureen, tells Ennis that Jack died in an accident while changing a tire. While she explains what happened, images of Jack being beaten to death by three men flash across the screen. The scene can be interpreted either as meaning that this is what really happened and Lureen is covering up the truth, or simply a figment of Ennis's imagination, showing what he thinks may have happened given his memories of a hate crime committed in his town when he was young. Lureen tells Ennis that Jack wished to have his ashes scattered on Brokeback Mountain. She suggests that Ennis contact Jack's parents about this.
Ennis visits Jack's parents in Lightning Flat, Wyoming and offers to take Jack's ashes to Brokeback Mountain. Jack's father refuses, insisting that Jack's remains be buried in the family plot. Jack's mother is more welcoming, and allows Ennis to see Jack's boyhood bedroom. While in the room, Ennis discovers two old shirts hidden in the back of the closet. The shirts, hung one inside the other on the same hanger, are the ones the two men were wearing on their last day on Brokeback Mountain in 1963. Ennis takes the now rolled-up shirts with him; Jack's mother silently offers him a paper sack to put them in.
At the end of the story, Ennis opens his own closet to reveal that he has hung the two shirts reversed, with his plaid shirt hugging Jack's blue shirt. They hang inside the door beneath a postcard of Brokeback Mountain. Ennis carefully fastens the top button of Jack's shirt. With tears in his eyes, Ennis mutters, "Jack, I swear ...".
References[edit]
1.Jump up ^ Testa, Matthew (December 7, 2005). "Exclusive PJH Interview: At close range with Annie Proulx". Planet Jackson Hole. Retrieved September 3, 2012.
2.Jump up ^ http://finearts.uvic.ca/writing/websites/writ203/screenplays/award_winning/brokeback_mountain.pdf
3.^ Jump up to: a b c Amy Andre. "Opinion: Bisexual Cowboys in Love". National Sexuality Resource Center (NSCR). Retrieved 2006-11-22.
4.Jump up ^ Hartinger, Brent (December 13, 2010). "Ask the Flying Monkey: Why Doesn’t the Fem Guy Ever Chase the Butch One?". AfterElton.com. Retrieved December 14, 2010.
External links[edit]
##Jack Twist at the Internet Movie Database


[hide]
v ·
 t ·
 e
 
Brokeback Mountain

 
Short story ·
 Soundtrack ·
 Critical reception ·
 Annie Proulx
 
 
Characters
Ennis Del Mar ·
 Jack Twist
 
 
Songs
"A Love That Will Never Grow Old"
 

  


Categories: Brokeback Mountain
Literary characters
Fictional LGBT characters
Fictional characters from Wyoming
Fictional characters from Texas
Fictional cowboys and cowgirls
Western (genre) characters
Fictional characters introduced in 1997


Navigation menu



Create account
Log in



Article

Talk





 



Read

Edit

View history










 






Main page
Contents
Featured content
Current events
Random article
Donate to Wikipedia
Wikipedia store

Interaction
Help
About Wikipedia
Community portal
Recent changes
Contact page

Tools
What links here
Related changes
Upload file
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Permanent link
Page information
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Cite this page

Print/export
Create a book
Download as PDF
Printable version

Languages
Français
Gaeilge
Português
Edit links
This page was last modified on 27 March 2014, at 02:22.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License; additional terms may apply. By using this site, you agree to the Terms of Use and Privacy Policy. Wikipedia® is a registered trademark of the Wikimedia Foundation, Inc., a non-profit organization.
Privacy policy
About Wikipedia
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Contact Wikipedia
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Powered by MediaWiki
   
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jack_Twist













 



Jack Twist

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Jump to: navigation, search

For the fictional criminal, see Strangers (Dean Koontz novel).

Jack Twist
Brokeback Mountain Jack Twist.jpg
First appearance
Brokeback Mountain
Created by
Annie Proulx
Portrayed by
Jake Gyllenhaal
Information

Gender
Male
Spouse(s)
Lureen Newsome
Children
Bobby
Jack Twist is a fictional character of the short story "Brokeback Mountain" by Annie Proulx and the 2005 Academy Award-winning film adaptation of the same name directed by Ang Lee, where he was portrayed by American actor Jake Gyllenhaal. Jack's story is depicted by the complex, sexual, and romantic relationship he had with Ennis Del Mar in the American West from 1963 to 1983.
Gyllenhaal was nominated for the Academy Award for Best Supporting Actor for his performance.


Contents  [hide]
1 Characterization 1.1 Sexual orientation
2 Fictional character history
3 References
4 External links

Characterization[edit]
In an interview about her work, and "Brokeback Mountain" in particular, author Proulx stated Jack Twist is a "confused Wyoming ranch [kid]" who finds himself in a personal sexual situation he did not foresee, nor can understand. She said both men were "beguiled by the cowboy myth," and Jack "settles on rodeo as an expression of the Western ideal. It more or less works for him until he becomes a tractor salesman."[1] Jack is also more romantic than Ennis, being the one who pursues the relationship and insists that they should live together officially. He is open about his desires and discontents, which is also shown in the novella, when he tries to open Lureen's eyes about their son's dyslexia even though he knows that he has no say in the matter, since she holds the money in the family.
Sexual orientation[edit]
One mystery surrounding Jack Twist (as well as Ennis Del Mar) is his sexual orientation, if any specific one at all. He has a sexual and emotional relationship with Lureen, but he still shows more sexual desire towards men in general than Ennis, who has no relations with men other than Jack. Jack sleeps with other men, including male prostitutes. While meeting Ennis in the mountains for the very last time, Jack says he is having an extramarital relationship with a woman; which might have affirmed that he is bisexual. However, it is likely that the woman, the "ranch foreman's wife," is actually the ranch foreman himself, as in a previous scene, he invites Jack to a cabin to "do a little fishing and drink some whisky ..." In a later scene, Jack's father mentions that Jack had revealed a plan before he died to come up with a male ranch neighbor friend and do up the family ranch and live there.[2]
Some film critics suggest Jack is bisexual rather than strictly homosexual. Sex researcher Fritz Klein stated he felt Jack to be more "toward the gay side of bisexuality."[3] Gyllenhaal himself took the opinion that Ennis and Jack were heterosexual men who "develop this love, this bond," also saying in a Details interview: "I approached the story believing that these are actually two straight guys who fall in love."[3] The film's producer, James Schamus, and LGBT non-fiction author Eric Marcus, opined that the characters were both gay.[3]
Novelist Brent Hartinger analyzed some of the discussion about the sexual orientations of the characters, writing for AfterElton.com. Hartinger personally "felt it inconceivable" that the characters could be considered bisexual and not gay because the film consistently showed their dissatisfaction with their heterosexual partners and deep emotional and physical fulfilment with one another. Hartinger added that Del Mar insists on anal sex with his wife, and Twist seeks out other males for sex outside of his marriage when Del Mar is not available. Hartinger puts down efforts to describe the characters as bisexual to a mixture of bisexuals who misunderstand "what it means to be gay" and some who rightfully feel starved of media representations of bisexuality. For Hartinger, the actors' opinions of "straight guys who just happened to fall in love" seems to come more from Gyllenhaal and Ledger's acting method rather than an assessment of the text. Hartinger ended the discussion with a quotation from Proulx, on the subject of her short story, to illuminate the ways in which different people interpret the sexualities of the main characters:

How different readers take the story is a reflection of their own personal values, attitudes, hang-ups... It is my feeling that a story is not finished until it is read, and that the reader finishes it through his or her life experience, prejudices, world view and thoughts.[4]
Fictional character history[edit]
While on a 1963 shepherding job on the fictional Brokeback Mountain in Wyoming, rodeo cowboy Jack meets and falls in love with ranch hand Ennis Del Mar (portrayed in the film by the late Australian actor Heath Ledger).
When the two 19-year-old men first begin work on Brokeback Mountain, Ennis is stationed at the base camp while Jack watches after the sheep higher on the mountain. They initially meet only for meals at the base camp, where they gradually become friends. After a time they switch roles, with Jack taking over duties at base camp and Ennis tending the flock. One night, after the two share a bottle of whiskey, Ennis decides to remain at the base camp overnight instead of returning up the mountain. Ennis is at first reluctant to even sleep in the same tent as Jack, but later that night the men share a brief, intense sexual encounter. Over the remainder of the summer their sexual and emotional relationship deepens further.
After the job is finished the two part ways. Jack tries to get the same job again at Brokeback Mountain, but his former employer, having seen him and Ennis, does not rehire him. Jack then moves to Texas, where he meets and eventually marries rodeo princess Lureen Newsome (portrayed in the film by Anne Hathaway), having a son, Bobby, with her.
Four years after they separate from each other, Jack sends a postcard to Ennis, asking if he wants to meet him while he passes through the area. The men reunite, and their passion immediately rekindles. Jack broaches the subject of creating a life together on a small ranch. Ennis, for various reasons, resists. Unable to be open about their relationship, Ennis and Jack settle for infrequent meetings on camping trips in the mountains.
As the years pass, Ennis' marriage eventually ends in divorce, causing Jack to hope that this will allow him and Ennis to live together. But Ennis continues to refuse to move away from his children, and remains uncomfortable about men living together. On another trip with Ennis in the mountains, in 1983, Jack discovers that in order to keep his job, Ennis cannot meet with Jack again before November. Ennis and Jack's frustrations finally erupt into a bitter argument and a struggle that becomes a desperate embrace. However, the two men part upset.
Months later, a postcard Ennis sent to Jack about meeting in November, has returned to the post office, stamped deceased. In a strained telephone conversation, Jack's wife, Lureen, tells Ennis that Jack died in an accident while changing a tire. While she explains what happened, images of Jack being beaten to death by three men flash across the screen. The scene can be interpreted either as meaning that this is what really happened and Lureen is covering up the truth, or simply a figment of Ennis's imagination, showing what he thinks may have happened given his memories of a hate crime committed in his town when he was young. Lureen tells Ennis that Jack wished to have his ashes scattered on Brokeback Mountain. She suggests that Ennis contact Jack's parents about this.
Ennis visits Jack's parents in Lightning Flat, Wyoming and offers to take Jack's ashes to Brokeback Mountain. Jack's father refuses, insisting that Jack's remains be buried in the family plot. Jack's mother is more welcoming, and allows Ennis to see Jack's boyhood bedroom. While in the room, Ennis discovers two old shirts hidden in the back of the closet. The shirts, hung one inside the other on the same hanger, are the ones the two men were wearing on their last day on Brokeback Mountain in 1963. Ennis takes the now rolled-up shirts with him; Jack's mother silently offers him a paper sack to put them in.
At the end of the story, Ennis opens his own closet to reveal that he has hung the two shirts reversed, with his plaid shirt hugging Jack's blue shirt. They hang inside the door beneath a postcard of Brokeback Mountain. Ennis carefully fastens the top button of Jack's shirt. With tears in his eyes, Ennis mutters, "Jack, I swear ...".
References[edit]
1.Jump up ^ Testa, Matthew (December 7, 2005). "Exclusive PJH Interview: At close range with Annie Proulx". Planet Jackson Hole. Retrieved September 3, 2012.
2.Jump up ^ http://finearts.uvic.ca/writing/websites/writ203/screenplays/award_winning/brokeback_mountain.pdf
3.^ Jump up to: a b c Amy Andre. "Opinion: Bisexual Cowboys in Love". National Sexuality Resource Center (NSCR). Retrieved 2006-11-22.
4.Jump up ^ Hartinger, Brent (December 13, 2010). "Ask the Flying Monkey: Why Doesn’t the Fem Guy Ever Chase the Butch One?". AfterElton.com. Retrieved December 14, 2010.
External links[edit]
##Jack Twist at the Internet Movie Database


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Brokeback Mountain

 
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"A Love That Will Never Grow Old"
 

  


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Brokeback Mountain: Original Motion Picture Soundtrack

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Jump to: navigation, search


Brokeback Mountain: Original Motion Picture Soundtrack
 
Soundtrack album by Gustavo Santaolalla

Released
November 1, 2005
Recorded
2005
Genre
Country folk ·
 country ·
 soundtrack
 
Length
43:21
Label
Verve
Producer
Gustavo Santaolalla
Gustavo Santaolalla chronology

The Motorcycle Diaries
 (2004) Brokeback Mountain
 (2005) North Country
 (2005)
 

Professional ratings

Review scores

Source
Rating
AllMusic 3.5/5 stars[1]
Brokeback Mountain: Original Motion Picture Soundtrack refers to either or both the two-hour musical soundtrack edited into the 2005 film, Brokeback Mountain, and the recorded albums of music selected from the film. Some albums have different performers substituted for those heard in the film. The entire chronological list of compositions in the two-hour soundtrack is annotated with notes about the film scenes (see below: Complete Soundtrack listing).


Contents  [hide]
1 Musical album recordings
2 Track listing of Verve CD
3 Track listing for "The Wings" CD single
4 Complete soundtrack listing
5 See also
6 References

Musical album recordings[edit]
Brokeback Mountain is the original soundtrack album as an audio CD, on the Verve Forecast label, of the 2005 film Brokeback Mountain starring Heath Ledger and Jake Gyllenhaal. The original score and songs were composed and produced by Gustavo Santaolalla. The album has shipped 300,000 units worldwide and 100,000 of them have been sold in the United States.[2]
The album was nominated for two Golden Globe Awards: Best Original Score and Best Original Song ("A Love That Will Never Grow Old"), winning the latter. It won the Academy Award for Original Music Score and was nominated for a Grammy Award as Best Compilation Soundtrack Album For Motion Picture, Television Or Other Visual Media.
Brokeback Mountain is the name of another soundtrack album, on the Wonderful Music label, of the 2005 film Brokeback Mountain, with the original compositions performed, instead, by the Global Stage Orchestra. The release date of this album was June 6, 2006, and it has the same track listing as the Verve CD.
Track listing of Verve CD[edit]
1."Opening" by Gustavo Santaolalla – 1:31
2."He Was a Friend of Mine" by Willie Nelson – 4:42
3."Brokeback Mountain I" by Gustavo Santaolalla – 2:32
4."A Love That Will Never Grow Old" by Emmylou Harris – 3:20
5."King of the Road" by Teddy Thompson & Rufus Wainwright – 2:53
6."Snow" by Gustavo Santaolalla – 1:18
7."The Devil's Right Hand" by Steve Earle – 2:34
8."No One's Gonna Love You Like Me" by Mary McBride – 3:06
9."Brokeback Mountain II" by Gustavo Santaolalla – 1:59
10."I Don't Want to Say Goodbye" by Teddy Thompson – 3:12
11."I Will Never Let You Go" by Jackie Greene – 1:55
12."Riding Horses" by Gustavo Santaolalla – 1:24
13."An Angel Went Up in Flames" by The Gas Band – 2:36
14."It's So Easy" by Linda Ronstadt – 2:27
15."Brokeback Mountain III" by Gustavo Santaolalla – 2:14
16."The Maker Makes" by Rufus Wainwright – 3:50
17."The Wings" by Gustavo Santaolalla – 1:52
Since the release of the soundtrack album by Verve Records, three remixes of the Gustavo Santaolalla track "The Wings" have been created and released by Verve on a CD single.
Track listing for "The Wings" CD single[edit]
1."The Wings" (Gabriel & Dresden's Organized Nature Remix)
2."The Wings" (Manny Lehman, Tony Moran & Warren Rigg Collaboration Remix)
3."The Wings" (Manny Lehman Remix)
Complete soundtrack listing[edit]
The film used a combination of original compositions and previously recorded material for background and incidental music. Much of the music used in the film does not appear on the Verve Records soundtrack CD (see above), and some of that which is on the CD is presented out of order. Here is a list of the music and music references on the film soundtrack in order of appearance in film:
1."Universal Pictures fanfare" – On-screen Universal Pictures title card
2."Focus Features fanfare" – On-screen Focus Features title card
3."River Road Entertainment fanfare" – On-screen River Road Entertainment title card
4."Opening" by Gustavo Santaolalla – Start of film; Ennis arrives in Signal, Wyoming
5."Brokeback Mountain #1" by Gustavo Santaolalla – Jack & Ennis embark on shepherding trip
6."Camp" by Gustavo Santaolalla – Jack and Ennis herd sheep and establish campsite #1 on Brokeback Mountain
7.(same as No. 36) "Riding Horses" by Gustavo Santaolalla – Jack rides away from camp, naps with sheep; Ennis carves wooden horse while it rains; "no more beans"; Ennis washes blue coffee pot in stream.
8."The Cowboy's Lament" (also known as "The Streets of Laredo"; public domain) – Hummed by Ennis on horseback just before his encounter with the bear on the trail
9."Carrying Sheep" by Gustavo Santaolalla – Montage: Jack asleep by log, setting up campsite #2, "tent don't look right" comment
10."Harmonica #1" by Gustavo Santaolalla – Jack plays a riff of "He was a Friend of Mine" (No. 53 of this list)
11."Water Walkin' Jesus" – Jack and Ennis talk religion around campfire
12."Getting Drunk" by Gustavo Santaolalla – Ennis, drunk, tosses whiskey bottle, then falls asleep outdoors next to campfire
13."Horse Love" by Gustavo Santaolalla – Ennis rides off from camp; finds dead sheep; joins Jack overlooking meadow; passionate scene in tent that night at camp; Joe Aguirre spies on Jack and Ennis with binoculars
14."Harmonica #2" by Gustavo Santaolalla – Jack plays a riff of "He was a Friend of Mine" (No. 53 of this list) on horseback after having separated the mixed-up sheep herds
15."Crying in Alley" by Gustavo Santaolalla – Ennis breaks down, sobbing and sick to his stomach, in an alley in Signal, Wyoming
16."Snow" by Gustavo Santaolalla – Ennis and Alma ride toboggan; Ennis and Timmy spread asphalt; Alma & Ennis watch movie at drive-in theater
17."Jukebox" by Ken Strange, Randall Pugh, Ron Guffnett – Playing on Jack's pickup truck radio as he arrives in Signal in 1964
18."Trust in Lies" by The Raven Shadows featuring Tim Ferguson – Jack tries to buy Jimbo a beer
19."The Battle Hymn of the Republic (John Brown's Body)" Traditional – Amateur band performs prior to the 4th of July fireworks show
20."I Will Never Let You Go" by Jackie Greene – Jack meets Lureen at the Rodeo Dance (Instrumental version in the film is credited as: "I Won't Let You Go" by Santaolalla)
21."No One's Gonna Love You Like Me" by Mary McBride/Santaolalla – Jack and Lureen dance at the Rodeo Dance
22."All Night Blues" by The Raven Shadows – Song quietly playing on Lureen's car radio
23.Music box tune – in the nursery
24."Post Office" by Gustavo Santaolalla – Ennis mails Jack the "You bet" postcard
25."Kiss" by Gustavo Santaolalla – Ennis and Jack reunited in Riverton
26."Brokeback Mountain #2" by Gustavo Santaolalla – Alma cries as Ennis and Jack leave; they arrive and jump naked from cliff into lake; "You know it could be like this, just like this always" campfire scene
27."Flashback" by Gustavo Santaolalla – Ennis describes Rich and Earl
28."The Wings" by Gustavo Santaolalla – Alma & Ennis fight in front of their girls (playing on swings)
29."Tractors" (version of "The Wings") by Gustavo Santaolalla – Jack shows off a new combine; Alma reads Jack's postcard; Jack hunts for the blue parka (at 1:13:55)
30."You Are Late" by Gustavo Santaolalla – Ennis arrives with horses in truck, Jack says "You're late." Horse riding scenes; Jack and a young Bobby ride "no hands" in a giant tractor; Ennis feeds hay.
31."King of the Road" by Roger Miller – Jack sings with radio while driving to visit Ennis (Note: Roger Miller's version is heard in the film; soundtrack album's version is performed by Teddy Thompson and Rufus Wainwright)
32."A Love That Will Never Grow Old" by Emmylou Harris – Jack leaves Ennis and drives south on highway towards the Mexican border
33."Quizas, Quizas, Quizas" by Rick Garcia – Jack picks up a hustler in Juarez, Mexico
34."Capriccio Espagnol Op. 34" by Nikolai Rimsky-Korsakov, performed by Philharmonia Slavonica – Music for the figure skaters on TV during Thanksgiving at Alma and Monroe's
35."Mason Dixon Line" by Jeff Wilson – playing in the bar during the fight in the street
36."Riding Horses" by Gustavo Santaolalla – Jack and Ennis ride horses; camp by the river; Ennis washes blue coffee pot in stream.
37."For What It's Worth" by Stephen Stills/Buffalo Springfield – Line spoken by Jack referencing title, but actual song is not heard in film
38."The Devil's Right Hand" by Steve Earle – Ennis meets Cassie Cartwright at Riverton bar
39."It's So Easy" by Buddy Holly, performed by Linda Ronstadt – Ennis and Cassie at Riverton bar
40."An Angel Went Up in Flames" by The Gas Band – Dancing at the Childress Benefit Dance
41."I Don't Want to Say Goodbye" by Teddy Thompson – Jack dances with Lashawn at the Benefit Dance
42."D-I-V-O-R-C-E" by Tammy Wynette – Ennis, Cassie and Alma Jr. at the Riverton bar
43."Melissa" by The Allman Brothers – Ennis, Cassie and Alma Jr. at the Riverton bar
44."I'll Be Gone" by T. Gadsden/F. Peterson – Song heard softly on Ennis's truck radio as he drops Alma Junior back home and drives off
45."Brokeback Mountain #3" by Gustavo Santaolalla – Ennis and Jack's final trip; argument at lake; flashback scene of happier days back in 1963
46."Bigger Than My Body" by John Mayer- Jack in flashback scene
47."I'm Always on a Mountain When I Fall" by Merle Haggard – Cassie confronts Ennis at bus station
48."Jack Deceased" by Gustavo Santaolalla – Ennis collects mail and discovers "Deceased" message stamped on his returned postcard
49."The Dying Hobo/Big Rock Candy Mountain" (two forms of the same folk song) – Referenced by key lyrics used as dialogue, but actual song is not heard in film: line spoken by Lureen, "Where bluebirds sing and there's a whisky spring" related to song chorus lyrics "At the lemonade springs, Where the bluebird sings, On the big rock candy mountain" (1906 lyrics).[3]
50."Closet" by Gustavo Santaolalla – Ennis discovers the two shirts in Jack's closet; leaves the Twist home; truck drives on highway.
51."Eyes of Green" by Jeff Wilson – Song heard on Alma Jr.'s car radio when she arrives at Ennis's trailer
52."Ending" (version of "The Wings") by Gustavo Santaolalla – Ennis at the closet (at 2:06:56)
53."He Was a Friend of Mine" by Willie Nelson – Roll of end credits
54."The Maker Makes" by Rufus Wainwright – Later in roll of end credits.
See also[edit]
Cowboys Are Frequently, Secretly Fond of Each Other
"Brokeback Mountain" short story: description of original/amended Proulx story
Brokeback Mountain awards: description of related film awards
References[edit]
1.Jump up ^ Jurek, Thom. "Brokeback Mountain [Original Motion Picture Soundtrack]". Allmusic. Rovi Corporation. Retrieved April 8, 2011.
2.Jump up ^ "Universal Music". New.umusic.com. Retrieved 2012-02-08.
3.Jump up ^ "The Big Rock Candy Mountain" (notes/lyrics), Grahamqckr, 2001, webpage: AF-famoustramp.

Awards
Preceded by
Finding Neverland Academy Award for Best Original Score
 2005 Succeeded by
Babel


[hide]
v ·
 t ·
 e
 
Brokeback Mountain

 
Short story ·
 Soundtrack ·
 Critical reception ·
 Annie Proulx
 
 
Characters
Ennis Del Mar ·
 Jack Twist
 
 
Songs
"A Love That Will Never Grow Old"
 

  


Categories: Brokeback Mountain
Film soundtracks
2005 soundtracks
Verve Forecast Records albums




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Brokeback Mountain: Original Motion Picture Soundtrack

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Jump to: navigation, search


Brokeback Mountain: Original Motion Picture Soundtrack
 
Soundtrack album by Gustavo Santaolalla

Released
November 1, 2005
Recorded
2005
Genre
Country folk ·
 country ·
 soundtrack
 
Length
43:21
Label
Verve
Producer
Gustavo Santaolalla
Gustavo Santaolalla chronology

The Motorcycle Diaries
 (2004) Brokeback Mountain
 (2005) North Country
 (2005)
 

Professional ratings

Review scores

Source
Rating
AllMusic 3.5/5 stars[1]
Brokeback Mountain: Original Motion Picture Soundtrack refers to either or both the two-hour musical soundtrack edited into the 2005 film, Brokeback Mountain, and the recorded albums of music selected from the film. Some albums have different performers substituted for those heard in the film. The entire chronological list of compositions in the two-hour soundtrack is annotated with notes about the film scenes (see below: Complete Soundtrack listing).


Contents  [hide]
1 Musical album recordings
2 Track listing of Verve CD
3 Track listing for "The Wings" CD single
4 Complete soundtrack listing
5 See also
6 References

Musical album recordings[edit]
Brokeback Mountain is the original soundtrack album as an audio CD, on the Verve Forecast label, of the 2005 film Brokeback Mountain starring Heath Ledger and Jake Gyllenhaal. The original score and songs were composed and produced by Gustavo Santaolalla. The album has shipped 300,000 units worldwide and 100,000 of them have been sold in the United States.[2]
The album was nominated for two Golden Globe Awards: Best Original Score and Best Original Song ("A Love That Will Never Grow Old"), winning the latter. It won the Academy Award for Original Music Score and was nominated for a Grammy Award as Best Compilation Soundtrack Album For Motion Picture, Television Or Other Visual Media.
Brokeback Mountain is the name of another soundtrack album, on the Wonderful Music label, of the 2005 film Brokeback Mountain, with the original compositions performed, instead, by the Global Stage Orchestra. The release date of this album was June 6, 2006, and it has the same track listing as the Verve CD.
Track listing of Verve CD[edit]
1."Opening" by Gustavo Santaolalla – 1:31
2."He Was a Friend of Mine" by Willie Nelson – 4:42
3."Brokeback Mountain I" by Gustavo Santaolalla – 2:32
4."A Love That Will Never Grow Old" by Emmylou Harris – 3:20
5."King of the Road" by Teddy Thompson & Rufus Wainwright – 2:53
6."Snow" by Gustavo Santaolalla – 1:18
7."The Devil's Right Hand" by Steve Earle – 2:34
8."No One's Gonna Love You Like Me" by Mary McBride – 3:06
9."Brokeback Mountain II" by Gustavo Santaolalla – 1:59
10."I Don't Want to Say Goodbye" by Teddy Thompson – 3:12
11."I Will Never Let You Go" by Jackie Greene – 1:55
12."Riding Horses" by Gustavo Santaolalla – 1:24
13."An Angel Went Up in Flames" by The Gas Band – 2:36
14."It's So Easy" by Linda Ronstadt – 2:27
15."Brokeback Mountain III" by Gustavo Santaolalla – 2:14
16."The Maker Makes" by Rufus Wainwright – 3:50
17."The Wings" by Gustavo Santaolalla – 1:52
Since the release of the soundtrack album by Verve Records, three remixes of the Gustavo Santaolalla track "The Wings" have been created and released by Verve on a CD single.
Track listing for "The Wings" CD single[edit]
1."The Wings" (Gabriel & Dresden's Organized Nature Remix)
2."The Wings" (Manny Lehman, Tony Moran & Warren Rigg Collaboration Remix)
3."The Wings" (Manny Lehman Remix)
Complete soundtrack listing[edit]
The film used a combination of original compositions and previously recorded material for background and incidental music. Much of the music used in the film does not appear on the Verve Records soundtrack CD (see above), and some of that which is on the CD is presented out of order. Here is a list of the music and music references on the film soundtrack in order of appearance in film:
1."Universal Pictures fanfare" – On-screen Universal Pictures title card
2."Focus Features fanfare" – On-screen Focus Features title card
3."River Road Entertainment fanfare" – On-screen River Road Entertainment title card
4."Opening" by Gustavo Santaolalla – Start of film; Ennis arrives in Signal, Wyoming
5."Brokeback Mountain #1" by Gustavo Santaolalla – Jack & Ennis embark on shepherding trip
6."Camp" by Gustavo Santaolalla – Jack and Ennis herd sheep and establish campsite #1 on Brokeback Mountain
7.(same as No. 36) "Riding Horses" by Gustavo Santaolalla – Jack rides away from camp, naps with sheep; Ennis carves wooden horse while it rains; "no more beans"; Ennis washes blue coffee pot in stream.
8."The Cowboy's Lament" (also known as "The Streets of Laredo"; public domain) – Hummed by Ennis on horseback just before his encounter with the bear on the trail
9."Carrying Sheep" by Gustavo Santaolalla – Montage: Jack asleep by log, setting up campsite #2, "tent don't look right" comment
10."Harmonica #1" by Gustavo Santaolalla – Jack plays a riff of "He was a Friend of Mine" (No. 53 of this list)
11."Water Walkin' Jesus" – Jack and Ennis talk religion around campfire
12."Getting Drunk" by Gustavo Santaolalla – Ennis, drunk, tosses whiskey bottle, then falls asleep outdoors next to campfire
13."Horse Love" by Gustavo Santaolalla – Ennis rides off from camp; finds dead sheep; joins Jack overlooking meadow; passionate scene in tent that night at camp; Joe Aguirre spies on Jack and Ennis with binoculars
14."Harmonica #2" by Gustavo Santaolalla – Jack plays a riff of "He was a Friend of Mine" (No. 53 of this list) on horseback after having separated the mixed-up sheep herds
15."Crying in Alley" by Gustavo Santaolalla – Ennis breaks down, sobbing and sick to his stomach, in an alley in Signal, Wyoming
16."Snow" by Gustavo Santaolalla – Ennis and Alma ride toboggan; Ennis and Timmy spread asphalt; Alma & Ennis watch movie at drive-in theater
17."Jukebox" by Ken Strange, Randall Pugh, Ron Guffnett – Playing on Jack's pickup truck radio as he arrives in Signal in 1964
18."Trust in Lies" by The Raven Shadows featuring Tim Ferguson – Jack tries to buy Jimbo a beer
19."The Battle Hymn of the Republic (John Brown's Body)" Traditional – Amateur band performs prior to the 4th of July fireworks show
20."I Will Never Let You Go" by Jackie Greene – Jack meets Lureen at the Rodeo Dance (Instrumental version in the film is credited as: "I Won't Let You Go" by Santaolalla)
21."No One's Gonna Love You Like Me" by Mary McBride/Santaolalla – Jack and Lureen dance at the Rodeo Dance
22."All Night Blues" by The Raven Shadows – Song quietly playing on Lureen's car radio
23.Music box tune – in the nursery
24."Post Office" by Gustavo Santaolalla – Ennis mails Jack the "You bet" postcard
25."Kiss" by Gustavo Santaolalla – Ennis and Jack reunited in Riverton
26."Brokeback Mountain #2" by Gustavo Santaolalla – Alma cries as Ennis and Jack leave; they arrive and jump naked from cliff into lake; "You know it could be like this, just like this always" campfire scene
27."Flashback" by Gustavo Santaolalla – Ennis describes Rich and Earl
28."The Wings" by Gustavo Santaolalla – Alma & Ennis fight in front of their girls (playing on swings)
29."Tractors" (version of "The Wings") by Gustavo Santaolalla – Jack shows off a new combine; Alma reads Jack's postcard; Jack hunts for the blue parka (at 1:13:55)
30."You Are Late" by Gustavo Santaolalla – Ennis arrives with horses in truck, Jack says "You're late." Horse riding scenes; Jack and a young Bobby ride "no hands" in a giant tractor; Ennis feeds hay.
31."King of the Road" by Roger Miller – Jack sings with radio while driving to visit Ennis (Note: Roger Miller's version is heard in the film; soundtrack album's version is performed by Teddy Thompson and Rufus Wainwright)
32."A Love That Will Never Grow Old" by Emmylou Harris – Jack leaves Ennis and drives south on highway towards the Mexican border
33."Quizas, Quizas, Quizas" by Rick Garcia – Jack picks up a hustler in Juarez, Mexico
34."Capriccio Espagnol Op. 34" by Nikolai Rimsky-Korsakov, performed by Philharmonia Slavonica – Music for the figure skaters on TV during Thanksgiving at Alma and Monroe's
35."Mason Dixon Line" by Jeff Wilson – playing in the bar during the fight in the street
36."Riding Horses" by Gustavo Santaolalla – Jack and Ennis ride horses; camp by the river; Ennis washes blue coffee pot in stream.
37."For What It's Worth" by Stephen Stills/Buffalo Springfield – Line spoken by Jack referencing title, but actual song is not heard in film
38."The Devil's Right Hand" by Steve Earle – Ennis meets Cassie Cartwright at Riverton bar
39."It's So Easy" by Buddy Holly, performed by Linda Ronstadt – Ennis and Cassie at Riverton bar
40."An Angel Went Up in Flames" by The Gas Band – Dancing at the Childress Benefit Dance
41."I Don't Want to Say Goodbye" by Teddy Thompson – Jack dances with Lashawn at the Benefit Dance
42."D-I-V-O-R-C-E" by Tammy Wynette – Ennis, Cassie and Alma Jr. at the Riverton bar
43."Melissa" by The Allman Brothers – Ennis, Cassie and Alma Jr. at the Riverton bar
44."I'll Be Gone" by T. Gadsden/F. Peterson – Song heard softly on Ennis's truck radio as he drops Alma Junior back home and drives off
45."Brokeback Mountain #3" by Gustavo Santaolalla – Ennis and Jack's final trip; argument at lake; flashback scene of happier days back in 1963
46."Bigger Than My Body" by John Mayer- Jack in flashback scene
47."I'm Always on a Mountain When I Fall" by Merle Haggard – Cassie confronts Ennis at bus station
48."Jack Deceased" by Gustavo Santaolalla – Ennis collects mail and discovers "Deceased" message stamped on his returned postcard
49."The Dying Hobo/Big Rock Candy Mountain" (two forms of the same folk song) – Referenced by key lyrics used as dialogue, but actual song is not heard in film: line spoken by Lureen, "Where bluebirds sing and there's a whisky spring" related to song chorus lyrics "At the lemonade springs, Where the bluebird sings, On the big rock candy mountain" (1906 lyrics).[3]
50."Closet" by Gustavo Santaolalla – Ennis discovers the two shirts in Jack's closet; leaves the Twist home; truck drives on highway.
51."Eyes of Green" by Jeff Wilson – Song heard on Alma Jr.'s car radio when she arrives at Ennis's trailer
52."Ending" (version of "The Wings") by Gustavo Santaolalla – Ennis at the closet (at 2:06:56)
53."He Was a Friend of Mine" by Willie Nelson – Roll of end credits
54."The Maker Makes" by Rufus Wainwright – Later in roll of end credits.
See also[edit]
Cowboys Are Frequently, Secretly Fond of Each Other
"Brokeback Mountain" short story: description of original/amended Proulx story
Brokeback Mountain awards: description of related film awards
References[edit]
1.Jump up ^ Jurek, Thom. "Brokeback Mountain [Original Motion Picture Soundtrack]". Allmusic. Rovi Corporation. Retrieved April 8, 2011.
2.Jump up ^ "Universal Music". New.umusic.com. Retrieved 2012-02-08.
3.Jump up ^ "The Big Rock Candy Mountain" (notes/lyrics), Grahamqckr, 2001, webpage: AF-famoustramp.

Awards
Preceded by
Finding Neverland Academy Award for Best Original Score
 2005 Succeeded by
Babel


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A Love That Will Never Grow Old

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Jump to: navigation, search


"A Love That Will Never Grow Old"

song by Emmylou Harris from the album Brokeback Mountain: Original Motion Picture Soundtrack

Released
2005
Recorded
2005
Genre
Country
Length
3:21
Label
Verve Forecast
Writer
Bernie Taupin
Composer
Gustavo Santaolalla
Brokeback Mountain: Original Motion Picture Soundtrack track listing

"Brokeback Mountain I"
 (3) "A Love That Will Never Grow Old"
 (4) "King of the Road"
 (5)
 
"A Love That Will Never Grow Old" is a song from the film Brokeback Mountain. Its music was composed by Argentine composer Gustavo Santaolalla, with lyrics by Bernie Taupin, and performed by singer Emmylou Harris. It won the 2005 Golden Globe Award for Best Original Song,[1] the Satellite Award and the Internet Movie Award for Best Original Song. The song was nominated at the World Soundtrack Awards for Best Original Song Written Directly for a Film. It is available on the film soundtrack.
Reception[edit]
Thom Jurek from Allmusic described the song as "simple, spare, and poignant", and marked it as a highlight from the film soundtrack.[2]
References[edit]
1.Jump up ^ "63rd Golden Globe Award Winners". Golden Globe Awards. Hollywood Foreign Press Association. January 16, 2006. Retrieved April 8, 2011.
2.Jump up ^ Jurek, Thom. "Brokeback Mountain [Original Motion Picture Soundtrack]". Allmusic. Rovi Corporation. Retrieved April 8, 2011.


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Categories: 2005 songs
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A Love That Will Never Grow Old

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Jump to: navigation, search


"A Love That Will Never Grow Old"

song by Emmylou Harris from the album Brokeback Mountain: Original Motion Picture Soundtrack

Released
2005
Recorded
2005
Genre
Country
Length
3:21
Label
Verve Forecast
Writer
Bernie Taupin
Composer
Gustavo Santaolalla
Brokeback Mountain: Original Motion Picture Soundtrack track listing

"Brokeback Mountain I"
 (3) "A Love That Will Never Grow Old"
 (4) "King of the Road"
 (5)
 
"A Love That Will Never Grow Old" is a song from the film Brokeback Mountain. Its music was composed by Argentine composer Gustavo Santaolalla, with lyrics by Bernie Taupin, and performed by singer Emmylou Harris. It won the 2005 Golden Globe Award for Best Original Song,[1] the Satellite Award and the Internet Movie Award for Best Original Song. The song was nominated at the World Soundtrack Awards for Best Original Song Written Directly for a Film. It is available on the film soundtrack.
Reception[edit]
Thom Jurek from Allmusic described the song as "simple, spare, and poignant", and marked it as a highlight from the film soundtrack.[2]
References[edit]
1.Jump up ^ "63rd Golden Globe Award Winners". Golden Globe Awards. Hollywood Foreign Press Association. January 16, 2006. Retrieved April 8, 2011.
2.Jump up ^ Jurek, Thom. "Brokeback Mountain [Original Motion Picture Soundtrack]". Allmusic. Rovi Corporation. Retrieved April 8, 2011.


[show]
v ·
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 e
 
Brokeback Mountain

 





 





 




 


[show]
v ·
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 e
 
Golden Globe Award for Best Original Song (2000s)

 











 









 



Stub icon This 2000s country song-related article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.




  


Categories: 2005 songs
Best Original Song Golden Globe winning songs
Brokeback Mountain
Emmylou Harris songs
LGBT-related songs
Songs from films
Songs with lyrics by Bernie Taupin
Songs written by Gustavo Santaolalla
Verve Forecast Records singles
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List of accolades received by Brokeback Mountain

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The film Brokeback Mountain received many awards, including three Academy Awards for Best Director, Best Adapted Screenplay, and Best Score as well as four Golden Globe awards for Best Motion Picture – Drama, Best Director, Best Song, and Best Screenplay and four BAFTA Awards for Best Film, Best Director, Best Adapted Screenplay and Best Supporting Actor (Jake Gyllenhaal). The film also received four Screen Actors Guild nominations for Best Actor, Best Supporting Actor, Best Supporting Actress and Best Ensemble, more than any other movie released in 2005.


Contents  [hide]
1 Accolades 1.1 Organizations
1.2 Guilds
1.3 Film festivals
1.4 Other accolades 1.4.1 Won
1.4.2 Nominations

2 Post-Academy Awards reaction
3 See also
4 References
5 External links

Accolades[edit]
Organizations[edit]

Organization
Category
Recipients and nominees
Result
Academy Awards Best Actor in a Leading Role Heath Ledger Nominated
Best Actor in a Supporting Role Jake Gyllenhaal Nominated
Best Actress in a Supporting Role Michelle Williams Nominated
Best Cinematography Rodrigo Prieto Nominated
Best Director Ang Lee Won
Best Picture Diana Ossana and James Schamus Nominated
Best Original Score Gustavo Santaolalla Won
Best Adapted Screenplay Larry McMurtry and Diana Ossana Won
BAFTA Awards Best Actor in a Leading Role Heath Ledger Nominated
Best Actor in a Supporting Role Jake Gyllenhaal Won
Best Actress in a Supporting Role Michelle Williams Nominated
Best Cinematography Rodrigo Prieto Nominated
Best Director Ang Lee Won
Best Editing Geraldine Peroni and Dylan Tichenor Nominated
Best Film Won
Best Film Music Gustavo Santaolalla Nominated
Best Screenplay – Adapted Larry McMurtry and Diana Ossana Won
GLAAD Media Awards Outstanding Film – Wide Release Won
Golden Globe Awards Best Actor – Motion Picture Drama Heath Ledger Nominated
Best Supporting Actress Michelle Williams Nominated
Best Director Ang Lee Won
Best Motion Picture – Drama Won
Best Original Score Gustavo Santaolalla Nominated
Best Original Song Gustavo Santaolalla and Bernie Taupin
Song: "A Love That Will Never Grow Old" Won
Best Screenplay Larry McMurtry and Diana Ossana Won
Grammy Awards Best Compilation Soundtrack Album – Film, Television or Other Visual Media Various artists, including Gustavo Santaolalla Nominated
Independent Spirit Awards Best Male Lead Heath Ledger Nominated
Best Female Lead Michelle Williams Nominated
Best Director Ang Lee Won
Best Feature Diana Ossana and James Schamus Won
Satellite Awards Best Actor – Motion Picture Drama Heath Ledger Nominated
Best Supporting Actor – Motion Picture Jake Gyllenhaal Nominated
Best Director Ang Lee Won
Best Editing Geraldine Peroni and Dylan Tichenor Won
Best Film – Drama Won
Best Original Score Gustavo Santaolalla Nominated
Best Original Song Gustavo Santaolalla and Bernie Taupin
Song: "A Love That Will Never Grow Old" Won
Best Screenplay – Adapted Larry McMurtry and Diana Ossana Nominated
Guilds[edit]

Guild
Category
Recipients and nominees
Result
American Cinema Editors Best Editing – Drama Film Geraldine Peroni and Dylan Tichenor Nominated
American Society of Cinematographers Outstanding Cinematography – Theatrical Releases Rodrigo Prieto Nominated
Casting Society of America Best Casting – Drama Film Avy Kaufman Won
Directors Guild of America Outstanding Directing – Feature Film Ang Lee Won
Producers Guild of America Motion Picture Producer of the Year Diana Ossana and James Schamus Won
Screen Actors Guild Outstanding Performance by a Male Actor in a Leading Role Heath Ledger Nominated
Outstanding Performance by a Male Actor in a Supporting Role Jake Gyllenhaal Nominated
Outstanding Performance by a Female Actor in a Supporting Role Michelle Williams Nominated
Outstanding Performance by a Cast in a Motion Picture Nominated
Writers Guild of America Best Screenplay – Adapted Larry McMurtry and Diana Ossana Won
Film festivals[edit]

Festival
Category
Recipients and nominees
Result
Santa Barbara Film Festival Outstanding Performance of the Year Heath Ledger Won
Venice Film Festival Best Film: Golden Lion Ang Lee Won
Other accolades[edit]
Won[edit]
##Aurora Film Awards 2005: Best Picture, Best Adapted Screenplay (Larry McMurtry and Diana Ossana), Best Song
##Austin Film Critics Association: Best Adapted Screenplay (Larry McMurtry and Diana Ossana)
##Boston Society of Film Critics: Best Picture, Best Director (Ang Lee)
##Box Office Mojo: The Ten Most Impressive Box Office Performances of 2005
##Central Ohio Film Critics Association: Top 10 Films, Best Lead Performance (Heath Ledger), Best Screenplay
##Chicago Film Critics Association: Best Cinematography (Rodrigo Prieto), Best Score (Gustavo Santaolalla)
##(International) Cinephile Society: Best Picture, Best Actor, Best Supporting Actor, Best Adapted Screenplay, BFCA Film of the Month - December 2005
##Critics' Choice Award: Best Picture, Best Director (Ang Lee), Best Supporting Actress (Michelle Williams)
##Dallas-Fort Worth Film Critics Association: Top 10 Films, Best Picture, Best Director (Ang Lee), Best Screenplay (Larry McMurtry and Diana Ossana), Best Cinematography (Roberto Prieto)
##European Film Awards: Best Director (Ang Lee)
##Florida Film Critics Circle: Best Picture, Best Director (Ang Lee), Best Screenplay (Larry McMurtry and Diana Ossana), Cinematography (Roberto Prieto)
##GLAAD Media Awards: Outstanding Film – Wide Release
##Independent Spirit Awards: Best Picture, Best Director (Ang Lee)
##Internet Movie Awards: Favorite Picture, Favorite Actor in a Leading Role (Heath Ledger), Favorite Actor in a Supporting Role (Jake Gyllenhaal), Favorite Actress in a Supporting Role (Michelle Williams), Favorite Director (Ang Lee), Favorite Screenplay (Larry McMurtry and Diana Ossana), Favorite Soundtrack or Music Score (Gustavo Santaolalla), Favorite Song ("A Love That Will Never Grow Old"), Breakthrough Performance (Michelle Williams)
##Iowa Film Critics: Best Picture, Best Director (Ang Lee)
##Las Vegas Film Critics Society: Best Picture, Best Actor (Heath Ledger), Best Director (Ang Lee)
##London Film Critics Circle: Best Film, Best Director of the Year
##Los Angeles Film Critics Association: Best Picture, Best Director (Ang Lee)
##MTV Movie Awards: Best Performance (Jake Gyllenhaal), Best Kiss (Heath Ledger and Jake Gyllenhaal)
##National Board of Review: Top 10 Films, Best Director (Ang Lee), Best Supporting Actor (Jake Gyllenhaal)
##National Public Radio: Bob Mondello's Top Films for 2005
##New York Film Critics Circle: Best Picture, Best Director (Ang Lee), Best Actor (Heath Ledger)
##Online Film Critics Society: Best Picture, Best Director, Best Actor, Best Supporting Actor, Best Adapted Screenplay (Larry McMurtry and Diana Ossana), Best Score (Gustavo Santaolalla), Best Ensemble, Best Cinematography, Best Song, Best Cinematic Moment (Finding the Shirt), Best Website
##Phoenix Film Critics Society: Top Ten Films, Best Performance by an Actor in a Lead Role (Heath Ledger), Best Performance by an Actor in a Supporting Role (Jake Gyllenhaal), Best Performance by an Actress in a Supporting Role (Michelle Williams), Best Screenplay Adapted from Another Medium, Best Cinematography
##San Francisco Film Critics: Best Picture, Best Director (Ang Lee), Best Actor (Heath Ledger)
##British Film Institute: Best Film
##Southeastern Film Critics Association: Top 10 Films, Best Picture, Best Director (Ang Lee), Best Adapted Screenplay (Larry McMurtry and Diana Ossana)
##St. Louis Gateway Film Critics Association: Best Picture, Best Actor (Heath Ledger), Best Director (Ang Lee), Best Screenplay (Larry McMurtry and Diana Ossana)
##Utah Film Critics: Best Film, Best Director (Ang Lee)
##Vancouver Film Critics: Best Picture, Best Director (Ange Lee)
##World Soundtrack Awards: Public Choice Award (Gustavo Santaolalla)
Nominations[edit]
##Amanda Awards (Norway): Best Foreign Feature Film
##Broadcast Film Critics Association: Best Actor (Heath Ledger), Best Supporting Actor (Jake Gyllenhaal), Best Writer (Larry McMurtry and Diana Ossana), Best Song (Emmylou Harris, "A Love That Will Never Grow Old"), Best Composer (Gustavo Santaolalla)
##Central Ohio Film Critics Association: (1st Runner-Up) Best Picture, Best Director (Ang Lee), Best Ensemble Cast, Best Formal Design
##Chicago Film Critics Association: Best Picture, Best Director (Ang Lee), Best Actor (Heath Ledger), Best Supporting Actor (Jake Gyllenhaal), Best Supporting Actress (Michelle Williams)
##Dallas-Fort Worth Film Critics Association: (1st Runner-Up) Best Actor (Heath Ledger), (2nd Runner-Up) Best Supporting Actor (Jake Gyllenhaal), (1st Runner-Up) Best Supporting Actress (Michelle Williams)
##David di Donatello Awards (Italy): Best Foreign Film
##European Film Awards: Screen International Award (Ang Lee)
##Gotham Awards: Best Picture, Best Ensemble Cast
##Independent Spirit Awards: Best Male Lead (Heath Ledger), Best Female Lead (Michelle Williams)
##Los Angeles Film Critics Association: (1st Runner-Up) Best Actor (Heath Ledger)
##National Board of Review: (1st Runner-Up) Best Picture, Best Actor (Heath Ledger)
##National Society of Film Critics: (2nd Runner-Up) Best Actor (Heath Ledger)
##Online Film Critics Society: Best Picture, Best Actor (Heath Ledger), Best Supporting Actor (Jake Gyllenhaal), Best Supporting Actress (Michelle Williams), Best Director (Ang Lee)
##Southeastern Film Critics Association: (1st Runner-Up) Best Actor (Heath Ledger), (1st Runner-Up) Best Supporting Actress (Michelle Williams)
##USC Scripter Award: Best Realization of a Book Adapted to Film (Larry McMurtry and Diana Ossana (Screenwriters), E. Annie Proulx (Author))
##World Soundtrack Awards: Best Original Soundtrack of the Year (Gustavo Santaolalla), Best Original Song Written for Film ("A Love That Will Never Grow Old")
Post-Academy Awards reaction[edit]
Some critics accused the Academy of homophobia for failing to award the Oscar for Best Picture to Brokeback Mountain and instead giving it to a rival nominee, Crash:
##Kenneth Turan, Los Angeles Times: "In the privacy of the voting booth, as many political candidates who've led in polls only to lose elections have found out, people are free to act out the unspoken fears and unconscious prejudices that they would never breathe to another soul, or, likely, acknowledge to themselves. And at least this year, that acting out doomed Brokeback Mountain." [1]
##Nikki Finke, Los Angeles Weekly: "I knew there was a chance that, even without seeing the movie, Oscar voters could feel guilt-tripped or succumb to a herd mentality to vote for the "gay-cowboy" movie and strike a blow against Republican wedge politics and extremist religious hatemongering. But they didn't, and Brokeback lost for all the Right's reasons."[2]
##Peter Howell, Toronto Star: "Sunday's selection of Crash over Brokeback Mountain for Best Picture was the first time in memory that fear seemed to be the guiding impulse for awarding Oscar's top prize. Faced with the choice between a feel-good movie about the evils of racism and a troublesome film that challenged prejudices about homosexual love, Academy voters grabbed their security blankets and started sucking on their thumbs."[3]
Author Annie Proulx has also blamed right-wing influences for the film's failure to win Best Picture:
"The people connected with Brokeback Mountain, including me, hoped that, having been nominated for eight Academy Awards, it would get Best Picture as it had at the funny, lively Independent Spirit Awards. We should have known conservative heffalump Academy voters would have rather different ideas of what was stirring contemporary culture. Roughly 6,000 film industry voters, most in the Los Angeles area, many living cloistered lives behind wrought-iron gates or in deluxe rest-homes, out of touch not only with the shifting larger culture and the yeasty ferment that is America these days, but also out of touch with their own segregated city, decide which films are good. And rumour has it that Lions Gate inundated the Academy voters with DVD copies of Trash - excuse me - "Crash" a few weeks before the ballot deadline. Next year we can look to the awards for controversial themes on the punishment of adulterers with a branding iron in the shape of the letter A, runaway slaves, and the debate over free silver."
The writer has also pondered whether Philip Seymour Hoffman's performance, though "brilliant", involved the easier acting skill of "mimicry" (by implication, unlike Heath Ledger's Oscar-nominated Brokeback Mountain performance, in which he invented the clenched-jaw and mannerisms of "Ennis Del Mar").[4]
Supporting the charge of homophobia were media reports that some members of the Academy were so opposed to the subject matter of the film that they refused to even view Brokeback Mountain before voting.[5]
Other critics, however, pointed out that the charge of homophobia is an easy one to make, and that it was equally as likely that the Academy simply thought Crash to be a better film.[6]
The Ultimate Brokeback Forum, a web forum of several thousand members, self-financed and designed a grass roots, full page ad in the May 10, 2006 issue of Daily Variety, thanking the creators of Brokeback Mountain, listing all of the significant Best Picture Awards the film received. This particular issue of Daily Variety was covered by such news organizations as The New York Times, Newsweek, and the UK newspaper The Daily Telegraph.
See also[edit]
##Brokeback Mountain soundtrack: description of related soundtrack recordings.
##"Brokeback Mountain" short story: description of original/amended Proulx story.
References[edit]
1.Jump up ^ "Los Angeles Times". LATimes.com. Retrieved 2011-11-17.
2.Jump up ^ "Lost Angeles Weekly". DeadlineHollywoodDaily.com. Retrieved 2011-11-17.
3.Jump up ^ "Toronto Star". TheStar.com. Retrieved 2011-11-17.
4.Jump up ^ "The Guardian". Guardian.co.uk. Retrieved 2011-11-17.
5.Jump up ^ Pond, Steve. "AMPAS policy: If you skipped "Brokeback," you shouldn't have voted". Retrieved 2005-05-11.[dead link]
6.Jump up ^ Ebert, Roger (2006-03-06). "The fury of the 'Crash'-lash". Chicago Sun-Times. Retrieved 2010-06-07.
External links[edit]
##Awards for Brokeback Mountain at Internet Movie Database


[hide]
v ·
 t ·
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Brokeback Mountain

 
Short story ·
 Soundtrack ·
 Critical reception ·
 Annie Proulx
 
 
Characters
Ennis Del Mar ·
 Jack Twist
 
 
Songs
"A Love That Will Never Grow Old"
 

  


Categories: Lists of accolades by film
Brokeback Mountain





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List of accolades received by Brokeback Mountain

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Jump to: navigation, search

The film Brokeback Mountain received many awards, including three Academy Awards for Best Director, Best Adapted Screenplay, and Best Score as well as four Golden Globe awards for Best Motion Picture – Drama, Best Director, Best Song, and Best Screenplay and four BAFTA Awards for Best Film, Best Director, Best Adapted Screenplay and Best Supporting Actor (Jake Gyllenhaal). The film also received four Screen Actors Guild nominations for Best Actor, Best Supporting Actor, Best Supporting Actress and Best Ensemble, more than any other movie released in 2005.


Contents  [hide]
1 Accolades 1.1 Organizations
1.2 Guilds
1.3 Film festivals
1.4 Other accolades 1.4.1 Won
1.4.2 Nominations

2 Post-Academy Awards reaction
3 See also
4 References
5 External links

Accolades[edit]
Organizations[edit]

Organization
Category
Recipients and nominees
Result
Academy Awards Best Actor in a Leading Role Heath Ledger Nominated
Best Actor in a Supporting Role Jake Gyllenhaal Nominated
Best Actress in a Supporting Role Michelle Williams Nominated
Best Cinematography Rodrigo Prieto Nominated
Best Director Ang Lee Won
Best Picture Diana Ossana and James Schamus Nominated
Best Original Score Gustavo Santaolalla Won
Best Adapted Screenplay Larry McMurtry and Diana Ossana Won
BAFTA Awards Best Actor in a Leading Role Heath Ledger Nominated
Best Actor in a Supporting Role Jake Gyllenhaal Won
Best Actress in a Supporting Role Michelle Williams Nominated
Best Cinematography Rodrigo Prieto Nominated
Best Director Ang Lee Won
Best Editing Geraldine Peroni and Dylan Tichenor Nominated
Best Film Won
Best Film Music Gustavo Santaolalla Nominated
Best Screenplay – Adapted Larry McMurtry and Diana Ossana Won
GLAAD Media Awards Outstanding Film – Wide Release Won
Golden Globe Awards Best Actor – Motion Picture Drama Heath Ledger Nominated
Best Supporting Actress Michelle Williams Nominated
Best Director Ang Lee Won
Best Motion Picture – Drama Won
Best Original Score Gustavo Santaolalla Nominated
Best Original Song Gustavo Santaolalla and Bernie Taupin
Song: "A Love That Will Never Grow Old" Won
Best Screenplay Larry McMurtry and Diana Ossana Won
Grammy Awards Best Compilation Soundtrack Album – Film, Television or Other Visual Media Various artists, including Gustavo Santaolalla Nominated
Independent Spirit Awards Best Male Lead Heath Ledger Nominated
Best Female Lead Michelle Williams Nominated
Best Director Ang Lee Won
Best Feature Diana Ossana and James Schamus Won
Satellite Awards Best Actor – Motion Picture Drama Heath Ledger Nominated
Best Supporting Actor – Motion Picture Jake Gyllenhaal Nominated
Best Director Ang Lee Won
Best Editing Geraldine Peroni and Dylan Tichenor Won
Best Film – Drama Won
Best Original Score Gustavo Santaolalla Nominated
Best Original Song Gustavo Santaolalla and Bernie Taupin
Song: "A Love That Will Never Grow Old" Won
Best Screenplay – Adapted Larry McMurtry and Diana Ossana Nominated
Guilds[edit]

Guild
Category
Recipients and nominees
Result
American Cinema Editors Best Editing – Drama Film Geraldine Peroni and Dylan Tichenor Nominated
American Society of Cinematographers Outstanding Cinematography – Theatrical Releases Rodrigo Prieto Nominated
Casting Society of America Best Casting – Drama Film Avy Kaufman Won
Directors Guild of America Outstanding Directing – Feature Film Ang Lee Won
Producers Guild of America Motion Picture Producer of the Year Diana Ossana and James Schamus Won
Screen Actors Guild Outstanding Performance by a Male Actor in a Leading Role Heath Ledger Nominated
Outstanding Performance by a Male Actor in a Supporting Role Jake Gyllenhaal Nominated
Outstanding Performance by a Female Actor in a Supporting Role Michelle Williams Nominated
Outstanding Performance by a Cast in a Motion Picture Nominated
Writers Guild of America Best Screenplay – Adapted Larry McMurtry and Diana Ossana Won
Film festivals[edit]

Festival
Category
Recipients and nominees
Result
Santa Barbara Film Festival Outstanding Performance of the Year Heath Ledger Won
Venice Film Festival Best Film: Golden Lion Ang Lee Won
Other accolades[edit]
Won[edit]
##Aurora Film Awards 2005: Best Picture, Best Adapted Screenplay (Larry McMurtry and Diana Ossana), Best Song
##Austin Film Critics Association: Best Adapted Screenplay (Larry McMurtry and Diana Ossana)
##Boston Society of Film Critics: Best Picture, Best Director (Ang Lee)
##Box Office Mojo: The Ten Most Impressive Box Office Performances of 2005
##Central Ohio Film Critics Association: Top 10 Films, Best Lead Performance (Heath Ledger), Best Screenplay
##Chicago Film Critics Association: Best Cinematography (Rodrigo Prieto), Best Score (Gustavo Santaolalla)
##(International) Cinephile Society: Best Picture, Best Actor, Best Supporting Actor, Best Adapted Screenplay, BFCA Film of the Month - December 2005
##Critics' Choice Award: Best Picture, Best Director (Ang Lee), Best Supporting Actress (Michelle Williams)
##Dallas-Fort Worth Film Critics Association: Top 10 Films, Best Picture, Best Director (Ang Lee), Best Screenplay (Larry McMurtry and Diana Ossana), Best Cinematography (Roberto Prieto)
##European Film Awards: Best Director (Ang Lee)
##Florida Film Critics Circle: Best Picture, Best Director (Ang Lee), Best Screenplay (Larry McMurtry and Diana Ossana), Cinematography (Roberto Prieto)
##GLAAD Media Awards: Outstanding Film – Wide Release
##Independent Spirit Awards: Best Picture, Best Director (Ang Lee)
##Internet Movie Awards: Favorite Picture, Favorite Actor in a Leading Role (Heath Ledger), Favorite Actor in a Supporting Role (Jake Gyllenhaal), Favorite Actress in a Supporting Role (Michelle Williams), Favorite Director (Ang Lee), Favorite Screenplay (Larry McMurtry and Diana Ossana), Favorite Soundtrack or Music Score (Gustavo Santaolalla), Favorite Song ("A Love That Will Never Grow Old"), Breakthrough Performance (Michelle Williams)
##Iowa Film Critics: Best Picture, Best Director (Ang Lee)
##Las Vegas Film Critics Society: Best Picture, Best Actor (Heath Ledger), Best Director (Ang Lee)
##London Film Critics Circle: Best Film, Best Director of the Year
##Los Angeles Film Critics Association: Best Picture, Best Director (Ang Lee)
##MTV Movie Awards: Best Performance (Jake Gyllenhaal), Best Kiss (Heath Ledger and Jake Gyllenhaal)
##National Board of Review: Top 10 Films, Best Director (Ang Lee), Best Supporting Actor (Jake Gyllenhaal)
##National Public Radio: Bob Mondello's Top Films for 2005
##New York Film Critics Circle: Best Picture, Best Director (Ang Lee), Best Actor (Heath Ledger)
##Online Film Critics Society: Best Picture, Best Director, Best Actor, Best Supporting Actor, Best Adapted Screenplay (Larry McMurtry and Diana Ossana), Best Score (Gustavo Santaolalla), Best Ensemble, Best Cinematography, Best Song, Best Cinematic Moment (Finding the Shirt), Best Website
##Phoenix Film Critics Society: Top Ten Films, Best Performance by an Actor in a Lead Role (Heath Ledger), Best Performance by an Actor in a Supporting Role (Jake Gyllenhaal), Best Performance by an Actress in a Supporting Role (Michelle Williams), Best Screenplay Adapted from Another Medium, Best Cinematography
##San Francisco Film Critics: Best Picture, Best Director (Ang Lee), Best Actor (Heath Ledger)
##British Film Institute: Best Film
##Southeastern Film Critics Association: Top 10 Films, Best Picture, Best Director (Ang Lee), Best Adapted Screenplay (Larry McMurtry and Diana Ossana)
##St. Louis Gateway Film Critics Association: Best Picture, Best Actor (Heath Ledger), Best Director (Ang Lee), Best Screenplay (Larry McMurtry and Diana Ossana)
##Utah Film Critics: Best Film, Best Director (Ang Lee)
##Vancouver Film Critics: Best Picture, Best Director (Ange Lee)
##World Soundtrack Awards: Public Choice Award (Gustavo Santaolalla)
Nominations[edit]
##Amanda Awards (Norway): Best Foreign Feature Film
##Broadcast Film Critics Association: Best Actor (Heath Ledger), Best Supporting Actor (Jake Gyllenhaal), Best Writer (Larry McMurtry and Diana Ossana), Best Song (Emmylou Harris, "A Love That Will Never Grow Old"), Best Composer (Gustavo Santaolalla)
##Central Ohio Film Critics Association: (1st Runner-Up) Best Picture, Best Director (Ang Lee), Best Ensemble Cast, Best Formal Design
##Chicago Film Critics Association: Best Picture, Best Director (Ang Lee), Best Actor (Heath Ledger), Best Supporting Actor (Jake Gyllenhaal), Best Supporting Actress (Michelle Williams)
##Dallas-Fort Worth Film Critics Association: (1st Runner-Up) Best Actor (Heath Ledger), (2nd Runner-Up) Best Supporting Actor (Jake Gyllenhaal), (1st Runner-Up) Best Supporting Actress (Michelle Williams)
##David di Donatello Awards (Italy): Best Foreign Film
##European Film Awards: Screen International Award (Ang Lee)
##Gotham Awards: Best Picture, Best Ensemble Cast
##Independent Spirit Awards: Best Male Lead (Heath Ledger), Best Female Lead (Michelle Williams)
##Los Angeles Film Critics Association: (1st Runner-Up) Best Actor (Heath Ledger)
##National Board of Review: (1st Runner-Up) Best Picture, Best Actor (Heath Ledger)
##National Society of Film Critics: (2nd Runner-Up) Best Actor (Heath Ledger)
##Online Film Critics Society: Best Picture, Best Actor (Heath Ledger), Best Supporting Actor (Jake Gyllenhaal), Best Supporting Actress (Michelle Williams), Best Director (Ang Lee)
##Southeastern Film Critics Association: (1st Runner-Up) Best Actor (Heath Ledger), (1st Runner-Up) Best Supporting Actress (Michelle Williams)
##USC Scripter Award: Best Realization of a Book Adapted to Film (Larry McMurtry and Diana Ossana (Screenwriters), E. Annie Proulx (Author))
##World Soundtrack Awards: Best Original Soundtrack of the Year (Gustavo Santaolalla), Best Original Song Written for Film ("A Love That Will Never Grow Old")
Post-Academy Awards reaction[edit]
Some critics accused the Academy of homophobia for failing to award the Oscar for Best Picture to Brokeback Mountain and instead giving it to a rival nominee, Crash:
##Kenneth Turan, Los Angeles Times: "In the privacy of the voting booth, as many political candidates who've led in polls only to lose elections have found out, people are free to act out the unspoken fears and unconscious prejudices that they would never breathe to another soul, or, likely, acknowledge to themselves. And at least this year, that acting out doomed Brokeback Mountain." [1]
##Nikki Finke, Los Angeles Weekly: "I knew there was a chance that, even without seeing the movie, Oscar voters could feel guilt-tripped or succumb to a herd mentality to vote for the "gay-cowboy" movie and strike a blow against Republican wedge politics and extremist religious hatemongering. But they didn't, and Brokeback lost for all the Right's reasons."[2]
##Peter Howell, Toronto Star: "Sunday's selection of Crash over Brokeback Mountain for Best Picture was the first time in memory that fear seemed to be the guiding impulse for awarding Oscar's top prize. Faced with the choice between a feel-good movie about the evils of racism and a troublesome film that challenged prejudices about homosexual love, Academy voters grabbed their security blankets and started sucking on their thumbs."[3]
Author Annie Proulx has also blamed right-wing influences for the film's failure to win Best Picture:
"The people connected with Brokeback Mountain, including me, hoped that, having been nominated for eight Academy Awards, it would get Best Picture as it had at the funny, lively Independent Spirit Awards. We should have known conservative heffalump Academy voters would have rather different ideas of what was stirring contemporary culture. Roughly 6,000 film industry voters, most in the Los Angeles area, many living cloistered lives behind wrought-iron gates or in deluxe rest-homes, out of touch not only with the shifting larger culture and the yeasty ferment that is America these days, but also out of touch with their own segregated city, decide which films are good. And rumour has it that Lions Gate inundated the Academy voters with DVD copies of Trash - excuse me - "Crash" a few weeks before the ballot deadline. Next year we can look to the awards for controversial themes on the punishment of adulterers with a branding iron in the shape of the letter A, runaway slaves, and the debate over free silver."
The writer has also pondered whether Philip Seymour Hoffman's performance, though "brilliant", involved the easier acting skill of "mimicry" (by implication, unlike Heath Ledger's Oscar-nominated Brokeback Mountain performance, in which he invented the clenched-jaw and mannerisms of "Ennis Del Mar").[4]
Supporting the charge of homophobia were media reports that some members of the Academy were so opposed to the subject matter of the film that they refused to even view Brokeback Mountain before voting.[5]
Other critics, however, pointed out that the charge of homophobia is an easy one to make, and that it was equally as likely that the Academy simply thought Crash to be a better film.[6]
The Ultimate Brokeback Forum, a web forum of several thousand members, self-financed and designed a grass roots, full page ad in the May 10, 2006 issue of Daily Variety, thanking the creators of Brokeback Mountain, listing all of the significant Best Picture Awards the film received. This particular issue of Daily Variety was covered by such news organizations as The New York Times, Newsweek, and the UK newspaper The Daily Telegraph.
See also[edit]
##Brokeback Mountain soundtrack: description of related soundtrack recordings.
##"Brokeback Mountain" short story: description of original/amended Proulx story.
References[edit]
1.Jump up ^ "Los Angeles Times". LATimes.com. Retrieved 2011-11-17.
2.Jump up ^ "Lost Angeles Weekly". DeadlineHollywoodDaily.com. Retrieved 2011-11-17.
3.Jump up ^ "Toronto Star". TheStar.com. Retrieved 2011-11-17.
4.Jump up ^ "The Guardian". Guardian.co.uk. Retrieved 2011-11-17.
5.Jump up ^ Pond, Steve. "AMPAS policy: If you skipped "Brokeback," you shouldn't have voted". Retrieved 2005-05-11.[dead link]
6.Jump up ^ Ebert, Roger (2006-03-06). "The fury of the 'Crash'-lash". Chicago Sun-Times. Retrieved 2010-06-07.
External links[edit]
##Awards for Brokeback Mountain at Internet Movie Database


[hide]
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Brokeback Mountain

 
Short story ·
 Soundtrack ·
 Critical reception ·
 Annie Proulx
 
 
Characters
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 Jack Twist
 
 
Songs
"A Love That Will Never Grow Old"
 

  


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Brokeback Mountain (opera)

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Jump to: navigation, search

Brokeback Mountain is an opera by American composer Charles Wuorinen, with a libretto in English by Annie Proulx, based on her 1997 short story Brokeback Mountain. They began work on it in 2008 under a commission by Gerard Mortier of the New York City Opera. He took the project with him to the Teatro Real of Madrid, where the opera was premiered on January 28, 2014.


Contents  [hide]
1 Composition history
2 Performance history
3 Roles
4 Synopsis 4.1 Act 1
4.2 Act 2
5 Music
6 Instrumentation
7 Reception
8 Video
9 References
10 External links

Composition history[edit]
In 2007, Wuorinen, a Pulitzer Prize-winning American composer, saw the 2005 film directed by Ang Lee and "was inspired by its operatic possibilities."[1] He approached Proulx with the idea of turning her short story into an opera[2] and "to ask for her blessing to adapt the story for opera. Proulx went one step further, offering to write the libretto".[3]
As recounted by Ashifa Kassam:
After reading Proulx' tale of doomed lovers, composer Charles Wuorinen knew he had the makings of a tragic opera. "In older operas there would be an illegitimate child or difference of social classes," said Wuorinen. "Same-sex love, especially when it takes place in an environment where it's absolutely forbidden, is a contemporary version of the same eternal problem."[3]
Gerard Mortier, the incoming General Director of the New York City Opera, arranged to commission the work. When Mortier abruptly left the New York City Opera in 2008, the project was in limbo for a time, but he took it with him to his new post as General Director of Teatro Real in Madrid.[4]
Work on the opera was started in August 2008 and completed in February 2012. As Kennicott notes:
While other composers might have found the taciturn and often painfully inarticulate characters a challenge, Wuorinen was inspired. Brokeback Mountain was a struggle toward the possibility of expression, about a groping toward language and awareness and self-knowledge. "I take the position that since it takes a long time for any word to get out, that what is laconic on the page can seem quite expansive on the opera stage," he says.[1]
Performance history[edit]
The world premiere took place 28 January 2014 in Madrid directed by Ivo van Hove and conducted by Titus Engel.[5][6] The Opera received its German premiere in Aachen on 7 December 2014 in a new production directed by Ludger Englels and conducted by Kazem Abdullah.
Roles[edit]

Role
Voice type
Premiere Cast, 28 January 2014[7]
 Conductor: Titus Engel
Ennis del Mar bass-baritone Daniel Okulitch
Jack Twist tenor Tom Randle
Aguirre, trail boss bass Ethan Herschenfeld
Alma Beers, Ennis’ wife soprano Heather Buck
Mrs. Beers, Alma's mother mezzo-soprano Celia Alcedo
Lureen, Jack’s wife mezzo-soprano Hannah Esther Minutillo
Hogboy, Lureen's father bass Ethan Herschenfeld
John Twist Sr., Jack's father tenor Ryan MacPherson
Mrs. Twist, Jack's mother alto Jane Henschel
Bartender alto Hilary Summers
Saleswoman alto Letitia Singleton
Bill Jones spoken Basque Fracanzani
Chorus: Townspeople (including Cowboy—Gaizka Gurruchaga)
Synopsis[edit]
The two-hour opera is performed without intermission.

Act 1[edit]
##Scene 1: 1963, Aguirre’s trailer
##Scene 2: Bar, Old Longhorn
##Scene 3: On the mountain
##Scene 4: Main camp, four days later
##Scene 5: Main camp, next day sunset
##Scene 6: Main camp, next morning
##Scene 7: Dress shop
##Scene 8: Lower main camp, twilight
##Scene 9: Next morning, first light
##Scene 10: Farm machinery salesroom, Texas
##Scene 11: 1967, interior Alma and Ennis’s apartment in Riverton

Act 2[edit]
##Scene 1: 1967, Del Mar apartment
##Scene 2: Motel Siesta
##Scene 3: Six or seven years later, Del Mar apartment
##Scene 4: Farm machinery salesroom, Texas
##Scene 5: Del Mar apartment
##Scene 6: Thanksgiving, Alma and Bill’s dining room and kitchen
##Scene 7: 1983, in the mountains, late afternoon
##Scene 8: Early autumn, downtown Riverton, in front of post office
##Scene 9: Twist kitchen
##Scene 10: Jack’s bedroom
##Scene 11: Ennis' trailer
 
Music[edit]
Wuorinen has been described as an "unabashedly complex Modernist."[6] The composer expressed his views on the kind of musical idiom suited to this subject matter — and to his own tastes in music:

"Opera should deploy the full resources of musical composition and not be restricted to any kind of model, including a model of what is lyric singing," says Wuorinen. The composer's personal litany of great opera is revealing — the works of Monteverdi, "some of Wagner," Schoenberg's Moses und Aron, Debussy's Pelléas et Mélisande, Stravinsky's The Rake's Progress, and of course the operas of Alban Berg. "You can tell where my sympathies lie." [1]
Wuorinen used Schoenberg's half-sung, half-spoken Sprechstimme as a way for the character of Ennis to express himself in the early part of the opera. He does not develop sung lines until the second act, as before that he cannot acknowledge who he really is. Schoenberg had used this technique for his character of Moses, who was unable to put "complex thought into comprehensible words."[1] He associates the two leads with different musical pitches, "B-natural and C-sharp, a whole step apart, yet divided by a third tonal area associated with the mountain itself, based on a low C."[1]
Commenting on the formal qualities of Wuorinen's work, Gerard Mortier said:

Wuorinen understood that he could support Proulx's idea through his music, but also that he needed a great formal conception to avoid sentimentalism, just as Wagner did......Next to the film of Brokeback Mountain, which was rather sentimental and closer to Puccini, Wuorinen will serve the essential dimension of Annie Proulx's fabulous novel.[8]
Instrumentation[edit]
The orchestral score calls for:[9]
##piccolo (doubles 3rd flute), 2 flutes, 2 oboes, 3 clarinets (2 in B-flat, 1 bass clarinet), 2 bassoons, 1 contrabassoon;
##4 horns, 2 trumpets in C, 2 trombones, 1 bass trombone, tuba;
##timpani, 2 or 3 percussion: xylophone, 5-octave marimba, vibraphone, deep bass drum, 4 drums, guiro, harp, piano
##strings (violins I, violins II, violas, violoncellos, double basses).
Reception[edit]
Philip Kennicott of Opera News said that Wuorinen and Proulx had made a work in which "Brokeback Mountain remains as rugged and wild as the landscape that plays an intimate role in shaping the characters' lives."[1]
Anthony Tommasini of The New York Times described it as "a serious work, an impressive achievement. But it is a hard opera to love."[6] He said Wuorinen had written "an intricate, vibrantly orchestrated and often brilliant score that conveys the oppressiveness of the forces that defeat these two men" but suggested that the complexity of his music at times weighed down the drama.[6] He described the production by director Ivo van Hove as "starkly beautiful" and credited Mortier with being the champion for this ambitious work.[6] Tommasini noted that Proulx had given Ennis a "kind of plain-spoken elegance" in the libretto and opened her original story. Ennis becomes reflective after he and Jack have their first sexual encounter: “We look down on them hawks./We look down on them pine trees./We’re like eagles, Jack.” Tommasini says this is "matched by a fleeting burst of lyricism in Mr. Wuorinen’s vocal writing."[6]
Andrew Clements of The Guardian said that the music was rather dry and "etiolated" and seldom "transcends the text enough to enhance the drama rather than just adding rather terse punctuation and commentary to it."[5] He said the performances of the singers and orchestra were excellent, but thought it should have been staged with a more spare setting.[5] Clements also thought that Proulx had added too many elements to the libretto, clouding the plot.[5]
It received mixed reviews, as the Spanish press was "broadly positive."[10]
Video[edit]
In 2015 the recording of the World Premiere at the Teatro Real of Madrid is released on DVD and Blu-ray by Bel Air Classiques. Directed by Ivo van Hove and conducted by Titus Engel.
References[edit]
Notes
1.^ Jump up to: a b c d e f Kennicott, Philip, "Love in the Western World", Opera News, January 2014, Vol. 78, No. 7. Retrieved 21 January 2014
2.Jump up ^ Westphal, Matthew. (27 September 2007), "'Gay 12-Tone Cowboys' - Composer Charles Wuorinen Plans Opera Version of Brokeback Mountain", Playbill. Retrieved 3 October 2013.
3.^ Jump up to: a b Ashifa Kassam (20 January 2014), The Guardian.
4.Jump up ^ "Una historia de ‘cowboys’ y tenores | Cultura | EL PAÍS". Cultura.elpais.com. 20 October 2012. Retrieved 25 August 2013. In Spanish. Check date values in: |accessdate= (help)
5.^ Jump up to: a b c d Andrew Clements, "Brokeback Mountain—Review", The Guardian (London), 29 January 2014
6.^ Jump up to: a b c d e f Anthony Tommasini, "Operatic Cowboys in Love, Onstage" (Review), The New York Times, 29 January 2014
7.Jump up ^ "Opera: Brokeback Mountain (Cast and production team for Teatro Real Madrid premiere) on the company's website. Retrieved 31 January 2014
8.Jump up ^ Mortier in Kennicott, Opera News
9.Jump up ^ "Sheet Music Publishers - Music Publishing Company - London". edition-peters. 31 May 2013. Retrieved 25 August 2013.
10.Jump up ^ William Jeffery, "Brokeback Mountain Opera receives world premiere", Limelight Magazine (Australia), 30 January 2014
Sources
##Kassam, Ashifa, Brokeback Mountain: the opera to open in Madrid: Premiere of tragic story of two cowboys who become doomed lovers adapted by composer Charles Wuorinen, The Guardian (London), 20 January 2014
External links[edit]
##Brokeback Mountain on the composer's website
##Brokeback Mountain Teatro Real website
  


Categories: Operas
2014 operas
English-language operas
Operas set in the United States
LGBT-related music
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Brokeback Mountain (opera)

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Jump to: navigation, search

Brokeback Mountain is an opera by American composer Charles Wuorinen, with a libretto in English by Annie Proulx, based on her 1997 short story Brokeback Mountain. They began work on it in 2008 under a commission by Gerard Mortier of the New York City Opera. He took the project with him to the Teatro Real of Madrid, where the opera was premiered on January 28, 2014.


Contents  [hide]
1 Composition history
2 Performance history
3 Roles
4 Synopsis 4.1 Act 1
4.2 Act 2
5 Music
6 Instrumentation
7 Reception
8 Video
9 References
10 External links

Composition history[edit]
In 2007, Wuorinen, a Pulitzer Prize-winning American composer, saw the 2005 film directed by Ang Lee and "was inspired by its operatic possibilities."[1] He approached Proulx with the idea of turning her short story into an opera[2] and "to ask for her blessing to adapt the story for opera. Proulx went one step further, offering to write the libretto".[3]
As recounted by Ashifa Kassam:
After reading Proulx' tale of doomed lovers, composer Charles Wuorinen knew he had the makings of a tragic opera. "In older operas there would be an illegitimate child or difference of social classes," said Wuorinen. "Same-sex love, especially when it takes place in an environment where it's absolutely forbidden, is a contemporary version of the same eternal problem."[3]
Gerard Mortier, the incoming General Director of the New York City Opera, arranged to commission the work. When Mortier abruptly left the New York City Opera in 2008, the project was in limbo for a time, but he took it with him to his new post as General Director of Teatro Real in Madrid.[4]
Work on the opera was started in August 2008 and completed in February 2012. As Kennicott notes:
While other composers might have found the taciturn and often painfully inarticulate characters a challenge, Wuorinen was inspired. Brokeback Mountain was a struggle toward the possibility of expression, about a groping toward language and awareness and self-knowledge. "I take the position that since it takes a long time for any word to get out, that what is laconic on the page can seem quite expansive on the opera stage," he says.[1]
Performance history[edit]
The world premiere took place 28 January 2014 in Madrid directed by Ivo van Hove and conducted by Titus Engel.[5][6] The Opera received its German premiere in Aachen on 7 December 2014 in a new production directed by Ludger Englels and conducted by Kazem Abdullah.
Roles[edit]

Role
Voice type
Premiere Cast, 28 January 2014[7]
 Conductor: Titus Engel
Ennis del Mar bass-baritone Daniel Okulitch
Jack Twist tenor Tom Randle
Aguirre, trail boss bass Ethan Herschenfeld
Alma Beers, Ennis’ wife soprano Heather Buck
Mrs. Beers, Alma's mother mezzo-soprano Celia Alcedo
Lureen, Jack’s wife mezzo-soprano Hannah Esther Minutillo
Hogboy, Lureen's father bass Ethan Herschenfeld
John Twist Sr., Jack's father tenor Ryan MacPherson
Mrs. Twist, Jack's mother alto Jane Henschel
Bartender alto Hilary Summers
Saleswoman alto Letitia Singleton
Bill Jones spoken Basque Fracanzani
Chorus: Townspeople (including Cowboy—Gaizka Gurruchaga)
Synopsis[edit]
The two-hour opera is performed without intermission.

Act 1[edit]
##Scene 1: 1963, Aguirre’s trailer
##Scene 2: Bar, Old Longhorn
##Scene 3: On the mountain
##Scene 4: Main camp, four days later
##Scene 5: Main camp, next day sunset
##Scene 6: Main camp, next morning
##Scene 7: Dress shop
##Scene 8: Lower main camp, twilight
##Scene 9: Next morning, first light
##Scene 10: Farm machinery salesroom, Texas
##Scene 11: 1967, interior Alma and Ennis’s apartment in Riverton

Act 2[edit]
##Scene 1: 1967, Del Mar apartment
##Scene 2: Motel Siesta
##Scene 3: Six or seven years later, Del Mar apartment
##Scene 4: Farm machinery salesroom, Texas
##Scene 5: Del Mar apartment
##Scene 6: Thanksgiving, Alma and Bill’s dining room and kitchen
##Scene 7: 1983, in the mountains, late afternoon
##Scene 8: Early autumn, downtown Riverton, in front of post office
##Scene 9: Twist kitchen
##Scene 10: Jack’s bedroom
##Scene 11: Ennis' trailer
 
Music[edit]
Wuorinen has been described as an "unabashedly complex Modernist."[6] The composer expressed his views on the kind of musical idiom suited to this subject matter — and to his own tastes in music:

"Opera should deploy the full resources of musical composition and not be restricted to any kind of model, including a model of what is lyric singing," says Wuorinen. The composer's personal litany of great opera is revealing — the works of Monteverdi, "some of Wagner," Schoenberg's Moses und Aron, Debussy's Pelléas et Mélisande, Stravinsky's The Rake's Progress, and of course the operas of Alban Berg. "You can tell where my sympathies lie." [1]
Wuorinen used Schoenberg's half-sung, half-spoken Sprechstimme as a way for the character of Ennis to express himself in the early part of the opera. He does not develop sung lines until the second act, as before that he cannot acknowledge who he really is. Schoenberg had used this technique for his character of Moses, who was unable to put "complex thought into comprehensible words."[1] He associates the two leads with different musical pitches, "B-natural and C-sharp, a whole step apart, yet divided by a third tonal area associated with the mountain itself, based on a low C."[1]
Commenting on the formal qualities of Wuorinen's work, Gerard Mortier said:

Wuorinen understood that he could support Proulx's idea through his music, but also that he needed a great formal conception to avoid sentimentalism, just as Wagner did......Next to the film of Brokeback Mountain, which was rather sentimental and closer to Puccini, Wuorinen will serve the essential dimension of Annie Proulx's fabulous novel.[8]
Instrumentation[edit]
The orchestral score calls for:[9]
##piccolo (doubles 3rd flute), 2 flutes, 2 oboes, 3 clarinets (2 in B-flat, 1 bass clarinet), 2 bassoons, 1 contrabassoon;
##4 horns, 2 trumpets in C, 2 trombones, 1 bass trombone, tuba;
##timpani, 2 or 3 percussion: xylophone, 5-octave marimba, vibraphone, deep bass drum, 4 drums, guiro, harp, piano
##strings (violins I, violins II, violas, violoncellos, double basses).
Reception[edit]
Philip Kennicott of Opera News said that Wuorinen and Proulx had made a work in which "Brokeback Mountain remains as rugged and wild as the landscape that plays an intimate role in shaping the characters' lives."[1]
Anthony Tommasini of The New York Times described it as "a serious work, an impressive achievement. But it is a hard opera to love."[6] He said Wuorinen had written "an intricate, vibrantly orchestrated and often brilliant score that conveys the oppressiveness of the forces that defeat these two men" but suggested that the complexity of his music at times weighed down the drama.[6] He described the production by director Ivo van Hove as "starkly beautiful" and credited Mortier with being the champion for this ambitious work.[6] Tommasini noted that Proulx had given Ennis a "kind of plain-spoken elegance" in the libretto and opened her original story. Ennis becomes reflective after he and Jack have their first sexual encounter: “We look down on them hawks./We look down on them pine trees./We’re like eagles, Jack.” Tommasini says this is "matched by a fleeting burst of lyricism in Mr. Wuorinen’s vocal writing."[6]
Andrew Clements of The Guardian said that the music was rather dry and "etiolated" and seldom "transcends the text enough to enhance the drama rather than just adding rather terse punctuation and commentary to it."[5] He said the performances of the singers and orchestra were excellent, but thought it should have been staged with a more spare setting.[5] Clements also thought that Proulx had added too many elements to the libretto, clouding the plot.[5]
It received mixed reviews, as the Spanish press was "broadly positive."[10]
Video[edit]
In 2015 the recording of the World Premiere at the Teatro Real of Madrid is released on DVD and Blu-ray by Bel Air Classiques. Directed by Ivo van Hove and conducted by Titus Engel.
References[edit]
Notes
1.^ Jump up to: a b c d e f Kennicott, Philip, "Love in the Western World", Opera News, January 2014, Vol. 78, No. 7. Retrieved 21 January 2014
2.Jump up ^ Westphal, Matthew. (27 September 2007), "'Gay 12-Tone Cowboys' - Composer Charles Wuorinen Plans Opera Version of Brokeback Mountain", Playbill. Retrieved 3 October 2013.
3.^ Jump up to: a b Ashifa Kassam (20 January 2014), The Guardian.
4.Jump up ^ "Una historia de ‘cowboys’ y tenores | Cultura | EL PAÍS". Cultura.elpais.com. 20 October 2012. Retrieved 25 August 2013. In Spanish. Check date values in: |accessdate= (help)
5.^ Jump up to: a b c d Andrew Clements, "Brokeback Mountain—Review", The Guardian (London), 29 January 2014
6.^ Jump up to: a b c d e f Anthony Tommasini, "Operatic Cowboys in Love, Onstage" (Review), The New York Times, 29 January 2014
7.Jump up ^ "Opera: Brokeback Mountain (Cast and production team for Teatro Real Madrid premiere) on the company's website. Retrieved 31 January 2014
8.Jump up ^ Mortier in Kennicott, Opera News
9.Jump up ^ "Sheet Music Publishers - Music Publishing Company - London". edition-peters. 31 May 2013. Retrieved 25 August 2013.
10.Jump up ^ William Jeffery, "Brokeback Mountain Opera receives world premiere", Limelight Magazine (Australia), 30 January 2014
Sources
##Kassam, Ashifa, Brokeback Mountain: the opera to open in Madrid: Premiere of tragic story of two cowboys who become doomed lovers adapted by composer Charles Wuorinen, The Guardian (London), 20 January 2014
External links[edit]
##Brokeback Mountain on the composer's website
##Brokeback Mountain Teatro Real website
  


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2014 operas
English-language operas
Operas set in the United States
LGBT-related music
LGBT theatre





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Brokeback Mountain (short story)

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Jump to: navigation, search


"Brokeback Mountain"
Brokeback Mountain Annie Proulx.jpg
Author
Annie Proulx
Country
United States
Language
English
Genre(s)
Short story
Published in
The New Yorker
Publication type
Magazine
Publisher
The New Yorker
Media type
Print (Periodical)
Publication date
October 13, 1997
"Brokeback Mountain" is a short story by American author Annie Proulx. It was originally published in The New Yorker on October 13, 1997. The New Yorker won the National Magazine Award for Fiction for its publication of "Brokeback Mountain" in 1998. Proulx won an O. Henry Award prize (third place) for her story in 1998.
The story was published in a slightly expanded version in Proulx's 1999 collection of short stories, Close Range: Wyoming Stories. This collection was named a finalist for the 2000 Pulitzer Prize for Fiction.
Screenwriters Larry McMurtry and Diana Ossana adapted the story for a film of the same name, released in 2005. At that time, the short story and the screenplay were published together, along with essays by Proulx and the screenwriters, as Brokeback Mountain: Story to Screenplay.[1][2] The story was also published separately in book form.
This work has also been adapted as an opera by the same name, composed by Charles Wuorinen with a libretto in English by Proulx. It premiered at the Teatro Real in Madrid on January 28, 2014.[3][4]


Contents  [hide]
1 Synopsis
2 Literary form
3 Origins
4 Adaptations 4.1 Fan fiction
5 See also
6 References
7 Further reading

Synopsis[edit]
In 1963, two young men, Ennis del Mar and Jack Twist, are hired for the summer to look after sheep at a seasonal grazing range on the fictional Brokeback Mountain in Wyoming. Unexpectedly, they form an intense emotional and sexual attachment, but have to part ways at the end of the summer. Over the next twenty years, as their separate lives play out with marriages, children, and jobs, they continue reuniting for brief liaisons on camping trips in remote settings.
Literary form[edit]
"Brokeback Mountain" is a story told by an omniscient narrator. The narrative is realistic in tone and employs description, metaphor and dialogue to examine the actions, thoughts, emotions, and motivations of its main characters.
The narrative is mostly linear, apart from an introductory prologue (which was accidentally omitted from the initial publication in the New Yorker magazine); the story describes events in sequence from a beginning point in time, the year 1963 when the characters are introduced, to the end of the story some 20 years later. Other than the title location, the settings are actual locations in the United States. The characters are described in a naturalistic manner, as people living in a specific milieu. The story adheres to conventions of modern dramatic fiction; its literary devices serve to present a portrait of recognizable people in familiar situations, without supernatural or metaphysical allusions (while other of the Wyoming Stories do include passages of magical realism).
In the two-paragraph prologue, the lead protagonist, Ennis del Mar, awakes in his trailer at some unspecified time beyond the ending of the story. Over a cup of coffee he reflects on the time in 1963 when he first met Jack Twist. The main narrative then begins with the description of the two protagonists as they were in 1963:
“ They were raised on small, poor ranches in opposite corners of the state, Jack Twist in Lightning Flat, up on the Montana border, Ennis del Mar from around Sage, near the Utah line, both high school drop out country boys with no prospects, brought up to hard work and privation, both rough mannered, rough spoken, inured to the stoic life. ”
From there, the story is an episodic examination of conflicts arising from the characters' interaction with each other and other people in their lives. The story condenses passing years and significant events into brief passages, and employs dialogue to reveal character and conflict.
“ They never talked about the sex, let it happen, at first only in the tent at night, then in the full daylight with the hot sun striking down, and at evening in the fire glow, quick, rough, laughing and snorting, no lack of noises, but saying not a goddamn word except once Ennis said, "I'm not no queer," and Jack jumped in with "Me neither. A one shot thing. Nobody's business but ours." ”
Origins[edit]
Proux said she wrote the story based on her own reflections about life in the West. Regarding the setting, Proulx stated:
“ Rural North America, regional cultures, the images of an ideal and seemingly attainable world the characters cherish in their long views despite the rigid and difficult circumstances of their place and time interest me and are what I write about. I watch for the historical skew between what people have hoped for and who they thought they were and what befell them."[5] She mentioned once noticing a middle-aged man in a bar, who appeared to be watching only the men playing pool, which led her to consider the life of a typical western ranch hand who might be gay. [6] ”
Proulx said her main characters of the two men affected her long after the story was published. The film version rekindled her feelings for them — an attachment that she had previously rejected. In a 1999 interview in The Missouri Review,[7] Proulx said the notion of falling in love with fictional characters was "repugnant".
Adaptations[edit]
Main article: Brokeback Mountain
The film Brokeback Mountain (2005) won numerous awards, including Academy Awards (for 2005) for Best Adapted Screenplay (McMurtry and Ossana), Best Director (Ang Lee), and Best Original Score (Gustavo Santaolalla). It was nominated for a total of eight awards (the most that year), including Best Picture, Best Actor (Heath Ledger as Ennis), and Best Supporting Actor (Jake Gyllenhaal as Jack). Its loss of Best Picture to Crash was not generally expected, though predicted by some.[8]
Charles Wuorinen, a contemporary American composer, became interested in the story, and Proulx wrote the libretto to adapt her work. Their work was commissioned by Mortier of the New York City Opera and they started working together in 2008, completing it in 2012. The work premiered at the Teatro Real in Madrid on 28 January 2014.[9][10]
Fan fiction[edit]
The film's popularity has inspired numerous viewers to write their own versions of the story and send these to Proulx. In 2008, Proulx said she wished she had never written the 1997 short story which inspired the film, because she has received so much fan fiction presenting alternative plots.:[11]

[The film] is the source of constant irritation in my private life. There are countless people out there who think the story is open range to explore their fantasies and to correct what they see as an unbearably disappointing story.[12]
She said the authors, mostly men who claim to "understand men better than I do",[11] often send her their works:[12]

They constantly send ghastly manuscripts and pornish rewrites of the story to me, expecting me to reply with praise and applause for "fixing" the story. They certainly don't get the message that if you can't fix it you've got to stand it."[12]
See also[edit]

Portal icon Novels portal
List of accolades received by Brokeback Mountain
References[edit]
1.Jump up ^ "Brokeback Mountain: Story to Screenplay (Trade Paperback)". Scribner. Retrieved 2007-07-24.
2.Jump up ^ "Brokeback Mountain: Story to Screenplay (Hardcover)". Scribner. Retrieved 2007-07-24.
3.Jump up ^ Andrew Clements, "Brokeback Mountain—Review", The Guardian (London), 29 January 2014
4.Jump up ^ Anthony Tommasini, "Operatic Cowboys in Love, Onstage" (Review), The New York Times, 29 January 2014
5.Jump up ^ Testa, Matthew (December 7, 2005). "Exclusive PJH Interview: At close range with Annie Proulx". Planet Jackson Hole. Retrieved 2007-07-24.
6.Jump up ^ Testa, Matthew (December 29, 2005). "Close Range". Salt Lake City Weekly. Retrieved 2006-03-16.
7.Jump up ^ "Interview with Annie Proulx". The Missouri Review Vol. XXII, No. 2. 1999.
8.Jump up ^ Associated Press (7 Feb 2006). "Can ‘Brokeback Mountain’ survive ‘Crash’?". Retrieved 7 June 2010.
9.Jump up ^ Andrew Clements, "Brokeback Mountain—Review", The Guardian (London), 29 January 2014
10.Jump up ^ Anthony Tommasini, "Operatic Cowboys in Love, Onstage" (Review), The New York Times, 29 January 2014
11.^ Jump up to: a b Reynolds, Susan Salter (October 18, 2008). "Writer's no longer at home on range". Los Angeles Times. Retrieved January 21, 2012.
12.^ Jump up to: a b c Hughes, Robert J. (September 6, 2008). "Return to the Range". The Wall Street Journal. Retrieved January 21, 2012.
Further reading[edit]
Proulx, Annie (1997, 1999, 2006). Close Range: Brokeback Mountain and Other Stories. London, New York, Toronto and Sydney: Harper Perennial. ISBN 0-00-720558-9; ISBN 978-0-00-720558-5
Brokeback Mountain: Story to Screenplay (includes the short story and film screenplay), New York: Scribner, 2005. ISBN 0-7432-9416-5; ISBN 978-0-7432-9416-4


[hide]
v ·
 t ·
 e
 
Brokeback Mountain

 
Short story ·
 Soundtrack ·
 Critical reception ·
 Annie Proulx
 
 
Characters
Ennis Del Mar ·
 Jack Twist
 
 
Songs
"A Love That Will Never Grow Old"
 

  


Categories: 1997 short stories
American short stories
Bisexuality-related fiction
Brokeback Mountain
LGBT literature in the United States
Works by Annie Proulx
Works originally published in The New Yorker
Short stories adapted into films
Wyoming in fiction


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Brokeback Mountain (short story)

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Jump to: navigation, search


"Brokeback Mountain"
Brokeback Mountain Annie Proulx.jpg
Author
Annie Proulx
Country
United States
Language
English
Genre(s)
Short story
Published in
The New Yorker
Publication type
Magazine
Publisher
The New Yorker
Media type
Print (Periodical)
Publication date
October 13, 1997
"Brokeback Mountain" is a short story by American author Annie Proulx. It was originally published in The New Yorker on October 13, 1997. The New Yorker won the National Magazine Award for Fiction for its publication of "Brokeback Mountain" in 1998. Proulx won an O. Henry Award prize (third place) for her story in 1998.
The story was published in a slightly expanded version in Proulx's 1999 collection of short stories, Close Range: Wyoming Stories. This collection was named a finalist for the 2000 Pulitzer Prize for Fiction.
Screenwriters Larry McMurtry and Diana Ossana adapted the story for a film of the same name, released in 2005. At that time, the short story and the screenplay were published together, along with essays by Proulx and the screenwriters, as Brokeback Mountain: Story to Screenplay.[1][2] The story was also published separately in book form.
This work has also been adapted as an opera by the same name, composed by Charles Wuorinen with a libretto in English by Proulx. It premiered at the Teatro Real in Madrid on January 28, 2014.[3][4]


Contents  [hide]
1 Synopsis
2 Literary form
3 Origins
4 Adaptations 4.1 Fan fiction
5 See also
6 References
7 Further reading

Synopsis[edit]
In 1963, two young men, Ennis del Mar and Jack Twist, are hired for the summer to look after sheep at a seasonal grazing range on the fictional Brokeback Mountain in Wyoming. Unexpectedly, they form an intense emotional and sexual attachment, but have to part ways at the end of the summer. Over the next twenty years, as their separate lives play out with marriages, children, and jobs, they continue reuniting for brief liaisons on camping trips in remote settings.
Literary form[edit]
"Brokeback Mountain" is a story told by an omniscient narrator. The narrative is realistic in tone and employs description, metaphor and dialogue to examine the actions, thoughts, emotions, and motivations of its main characters.
The narrative is mostly linear, apart from an introductory prologue (which was accidentally omitted from the initial publication in the New Yorker magazine); the story describes events in sequence from a beginning point in time, the year 1963 when the characters are introduced, to the end of the story some 20 years later. Other than the title location, the settings are actual locations in the United States. The characters are described in a naturalistic manner, as people living in a specific milieu. The story adheres to conventions of modern dramatic fiction; its literary devices serve to present a portrait of recognizable people in familiar situations, without supernatural or metaphysical allusions (while other of the Wyoming Stories do include passages of magical realism).
In the two-paragraph prologue, the lead protagonist, Ennis del Mar, awakes in his trailer at some unspecified time beyond the ending of the story. Over a cup of coffee he reflects on the time in 1963 when he first met Jack Twist. The main narrative then begins with the description of the two protagonists as they were in 1963:
“ They were raised on small, poor ranches in opposite corners of the state, Jack Twist in Lightning Flat, up on the Montana border, Ennis del Mar from around Sage, near the Utah line, both high school drop out country boys with no prospects, brought up to hard work and privation, both rough mannered, rough spoken, inured to the stoic life. ”
From there, the story is an episodic examination of conflicts arising from the characters' interaction with each other and other people in their lives. The story condenses passing years and significant events into brief passages, and employs dialogue to reveal character and conflict.
“ They never talked about the sex, let it happen, at first only in the tent at night, then in the full daylight with the hot sun striking down, and at evening in the fire glow, quick, rough, laughing and snorting, no lack of noises, but saying not a goddamn word except once Ennis said, "I'm not no queer," and Jack jumped in with "Me neither. A one shot thing. Nobody's business but ours." ”
Origins[edit]
Proux said she wrote the story based on her own reflections about life in the West. Regarding the setting, Proulx stated:
“ Rural North America, regional cultures, the images of an ideal and seemingly attainable world the characters cherish in their long views despite the rigid and difficult circumstances of their place and time interest me and are what I write about. I watch for the historical skew between what people have hoped for and who they thought they were and what befell them."[5] She mentioned once noticing a middle-aged man in a bar, who appeared to be watching only the men playing pool, which led her to consider the life of a typical western ranch hand who might be gay. [6] ”
Proulx said her main characters of the two men affected her long after the story was published. The film version rekindled her feelings for them — an attachment that she had previously rejected. In a 1999 interview in The Missouri Review,[7] Proulx said the notion of falling in love with fictional characters was "repugnant".
Adaptations[edit]
Main article: Brokeback Mountain
The film Brokeback Mountain (2005) won numerous awards, including Academy Awards (for 2005) for Best Adapted Screenplay (McMurtry and Ossana), Best Director (Ang Lee), and Best Original Score (Gustavo Santaolalla). It was nominated for a total of eight awards (the most that year), including Best Picture, Best Actor (Heath Ledger as Ennis), and Best Supporting Actor (Jake Gyllenhaal as Jack). Its loss of Best Picture to Crash was not generally expected, though predicted by some.[8]
Charles Wuorinen, a contemporary American composer, became interested in the story, and Proulx wrote the libretto to adapt her work. Their work was commissioned by Mortier of the New York City Opera and they started working together in 2008, completing it in 2012. The work premiered at the Teatro Real in Madrid on 28 January 2014.[9][10]
Fan fiction[edit]
The film's popularity has inspired numerous viewers to write their own versions of the story and send these to Proulx. In 2008, Proulx said she wished she had never written the 1997 short story which inspired the film, because she has received so much fan fiction presenting alternative plots.:[11]

[The film] is the source of constant irritation in my private life. There are countless people out there who think the story is open range to explore their fantasies and to correct what they see as an unbearably disappointing story.[12]
She said the authors, mostly men who claim to "understand men better than I do",[11] often send her their works:[12]

They constantly send ghastly manuscripts and pornish rewrites of the story to me, expecting me to reply with praise and applause for "fixing" the story. They certainly don't get the message that if you can't fix it you've got to stand it."[12]
See also[edit]

Portal icon Novels portal
List of accolades received by Brokeback Mountain
References[edit]
1.Jump up ^ "Brokeback Mountain: Story to Screenplay (Trade Paperback)". Scribner. Retrieved 2007-07-24.
2.Jump up ^ "Brokeback Mountain: Story to Screenplay (Hardcover)". Scribner. Retrieved 2007-07-24.
3.Jump up ^ Andrew Clements, "Brokeback Mountain—Review", The Guardian (London), 29 January 2014
4.Jump up ^ Anthony Tommasini, "Operatic Cowboys in Love, Onstage" (Review), The New York Times, 29 January 2014
5.Jump up ^ Testa, Matthew (December 7, 2005). "Exclusive PJH Interview: At close range with Annie Proulx". Planet Jackson Hole. Retrieved 2007-07-24.
6.Jump up ^ Testa, Matthew (December 29, 2005). "Close Range". Salt Lake City Weekly. Retrieved 2006-03-16.
7.Jump up ^ "Interview with Annie Proulx". The Missouri Review Vol. XXII, No. 2. 1999.
8.Jump up ^ Associated Press (7 Feb 2006). "Can ‘Brokeback Mountain’ survive ‘Crash’?". Retrieved 7 June 2010.
9.Jump up ^ Andrew Clements, "Brokeback Mountain—Review", The Guardian (London), 29 January 2014
10.Jump up ^ Anthony Tommasini, "Operatic Cowboys in Love, Onstage" (Review), The New York Times, 29 January 2014
11.^ Jump up to: a b Reynolds, Susan Salter (October 18, 2008). "Writer's no longer at home on range". Los Angeles Times. Retrieved January 21, 2012.
12.^ Jump up to: a b c Hughes, Robert J. (September 6, 2008). "Return to the Range". The Wall Street Journal. Retrieved January 21, 2012.
Further reading[edit]
Proulx, Annie (1997, 1999, 2006). Close Range: Brokeback Mountain and Other Stories. London, New York, Toronto and Sydney: Harper Perennial. ISBN 0-00-720558-9; ISBN 978-0-00-720558-5
Brokeback Mountain: Story to Screenplay (includes the short story and film screenplay), New York: Scribner, 2005. ISBN 0-7432-9416-5; ISBN 978-0-7432-9416-4


[hide]
v ·
 t ·
 e
 
Brokeback Mountain

 
Short story ·
 Soundtrack ·
 Critical reception ·
 Annie Proulx
 
 
Characters
Ennis Del Mar ·
 Jack Twist
 
 
Songs
"A Love That Will Never Grow Old"
 

  


Categories: 1997 short stories
American short stories
Bisexuality-related fiction
Brokeback Mountain
LGBT literature in the United States
Works by Annie Proulx
Works originally published in The New Yorker
Short stories adapted into films
Wyoming in fiction


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This page was last modified on 14 April 2015, at 22:08.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License; additional terms may apply. By using this site, you agree to the Terms of Use and Privacy Policy. Wikipedia® is a registered trademark of the Wikimedia Foundation, Inc., a non-profit organization.
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Brokeback Mountain

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Jump to: navigation, search

This article is about the motion picture. For the original short story, see Brokeback Mountain (short story).

Brokeback Mountain
Brokeback mountain.jpg
Theatrical release poster
 
Directed by
Ang Lee
Produced by
James Schamus
Larry McMurtry
Diana Ossana
Screenplay by
Larry McMurtry
 Diana Ossana
Based on
"Brokeback Mountain"
 by Annie Proulx
Starring
Heath Ledger
Jake Gyllenhaal
Anne Hathaway
Michelle Williams
Music by
Gustavo Santaolalla
Cinematography
Rodrigo Prieto
Edited by
Geraldine Peroni
Dylan Tichenor

Production
 company

River Road Entertainment
Good Machine
 
Distributed by
Focus Features

Release dates

September 2, 2005 (Venice International Film Festival)
December 9, 2005 (United States)
December 23, 2005 (Canada)
 

Running time
 134 minutes
Country
United States
 Canada
Language
English
Budget
$14 million[1]
Box office
$178.1 million[2]
Brokeback Mountain is a 2005 American epic romantic drama film directed by Ang Lee. It is a film adaptation of the 1997 short story of the same name by Annie Proulx; the screenplay was written by Diana Ossana and Larry McMurtry. The film stars Heath Ledger, Jake Gyllenhaal, Anne Hathaway, Michelle Williams, and Randy Quaid, and depicts the complex romantic and sexual relationship between two men in the American West from 1963 to 1983.[3]
Brokeback Mountain won the Golden Lion at the Venice Film Festival and was honored with Best Picture and Best Director accolades from the British Academy Film Awards, Golden Globe Awards, Producers Guild of America Awards, Critics' Choice Movie Awards, and Independent Spirit Awards among many other organizations and festivals.
Brokeback Mountain was nominated for eight Academy Awards, the most nominations at the 78th Academy Awards, where it won three: Best Director, Best Adapted Screenplay, and Best Original Score.


Contents  [hide]
1 Plot
2 Cast
3 Production
4 Comparison to original story
5 Box office success
6 Reception
7 Discussions about sexuality of characters
8 International reception
9 Controversies 9.1 Utah theater cancellation
9.2 Conservative media
9.3 Gene Shalit
9.4 U.S. social conservatives
9.5 Criticism of marketing
9.6 Quaid lawsuit
9.7 Allegations of animal cruelty
9.8 Post-Academy Awards debate
10 Accolades 10.1 Won
10.2 Nominated
11 Home media
12 Film's influence 12.1 Fan fiction
13 See also
14 References
15 Further reading
16 External links

Plot[edit]
In 1963, Ennis Del Mar (Heath Ledger) and Jack Twist (Jake Gyllenhaal) are hired by Joe Aguirre (Randy Quaid) to herd his sheep through the summer in the Wyoming mountains. After a night of heavy drinking, Jack makes a sexual pass at Ennis, who is initially reluctant but eventually responds to Jack's advances. Though he informs Jack that it was a one-time incident, they develop a sexual and emotional relationship. Shortly after learning their summer together is being cut short, they briefly fight and each is bloodied.
After Jack and Ennis part ways, Ennis marries his longtime fiancée Alma Beers (Michelle Williams) and has two daughters with her. Jack returns the next summer seeking work, but Aguirre, who witnessed Jack and Ennis on the mountain, does not rehire him.
Jack moves to Texas, where he meets, marries, and has a son with rodeo rider Lureen Newsome (Anne Hathaway). After four years, Jack visits Ennis. Upon meeting, the two kiss passionately, which Alma accidentally witnesses. Jack broaches the subject of creating a life together on a small ranch, but Ennis, haunted by a childhood memory of the torture and murder of a man suspected of homosexual behavior, refuses. He is also unwilling to abandon his family. Ennis and Jack continue to meet for infrequent fishing trips.
The marriages of both men deteriorate. Alma and Ennis eventually divorce in 1975. Ennis sees his family regularly until Alma finally confronts him about her knowing the true nature of his relationship with Jack. This results in a violent argument, causing Ennis to abandon his connections with Alma.
Lureen abandons the rodeo, going into business with her father and expecting Jack to work in sales. Hearing about Ennis' divorce, Jack drives to Wyoming. He suggests again that they should live together, but Ennis refuses to move away from his children. Jack finds solace with male prostitutes in Mexico. Ennis meets and has a brief romantic relationship with Cassie Cartwright (Linda Cardellini), a waitress.
Jack and Lureen meet and befriend another couple, Randall and Lashawn Malone. It is suggested that Jack and Randall begin an affair behind their wives' backs.
At the end of a regular fishing trip with Jack, Ennis tries to postpone their next meeting. Jack's frustration erupts into argument, and Ennis blames Jack for being the cause of his own conflicted actions. Jack tries to hold him and there is a brief struggle, but they end up locked in an embrace. Jack watches Ennis drive away.
Some time later, Ennis receives a postcard he had sent to Jack, stamped "Deceased". He calls Lureen, who says that Jack died in an accident, when a tire he was changing exploded. While listening, Ennis imagines Jack being attacked by a gang. Jack's fate is left "deliberately ambiguous".[4] Lureen tells Ennis that Jack wanted to have his ashes scattered on Brokeback Mountain, but she does not know where it is.
Ennis travels to meet with Jack's mother and father (Roberta Maxwell and Peter McRobbie), and offers to take Jack's ashes to the mountain. The father declines, preferring to have them interred in a family plot. Allowed to see Jack's childhood bedroom, Ennis finds the bloodstained shirt he thought he had lost on Brokeback Mountain. He realizes Jack kept it hanging with his own stained shirt from that summer fight. Ennis holds them up to his face, silently weeping. Jack's mother lets him keep the shirts.
Later, 19-year-old Alma Jr. (Kate Mara) arrives at Ennis' trailer to tell her father she is engaged. She asks for his blessing and invites him to the wedding. Ennis asks her if her fiancé really loves her, and she says yes. After Alma leaves, Ennis goes to his closet, where his and Jack's shirts hang together, with a postcard of Brokeback Mountain tacked above.
Cast[edit]
Heath Ledger as Ennis Del Mar
Jake Gyllenhaal as Jack Twist
Randy Quaid as Joe Aguirre
Michelle Williams as Alma Beers Del Mar
Anne Hathaway as Lureen Newsome Twist
Linda Cardellini as Cassie Cartwright
Anna Faris as Lashawn Malone
David Harbour as Randall Malone
Roberta Maxwell as Mrs. Twist
Peter McRobbie as John Twist
Kate Mara as Alma Del Mar Jr.
Production[edit]
Gus Van Sant tried to adapt Proulx's story as a film, hoping to cast Joaquin Phoenix and Matt Damon. Damon told the director, "Gus, I did a gay movie (The Talented Mr. Ripley), then a cowboy movie (All the Pretty Horses). I can't follow it up with a gay-cowboy movie!"[5]
Mark Wahlberg reportedly declined the starring role, saying he turned down the opportunity because he was "a little creeped out" by the homosexual themes and sex scene.[6]
While the film is set in Wyoming (as in the original story), it was filmed almost entirely in the Canadian Rockies in southern Alberta.[7] The fictional "Brokeback Mountain" was named to suggest a physical feature, after a term used for a swaybacked horse or mule.[8] The mountain featured in the film is a composite of Mount Lougheed south of the town of Canmore and Fortress and Moose Mountain in Kananaskis Country.[9]
The campsites were filmed at Goat Creek, Upper Kananaskis Lake, Elbow Falls and Canyon Creek, also in Alberta. Other scenes were filmed in Cowley, Fort Macleod,[10] and Calgary. The film was shot during the summer of 2004.[11]
Comparison to original story[edit]
Proulx has praised the faithfulness of the adaptation of her story as a feature film. Before the movie was made, she described McMurtry and Ossana's adaptation as "an exceptionally fine screenplay." Later, she praised the film as "huge and powerful," writing that she was "knocked for a loop" when she first saw it.
“ I may be the first writer in America to have a piece of writing make its way to the screen whole and entire," she said. "And, when I saw the film for the first time, I was astonished that the characters of Jack and Ennis came surging into my mind again... ”
[citation needed]
Nearly all of the dialogue and descriptions from the original story were included in the screenplay. Few major differences have been noted. Most of the changes involve expansion, with brief mentions of the characters' marriages in the story becoming scenes of domestic life in the film. The narrative sequence is nearly identical in story and film: both begin with Jack and Ennis meeting in 1963 and end with a scene of Ennis 20 years later. One example of adaptation of the story's dramatic arc arises from a significant memory (of the men embracing by a campfire): it appears in the film as a flashback in the same sequence as Jack recalls it in the story.
Box office success[edit]
Brokeback Mountain cost about US$14 million to produce, excluding its reported advertising budget of $5 million. According to interviews with the filmmakers, Focus Features was able to recoup its production costs early on by selling overseas rights to the film.
The film saw limited release in the United States on December 9, 2005 (in New York City, Los Angeles, and San Francisco), taking $547,425 in five theaters its first weekend.
Over the Christmas weekend, it posted the highest per-theater gross of any film and was considered a box office success not only in urban centers such as New York City and Los Angeles, but also in suburban theaters near Portland, Houston, Chicago, Dallas, Denver, and Atlanta. On January 6, 2006, the film expanded into 483 theaters, and on January 13, 2006, Focus Features, the film's distributor, opened Brokeback in nearly 700 North American cinemas as part of its ongoing expansion strategy for the film. On January 20, the film opened in 1,194 theaters in North America; it opened in 1,652 theaters on January 27 and in 2,089 theaters on February 3, its widest release.
Brokeback Mountain's theatrical run lasted for 133 days and grossed $83,043,761 in North America and $95,018,998 abroad, adding up to a worldwide gross of $178,062,759. It is the top-grossing release of Focus Features, ranks fifth among the highest-grossing westerns (since 1979) and eighth among the highest-grossing romantic dramas (1980 – present).
The film was released in London on December 30, 2005, in only one cinema, and was widely released in the rest of the United Kingdom on January 6, 2006. On January 11, Time Out London magazine reported that Brokeback was the number one film in the city, a position it held for three weeks.[12]
The film was released in France on January 18, 2006, in 155 cinemas (expanding into 258 cinemas in the second week and into 290 in the third week). In its first week of release, Brokeback Mountain was in third place at the French box office, with 277,000 people viewing the film, or an average of 1,787 people by cinema per week, the highest such figure for any film in France that week. One month later, it reached more than one million viewers (more than 1,250,000 on March 18), with still 168 cinemas (in the 10th week). Released in Italy on January 20, the film grossed more than 890,000 euros in only three days, and was the fourth highest-grossing film in the country in its first week of release.
Brokeback Mountain was released in Australia on January 26, 2006, where it landed in fourth place at the box office and earned an average per-screen gross three times higher than its nearest competitor during its first weekend despite being released in only 48 cinemas nationwide. Most of the Australian critics praised the film.[13] Brokeback was released in many other countries during the first three months of 2006.[14]
During its first week of release, Brokeback was in first place in Hong Kong's box office, with more than US$473,868 ($22,565 per cinema).[15]
Brokeback Mountain was the highest-grossing film in the U.S. from January 17 through January 19, 2006, perhaps due primarily to its wins at the Golden Globes on January 16. Indeed, the film was one of the top five highest-grossing films in the U.S. every day from January 17 until January 28, including over the weekend (when more people go to the films and big-budget films usually crowd out independent films from the top-grossing list) of January 20–22.[16] On January 28, the film fell out of the top five and into sixth place at the box office during that weekend before entering the top five again on January 30 and remaining there until February 10.
The film was released on January 20, 2006, in Taiwan, where director Ang Lee was born. It ran until April 20.
Reception[edit]
Professional film critics have praised Brokeback Mountain.[17] The film won four Golden Globe Awards, including Best Motion Picture – Drama, and was nominated for seven, leading all other films in the 2005 awards. It won the Golden Lion at the Venice Film Festival, as well as the title Best Picture from the Boston Society of Film Critics, the Dallas-Fort Worth Film Critics Association, the Florida Film Critics Circle, the Las Vegas Film Critics Society, the Los Angeles Film Critics Association, the New York Film Critics Circle, the San Francisco Film Critics Circle, the Southeastern Film Critics Association, the Utah Film Critics Society, and the British Academy of Film and Television Arts (BAFTAs).
Brokeback Mountain received an 87% "Fresh" rating on Rotten Tomatoes, compiled from 223 reviews, with the consensus that "a beautifully epic Western, Brokeback Mountain's gay love story is imbued with heartbreaking universality, helped by the moving performances of Ledger and Gyllenhaal."[17] It also received an 87 out of 100 score on Metacritic based on 41 reviews, indicating "Universal acclaim."[18] The film was given a "two thumbs up" rating by Roger Ebert and Richard Roeper, the former giving a four-star review in the Chicago Sun-Times. The film received positive reviews from Christianity Today.[19] Conservative radio host Michael Medved gave the film three and a half stars, stating that while the film's "agenda" is blatant, it is an artistic work.[20]
The film's significance has been attributed to its portrayal of a same-sex relationship on its own terms, focused on the characters. It does not refer to the history of the gay civil rights movement.[21] It emphasizes the tragic love story aspect, and many commentators have compared Ennis and Jack's drama to classic and modern romances such as Romeo and Juliet or Titanic, often using the term star-crossed lovers.[22][23][24] The poster for the film was inspired by that of James Cameron's Titanic, after Ang Lee's collaborator James Schamus looked at the posters of "the 50 most romantic movies ever made".[25]
Discussions about sexuality of characters[edit]
Reviewers, critics, and the cast and crew disagreed as to whether the film's two protagonists were homosexual, bisexual, heterosexual, or should be free of any sexual classification. The film was frequently referred to in the media as the "gay cowboy movie," but a number of reviewers noted that both Jack and Ennis were bisexual.[26][27][28] Sex researcher Fritz Klein said that the film was "a nice film with two main characters who were bisexual", and suggested that the character of Jack is more "toward the gay side of bisexuality" and Ennis is "a bit more toward the straight side of being bisexual".[29]
In an article in American Sexuality Magazine, educator Amy Andre critiqued the media's avoidance of the use of the term bisexual in association with Brokeback Mountain:
“ Brokeback Mountain is a not a movie about gay people, and there are no gay people in it. There. I said it. Despite what you may have read in the many reviews that have come out about this new cowboy feature film, Brokeback Mountain is a bisexual picture. Why can't film reviewers say the word 'bisexual' when they see lead characters with sexual and romantic relationships with both men and women? I am unaware of a single review of Brokeback calling the leads what they are—a sad statement on the invisibility of bisexual experience and the level of biphobia in both the mainstream and gay media.[30] ”
Gyllenhaal concluded that Ennis and Jack were heterosexual men who "develop this love, this bond," saying in a Details interview: "I approached the story believing that these are actually two straight guys who fall in love."[29]
Others have said that they felt the characters' sexuality to be simply ambiguous. Clarence Patton and Christopher Murray said in New York's Gay City News that Ennis and Jack's experiences were metaphors for "many men who do not identify as gay or even queer, but who nevertheless have sex with other men".[31] A reviewer at Filmcritic.com wrote, "We later see Jack eagerly engage Lureen sexually, with no explanation as to whether he is bisexual, so in need of physical intimacy that anyone, regardless of gender, will do, or merely very adept at faking it."[32]
Ledger was quoted in TIME magazine:

"I don't think Ennis could be labeled as gay. Without Jack Twist, I don't know that he ever would have come out.... I think the whole point was that it was two souls that fell in love with each other."
Others believe that the characters were gay, including LGBT non-fiction author Eric Marcus, who dismissed "talk of Ennis and Jack being anything but gay as box office-influenced political correctness intended to steer straight audiences to the film". Roger Ebert concluded that both characters were gay but doubted it themselves: "Jack is able to accept a little more willingly that he is inescapably gay,"[33]
The film's producer James Schamus said, "I suppose movies can be Rorschach tests for all of us, but damn if these characters aren't gay to me."[29] Author Annie Proulx, whose story is the basis of the film, said "how different readers take the story is a reflection of their own personal values, attitudes, hang-ups."[34][35]
When Ledger and Gyllenhaal were asked about any fear of being cast in such controversial roles, Ledger responded that he was not afraid of the role, but rather he was concerned that he would not be mature enough as an actor to do the story justice. Gyllenhaal has stated that he is extremely proud of the film and his role, regardless of what the reactions would be. He regards rumors of him being bisexual as flattering, stating, "I'm open to whatever people want to call me. I've never really been attracted to men sexually, but I don't think I would be afraid of it if it happened."[36] Both have stated that the sex scenes in the beginning were difficult to do. Lee found the first scene difficult to film and has stated he has great respect for the two main actors for their "courage". Ledger's performance was described by Luke Davies as a difficult and empowering portrayal given the environment of the film, stating: "In Brokeback Mountain the vulnerability, the potential for danger, is so great – a world so masculine it might destroy you for any aberration – that [Ledger's] real brilliance was to bring to the screen a character, Ennis Del Mar, so fundamentally shut down that he is like a bible of unrequited desires, stifled yearnings, lost potential."[37]
On January 3, 2006, Universal, the studio of which Focus Features is the specialty division, announced that Brokeback Mountain was the most honored film of 2005. The independent website criticstop10.com backed that assertion, reporting that Brokeback Mountain was the most frequently selected film on reviewers' year-end Top Ten lists of 2005.[38] Entertainment Weekly put it on its end-of-the-decade, "best-of" list, saying, "Everyone called it 'The Gay Cowboy Movie.' Until they saw it. In the end, Ang Lee's 2005 love story wasn't gay or straight, just human."[39]
The film was picked as one of the 400 nominated films for the American Film Institute list AFI's 100 Years...100 Movies (10th Anniversary Edition).[40]
On March 9, 2006, a press release was sent to more than 400 media outlets announcing that nearly $26,000 had been raised for an ad to be posted in the Daily Variety on March 10, 2006.[41] This $26,000 had been raised by just over 600 fans through an online donations site, affiliated with a non-studio-sponsored online forum which is devoted to the film and the book.[42] The story was quickly picked up by several outlets including Yahoo!, The Advocate, and The New York Times.[43][44] The ad served as a simple show of fan support despite its losing the Best Picture Oscar.
International reception[edit]
“ I think they are genuinely happy to see a Chinese director win an Academy Award with good artistic value. I think that pride is genuine, so I would not think that's hypocritical at all. ”
—Ang Lee, responding to being celebrated in China for winning the Academy Award, although the film was not released there.[45]
 
The film has been given different titles in other languages. It is entitled The Secret(s) of Brokeback Mountain (in French, Italian, Portuguese and Polish). In Canadian French, the title is Souvenirs de Brokeback Mountain (Memories of Brokeback Mountain). In Hungarian, the title was Túl a barátságon (Beyond friendship). The Region 1 DVD has English, Spanish (Latin American), French (Canadian), and on some DVDs, German audio tracks.
The film met with mixed reactions in other nations, particularly China and Islamic nations of western Asia:
According to news reports, the film has not been shown in theaters in China, although it was freely available in bootleg DVD and video. The state said it did not distribute the film because the anticipated audience was too small to justify it. The foreign media suggested this was a cover for government opposition to a portrayal of homosexuality.[46][47]
The film opened in theaters in Lee's native Taiwan on January 20, 2006, and Hong Kong on February 23, 2006.[48] A CNN interviewer said to Ang Lee,

"Brokeback Mountain has never been shown in China, but when you won Best Director in 2005 for that film, the Chinese media said, and I quote: "You are the pride of the Chinese people all over the world." Do you find that a little hypocritical, the fact that you are feted by China, yet your film is not allowed to be shown there?"[45]
Lee responded,

"It was, I wouldn't say hypocritical. I think they are genuinely happy to see a Chinese director win an Academy Award with good artistic value. I think that pride is genuine, so I would not think that's hypocritical at all. Not only in my judgment, I literally meet people who are genuinely happy. No, no, I don't think so, it's just like they don't want homosexual movie shown in the movies, it's hard to put American logic... It's just something else. I don't know how to describe it, it's just something else. So what can I say?"[45]
The word "brokeback" (Chinese: 斷背; pinyin: duànbèi) has entered the Chinese lexicon as a slang word for homosexuality.[49]
In the Middle East, distribution of the film became a political issue. Homosexuality is legally a serious crime in most Islamic nations and is a taboo subject even in the few nations where it is legal. Israel was the only country in the Middle East to show the uncensored version of the film.[citation needed] Lebanon was the only Arab country to show the film, and it released a censored format. The film was also released in Turkey.[50] The film was officially banned from screenings in the United Arab Emirates; however, the DVD of the film was permitted to be rented from stores such as Blockbuster Video.[51][52]
On December 8, 2008, the Italian state-owned television channel Rai Due aired a censored version of the film, removing all the scenes with homoerotic references. Viewers protested, saying the deletions made the plot impossible to follow. The Arcigay organisation protested the deletions as homophobic censorship.[53] The state-owned television network RAI said the Italian film distributor had mistakenly censored the film. RAI showed an uncensored version of the film on March 17, 2009.[54]
Controversies[edit]
Utah theater cancellation[edit]

 

 Miller speaking to protesters at the University of Utah regarding his decision.
On January 6, 2006, Utah Jazz owner Larry H. Miller pulled the film from his Jordan Commons entertainment complex in Sandy, Utah, a suburb of Salt Lake City. Miller made the decision at the last minute, after having contracted for the release and advertising the film. He pulled it after learning that the plot concerned a same-sex romance. Miller said the film got away from "traditional families", which he believes is "dangerous".[55][56] Focus Features threatened to sue him and announced it would no longer do business with him. The company stated, "You can't do business with people who break their word."[56]
Conservative media[edit]
Several conservative political pundits, including commentators Bill O'Reilly, John Gibson, and Cal Thomas, accused Hollywood of pushing a gay agenda with the film. On December 23, 2005, the Fox network reported that Brokeback Mountain was facing "Brokeback Burnout", citing a fall in revenues from Sunday, December 18, 2005, to Monday, as well as subsequent falls during the week.[57] Most films have smaller returns during the week compared to weekends.
Gibson made jokes about the film on his Fox News Radio program for months after the film's release. After actor Heath Ledger died in January 2008 from a drug overdose, Gibson was widely criticized for mocking the deceased actor hours after the news broke.[58] Gibson said there was "no point in passing up a good joke."[59]
Gene Shalit[edit]
Gene Shalit, the film critic for The Today Show, described the character of Jack Twist as a "sexual predator" who "tracks Ennis down and coaxes him into sporadic trysts."[60] Some viewers complained about this. The gay media watchdog group GLAAD said that Shalit's characterization of Twist was like calling Leonardo DiCaprio in Titanic a sexual predator for his romantic pursuit of the character played by Kate Winslet.[60][61]
Peter Shalit, the critic's son, wrote an open letter to GLAAD, saying of his father: "He may have had an unpopular opinion of a movie that is important to the gay community, but he defamed no one, and he is not a homophobe." He said that GLAAD had defamed his father by "falsely accusing him of a repellent form of bigotry".[62] However, Gene Shalit later apologized for his review. "I did not intend to use a word that many in the gay community consider incendiary...I certainly had no intention of casting aspersions on anyone in the gay community or on the community itself. I regret any emotional hurt that may have resulted from my review of Brokeback Mountain."[61]
U.S. social conservatives[edit]
Several conservative Christian groups, such as Concerned Women for America and Focus on the Family, strongly criticized the film, based on its subject matter, before its release. Following wins by Brokeback Mountain, Capote, and Transamerica at the 2006 Golden Globes, Janice Crouse, a Concerned Women for America member, cited these films as examples of how "the media elites are proving that their pet projects are more important than profit" and suggested that they were not popular enough to merit so much critical acclaim.[63]
Conservative radio figure Rush Limbaugh has referred to the film as "Bareback Mountain" and "Humpback Mountain".[64] Don Imus referred to the film as "Fudgepack Mountain".[65]
Criticism of marketing[edit]
Some commentators suggested that the film's producers reduced or hid its homosexual aspects in advertising and in public events, such as press conferences and award ceremonies. Journalists including New York Daily News writer Wayman Wong, Dave Cullen and Daniel Mendelsohn complained that the film's director, lead actors, and publicity team avoided using the word gay to describe the story, and noted that the film trailer did not show a kiss between the two male leads but did show a heterosexual love scene.[66][67]
Quaid lawsuit[edit]
On March 23, 2006, actor Randy Quaid, who played Joe Aguirre (Ennis and Jack's boss), filed a lawsuit against Focus Features (LLC), Del Mar Productions (LLC), James Schamus, David Linde, and Does 1–10 alleging that they intentionally and negligently misrepresented Brokeback Mountain as "a low-budget, art house film with no prospect of making any money" in order to secure Quaid's professional acting services at below-market rates. The film had grossed more than $160 million as of the date of his lawsuit, which sought $10 million plus punitive damages.[68] On May 5, Quaid dropped his lawsuit. Quaid's publicist said he decided to drop the lawsuit after Focus Features agreed to pay him a bonus. Focus Features denies making such a settlement.[69]
Allegations of animal cruelty[edit]
The American Humane Association raised concerns that animals were treated improperly during filming, alleging that sheep were handled roughly and that an elk appeared to have been "shot on cue." It suggested that the animal was anesthetized for this purpose, violating standard guidelines for animal handling in the film industry.[70]
Post-Academy Awards debate[edit]
Main article: List of accolades received by Brokeback Mountain: Post-Academy Awards reaction
Supporters of this film engendered considerable discussion after the film Crash won the Academy Award for Best Picture. Some critics accused the Academy of homophobia for failing to award the Oscar for Best Picture to Brokeback Mountain. Michael Jensen noted that prior to the Oscar ceremony, Brokeback Mountain became "the most honored movie in cinematic history",[71] winning more Best Picture and Director awards than previous Oscar winners Schindler's List and Titanic combined. He noted that, prior to Brokeback, no film that had won the Writer's Guild, Director's Guild, and Producer's Guild awards failed to win the Academy Award for Best Picture, and that only four times in the previous twenty-five years had the Best Picture winner not also been the film with the most nominations. He also noted that only once before had a film that failed to be nominated for the Golden Globe's Best Picture (Crash) won the Academy Award.[72][73][74] Brokeback Mountain ranks 13th among the highest-grossing romance films of all time.[75]
Some critics, notably Roger Ebert, defended the decision to award Crash Best Picture, arguing that the better film won.[76] Ebert questioned why many critics were not acknowledging other nominees and appeared to be bashing Crash only because it won over their preferred film.[77]
Accolades[edit]
Main article: List of accolades received by Brokeback Mountain
Brokeback Mountain won 71 awards and had an additional 52 nominations.[78] The winners include three Academy Awards for Best Director, Best Adapted Screenplay, and Best Score as well as four Golden Globe awards for Best Motion Picture-Drama, Best Director, Best Song, and Best Screenplay and four BAFTA Awards for Best Film, Best Director, Best Adapted Screenplay and Best Supporting Actor (Jake Gyllenhaal). The film also received four Screen Actors Guild nominations for Best Actor, Best Supporting Actor, Best Supporting Actress and Best Ensemble, more than any other film released in 2005. The film is one of several highly acclaimed LGBT-related films of 2005 to be nominated for critical awards; others include Breakfast on Pluto, Capote, Rent, and Transamerica. Some of the most significant awards and nominations for Brokeback Mountain are listed below:
Won[edit]

Academy Awards
1. Best Director, Ang Lee
2. Best Original Score, Gustavo Santaolalla
3. Best Adapted Screenplay, Larry McMurtry, Diana Ossana
Golden Globe Awards
1. Best Director, Ang Lee
2. Best Motion Picture — Drama
3. Best Original Song, Gustavo Santaolalla, Bernie Taupin
4. Best Screenplay, Larry McMurtry, Diana Ossana
BAFTA Awards
1. Best Direction, Ang Lee
2. Best Film, Diana Ossana, James Schamus
3. Best Supporting Actor, Jake Gyllenhaal
4. Best Adapted Screenplay, Larry McMurtry, Diana Ossana
78th Academy Awards: Best Director (Ang Lee), Best Adapted Screenplay (Larry McMurtry and Diana Ossana), Best Original Score (Gustavo Santaolalla)
59th BAFTA Awards: Best Film (Diana Ossana and James Schamus), Best Supporting Actor (Jake Gyllenhaal), Best Director (Ang Lee), Best Adapted Screenplay (Larry McMurty and Diana Ossana)
Broadcast Film Critics Association Awards 2005: Best Picture (Diana Ossana and James Schamus), Best Director (Ang Lee), Best Supporting Actress – (Tie) (Michelle Williams), Best Original Song (Emmylou Harris, Gustavo Santaolalla, and Bernie Taupin, "A Love That Will Never Grow Old")
Directors Guild of America Awards: Director of the Year Award — Theatrical Motion Picture (Ang Lee)
European Film Awards: Best Director (Ang Lee)
GLAAD Media Awards: Outstanding Film — Wide Release (Ang Lee, Diana Ossana, and James Schamus)
63rd Golden Globe Awards Best Motion Picture — Drama (Diana Ossana and James Schamus), Best Director — Motion Picture (Ang Lee), Best Screenplay (Larry McMurtry and Diana Ossana), Best Song (Gustavo Santaolalla and Bernie Taupin, "A Love That Will Never Grow Old")
Independent Spirit Awards: Best Picture (Diana Ossana and James Schamus), Best Director (Ang Lee)[79]
MTV Movie Awards: Best Performance (Jake Gyllenhaal), Best Kiss (Heath Ledger & Jake Gyllenhaal)
Producer's Guild Awards: Producer of the Year Award — Theatrical Motion Picture (Diana Ossana and James Schamus)
Time Magazine: TIME 100: The People Who Shape Our World (2006) (Ang Lee)[80]
Venice International Film Festival: "Golden Lion" for Best Film (Ang Lee)
Writers Guild of America Awards: Best Adapted Screenplay (Larry McMurtry and Diana Ossana)
National Gay Pride Association: Best Motion Picture (2006) (Diana Ossana and James Schamus)
Australian Film Institute: Best International Actor (Heath Ledger)
Nominated[edit]
78th Academy Awards: Best Picture (Focus Features: Diana Ossana and James Schamus), Best Actor in a Leading Role (Heath Ledger), Best Actor in a Supporting Role (Jake Gyllenhaal), Best Actress in a Supporting Role (Michelle Williams), Best Cinematography (Rodrigo Prieto)
59th BAFTA Awards: Best Actor (Heath Ledger), Best Supporting Actress (Michelle Williams), Best Cinematography (Rodrigo Prieto), Best Score (Gustavo Santaolalla), Best Editing (Geraldine Peroni and Dylan Tichenor)
Broadcast Film Critics Association Awards 2005: Best Actor (Heath Ledger), Best Supporting Actor (Jake Gyllenhaal), Best Writer (Larry McMurtry and Diana Ossana)
European Film Awards: Screen International Award (Ang Lee)
63rd Golden Globe Awards: Best Actor — Motion Picture Drama (Heath Ledger), Best Supporting Actress — Motion Picture (Michelle Williams), Best Original Score (Gustavo Santaolalla)
49th Grammy Awards: Best Compilation Soundtrack Album For Motion Picture, Television Or Other Visual Media (Gustavo Santaolalla, producer)
Independent Spirit Awards: Best Male Lead (Heath Ledger), Best Supporting Female (Michelle Williams)
Screen Actors Guild: Outstanding Performance by a Male Actor in a Leading Role (Heath Ledger), Outstanding Performance by a Male Actor in a Supporting Role (Jake Gyllenhaal), Outstanding Performance by a Female Actor in a Supporting Role (Michelle Williams), Outstanding Performance by a Cast in a Motion Picture (Heath Ledger, Jake Gyllenhaal, Michelle Williams, Anne Hathaway, Randy Quaid, Linda Cardellini, Anna Faris)
Home media[edit]
This film is the first to be released the same day as both a DVD and a download available via the Internet.[81]
It was released in the United States on April 4, 2006. The film moved more than 1.4 million copies on its first day of release and was the second biggest seller of the week behind Disney's The Chronicles of Narnia: The Lion, the Witch and the Wardrobe. Though the ranking fluctuated daily, by late March and early April 2006, Brokeback Mountain had been the top-selling DVD on Amazon.com several days running.[82] The Region 2 (Europe) DVD was released on April 24, 2006, though at first only in the UK. Other release dates are much later: France on July 19, 2006, and Poland in September, a considerable time after the theater release in both countries. The Region 4 (Australia/New Zealand/South America) DVD was released on July 19, 2006.[83] Brokeback Mountain was re-released in a collector's edition on January 23, 2007. On that same day, Brokeback Mountain was also released as a Combo Format HD DVD/DVD.[84] Brokeback Mountain was released on Blu-ray Disc on September 30, 2007, but only in the UK.[85] Brokeback Mountain was released on Blu-ray Disc in the United States on March 10, 2009.[86]
Film's influence[edit]
The pair of shirts featured in the film were sold on eBay on February 20, 2006, for US$101,100.51.[87][88] The shirts were sold to benefit the children's charity Variety, long associated with the film industry.[89] The buyer was Tom Gregory, a film historian and collector. He described the shirts as "the ruby slippers of our time," (referring to an artifact of The Wizard of Oz film.[90]
Beyond Brokeback: The Impact of a Film (2007) is a book of personal stories of how people were influenced by the short story and film, compiled from accounts written by members of the Ultimate Brokeback Forum.
In 2009 Tom Gregory loaned the shirts from the film to the Autry National Center in Los Angeles for its series, Out West, which explored the history of homosexual, bisexual and transgender people in the Old West. The series included a gallery tour, panel discussions, lectures and performances, with events held in four installments over the course of 12 months. According to the Autry, the series was the "first of its kind" for a western heritage museum.[91]
In an associated Out West series program, the Autry screened Brokeback Mountain in December 2010 to commemorate the film's fifth anniversary. That day it also held a staged reading of Beyond Brokeback, a presentation adapted by independent historian Gregory Hinton from the 2007 book. (He had also conceived and organized the Out West series for the museum.)[91]
Beyond Brokeback has been presented as a staged reading at other venues, such as Roosevelt University in Chicago, on November 13, 2011, together with a panel discussion and screening of the film.[92]
Brokeback Mountain is an American opera composed by Charles Wuorinen with a libretto by Annie Proulx, based on her 1997 short story by the same name. Written in English, it premiered at the Teatro Real in Madrid on January 28, 2014. It was championed by impresario Gerard Mortier, who had commissioned it.[93][94]
Fan fiction[edit]
Annie Proulx, author of the original 1997 short story, said a few years after the film's release, "I wish I'd never written it," because she has been sent too much fan fiction presenting alternative plots.:[95]

[The film] is the source of constant irritation in my private life. There are countless people out there who think the story is open range to explore their fantasies and to correct what they see as an unbearably disappointing story.[96]
She said the authors, mostly men who claim to "understand men better than I do",[95] often send her their works:[96]

They constantly send ghastly manuscripts and pornish rewrites of the story to me, expecting me to reply with praise and applause for "fixing" the story. They certainly don't get the message that if you can't fix it you've got to stand it. Most of these "fix-it" tales have the character Ennis finding a husky boyfriend and living happily ever after, or discovering the character Jack is not really dead after all, or having the two men's children meet and marry, etc., etc."[96]
See also[edit]

Portal icon Film in the United States portal
Portal icon LGBT portal
Portal icon 2000s portal
Brokeback Mountain (opera), composed by Charles Wuorinen with a libretto by Annie Proulx
Brokeback Mountain: Original Motion Picture Soundtrack, description of related soundtrack recordings.
Queer Cinema
Mixed-orientation marriage, sometimes referred to as a 'brokeback' marriage.
List of lesbian, gay, bisexual, or transgender-related films by storyline
References[edit]
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31.Jump up ^ Patton, Clarence; Murray, Christopher (December 22, 2005). "Brokeback on the Down Low". Gay City News Vol. 4, No. 51. Retrieved July 24, 2007.[dead link]
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33.Jump up ^ Ebert, Roger (December 16, 2005). "Brokeback Mountain review". Chicago Sun-Times. Archived from the original on July 8, 2010. Retrieved July 8, 2010.
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35.Jump up ^ Testa, Matthew (December 29, 2005). "Close Range". Salt Lake City Weekly. Archived from the original on June 29, 2006. Retrieved March 16, 2006.
36.Jump up ^ "Bisexual Rumors Flatter Gyllenhaal". W.E.N.N. Movie/TV News. November 22, 2005. Retrieved August 23, 2007.
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47.Jump up ^ ""Brokeback" not coming to mainland". Xinhuanet.com, Sources: China Radio International & Sznews.com. Retrieved July 24, 2007.
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87.Jump up ^ "Brokeback shirts sell for more than $100K". The Advocate. February 23, 2006. Retrieved July 24, 2007.
88.Jump up ^ "Jake Gyllenhaal's Brokeback Mountain Shirt Sells For $100K". Starpulse.com News Blog. February 20, 2006. Retrieved July 24, 2007.
89.Jump up ^ "U.S. Variety — About Variety". Variety, the Children's Charity. Retrieved July 24, 2007.
90.Jump up ^ "Hotline: Bidder ponies up for 'Brokeback' shirts". Boston Herald. February 23, 2006. Retrieved July 24, 2007.
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96.^ Jump up to: a b c Hughes, Robert J. (September 6, 2008). "Return to the Range". The Wall Street Journal. Retrieved January 21, 2012.
Further reading[edit]
Proulx, Annie (1997, 1999, 2006). Close Range: Wyoming Stories.
Proulx, Annie; McMurtry, Larry; Ossana, Diana (2005, 2006). Brokeback Mountain: Story to Screenplay. London, New York, Toronto and Sydney: Harper Perennial. ISBN 978-0-00-723430-1.
Packard, Chris (2006) Queer Cowboys: And Other Erotic Male Friendships in Nineteenth-Century American Literature. New York: Palgrave Macmillan. ISBN 1-4039-7597-3.
Cante, Richard C. (March 2008). "Introduction"; "Chapter 3". Gay Men and the Forms of Contemporary US Culture. London: Ashgate Publishing. ISBN 0-7546-7230-1.
External links[edit]
 Wikiquote has quotations related to: Brokeback Mountain
Official website
Brokeback Mountain at AllMovie
Brokeback Mountain at Metacritic
Brokeback Mountain at Box Office Mojo
Brokeback Mountain at Rotten Tomatoes
Brokeback Mountain at the Internet Movie Database


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Brokeback Mountain

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This article is about the motion picture. For the original short story, see Brokeback Mountain (short story).

Brokeback Mountain
Brokeback mountain.jpg
Theatrical release poster
 
Directed by
Ang Lee
Produced by
James Schamus
Larry McMurtry
Diana Ossana
Screenplay by
Larry McMurtry
 Diana Ossana
Based on
"Brokeback Mountain"
 by Annie Proulx
Starring
Heath Ledger
Jake Gyllenhaal
Anne Hathaway
Michelle Williams
Music by
Gustavo Santaolalla
Cinematography
Rodrigo Prieto
Edited by
Geraldine Peroni
Dylan Tichenor

Production
 company

River Road Entertainment
Good Machine
 
Distributed by
Focus Features

Release dates

September 2, 2005 (Venice International Film Festival)
December 9, 2005 (United States)
December 23, 2005 (Canada)
 

Running time
 134 minutes
Country
United States
 Canada
Language
English
Budget
$14 million[1]
Box office
$178.1 million[2]
Brokeback Mountain is a 2005 American epic romantic drama film directed by Ang Lee. It is a film adaptation of the 1997 short story of the same name by Annie Proulx; the screenplay was written by Diana Ossana and Larry McMurtry. The film stars Heath Ledger, Jake Gyllenhaal, Anne Hathaway, Michelle Williams, and Randy Quaid, and depicts the complex romantic and sexual relationship between two men in the American West from 1963 to 1983.[3]
Brokeback Mountain won the Golden Lion at the Venice Film Festival and was honored with Best Picture and Best Director accolades from the British Academy Film Awards, Golden Globe Awards, Producers Guild of America Awards, Critics' Choice Movie Awards, and Independent Spirit Awards among many other organizations and festivals.
Brokeback Mountain was nominated for eight Academy Awards, the most nominations at the 78th Academy Awards, where it won three: Best Director, Best Adapted Screenplay, and Best Original Score.


Contents  [hide]
1 Plot
2 Cast
3 Production
4 Comparison to original story
5 Box office success
6 Reception
7 Discussions about sexuality of characters
8 International reception
9 Controversies 9.1 Utah theater cancellation
9.2 Conservative media
9.3 Gene Shalit
9.4 U.S. social conservatives
9.5 Criticism of marketing
9.6 Quaid lawsuit
9.7 Allegations of animal cruelty
9.8 Post-Academy Awards debate
10 Accolades 10.1 Won
10.2 Nominated
11 Home media
12 Film's influence 12.1 Fan fiction
13 See also
14 References
15 Further reading
16 External links

Plot[edit]
In 1963, Ennis Del Mar (Heath Ledger) and Jack Twist (Jake Gyllenhaal) are hired by Joe Aguirre (Randy Quaid) to herd his sheep through the summer in the Wyoming mountains. After a night of heavy drinking, Jack makes a sexual pass at Ennis, who is initially reluctant but eventually responds to Jack's advances. Though he informs Jack that it was a one-time incident, they develop a sexual and emotional relationship. Shortly after learning their summer together is being cut short, they briefly fight and each is bloodied.
After Jack and Ennis part ways, Ennis marries his longtime fiancée Alma Beers (Michelle Williams) and has two daughters with her. Jack returns the next summer seeking work, but Aguirre, who witnessed Jack and Ennis on the mountain, does not rehire him.
Jack moves to Texas, where he meets, marries, and has a son with rodeo rider Lureen Newsome (Anne Hathaway). After four years, Jack visits Ennis. Upon meeting, the two kiss passionately, which Alma accidentally witnesses. Jack broaches the subject of creating a life together on a small ranch, but Ennis, haunted by a childhood memory of the torture and murder of a man suspected of homosexual behavior, refuses. He is also unwilling to abandon his family. Ennis and Jack continue to meet for infrequent fishing trips.
The marriages of both men deteriorate. Alma and Ennis eventually divorce in 1975. Ennis sees his family regularly until Alma finally confronts him about her knowing the true nature of his relationship with Jack. This results in a violent argument, causing Ennis to abandon his connections with Alma.
Lureen abandons the rodeo, going into business with her father and expecting Jack to work in sales. Hearing about Ennis' divorce, Jack drives to Wyoming. He suggests again that they should live together, but Ennis refuses to move away from his children. Jack finds solace with male prostitutes in Mexico. Ennis meets and has a brief romantic relationship with Cassie Cartwright (Linda Cardellini), a waitress.
Jack and Lureen meet and befriend another couple, Randall and Lashawn Malone. It is suggested that Jack and Randall begin an affair behind their wives' backs.
At the end of a regular fishing trip with Jack, Ennis tries to postpone their next meeting. Jack's frustration erupts into argument, and Ennis blames Jack for being the cause of his own conflicted actions. Jack tries to hold him and there is a brief struggle, but they end up locked in an embrace. Jack watches Ennis drive away.
Some time later, Ennis receives a postcard he had sent to Jack, stamped "Deceased". He calls Lureen, who says that Jack died in an accident, when a tire he was changing exploded. While listening, Ennis imagines Jack being attacked by a gang. Jack's fate is left "deliberately ambiguous".[4] Lureen tells Ennis that Jack wanted to have his ashes scattered on Brokeback Mountain, but she does not know where it is.
Ennis travels to meet with Jack's mother and father (Roberta Maxwell and Peter McRobbie), and offers to take Jack's ashes to the mountain. The father declines, preferring to have them interred in a family plot. Allowed to see Jack's childhood bedroom, Ennis finds the bloodstained shirt he thought he had lost on Brokeback Mountain. He realizes Jack kept it hanging with his own stained shirt from that summer fight. Ennis holds them up to his face, silently weeping. Jack's mother lets him keep the shirts.
Later, 19-year-old Alma Jr. (Kate Mara) arrives at Ennis' trailer to tell her father she is engaged. She asks for his blessing and invites him to the wedding. Ennis asks her if her fiancé really loves her, and she says yes. After Alma leaves, Ennis goes to his closet, where his and Jack's shirts hang together, with a postcard of Brokeback Mountain tacked above.
Cast[edit]
Heath Ledger as Ennis Del Mar
Jake Gyllenhaal as Jack Twist
Randy Quaid as Joe Aguirre
Michelle Williams as Alma Beers Del Mar
Anne Hathaway as Lureen Newsome Twist
Linda Cardellini as Cassie Cartwright
Anna Faris as Lashawn Malone
David Harbour as Randall Malone
Roberta Maxwell as Mrs. Twist
Peter McRobbie as John Twist
Kate Mara as Alma Del Mar Jr.
Production[edit]
Gus Van Sant tried to adapt Proulx's story as a film, hoping to cast Joaquin Phoenix and Matt Damon. Damon told the director, "Gus, I did a gay movie (The Talented Mr. Ripley), then a cowboy movie (All the Pretty Horses). I can't follow it up with a gay-cowboy movie!"[5]
Mark Wahlberg reportedly declined the starring role, saying he turned down the opportunity because he was "a little creeped out" by the homosexual themes and sex scene.[6]
While the film is set in Wyoming (as in the original story), it was filmed almost entirely in the Canadian Rockies in southern Alberta.[7] The fictional "Brokeback Mountain" was named to suggest a physical feature, after a term used for a swaybacked horse or mule.[8] The mountain featured in the film is a composite of Mount Lougheed south of the town of Canmore and Fortress and Moose Mountain in Kananaskis Country.[9]
The campsites were filmed at Goat Creek, Upper Kananaskis Lake, Elbow Falls and Canyon Creek, also in Alberta. Other scenes were filmed in Cowley, Fort Macleod,[10] and Calgary. The film was shot during the summer of 2004.[11]
Comparison to original story[edit]
Proulx has praised the faithfulness of the adaptation of her story as a feature film. Before the movie was made, she described McMurtry and Ossana's adaptation as "an exceptionally fine screenplay." Later, she praised the film as "huge and powerful," writing that she was "knocked for a loop" when she first saw it.
“ I may be the first writer in America to have a piece of writing make its way to the screen whole and entire," she said. "And, when I saw the film for the first time, I was astonished that the characters of Jack and Ennis came surging into my mind again... ”
[citation needed]
Nearly all of the dialogue and descriptions from the original story were included in the screenplay. Few major differences have been noted. Most of the changes involve expansion, with brief mentions of the characters' marriages in the story becoming scenes of domestic life in the film. The narrative sequence is nearly identical in story and film: both begin with Jack and Ennis meeting in 1963 and end with a scene of Ennis 20 years later. One example of adaptation of the story's dramatic arc arises from a significant memory (of the men embracing by a campfire): it appears in the film as a flashback in the same sequence as Jack recalls it in the story.
Box office success[edit]
Brokeback Mountain cost about US$14 million to produce, excluding its reported advertising budget of $5 million. According to interviews with the filmmakers, Focus Features was able to recoup its production costs early on by selling overseas rights to the film.
The film saw limited release in the United States on December 9, 2005 (in New York City, Los Angeles, and San Francisco), taking $547,425 in five theaters its first weekend.
Over the Christmas weekend, it posted the highest per-theater gross of any film and was considered a box office success not only in urban centers such as New York City and Los Angeles, but also in suburban theaters near Portland, Houston, Chicago, Dallas, Denver, and Atlanta. On January 6, 2006, the film expanded into 483 theaters, and on January 13, 2006, Focus Features, the film's distributor, opened Brokeback in nearly 700 North American cinemas as part of its ongoing expansion strategy for the film. On January 20, the film opened in 1,194 theaters in North America; it opened in 1,652 theaters on January 27 and in 2,089 theaters on February 3, its widest release.
Brokeback Mountain's theatrical run lasted for 133 days and grossed $83,043,761 in North America and $95,018,998 abroad, adding up to a worldwide gross of $178,062,759. It is the top-grossing release of Focus Features, ranks fifth among the highest-grossing westerns (since 1979) and eighth among the highest-grossing romantic dramas (1980 – present).
The film was released in London on December 30, 2005, in only one cinema, and was widely released in the rest of the United Kingdom on January 6, 2006. On January 11, Time Out London magazine reported that Brokeback was the number one film in the city, a position it held for three weeks.[12]
The film was released in France on January 18, 2006, in 155 cinemas (expanding into 258 cinemas in the second week and into 290 in the third week). In its first week of release, Brokeback Mountain was in third place at the French box office, with 277,000 people viewing the film, or an average of 1,787 people by cinema per week, the highest such figure for any film in France that week. One month later, it reached more than one million viewers (more than 1,250,000 on March 18), with still 168 cinemas (in the 10th week). Released in Italy on January 20, the film grossed more than 890,000 euros in only three days, and was the fourth highest-grossing film in the country in its first week of release.
Brokeback Mountain was released in Australia on January 26, 2006, where it landed in fourth place at the box office and earned an average per-screen gross three times higher than its nearest competitor during its first weekend despite being released in only 48 cinemas nationwide. Most of the Australian critics praised the film.[13] Brokeback was released in many other countries during the first three months of 2006.[14]
During its first week of release, Brokeback was in first place in Hong Kong's box office, with more than US$473,868 ($22,565 per cinema).[15]
Brokeback Mountain was the highest-grossing film in the U.S. from January 17 through January 19, 2006, perhaps due primarily to its wins at the Golden Globes on January 16. Indeed, the film was one of the top five highest-grossing films in the U.S. every day from January 17 until January 28, including over the weekend (when more people go to the films and big-budget films usually crowd out independent films from the top-grossing list) of January 20–22.[16] On January 28, the film fell out of the top five and into sixth place at the box office during that weekend before entering the top five again on January 30 and remaining there until February 10.
The film was released on January 20, 2006, in Taiwan, where director Ang Lee was born. It ran until April 20.
Reception[edit]
Professional film critics have praised Brokeback Mountain.[17] The film won four Golden Globe Awards, including Best Motion Picture – Drama, and was nominated for seven, leading all other films in the 2005 awards. It won the Golden Lion at the Venice Film Festival, as well as the title Best Picture from the Boston Society of Film Critics, the Dallas-Fort Worth Film Critics Association, the Florida Film Critics Circle, the Las Vegas Film Critics Society, the Los Angeles Film Critics Association, the New York Film Critics Circle, the San Francisco Film Critics Circle, the Southeastern Film Critics Association, the Utah Film Critics Society, and the British Academy of Film and Television Arts (BAFTAs).
Brokeback Mountain received an 87% "Fresh" rating on Rotten Tomatoes, compiled from 223 reviews, with the consensus that "a beautifully epic Western, Brokeback Mountain's gay love story is imbued with heartbreaking universality, helped by the moving performances of Ledger and Gyllenhaal."[17] It also received an 87 out of 100 score on Metacritic based on 41 reviews, indicating "Universal acclaim."[18] The film was given a "two thumbs up" rating by Roger Ebert and Richard Roeper, the former giving a four-star review in the Chicago Sun-Times. The film received positive reviews from Christianity Today.[19] Conservative radio host Michael Medved gave the film three and a half stars, stating that while the film's "agenda" is blatant, it is an artistic work.[20]
The film's significance has been attributed to its portrayal of a same-sex relationship on its own terms, focused on the characters. It does not refer to the history of the gay civil rights movement.[21] It emphasizes the tragic love story aspect, and many commentators have compared Ennis and Jack's drama to classic and modern romances such as Romeo and Juliet or Titanic, often using the term star-crossed lovers.[22][23][24] The poster for the film was inspired by that of James Cameron's Titanic, after Ang Lee's collaborator James Schamus looked at the posters of "the 50 most romantic movies ever made".[25]
Discussions about sexuality of characters[edit]
Reviewers, critics, and the cast and crew disagreed as to whether the film's two protagonists were homosexual, bisexual, heterosexual, or should be free of any sexual classification. The film was frequently referred to in the media as the "gay cowboy movie," but a number of reviewers noted that both Jack and Ennis were bisexual.[26][27][28] Sex researcher Fritz Klein said that the film was "a nice film with two main characters who were bisexual", and suggested that the character of Jack is more "toward the gay side of bisexuality" and Ennis is "a bit more toward the straight side of being bisexual".[29]
In an article in American Sexuality Magazine, educator Amy Andre critiqued the media's avoidance of the use of the term bisexual in association with Brokeback Mountain:
“ Brokeback Mountain is a not a movie about gay people, and there are no gay people in it. There. I said it. Despite what you may have read in the many reviews that have come out about this new cowboy feature film, Brokeback Mountain is a bisexual picture. Why can't film reviewers say the word 'bisexual' when they see lead characters with sexual and romantic relationships with both men and women? I am unaware of a single review of Brokeback calling the leads what they are—a sad statement on the invisibility of bisexual experience and the level of biphobia in both the mainstream and gay media.[30] ”
Gyllenhaal concluded that Ennis and Jack were heterosexual men who "develop this love, this bond," saying in a Details interview: "I approached the story believing that these are actually two straight guys who fall in love."[29]
Others have said that they felt the characters' sexuality to be simply ambiguous. Clarence Patton and Christopher Murray said in New York's Gay City News that Ennis and Jack's experiences were metaphors for "many men who do not identify as gay or even queer, but who nevertheless have sex with other men".[31] A reviewer at Filmcritic.com wrote, "We later see Jack eagerly engage Lureen sexually, with no explanation as to whether he is bisexual, so in need of physical intimacy that anyone, regardless of gender, will do, or merely very adept at faking it."[32]
Ledger was quoted in TIME magazine:

"I don't think Ennis could be labeled as gay. Without Jack Twist, I don't know that he ever would have come out.... I think the whole point was that it was two souls that fell in love with each other."
Others believe that the characters were gay, including LGBT non-fiction author Eric Marcus, who dismissed "talk of Ennis and Jack being anything but gay as box office-influenced political correctness intended to steer straight audiences to the film". Roger Ebert concluded that both characters were gay but doubted it themselves: "Jack is able to accept a little more willingly that he is inescapably gay,"[33]
The film's producer James Schamus said, "I suppose movies can be Rorschach tests for all of us, but damn if these characters aren't gay to me."[29] Author Annie Proulx, whose story is the basis of the film, said "how different readers take the story is a reflection of their own personal values, attitudes, hang-ups."[34][35]
When Ledger and Gyllenhaal were asked about any fear of being cast in such controversial roles, Ledger responded that he was not afraid of the role, but rather he was concerned that he would not be mature enough as an actor to do the story justice. Gyllenhaal has stated that he is extremely proud of the film and his role, regardless of what the reactions would be. He regards rumors of him being bisexual as flattering, stating, "I'm open to whatever people want to call me. I've never really been attracted to men sexually, but I don't think I would be afraid of it if it happened."[36] Both have stated that the sex scenes in the beginning were difficult to do. Lee found the first scene difficult to film and has stated he has great respect for the two main actors for their "courage". Ledger's performance was described by Luke Davies as a difficult and empowering portrayal given the environment of the film, stating: "In Brokeback Mountain the vulnerability, the potential for danger, is so great – a world so masculine it might destroy you for any aberration – that [Ledger's] real brilliance was to bring to the screen a character, Ennis Del Mar, so fundamentally shut down that he is like a bible of unrequited desires, stifled yearnings, lost potential."[37]
On January 3, 2006, Universal, the studio of which Focus Features is the specialty division, announced that Brokeback Mountain was the most honored film of 2005. The independent website criticstop10.com backed that assertion, reporting that Brokeback Mountain was the most frequently selected film on reviewers' year-end Top Ten lists of 2005.[38] Entertainment Weekly put it on its end-of-the-decade, "best-of" list, saying, "Everyone called it 'The Gay Cowboy Movie.' Until they saw it. In the end, Ang Lee's 2005 love story wasn't gay or straight, just human."[39]
The film was picked as one of the 400 nominated films for the American Film Institute list AFI's 100 Years...100 Movies (10th Anniversary Edition).[40]
On March 9, 2006, a press release was sent to more than 400 media outlets announcing that nearly $26,000 had been raised for an ad to be posted in the Daily Variety on March 10, 2006.[41] This $26,000 had been raised by just over 600 fans through an online donations site, affiliated with a non-studio-sponsored online forum which is devoted to the film and the book.[42] The story was quickly picked up by several outlets including Yahoo!, The Advocate, and The New York Times.[43][44] The ad served as a simple show of fan support despite its losing the Best Picture Oscar.
International reception[edit]
“ I think they are genuinely happy to see a Chinese director win an Academy Award with good artistic value. I think that pride is genuine, so I would not think that's hypocritical at all. ”
—Ang Lee, responding to being celebrated in China for winning the Academy Award, although the film was not released there.[45]
 
The film has been given different titles in other languages. It is entitled The Secret(s) of Brokeback Mountain (in French, Italian, Portuguese and Polish). In Canadian French, the title is Souvenirs de Brokeback Mountain (Memories of Brokeback Mountain). In Hungarian, the title was Túl a barátságon (Beyond friendship). The Region 1 DVD has English, Spanish (Latin American), French (Canadian), and on some DVDs, German audio tracks.
The film met with mixed reactions in other nations, particularly China and Islamic nations of western Asia:
According to news reports, the film has not been shown in theaters in China, although it was freely available in bootleg DVD and video. The state said it did not distribute the film because the anticipated audience was too small to justify it. The foreign media suggested this was a cover for government opposition to a portrayal of homosexuality.[46][47]
The film opened in theaters in Lee's native Taiwan on January 20, 2006, and Hong Kong on February 23, 2006.[48] A CNN interviewer said to Ang Lee,

"Brokeback Mountain has never been shown in China, but when you won Best Director in 2005 for that film, the Chinese media said, and I quote: "You are the pride of the Chinese people all over the world." Do you find that a little hypocritical, the fact that you are feted by China, yet your film is not allowed to be shown there?"[45]
Lee responded,

"It was, I wouldn't say hypocritical. I think they are genuinely happy to see a Chinese director win an Academy Award with good artistic value. I think that pride is genuine, so I would not think that's hypocritical at all. Not only in my judgment, I literally meet people who are genuinely happy. No, no, I don't think so, it's just like they don't want homosexual movie shown in the movies, it's hard to put American logic... It's just something else. I don't know how to describe it, it's just something else. So what can I say?"[45]
The word "brokeback" (Chinese: 斷背; pinyin: duànbèi) has entered the Chinese lexicon as a slang word for homosexuality.[49]
In the Middle East, distribution of the film became a political issue. Homosexuality is legally a serious crime in most Islamic nations and is a taboo subject even in the few nations where it is legal. Israel was the only country in the Middle East to show the uncensored version of the film.[citation needed] Lebanon was the only Arab country to show the film, and it released a censored format. The film was also released in Turkey.[50] The film was officially banned from screenings in the United Arab Emirates; however, the DVD of the film was permitted to be rented from stores such as Blockbuster Video.[51][52]
On December 8, 2008, the Italian state-owned television channel Rai Due aired a censored version of the film, removing all the scenes with homoerotic references. Viewers protested, saying the deletions made the plot impossible to follow. The Arcigay organisation protested the deletions as homophobic censorship.[53] The state-owned television network RAI said the Italian film distributor had mistakenly censored the film. RAI showed an uncensored version of the film on March 17, 2009.[54]
Controversies[edit]
Utah theater cancellation[edit]

 

 Miller speaking to protesters at the University of Utah regarding his decision.
On January 6, 2006, Utah Jazz owner Larry H. Miller pulled the film from his Jordan Commons entertainment complex in Sandy, Utah, a suburb of Salt Lake City. Miller made the decision at the last minute, after having contracted for the release and advertising the film. He pulled it after learning that the plot concerned a same-sex romance. Miller said the film got away from "traditional families", which he believes is "dangerous".[55][56] Focus Features threatened to sue him and announced it would no longer do business with him. The company stated, "You can't do business with people who break their word."[56]
Conservative media[edit]
Several conservative political pundits, including commentators Bill O'Reilly, John Gibson, and Cal Thomas, accused Hollywood of pushing a gay agenda with the film. On December 23, 2005, the Fox network reported that Brokeback Mountain was facing "Brokeback Burnout", citing a fall in revenues from Sunday, December 18, 2005, to Monday, as well as subsequent falls during the week.[57] Most films have smaller returns during the week compared to weekends.
Gibson made jokes about the film on his Fox News Radio program for months after the film's release. After actor Heath Ledger died in January 2008 from a drug overdose, Gibson was widely criticized for mocking the deceased actor hours after the news broke.[58] Gibson said there was "no point in passing up a good joke."[59]
Gene Shalit[edit]
Gene Shalit, the film critic for The Today Show, described the character of Jack Twist as a "sexual predator" who "tracks Ennis down and coaxes him into sporadic trysts."[60] Some viewers complained about this. The gay media watchdog group GLAAD said that Shalit's characterization of Twist was like calling Leonardo DiCaprio in Titanic a sexual predator for his romantic pursuit of the character played by Kate Winslet.[60][61]
Peter Shalit, the critic's son, wrote an open letter to GLAAD, saying of his father: "He may have had an unpopular opinion of a movie that is important to the gay community, but he defamed no one, and he is not a homophobe." He said that GLAAD had defamed his father by "falsely accusing him of a repellent form of bigotry".[62] However, Gene Shalit later apologized for his review. "I did not intend to use a word that many in the gay community consider incendiary...I certainly had no intention of casting aspersions on anyone in the gay community or on the community itself. I regret any emotional hurt that may have resulted from my review of Brokeback Mountain."[61]
U.S. social conservatives[edit]
Several conservative Christian groups, such as Concerned Women for America and Focus on the Family, strongly criticized the film, based on its subject matter, before its release. Following wins by Brokeback Mountain, Capote, and Transamerica at the 2006 Golden Globes, Janice Crouse, a Concerned Women for America member, cited these films as examples of how "the media elites are proving that their pet projects are more important than profit" and suggested that they were not popular enough to merit so much critical acclaim.[63]
Conservative radio figure Rush Limbaugh has referred to the film as "Bareback Mountain" and "Humpback Mountain".[64] Don Imus referred to the film as "Fudgepack Mountain".[65]
Criticism of marketing[edit]
Some commentators suggested that the film's producers reduced or hid its homosexual aspects in advertising and in public events, such as press conferences and award ceremonies. Journalists including New York Daily News writer Wayman Wong, Dave Cullen and Daniel Mendelsohn complained that the film's director, lead actors, and publicity team avoided using the word gay to describe the story, and noted that the film trailer did not show a kiss between the two male leads but did show a heterosexual love scene.[66][67]
Quaid lawsuit[edit]
On March 23, 2006, actor Randy Quaid, who played Joe Aguirre (Ennis and Jack's boss), filed a lawsuit against Focus Features (LLC), Del Mar Productions (LLC), James Schamus, David Linde, and Does 1–10 alleging that they intentionally and negligently misrepresented Brokeback Mountain as "a low-budget, art house film with no prospect of making any money" in order to secure Quaid's professional acting services at below-market rates. The film had grossed more than $160 million as of the date of his lawsuit, which sought $10 million plus punitive damages.[68] On May 5, Quaid dropped his lawsuit. Quaid's publicist said he decided to drop the lawsuit after Focus Features agreed to pay him a bonus. Focus Features denies making such a settlement.[69]
Allegations of animal cruelty[edit]
The American Humane Association raised concerns that animals were treated improperly during filming, alleging that sheep were handled roughly and that an elk appeared to have been "shot on cue." It suggested that the animal was anesthetized for this purpose, violating standard guidelines for animal handling in the film industry.[70]
Post-Academy Awards debate[edit]
Main article: List of accolades received by Brokeback Mountain: Post-Academy Awards reaction
Supporters of this film engendered considerable discussion after the film Crash won the Academy Award for Best Picture. Some critics accused the Academy of homophobia for failing to award the Oscar for Best Picture to Brokeback Mountain. Michael Jensen noted that prior to the Oscar ceremony, Brokeback Mountain became "the most honored movie in cinematic history",[71] winning more Best Picture and Director awards than previous Oscar winners Schindler's List and Titanic combined. He noted that, prior to Brokeback, no film that had won the Writer's Guild, Director's Guild, and Producer's Guild awards failed to win the Academy Award for Best Picture, and that only four times in the previous twenty-five years had the Best Picture winner not also been the film with the most nominations. He also noted that only once before had a film that failed to be nominated for the Golden Globe's Best Picture (Crash) won the Academy Award.[72][73][74] Brokeback Mountain ranks 13th among the highest-grossing romance films of all time.[75]
Some critics, notably Roger Ebert, defended the decision to award Crash Best Picture, arguing that the better film won.[76] Ebert questioned why many critics were not acknowledging other nominees and appeared to be bashing Crash only because it won over their preferred film.[77]
Accolades[edit]
Main article: List of accolades received by Brokeback Mountain
Brokeback Mountain won 71 awards and had an additional 52 nominations.[78] The winners include three Academy Awards for Best Director, Best Adapted Screenplay, and Best Score as well as four Golden Globe awards for Best Motion Picture-Drama, Best Director, Best Song, and Best Screenplay and four BAFTA Awards for Best Film, Best Director, Best Adapted Screenplay and Best Supporting Actor (Jake Gyllenhaal). The film also received four Screen Actors Guild nominations for Best Actor, Best Supporting Actor, Best Supporting Actress and Best Ensemble, more than any other film released in 2005. The film is one of several highly acclaimed LGBT-related films of 2005 to be nominated for critical awards; others include Breakfast on Pluto, Capote, Rent, and Transamerica. Some of the most significant awards and nominations for Brokeback Mountain are listed below:
Won[edit]

Academy Awards
1. Best Director, Ang Lee
2. Best Original Score, Gustavo Santaolalla
3. Best Adapted Screenplay, Larry McMurtry, Diana Ossana
Golden Globe Awards
1. Best Director, Ang Lee
2. Best Motion Picture — Drama
3. Best Original Song, Gustavo Santaolalla, Bernie Taupin
4. Best Screenplay, Larry McMurtry, Diana Ossana
BAFTA Awards
1. Best Direction, Ang Lee
2. Best Film, Diana Ossana, James Schamus
3. Best Supporting Actor, Jake Gyllenhaal
4. Best Adapted Screenplay, Larry McMurtry, Diana Ossana
78th Academy Awards: Best Director (Ang Lee), Best Adapted Screenplay (Larry McMurtry and Diana Ossana), Best Original Score (Gustavo Santaolalla)
59th BAFTA Awards: Best Film (Diana Ossana and James Schamus), Best Supporting Actor (Jake Gyllenhaal), Best Director (Ang Lee), Best Adapted Screenplay (Larry McMurty and Diana Ossana)
Broadcast Film Critics Association Awards 2005: Best Picture (Diana Ossana and James Schamus), Best Director (Ang Lee), Best Supporting Actress – (Tie) (Michelle Williams), Best Original Song (Emmylou Harris, Gustavo Santaolalla, and Bernie Taupin, "A Love That Will Never Grow Old")
Directors Guild of America Awards: Director of the Year Award — Theatrical Motion Picture (Ang Lee)
European Film Awards: Best Director (Ang Lee)
GLAAD Media Awards: Outstanding Film — Wide Release (Ang Lee, Diana Ossana, and James Schamus)
63rd Golden Globe Awards Best Motion Picture — Drama (Diana Ossana and James Schamus), Best Director — Motion Picture (Ang Lee), Best Screenplay (Larry McMurtry and Diana Ossana), Best Song (Gustavo Santaolalla and Bernie Taupin, "A Love That Will Never Grow Old")
Independent Spirit Awards: Best Picture (Diana Ossana and James Schamus), Best Director (Ang Lee)[79]
MTV Movie Awards: Best Performance (Jake Gyllenhaal), Best Kiss (Heath Ledger & Jake Gyllenhaal)
Producer's Guild Awards: Producer of the Year Award — Theatrical Motion Picture (Diana Ossana and James Schamus)
Time Magazine: TIME 100: The People Who Shape Our World (2006) (Ang Lee)[80]
Venice International Film Festival: "Golden Lion" for Best Film (Ang Lee)
Writers Guild of America Awards: Best Adapted Screenplay (Larry McMurtry and Diana Ossana)
National Gay Pride Association: Best Motion Picture (2006) (Diana Ossana and James Schamus)
Australian Film Institute: Best International Actor (Heath Ledger)
Nominated[edit]
78th Academy Awards: Best Picture (Focus Features: Diana Ossana and James Schamus), Best Actor in a Leading Role (Heath Ledger), Best Actor in a Supporting Role (Jake Gyllenhaal), Best Actress in a Supporting Role (Michelle Williams), Best Cinematography (Rodrigo Prieto)
59th BAFTA Awards: Best Actor (Heath Ledger), Best Supporting Actress (Michelle Williams), Best Cinematography (Rodrigo Prieto), Best Score (Gustavo Santaolalla), Best Editing (Geraldine Peroni and Dylan Tichenor)
Broadcast Film Critics Association Awards 2005: Best Actor (Heath Ledger), Best Supporting Actor (Jake Gyllenhaal), Best Writer (Larry McMurtry and Diana Ossana)
European Film Awards: Screen International Award (Ang Lee)
63rd Golden Globe Awards: Best Actor — Motion Picture Drama (Heath Ledger), Best Supporting Actress — Motion Picture (Michelle Williams), Best Original Score (Gustavo Santaolalla)
49th Grammy Awards: Best Compilation Soundtrack Album For Motion Picture, Television Or Other Visual Media (Gustavo Santaolalla, producer)
Independent Spirit Awards: Best Male Lead (Heath Ledger), Best Supporting Female (Michelle Williams)
Screen Actors Guild: Outstanding Performance by a Male Actor in a Leading Role (Heath Ledger), Outstanding Performance by a Male Actor in a Supporting Role (Jake Gyllenhaal), Outstanding Performance by a Female Actor in a Supporting Role (Michelle Williams), Outstanding Performance by a Cast in a Motion Picture (Heath Ledger, Jake Gyllenhaal, Michelle Williams, Anne Hathaway, Randy Quaid, Linda Cardellini, Anna Faris)
Home media[edit]
This film is the first to be released the same day as both a DVD and a download available via the Internet.[81]
It was released in the United States on April 4, 2006. The film moved more than 1.4 million copies on its first day of release and was the second biggest seller of the week behind Disney's The Chronicles of Narnia: The Lion, the Witch and the Wardrobe. Though the ranking fluctuated daily, by late March and early April 2006, Brokeback Mountain had been the top-selling DVD on Amazon.com several days running.[82] The Region 2 (Europe) DVD was released on April 24, 2006, though at first only in the UK. Other release dates are much later: France on July 19, 2006, and Poland in September, a considerable time after the theater release in both countries. The Region 4 (Australia/New Zealand/South America) DVD was released on July 19, 2006.[83] Brokeback Mountain was re-released in a collector's edition on January 23, 2007. On that same day, Brokeback Mountain was also released as a Combo Format HD DVD/DVD.[84] Brokeback Mountain was released on Blu-ray Disc on September 30, 2007, but only in the UK.[85] Brokeback Mountain was released on Blu-ray Disc in the United States on March 10, 2009.[86]
Film's influence[edit]
The pair of shirts featured in the film were sold on eBay on February 20, 2006, for US$101,100.51.[87][88] The shirts were sold to benefit the children's charity Variety, long associated with the film industry.[89] The buyer was Tom Gregory, a film historian and collector. He described the shirts as "the ruby slippers of our time," (referring to an artifact of The Wizard of Oz film.[90]
Beyond Brokeback: The Impact of a Film (2007) is a book of personal stories of how people were influenced by the short story and film, compiled from accounts written by members of the Ultimate Brokeback Forum.
In 2009 Tom Gregory loaned the shirts from the film to the Autry National Center in Los Angeles for its series, Out West, which explored the history of homosexual, bisexual and transgender people in the Old West. The series included a gallery tour, panel discussions, lectures and performances, with events held in four installments over the course of 12 months. According to the Autry, the series was the "first of its kind" for a western heritage museum.[91]
In an associated Out West series program, the Autry screened Brokeback Mountain in December 2010 to commemorate the film's fifth anniversary. That day it also held a staged reading of Beyond Brokeback, a presentation adapted by independent historian Gregory Hinton from the 2007 book. (He had also conceived and organized the Out West series for the museum.)[91]
Beyond Brokeback has been presented as a staged reading at other venues, such as Roosevelt University in Chicago, on November 13, 2011, together with a panel discussion and screening of the film.[92]
Brokeback Mountain is an American opera composed by Charles Wuorinen with a libretto by Annie Proulx, based on her 1997 short story by the same name. Written in English, it premiered at the Teatro Real in Madrid on January 28, 2014. It was championed by impresario Gerard Mortier, who had commissioned it.[93][94]
Fan fiction[edit]
Annie Proulx, author of the original 1997 short story, said a few years after the film's release, "I wish I'd never written it," because she has been sent too much fan fiction presenting alternative plots.:[95]

[The film] is the source of constant irritation in my private life. There are countless people out there who think the story is open range to explore their fantasies and to correct what they see as an unbearably disappointing story.[96]
She said the authors, mostly men who claim to "understand men better than I do",[95] often send her their works:[96]

They constantly send ghastly manuscripts and pornish rewrites of the story to me, expecting me to reply with praise and applause for "fixing" the story. They certainly don't get the message that if you can't fix it you've got to stand it. Most of these "fix-it" tales have the character Ennis finding a husky boyfriend and living happily ever after, or discovering the character Jack is not really dead after all, or having the two men's children meet and marry, etc., etc."[96]
See also[edit]

Portal icon Film in the United States portal
Portal icon LGBT portal
Portal icon 2000s portal
Brokeback Mountain (opera), composed by Charles Wuorinen with a libretto by Annie Proulx
Brokeback Mountain: Original Motion Picture Soundtrack, description of related soundtrack recordings.
Queer Cinema
Mixed-orientation marriage, sometimes referred to as a 'brokeback' marriage.
List of lesbian, gay, bisexual, or transgender-related films by storyline
References[edit]
1.Jump up ^ "Brokeback Mountain (2005) - Box Office Mojo".
2.Jump up ^ "Brokeback Mountain (2005) - Box Office Mojo".
3.Jump up ^ Proulx, Annie; McMurtry, Larry; Ossana, Diana (2005, 2006). Brokeback Mountain: Story to Screenplay. London, New York, Toronto and Sydney: Harper Perennial. ISBN 978-0-00-723430-1.
4.Jump up ^ Gorton, Don (May–June 2006). "The Hate Crime" 13 (3). The Gay & Lesbian Review Worldwide (via The Free Library). pp. 13–14. Retrieved September 10, 2013.
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46.Jump up ^ World Entertainment News Network (January 27, 2006). "Brokeback Mountain banned in China". WTOP News. Retrieved July 24, 2007.
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50.Jump up ^ "'Brokeback Mountain' Gets 4 Golden Globes, but will it make it to Lebanon?". Helem. January 17, 2006. Archived from the original on September 27, 2007. Retrieved July 24, 2007.
51.Jump up ^ Abdullah, Afkar (February 9, 2006). "UAE bans Brokeback Mountain". Khaleej Times. Retrieved July 24, 2007.
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53.Jump up ^ "L'Arcigay: "La Rai ha censurato il film Brokeback Mountain"". Corriere della Sera. Italy. December 9, 2008. Retrieved November 24, 2009.
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Further reading[edit]
Proulx, Annie (1997, 1999, 2006). Close Range: Wyoming Stories.
Proulx, Annie; McMurtry, Larry; Ossana, Diana (2005, 2006). Brokeback Mountain: Story to Screenplay. London, New York, Toronto and Sydney: Harper Perennial. ISBN 978-0-00-723430-1.
Packard, Chris (2006) Queer Cowboys: And Other Erotic Male Friendships in Nineteenth-Century American Literature. New York: Palgrave Macmillan. ISBN 1-4039-7597-3.
Cante, Richard C. (March 2008). "Introduction"; "Chapter 3". Gay Men and the Forms of Contemporary US Culture. London: Ashgate Publishing. ISBN 0-7546-7230-1.
External links[edit]
 Wikiquote has quotations related to: Brokeback Mountain
Official website
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