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Cassie Bernall

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Cassie René Bernall (November 6, 1981 - April 20, 1999) was a student killed in the Columbine High School massacre, at age 17.
Initial reports suggested that Eric Harris asked if Bernall believed in God moments before she was fatally shot. She was reported to have answered "Yes".[1] This story led to Bernall being presented as a martyr by some Christians, and served as the inspiration for several songs, including Michael W. Smith's "This Is Your Time"[2] and Flyleaf's "Cassie."[3]
In the months following Bernall's death, her mother, Misty Bernall, released the book She Said Yes: The Unlikely Martyrdom of Cassie Bernall. In this book Misty describes her daughter's turbulent teenage life, spiritual conversion and martyrdom.
Most examinations of witness testimony state that Bernall was not asked anything before she was shot.[4][5][6][7] According to witness Emily Wyant, who was hiding under the same table as Bernall, Eric Harris said "peek-a-boo" before shooting Cassie, while Cassie continued to pray silently.[7]
It has been documented that a similar exchange took place between Klebold and Valeen Schnurr, another student who was wounded in the library that day. Some have speculated that this exchange was mistakenly attributed to Bernall.[4][5] Richard Castaldo was also quoted in the press as attributing a similar exchange to Rachel Scott just before she was shot, but Castaldo subsequently denied that Rachel had had a similar exchange with her killer. He also denied saying anything suggesting such a conversation.
References[edit]
1.Jump up ^ Cullen, Dave (1999-05-15). "I Smell the Presence of Satan". Salon.com. Retrieved 2010-10-03.
2.Jump up ^ McCall, Michael (1999-11-29). "Songs of Experience: Christian singer looks at life's troubles and offers inspired work". Nashville Scene. Weekly Wire. Retrieved 2007-03-20.
3.Jump up ^ Portell, Paul (2005-02-01). "Flyleaf, Flyleaf EP Review". Jesus Freak Hideout. Retrieved 2007-03-20.
4.^ Jump up to: a b Watson, Justin (2002). The martyrs of Columbine. Palgrave Macmillan. pp. 117–128. ISBN 978-0-312-23957-2.
5.^ Jump up to: a b Luzadder, Dan; Kevin Vaughan (1999-12-14). "Biggest question of all". Rocky Mountain News (Denver, Colorado: The E.W. Scripps Co.). Retrieved 2010-10-03.
6.Jump up ^ Toppo, Greg; Marilyn Elias (2009-04-13). "10 years later, the real story behind Columbine". USA Today (Gannett Co. Inc.). Retrieved 2010-10-03.
7.^ Jump up to: a b Cullen, Dave (1999-09-30). "Who said "Yes"?". Salon.com. Retrieved 2010-10-03.
External links[edit]

Portal icon Colorado portal
Portal icon Biography portal
Portal icon Christianity portal
cassierenebernall.org, a website established by Bernall's family
Official website for She Said Yes (Archive)
Cassie Bernall at Find a Grave

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Categories: 1981 births
Mass murder victims
1999 deaths
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Murdered students
Murdered American children
Columbine High School massacre
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Rachel's Tears: The Spiritual Journey of Columbine Martyr Rachel Scott

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Rachel's Tears: The Spiritual Journey of Columbine Martyr Rachel Scott
Rachel's Tears cover.jpg
Author
Darrell Scott, Beth Nimmo, Steve Rabey
Language
English
Publisher
Thomas Nelson Publishers
Publication date
April 20, 2000
Pages
181
ISBN
978-0-7852-6848-2
Rachel's Tears: The Spiritual Journey of Columbine Martyr Rachel Scott is a non-fiction book about Rachel Scott, one of the victims of the Columbine High School massacre.
Written by her parents, including her journal entries, it is part of a nation-wide school outreach program and ministry. They present Rachel as being killed for her Christian affirmation.[1][2]

Contents
  [hide] 1 History
2 Reception
3 Bibliography
4 References
5 Further reading
6 External links
History[edit]
Darrell Scott traveled around the United States to promote the book. Scott said that, during his travels he heard many stories about school death threats and that this compelled him to spread the message of his daughter. Scott said the number was "by far, more than are reported in the media".[3]
Reception[edit]
Caitlin M. Foyt of Central Michigan Life said that as a sixth grader, when she read the book, she "believed in it. She believed in herself and in her faith and I believed in her story."[4] After the publication of a USA Today article titled "10 years later, the real story behind Columbine" which stated that the events did not happen, Foyt said "The fact that it’s not true makes me feel cheated and lied to. Misinterpretation of the truth on any scale has consequences, even 10 years down the road."[4]
Bibliography[edit]
Darrell Scott, Beth Nimmo, Steve Rabey, Rachel's Tears: The Spiritual Journey of Columbine Martyr Rachel Scott, Thomas Nelson Publishers, 2000, ISBN 978-0-7852-6848-2
References[edit]
1.Jump up ^ Jonneke Bekkenkamp (2003). Yvonne Sherwood, ed. Sanctified aggression: legacies of biblical and post biblical vocabularies of violence. Continuum International Publishing Group. ISBN 978-0-567-08070-7.
2.Jump up ^ Amy-Jill Levine, Maria Mayo Robbins, ed. (2006). "Buying the Stairway to Heaven". A feminist companion to the New Testament Apocrypha. Continuum International Publishing Group. ISBN 978-0-8264-6688-4.
3.Jump up ^ Herbert, Rosemary. "Books; Chain letters; Father of Columbine victim spreads his late daughter's message of kindness." The Boston Herald. April 20, 2001. Arts & Lifestyle 040. Retrieved on November 2, 2012.
4.^ Jump up to: a b Foyt, Caitlin M. "Columbine Conspiracy." Central Michigan Life. April 15, 2009. Retrieved on November 2, 2012.
Further reading[edit]
"Columbine dad to speak to teachers." Plainview Daily Herald. August 12, 2004.
"Making a difference Father of Columbine massacre victim Rachel Scott spreads message of love, hope." Herald & Review. February 22, 2003. B1.
External links[edit]
Rachel's Tears: The Spiritual Journey of Columbine Martyr Rachel Scott Reviews
Customer Reviews for Thomas Nelson Rachel's Tears
Quotes from Rachel Scott's diary
Columbine victim tribute site, contains information about Rachel Scott
Website dedicated to Rachel Scott, contains photographs, music and messages from Rachel's family
 

Categories: American biographies
Thomas Nelson (publisher) books
2000 books



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Rachel's Challenge

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Rachel's Challenge is a non-profit, non-religious, non-political organization. It is led by Darrell Scott and his wife Sandy.[1][2][3][4]

Contents
  [hide] 1 Origin
2 Mission
3 Darrell Scott
4 Craig Scott
5 Updates
6 References
7 External links
Origin[edit]
Rachel Scott was among the students killed during the Columbine High School shooting in 1999.[5] Darrell Scott, Rachel's father, established Rachel's Challenge to perpetuate his daughter's example and the two-page "Code of Ethics" she wrote a month before her death at the hands of Eric Harris and Dylan Klebold.[6]
Mission[edit]
The organization's mission statement is to "motivate, educate and bring positive change to many young people". The Rachel’s Challenge presentations are given in schools and communities by members of her family and other speakers, using video footage of the Columbine High School massacre and its aftermath, combined with Rachel Scott’s drawings and writings, in a campaign to quell school violence, bullying, and teen suicide. As of 2009, Rachel's Challenge has developed a team of 30 speakers addressing young people in schools and colleges worldwide about Rachel's example.[6] The Rachel's Challenge program includes establishing Friends of Rachel clubs in schools, following the initial presentation, to sustain the campaign's goals on a long-term basis.[7] Schools around the country have incorporated Rachel's challenge into their own clubs bringing the message to their students.
Darrell Scott[edit]
Darrell Scott has co-authored three books about his daughter's life and her impact, urging students to practice compassion and kindness. Newsweek reported that he and the organization have "reached out to thousands of schools to deliver a 'chain reaction' of hope through school assemblies, workshops and outreach programs."[8] Scott told Newsweek, "...principals and teachers always need to be on the lookout for that kid who's isolated, or that's quiet, who always stays to himself, because that's typically the type of kid who ends up exploding. They also need to create an atmosphere in the school where students share with someone if they ever hear or see a threat. We know there have been numerous school shootings prevented because a student saw another student writing that he wanted to kill someone or something like that. I think that taking every single threat of any kind seriously is of utmost importance, and again to me it's cultivating an atmosphere, a climate and a culture where everyone's accepted. Because when people feel accepted they're not going to do something like Eric and Dylan [the Columbine perpetrators] did."
Craig Scott[edit]
Rachel Scott’s younger brother Craig, a 16-year old Columbine High School sophomore at the time of the shootings, was physically unharmed but witnessed several classmates being killed in the school library as he huddled under a table with two friends, Isaiah Shoels and Matthew Kechter. The next day, he was interviewed at length by Katie Couric on the Today show. The tearful interview, which NBC did not interrupt with normally scheduled station breaks, was described a year later by USA Today as "one of the most indelible moments of the tragedy".[9] Craig wrote of his sister Rachel, "...her love for people was less conditional than anyone I knew... It didn't matter to her what you looked like or who your friends were. Another thing I liked and respected so much was that she made it clear... what her beliefs were".[10]
Craig continues to make frequent speaking appearances on behalf of Rachel's Challenge, urging teens to strive for a classroom "atmosphere of kindness and compassion" to stem school violence.[11] He is also periodically interviewed on various television programs, such as 20/20, Dateline NBC, and the Today show, to discuss the loss of his sister and his difficult recovery from the traumatic ordeal he experienced as an eyewitness to the murderous rampage.[12]
Updates[edit]

 

 Craig Scott with then-United States President George W. Bush at a White House meeting on October 10, 2006
At the White House Conference on School Safety held in Washington, DC, on October 10, 2006, Craig Scott addressed the President of the United States, the U.S. Attorney General, and the Secretary of Education, saying, in part, "Kindness and compassion can be the biggest antidotes to anger and hatred, and I believe the biggest antidotes to violence. We've seen bullying stopped, incidents where a student came up with hit lists or plans to shoot up his school, and told either the speaker or told the teacher about their plans, but had a change of heart. How have we done it? We've done it with a simple story of a young girl who believed in compassion, Rachel Joy Scott. But my sister is not the only one who believes in kindness, and she's not been the only one in her brave stance against the injustice willing to stand up for the one who gets put down in school, to sit by the student that sits all alone at lunch, and to talk to or reach out to the one who is consistently ignored or made fun of. She literally has inspired millions of people to continue the chain reaction she started...".[13]
In the aftermath of the April 16, 2007, Virginia Tech massacre, Darrell and Craig Scott were interviewed on various television programs, such as Showbiz Tonight, The Oprah Winfrey Show, Fox & Friends, and Geraldo at Large, to share their thoughts about school violence and to remember Rachel Scott near the eighth anniversary of the Columbine tragedy. Craig Scott urged viewers on The Oprah Winfrey Show two days later to refrain from too much focus on the shooter, saying "I have found students that actually idolize the two shooters at Columbine... We've focused on my sister, who's so compassionate and kind. And from that, that's the opposite of that anger and hatred."[11]
On April 20, 2009, the tenth anniversary of the Columbine shootings, Darrell Scott told NBC interviewer Natalie Morales on the Today show, "We've seen a lot of lives changed from her story and our program, Rachel's Challenge, has touched literally 13 million lives over the last ten years".[6] He said that from September 2008 to April 2009, his organization received 105 emails from teens dissuaded from suicide because of attending a Rachel's Challenge program.[6] In a separate interview aired the same day, Craig Scott told Morales that, "I meet a lot of hurting students out there and I share with them my hurtful story, but I'm not just carrying a sob story around ... I'm trying to share with them some of the things that I learned to get through it and to be a better person because of it".[14] As of 2008, Craig Scott has spoken to more than one million people in making appearances for Rachel's Challenge, while pursuing a career in filmmaking.[15] He hopes to produce inspirational films and is on the board of directors of the American Screenwriters Association.[15]
References[edit]
1.Jump up ^ Gwynne, S. C. (20 Dec,1999). "An Act of God?". Time. Retrieved 05 May,2005.
2.Jump up ^ "Preserving A Daughter's Spirit". CBS News. 2000-04-20. Retrieved June,2008.
3.Jump up ^ Rachel's Tears, p. 181.
4.Jump up ^ Reilly, Rick (February/March 2000). "The Big Hero of Littleton". Rachel's Journal I (3): 17, 24.}
5.Jump up ^ "Preserving A Daughter's Spirit". CBS News. 20 April, 2000. Retrieved 2 March, 2012.
6.^ Jump up to: a b c d "Father remembers Columbine victim" (video). Today show. NBC. 20 April, 2009. Retrieved 20 April,2009.
7.Jump up ^ Friends of Rachel program, 2008
8.Jump up ^ Bennett, Jessica. "Celebrate Their Lives", Newsweek, 4 October 2006.
9.Jump up ^ O'Driscoll, Patrick; Kenworthy, Tom (19 April 2000). "A 'rough year' for victim's brother". USA Today.
10.Jump up ^ Rachel's Tears, p. 136.
11.^ Jump up to: a b "A Columbine Survivor Urges the Virginia Tech Community to Stay Positive", The Oprah Winfrey Show, April 18, 2007.
12.Jump up ^ Scott, Darrell. "VCY Rally". WVCY-TV. Retrieved 15 April 2011.
13.Jump up ^ News release, Conference on School Safety, White House, 10 October 2006.
14.Jump up ^ "Columbine changed me" (video). Today. NBC. April 20, 2009. Retrieved 2009-04-20.
15.^ Jump up to: a b "Board of Directors". The American Screenwriters Association. 2008. Retrieved 2009-04-22.
External links[edit]
Official website
 

Categories: Non-profit organizations based in the United States

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Rachel Scott

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Rachel Joy Scott
Rachel Joy Scott.jpg
Rachel Joy Scott
 
Born
Rachel Joy Scott
August 5, 1981
Denver, Colorado, United States
Died
April 20, 1999 (aged 17)
Columbine High School
Columbine, Colorado, United States
Cause of death
Gunshots by Eric Harris
Resting place
Columbine Memorial Gardens at Chapel Hill Cemetery, Littleton, Colorado
39°35′56.00″N 104°56′43.01″WCoordinates: 39°35′56.00″N 104°56′43.01″W
Nationality
American
Citizenship
United States
Education
Columbine High School
Occupation
Student
Known for
murder victim
Religion
Christian
Parents
Beth Nimmo and Darrell Scott (b. 1949)
Relatives
Dana Scott (b. 1976), sister
 Mike Scott (b. 1984), brother
 Craig Scott (b. 1983), brother
 Bethanee McCandless (b. 1975), sister
Website
www.racheljoyscott.com
Rachel Joy Scott (August 5, 1981 – April 20, 1999) was a 17 year old American student who was the first murder victim of the Columbine High School massacre, which claimed the lives of 12 students and a teacher, as well as both perpetrators.
She has since been the subject of several books and is the inspiration for Rachel's Challenge, a nationwide school outreach program for the prevention of teen violence, based on her life and writings.

Contents
  [hide] 1 Background
2 Death
3 Funeral
4 Awards
5 See also
6 References
7 Further reading
8 External links
Background[edit]
Rachel Joy Scott was born on August 5, 1981, in Denver, the third of five children of Darrell Scott (1949 – ) and Beth Nimmo. Her older sisters are Bethanee (1975 – ) and Dana (1976 – ) and her two younger brothers are Craig (1983 – ) and Mike (1984 – ). Her father had formerly pastored a church in Lakewood, Colorado, but resigned from the ministry when the marriage ended in divorce in 1989.[1] The following year, Beth and the children moved to Littleton, Colorado, where she remarried in 1995.[1] Darrell Scott became a sales manager for a food company in the Denver area and had joint custody of the children with their mother.[2][3] As a child, Rachel attended Governor's Ranch Elementary School, and subsequently Ken Caryl Middle School. Coincidentally, she knew Dylan Klebold since kindergarten, and both remained in the same classes with each other until their deaths. Both were members of Columbine's theater production club.[4]
At the time of her death, the 17-year old Columbine High School junior was an aspiring writer and actress. She had the leading role in a student-written play. Described as a devout Christian by her mother, she was active as a youth group leader at Orchard Road Christian Center Church in Littleton and was known for her friendliness and compassionate nature. Rachel left behind six diaries and several essays about her belief in God and how she wanted to change the world through small acts of kindness.[5] Shortly before her death, Rachel wrote an essay for school stating, “I have this theory that if one person can go out of their way to show compassion then it will start a chain reaction of the same.”[6] Similarities have been noted between the journal Rachel kept and Anne Frank's famous diary.[7]
Death[edit]
See also: Columbine High School massacre
Rachel was shot while eating lunch with a friend, Richard Castaldo, on the lawn outside of the school's library. She was killed by Eric Harris with multiple gunshot wounds to her head, chest, arm, and leg. After the killings, her car was turned into a flower-shrouded memorial in the adjacent Clement Park after being moved from the school's parking lot by grieving students. A long chain link fence was installed for mourners to attach teddy bears, letters and other gifts. Her younger brother, Craig, was also at the school on the day of the shootout. He was in the library where most of the killings occurred and he survived unharmed.
Funeral[edit]
Rachel Scott's funeral on April 24, 1999, was attended by more than 2,000 people and was televised throughout the nation. It was the most watched event on CNN up to that point, surpassing even the funeral of Diana, Princess of Wales.[8][9] Roger Rosenblatt of Time magazine wrote in his commentary that her funeral was "... ineradicable because of the photograph of your bright and witty face, now sadly familiar to the country, and because of the loving and admiring testimonies of your family."[10]
Awards[edit]
Rachel Joy Scott was posthumously awarded the 2001 National Kindness Award for Student of the Year by the Acts of Kindness Association. In 2006, the National Education Association (NEA) of New York awarded Darrell Scott and Rachel’s Challenge the Friend of Education Award.
In June, 2009, Darrell Scott was selected in a nationwide vote of more than 750,000 baseball fans as the Colorado Rockies "All-Stars Among Us" winner, based on individual public service for his efforts in starting the Rachel's Challenge campaign.[11] He was honored along with the other 29 winners representing all major league baseball teams as part of the pregame ceremonies at the 2009 Major League Baseball All-Star Game in St. Louis, Missouri, on July 14, 2009.[11][12]
See also[edit]

Portal icon Colorado portal
Portal icon Biography portal
Rachel's Challenge
Rachel's Tears: The Spiritual Journey of Columbine Martyr Rachel Scott


References[edit]
1.^ Jump up to: a b Beth Nimmo and Darrell Scott (2000). Rachel's Tears—The Spiritual Journey of Columbine Martyr Rachel Scott. Nashville, Tenn.: Thomas Nelson Publishers. pp. 57, 61, 173. ISBN 0-7852-6848-0.
2.Jump up ^ Rachel's Tears, p. 32.
3.Jump up ^ S.C. Gwynne (1999-12-20). "An Act of God?". Time magazine. Retrieved 2009-05-05.
4.Jump up ^ "Rachel Joy Scott". Acolumbinesite.com. 1981-08-05. Retrieved 2012-12-10.
5.Jump up ^ "Preserving A Daughter's Spirit". CBS News. 2000-04-20. Retrieved 2008-06-02.
6.Jump up ^ Scott, Rachel (1999). "My Ethics, My Codes of Life". Rachel's Challenge. Retrieved 2009-05-05.[dead link]
7.Jump up ^ "Anne Frank, Rachel Scott: Two teens connected by terror".
8.Jump up ^ A Columbine Site
9.Jump up ^ "17-year-old girl 'shined for God at all times'", Rocky Mountain News
10.Jump up ^ Rosenblatt, Roger (May 10, 1999). "A Note for Rachel Scott". Time. Retrieved 2009-04-15.
11.^ Jump up to: a b Singer, Tim (June 29, 2009). "Scott is Rockies' All-Star Among Us". mlb.com. Retrieved 2009-07-14.
12.Jump up ^ Newman, Mark (July 14, 2009). "Obama kicks off historic night in St. Louis". mlb.com. Retrieved 2009-07-15.
Further reading[edit]
Beth Nimmo, The Journals of Rachel Joy Scott: A Journey of Faith at Columbine High. 2001 (ISBN 0-8499-7594-8).
Darrell Scott, Chain Reaction: A Call To Compassionate Revolution. Nashville, TN: Thomas Nelson, 2001 (ISBN 0-7852-6680-1).
Darrell Scott, Rachel Smiles : The Spiritual Legacy of Columbine Martyr Rachel Scott. 2002 (ISBN 0-7852-6472-8).
Vision Video, Untold Stories Of Columbine. 2000 (ISBN 1-56364-365-0). Recounts Rachel Scott's life and Darrell Scott's teaching
External links[edit]
Rachel's Challenge (official website)
RachelJoyScott.com, (official website of Rachel Joy Scott Ministries and Memorial Fund, by Beth Nimmo, mother of Rachel Scott)
Transcript of Darrell Scott's testimony, Subcommittee on Crime, U.S. House of Representatives Judiciary Committee, May 27, 1999.
Darrell Scott Presentation, WVCY-TV broadcast, December 11, 1999
Columbine victims -Rachel Joy Scott
"Columbine redemption - Rachel Scott" website

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Chatfield Senior High School

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For the similarly named school in Minnesota, see Chatfield High School.

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 This article does not cite any references or sources. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. (June 2012) 

Chatfield Senior High School

Location
7227 South Simms Street, Littleton, Colorado
United States
Coordinates
39.587°N 105.132°WCoordinates: 39.587°N 105.132°W
Information

Type
Public Secondary
Motto
Charger Pride, It's What's Inside
Established
1985
School district
Jefferson County Public Schools
Principal
Wendy Rubin
Grades
9 to 12
Enrollment
Open
Color(s)
Maroon, Silver, White, Black                 
Mascot
Chargers
Superintendent
Dr. Cindy Stevenson
Rivaling school
Columbine High School
Websitehttp://jeffcoweb.jeffco.k12.co.us/high/chatfield/
Chatfield Senior High School is a high school located in an unincorporated area of Jefferson County near Littleton, Colorado. It is part of the Jefferson County Public Schools system.

Contents
  [hide] 1 History
2 Athletics
3 Notable features
4 Notable alumni
5 References
6 External links
History[edit]
Chatfield Senior High School opened in the fall of 1985; there was no senior class its first year. The school's first graduating class was the Class of 1987. During reconstruction on Columbine High School and after the Columbine High School massacre, students from Columbine High School attended classes at Chatfield.
Athletics[edit]
Chatfield has produced well-known athletes such as LenDale White, Ryan Vena, Robbie McEwen and Zac Robinson. Chatfield's football team in 2001, led by Coach Dave Logan, defensive tackle Robbie McEwen, QB Ryan Bucher and running back LenDale White, won the state championship. In 2001 Chatfield's football team went undefeated and was nationally ranked.
Chatfield's athletic rival is Columbine High School.[citation needed]
Notable features[edit]
Chatfield's marching band is among the top in state each year, having placed 4th in 2000, 7th in 2005, 10th in 2006, 6th in 2007, 7th in 2008, 9th in 2009, and 9th in 2012. Chatfield's pom squad also took 1st in league for the 2006-2007 year as well as 3rd at the NDA nationals in Florida. In 2009 the Lady Chargers Varsity soccer team took state. In 2010 Chatfield student athletes beat rival school Columbine in every Varsity sport.
Notable alumni[edit]
Ryan Vena, football player
Katie Hnida, football player
Zac Robinson - football player
LenDale White - football player
References[edit]

External links[edit]
Official website
 

Categories: Public high schools in Colorado
Columbine High School massacre
Educational institutions established in 1985
Jefferson County Public Schools (Colorado)
Littleton, Colorado
Schools in Jefferson County, Colorado




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Bill White (neo-Nazi)

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For other people of the same name, see Bill White (disambiguation).

Bill White

Born
May 29, 1977 (age 36)
Rockville, Maryland, United States
Occupation
Landlord
William Alexander "Bill" White (born May 29, 1977) is the leader of the American National Socialist Workers' Party, and former administrator of Overthrow.com, a now-defunct website dedicated to anti-communist thought, and far-right interpretations of anti-Zionist and anti-capitalist speech.
White came to public attention in 1996 in a front page article in The Washington Post after he posted allegations about the stepmother of a girl he said was being abused.[1] In 1999 he expressed support for Eric Harris and Dylan Klebold, killers of twelve students and a teacher in the Columbine High School massacre, because according to White, they were being oppressed by the United States education system.[2] In 2005, The New York Times quoted White as having "laughed" when United States district court judge Joan Lefkow's husband and mother were murdered[3] because Lefkow had ruled against white supremacist Matthew Hale in a trademark dispute. He told The Roanoke Times that he looked forward to "further killings of Jews and their sympathizers."[4] White is skeptical of the Holocaust, saying "claims that ... the gas chambers were part of a 'Holocaust' of 'six million,' were invented almost entirely by the Soviet Union, and were later adopted by the Jewish communities of the Western nations."[5] The Anti-Defamation League quotes White saying "there was no Holocaust" and describes what they call "White's Holocaust denial rhetoric".[6]
In 2008, White was arrested for alleged threats to a federal juror. On December 18, 2009, White was found guilty on four counts, one of which was later dismissed by the judge. In 2010 the ACLU filed a brief asking the court to reverse White's convictions on those three charges. A federal district court overturned the convictions on First Amendment grounds and White was released in April 2011. In 2012, the prosecution appealed the decision and White fled the country, violating his supervised release, and was arrested in Mexico.

Contents
  [hide] 1 Background
2 Columbine High School massacre
3 Ideological shifts
4 Business interests
5 Intimidation and activism 5.1 Access to White's websites in Canada
5.2 Jena Six
5.3 Roanoke, Virginia attack
6 Federal trial and conviction
7 References
8 External links
Background[edit]
White was raised in the Horizon Hill neighborhood of Rockville, Maryland. According to an April 1999 interview with The Washington Times, he began to drift toward anarchism after reading The Communist Manifesto at 13. He attended Walt Whitman High School in Bethesda, Maryland, where he founded the Utopian Anarchist Party (UAP) and published a magazine that focused on opposition to the education system, psychiatry, and law enforcement.[7]
White graduated from Walt Whitman High School in June 1994. He became a psychology major at the University of Maryland, College Park where, in 1995, he started another political group called the Bill White Student Group, a continuation of the UAP. He founded Overthrow.com as the group's website where he published material from a wide range of political viewpoints, including communism, anarchism, and fascism.[8] In 1995, White faced criminal charges of possessing deadly weapons, a knife and a club, distributing obscene material, and attempting to escape from police custody, arising out of the distribution of political leaflets. Montgomery County declined to prosecute the case.[citation needed] In 1997, White served seven months in the Montgomery County Detention Center on weapons, assault and resisting arrest charges.[9]
On February 14, 1996, White was featured in a front page story in The Washington Post after posting on Internet news groups the name and telephone number of a woman he believed was abusing her daughter. The supposed victim had allegedly told a university counseling group that her parents would not allow her to use the telephone or see friends; someone from the group spread the story, and White posted it, asking readers to telephone the mother and "tell her you are disgusted and you demand that she stops." The Post reported that the mother and stepfather were near breaking point after receiving threatening telephone calls.[1]
Columbine High School massacre[edit]
On April 20, 1999, Eric Harris and Dylan Klebold, seniors at Columbine High School near Littleton, Colorado, killed twelve students and one teacher before committing suicide. White's website claimed that "schools and juvenile psychiatric centers [that]...prescribe anti-depressants are evil and should be destroyed," and it gave a list of "Music to Shoot Your School Up By." The report continued that "[t]here are so many parallels between the Web site's message and the April 20 massacre in Columbine High School in Littleton, Colorado, that some police hate-crime experts say privately it is not inconceivable that the two teen-age gunmen in that case visited the site."[2] FBI officials claimed there was no indication that the website had any connection to the shooting.
White told Reuters that "the reason [Columbine victims] got killed is that they are part of an authoritarian social movement and were seen by the killers as symbolic of that movement ... What the shooters were shooting at was not people but the movements they symbolized. It's a shame that authoritarian Christians, who are trying to dominate our society, don't have a clue how objectionable they are until people start shooting them." He said he would neither confirm nor deny that what he called a "Colorado cell" of his Utopian Anarchist Party had been in contact with the teenagers before the shooting.[2]
White later clarified his position on Columbine in an interview with Jack Ross for Pravda Online:

People were predictably outraged, and let me be clear that I sympathize with what they did — I don't support it or think it was necessarily the "right" thing to do. What I said was that the public school system is actively involved in hurting youth, that it is psychologically destructive to them, and that the necessary effect of the evil violence the public schools do on a massive scale is evil violence directed back at them and the people and institutions which symbolize them.[10]
Ideological shifts[edit]
Though most noted for his support of fascist movements, White has proclaimed multiple intense and conflicting political shifts across the political spectrum, ranging from communism to conservatism.
From 1997 to 1998, White claimed involvement with the Maoist[11] Revolutionary Communist Party's Refuse and Resist, Coalition against Police Brutality, and the Trotskyist[12] International Socialist Organization (ISO). White worked as a columnist for the Russian website Pravda Online, which took its name from the now-defunct newspaper of the Soviet Communist Party.[13] In 2000, White joined Ross Perot's Reform Party and the campaign to elect Pat Buchanan, then running for President of the United States on a Reform Party ticket. White later told American Free Press that he resigned from the Buchanan campaign after a few months out of concern for what he called the campaign's "dishonest practices."
Business interests[edit]
He set up an eBay clone called "ShopWhite" with the aim of capturing the White Power music and paraphernalia market, but the venture failed after security and administrative problems.[14]
In late 2003, White moved to Roanoke, Virginia, where he began trading as White Homes and Land LLC. According to The Roanoke Times and the Southern Poverty Law Center, White has owned nine single and multi-family properties in an impoverished black neighborhood in South West Roanoke since April 2004.[15]
White told the Roanoke Times that he is not a racist or Nazi, describing himself as a "libertarian socialist."[4] He admitted to being an antisemite: "I wouldn't be out here buying and fixing up houses if I had some agenda against the black community...The Jews, I despise. They hate me. I hate them." He acknowledged calling some Roanoke residents "local nig-rats" and accused them of "conspiring to test me."[16]
Intimidation and activism[edit]
On October 15, 2005, White helped the National Socialist Movement organize a march and rally in Toledo, Ohio.[17] The march was canceled by police when the NSM and around 20 supporters were outnumbered by several hundred anti-racists and members of the largely African-American neighborhood in which the rally was to take place. White, the NSM's Dayton leader Mark Martin, and the rest of their supporters taunted the crowd with racial epithets. Some counter-protesters became violent and began rioting. More than 100 people were arrested.[18][19] In 2005, he also attended a small rally in Yorktown, Virginia.[20] He served as a spokesman for a 2006 neo-Nazi march at the capitol in Lansing, Michigan.[21]
In July 2006, White was removed from the NSM and formed the internet-based American National Socialist Workers' Party. On April 19, 2007, two of the ANSWP's fifteen members were arrested when they unveiled a swastika flag during a speech by President George W. Bush in Tipp City, Ohio.[22] On May 23, 2007, White mailed letters and copies of National Socialist, the ANSWP magazine, to the residents of an apartment complex in Virginia Beach, Virginia where tenants had complained about discriminatory behavior by their landlord.[23][24]
Access to White's websites in Canada[edit]
In 2006, Canadian human rights lawyer Richard Warman and the Canadian Jewish Congress asked the Canadian Radio-television and Telecommunications Commission, Canada's telecommunications regulator, to block access in Canada to White's websites. Warman claimed the websites contained material intended to incite violence against him that caused him to fear for his life.[25]
Jena Six[edit]
On September 22, 2007, the FBI opened an investigation of Overthrow.com because it listed the addresses of five of the Jena Six and the telephone numbers of family members "in case anyone wants to deliver justice." According to an FBI spokeswoman, the website "essentially called for their lynching."[26] Black activist Al Sharpton claimed that some of the families have continuously received threatening and harassing phone calls.[26]
Roanoke, Virginia attack[edit]
In October 2007, White was attacked by Aries Brown and Lattoria Minnis, two African-Americans whose claims that White had assaulted them were dismissed by a judge.[27][28] During the trial, White testified that he choked Brown unconscious during the incident.[29] He later published an essay, "Transcendence and the Killing of the Wicked," describing the experience.[30]
Federal trial and conviction[edit]
On October 17, 2008, White was arrested in Roanoke, Virginia by the FBI. The arrest stemmed from an alleged threat White made against a federal juror involved in the 2004 Matthew F. Hale case and posting the juror's personal information online. White was held without bond.[31][32][33][34] Other counts against White, filed December 11, 2008, included alleged threats he made against poor black tenants suing their landlords, and threats against others, including Warman, columnist Leonard Pitts, former South Harrison Township, New Jersey mayor Charles Tyson, and a university administrator from Delaware.[35][36][37]
In July 2009, one count of inciting violence was dismissed by the judge.[38] The trial on the seven remaining charges began on December 9, 2009.[39] On December 18, the jury found White guilty on four counts and not guilty on three counts.[40]
On February 8, 2010, a Federal judge dismissed White's conviction of threatening Warman. On April 14, 2010 White was sentenced to 30 months imprisonment. Judge James Turk said he rarely sentences defendants on the high side of guidelines, but did so because of the fear White instilled in many of his victims.[41]
The conviction for threatening a federal juror was reversed as violating the First Amendment, and White was released in April 2011.[42][43] The prosecutor appealed the ruling.
On March 1, 2012, a federal appeals court threw out the 30-month sentence White received for making threats and set a new sentencing date for enhanced sentencing because at least one of the victims was a child.[44] Also in March, White was charged and found guilty in General District Court of littering for throwing fliers out of his car.[45] On May 14, White failed to appear at the sentencing hearing and left a note at his apartment that he will not be returning, violating his supervised release.[45] He claimed online he was moving to Iran.[45]
On June 8, White was arrested by Mexican authorities in Playa del Carmen, Mexico.[46][47]
References[edit]
1.^ Jump up to: a b Shields, Todd & Bowles, Scott. "Over the Line On-Line: Family Put Under Siege", The Washington Post, February 14, 1996.
2.^ Jump up to: a b c Tippet, Sarah. "Web Site Asks Youths To Carry Weapons, Build Bombs", Reuters, May 3, 1999 (now a deadlink).
3.Jump up ^ Wilgoren, Jodi et al. "Shadowed by Threats, Judge Finds New Horror", New York Times, March 2, 2005.
4.^ Jump up to: a b Cramer, John. "White supremacist comments on case" The Roanoke Times, March 3, 2005.
5.Jump up ^ White, Bill. "The Argument against the Holocaust", Overthrow.com, April 3, 2005.
6.Jump up ^ "Extremist Response to the Virginia Tech Shootings". Anti-Defamation League. 2007-04-20. Retrieved 2008-12-25.
7.Jump up ^ McCain, Robert Stacy (1999-04-30). "Anarchist Web site salutes 2 killers". Washington Times. pp. A.10. ISSN 07328494. |accessdate= requires |url= (help)
8.Jump up ^ Russia Contemplates Sports Agreement With Iran - English pravda.ru
9.Jump up ^ 'I am just so tired of this Semitism'
10.Jump up ^ "Interview With Pravda.ru's Bill White", Pravda online, January 10, 2002.
11.Jump up ^ 'Power and the Idealists' By PAUL BERMAN, New York Times Published: November 27, 2005
12.Jump up ^ Angry Exchanges, To and Fro, at Rally By ANTHONY RAMIREZ , New York Times Published: June 4, 2006
13.Jump up ^ The New York Times April 27, 2007, A Statue's Place Revives Post-Soviet Tensions by MIKE NIZZA
14.Jump up ^ "Some additional responses", Overthrow.com, July 2, 2005.
15.Jump up ^ SPLCenter.org: Bigots in Business
16.Jump up ^ "Landlord denies allegations of sinister agenda" by Mike Hudson, Roanoke Times, July 9, 2004
17.Jump up ^ Article on December Toledo nazi rally
18.Jump up ^ "Wireless".[dead link]
19.Jump up ^ Hatewatch | Southern Poverty Law Center
20.Jump up ^ Neo-Nazis outnumbered at historic site, CNN, June 25, 2005
21.Jump up ^ Hundreds protest rally by neo-Nazis, LSJ.com Apr 23, 2006
22.Jump up ^ Gettys, Travis. "Neo-Nazis Arrested At Bush Speech In Ohio", wlwt.com, April 19, 2007.
23.Jump up ^ White-supremacy group sends hate mail to Beach complex | LOCAL NEWS | WVEC.com | News for Hampton Roads, Virginia
24.Jump up ^ Beach apartment residents receive mass hate mailing | HamptonRoads.com | PilotOnline.com
25.Jump up ^ Sullivan, Sean Patrick. "Ottawa lawyer asks CRTC to block access to US-based hate websites", Canadian Press, August 23, 2006.
26.^ Jump up to: a b Becky Bohrer (2007-09-22). "FBI Probes Anti-Jena 6 Web Page". The Associated Press. Retrieved 2007-09-25.
27.Jump up ^ William White Wins in Court | WSLS 10
28.Jump up ^ White acquitted of assault charges - Roanoke.com
29.Jump up ^ Supremacist acquitted of assault - Roanoke.com
30.Jump up ^ Overthrow.com
31.Jump up ^ Hammack, Laurence (2008-10-18). "Roanoke neo-Nazi jailed on charge of threatening a juror". The Roanoke Times. Retrieved 2008-10-18.
32.Jump up ^ Cramer, John and Jen McCaffery. "White Supremacist Comments on Case." Roanoke Times & World News, 3 March 2005.
33.Jump up ^ Ahearn, Lorraine. "Neo-Nazi Site Posts Addresses of Truth Panelists." Greensboro News & Record, 3 July 2005.
34.Jump up ^ "The 'N-Word,' and Other Readers' Letters," Philadelphia Daily News, 10 Aug. 2005.
35.Jump up ^ How Two Canadians Helped Nab America's Top Neo-Nazi by Colin Freeze, the Globe and Mail, December 12, 2008.
36.Jump up ^ U.S. Department of Justice Press Release, 12/11/08
37.Jump up ^ "Neo-Nazi White's trial begins today".
38.Jump up ^ Hammack, Laurence (July 26, 2009). "White's life on fringe puts him at center of storm: The Roanoke neo-Nazi's ideological leanings were foreshadowed by his early feelings of "innate superiority."". The Roanoke Times. Retrieved December 8, 2009.
39.Jump up ^ [1] WSLS News, Dec. 2, 2009
40.Jump up ^ Hammack, Laurence (December 19, 2009). "Jury finds White guilty on 4 counts: A jury found William A. White guilty on charges of making threats, but acquitted him on three other counts". The Roanoke Times. Retrieved December 21, 2009.
41.Jump up ^ Hammack, Laurence (April 14, 2010). "Neo-Nazi Bill White sentenced to 2½ years in prison for hate speech". The Roanoke Times. Retrieved April 25, 2010.
42.Jump up ^ Kravets, David (April 21, 2011). "Neo-Nazi Freed, Online Speech Protected". Wired.org.
43.Jump up ^ Sweeney, Annie (April 20, 2011). "Judge throws out conviction of white supremacist". Chicago Tribune.
44.Jump up ^ Appeal by Bill White may draw more time, The Roanoke Times, March 02, 2012
45.^ Jump up to: a b c Authorities say William A. White is on the lam, The Roanoke Times May 24, 2012
46.Jump up ^ Virginia white supremacist arrested in Mexico Washington Post, Saturday, June 9, 2012
47.Jump up ^ Hammack, Laurence (2012-06-09). "Fugitive William A. White is arrested in Mexico". The Roanoke Times. Retrieved 2008-10-18.
External links[edit]
"Shadowed by Threats, Judge Finds New Horror" by Jodi Wilgoren, David Bernstein, Gretchen Ruethling, Mindy Sink, and David Johnston, New York Times, March 2, 2005
"Jack Ross: Interview with Pravda.ru's Bill White" by Jack Ross, Pravda, January 10, 2002
"Bigots in Business: Neo-Nazi landlord in black Virginia neighborhood", Southern Poverty Law Center, no byline, undated, retrieved June 9, 2005
2008 Southern Poverty Law Center article on White
"School shooter liked to create macabre drawings and stories" by Amy Forliti, Associated Press, March 22, 2005

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Eric Harris and Dylan Klebold

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Eric Harris
Eric Harris.JPG
Senior year picture
 
Background information

Birth name
Eric David Harris
Occupation
Student at Columbine High School and shift manager at Blackjack Pizza
Born
April 9, 1981
Wichita, Kansas, U.S
Died
April 20, 1999 (aged 18)
Columbine, Colorado, U.S
Cause of death
Suicide by gunshot to the roof of the mouth
Parents
Wayne Harris
Katherine Poole
 
Killings

Date
April 20, 1999
 11:19 a.m. – 12:08 p.m.
Location(s)
Columbine High School
Target(s)
Students, teachers, and police
Killed
13 (together with Klebold)
Injured
24 (together with Klebold)
Weapon(s)
Hi-Point 995 Carbine, Savage 67H pump-action shotgun, explosives and two knives
Motive
Multiple factors

Dylan Klebold
Dylan Klebold.JPG
Senior year picture
 
Background information

Birth name
Dylan Bennet Klebold
Occupation
Student at Columbine High School and employee at Blackjack Pizza
Born
September 11, 1981
Lakewood, Colorado, U.S
Died
April 20, 1999 (aged 17)
Columbine, Colorado, U.S
Cause of death
Suicide by gunshot to the left temple
Parents
Thomas Klebold
Susan Yassenoff
 
Killings

Date
April 20, 1999
 11:19 a.m. – 12:08 p.m.
Location(s)
Columbine High School
Target(s)
Students, teachers, and police
Killed
13 (together with Harris)
Injured
24 (together with Harris)
Weapon(s)
Intratec TEC-DC9, Stevens 311D double barreled sawed-off shotgun, explosives and two knives
Motive
Multiple factors
Eric David Harris (April 9, 1981 – April 20, 1999) and Dylan Bennet Klebold (September 11, 1981 – April 20, 1999) were the two American high school seniors who committed the Columbine High School massacre. The pair killed 13 people and injured 24 others, three of whom were injured as they escaped the attack.[1][2] The two then committed suicide in the library, where they had killed 10 of their victims.[3]

Contents
  [hide] 1 Background 1.1 Eric Harris
1.2 Dylan Klebold
1.3 Initial legal encounters
1.4 Hitmen for Hire
2 The massacre 2.1 Day of the massacre
2.2 Suicide
2.3 Acquiring arms
3 Aftermath 3.1 Motivations 3.1.1 Bullying
3.1.2 Harris and Klebold as modern revolutionaries
3.2 Journals and investigation
3.3 Media accounts
3.4 Psychological analysis
3.5 Reaction of Susan Klebold
4 The Harris levels
5 In popular culture
6 See also
7 References
8 Further reading
9 External links
Background
Eric Harris
Eric David Harris was born in Wichita, Kansas. The Harris family relocated often, as Eric's father, Wayne Harris, was a U.S. Air Force transport pilot. His mother, Katherine Ann Poole, was a homemaker. The family moved from Plattsburgh, New York, to Littleton, Colorado, in July 1993, when Wayne Harris retired from military service.[4]
The Harris family lived in rented accommodations for the first three years that they lived in the Littleton area. During this time, Eric met Dylan Klebold. In 1996, the Harris family purchased a house south of Columbine High School. Eric's older brother, Kevin, attended college at the University of Colorado at Boulder.[5][6]
Dylan Klebold
Dylan Bennet Klebold was born in Lakewood, Colorado, to Thomas and Susan Klebold (née Yassenoff).[4] His parents attended a Lutheran church with their children, and Dylan and his older brother, Byron, attended confirmation classes in accordance with Lutheran tradition.[7] At home, the family also observed some rituals in keeping with Klebold's maternal grandfather's Russian heritage.[7][8] Klebold attended Normandy Elementary in Littleton, Colorado for the first two grades before transferring to Governor's Ranch Elementary and became part of the CHIPS ("Challenging High Intellectual Potential Students") program.[9] He found the transition to Ken Caryl Middle School difficult.[4]
At Columbine High, Harris and Klebold were active in school play productions, operated video productions and became computer assistants maintaining the school's computer server.[4]
According to early accounts of the shooting, Harris and Klebold were very unpopular students and targets of bullying. While sources do support accounts of bullying directed toward the pair,[10][11][12] accounts of them being outcasts have been reported to be false.[13][14]
Harris and Klebold were initially reported to be members of a group that called themselves the "Trenchcoat Mafia", although in truth they had no particular connection with the group, and did not appear in a group photo of the Trenchcoat Mafia in the 1998 Columbine yearbook.[15][16] Harris's father stated that his son was "a member of what they call the Trenchcoat Mafia" in a 911 call he made on April 20, 1999.[17] Klebold attended the high school prom three days before the shootings with a classmate named Robyn Anderson.[3]
Harris and Klebold linked their personal computers on a network and both played many games over the Internet. Harris created a set of levels for the game Doom, which later became known as the Harris levels. Harris had a web presence under the handle "REB" (short for Rebel, a nod to the nickname of Columbine's sports teams) and other cyber aliases, including "Rebldomakr", "Rebdoomer", and "Rebdomine", while Klebold went by the names "VoDKa" and "VoDkA". Harris had various websites that hosted Doom and Quake files, as well as team information for those he gamed with online. The sites openly espoused hatred for the people of their neighborhood and the world in general. When the pair began experimenting with pipe bombs, they posted results of the explosions on the websites. The website was shut down by America Online after the shootings and was preserved for the FBI.[18]
Initial legal encounters
In March 1998, Jefferson County Sheriff's Office investigator Michael Guerra looked at Harris's website after the parents of Brooks Brown, a fellow student of Harris and Klebold, discovered Harris was making threats aimed at their son after a falling out between them. Guerra wrote a draft affidavit for a search warrant, but the affidavit was never filed. This information was not revealed to the public until September 2001 by 60 Minutes, though it was known by the police the entire time.
The two boys got into trouble with the law for breaking into a locked van and stealing computers. In January 1998, they were charged with mischief, breaking and entering, trespassing, and theft. They both left good impressions on the juvenile officers, who offered to expunge their criminal records if they agreed to attend a diversionary program to include community service, received psychiatric treatment, and obeyed the law. Harris was required to attend anger management classes where, again, he made a favorable impression. They were so well-behaved that their probation officer discharged them from the program a few months earlier than the due date. Of Harris, it was remarked that he was "a very bright individual who is likely to succeed in life", while Klebold was said to be intelligent, but "needs to understand that hard work is part of fulfilling a dream." In May 1998, Harris typed a letter of apology to the owner of the van, saying he was sorry he did it. However, he was writing in his journal at the same time: "Why shouldn't we, the gods, have the right to break into a van that some motherfucker left in the middle of nowhere?!"[citation needed]
Hitmen for Hire
The two made a video for a school project that showed them pretending to shoot fake guns and "snuffing" students in the hallway of their school as Hitmen for Hire. The video is known for its swearing scenes, in which they yelled at the camera and said violent things. They both displayed themes of violence in their creative writing projects for school; of a Doom-based tale written by Harris on January 17, 1999, Harris's teacher said: "Yours is a unique approach and your writing works in a gruesome way—good details and mood setting."[19][20]
The massacre
Main article: Columbine High School massacre
Day of the massacre
On April 20, 1999, while smoking a cigarette at the start of lunch break, Brooks Brown saw Harris arrive at school. Brown had severed his friendship with Harris a year earlier because Harris had thrown a chunk of ice at his car windshield; Brown patched things up with Harris just prior to the shooting. Brown scolded Harris for skipping the morning class, because Harris was always serious about schoolwork and being on time. Harris reportedly said, "It doesn't matter anymore" and also said, "Brooks, I like you now. Get out of here. Go home."[21] Brown quickly left the school grounds. At 11:19 a.m., he heard the first gunshots after he had walked some distance away from the school, and he informed the police via a neighbor's cell phone.[citation needed]
By that time, Dylan Klebold had already arrived at the school in a separate car and the two boys left two gym bags, each containing a 20-pound propane bomb, inside the school cafeteria. When these devices failed to detonate, Harris and Klebold armed themselves with guns and launched a shooting attack against their classmates. It remains the deadliest attack ever perpetrated at an American high school. Harris was responsible for eight of the 13 confirmed deaths, including that of a teacher, while Klebold was responsible for the remaining five. There were 25 wounded, most in critical condition.[citation needed]
Suicide
At 12:02 p.m., Harris and Klebold returned to the library. This was 20 minutes after their lethal shooting spree had ended, leaving 12 students and one teacher dead, and another 24 students injured. Ten of their victims had been killed in the library, with their bodies strewn about the floor. Harris and Klebold went to the west windows and opened fire on the police outside. Six minutes later, they walked to the bookshelves near a table where Patrick Ireland lay badly-wounded and unconscious. Student Lisa Kreutz, injured in the earlier library attack, was also in the room, unable to move.
At 12:08 p.m., art teacher Patti Nielson, who had locked herself inside a break room with student Brian Anderson and library staff, overheard Harris and Klebold shout out in unison: "One! Two! Three!" followed immediately by the sound of gunfire.[3] Harris had fired his shotgun through the roof of his mouth, damaging his face and blasting off the back of his head. Klebold had shot himself in the left temple with his TEC-9 semi-automatic handgun, a bullet slicing through his head.
Acquiring arms

 

 9 mm Hi-Point 995 carbine, one of the guns Eric Harris used
 

 9 mm TEC-DC9 pistol also known as the TEC-9, one of the guns Dylan Klebold used
Because Harris and Klebold were both underage at the time, Robyn Anderson (with whom Klebold attended the prom three days before the shooting), an 18-year-old Columbine student and old friend of Klebold's, made a straw purchase of two shotguns and Hi-Point carbine for the pair.[22] In exchange for her cooperation with the investigation that followed the shootings, no charges were filed against Anderson. After illegally acquiring the weapons, Klebold sawed off his Savage 311-D 12-gauge double-barrel shotgun, shortening the overall length to approximately 23 inches (0.58 m), a felony under the National Firearms Act, while Harris's Savage-Springfield 12-gauge pump shotgun was sawed off to around 26 inches (0.66 m).[23]
The shooters also possessed a TEC-DC9 semi-automatic handgun, which had a long history. The manufacturer of the TEC-DC9 first sold it to Miami-based Navegar Incorporated. It was then sold to Zander's Sporting Goods in Baldwin, Illinois in 1994. The gun was later sold to Thornton, Colorado, firearms dealer Larry Russell. In violation of federal law, Russell failed to keep records of the sale, yet he determined that the purchaser of the gun was twenty-one years of age or older. He was unable to identify the pictures of Klebold, Anderson, or Harris shown to him by police after the shooting. Two men, Mark Manes and Philip Duran, were convicted of supplying weapons to the two.[citation needed]
The bombs used by the pair varied and were crudely made from carbon dioxide canisters, galvanized pipe, and metal propane bottles. The bombs were primed with matches placed at one end. Both had striker tips on their sleeves. When they rubbed against the bomb, the match head would light the fuse. The weekend before the shootings, Harris and Klebold had purchased propane tanks and other supplies from a hardware store for a few hundred dollars. Several residents of the area claimed to have heard glass breaking and buzzing sounds from the Harris family's garage, which later was concluded to indicate they were constructing pipe bombs. Harris purchased more propane tanks on the morning of the attack.[citation needed]
More complex bombs, such as the one that detonated on the corner of South Wadsworth Boulevard and Ken Caryl Avenue, had timers. The two largest bombs built were found in the school cafeteria and were made from small propane tanks. Only one of these bombs went off, only partially detonating. It was estimated that if any of the bombs placed in the cafeteria had detonated properly, the blast could have caused extensive structural damage to the school and would have resulted in hundreds of casualties.[24]
Aftermath
There was controversy over whether the perpetrators should be memorialized. Some were opposed, saying that it glorified murderers, while others argued that the perpetrators were also victims. Atop a hill near Columbine High School, crosses were erected for Harris and Klebold along with those for the people they killed,[25] but the father of Daniel Rohrbough (the second student to be killed) cut them down, saying that murderers should not be memorialized in the same place as victims.[26]
Motivations
Harris and Klebold wrote much about how they would carry out the massacre, but less about why. A journal found in Harris's bedroom contained almost every detail that the boys planned to follow after 5:00 a.m. on April 20, 1999.[27] In journal entries, the pair often wrote about events such as the Oklahoma City bombing, the Waco Siege, the Vietnam War, and other similar events, including blurbs and notes on how they wished to "outdo" these events, focusing especially on what Timothy McVeigh did in Oklahoma City. They mentioned how they would like to leave a lasting impression on the world with this kind of violence. That the shooters initially planned and failed to blow up the high school, and not just shoot students, is an indication of how they had wished to overshadow the events that had occurred, respectively, four and six years earlier.[citation needed]
Much speculation occurred over the date chosen for their attack. The original intended date of the attack may have been April 19; Harris required more ammunition from Mark Manes, who did not deliver it until the evening of April 19.[28][29]
Harris and Klebold were both avid fans of KMFDM, an industrial band led by German multi-instrumentalist Sascha Konietzko. It was revealed that lyrics to KMFDM songs ("Son of a Gun", "Stray Bullet", "Waste") were posted on Harris' website,[30] and that the date of the massacre, April 20, coincided with both the release date of the album Adios[31] and the birthday of Adolf Hitler.[32] Harris noted the coincidence of the album's title and release date in his journal.[33]
The media was quick to jump on the apparent connection of the massacre to violent entertainment and Nazism.[34] In response, Konietzko issued a statement:
"First and foremost, KMFDM would like to express their deep and heartfelt sympathy for the parents, families and friends of the murdered and injured children in Littleton. We are sick and appalled, as is the rest of the nation, by what took place in Colorado yesterday.[31][35]"KMFDM are an art form—not a political party. From the beginning, our music has been a statement against war, oppression, fascism and violence against others. While some of the former band members are German as reported in the media, none of us condone any Nazi beliefs whatsoever."[35][36]
The attack occurred on Hitler's birthday, which led to speculation in the media. Some people, such as Robyn Anderson, who knew the perpetrators, stated that the pair were not obsessed with Nazism nor did they worship or admire Hitler in any way. Anderson stated, in retrospect, that there were many things the pair did not tell friends. Dave Cullen, author of the 2010 book Columbine, cites evidence that Harris did revere the Nazis. He praised them often in his journal, and some of his friends grew irritated at his frequent Nazi salutes and quotations in the months leading up to the shooting. At a certain point, Harris realized he needed to reduce this behavior, for fear of revealing his plans. He commented in his journal about how hard it was to wait until April to express all his hatred for the human race.[22] In his journal, Harris mentioned his admiration of what he imagined to be natural selection, and wrote that he would like to put everyone in a super Doom game and see to it that the weak die and the strong live.[37] On the day of the massacre, Harris wore a white T-shirt with the words "Natural selection" printed in black.[14]
Bullying
One of Harris' last journal entries read: "I hate you people for leaving me out of so many fun things. And no don't … say, 'Well that's your fault,' because it isn't, you people had my phone #, and I asked and all, but no. No no no don't let the weird-looking Eric KID come along."[14]
Dylan Klebold said on the Basement Tapes, "You've been giving us shit for years. You're fucking gonna pay for all the shit! We don't give a shit. Because we're gonna die doing it."[38]
Accounts from various parents and school staffers describe the bullying that has been described as "rampant" at the school.[39] Nathan Vanderau, a friend of Klebold, and Alisa Owen, Harris's eighth-grade science partner, reported that Harris and Klebold were constantly picked on. Vanderau noted that a "cup of fecal matter" was thrown at them.[40] "People surrounded them in the commons and squirted ketchup packets all over them, laughing at them, calling them faggots," Brooks Brown says. "That happened while teachers watched. They couldn't fight back. They wore the ketchup all day and went home covered with it."[10] In his book, No Easy Answers: The Truth Behind Death at Columbine, Brown wrote that Harris was born with mild chest indent. This made him reluctant to take his shirt off in gym class, and other students would laugh at him.[11]
"A lot of the tension in the school came from the class above us," Chad Laughlin states. "There were people fearful of walking by a table where you knew you didn't belong, stuff like that. Certain groups certainly got preferential treatment across the board. I caught the tail end of one really horrible incident, and I know Dylan told his mother that it was the worst day of his life." That incident, according to Laughlin, involved seniors pelting Klebold with "ketchup-covered tampons" in the commons.[12]
Harris and Klebold as modern revolutionaries
Nick Turse suggested that the murderers were acting as revolutionaries. He wrote, "Who would not concede that terrorizing the American machine, at the very site where it exerts its most powerful influence (high school), is a truly revolutionary task? To be inarticulate about your goals, even to not understand them, does not negate their existence. Approve or disapprove of their methods, vilify them as miscreants, but don’t dare disregard these modern radicals as anything less than the latest incarnation of disaffected insurgents waging the ongoing American revolution."[41] Historian David Farber of Temple University wrote that Turse's assertion "only makes sense in an academic culture in which transgression is by definition political and in which any rage against society can be considered radical."[42]
Journals and investigation
Harris began keeping a journal in April 1998, a short time after the pair was convicted of breaking into a van, for which each received ten months of juvenile intervention counseling and community service in January 1998. They began to formulate plans then, as reflected in their journals.[29]
Harris wanted to join the United States Marine Corps, but his application was rejected shortly before the shootings because he was taking the drug fluvoxamine, an SSRI antidepressant, which he was required to take as part of court-ordered anger management therapy. According to the recruiting officer, Harris did not know about this rejection. Though some friends of Harris suggested that he had stopped taking the drug beforehand,[43] the autopsy reports showed low therapeutic or normal (not toxic or lethal) blood-levels of Luvox (fluvoxamine) in his system, which would be around 0.0031-0.0087 mg%,[44] at the time of death.[45] After the shootings, opponents of contemporary psychiatry like Peter Breggin[46] claimed that the psychiatric medications prescribed to Harris after his conviction (ostensibly for obsessive-compulsive disorder) may have exacerbated his aggressiveness.[47]
In April 2009, Professor Aubrey Immelman, Ph.D of the College of Saint Benedict and Saint John's University, published a book, Columbine: A True Crime Story; A Victim, the Killers and the Nation’s Search for Answers, which includes a personality profile of Eric Harris, based on journal entries and personal communication. Immelman's profile believes the materials suggested behavior patterns consistent with a "malignant narcissism ... (with) pathological narcissism, antisocial features, paranoid traits, and unconstrained aggression". The report notes that such a profile should not be construed as a direct psychiatric diagnosis, which is based on face-to-face interviews, formal psychological testing, and collection of collateral information.[dead link][48]
In his journal, Klebold wrote about his view that he and Harris were "god-like" and more highly evolved than every other human being, but his secret journal records self-loathing and suicidal intentions. Page after page was covered in hearts, as he was secretly in love with a Columbine student. Although both had difficulty controlling their anger, Klebold's anger had led to his being more prone to serious trouble than Harris. Klebold was known to swear at teachers and fight with his boss at Blackjack Pizza. After their arrest, which both recorded as the most traumatic thing they had ever experienced, Klebold wrote a letter to Harris, saying how they would have so much fun getting revenge and killing cops, and how his wrath from the January arrest would be "god-like". On the day of the massacre, Klebold wore a black T-shirt which had the word "WRATH" printed in red.[14] It was speculated that revenge for the arrest was a possible motive for the attack, and that the pair planned on having a massive gun battle with police during the shooting. Klebold wrote that life was no fun without a little death, and that he would like to spend the last moments of his life in nerve-wracking twists of murder and bloodshed. He concluded by saying that he would kill himself afterward in order to leave the world that he hated and go to a better place. Klebold was described as "hotheaded, but depressive and suicidal."[citation needed]
Some of the home recorded videos, called "The Basement Tapes", have been withheld from the public by the police. Harris and Klebold reportedly discussed their motives for the attacks in these videos and gave instructions in bomb making. Police cite the reason for withholding these tapes as an effort to prevent them from becoming "call-to-arms" and "how-to" videos that could inspire copycat killers.[citation needed]
Media accounts
Initially,[49] the shooters were believed to be members of a clique that called themselves the "Trench Coat Mafia", a small group of Columbine's self-styled outcasts who wore heavy black trench coats. Early reports described the members as also wearing German slogans and swastikas on their clothes.[49] Additional media reports described the Trench Coat Mafia as a cult with ties to the Neo-Nazi movement which fueled a media stigma and bias against the Trench Coat Mafia. The misinformation might have stemmed from the jocks calling females who interacted with the Trench Coat Mafia 'Nazi lesbians'.[49] In reality, the Trench Coat Mafia was a group of friends who hung out together, wore black trench coats, and prided themselves on being different from the 'jocks' who had been bullying the members and who also coined the name Trench Coat Mafia.[50] The trench coat inadvertently became the members' uniform after a mother of one of the members bought it as an inexpensive present.[49]
Investigation revealed that Harris and Klebold were only friends with one member of the group, Chris Morris, and that most of the primary members of the Trench Coat Mafia had left the school by the time that Harris and Klebold committed the massacre. Most did not know the shooters, apart from their association with Morris, and none were considered suspects in the shootings or were charged with any involvement in the incident.[49]
In the aftermath of the attacks, some North American high school students attended compulsory seminars that encouraged tolerance and condemned bullying, since that was believed, at least initially, to be one of the causes of the attacks.[citation needed]
Rapper Eminem mentioned the massacre in multiple songs from The Marshall Mathers LP, most notably "The Way I Am." Marilyn Manson dubbed them "The Nobodies" in his song of that name from his 2000 album Holy Wood, addressing the allusion that the pair gave as their motivation for the planned killing in their journal.
Manson and Eminem were blamed by the media in the wake of the Columbine shooting, and Manson responded to criticism in an interview with Michael Moore, in which he was asked, "If you were to talk directly to the kids at Columbine and the people in the community, what would you say to them if they were here right now?", to which he replied, "I wouldn't say a single word to them—I would listen to what they have to say, and that's what no one did."[51]
Psychological analysis
One official report suggested that Harris was a psychopath and Klebold was a depressive, and consequently that Harris was influenced by sadism, whereas Klebold was influenced by revenge. This report suggested that all of the reasons the boys gave for the shooting were justifications in order to present themselves as killers with a cause.[52][53][54]
Although early media reports attributed the shootings to a desire for revenge on the part of Harris and Klebold for bullying that they received, subsequent psychological analysis indicated Harris and Klebold harbored serious psychological problems. According to Dave Cullen, Harris, who conceived the attacks, was "cold-blooded, predatory psychopath" and an intelligent, charming liar with "a preposterously grand superiority complex, a revulsion for authority and an excruciating need for control". In Cullen's assessment, Harris lacked remorse or empathy for others, and sought to punish them for their perceived inferiority. According to Principal Frank DeAngelis, Harris was "the type of kid who, when he was in front of adults, he'd tell you what you wanted to hear."[14][52]
According to Robert Hare, one of the psychologists consulted by the FBI about Harris and Klebold, the media focused on the hatred exhibited by Harris' journal and web site, and interpreted this as an indication that the killings were motivated by revenge. Hare says, "Unlike psychotic individuals, psychopaths are rational and aware of what they are doing and why. Their behavior is the result of choice, freely exercised." In analyzing the pages of enraged writings in Harris' journals, Hare concludes the writings are not an expression of anger stemming from being ostracized or bullied, but are indicative of a deep superiority complex that seeks to punish the entire human race for its inferiority. Says Hare, "It's more about demeaning other people." According to Supervisory Special Agent Dwayne Fuselier, the FBI's lead Columbine investigator and a clinical psychologist, Harris exhibited a pattern of grandiosity, contempt, and lack of empathy or remorse, distinctive traits of psychopaths that Harris concealed through deception. Fuselier adds that Harris engaged in mendacity not merely to protect himself, as Harris rationalized in his journal, but also for pleasure, as seen when Harris expressed his thoughts in his journal regarding how he and Klebold avoided prosecution for breaking into a van. Other leading psychiatrists concur that Harris was a psychopath.[52]
Reaction of Susan Klebold
Susan Klebold, mother of Dylan Klebold, spoke about the Columbine High School massacre publicly for the first time in an essay that appeared in the October 2009 issue of O: The Oprah Magazine. In the piece, Klebold wrote: "For the rest of my life, I will be haunted by the horror and anguish Dylan caused," and, "Dylan changed everything I believed about myself, about God, about family, and about love." Stating that she had no clue of her son's intentions, she said, "Once I saw his journals, it was clear to me that Dylan entered the school with the intention of dying there."[55] In Andrew Solomon's 2012 book, Far From the Tree, she acknowledged that on the day of the massacre, when she discovered that Dylan was one of the shooters, she prayed he would kill himself. "I had a sudden vision of what he might be doing. And so while every other mother in Littleton was praying that her child was safe, I had to pray that mine would die before he hurt anyone else."[56]
The Harris levels
Eric Harris created several known levels for the computer game Doom (known as WADs),[57] and purportedly for the game Quake. The largest and most popular level is called U.A.C. Labs, and is still available for download.[58][59] Some of the Harris level packs have graphical modifications that enhance the violent content of the game. The levels were not meant to be recreations of the interior of Columbine High School as often rumored.[citation needed]
According to one of the boys' friends, Joseph Stair, Klebold was an avid Doom level creator just like Harris. Klebold had created a level that resembled the school and showed Stair, but he wasn't interested in playing Doom, and never obtained a copy of the file, and the whereabouts of this level pack are unknown.[60]
In popular culture
Main article: Columbine High School massacre in modern culture
In the 1999 black comedy, Duck! The Carbine High Massacre, which is inspired by the Columbine shooting, the two shooters are played by William Hellfire and Joey Smack, who also co-wrote, directed and produced the film.[61] The shooters are named "Derrick and Derwin", a play on Harris' and Klebold's first names.
The 2002 Michael Moore documentary film Bowling for Columbine focuses heavily on a perceived American obsession with handguns, its grip on Jefferson County, Colorado, and its role in the shooting.
The 2003 Gus Van Sant film Elephant depicts a fictional school shooting, though some of its details were based on the Columbine massacre, such as one scene, in which one of the young killers walks into the evacuated school cafeteria and pauses to sip from someone's glass, as Harris himself did during the shooting.[40][62] In the film, the killers are called "Alex and Eric".
In the 2003 Ben Coccio film Zero Day, which was inspired by the Columbine shooting, the two shooters are played by Cal Gabriel and Andre Kriegman.[63]
Also in 2003, the Uwe Boll film Heart of America: Home Room was released. The film's main plot focuses on two bullied students, Daniel Lynn and Barry Shultz, who plan to carry out a school shooting on the last day of school after being tortured by the school jocks. Barry, the main character, has second thoughts and quits at the last minute, while Daniel carries out the plan with a female accomplice, Dara McDermott. Barry is played by Michael Belyea, Daniel is played by Kett Turton, and Dara is played by Elisabeth Rosen. The film is also believed to have been inspired by several shootings that are listed before the credits, Columbine being among them.
Also in 2004, the shooting was dramatized in the documentary Zero Hour, in which Harris and Klebold were played by Ben Johnson and Josh Young, respectively.
In 2007, the massacre was documented in an episode of the National Geographic Channel documentary series, The Final Report.[64]
In the 2009 film April Showers, which was written and directed by Andrew Robinson, who was a senior at Columbine High School during the shooting,[65] the single shooter, Ben Harris, is played by Benjamin Chrystak.
See also
Virginia Tech massacre
Heath High School shooting
List of school shootings in the United States
Mitchell Johnson and Andrew Golden
Andrew Kehoe
Leopold and Loeb
Martin Peyerl
Seung-Hui Cho
Port Arthur massacre
Martin Bryant
List of alleged Natural Born Killers copycat crimes
Video game controversies
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Further reading
Brown, Brooks; Rob Merritt (2002). No Easy Answers: The Truth Behind Death at Columbine. Lantern Books. ISBN 1-59056-031-0.
Cullen, Dave (2009). Columbine. Grand Central Publishing. ISBN 0-446-54693-3.
Kass, Jeff (2009). Columbine: A True Crime Story. Ghost Road Publishing Group. ISBN 0-9816525-6-5.
Larkin, Ralph W. (2007). Comprehending Columbine. Temple University Press. ISBN 1-59213-491-2.
External links
 Wikisource has original text related to this article:
Transcripts of "The Basement Tapes" of Eric Harris and Dylan Klebold

Crimelibrary feature
Eric David Harris at Find a Grave
Dylan Bennet Klebold at Find a Grave

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List of alleged Natural Born Killers copycat crimes

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This is a list of crimes committed by individuals allegedly influenced by the 1994 film Natural Born Killers.

Contents
  [hide] 1 Major incidents 1.1 Shooting of William Savage and Patsy Byers
1.2 Heath High School shooting
1.3 Columbine High School massacre
1.4 Richardson family murders
1.5 Dawson College shooting
2 Other incidents
3 References
Major incidents[edit]
Shooting of William Savage and Patsy Byers[edit]
On March 5, 1995, Sarah Edmondson (19) and her boyfriend Benjamin James Darras (18) spent a night alone together at her family's cabin in Muskogee, Oklahoma, taking LSD and watching Natural Born Killers. Two days later, they left the cabin and packed Edmondson's Nissan Maxima with blankets and a .38-caliber revolver. They allegedly left Muskogee to attend a Grateful Dead concert in Memphis, Tennessee. On March 7, they arrived in Hernando, Mississippi, when Darras killed cotton-mill manager William Savage by shooting him twice in the head at point blank range. Darras then took a piece of blood-stained fabric from Savage to keep as a token. Later, with Edmondson, he spoke openly about killing Savage. They then travelled to Ponchatoula, Louisiana, where Edmondson shot Patsy Byers, a convenience store cashier. Byers survived the attack, being rendered quadriplegic. Savage had been a friend of best-selling author John Grisham, who publicly accused Stone of being irresponsible in making the film, claiming that filmmakers should be held accountable for their work when it incites viewers to commit violent acts. In July 1995, Byers took legal actions against Edmondson and Darras, however in March 1996, she amended her lawsuit to include Oliver Stone and the Time Warner company. With the advice of Grisham, Byers used a "product liability" claim, stating that the filmmakers "knew, or should have known that the film would cause and inspire people […] to commit crimes such as the shooting of Patsy Ann Byers." Grisham himself stated in an article called "Unnatural Killers" in the April 1996 edition of the Oxford American magazine, "The last hope of imposing some sense on Hollywood will come through another great American tradition, the lawsuit. A case can be made that there exists a direct causal link between Natural Born Killers and the death of Bill Savage. It will take only one large verdict against the likes of Oliver Stone, and then the party will be over." On January 23, 1997, on the grounds that filmmakers and production companies are protected by the First Amendment, the case was dismissed, but Byers immediately appealed the decision, and on May 15, 1998, the Intermediate Louisiana Court of Appeals overturned that decision, claiming that Byers did indeed have a valid case against the filmmakers (However, Byers herself died of cancer in late 1997). However, on March 12, 2001, judge Robert Morrison dismissed the case on the grounds that there was no evidence that either Time Warner or Oliver Stone intended to incite violence.
In June 2002, the Louisiana Court of Appeal turned down an appeal from Byers' attorneys, and the suit was officially closed.[1][2][3]
Sarah Edmondson has since been released on parole in Oklahoma only serving less than twelve years on a thirty year sentence. Her parole will end in 2025.[4]
Heath High School shooting[edit]
Main article: Heath High School shooting
On December 1, 1997, in Paducah, Kentucky, 14-year-old Michael Carneal went to school carrying four .22 rifles, 2 .30-30 Winchester rifles and a Ruger .22 handgun. Upon arriving at the school, he inserted a pair of earplugs and opened fire with the handgun at a prayer meeting, killing three of his classmates and wounding five others. After he was finished shooting, Carneal calmly dropped the gun and surrendered to the school principal. Carneal was charged with murder and attempted murder and initially sentenced to three life sentences for murder plus 150 years for five counts of attempted murder. Following appeal, this was altered to life in prison with no possibility of parole. In April 1999, Jack Thompson, attorney for the parents of the murdered children filed a $33 million lawsuit against Time Warner, Polygram Film, Palm Pictures, Island Pictures, New Line Cinema, Atari, Nintendo and Sony Computer Entertainment. Specifically mentioned were Natural Born Killers and the 1995 film The Basketball Diaries, as well as the video games Doom and Mortal Kombat. Thompson argued that the films and games had encouraged Carneal to act the way he did, and that Doom had provided him with excellent target practice. In July 2001 the US Court of Appeals affirmed the lower court's dismissal of the case.[5]
Columbine High School massacre[edit]
Main article: Columbine High School massacre
On April 20, 1999, students Eric Harris and Dylan Klebold murdered twelve students and one teacher at Columbine High School near Littleton, Colorado. The massacre ended with both perpetrators committing suicide. It has been confirmed that both Harris and Klebold were fans of Natural Born Killers. Prior to the massacre, they had used the initials 'NBK' as their code. In a journal entry dated, April 10, 1998, Harris wrote "When I go NBK and people say things like "Oh, it was so tragic," or "oh he is crazy!" or "It was so bloody", just because your mommy and daddy told you blood and violence is bad, you think it's a fucking law of nature? Wrong, only science and math are true, everything, and I mean every fucking thing else is Man made. Before I leave this worthless place, I will kill whoever I deem unfit for anything at all, especially life." Harris also referred to April 20 as "the holy April morning of NBK", and in an undated journal entry, Klebold (who was severely depressed) wrote "I'm stuck in humanity. Maybe going NBK w. Eric is the way to break free".[6]
During one of the "Basement Tapes" found in Harris and Klebold's homes, the perpetrators mention how Hollywood will want to adapt their life story, and they debate on whether or not Steven Spielberg or Quentin Tarantino (who conceived the story for Natural Born Killers) are appropriate choices to direct the proposed film. In 2004 the Columbine High School massacre was dramatized on Zero Hour, with the killers being portrayed by Ben Johnson (as Eric Harris) and Josh Young (as Dylan Klebold).
Richardson family murders[edit]
Main article: Richardson family murders
On April 23, 2006, Jeremy Allan Steinke (23) and his 12-year-old girlfriend murdered her parents, Marc and Debra Richardson, as well as her 8-year-old brother, Jacob, in Medicine Hat, Alberta. Steinke and Richardson were arrested on April 24 in Leader, Saskatchewan, and were charged with three counts of first-degree murder. According to friends of the daughter, her parents had punished her for dating Steinke,[7] due to the age disparity,[8] and forbade her from visiting him.[8] Shortly after her arrest, Steinke proposed marriage to her, which she accepted.[9]
On July 9, 2007, Richardson was found guilty of three counts of first-degree murder and was sentenced to ten years in prison, which is the maximum penalty for an individual under 14 years of age. On December 5, 2008, Steinke was also found guilty of three counts of first-degree murder, and on December 15, he was sentenced to life in prison without the possibility for parole for 25 years. The Natural Born Killers connection was that Steinke had allegedly watched the film the night before the incident. He also spoke to friends of "going Natural Born Killer on her [Richardson daughter] family".[10][11]
Dawson College shooting[edit]
Main article: Dawson College shooting
On September 13, 2006, at Dawson College, a CEGEP in Westmount near downtown Montreal, Quebec, Canada, Kimveer Gill began shooting outside the de Maisonneuve Boulevard entrance to the school, and moved towards the atrium by the cafeteria on the main floor. One victim died at the scene, while another 19 were injured, eight of whom were listed in critical condition with six requiring surgery. The gunman later committed suicide by shooting himself in the head, after being shot in the arm by police. He listed the movie as one of his favorites on his blog.
Other incidents[edit]
In September 1994, a 14-year-old boy from Dallas, Texas decapitated a 13-year-old classmate at a Dallas middle school. When asked why he did this, he allegedly said it was because he "wanted to be famous. Like the Natural Born Killers."[1]
In October 1994, 17-year-old Nathan Martinez from Bluffdale, Utah, shot and killed his stepmother and 10-year-old half-sister while they slept. He was apprehended three days later in O'Neill, Nebraska, following a nationwide manhunt. Martinez was allegedly obsessed with the film and claims to have seen it at least 10 times in the week prior to the murders. He had even shaved his head the way Mickey does at the end of the movie, and he had taken to wearing the same style of round sunglasses as Mickey.[12]
In January 1995, after allegedly watching the movie 19 times, a gang of four people in their twenties killed a truck driver and made their getaway in his rig.[1][13]
On March 5, 1995 in Senoia, Georgia, 15-year-old Jason Lewis shot and killed his parents after allegedly deciding he wanted to emulate Mickey and Mallory. Lewis was on the telephone talking to a friend discussing how he was planning to kill his mother and father and leave for the road, when he suddenly announced, "I'm going to do it." According to the friend, as he listened on the phone, he heard Lewis shooting his parents. He grabbed his father's 12-gauge shotgun, and shot his mother, sitting in a recliner watching television. The shot didn’t kill her, and as she screamed, he fired again, hitting his father, lying on a nearby couch. A third shot to his mother’s face killed her, and a fourth shot to his father's forehead killed him. According to Lewis' friend, Lewis then calmly returned to the phone and announced "I did it. It's done." It was subsequently discovered that Lewis was one of four young boys who planned to kill their parents, and embark on a cross country killing spree similar to that seen in the film. All four boys were arrested. During interrogation, when asked why he did it, Lewis told investigators that it was because his parents had imposed a midnight curfew on him.[14]
In Avon, Massachusetts in June 1995, two men, ages 18 and 20, killed a physically handicapped 65-year-old man by stabbing him 27 times with a Bowie knife whilst he lay sleeping in his bed. The attack was so ferocious that both of the man's wrists were broken due to the force of the attacks, and his body was split open from clavicle to spine. After the murder, the ringleader bragged to his girlfriend about the murder. When she expressed horror at his actions, he asked her "Haven't you ever seen Natural Born Killers before?". During the interrogation, one of the murderers told police "We know what we did was bad, but we didn't know this guy so we weren't going to cry about it."[15]
On January 3, 1997, New York firefighter James Halverson was running at the high school track at Centereach, Long Island when William Sodders (21) shot and killed him in an act of random violence. Sodders had purchased a 9 mm pistol and he and his friend Eric Calvin, had gone to the track to practice shooting. When they got there, Sodders encountered Halverson. He went out onto the track, and bent over pretending to tie his shoelaces. As Halverson approached, Sodders stood up and shot him at point blank range. He also shot and killed Halverson's dog. The next day, Sodder's father, Patrick, turned him into police, after Sodder's girlfriend, Nicole, told Patrick that she thought William had something to do with the killing. According to Patrick Sodders, Natural Born Killers was his son's favorite film, and he deeply admired Mickey and Mallory. According to his father, ever since seeing the film, Sodders had even begun to act like Mickey. Sodders was sentenced to life in prison.[16][17]
Luther Casteel - Date of murder: April 13, 2001. Characteristics: Alcohol - Barroom altercation - Retaliation - Number of victims: 2. Date of arrest: Same day - Date of birth: July 4, 1958. Victims profile: Bartender Jeffrey Weides, 38, and patron Richard Bartlett, 48. Method of murder: Shooting - Location: Chicago, Illinois, USA. Status: Sentenced to death in 2002. Commuted to life in prison without parole on January 12, 2003 by George Ryan. At JB's Pub in Elgin in 2001, Casteel was booted out for harassing female customers and employees. Roaring drunk and enraged, he went straight home, shaved his hair into a mohawk and changed into military fatigues, armed himself with several guns and returned to the bar. He was illegally carrying two handguns, two shotguns and 200 rounds of live ammunition. Once he started shooting witnesses said he laughed and screamed: "I'm the king, how do you like me now?" Screaming, "I am a natural born killer" and "I am the king", he shot bartender Jeffrey Weides and customer Richard Bartlett to death and shot / wounded 16 others (some of whom remain permanently disabled) before being wrestled to the ground by bar patrons and employees. At his trial, Casteel almost dared a Kane County jury to impose the death penalty. "I'm not someone who asks for mercy or pity for my actions," he said during a stunning half hour of testimony. "I have absolutely no fear of anything anyone can put upon me."
On December 23, 2004, in Jacksonville, Florida, Angus Wallen and Kara Winn, both 27, shot and killed their roommate Brandon Murphy (22) before setting him and the apartment on fire in an attempt to cover up the crime. Wallen and Winn had only recently moved in with Murphy, and had decided to steal his debit card. When he resisted, Winn shot him in his shoulder, and Wallen shot him in the head, killing him. They had allegedly watched Natural Born Killers the night before the murder, and prosecutors argued that the crime resembled a similar crime in the film where a couple kill a man, light his remains on fire, and then escape together, even though there wasn't such a scene in the film. They were arrested the next day in Biloxi, Mississippi, and during the subsequent trial, they turned on one another, each saying the murder was the other's idea. They were both sentenced to life in prison without the possibility of parole.[18][19]
On July 19, 2008, in Milwaukee, Wisconsin, Eric Tavulares strangled his girlfriend, Lauren Aljubouri to death. Tavulares and Aljubouri, both 18, had been watching the movie, and stopped it about halfway through before going to bed. According to Tavulares, he and Aljubouri were lying in bed talking, when he "switched mentally" and began strangling her. Upon arriving at the scene, Tavulares told police "I did it, I can't believe it. I did it." He later claimed that he had seen Natural Born Killers between 10 and 20 times. On January 31, 2009, Tavulares (who pleaded guilty during the trial) was sentenced to a minimum of 40 years in prison.[20][21]
References[edit]
1.^ Jump up to: a b c Freedom Forum (http://www.freedomforum.org/templates/document.asp?documentID=3962)
2.Jump up ^ "Natural Born Killers Lawsuit Dropped". BBC News. March 13, 2001. Retrieved 2008-11-23. Unknown parameter |--> date= ignored (help)
3.Jump up ^ Young, Josh (August 6, 1999). "Devil's Advocate?". Entertainment Weekly. Retrieved 2008-11-23.
4.Jump up ^ http://muskogeenow.com/?p=2834
5.Jump up ^ Cabell, Brian. "Who is Michael Carneal?". CNN. Retrieved 2008-11-23. Unknown parameter |--> date= ignored (help)[dead link]
6.Jump up ^ "Columbine High School Massacre: Aftershock and the Search for Reasons". Retrieved 2008-11-23.
7.Jump up ^ "Sudbury family mourn murder victims". Northern Life (Laurentian Media Group). 2006-04-27. Retrieved 2006-06-19.
8.^ Jump up to: a b Breakenridge, Dave, "Pre-teen's tryst 'gross' Friends of 12-year-old accused killer disapproved of boyfriend, 23", Calgary Sun, April 28, 2006.
9.Jump up ^ Girl on trial for murder agreed to marry lover, Toronto Star, June 30, 2007.
10.Jump up ^ "Medicine Hat girl guilty of first-degree murder". CBC News. July 9, 2007. Retrieved 2008-11-23. Unknown parameter |--> date= ignored (help)
11.Jump up ^ "Teen gets maximum sentence for Medicine Hat killings". CBC News. November 8, 2007. Retrieved 2008-11-23. Unknown parameter |--> date= ignored (help)
12.Jump up ^ "Police Seize Suspect Obsessed by Movie". The New York Times. 1994-11-8. Retrieved 2008-11-23.
13.Jump up ^ Kunich, John Charles. "Natural Born Copycat Killers and the Law of Shock Torts", p.1160n14.
14.Jump up ^ Sennott, Charles. "Another Natural Born Killer Shoots Parents". The Boston Globe. Retrieved 2008-11-23. Unknown parameter |--> date= ignored (help)
15.Jump up ^ Barry, Ann Marie. Visual Intelligence, p.316
16.Jump up ^ O'Kane, James M. Wicked Deeds: Murder in America, p.47
17.Jump up ^ Chen, David (1998-10-7). "Man Is Guilty in the Killing, For Sport, of a Firefighter". The New York Times. Retrieved 2008-11-23.
18.Jump up ^ Bowen, Shannon. "Who Jacksonville pair found guilty in roommate's death". Jacksonville.com. Retrieved 2008-11-23. Unknown parameter |--> date= ignored (help)
19.Jump up ^ "Couple Get Life In Prison For Roommate's Murder". News4Jax.com. Retrieved 2008-11-23. Unknown parameter |--> date= ignored (help)
20.Jump up ^ "Natural Born Killer?". The Smoking Gun. Retrieved 2008-11-23.[dead link]
21.Jump up ^ "Natural Born Killer: Eric Tavulares". True Crime Report. Retrieved 2008-11-23. Unknown parameter |--> date= ignored (help)
 

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Columbine High School massacre

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Columbine High School massacre

Eric Harris and Dylan Klebold caught on the high school's security cameras in the cafeteria shortly before committing suicide.
 
Location
Columbine, Colorado, U.S.
Date
April 20, 1999
 11:19 am – 12:08 pm (UTC-6)
Target
Students and faculty at Columbine High School
Attack type
School shooting, mass murder, massacre, murder–suicide, fire, suicide attack, shootout, attempted bombing, late car explosion
Weapon(s)
Intratec TEC-DC9, Hi-Point 995 Carbine, Savage 67H pump-action shotgun, Stevens 311D double barreled sawed-off shotgun, 99 explosives, 4 knives
Deaths
15 (including both perpetrators)
Injured (non-fatal)
21
Perpetrators
Eric Harris and Dylan Klebold
Motive
Various
The Columbine High School massacre was a school shooting which occurred on April 20, 1999, at Columbine High School in Columbine, an unincorporated area of Jefferson County in the State of Colorado. In addition to shootings, the complex and highly planned attack involved a fire bomb to divert firefighters, propane tanks converted to bombs placed in the cafeteria, 99 explosive devices, and bombs rigged in cars. Two senior students, Eric Harris and Dylan Klebold, murdered a total of 12 students and one teacher. They injured 24 additional students, with three other people being injured while attempting to escape the school. The pair then committed suicide.[1][2]
Although their motives remain unclear, the personal journals of the perpetrators document that they wished their actions to rival the Oklahoma City bombing. The attack has been referred to by USA Today as a "suicidal attack [which was] planned as a grand – if badly implemented – terrorist bombing."[3] The Columbine High School massacre is the deadliest mass murder committed on an American high school campus, and is noted as one of the first and most serious of a series of high profile spree shootings which have since occurred.[4]
The massacre sparked debate over gun control laws, the availability of firearms within the United States and gun violence involving youths. Much discussion also centered on the nature of high school cliques, subcultures and bullying, in addition to the influence of violent movies and video games in American society. The shooting resulted in an increased emphasis on school security, and a moral panic aimed at goth culture, social outcasts, gun culture, the use of pharmaceutical anti-depressants by teenagers, teenage Internet use[5] and violent video games.[6][7]

Contents
  [hide] 1 Preliminary activities and intent 1.1 Medication
1.2 Journals and videos
2 Firearms
3 April 20, 1999: The massacre 3.1 Shooting begins 11:19 a.m.
3.2 Police response 11:22 a.m.
3.3 Library massacre 11:29 a.m. to 11:36 a.m.
3.4 Suicide of the perpetrators
3.5 The crisis ends
4 Immediate aftermath
5 The search for rationale 5.1 Bullying
5.2 Psychopathy and depression
5.3 Video games
5.4 Other factors explored 5.4.1 Social climate
5.4.2 Goth subculture
5.4.3 Music
5.4.4 Harris and Klebold as modern revolutionaries
5.4.5 Choice of date

6 Impact on school policies 6.1 Secret Service report on school shootings
6.2 School security
6.3 Anti-bullying policies
7 Long-term results 7.1 Police tactics
7.2 Gun control
7.3 Memorials
7.4 Becoming part of the vernacular
8 See also
9 References 9.1 Specific
9.2 General
10 Further reading
11 External links
Preliminary activities and intent
For greater information regarding the background of the perpetrators, see Eric Harris and Dylan Klebold.
In 1996, Eric Harris created a private website on America Online. Harris initially created the site to host gaming levels of the video game Doom, which he and his friend, Dylan Klebold, had created, primarily for friends. On this site, Harris began a blog, which included jokes and short journal entries with thoughts on parents, school, and friends. By the end of the year, the site contained instructions on how to cause mischief, as well as instructions on how to make explosives, and blogs in which he described the trouble he and Klebold were causing. Beginning in early 1997, the blog postings began to show the first signs of Harris's ever-growing anger against society.[8] Harris's site attracted few visitors, and caused no concern until late 1997. Klebold gave the web address to Brooks Brown, a former friend of Harris. Brown's mother had filed numerous complaints with the Jefferson County Sheriff's office concerning Harris, as she thought he was dangerous. The website contained numerous death threats directed against Brown: Klebold knew that if Brooks accessed the address, he would discover the content and inform his parents, and likely the authorities would be notified. After Brown's parents viewed the site, they contacted the Jefferson County Sheriff's Office. The investigator Michael Guerra was told about the website.[8] When he accessed it, Guerra discovered numerous violent threats directed against the students and teachers of Columbine High School. Other material included blurbs which Harris had written about his general hatred of society, and his desire to kill those who annoyed him. Harris had noted on his site that he had made pipe bombs. In addition, he mentioned a gun count and compiled a hit list of individuals (he did not post any plan on how he intended to attack targets).[9] As Harris had posted on his website that he possessed explosives, Guerra wrote a draft affidavit, requesting a search warrant of the Harris household. He never filed it.[8] The affidavit was concealed by the Jefferson County Sheriff's Office and not revealed until September 2001, resulting from an investigation by the TV show 60 Minutes.
After the revelation about the affidavit, a series of grand jury investigations were begun into the cover-up activities of Jefferson County officials. The investigation revealed that high-ranking county officials had met a few days after the massacre to discuss the release of the affidavit to the public. It was decided that because the affidavit's contents lacked the necessary probable cause to have supported the issuance of a search warrant for the Harris household by a judge, it would be best not to disclose the affidavit's existence at an upcoming press conference, although the actual conversations and points of discussion were never revealed to anyone other than the Grand Jury members. Following the press conference, the original Guerra documents disappeared. In September 1999, a Jefferson County investigator failed to find the documents during a secret search of the county's computer system. A second attempt in late 2000 found copies of the document within the Jefferson County archives. The documents were reconstructed and released to the public in September 2001, but the original documents are still missing. The final grand jury investigation was released in September 2004.
On January 30, 1998, Eric Harris and Dylan Klebold stole tools and other equipment from a van parked near the city of Littleton.[10] Both youths were arrested and subsequently attended a joint court hearing, where they pleaded guilty to the felony theft. The judge sentenced the duo to attend a juvenile diversion program. There both boys attended mandated classes and talked with diversion officers. One of their classes taught anger management. Harris also began attending therapy classes with a psychologist. Klebold had a history of drinking and having failed a dilute urine test, but neither he nor Harris attended any substance abuse classes.[11]
Harris and Klebold were eventually released from diversion several weeks early because of positive actions in the program;[8] they were both on probation.[12] Harris wrote a letter to the owner of the equipment which they stole, apologizing and offering empathy to the owner for his and Klebold's actions.[13] Harris continued scheduled meetings with his psychologist until a few months before he and Klebold committed the Columbine High School massacre.
Shortly after his and Klebold's court hearing, Harris's online blog disappeared. His website was reverted to its original purpose of posting user-created levels of the online video game Doom. Harris began to write a paper journal, in which he recorded his thoughts and plans. There he boasted of having faked his letter of regret to the owner of the van from which he and Klebold had stolen items and praised himself for his deception.[14]
Harris dedicated a section of his website to posting content regarding his and Klebold's progress in their collection of guns and building of bombs (they subsequently used both in attacking students at their school.) (After the website was made public, AOL permanently deleted it from its servers.)[15]
Medication
In one of his scheduled meetings with his psychiatrist, Eric Harris complained of depression, anger and possessing suicidal thoughts. As a result, he was prescribed the anti-depressant Zoloft. He complained of feeling restless and having trouble concentrating; in April, his doctor switched him to Luvox, a similar anti-depressant drug.[16] At the time of his death, Harris had therapeutic Luvox levels in his system. Some analysts, such as psychiatrist Peter Breggin, have argued that one or both of these medications may have contributed to Harris's actions. Breggin said that side-effects of these drugs include increased aggression, loss of remorse, depersonalization, and mania.[17]
Journals and videos
Harris and Klebold both began keeping journals soon after their arrests. The pair documented their arsenal with video tapes they kept secret.[8][18]
Their journals documented their plan for a major bombing to rival that of the Oklahoma City bombing. Their entries contained blurbs about ways to escape to Mexico, hijacking an aircraft at Denver International Airport and crashing into a building in New York City, as well as details about the planned attack. The pair hoped that, after setting off home-made explosives in the cafeteria at the busiest time of day, killing hundreds of students, they would shoot survivors fleeing from the school. Then, as police vehicles, ambulances, fire trucks, and reporters came to the school, bombs set in the boys' cars would detonate, killing these emergency and other personnel. In the event, the explosives in their cars did not detonate.[8][19]
The pair kept videos that documented the explosives, ammunition, and weapons they had obtained illegally. They revealed the ways they hid their arsenals in their homes, as well as how they deceived their parents about their activities. The pair shot videos of doing target practice in nearby foothills, as well as areas of the high school they planned to attack.[8] On April 20, approximately thirty minutes before the attack,[20] they made a final video saying goodbye and apologizing to their friends and families.
Firearms
In the months prior to the attacks, Harris and Klebold acquired two 9 mm firearms and two 12-gauge shotguns. Their friend Robyn Anderson bought a rifle and the two shotguns at the Tanner Gun Show in December 1998.[21] Through Philip Duran,[22] another friend, Harris and Klebold later bought a handgun from Mark Manes for $500.
Using instructions acquired upon the Internet, Harris and Klebold constructed a total of 99 improvised explosive devices of various designs and sizes. They sawed the barrels and butts off their shotguns to make them easier to conceal.[8] They committed numerous felony violations of state and federal law, including the National Firearms Act and the Gun Control Act of 1968, before they began the massacre.
On April 20, Harris was equipped with a 12-gauge Savage-Springfield 67H pump-action shotgun, (which he discharged a total of 25 times) and a Hi-Point 995 Carbine 9 mm carbine with thirteen 10-round magazines, which he fired a total of 96 times.
Klebold was equipped with a 9 mm Intratec TEC-9 semi-automatic handgun with one 52-, one 32-, and one 28-round magazine and a 12-gauge Stevens 311D double-barreled sawed-off shotgun. Klebold primarily fired the TEC-9 handgun, for a total of 55 times.
April 20, 1999: The massacre
On the morning of Tuesday, April 20, 1999, Harris and Klebold placed a small fire bomb in a field about three miles south of Columbine High School, and two miles south of the fire station.[23] Set to explode at 11:14 a.m., the bomb was a diversion to draw firefighters and emergency personnel away from the school. (It partially detonated and caused a small fire, which was quickly extinguished by the fire department.)
At 11:10 a.m.[24] Harris and Klebold arrived separately at Columbine High School. Harris parked his vehicle in the Junior student parking lot, by the south entrance, and Klebold parked in the adjoining Senior student parking lot, by the west entrance. The school cafeteria, their bomb target, with its long outside window-wall and ground-level doors, was between their parking spots.[25]
After parking their cars, the duo met near Harris's car and armed two 20 pound (9 kg) propane bombs before entering the cafeteria a few minutes prior to the beginning of the A lunch shift. The youths placed the duffel bags containing the bombs—set to explode at approximately 11:17 a.m.[8]—inside the cafeteria before returning to their separate vehicles to await the explosion, and to shoot survivors fleeing the building. Had the bombs exploded with full power, they would have killed or severely wounded all 488 students in the cafeteria and possibly collapsed the ceiling, dropping part of the library into the cafeteria.[26]
A Jefferson County Sheriff's Deputy, Neil Gardner, was assigned to the high school as a full-time uniformed and armed school resource officer. Gardner usually ate lunch with students in the cafeteria, but on April 20 he was eating lunch in his patrol car at the northwest corner of the campus, watching students in the Smokers' Pit in Clement Park.[27] The security staff at Columbine did not observe the bombs being placed in the cafeteria, since a custodian was replacing the school security video tape as it happened. The bags holding the bombs were first visible on the fresh security tape, but they were not identified as suspicious items. No witness recalled seeing the duffel bags being added to the 400 or so backpacks already in the cafeteria.[28]
As the two youths returned to their vehicles, Harris encountered Brooks Brown, a classmate with whom he had recently patched up a longstanding series of disagreements. Brown was surprised to see Harris; whom he had earlier noted had been absent from an important class test. Harris seemed unconcerned when reminded of this fact, commenting, "It doesn't matter anymore." Harris then elaborated: "Brooks, I like you now. Get out of here. Go home." Brown, feeling uneasy, walked away.[29] Several minutes later, students departing Columbine for their lunch break observed Brown heading down South Pierce Street away from the school. Meanwhile, Harris and Klebold armed themselves by their vehicles and waited for the bombs to explode.
Shooting begins 11:19 a.m.
When the cafeteria bombs failed to explode, Harris and Klebold convened and walked toward the school. Both armed, they climbed to the top of the outdoor West Entrance steps, placing them on a level with the athletic fields west of the building and the library inside the West Entrance, directly above the cafeteria. From this vantage point, the cafeteria's west entrance was located at the bottom of the staircase, next to the Senior parking lot.

Injuries and deaths in initial incident
1. Rachel Scott, age 17. Killed by shots to the head, torso and leg alongside the West Entrance of the school.
2. Richard Castaldo, age 17. Shot in the arm, chest, back and abdomen alongside the West Entrance to the school.
3. Daniel Rohrbough, age 15. Killed by a shot to the chest at the base of the West Staircase.
4. Sean Graves, age 15. Shot in the back, foot and abdomen on the West Staircase.
5. Lance Kirklin, age 16. Critically injured by shots to the leg, neck and jaw on the West Staircase.
6. Michael Johnson, age 15. Shot in the face, arm and leg to the west of the staircase.
7. Mark Taylor, age 16. Shot in the chest, arms and leg to the west of the staircase.
8. Anne-Marie Hochhalter, age 17. Shot in the chest, arm, abdomen, back, and left leg near the cafeteria's entrance.
9. Brian Anderson, age 16. Injured near the West Entrance by flying glass.
10. Patti Nielson, age 35. Hit in the shoulder by shrapnel near the West Entrance.
11. Stephanie Munson, age 16. Shot in the ankle inside the North Hallway.
12. William David Sanders, age 47. Died of blood loss after being shot in the neck and back inside the South Hallway.
At 11:19 a.m., a witness heard Eric Harris yell "Go! Go!" The two gunmen pulled their guns from beneath their trenchcoats and began shooting at two 17-year-old students who had been sitting in the grass next to the West Entrance of the school.[30] Rachel Scott was hit four times and killed instantly. Richard Castaldo was shot eight times in the chest, arm and abdomen and paralyzed below the chest.[8] It is unknown who fired first or which gunman shot and killed Scott.[28]
Many rumors afterward related to the cause of the attacks and possible targeting of Christians. One such rumor related to the murder of Rachel Scott claimed that the shooters had first asked Scott if she believed in God, and killed her after she said yes. The FBI later concluded that this interaction did not take place.[12]
After the first two shootings, Harris removed his trench coat and aimed his 9 mm carbine down the West Staircase toward three youths: 15-year-olds Daniel Rohrbough and Sean Graves and 16-year-old Lance Kirklin. The three friends had been ascending the staircase directly below the shooters. Kirklin later reported seeing Klebold and Harris standing at the top of the staircase, before opening fire. All three youths were shot and wounded.[31] Harris and Klebold turned and began shooting west in the direction of five students sitting on the grassy hillside adjacent to the steps and opposite the West Entrance of the school.[32] 15-year-old Michael Johnson was hit in the face, leg and arm, but ran and escaped; 16-year-old Mark Taylor was shot in the chest, arms and leg and fell to the ground, where he feigned death. The other three escaped uninjured.[28]
Klebold walked down the steps toward the cafeteria. He shot Kirklin in the face, critically wounding him. Daniel Rohrbough and Sean Graves had descended the staircase when Klebold and Harris's attention was diverted by the students on the grass; Graves had crawled into the doorway of the cafeteria's west entrance and collapsed. Klebold shot Rohrbough through the upper left chest at close range, killing him and then stepped over the injured Sean Graves to enter the cafeteria. Officials speculated that Klebold went to the cafeteria to check on the propane bombs. Harris shot down the steps at several students sitting near the cafeteria's entrance, severely wounding and partially paralyzing 17-year-old Anne-Marie Hochhalter[33] as she tried to flee. Klebold came out of the cafeteria and went back up the stairs to join Harris.[28]
They shot toward students standing close to a soccer field, but did not hit anyone. They walked toward the West Entrance, throwing pipe bombs, very few of which detonated.[8] Patti Nielson, a teacher, had noticed the commotion and walked toward the West Entrance with a 16-year-old student, Brian Anderson. She had intended to walk outside to tell the two students to "Knock it off,"[34] thinking Klebold and Harris were either filming a video or pulling a student prank. As Anderson opened the first set of double doors, Harris and Klebold shot out the windows, injuring him with flying glass and hitting Nielson in the shoulder with shrapnel. Nielson stood and ran back down the hall into the library, alerting the students inside to the danger and telling them to get under desks and keep silent. She dialed 9-1-1 and hid under the library's administrative counter.[8] Anderson remained behind, caught between the exterior and interior doors.
Police response 11:22 a.m.
At 11:22, the custodian called Deputy Neil Gardner on the school radio, requesting assistance in the Senior parking lot. The only paved route took him around the school to the east and south on Pierce Street, where, at 11:23 he heard on his police radio that a female was down, struck by a car, he assumed. He turned on his lights and siren. While exiting his patrol car in the Senior lot at 11:24, he heard another call on the school radio, "Neil, there's a shooter in the school".[27] Harris, at the West Entrance, immediately fired his rifle at Gardner, who was sixty yards away.[27] Gardner returned fire with his service pistol.[35] He was not wearing his prescription eyeglasses, and was unable to hit the shooters.[36]
Thus, five minutes after the shooting started, and two minutes after the first radio call, Gardner was engaged in a gun fight with the student shooters. There were already two dead and ten wounded. Harris fired ten shots and Gardner fired four, before Harris ducked back into the building. No one was hit. Gardner reported on his police radio, "Shots in the building. I need someone in the south lot with me."[27]
The gunfight distracted Harris and Klebold from the injured Brian Anderson.[8] Anderson escaped to the library and hid inside an open staff break room. Back in the school, the duo moved along the main North Hallway, throwing pipe bombs and shooting at anyone they encountered. They shot Stephanie Munson in the ankle, although she was able to walk out of the school. The pair shot out the windows to the East Entrance of the school. After proceeding through the hall several times and shooting toward—and missing—any students they saw, Harris and Klebold went toward the West Entrance and turned into the Library Hallway.
Deputy Paul Smoker, a motorcycle patrolman for the Jefferson County Sheriff's Office, was writing a traffic ticket north of the school when the "female down" call came in at 11:23. Taking the shortest route, he drove his motorcycle over grass between the athletic fields and headed toward the West Entrance. When he saw Deputy Scott Taborsky following him in a patrol car, he abandoned his motorcycle for the safety of the car. The two deputies had begun to rescue two wounded students near the ball fields when another gunfight broke out at 11:26, between Harris, back at the West Entrance, and Gardner, still in the parking lot. Deputy Smoker returned fire from the hilltop, and Harris retreated. Again, no one was hit.[28]
Meanwhile, William David Sanders, a computer and business teacher and a varsity coach,[37] had evacuated the cafeteria, taking students up a staircase leading to the second floor of the school.[8] The stairs were located around the corner from the Library Hallway in the main South Hallway. (It is believed, but not confirmed, that having evacuated the cafeteria, Sanders was rushing toward the library to evacuate students there when he encountered Harris and Klebold.) As Sanders and a student walked down the Library Hallway, they encountered Harris and Klebold, who were approaching from the corner of the North Hallway. Sanders and the student turned and ran in the opposite direction.[38] Harris and Klebold shot at them both, hitting Sanders twice in the chest but missing the student. The latter ran into a science classroom and warned everyone to hide. Harris and Klebold returned up the North Hallway.
Sanders struggled toward the science area, and a teacher took him into a classroom where 30 students were located. They placed a sign in the window: "1 bleeding to death," in order to alert police and medical personnel of Sanders' location. Two students administered first aid to him and tried to stem the blood loss using shirts from students in the room. Using a phone in the room, the teacher and several students kept in contact with police outside the school. All the students in this room were evacuated safely, but Sanders died that afternoon at approximately 3:00 p.m.[8] He was the only teacher killed in the school shooting.
Library massacre 11:29 a.m. to 11:36 a.m.
As the shooting unfolded, Patti Nielson talked on the phone with emergency services, telling her story and urging students to take cover beneath desks.[8] According to transcripts, her call was received by a 9-1-1 operator at 11:25:05 a.m. The time between the call being answered and the shooters entering the library was four minutes and ten seconds. Before entering, the shooters threw two bombs into the cafeteria, both of which exploded. They then threw another bomb into the Library Hallway; it exploded and damaged several lockers. At 11:29 a.m., Harris and Klebold entered the library, where a total of 52 students, two teachers and two librarians had concealed themselves.[8]
Harris yelled, "Get up!," in a tone so loud that he can be heard on Patti Nielson's 9-1-1 recording at 11:29:18.[39] Klebold yelled, "Everybody get up!" Staff and students hiding in the library exterior rooms later said they also heard the gunmen say:

"Everyone with white hats, stand up! This is for all the shit that you've given us for the past four years!" and: "All jocks stand up! We'll get the guys in white hats!"
(Wearing a white baseball cap at Columbine was a tradition among sports team members.)[8] When no one stood up, Harris said, "Fine, I'll start shooting anyway!" He fired his shotgun twice at a desk, not knowing that a student named Evan Todd was hiding beneath it. Todd was hit by wood splinters but was not seriously injured.
The shooters walked to the opposite side of the library, to two rows of computers. Todd hid behind the administrative counter. Kyle Velasquez, 16, was sitting at the north row of computers; police later said he had not hidden underneath the desk when Klebold and Harris had first entered the library, but had curled up under the computer table. Klebold shot and killed Velasquez, hitting him in the head and back. Klebold and Harris put down their ammunition-filled duffel bags at the south—or lower—row of computers and reloaded their weapons. They walked back toward the windows facing the outside staircase. Noticing police evacuating students outside the school, Harris said: "Let's go kill some cops." He and Klebold began to shoot out the windows in the direction of the police, who returned fire.[28][40]

Injuries and deaths in the library
13. Evan Todd, age 15. Sustained minor injuries from the splintering of a desk he was hiding under.
14. Kyle Velasquez, age 16. Killed by gunshot wounds to the head and back.
15. Patrick Ireland, age 17. Shot in the arm, leg, head and foot.
16. Daniel Steepleton, age, 17. Shot in the thigh.
17. Makai Hall, age 18. Shot in the knee.
18. Steven Curnow, age 14. Killed by a shot to the neck.
19. Kacey Ruegsegger, age 17. Shot in the hand, arm and shoulder.
20. Cassie Bernall, age 17. Killed by a shotgun wound to the head.
21. Isaiah Shoels, age 18. Killed by a shot to the chest.
22. Matthew Kechter, age 16. Killed by a shot to the chest.
23. Lisa Kreutz, age 18. Shot in the shoulder, hand, arms and thigh.
24. Valeen Schnurr, age 18. Injured with wounds to the chest, arms and abdomen.
25. Mark Kintgen, age 17. Shot in the head and shoulder.
26. Lauren Townsend, age 18. Killed by multiple gunshot wounds to the head, chest and lower body.
27. Nicole Nowlen, age 16. Shot in the abdomen.
28. John Tomlin, age 16. Killed by multiple shots to the head and neck.
29. Kelly Fleming, age 16. Killed by a shotgun wound to the back.
30. Jeanna Park, age 18. Shot in the knee, shoulder and foot.
31. Daniel Mauser, age 15. Killed by a single shot to the face.
32. Jennifer Doyle, age 17. Shot in the hand, leg and shoulder.
33. Austin Eubanks, age 17. Shot in the head and knee.
34. Corey DePooter, age 17. Killed by shots to the chest and neck.
After firing through the windows at evacuating students and the police, Klebold fired his shotgun at a nearby table, injuring three students named Patrick Ireland, Daniel Steepleton, and Makai Hall.[8] He removed his trench coat. As Klebold fired at the three, Harris grabbed his shotgun and walked toward the lower row of computer desks, firing a single shot under the first desk without looking. He hit 14-year-old Steven Curnow with a mortal wound to the neck. Harris shot under the adjacent computer desk, injuring 17-year-old Kacey Ruegsegger in the hand, arm and shoulder. When she started gasping in pain, Harris told her to "quit your bitching".
Harris walked over to the table across from the lower computer row, slapped the surface twice and knelt, saying "Peek-a-boo" to 17-year-old Cassie Bernall before shooting her once in the head, killing her instantly.[41] Harris had been holding the shotgun with one hand at this point and the weapon hit his face in recoil, breaking his nose. Three students who witnessed Bernall's death, including one who had been hiding beneath the table with her, have testified that Bernall did not exchange words with Harris after his initial taunt.[42]
After fatally shooting Bernall, Harris turned toward the next table, where Bree Pasquale sat next to the table rather than under it. Harris asked Pasquale if she wanted to die, and she responded with a plea for her life. Witnesses later reported that Harris seemed disoriented — possibly from the heavily bleeding wound to his nose. As Harris taunted Pasquale, Klebold noted Ireland trying to provide aid to Hall, who had suffered a wound to his knee. As Ireland tried to help Hall, his head rose above the table; Klebold shot him a second time, hitting him twice in the head and once in the foot.[8] He was knocked unconscious, but survived.
Klebold walked toward another set of tables, where he discovered 18-year-old Isaiah Shoels and 16-year-olds Matthew Kechter and Craig Scott (the younger brother of Rachel Scott), hiding under one table. All three were popular athletes. Klebold tried to pull Shoels out from under the table. He called to Harris, shouting, "Reb! There's a nigger over here". Harris left Pasquale and joined him. Klebold and Harris taunted Shoels for a few seconds, making derogatory racial comments.[8] Harris knelt down and shot Shoels once in the chest at close range, killing him. Klebold also knelt down and opened fire, hitting and killing Kechter. Scott was uninjured; he lay in the blood of his friends, feigning death.[8] Harris turned and threw a CO2 bomb at the table where Hall, Steepleton, and Ireland were located. It landed on Steepleton's thigh, and Hall quickly threw it away.
Harris walked toward the bookcases between the west and center section of tables in the library. He jumped on one and shook it, then shot in an unknown direction within that general area. Klebold walked through the main area, past the first set of bookcases, the central desk area and a second set of bookcases into the east area. Harris walked from the bookcase he had shot from, past the central area to meet Klebold. The latter shot at a display case located next to the door, then turned and shot toward the closest table, hitting and injuring 17-year-old Mark Kintgen in the head and shoulder. He turned toward the table to his left and fired, injuring 18-year-olds Lisa Kreutz and Valeen Schnurr with the same shotgun bullet. Klebold then moved toward the same table and fired with the TEC-9, killing 18-year-old Lauren Townsend.
Harris approached another table where two girls had hidden. He bent down to look at them and dismissed them as "pathetic".[43] The two shooters approached an empty table where they reloaded their weapons. Schnurr, who had been badly wounded by gunshot wounds and shrapnel,[44] began to cry out, "Oh, God help me!" Klebold approached her and asked her if she believed in God. Schnurr first replied "no" and then "yes", in an attempt to appease Klebold. In response, Klebold asked her why; she said that it was what her family believed. He taunted her, reloaded his shotgun, then walked away. The slightly injured Todd also reported that at this point, Klebold had said, "God is gay." (The exchange between Schnurr and Klebold was subsequently, and incorrectly, attributed to the verbal exchange between Harris and Cassie Bernall.)[45]
Harris then moved to another table where he fired twice, injuring 16-year-olds Nicole Nowlen and John Tomlin. When Tomlin attempted to move away from the table, Klebold kicked him. Harris then taunted Tomlin's attempt at escape before Klebold shot the youth repeatedly, killing him. Harris then walked back over to the other side of the table where Lauren Townsend lay dead. Behind the table, a 16-year-old girl named Kelly Fleming had, like Bree Pasquale, sat next to the table rather than beneath it due to a lack of space. Harris shot Fleming with his shotgun, hitting her in the back and killing her instantly. He shot at the table behind Fleming, hitting Townsend and Kreutz again, and wounding 18-year-old Jeanna Park. An autopsy later revealed that Townsend died from the earlier gunshots by Klebold.
The shooters moved to the center of the library, where they continued to reload their weapons at a table there. Harris noticed a student hiding nearby and asked him to identify himself. It was John Savage, an acquaintance of Klebold's. Savage said his name and asked Klebold what they were doing, to which he answered, "Oh, just killing people." Savage asked if they were going to kill him. Possibly because of a fire alarm, Klebold said, "What?" Savage asked again whether they were going to kill him. Klebold hesitated, then told him to leave. Savage fled immediately, and escaped through the library's main entrance.
After Savage had left, Harris turned and fired his carbine at the table directly north of where they'd been, grazing the ear of the 15-year-old Daniel Mauser. Harris fired again and hit Mauser in the face at close range, killing him. Both shooters moved south and fired randomly under another table, critically injuring two 17-year-olds, Jennifer Doyle and Austin Eubanks, and fatally wounding 17-year-old Corey DePooter. DePooter, the last to die in the massacre, at 11:35, was later credited with having kept his friends calm during the ordeal.[28][46]
There were no further injuries after 11:35 a.m. They had killed 10 people in the library and wounded 12. Of the 56 library hostagees, 34 remained unharmed. The shooters had enough ammunition to have killed them all.[28]
At this point, several witnesses later said they heard Harris and Klebold comment that they no longer found a thrill in shooting their victims. Klebold was quoted as saying, "Maybe we should start knifing people, that might be more fun." (Both youths were equipped with knives.) They moved away from the table and went toward the library's main counter. Harris threw a Molotov cocktail toward the southwestern end of the library but it failed to explode. Harris went around the east side of the counter and Klebold joined him from the west; they converged close to where Todd had moved after having been wounded. Harris and Klebold mocked Todd, who was wearing a white (jock) hat. When the shooters demanded to see his face, Todd partly lifted his hat so his face would remain obscured. When Klebold asked Todd to give him one reason why he should not kill him, Todd said: "I don't want trouble." Klebold said, "You [Todd] used to call me a fag. Who's a fag now?!" The shooters continued to taunt Todd and debated killing him, but they eventually walked away.
Harris's nose was bleeding heavily, which may have caused him to decide to leave the library. Klebold turned and fired a single shot into an open library staff break room, hitting a small television. He slammed a chair down on top of the computer terminal on the library counter, directly above the bureau where Patti Nielson had hidden.

 

 An FBI diagram of the library at Columbine High School, depicting the location of the fatalities
The two walked out of the library at 11:36 a.m., ending the hostage situation there. Cautiously, fearing the shooters' return, 34 uninjured and 10 injured survivors began to evacuate the library through the north door, which led to the sidewalk adjacent to the West Entrance. Patrick Ireland, unconscious, and Lisa Kreutz, unable to move, remained in the building.[47] Patti Nielson joined Brian Anderson and the three library staff in the exterior break room, into which Klebold had earlier fired shots. They locked themselves in and remained there until they were freed, at approximately 3:30 p.m.
For the next 32 minutes, Harris and Klebold wandered the building, firing guns and setting off bombs, but causing no further injury. They committed suicide at 12:08, two minutes after the first SWAT team entered the building, but this fact was not discovered for more than three hours.[48]
Suicide of the perpetrators
After leaving the library, Harris and Klebold entered the science area, where they threw a small fire bomb into an empty storage closet. It caused a fire which was put out by a teacher hidden in an adjacent room. The duo proceeded toward the south hallway, where they shot into an empty science room. At approximately 11:44 a.m., Harris and Klebold were captured on the school security cameras as they re-entered the cafeteria.[8] The recording shows Harris kneeling on the landing and firing a single shot toward one of the propane bombs he and Klebold had earlier left in the cafeteria, in an unsuccessful attempt to detonate it. He took a sip from one of the drinks left behind as Klebold approached the propane bomb and examined it. Klebold lit a Molotov cocktail and threw it at the propane bomb. As the two left the cafeteria, the Molotov cocktail exploded, partially detonating one of the propane bombs at 11:46 a.m.[49] Two minutes later, approximately one gallon of fuel ignited in the same vicinity, causing a fire that was extinguished by the fire sprinklers.[50]
After leaving the cafeteria, the duo returned to the main north and south hallways of the school, shooting aimlessly. Harris and Klebold walked through the south hallway into the main office before returning to the north hallway. On several occasions, the pair looked through the windows of classroom doors, making eye contact with students hidden inside, but neither Harris nor Klebold tried to enter any of the rooms. After leaving the main office, Harris and Klebold walked toward a bathroom, where they taunted students hidden inside, making such comments as: "We know you're in there" and "Let's kill anyone we find in here." Neither attempted to enter the bathroom. At 11:55 a.m., the two returned to the cafeteria, where they briefly entered the school kitchen. They returned up the staircase and into the south hallway at 11:58 a.m.

Suicide of perpetrators
35. Eric Harris, age 18. Committed suicide by a single shot to the mouth.
36. Dylan Klebold, age 17. Committed suicide by a single shot to the head.
At 12:02 p.m., Harris and Klebold re-entered the library, which was empty of surviving students except the unconscious Patrick Ireland and the injured Lisa Kreutz. Once inside, they shot at police through the west windows but did not hit anyone.
At approximately 12:08 p.m, Patti Nielson, who had locked herself inside a break room with a student and library staff, overheard Harris and Klebold suddenly shout in unison: "One! Two! Three!" These words were followed by the sound of gunfire.[51] Both had committed suicide: Harris by firing his shotgun through the roof of his mouth; Klebold by shooting himself in the left temple with his TEC-9 semi-automatic handgun.
Patrick Ireland had regained and lost consciousness several times after being shot by Klebold. He crawled to the library windows where, at 2:38 p.m., he stretched out the window, falling into the arms of two SWAT team members standing on the roof of an emergency vehicle. They were later criticized for allowing Ireland to drop more than seven feet to the ground, while doing nothing to try to ensure he could be lowered to the ground safely or break his fall. 18-year-old Lisa Kreutz, shot in the shoulder, arms, hand and thigh, remained in the library. In a subsequent interview, she recalled hearing a comment such as, "You in the library," around the time of Eric Harris and Dylan Klebold's suicides. Kreutz lay in the library, keeping track of time by the sound of the school's bells, until police arrived. She had tried to move but became light-headed.[8] She was finally evacuated at 3:22 pm, along with Ms. Nielson, Brian Anderson and the three library staff who had hidden in the break room.

 

 Patrick Ireland is evacuated by SWAT team members after the suicide of Klebold and Harris
The crisis ends
By noon, SWAT teams were stationed outside the school, and ambulances started taking the wounded to local hospitals. Meanwhile, families of students and staff were asked to gather at nearby Leawood Elementary School to await information.
A call for additional ammunition for police officers in case of a shootout came at 12:20 p.m. The killers had ceased shooting just minutes earlier. Authorities reported pipe bombs by 1:00 p.m., and two SWAT teams entered the school at 1:09 p.m., moving from classroom to classroom, discovering hidden students and faculty.[8] All students, teachers, and school employees were taken away, questioned, and offered medical care in small holding areas before being bussed to meet with their family members at Leawood Elementary. Officials found the bodies in the library by 3:30 p.m.[52]
By 4:00 p.m. the sheriff made an initial estimate of 25 dead students and teachers. The estimate was ten over the true count, but close to the total count of wounded students. He said that police officers were searching the bodies of Harris and Klebold. At 4:30 p.m. the school was declared safe. At 5:30 p.m. additional officers were called in, as more explosives were found in the parking lot and on the roof. By 6:15 p.m., officials had found a bomb in Klebold's car in the parking lot. The sheriff decided to mark the entire school as a crime scene; thirteen of the dead, including the shooters, were still inside the school at the time. At 10:45 p.m. the bomb in the car detonated when an officer tried to defuse it. The car was damaged, but no one was injured.
The total count of deaths was twelve students and one teacher; twenty-four students were injured as a result of the shootings. Three more were injured indirectly as they tried to escape the school. Harris and Klebold are thought to have committed suicide about forty-five minutes after they started the massacre.
Immediate aftermath
On April 21, bomb squads combed the high school. At 10:00 a.m., the bomb squad declared the building safe for officials to enter. By 11:30 a.m., a spokesman of the sheriff declared the investigation underway. Thirteen of the bodies were still inside the high school as investigators photographed the building.
At 2:30 p.m., a press conference was held by Jefferson County District Attorney David Thomas and Sheriff John Stone, at which they said that they suspected others had helped plan the shooting. Formal identification of the dead had not yet taken place, but families of the children thought to have been killed had been notified. Throughout the late afternoon and early evening, the bodies were gradually removed from the school and taken to the Jefferson County Coroner's Office to be identified and autopsied. By 5:00 p.m., the names of many of the dead were known. An official statement was released, saying there were 15 confirmed deaths and 27 injuries related to the massacre.
On April 30, high-ranking officials of Jefferson County and the Jefferson County Sheriff's Office met to decide if they should reveal that Michael Guerra, a Sheriff's Office detective, had drafted an affidavit for a search warrant of Harris's residence a year before the shootings, based on his previous investigation of Harris's website and activities. They decided not to disclose this information at a press conference held on April 30, nor did they mention it in any other way. Over the next two years, Guerra's original draft and investigative file documents were lost. Their loss was termed "troubling" by a Grand Jury convened after the file's existence was reported in April 2001.[53]
In the months following the shooting, considerable media attention focused upon Cassie Bernall, who had been killed by Eric Harris in the library and who Harris was reported to have asked, "Do you believe in God?," immediately prior to her murder. Bernall was reported to have responded "Yes" before being killed. Valeen Schnurr claims that this exchange was with her, and Emily Wyant, the only living witness to Bernall's death, confirms that Bernall did not have the discussion. But Bernall and Rachel Scott came to be regarded as Christian martyrs by Evangelical Christians.[54] The official investigation attributed the statement to survivor Valeen Schnurr.[55] The student Joshua Lapp thought Bernall had been queried about her belief, but was unable to correctly point out where Bernall was located, and was closer to Schnurr during the shootings. Another witness, Craig Scott, whose sister Rachel Scott was also portrayed as a Christian martyr, claimed that the discussion was with Bernall. When asked to indicate where the conversation had been coming from, he pointed to where Schnurr was shot.[citation needed]
The search for rationale
In the aftermath, speculation occurred about the killers' motivation and whether the murders could have been prevented. Unlike many previous school shootings, as both shooters committed suicide, the massacre was particularly difficult to assess.
In their investigation into how Harris and Klebold had acquired their firearms, police learned they had acquired one through a friend Mark Manes. Manes and Philip Duran, who had introduced the duo to Manes,[56] were eventually prosecuted for their roles in supplying guns to Harris and Klebold.[57] Each was charged with supplying a handgun to a minor and possession of a sawed-off shotgun. Manes and Duran were sentenced to a total of six years and four-and-a-half years in prison, respectively.[58]
Bullying
The link between bullying and school violence has attracted increasing attention since the 1999 attack at Columbine High School. Both of the shooters were classified as gifted children and had allegedly been victims of bullying for four years. A year later, an analysis by officials at the US Secret Service of 37 premeditated school shootings found that bullying, which some of the shooters described "in terms that approached torment," played the major role in more than two-thirds of the attacks.[59] A similar theory was expounded by Brooks Brown in his book on the massacre; he noted that teachers commonly looked the other way when confronted with bullying.[29]
Early stories following the shootings charged that school administrators and teachers at Columbine had long condoned a climate of bullying by the so-called jocks or athletes, allowing an atmosphere of intimidation and resentment to fester. Critics said this could have contributed to triggering the perpetrators' extreme violence.[60] Reportedly, homophobic remarks were directed at Klebold and Harris.[61]
One author has strongly disputed the theory of "revenge for bullying" as a motivation for the actions of Harris and Klebold. David Cullen, author of the 2009 book Columbine, while acknowledging the pervasiveness of bullying in high schools including Columbine, has claimed that the two were not victims of bullying. Cullen said that Harris was more often the perpetrator than victim of bullying.[62]
Psychopathy and depression
In July 1999, the FBI organized a major summit on school shooters in Leesburg, Virginia. Attending were psychologists, psychiatrists, and representatives from recent school shootings, including a large Columbine contingent. Attorney General Janet Reno attended. The FBI eventually published a major report on school shooters, though it did not pinpoint the causes of any individual case.[63]
On the fifth anniversary of Columbine, the FBI's lead Columbine investigator and several psychiatrists published their conclusions in a news article.[64] They said Harris was a clinical psychopath and Klebold was depressive. They believed Harris had been the mastermind, having a messianic-level superiority complex, and hoped to demonstrate his superiority to the world.
The attack was the culmination of more than a year of planning, firearms acquisition, and bomb building. Harris's journals, in particular, show methodical preparation over a long period of time, including several experimental bomb detonations.[65][66] The massacre was anything but a failure of impulse control.
For prior behavioral issues, Harris had been prescribed the SSRI antidepressant Fluvoxamine.[67] Toxicology reports confirmed that Harris had Fluvoxamine in his bloodstream at the time of the shootings.[68]
Video games
Main article: Video game controversy
Jerald Block, a US psychiatrist, has differed with the FBI opinion of psychopathology and depression, arguing that the killers' actions are not well explained by such diagnoses. Rather, he believes that the students' immersion in video games caused them to feel most gratified while playing in a virtual world.
Both Harris and Klebold were fans of video games such as Doom and Wolfenstein 3D. Harris often created levels for Doom that were widely distributed; these can still be found on the Internet as the Harris levels. Rumors that the layout of these levels resembled that of Columbine High School circulated, but appear to be untrue.[69] Harris spent a great deal of time creating another large mod, named Tier, calling it his "life's work."[70] The mod was uploaded to the Columbine school computer and to AOL shortly before the attack, but appears to have been lost. One researcher argued that it is almost certain the Tier mod included a mock-up of Columbine High School.[11]
Following their January 1998 arrest for theft, both youths had computer access restricted. Block believes that their personal anger, which was initially projected into video games, was now unleashed into the real world. In addition, the restriction of their computer access opened up substantial amounts of idle time that would have otherwise gone towards their online activities. Block said Harris and Klebold increasingly used this free time to express their anger, with their antisocial tendencies likewise increasing. This, in turn, generated further restrictions. Ultimately, after the 1998 arrest and their being banned from personal computer access for approximately one month, the two teens became homicidal and began documenting plans to attack the school. Block writes that the plan to attack the school first appears in Klebold's writings, and that Klebold may have considered using a different partner-in-crime than Harris. This person's name was redacted from Klebold's journal by police.[11]
Parents of some of the victims filed several unsuccessful lawsuits against video game manufacturers.[71][72] Harris and Klebold were fans of the movie Natural Born Killers, and used the film's acronym, NBK, as a code in their home videos and journals.[11]
See also: Super Columbine Massacre RPG! and List of alleged Natural Born Killers copycat crimes#Columbine High School massacre
Other factors explored
Social climate
During and after the initial investigations, social cliques within high schools were widely discussed. One perception formed was that both Klebold and Harris had been isolated from their classmates, prompting feelings of helplessness, insecurity, and depression, as well as a strong need for attention. This concept has been questioned, as both Harris and Klebold had a close circle of friends and a wider informal social group.[57]
Goth subculture
In the weeks following the Columbine shootings, media reports about Harris and Klebold portrayed them as part of a Gothic cult. An increased suspicion of Gothic subculture subsequently manifested.[73] Harris and Klebold had initially been thought to be members of "The Trenchcoat Mafia;" an informal club within Columbine High School. Later, such characterizations were considered incorrect.[74]
Music
Blame for the shootings was directed on a number of metal or 'dark music' bands such as KMFDM and Rammstein.[75] The majority of that blame was directed at Marilyn Manson and his eponymous band.[76][77] After being linked by news outlets and pundits with sensationalist headlines such as "Killers Worshipped Rock Freak Manson" and "Devil-Worshipping Maniac Told Kids To Kill,"[78][79] many came to believe that Manson's music and imagery were, indeed, Harris and Klebold's sole motivation,[80] despite later reports that the two were not fans.[81][82]
In the immediate aftermath, the band canceled the remaining North American dates of their Rock Is Dead Tour out of respect for the victims, while steadfastly maintaining that music, movies, books or video games were not to blame. Manson stated:[83][84][85][86]
“ The [news] media has unfairly scapegoated the music industry and so-called Goth kids and has speculated, with no basis in truth, that artists like myself are in some way to blame. This tragedy was a product of ignorance, hatred and an access to guns. I hope the [news] media's irresponsible finger-pointing doesn't create more discrimination against kids who look different.[83] ”
On May 1, 1999, Manson expanded his rebuttal to the accusations leveled at him and his band in his Rolling Stone magazine op-ed piece, "Columbine: Whose Fault Is It?" He castigated the ensuing hysteria and moral panic and criticized the news media for their irresponsible coverage; he chastised America's habit of hanging blame on scapegoats to escape responsibility.[87][88][89] Columbine and America's fixation on a culture of guns, blame, and 'celebrity by death' was further explored in the group's 2000 album Holy Wood.
In 2002, Manson appeared in Michael Moore's documentary, Bowling for Columbine; his appearance was filmed during the band's first show in Denver since the shooting. When Moore asked Manson what he would have said to the students at Columbine, he replied, "I wouldn't say a single word to them. I would listen to what they have to say and that's what no one did."[90]
Sascha Konietzko of KMFDM said their music denounced "war, oppression, fascism and violence against others."[75]
Harris and Klebold as modern revolutionaries
Nick Turse ascribed a revolutionary motive to the actions of Harris and Klebold. He wrote, "Who would not concede that terrorizing the American machine, at the very site where it exerts its most powerful influence, is a truly revolutionary task? To be inarticulate about your goals, even to not understand them, does not negate their existence. Approve or disapprove of their methods, vilify them as miscreants, but don’t dare disregard these modern radicals as anything less than the latest incarnation of disaffected insurgents waging the ongoing American revolution."[91] Historian David Farber of Temple University wrote that Turse's assertion "only makes sense in an academic culture in which transgression is by definition political and in which any rage against society can be considered radical."[92]
Choice of date
Due to ambiguities in the written record of the students' planning, various theories have formed about their choice of date for the shootings. One theory says the original date was April 19, as Robyn Anderson (a close friend of Klebold who purchased some of the weaponry used) would not be present on that date.[citation needed] Due to delays in the manufacturing of the propane bombs and in acquiring ammunition, they moved the date to April 20. As April 19 was the fourth anniversary of the Oklahoma City bombing and the date of the immolation of the Waco Siege, it seemed to support the theory saying it was the intended date. Both Harris and Klebold had said in their homemade videos that they had hoped to surpass the earlier events by their actions.
The date of the shooting happened to be the birthday of Adolf Hitler, leading some journalists to speculate that Harris and Klebold were Neo-Nazis.[75]
Impact on school policies
Secret Service report on school shootings
A United States Secret Service study concluded that schools were placing false hope in physical security, when they should be paying more attention to the pre-attack behaviors of students. Zero-tolerance policies and metal detectors "are unlikely to be helpful," the Secret Service researchers found. The researchers focused on questions concerning the reliance on SWAT teams when most attacks are over before police arrive, profiling of students who show warning signs in the absence of a definitive profile, expulsion of students for minor infractions when expulsion is the spark that push some to return to school with a gun, buying software not based on school shooting studies to evaluate threats although killers rarely make direct threats, and reliance on metal detectors and police officers in schools when the shooters often make no effort to conceal their weapons.[93]
In May 2002, the Secret Service published a report that examined 37 US school shootings. They had the following findings:
Incidents of targeted violence at school were rarely sudden, impulsive acts.
Prior to most incidents, other people knew about the attacker's idea and/or plan to attack.
Most attackers did not threaten their targets directly prior to advancing the attack.
There is no accurate or useful profile of students who engaged in targeted school violence.
Most attackers engaged in some behavior prior to the incident that caused others concern or indicated a need for help.
Most attackers had difficulty coping with significant losses or personal failures. Moreover, many had considered or attempted suicide.
Many attackers felt bullied, persecuted, or injured by others prior to the attack.
Most attackers had access to and had used weapons prior to the attack.
In many cases, other students were involved in some capacity.
Despite prompt law enforcement responses, most shooting incidents were stopped by means other than law enforcement intervention.[94]
School security
Following the Columbine shooting, schools across the United States instituted new security measures such as see-through backpacks, metal detectors, school uniforms, and security guards. Some schools implemented school door numbering to improve public safety response. Several schools throughout the country resorted to requiring students to wear computer-generated IDs.[95] At the same time, police departments reassessed their tactics and now train for Columbine-like situations after criticism over the slow response and progress of the SWAT teams during the shooting.[96]
Anti-bullying policies
In response to expressed concerns over the causes of the Columbine High School massacre and other school shootings, some schools have renewed existing anti-bullying policies, in addition to adopting a zero tolerance approach to possession of weapons and threatening behavior by students.[97] Despite the Columbine incident, several social science experts feel the zero tolerance approach adopted in schools has been implemented too harshly, with unintended consequences creating other problems.[98]
Long-term results
Police tactics
One significant change to police tactics following Columbine is the introduction of the Immediate Action Rapid Deployment tactic, used in situations with an active shooter. Police followed the traditional tactic at Columbine: surround the building, set up a perimeter, contain the damage. That approach has been replaced by a tactic which takes into account the presence of an active shooter whose interest is to kill, not to take hostages. This tactic calls for a four-person team to advance into the site of any ongoing shooting, optimally a diamond-shaped wedge, but even with just a single officer if more are not available. Police officers using this tactic are trained to move toward the sound of gunfire and neutralize the shooter as quickly as possible.[99] Their goal is to stop the shooter at all costs; they are to walk past wounded victims, as the aim is to prevent the shooter from killing or wounding more. David Cullen, author of Columbine, has stated: "The active protocol has proved successful at numerous shootings during the past decade. At Virginia Tech alone, it probably saved dozens of lives."[100]
Gun control

 

 The HOPE Columbine Memorial Library that replaced the library where most of the massacre took place
The shooting resulted in calls for more gun control measures. In 2000 federal and state legislation was introduced that would require safety locks on firearms as well as ban the importation of high-capacity ammunition magazines. Though laws were passed that made it a crime to buy guns for criminals and minors, there was considerable controversy over legislation pertaining to background checks at gun shows. There was concern in the gun lobby over restrictions on Second Amendment rights in the US.[101][102] In 2001, K-Mart, which had sold ammunition to the shooters, announced it would no longer sell handgun ammunition. This action was encouraged by and documented in the film Bowling for Columbine.
Memorials
In 2000 youth advocate Melissa Helmbrecht organized a remembrance event in Denver featuring two surviving students, called the "Day of Hope."[103][104]
A permanent memorial "to honor and remember the victims of the April 20, 1999 shootings at Columbine High School" was dedicated on September 21, 2007, in Clement Park, a meadow adjacent to the school where impromptu memorials were held in the days following the shooting. The memorial fund raised $1.5 million in donations over eight years of planning.[105]

 

 The Columbine memorial
Becoming part of the vernacular
Since the shooting, "Columbine" or "the Columbine incident" has become a euphemism for a school shooting. Charles Andrew Williams, the Santana High School shooter, reportedly told his friends that he was going to "pull a Columbine," though none of them took him seriously. Many foiled school shooting plots mentioned Columbine and the desire to "outdo Harris and Klebold."[106] Convicted students Brian Draper and Torey Adamcik of Pocatello High School in Idaho, who murdered their classmate Cassie Jo Stoddart, mentioned Harris and Klebold in their homemade videos, and were reportedly planning a "Columbine-like" shooting.[107]
In a self-made video recording posted by Seung-Hui Cho to the news media immediately prior to his committing the Virginia Tech massacre,[108] Seung-Hui refers the Columbine Massacre in an apparent reference to his motivation for his own acts. In the recording, he refers to Klebold and Harris as being "martyrs."[109]
See also

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1966 University of Texas massacre
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List of attacks related to primary schools
List of school-related attacks
List of school shootings in the United States
Port Arthur massacre
 
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105.Jump up ^ "Columbine Memorial —Overview". The Foothills Foundation. Retrieved May 6, 2008.
106.Jump up ^ "Santee, Columbine, and other school shootings". mayhem.net.
107.Jump up ^ "STODDART v. POCATELLO SCHOOL DIST. # 25 239 P.3d 784 (2010)". Retrieved June 24, 2011.
108.Jump up ^ ABC News Apr. 16, 2009.
109.Jump up ^ "Shooter: "You have blood on your hands"". CNN.
General
Jefferson County Sheriff's Office. The Columbine Report (Columbine documents JC-001-000001 through JC-001-010937, 10,937 pages)[dead link].
Jefferson County Sheriff's Office. Columbine documents JC-001-025923 through JC-001-026859, 946 pages. PDF (32.8 MB) hosted by the Rocky Mountain News.
"Report: 12 killed at Columbine in first 16 minutes"[dead link]. CNN. May 16, 2000.
Further reading
Altheide, David L. "The Columbine Shootings and the Discourse of Fear," American Behavioral Scientist, 52 (June 2009), 1354–70.
Elliot Aronson: Nobody Left to Hate. Teaching Compassion After Columbine. First Owl Books 2001. ISBN 978-0-8050-7099-6.
Kass, Jeff. Columbine: A True Crime Story. Ghost Road Press 2009. ISBN 978-0-9816525-6-6.
Larkin, Ralph W. "The Columbine Legacy. Rampage Shootings as Political Acts", American Behavioral Scientist, 52 (May 2009), 1309–1326.
External links
 Wikimedia Commons has media related to Columbine High School massacre.
Video of the evacuation in progress, Second video of the evacuation (KUSA-TV (9News) news coverage via CNN)
HOPE Columbine Memorial Library
"Columbine High School massacre". Find a Grave. Retrieved August 28, 2010.
Columbine Memorial
FBI file on the Columbine massacre
Jefferson County CO Library – Columbine massacre archives
The Lullaby for Columbine Project
Download 35,000+ pages of official Columbine Documents
A detailed report on crimelibrary.com
Jefferson County Sheriff's Office Report from CNN
Columbine High School Official website
Patricia Nielsen's 9-1-1 call from the Library
Columbine: 10 Years On – slideshow by The First Post
Columbine: Massacre and Aftermath – slideshow by Life
2011 interview with survivor Brooks Brown

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Coordinates: 39°36′12″N 105°04′29″W

 

Categories: Columbine High School massacre
1999 in Colorado
Mass murder in 1999
Murder committed by minors
Murder in Colorado
Murder–suicides in the United States
Presidency of Bill Clinton
School massacres in the United States
School shootings in the United States
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Last One Picked

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

  (Redirected from Hero (Superchick song))
Jump to: navigation, search

Last One Picked
 
Studio album by Superchick

Released
October 8, 2002
Recorded
2002
Genre
Christian rock
Length
43:34
Label
Inpop Records
Producer
Max Hsu
Superchick chronology

Karaoke Superstars
 (2001) Last One Picked
 (2002) Regeneration
 (2003)
 

Professional ratings

Review scores

Source
Rating
Allmusic 3/5 stars [1]
Jesus Freak Hideout 4/5 stars [2]
Last One Picked is the second studio album by the Christian rock band Superchick. The song, "Hero", appeared in the film, To Save a Life. "Na Na" appeared on the Disney film, Confessions of a Teenage Drama Queen.
Track listing[edit]
1."High School"
2."Real"
3."One and Lonely"
4."So Bright (Stand Up)"
5."Hero"
6."Na Na"
7."Song 4 Tricia (Princes & Frogs)"
8."Wonder (If She'll Get It)"
9."I Belong to You"
10."Rock Stars"
11."We All Fall"
References[edit]
1.Jump up ^ Losey. Last One Picked at AllMusic
2.Jump up ^ Jesus Freak Hideout review

[hide]
­v·
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Superchick

 
­Tricia Brock·
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 ­Brandon Estelle·
 ­Brian Fitch·
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Studio albums
­Karaoke Superstars·
 ­Last One Picked·
 ­Beauty from Pain·
 ­Rock What You Got
 
 
Remix albums
­Regeneration·
 ­Reinvention
 
 
Other albums
­Recollection
 
 
Singles
­"Barlow Girls"·
 ­"So Bright (Stand Up)"·
 ­"Hero"·
 ­"Me Against The World"·
 ­"Pure"·
 ­"We Live"·
 ­"Anthem"·
 ­"It's On"·
 ­"Stand in the Rain"·
 ­"Hold"·
 ­"Hey, Hey"·
 ­"Crawl"·
 ­"Let It Roll"·
 ­"Still Here"
 
 
Related
­Discography
 
 
Stub icon This Christian music album-related article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.
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Categories: Christian album stubs
Superchick albums
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Youth of the Nation

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
 
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"Youth of the Nation"
 
Single by P.O.D.

from the album Satellite

Released
December 25, 2001
Format
CD single
Recorded
March 2001
Genre
Rap rock
Alternative rock
Length
4:17 (album version)
Label
Atlantic
Producer
Howard Benson
P.O.D. singles chronology

"Alive"
 (2001) "Youth of the Nation"
 (2001) "Boom"
 (2002)
 
"Youth of the Nation" is a song by American Christian metal band P.O.D.. It was released in December 2001 as the second single to come from their second major label album, Satellite. It was inspired in part by the school shootings at Santana High School and Columbine High School. While Satellite contained numerous hit songs, "Youth of the Nation" was the band's only No. 1 hit on the Modern Rock chart and reached No. 28 on the Billboard Hot 100 and No. 6 on the Mainstream Rock chart. The song was performed in "Weird Al" Yankovic's polka medley "Angry White Boy Polka" from his 2003 album Poodle Hat.

Contents
  [hide] 1 Background
2 Lyrics and song structure
3 Music video
4 Track listing
5 Chart and sales 5.1 Certifications
5.2 Chart successions
6 Awards 6.1 2003 Grammy Awards
6.2 2002 MTV Video Music Awards
7 References
Background[edit]
The song's inspiration stems from a trip when the band was on their way to record for Satellite on March 5, 2001. They were held up in traffic and discovered that the reason was a shooting at Santana High School where a fifteen-year-old student named Charles Andrew Williams killed two and wounded thirteen. The album was consequently delayed, and the band was inspired to write "Youth of the Nation."
In a 2008 interview, guitarist Marcos Curiel described the event:
"We were rehearsing and writing Satellite a couple of blocks away from the school. One day on the way to the studio, there were all these helicopters and cars speeding by. We really didn’t know what was going on. When we got to the studio, this guy had the news on, and he was like, ‘This kid just went and started blasting fools.’ So we started jamming, and that rhythm just naturally came out then Wuv [Bernardo, drummer] put that drumbeat on it, and the song was born."
Curiel added, "When you can hear something that’s going to uplift you like 'Alive' or something that’s going to bring out knowledge like 'Youth of the Nation,' we’ve done our jobs as an artist."[1]
Lyrics and song structure[edit]
"Youth of the Nation" contains three stories of adolescent tragedy in American culture. It begins by describing a teenager unknowingly skating to school only to be shot by a fellow student. Lyrics go on to speculate whether or not the boy who committed the act felt unloved. Following the chorus, a 12-year old girl called "little Suzie" is depicted as having been abandoned by her father and subsequently "finding love in all the wrong places." Finally, another teen known as "Johnny boy" fails to fit in with his peers and ultimately commits suicide by firearm, "[telling] the world how he felt with the sound of a gat." This song is also referenced to what happened to Eric Harris and Dylan Klebold and 13 others at Columbine High School. [2]
With its severe subject matter, "Youth of the Nation" conjures musical despair and desolation. It begins with low guitar notes that echo out broodingly. This pattern continues and is soon followed by a prominently showcased and almost militant drum beat and contemplative bass. Sandoval's rapping details the tragic circumstances in a lamented and anxious delivery. A pre-chorus sees the guitar shift into high, escalating notes that further accent the song's anguish before returning to the initial pattern for the chorus. The bridge features an adolescent choir reciting the chorus, "We are, we are, the youth of the nation" which continues alongside Sandoval as the song comes to an end.[citation needed]
Music video[edit]
The music video for "Youth of the Nation" has the band performing the song in a room filled with photos of adolescents as seen on the single cover. It revolves around a group of teenagers taking a cross country trip in a car from New York City to Venice Beach in Los Angeles via Western Pennsylvania (New Kensington, Arnold, Cheswick, Harmarville) and other locales. The book On the Road by Jack Kerouac can be seen on the dashboard of the car. Directed by Paul Fedor, the video found significant airplay on MTV2.
Marcos Curiel noted that censorship of the video came into play due to Viacom: "We had a girl sitting on the hood of the car going down the highway trying to be free-spirited, you know? [...] But, Viacom and MTV had us edit that out because kids are so easily influenced."[1]
Track listing[edit]
1."Youth Of The Nation" (album version) – 4:18
2."Alive" (Semi-acoustic version) – 3:27
3."Sabbath" – 4:33
Chart and sales[edit]

Chart (2002–2003)
Peak
 position

Australia (ARIA)[3]
17
Austria (Ö3 Austria Top 40)[4]
11
Belgium (Ultratop 50 Flanders)[5]
47
Denmark (Tracklisten)[6]
10
Finland (Suomen virallinen lista)[7]
15
France (SNEP)[8]
72
Germany (Media Control AG)[9]
5
Ireland (IRMA)[10]
20
Italy (FIMI)[11]
13
Netherlands (Dutch Top 40)[12]
27
Norway (VG-lista)[13]
5
Sweden (Sverigetopplistan)[14]
7
Switzerland (Schweizer Hitparade)[15]
16
UK Singles (The Official Charts Company)[16]
36
U.S. Billboard Hot 100[17]
28
U.S. Billboard Hot Mainstream Rock Tracks[17]
6
U.S. Billboard Hot Modern Rock Tracks[18]
1
U.S. Billboard Top 40 Mainstream[17]
18

Certifications[edit]

Country
Certification
Date
Sales certified

Australia[19] Platinum 2002 70,000 +

Chart successions[edit]
Preceded by
"Blurry" by Puddle of Mudd Billboard Modern Rock Tracks number-one single
 March 30 – April 6, 2002 Succeeded by
"The Middle" by Jimmy Eat World
Awards[edit]
2003 Grammy Awards[edit]
Best Hard Rock Performance (nomination)
2002 MTV Video Music Awards[edit]
Best Rock Video (nomination)
References[edit]
1.^ Jump up to: a b Blatt, Mitchell P.O.D. Interview: Back Together, New Album in April Juiced Sports (March 13, 2008). Retrieved on 12-23-11.
2.Jump up ^ Fenell, Zachary Alternative Rock Songs About Suicide Yahoo! (October 11, 2010).
3.Jump up ^ "Australian-charts.com – P.O.D. – Youth of the Nation". ARIA Top 50 Singles. Retrieved November 21, 2011.
4.Jump up ^ "P.O.D. – Youth of the Nation – Austriancharts.at" (in German). Ö3 Austria Top 40. Retrieved November 21, 2011.
5.Jump up ^ "Ultratop.be – P.O.D. – Youth of the Nation" (in Dutch). Ultratop 50. Retrieved November 21, 2011.
6.Jump up ^ "Danishcharts.com – P.O.D. – Youth of the Nation". Tracklisten. Retrieved November 21, 2011.
7.Jump up ^ "P.O.D.: Youth of the Nation" (in Finnish). Musiikkituottajat – IFPI Finland. Retrieved November 21, 2011.
8.Jump up ^ "Lescharts.com – P.O.D. – Youth of the Nation" (in French). Les classement single. Retrieved November 21, 2011.
9.Jump up ^ "Die ganze Musik im Internet: Charts, News, Neuerscheinungen, Tickets, Genres, Genresuche, Genrelexikon, Künstler-Suche, Musik-Suche, Track-Suche, Ticket-Suche – musicline.de" (in German). Media Control Charts. PhonoNet GmbH. Retrieved November 21, 2011.
10.Jump up ^ "Irish Singles Chart – Search for song". Irish Recorded Music Association. Retrieved July 6, 2011.
11.Jump up ^ "Italiancharts.com – P.O.D. – Youth of the Nation". Top Digital Download. Retrieved November 21, 2011.
12.Jump up ^ "Nederlandse Top 40 – P.O.D. search results" (in Dutch) Dutch Top 40. Retrieved November 21, 2011.
13.Jump up ^ "Norwegiancharts.com – P.O.D. – Youth of the Nation". VG-lista. Retrieved November 21, 2011.
14.Jump up ^ "Swedishcharts.com – P.O.D. – Youth of the Nation". Singles Top 60. Retrieved November 21, 2011.
15.Jump up ^ "P.O.D. – Youth of the Nation – swisscharts.com". Swiss Singles Chart. Retrieved November 21, 2011.
16.Jump up ^ "Chart Stats – P.O.D. (UK)". chartstats.com. Archived from the original on July 23, 2012. Retrieved December 21, 2011.
17.^ Jump up to: a b c "P.O.D. > Charts & Awards > Billboard Singles". Allmusic. Rovi Corporation. Retrieved August 23, 2010.
18.Jump up ^ "P.O.D. Album & Song Chart History: Alternative Songs". Billboard. Prometheus Global Media. Retrieved November 30, 2010.
19.Jump up ^ "ARIA Charts – Accreditations – 2002 Singles". Australian Recording Industry Association.

[hide]
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P.O.D.

 
­Sonny Sandoval·
 ­Wuv Bernardo·
 ­Traa Daniels·
 ­Marcos Curiel
 ­Jason Truby·
 ­Gabe Portillo
 
 
Studio albums
­Snuff the Punk·
 ­Brown·
 ­The Fundamental Elements of Southtown·
 ­Satellite·
 ­Payable on Death·
 ­Testify·
 ­When Angels & Serpents Dance·
 ­Murdered Love
 
 
Live albums
­Payable on Death Live·
 ­Rhapsody Originals
 
 
Compilation albums
­Greatest Hits: The Atlantic Years
 
 
Extended plays
­The Warriors EP·
 ­The Warriors EP, Volume 2
 
 
Video albums
­Still Payin' Dues
 
 
Demo albums
­P.O.D. (demo tape)
 
 
Singles
­"Southtown"·
 ­"Rock the Party (Off the Hook)"·
 ­"School of Hard Knocks"·
 ­"Alive"·
 ­"Youth of the Nation"·
 ­"Boom"·
 ­"Satellite"·
 ­"Sleeping Awake"·
 ­"Will You"·
 ­"Change the World"·
 ­"Freedom Fighters"·
 ­"Goodbye for Now"·
 ­"Sounds Like War"·
 ­"Lights Out"·
 ­"Going in Blind"·
 ­"The San Diego Chargers Anthem"·
 ­"Addicted"·
 ­"Shine with Me"·
 ­"On Fire"·
 ­"Lost in Forever"·
 ­"Higher"·
 ­"Beautiful"
 
 
Related articles
­Discography·
 ­Living Sacrifice·
 ­StillWell·
 ­Daylight Division·
 ­Jamey Jasta
 

 

Categories: 2002 singles
Billboard Alternative Songs number-one singles
P.O.D. songs
Rock ballads
Songs about death
Songs about suicide
Songs based on actual events
Teenage tragedy songs
Works about the Columbine High School massacre









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The Way I Am (Eminem song)

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
 
Jump to: navigation, search

"The Way I Am"
 
Single by Eminem

from the album The Marshall Mathers LP

Released
December 27, 2000
Format
CD, digital download
Recorded
2000
Genre
Hardcore hip hop, horrorcore, rap rock
Rap metal (With Marilyn Manson)
Length
4:50
Label
Aftermath, Interscope
Writer(s)
M. Mathers
Producer
Eminem
Certification
Gold (SRIA)
Eminem singles chronology

"The Real Slim Shady"
 (2000) "The Way I Am"
 (2001) "Stan"
 (2001)
 
"The Way I Am" is a song by the rapper Eminem, released in 2000. It was the second single from his worldwide hit album, The Marshall Mathers LP. It is also featured on his 2005 album Curtain Call: The Hits. In the tradition of most of Eminem's follow-up singles, "The Way I Am" is one of the songs that he has a sole songwriting credit and features a much darker and emotionally driven sound than the album's lead single, which was "The Real Slim Shady." The song was named the 35th Best Song of the decade by the magazine Complex.[1]

Contents
  [hide] 1 Background
2 Structure
3 Critical response
4 Music video
5 Track listing
6 Charts
7 References
8 External links
Background[edit]
It features the first beat Eminem produced on his own, featuring an ominous bass line, a piano loop, and chimes. In the song, Eminem lashes out at people he feels are putting too much pressure on him, including overzealous fans and record executives expecting him to top the success of his hit single "My Name Is", though in fact he went on to do so with "The Real Slim Shady," as well as other songs. He delivers each line very aggressively, almost shouting them out. The song contains the line "When a dude's gettin bullied and shoots up his school...", referring to either Eric Harris or Dylan Klebold, the bullied perpetrators of the Columbine High School massacre which took place the previous year. The song has also been remixed by Danny Lohner featuring Marilyn Manson, who has performed the song with Eminem live on stage. The song reached number 8 in the United Kingdom, while in Mathers' United States it did not fare as well, not charting on the top 50. In 2005 it was re-released on the album Curtain Call: The Hits. "The Way I Am" certifying Gold in Sweden, sold over 10,000 copies.[2] In 2008, Eminem released an autobiography titled The Way I Am.
Structure[edit]
From the perspective of traditional poetic theory, almost the entire song, excluding the chorus, can be described as being written in anapestic tetrameter. However, though this poetic label accurately describes the short-short-long pattern that dominates Eminem's flow in this song, it fails to capture the musical rhythm of his delivery, which in Rap is more significant. Eminem delivers his short-short-long "anapestic" rhythm in a highly syncopated manner which is completely off the beat: he rests on the beat itself, 1,2,3,4, and delivers his words on the other 16th notes (e & a), accenting the last 16th note, the same place where the kick drum hits. This highly syncopated rhythm gives this piece much of its dramatic tension and is identical to the rhythm of the piano accompaniment. The chorus adapts lines from the song "As the Rhyme Goes On" from Eric B. and Rakim's debut album Paid in Full in which Rakim raps, "I'm the R, the A, to the K, I M--if I wasn't, then why would I say I am?" - Rakim would later be signed to Aftermath, but left before releasing an album.
Critical response[edit]
Cynthia Fuchs was positive: "In "The Way I Am," Eminem expounds, "Since birth I've been cursed with this curse to just curse / And just blurt this berserk and bizarre shit that works / And it sells and it helps in itself to relieve / All this tension, dispensin' these sentences." So there it is: he's performing therapy."[3] Allmusic higlighted the song.[4] Sputnik Music described this song as "Amityville's portrayal of the Detroit he grew up in; The Way I Am as a whole". Same critic listed it in Recommended Downloads and praising the single: "Built over doomy, gothic arpeggios, rumbling bass, and church bells, Eminem lays down one of the most perfectly formed lyrics of his career, weaving in and out of a tight rhyme scheme that echoes the loping piano motif. Interesting aside: this is one of the first Eminem songs that gives M. Mathers 100% of the writing credits."[5] IGN praised the song: "Eminem is an angry a$$ white boy and the vitriol continues on "I Way That I Am," in which he soundly states "I am whatever you say I am/If I wasn't why would I say I am?" And when he complains that he's "so sick and tired of being admired…" one almost believes that he'll hang up the mic and disappear (but Em obviously loves the attention so that's not an option at this point in the game). The throbbing, tubular bell and piano laced beat only add to the intensity of the track (incidentally it was crafted by Em himself and it's one of the more stellar examples of his often hit or miss production techniques)."[6] Sal Cinquemani called this song: "He (Eminem) revels in the fact that there's teen violence in upper-class cities on the epic "The Way I Am."[7]
Music video[edit]
The music video at the beginning plays a slow instrumental of his song "Kim", and part of the "Steve Berman" skit (which is the track before this song in the album), and when the song starts, it shows him about to jump out the window of a tall building, and shows him falling through the sky, in a sequence inspired by the Coen brothers film The Hudsucker Proxy, in which the hero also falls slowly from a skyscraper window.[8] Marilyn Manson appears behind Eminem when the song refers to him—and a few more times thereafter. Other shots show fans coming up to him, asking for his autograph, as well as Eminem in his neighborhood in front of an old house. At the end of the video, when Eminem hits the ground, it bounces him safely like a giant mattress. It was named the 19th Best Music Video of 2000s by Complex magazine.[9] The song is angst-ridden and ostensibly directed towards the record executives who had greatly stressed Eminem to top the success of his last album. As of the time of writing, which was shortly before the album's end of production, Eminem had yet to create any such singles that might replicate his previous success with "My Name Is", though he would soon pen "The Real Slim Shady", which would go on to be his most successful single to date. Resultantly, the song lashes out at those who he perceived were placing undue burdens upon him. He also directs the song at overzealous fans, telling them they should leave him alone rather than harass him and his family.
Track listing[edit]
UK CD single[10]
1."The Way I Am" - 4:53
2."Bad Influence" - 3:40
3."My Fault" (Pizza Mix) - 3:54
4."The Way I Am" (Video) - 4:53
UK Cassette
1."The Way I Am" - 4:53
2."Bad Influence" - 3:40
Australian CD single[11]
1."The Way I Am" (Unedited Version) - 4:53
2."The Way I Am" (Clean) - 4:55
3."Kids" (Uncensored Version) - 5:07
4."'97 Bonnie & Clyde" - 5:17
5."Steve Berman" (Skit) - 0:56
6."The Real Slim Shady" (Video) - 4:44
Charts[edit]

Chart (2000)
Peak
 position

Australian Singles Chart 34
Austrian Singles Chart 11
Belgian Singles Chart (Flanders) 16
Belgian Singles Chart (Wallonia) 9
Danish Singles Chart [12] 15
Dutch Top 40[13] 10
Finnish Singles Chart 8
German Singles Chart[14] 19
Irish Singles Chart 4
Swedish Singles Chart 6
Swiss Singles Chart 19
UK Singles Chart 8
U.S. Billboard Hot 100[15] 58
U.S. Billboard Hot R&B/Hip-Hop Songs[15] 26
U.S. Billboard Rhythmic Top 40[16] 5

References[edit]
1.Jump up ^ "Complex | Style, Music, Sneakers, Entertainment, Girls, Technology". Best.complex.com. Retrieved 2011-08-25.
2.Jump up ^ "(Guld & Platina) ÅR 2000" [(Gold & Platinum) Year 2000] ("The Way I Am" at #2131) (in Swedish). IFPI Sweden. pp. 8, 10.
3.Jump up ^ http://web.archive.org/web/20060422004338/http://www.popmatters.com/music/reviews/e/eminem-marshall.shtml
4.Jump up ^ http://www.allmusic.com/album/the-marshall-mathers-lp-mw0000062949
5.Jump up ^ http://www.sputnikmusic.com/review/1440/Eminem-The-Marshall-Mathers-LP/
6.Jump up ^ http://www.ign.com/articles/2004/11/12/the-marshall-mathers-lp?page=1
7.Jump up ^ http://www.slantmagazine.com/music/review/eminem-the-marshall-mathers-lp/63
8.Jump up ^ "The Hudsucker Proxy Trailer". YouTube. 2008-02-23. Retrieved 2011-08-25.
9.Jump up ^ "Complex | Style, Music, Sneakers, Entertainment, Girls, Technology". Best.complex.com. Retrieved 2011-08-25.
10.Jump up ^ http://www.amazon.co.uk/Way-I-Am-Eminem/dp/B0000504AA/ref=sr_1_1?s=music&ie=UTF8&qid=1332672337&sr=1-1
11.Jump up ^ http://www.amazon.co.uk/Way-i-Am-Eminem/dp/B0000DENPH/ref=sr_1_6?s=music&ie=UTF8&qid=1332672337&sr=1-6
12.Jump up ^ "Single Top 20 Uge 1 - 2001". IFPI. Retrieved 2012-01-11.
13.Jump up ^ "Dutch Chart 2000" (PDF) (in Dutch). Top40. Retrieved 2 May 2010.
14.Jump up ^ "Eminem singles, German Singles Chart" (in German). musicline. Retrieved 2 May 2010.
15.^ Jump up to: a b http://www.billboard.com/artist/301722/eminem/chart
16.Jump up ^ http://www.allmusic.com/artist/eminem-p347307/charts-awards/billboard-singles
External links[edit]
"The Way I Am" Official music video on YouTube
Full lyrics of this song at MetroLyrics

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Categories: 2000 singles
Eminem songs
Works about the Columbine High School massacre
Music videos directed by Paul Hunter
Songs written by Eminem
Songs about the media
Song recordings produced by Eminem
Shady Records singles
Aftermath Entertainment singles
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This Is Your Time (Michael W. Smith album)

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This Is Your Time
 
Studio album by Michael W. Smith

Released
1999
Recorded
1997, 1999
Genre
Christian rock, pop
Length
50:25
Label
Reunion Records
Michael W. Smith chronology

Christmastime
 (1998) This Is Your Time
 (1999) Freedom
 (2000)
 

Professional ratings

Review scores

Source
Rating
Allmusic 4/5 stars[1]
This Is Your Time is Michael W. Smith's fourteenth studio album, released in 1999. All the songs from this album (except "This Is Your Time" and "This Is Your Time (Reprise)") were originally recorded for his previous studio album Live the Life, but did not make the final cut for the album.
Track listing[edit]
1."Rince De" (instrumental) – 1:30
2."Hey You It's Me" – 4:03
3."Worth It All" – 4:03
4."I Will Be Your Friend" – 3:19
5."This Is Your Time" – 4:29
6."I Will Carry You" – 5:04
7."She Walks With Me" – 3:42
8."Reach Out to Me" – 3:59
9."I Still Have the Dream" – 4:18
10."I'm Gone" – 4:31
11."Anna" – 4:16
12."Everybody Free" – 4:43
13."This Is Your Time (Reprise)" – 2:25
Wal-Mart marketed a version of the CD with a bonus final track:
14."From Here On" – 3:07
Notes[edit]
The title track was inspired by the initial news report that Cassie Bernall, a student killed in the Columbine High School massacre, had answered "yes" to the question "Do you believe in God?" moments after seeing another student killed for answering "yes" to that same question.
The lyrics speak vividly of what happened, the questions this raised, and the continuing impact on Christian thought:

It was a test we could all hope to pass but none of us would want to take
 Faced with the choice to deny God and live, for her there was one choice to make
 ....
 What if tomorrow
 What if today
 Faced with the question, oh, what would you say?
 ....
 Fall on the mercy and hear yourself praying
 "Won't you save me?"
References[edit]
1.Jump up ^ Allmusic review

[hide]
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Michael W. Smith

 
Studio albums
The Michael W. Smith Project·
 Michael W. Smith 2·
 The Big Picture·
 i 2 (EYE)·
 Go West Young Man·
 Change Your World·
 I'll Lead You Home·
 Live the Life·
 This Is Your Time·
 Healing Rain·
 Stand·
 Wonder
 
 
Instrumental Albums
Freedom·
 Glory
 
 
Christmas albums
Christmas·
 Christmastime·
 It's a Wonderful Christmas
 
 
Live albums
The Live Set·
 Worship·
 Worship Again·
 A New Hallelujah
 
 
Compilation albums
The Wonder Years·
 The First Decade (1983–1993)·
 The Second Decade (1993–2003)·
 Decades of Worship
 
 
Songs
"Great Is the Lord"·
 "I Will Be Here for You"·
 "Christmas Day"
 
 
Other
Discography·
 Rocketown·
 Rocketown Records
 

 

Categories: Michael W. Smith albums
1999 albums
Songs based on actual events
Works about the Columbine High School massacre
English-language albums
Reunion Records albums


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