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Earshot (Buffy the Vampire Slayer)

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"Earshot"
Buffy the Vampire Slayer episode
Buffy 3x18.jpg
Jonathan in the school clock tower .

Episode no.
Season 3
 Episode 18
Directed by
Regis Kimble
Written by
Jane Espenson
Production code
3ABB18
Original air date
September 21, 1999
Guest actors

Kristine Sutherland as Joyce Summers
Alexis Denisof as Wesley Wyndam-Pryce
Ethan Erickson as Percy West
Danny Strong as Jonathan Levinson
Larry Bagby as Larry Blaisdell
Keram Malicki-Sánchez as Freddy Iverson
Justin Doran as Hogan Martin
Lauren Roman as Nancy Doyle
Wendy Worthington as Lunch Lady
Robert Arce as Mr. Beach
Molly Bryant as Ms. Murray
Rich Muller as Student
Jay Michael Ferguson as Another Student

Episode chronology

← Previous
 "Enemies" Next →
 "Choices"

List of Buffy the Vampire Slayer episodes
"Earshot" is the 18th episode of season three of the television show Buffy the Vampire Slayer.

Contents
  [hide] 1 Plot synopsis
2 Production
3 Broadcast
4 Continuity 4.1 Arc significance
5 References
6 External links
Plot synopsis[edit]
On patrol, Buffy runs into two demons that she fights, and succeeds in killing one of them. While the other escapes, the blood from the demon she killed gets absorbed into the back of her hand after she kills it. The next day at the library, Buffy finds that they're making very little progress with the Mayor and stopping the ascension. Willow asks Buffy if she's talked to Angel and then suggests that Buffy straight out ask him what happened with Faith. Percy checks in with Willow to reschedule their study session and then she talks to Buffy about the basketball game after school which everyone except Buffy is going to.
Buffy goes to Giles after she finds that her hand is itching where she was cut and that, because she came in contact with the blood of one of the demons, she may be infected with an aspect of the demon. Xander and Oz watch the cheerleaders at the pep rally and Xander reveals that he still has a thing for Cordy when he witnesses Wesley looking at Cordelia. Buffy is constantly worried as she waits to find out what aspect of the demon she'll be getting; Willow horrifies her, wondering if the demon was a male. She talks to Angel about it that night and he tells her he'd love her no matter what she looked like.
The next day, as she's walking through the halls, Buffy finds out that she can hear the thoughts of others. She talks to Giles about it, and he goes right to work researching it while Buffy decides to put her new ability to work. In class, she listens to the thoughts of her teacher and classmates and answers the questions asked. Buffy also hears the thoughts of Freddy Iverson, who writes editorials for the school newspaper and who has a seriously negative opinion about everything at Sunnydale.
Later that day, Buffy goes to the mansion to use her mind-reading abilities to check up on Angel and find out the truth about what happened with Faith. He figures out what she's trying to do, and informs her that his thoughts no more reflect into her mind than his image does on a mirror. He reveals to her that what happened with Faith meant nothing and that in 243 years, he's loved only Buffy.
At the library, Buffy tells her friends about her ability to read minds. Xander constantly thinks about sex, Cordelia says almost exactly what she thinks, Oz thinks extremely deep thoughts, Willow thinks about how she's left out of things, and Wesley thinks about Cordelia.
In the lunchroom, Buffy hears someone think, "This time tomorrow, I'll kill you all," and then the voices get to be too much and Buffy passes out. When she regains consciousness, she tells everyone to get organized and find out who the potential killer is. Buffy goes home to rest but before she leaves, she overhears Giles's thoughts that she'll go insane if the telepathy continues. He and Wesley found that it happened before, but the person is in total isolation because they can't stop the power. Buffy's mom is nervous around her and doesn't want to stay in the same room with Buffy for very long. Finally, Buffy reads her mind and finds out that she had sex with Giles, on the hood of a police car, twice. Willow and the others go around interviewing students and faculty that were in the Cafeteria to see if they're potential killers.
Giles and Wesley have found a possible solution to curing Buffy, but it requires the heart of the second demon. Angel hunts down the demon and the next morning brings the heart to the Summers' home in a glass mixed with other ingredients. He forces Buffy to drink it and then her body goes into convulsions. Willow and the rest of the Scooby Gang were able to locate all the students on the list except Freddy Iverson and they all go looking for him.
Back at home, Buffy wakes up and is no longer able to hear thoughts. The gang finally corners Freddy in his office and find out that he's not the potential killer. Buffy shows up just as they find a letter from Jonathan apologizing for his upcoming actions of death on Freddy's desk. The gang splits up to find Jonathan while he is up in the clock tower, assembling a rifle. Buffy spots him from below and puts her Slayer strengths to work as she flies up the stairs, onto the roof, and into the tower. Buffy talks to him and tells him that the reason why everyone ignores him is because they all have their own problems that actually matter more to them than his do. She takes the rifle from him, and then finds out that he was really going to commit suicide (much to her surprise and confusion).
Xander checks the kitchen and stumbles upon the overweight lunch lady putting rat poison into the food. She comes out and tries to kill Xander with a cleaver, but Buffy stops her. The lunch lady likened the students to "vermin" always eating and never stopping. Buffy decides that the lunch lady has lost her mind and knocks her unconscious. Giles and Buffy recap what happened as they walk around the school grounds. Giles asks her if she's up for some training, and Buffy says she is, and they can work out after school, if he isn't too busy having sex with her mother. This causes Giles to walk straight into a tree.
Production[edit]
In her commentary on the DVD, writer Jane Espenson reveals that when she found out that she was going to write this episode she knew that she wanted the student in the tower to be Jonathan. Even though Danny Strong had only had small, comedic parts on the series over the years, she had faith that he would be able to handle the dramatic scene.[1] Espenson also mentions in her DVD commentary that she included the exchange in which Buffy discovers that her mother slept with Giles in "Band Candy" because she was surprised that fans weren't sure that they had had sex and she wanted to eliminate any doubts.[1]
Giles walking right into a tree after Buffy told him she knew he slept with her mother was Anthony Head's idea - although he had never thought that Joss Whedon would actually let him do it.[2]
Broadcast[edit]
The Columbine High School massacre occurred one week before this episode was originally scheduled to air. Because this episode involved a scene with a student loading a rifle – apparently for mass murder, but in reality for suicide – the WB preempted it with a rerun of "Bad Girls". The episode was delayed until September 1999, where it aired two weeks prior to the season four premiere. The season finale was also preempted due to "school violence concerns."[3][4]
Continuity[edit]
Arc significance[edit]
Buffy learns that Giles and her mother have had sex — on top of a police car, twice — while under the influence of mystical chocolate bars in an earlier episode, "Band Candy".
Angel reveals to Buffy that vampires are immune to telepathy.
This is one of the first episodes to feature Jonathan outside a small comedy based role. He would later become a villain during Season Six.
Willow speaks to Jonathan about fantasies about power and respect, and that sometimes "the fantasy isn't enough". This foreshadows the episode "Superstar", in which Jonathan uses a spell to make himself a celebrity. It also recalls an earlier interrogation in the second season episode "Go Fish".
References[edit]
1.^ Jump up to: a b Writer Jane Espenson's audio commentary for the episode on the season 3 DVD.
2.Jump up ^ TV.com Episode Guide, Season 3 Episode 18, "Earshot" Trivia & Quotes.
3.Jump up ^ "School Daze". Entertainment Weekly. May 25, 1999. Retrieved August 3, 2010.
4.Jump up ^ ""Buffy" Slayed by School Massacre". E! Online. April 23, 1999. Retrieved June 9, 2011.
External links[edit]
 Wikiquote has a collection of quotations related to: Earshot
"Earshot" at the Internet Movie Database
"Earshot" at TV.com

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Categories: Buffy the Vampire Slayer (season 3) episodes
1999 television episodes
Screenplays by Jane Espenson

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Graduation Day (Buffy the Vampire Slayer)

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

  (Redirected from Graduation Day, Part Two)
Jump to: navigation, search



[hide]This article has multiple issues. Please help improve it or discuss these issues on the talk page.


 This article's plot summary may be too long or excessively detailed.  (May 2011) 

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"Graduation Day"
Buffy the Vampire Slayer episode
Buffy-322.jpg
Buffy allows part of her blood to be drained to save Angel's life, in the final appearance of David Boreanaz as a series regular.

Episode no.
Season 3
 Episode 21 & 22
Directed by
Joss Whedon
Written by
Joss Whedon
Production code
3ABB21 & 3ABB22
Original air date
May 18, 1999 (Part 1)
 July 13, 1999 (Part 2)
Guest actors

Larry Bagby as Larry Blaisdell
Eliza Dushku as Faith Lehane
Kristine Sutherland as Joyce Summers
Emma Caulfield as Anya
Alexis Denisof as Wesley Wyndam-Pryce
Harry Groener as Mayor Richard Wilkins
Mercedes McNab as Harmony Kendall
Armin Shimerman as Principal Snyder
Ethan Erickson as Percy West
Danny Strong as Jonathan Levinson
James Lurie as Mr. Miller
Hal Robinson as Lester Worth
Adrian Neil as Vamp-Lackey #1
John Rosenfeld as Vamp-Lackey #2
Paulo Andrés as Dr. Powell
Susan Chuang as Nurse
Tom Bellin as Dr. Gold
Samuel Bliss Cooper as Vamp-Lackey #3

Episode chronology

← Previous
 "The Prom" Next →
 "The Freshman"

List of Buffy the Vampire Slayer episodes
"Graduation Day" is the season finale of the WB Television Network's third season of the drama television series Buffy the Vampire Slayer, consisting of the twenty-first and twenty-second episodes. They are also the fifty-fifth and fifty-sixth episodes of the show overall. The two constituent episodes were split into two broadcasts; "Part 1" first aired on May 18, 1999 and "Part 2" first aired on July 13, 1999. The second part was to originally be aired on May 25, 1999 however was postponed due to the episode's content and the occurrence of the Columbine High School shootings one month prior. The episodes were written and directed by series creator Joss Whedon.
The episodes are the last to feature Angel (David Boreanaz) as a series regular due to the character starring in the spin-off series Angel. Fellow series regular Cordelia Chase (Charisma Carpenter)—who had been with the show since its first episode—also left the series to star alongside Boreanaz.
The first part, which featured a fight between Buffy and Faith, was included in BuddyTV's 10 favorite catfights on television.[1]

Contents
  [hide] 1 Plot 1.1 Part 1
1.2 Part 2
2 Controversy
3 Trivia 3.1 Part one
3.2 Part two
4 Continuity 4.1 Arc significance
5 References
6 External links
Plot[edit]
Part 1[edit]
The episode opens with the gang preparing for their graduation: Cordelia and Xander discuss the color of their gowns, and Willow speaks to Buffy about all she'll miss about high school. Buffy is considering skipping graduation to fight Mayor Wilkins, until Xander joins them and informs the two that he's to be the commencement speaker at graduation. Faith visits college professor Lester Worth on behalf of the Mayor, and kills him. She reports the kill to the Mayor, who has Faith change into a dress and tells her the ascension is her day as well as his. In class, Anya speaks to Xander and, when he mentions the ascension, her expression becomes grave.
In the library, Buffy shows Giles and Wesley the newspaper which details the murder of Worth. Buffy suspects Faith to be the culprit and the three agree the professor must have known something the Mayor wanted kept secret. Xander and Anya arrive, Anya having experienced a previous ascension. She tells them about a sorcerer who became the pure-demon Lohesh - unlike human-demon hybrids like vampires, pure-demons are much stronger and much larger. The Mayor waltzes in to the library and smugly comments that he'll eat Buffy come graduation day. Upon hearing this Giles, in a fit of rage, stabs him with a sword; but the Mayor is unharmed, and merely scolds Giles for his impetuous violence – a bad example in the presence of children. He leaves with the cheery promise that some of their deaths will be quick.
At home, Buffy packs a suitcase for Joyce and convinces her to leave town for safety. Willow vents her worries to Oz, and chides him for his detachment; panic would be a more normal human response. Oz interrupts her with a passionate kiss, and when Willow asks what he's doing, he replies that he is "panicking". The two finally consummate their relationship.
Buffy and Angel discuss Worth's work, which Buffy doesn't understand. The two discuss the confusing nature of their relationship, when Angel is struck in the back by an arrow fired by Faith, which misses his heart. At the library, the arrow is removed, and Giles and Wesley go over Mr. Worth's files, which indicate that Worth found a gigantic carcass underneath the rubble of a volcanic eruption, which he believed may have been a new type of dinosaur. The group assumes this must be some sort of demon, when Angel falls to the ground - the arrow has been poisoned with a toxin fatal to vampires. Faith reports her attack to the Mayor, and amuses him with a few stories from her childhood before he continues preparations for the ascension. Wesley tells Buffy the Watcher's Council refuses to help Angel because he is a vampire, but Willow's research reveals the poison has a cure - the blood of a Slayer.
Buffy arrives at Faith's apartment, and the two battle, eventually taking the fight to the roof. Meanwhile, Giles and Xander find that the Mayor will transform into the demon Olvikan, and find an unseen picture of him in a book - the illustration is four pages long. The Mayor is also alerted to the trouble at Faith's place. On the edge of the roof, Buffy stabs Faith with the knife Faith had received from the Mayor. Faith congratulates Buffy for killing her, then leaps off the roof onto a truck on the street below. The fall knocks her out, and Buffy watches as the truck carries her away.
Part 2[edit]



 Buffy and Angel, looking at each other in a distance, with a fire hose between them, visually signifies that they are now apart.
Buffy leaves Faith's apartment after their battle, and the Mayor appears inside the broken window overlooking the roof and orders his minions to find Buffy and Faith. Xander and Giles are in the library, and Cordelia enters and demands to know what happened to Wesley, who is upset and leaving the country. Giles informs Cordy that Buffy has quit the council and no longer requires a watcher. Willow and Oz are watching over Angel, when Buffy arrives and sends them away. Buffy tells Angel that the only cure is the blood of a Slayer and that since he can't use Faith, he'll have to drink from her. Angel refuses and Buffy tries to persuade him that if he doesn't drink her blood, he'll die. Angel accepts this and stumbles away from Buffy, but she stops him and tells him she won't let him die. Angel begs her to not make him drink, but she punches him in the face, trying to turn him. When it doesn't work, she punches him two more times, the second turning him. She pulls Angel's head down to her neck and after a moment's hesitation, Angel bites her and starts drinking. He ends up taking too much and Buffy passes out just as Angel is able to stop himself from killing her. He rushes her to the hospital, where she is saved. In a nearby room, another doctor is informing the Mayor that Faith is in a coma. The Mayor overhears nurses talking about Buffy, and attempts to suffocate her before he is stopped by Angel and leaves.
In a dream, Buffy and Faith have an exchange in Faith's apartment. The two trade cryptic comments, and Faith assures Buffy she'll heal. She also tells Buffy that "human weakness never goes away, even his". Faith reaches up to stroke Buffy's face, thus awakening her. When she wakes she approaches her friends, ready to go to war with the Mayor. In the library, Buffy finishes detailing a plan (which the audience does not hear), and the gang agree the plan is crazy, but is their only option. Giles cautions that the plan is entirely contingent upon Buffy's ability to control the Mayor. Buffy explains what Faith had told her about human weakness, and Angel remembers that the Mayor was seriously grieving over Faith. Wesley arrives and says he is there to help of his own volition, not on behalf of the council. The Mayor and Buffy detail their respective plans to their allies, and Buffy's friends recruit other students to help. Wesley tells Cordelia that he will be returning to England following the ascension, saying he has no reason to stay now that Buffy has quit the council. The two kiss, but find it awkward and simply exchange goodbyes.
Buffy and Angel talk over weapons, and Angel tells Buffy he won't be saying good-bye after the battle. A grief-stricken Buffy unwraps the knife she used to stab Faith, still stained with her blood. The graduation ceremony begins and Principal Snyder welcomes the students before the Mayor takes the podium. The Mayor tells the students that it is the 100th anniversary of the founding of Sunnydale, and during the rest of his speech suddenly convulses. An eclipse begins, and the Mayor decides to skip the ending to his speech, and transforms into Olvikan, a giant snake-like demon. Everyone but the students scramble to flee, when Buffy yells "NOW!", and the entire student body removes their robes to reveal weapons and crosses, ready to fight - belying (three seasons of...) Sunnydale residents' typical state of denial when it comes to the paranormal. Xander and Angel lead the students into battle against the Mayor's vampires, and in the chaos the Mayor devours Snyder as he rages at him.
Buffy catches the Mayor's attention with Faith's knife, describing in graphic detail how she stabbed her. The Mayor chases Buffy through the school to the library, where all of the books have been removed and the room filled with explosives. Buffy dives out a window as the Mayor exclaims "well gosh!" Giles detonates the explosives, blowing up the school and killing the Mayor. EMTs and firefighters are now at the school helping the wounded, and Buffy is looking for Angel. Giles presents her with her diploma, rescued from the debris. He leaves and Buffy then sees Angel. The two of them share a final, longing look at each other before Angel turns and walks off while Buffy watches him go. The gang, minus Giles, gathers and Willow asks if she is okay, and Buffy says she is. Oz tells them all to take a moment to deal with what happened, that they all survived. Buffy agrees that it was a great battle, but Oz corrects her by saying they survived high school. The scene fades on a charred yearbook for Sunnydale Class of 1999.
Controversy[edit]
During the time of its airing, the episode caused a great deal of controversy in the media. The Columbine High School massacre, only four weeks before the airing of Part One, was widely blamed on violence in entertainment. The WB Television Network had already pulled the plug on an earlier episode, "Earshot"[2] (which itself was not aired until September), and feared that several scenes in "Graduation Day, Part Two" would provoke high school students to do the same thing, especially those depicting the entire graduating class handling weapons against the Mayor.
On May 25, 1999, only two hours before "Graduation Day, Part Two" was due to air, The WB suddenly decided to replace it with a re-run from earlier in the season.[3] This sudden move received huge attention in the media and thousands of letters were sent to the network demanding that the season finale be shown. Sarah Michelle Gellar publicly spoke out against the decision, Seth Green agreed that the episode should have been broadcast in its original slot.[4] The WB did not air the episode until July 13, 1999, almost two months after it was originally scheduled; since nearly all US schools end their term in May or June, it was then felt safe. The episode attracted 6.5 million viewers, atypically high for the WB during summer, and comparable to what the other episodes of the season had received.
As the episode was not delayed in Canada, many bootleg digital downloads were available.[5] Joss Whedon, the creator of the show, stated, "Bootleg the puppy."[6]
Buffy novel The Evil That Men Do was also delayed due to the Columbine incident; it was published one year later than planned.
Trivia[edit]
Part one[edit]
James Lurie played the teacher Mr. Miller in "I Only Have Eyes For You" and "Anne" as well as playing hangman with his class ("They always go for the 'E'").
When this episode originally aired, the first ever trailer for Angel was shown. It lasted only four seconds with Boreanaz turning towards the camera, and the words "Angel. This Fall" appeared.
On seeing an illustration of the Mayor's eventual demon form, Xander quotes the famous line from Jaws: "We're going to need a bigger boat".
Faith's line "Look at you, trying on big sister's clothes" is a reference to the Elvis Costello song "Big Sister's Clothes" on the album Trust. The episode in which Faith awakens from the coma she enters in this episode, "This Year's Girl" is also a reference to an Elvis Costello song. At a June 2 concert in L.A., Elvis Costello riffed about God searching in vain for the lost Buffy in reference to Part 2 of the episode, and sarcastically praised The WB for "keeping teens safe from unholy demons."[6]
Part two[edit]
The yearbook seen in this episode, the Sunnydale High Yearbook, was released as a tie-in product after this episode aired.
Cordelia kills a vampire for the first time, something Charisma Carpenter had requested of the series writers several times before.[7]
Douglas Petrie wrote a Buffy comic that takes place immediately after this episode; Double Cross concerns events after Angel left Buffy.
In the closing credits, the Mutant Enemy zombie wears a black graduation cap.
The cat in Buffy's dream briefly turns into Faith, in her comatose state, and then back.
David Boreanaz and Charisma Carpenter, series regulars until now, thereafter move to a spinoff series, Angel. Boreanaz afterward appears several times as a guest on Buffy.
According to Marti Noxon in a DVD commentary, the explosion scene was filmed at 5 a.m. in Torrance, California, where the outdoor scenes had been filmed for the previous three years.
In the dream when Faith refers to Little Miss Muffet, she is actually referring to Dawn, Buffy's sister who arrives in season 5. In the first episode where Dawn is introduced a man approaches her and tells her she's "all just curds and whey".
Continuity[edit]
This is the first time since "Ted" that Buffy has intentionally attempted to harm another human, and the first instance where it could be considered consciously premeditated. Despite Faith's obviously evil actions, Buffy's reaction after mortally wounding Faith is reminiscent of the reaction she had when she thought she'd killed Ted.
When Anya returns to the school to ask Xander to run away with her she tells him that her car is just outside and they can take turns driving, however in season five during the episode "Triangle" it is revealed that Anya is unclear about driving. She still demonstrates her ability to drive in the episode and it may be perceived that she is still new to the concept in this episode.
Willow mentions to Buffy in the Season 1 episode "The Harvest" that one way they could get kicked out of school is to "blow up the school."
Cordelia and Wesley discover through two bad kisses that their dalliance will lead nowhere.
Amy is still a rat, despite Willow's attempt to cure her.
Arc significance[edit]
Buffy quits the Watchers' Council; she will not rejoin until she needs information on Glory in Season Five. She explains the decision as her 'graduation.'
Willow has sex with Oz.
Anya helps the Scoobies for the first time, giving them information about a demon ascension. She also decides to explore a relationship with Xander, which will continue to the end of the series.
Sunnydale High School, a focus of paranormal activity, is destroyed. It will be seen again as a charred wreck in season four and rebuilt in season seven.
Xander again shows his military prowess, acquired in episode "Halloween", engineering with Giles the mining of Sunnydale High and commanding the students in the final battle against the mayor.
Cordelia slays her first and only vampire in Buffy the Vampire Slayer, but slays others in the spin-off Angel.
In the beginning of the battle between the crowd of pupils and the vampires, there's a brief scene of Harmony Kendall running down and getting bitten by a vampire. She returns in "The Harsh Light of Day" as an inept vampire.
Angel, Cordelia, and Wesley leave the series to become major characters in the spin-off Angel. Though neither Cordelia nor Wesley appear in any future episodes of Buffy the Vampire Slayer, Angel appears in eight episodes of seasons 4, 5 and 7, either in flashbacks or in person.
Larry Blaisdell dies in this episode and does not appear again. His death was implied but is not positively confirmed on screen until "Smashed" (season 6).
The Mayor and Principal Snyder both die in this episode although both will appear again in dreams, hallucinations, etc.
This episode marks the last physical appearance of Cordelia Chase in the series, as she never returns to Sunnydale.
Faith mentions "Little Miss Muffet counting down from 730". This plays a major part in the season 5 arc with the introduction of Dawn Summers.
References[edit]
1.Jump up ^ Kubicek, John. "Girl-on-Girl Action: TV’s Top 10 Catfights". BuddyTV. Retrieved February 27, 2013.
2.Jump up ^ Millman, Joyce (June 1, 1999). "Finale thoughts". Salon.com. Retrieved 2007-09-12.
3.Jump up ^ Taylor, Charles (May 26, 1999). "The WB's Big Daddy condescension". Salon.com. Retrieved 2007-09-12.
4.Jump up ^ Bonin, Liane (May 25, 1999). "School Daze". Entertainment Weekly. Retrieved 2007-09-11.
5.Jump up ^ Wen, Howard (May 28, 1999). "'Buffy' fans distribute postponed finale online". Salon.com. Retrieved 2007-09-12.
6.^ Jump up to: a b "Network Outage". Entertainment Weekly (490). June 18, 1999. Retrieved 2007-09-11.
7.Jump up ^ "'Angel's' Cordelia Speaks the Truth". Zap2it.com. 2002-04-17. Retrieved 2008-10-04.
External links[edit]
 Wikiquote has a collection of quotations related to: Graduation Day, Part 1
 Wikiquote has a collection of quotations related to: Graduation Day, Part 2
"Graduation Day (Part 1)" at the Internet Movie Database
"Graduation Day (Part 1)" at TV.com
  "Graduation Day (Part 2)" at the Internet Movie Database
"Graduation Day (Part 2)" at TV.com


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Categories: Buffy the Vampire Slayer (season 3) episodes
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Happy Go Lucky (Veronica Mars)

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  (Redirected from Happy Go Lucky (Veronica Mars episode))
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 The topic of this article may not meet Wikipedia's general notability guideline. Please help to establish notability by adding reliable, secondary sources about the topic. If notability cannot be established, the article is likely to be merged, redirected, or deleted.
Find sources: "Happy Go Lucky (Veronica Mars)" – news · books · scholar · JSTOR · free images (November 2009) 

"Happy Go Lucky"
Veronica Mars episode
Episode no.
Season 2
 Episode 21
Directed by
Steve Gomer
Written by
Diane Ruggiero
Production code
2T7221
Original air date
May 2, 2006
Guest actors

Harry Hamlin
 (Aaron Echolls)
Jeffrey Sams
 (Terrence Cook)
Michael Muhney
 (Don Lamb)
 Krysten Ritter
 (Gia Goodman)
Tina Majorino
 (Cindy "Mac" Mackenzie)
 James Jordan
 (Tommy "Lucky" Dohanic)
 John Prosky
 (Ethan Lavoie)
 Gil Birmingham
 (Leonard Lobo)
Steve Guttenberg
 (Woody Goodman)

Episode chronology

← Previous
 "Look Who's Stalking" Next →
 "Not Pictured"

List of Veronica Mars episodes
"Happy Go Lucky" is episode 21 of season 2 of the television show Veronica Mars. It had an estimated audience size of 2.33 million US viewers on its first airing.[1]

Contents
  [hide] 1 Plot
2 Arc significance
3 Music
4 References
5 External links
Plot[edit]
After Lucky shoots up the school, Veronica and Keith Mars finally investigate Woody Goodman and find out he's a child molester. Also, Aaron Echolls' trial comes to a close.
Arc significance[edit]
After being fired from his job as school janitor, Lucky shows up at Neptune High threatening Gia Goodman and is killed by security.
Keith thinks that Lucky might have planted bombs in Goodman's house and informs Sheriff Lamb, who finds a bomb under Goodman's car identical to the one that was on the bus.
Veronica finds an anonymous email entitled "Kill incorporation or else" on Goodman's computer that has a recording of two boys saying that he is a child molester. Veronica figures out that the two boys in the recording were Peter Ferrer and Marcos Oliveres, two boys who died in the bus crash and were also on Goodman's Little League team.
Lamb goes to arrest Goodman, but he's already gone.
Aaron Echolls is found not guilty of Lilly Kane's murder.
Music[edit]
"Lost & Found" - Adrienne Pierce
References[edit]
1.Jump up ^ "Weekly Program Rankings". ABC Medianet. May 9, 2006. Retrieved July 29, 2008.
External links[edit]
 Wikiquote has a collection of quotations related to: Veronica Mars#Happy Go Lucky
"Happy Go Lucky" at the Internet Movie Database
"Happy Go Lucky" at TV.com
"Happy Go Lucky" at Mars Investigations
"Happy Go Lucky" at Television Without Pity
 

Categories: Veronica Mars episodes
2006 television episodes



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Halloween (American Horror Story)

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"Halloween"
American Horror Story episode
Episode no.
Season 1
 Episode 4 & 5
Directed by
David Semel
Written by
James Wong (Part 1)
Tim Minear (Part 2)
Featured music
"Big Mother" by
 Jesse Carrillo Jones and Feeding People
"Lavender Moon" by
 Haroula Rose

Production code
1ATS03 (Part 1)
 1ATS04 (Part 2)
Original air date
October 26, 2011
 November 2, 2011
Guest actors

Kate Mara as Hayden
Zachary Quinto as Chad Warwick
Frances Conroy as Moira
Lily Rabe as Nora Montgomery
Matt Ross as Charles Montgomery
Christine Estabrook as Marcy
Jamie Brewer as Addy
Teddy Sears as Patrick
Michael Graziadei as Travis
Brando Eaton as Kyle
Ashley Rickards as Chloe
Alessandra Torresani as Steph
Missy Doty as Angela
Morris Chestnut as Luke

Episode chronology

← Previous
 "Murder House" Next →
 "Piggy Piggy"

American Horror Story (season 1)
List of American Horror Story episodes
"Halloween" is a two-part episode, consisting of the fourth and fifth episodes of the first season of the television series American Horror Story. The first part aired on October 26, 2011, and the second on November 2, 2011. Part 1 was written by James Wong and part two was written by Tim Minear; both were directed by David Semel.

Contents
  [hide] 1 Plot 1.1 Part 1 1.1.1 2010
1.1.2 2011
1.2 Part 2
2 Production
3 Reception
4 References
5 External links
Plot[edit]
Part 1[edit]
2010[edit]
In 2010, Chad (Zachary Quinto) and Patrick (Teddy Sears), a gay couple, own the house. Chad is getting the house ready for a Halloween party, while Patrick is heading to the gym. The couple have a tumultuous relationship, exacerbated by their finances; they are trying to sell the house now. After fighting over Patrick's infidelities and Chad's unloving attitude, Patrick leaves to buy a costume. Chad is in the dining room when the Rubber Man appears in the room. Chad thinks it is Patrick and tries to apologize, but the Rubberman attacks him and snaps his neck. Patrick then walks into the room in a cowboy costume and is surprised by the Rubber Man.
2011[edit]
Vivien (Connie Britton) calls in a private security officer named Luke (Morris Chestnut) over to install more defense mechanisms for the house, and the two appear to have some chemistry. The Harmons hire interior designers ("fluffers") to make over the house to help it sell, mistaking the arriving Chad and Patrick as the fluffers. Chad tells Vivien that he once caught Patrick cheating by checking his phone bill, suggesting she do the same. Meanwhile, Larry (Denis O'Hare) harasses Ben (Dylan McDermott), demanding payment for killing Hayden (Kate Mara), but Ben rebuffs him. Ben agrees to continue sessions with Tate (Evan Peters), but outside the house only.
Addie (Jamie Brewer) argues with Constance (Jessica Lange) about wanting to dress as a "pretty girl" for Halloween. Constance laughs at her, but later buys her a “pretty girl” costume to make up with her. While trick-or-treating, Addie is hit by a car. Constance attempts to get her to the Harmons' lawn before she dies, so Addie will be able to haunt the house that she was connected to. Violet (Taissa Farmiga) meets Tate (initially wearing the Rubber Man costume in order to scare Violet) and demands to know what is in the basement. Tate says it is the still-living abomination created when Dr. Montgomery (Matt Ross), driven insane, tried to bring his dismembered child back to life by sewing the pieces together with various animal parts.
Chad and Patrick continue to decorate the house for Halloween night, just like Vivien and Ben expected the fluffer to do (still not realizing the mix up). Their sense of perfection eventually drives Vivien so angry that she kicks them both out of the house. They first refuse, revealing that they aren't fluffers, but leave when Chad spots the Rubber Man looking through one of the windows. Confronted with his phone bill, Ben tells Vivien that he and Hayden are over. Thinking that Ben is lying, Vivien demands that he leave. Suddenly, the baby kicks - an impossibility, as Vivien is only eight weeks into the pregnancy. At the hospital, an ultrasound reveals that the baby is more developed than it should be. The nurse collapses after seeing the baby on-screen.
On Halloween night, when “the dead can walk freely,” Moira (Frances Conroy) visits her comatose mother in a hospice and disconnects the life support. But she is unable to pass on with her pleading mother’s departing spirit. Violet, left alone in the house while her parents are at the hospital, hears Larry knocking at the front door. She calls her father, who tells her to wait for her parents to return. Violet hangs up, not noticing that the Rubber Man is standing behind her.
When the Harmons return from the hospital, they find the house broken into and Violet missing. Ben answers a knock at the door, finding Hayden’s ghost standing there, covered in dirt.
Part 2[edit]
Larry leaves and Violet decides to go upstairs. The Rubber Man, unnoticed by her, also disappears. Whilst Violet is sitting on her bed, a small hand tries to grab her legs, but misses when Violet sees Tate below her bedroom window. He and Violet go out on a date. Ben and Vivien return to the house and start looking for Violet, but after Violet calls Vivien assuring her that she is safe, Vivien allows her to stay out. Tate and Violet go to the beach and he tells her that high school was a terrible time for him. Five mangled and bloody teens (seemingly in costumes) appear and harass Tate, prompting him to leave with Violet.
After Ben shuts the door on a ghostly looking Hayden, he goes outside and discovers Larry in the back yard. Believing that Hayden’s murder was staged and that both of them are attempting to extort him, Ben attacks Larry with a shovel. Larry realizes that Hayden has come back as a ghost, but Ben does not listen to him and threatens to kill him if he sees him again. Back inside, Vivien reiterates her desire for Ben to leave, and goes to prepare a bath. Hayden calls her on her phone and they argue, ending with Hayden's haunting message, telling Vivien to ask Ben about Boston, appearing on the steamed mirror. Vivien tells Ben that Hayden is in their house and searches the house, looking for her. He eventually finds Hayden in the basement and after an argument, in which Hayden reveals to Ben that she really is dead (rotting from the inside), Larry knocks Ben out with a shovel and ties him up, planning to burn the house down but Chad's ghost intervenes. Nora (Lily Rabe) unties Ben, urging him to save his child.
Hayden appears to Vivien, and they are shocked when they learn that they are both pregnant. Hayden attacks Vivien with a shard of glass but is stopped by Ben, who is forced to admit he impregnated Hayden months after Vivien discovered the affair. Having heard the alarm, Luke arrives at the house and arrests Hayden. After talking with Luke, Hayden disappears from his car. Meanwhile, Ben packs his belongings and sadly leaves the house.
The teens find Tate and Violet, but Tate protects Violet by making them chase him. Constance grabs Violet and takes her to her house, revealing that Addie is dead and that Tate is her son. The teens catch up with Tate and are revealed to be ghosts from various cliques at Westview High, who were seemingly killed when Tate committed a school shooting. The ghosts angrily demand to know why he killed them and that he admit what he did, but Tate cannot remember anything about them. One of the ghosts says if she had lived she would now be 34, much older than Tate appears to be. With Halloween night ending, the teens solemnly leave.
The other ghosts, Moira, Chad, Patrick, Troy and Bryan (the twins from the first episode), Nora, Maria, and Gladys wearily return to the house.
Production[edit]
Part one was written by co-executive producer James Wong, part two was written by consulting producer Tim Minear. Both parts were directed by David Semel.
Regarding the house and its ghosts, series co-creator Ryan Murphy speaks as though the Harmon house is alive. "One of the things about the house we’re trying to say," he says, "is that the house always has sort of a prescient intelligence in that it knows exactly the right moment to send the undead back to fuck with the people who live in the house. The house knows what you’re afraid of and will scare you. The house also knows what you need to hear and then will provide it. So the timing of it, it’s almost like what’s going on in these character’s personal lives is what conjures these spirits."[1]
About the character Chad, Murphy likes Zachary Quinto's take on him: "I think there’s a great sadness that he [Quinto] plays to somebody who sort of gave everything to something, be it the house or a relationship, and then it doesn’t turn out to your preconceived notions. I think he plays that frustration well. I also love his [Chad's] connection to Vivien in that he and Vivien are both with sex addicts. So there’s great pain and frustration to loving somebody with that situation and also like, 'Why do you stay?' I think he created this world of beauty and comfort and hopefully children in the future and so I like the rage of it."[2]
Reception[edit]
IGN's Matt Fowler gave the first part an overall score of 8, describing the episode as a "fairly unsettling romp", adding that the death of Adelaide was unexpected and that Constance's reaction to her daughter's death was "wrenching".[3] Todd VanDerWerff from the The A.V. Club gave the first part a C+ grade.[4] He awarded the second part of the episode a B grade.[5]
In its original American broadcast, Halloween Part 1 was seen by an estimated 2.96 million household viewers and gained a 1.7 ratings share among adults aged 18–49; a then series high.[6] The second part received a 1.6 ratings share among adults 18-49, down a tenth of a point from the first part.[7]
References[edit]
1.Jump up ^ Stack, Tim (October 26, 2011). "'American Horror Story': Ryan Murphy talks the Halloween episode and the tragic death of [SPOILER] -- EXCLUSIVE". Entertainment Weekly. Retrieved December 17, 2011.
2.Jump up ^ Stack, Tim (November 2, 2011). Entertainment Weekly http://insidetv.ew.com/2011/11/02/american-horror-story-ryan-murphy-halloween-part-2/. Retrieved December 17, 2011. Missing or empty |title= (help)
3.Jump up ^ Fowler, Matt (October 26, 2011). "American Horror Story: "Halloween, Part 1" Review". IGN.
4.Jump up ^ VanDerWerff, Todd (October 26, 2011). "Halloween, Part 1". The A.V. Club.
5.Jump up ^ VanDerWerff, Todd (November 2, 2011). "Halloween, Part 2". The A.V. Club.
6.Jump up ^ Gorman, Bill (October 27, 2011). "Wednesday Cable Ratings:'American Horror Story' Series High Edges 'South Park' + 'Psych,' 'Daily Show,' 'Ultimate Fighter' & More". TV by the Numbers.
7.Jump up ^ Gorman, Bill (November 3, 2011). "Wednesday Cable Ratings: 'South Park,' 'American Horror Story' Lead + 'Psych,' 'Real World,' 'Mythbusters' & More". TV by the Numbers. Retrieved November 3, 2011.
External links[edit]
 Wikiquote has a collection of quotations related to: Halloween (Part 1)
 Wikiquote has a collection of quotations related to: Halloween (Part 2)
"Halloween, Part 1" at the Internet Movie Database
"Halloween, Part 1" at TV.com
"Halloween, Part 1" at TV Guide.com
"Halloween, Part 2" at the Internet Movie Database
"Halloween, Part 2" at TV.com
"Halloween, Part 2" at TV Guide.com

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American Horror Story


Episodes


Murder House

­"Pilot"·
 ­"Home Invasion"·
 ­"Murder House"·
 ­"Halloween, Part 1"·
 ­"Halloween, Part 2"·
 ­"Piggy Piggy"·
 ­"Open House"·
 ­"Rubber Man"·
 ­"Spooky Little Girl"·
 ­"Smoldering Children"·
 ­"Birth"·
 ­"Afterbirth"
 


Asylum

­"Welcome to Briarcliff"·
 ­"Tricks and Treats"·
 ­"Nor'easter"·
 ­"I Am Anne Frank, Part 1"·
 ­"I Am Anne Frank, Part 2"·
 ­"The Origins of Monstrosity"·
 ­"Dark Cousin"·
 ­"Unholy Night"·
 ­"The Coat Hanger"·
 ­"The Name Game"·
 ­"Spilt Milk"·
 ­"Continuum"·
 ­"Madness Ends"
 


Coven

­"Bitchcraft"·
 ­"Boy Parts"
 


Writers
­Ryan Murphy·
 ­Brad Falchuk·
 ­Jennifer Salt·
 ­James Wong·
 ­Tim Minear·
 ­Jessica Sharzer
 

Related articles
­Awards and nominations·
 ­Characters·
 ­Quotations
 

­Portal Horror fiction portal·
 ­Television portal
 

 

Categories: American Horror Story (season 1) episodes
Halloween television episodes
2011 television episodes



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Idle Hands

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Jump to: navigation, search

For the song, see Stone Sour (album).

Idle Hands
Idle Hands poster.jpg
Theatrical release poster

Directed by
Rodman Flender
Produced by
Jeffrey Sudzin
 Andrew Licht
 Suzanne Todd
 Jennifer Todd
Written by
Terri Hughes
 Ron Milbauer
Starring
Devon Sawa
Seth Green
Elden Henson
Jessica Alba
Vivica A. Fox
Music by
Graeme Revell
Distributed by
Columbia Pictures
Release date(s)
April 30, 1999
Running time
92 minutes
Language
English
Budget
$25 million[1]
Box office
$4,152,230[1]
Idle Hands is a 1999 horror comedy film directed by Rodman Flender, written by Terri Hughes and Ron Milbauer, and starring Devon Sawa, Seth Green, Elden Henson, Jessica Alba, and Vivica A. Fox. The main plot follows the life of an average lazy stoner teenager, Anton Tobias (portrayed by Sawa), whose hand becomes possessed and goes on a killing spree, even after being cut off from his arm. The film's name is based on the saying "idle hands are the Devil's play-things" or "idle hands do the Devil's work".[2]

Contents
  [hide] 1 Plot
2 Cast
3 Music
4 Reception
5 Box Office
6 References
7 External links
Plot[edit]
Lazy stoner teenager Anton Tobias' (Devon Sawa) parents (Fred Willard and Connie Ray) wind up dead on Halloween, with all the clues pointing to him. After killing his best friends Pnub (Elden Henson) and Mick (Seth Green), he realizes that his right hand has become possessed. Unable to control his hand, Anton throws his cat across the street and while searching for it, he encounters his neighbor Molly (Jessica Alba) and the two start a relationship. Anton holds a funeral for his parents and friends. However, Pnub and Mick decide not to go to heaven, returning to their former bodies and rising from the grave.
Meanwhile, a druidic high priestess named Debi LeCure (Vivica A. Fox) is hunting the spirit responsible for killings across the country. After his hand kills two cops in his living room, Anton cuts it off with a cleaver. Pnub and Mick seek out a First-Aid Kit while Anton traps the hand in a microwave, burning it. Meanwhile, Debi (now along with Randy (Jack Noseworthy), Anton's neighbor) hunts Anton down to put a stop to the possessed hand. After sending Molly to the school dance, Anton returns home to finish off the hand. Unfortunately Pnub and Mick inadvertently release the hand. The three then steal Randy's truck and head to the school.
Mick and Pnub go to the Halloween dance to watch over Molly, while Anton looks for the hand. Randy and Debi meet up with Anton. Debi explains that the hand will drag Molly's soul into the netherworld. Anton crashes the dance and tries to warn everyone about his hand, but is ignored.
The hand then scalps the band's lead singer (Dexter Holland of The Offspring) and causes a panic. Molly and her friend Tanya (Katie Wright) escape through the vents. After Tanya is chopped up by a vent fan, Molly runs into the art room, only to be knocked out. Anton enters and fights with the hand while it is inside a puppet but it escapes to the autoshop, where Molly is strapped to a car being raised toward the ceiling. Anton, Mick & Pnub fight with the hand over the controls. Mick finds a mechanic's bong and he and Pnub smoke "for strength". Anton blows some smoke into the hand (still inside a hand-puppet) until it drops the controls and they save Molly. Debi throws a ritual knife into the hand, stopping it in a puff of smoke and fire. She and Randy take off for "ritualistic sex." Anton releases Molly from the top of the car, they go under the car and start making out. In the process of lighting the bong for Mick, Pnub accidentally hits the controls for the car, and Anton is crushed by the car.
In the film's conclusion, Anton is in a body-cast in the hospital, having given up heaven to stay with Molly, and Mick and Pnub are now his Guardian Angels.
Cast[edit]
Devon Sawa – Anton Tobias
Seth Green – Mick
Elden Henson – Pnub
Jessica Alba – Molly
Vivica A. Fox – Debi LeCure
Christopher Hart – The Hand
Jack Noseworthy – Randy
Katie Wright – Tanya
Sean Whalen – Officer McMacy
Nicholas Sadler – Officer Ruck
Fred Willard – Mr. Tobias, Anton's father
Connie Ray – Mrs. Tobias, Anton's mother
Steve Van Wormer – Curtis
Kelly Monaco – Tiffany
Timothy Stack – Principal Tidwell
The Offspring – Band
Dexter Holland – Himself
Tom Delonge – Burger Jungle employee
Robert Englund- voice of the Hand
Music[edit]
"Beheaded (1999)" — The Offspring (OST)
"Bleeding Boy" — Disappointment Incorporated (OST) *
"Bloodclot" — Rancid
"Cailin" — Unwritten Law (OST)
"Core (In Time)" — David Garza
"Dragula [Hot Rod Herman Remix]" — Rob Zombie (OST)
"Enthused" — blink-182 (OST) *
"Glow in the Dark" — David Garza
"How Do You Feel" — Vanessa Daou
"I Am a Pig" — Two
"I Wanna Be Sedated" — The Offspring
"Idle Hands Theme" — Graeme Revell (OST)
"Mama Said Knock You Out" — The Waking Hours (OST) *
"Mindtrip" — Zebrahead
"Mindtrip" [Idle Hands Mix] — Zebrahead (OST) *
"My Girlfriend's Dead" — The Vandals (OST) *
"New York Groove" — Ace Frehley
"Peppyrock" — BTK
"Pop That Coochie" — 2 Live Crew
"Push It" — Static-X (OST)
"Rude Boy Rock" — Lionrock (OST)
"Santeria" — Sublime
"Second Solution" — The Living End (OST)
"Shout at the Devil" — Mötley Crüe (OST)
note:* not in film
Reception[edit]
The movie was critically mauled.[3][4][5] Over the years however it has acquired cult film status and continues to sell reasonably well on DVD. Jeremy Wheeler at Allmovie.com gave the film a positive review stating: "It's definitely a case of better than you think. this horror comedy is high on gags and giant doses of marijuana... as is the love for gore and decapitated hand insanity to entertain any happy horror fiend." The film also continues to maintain a 6.0 out of 10 stars rating on IMDb.com.
Box Office[edit]
The film opened on April 30, 1999, in 1,611 theaters. It grossed $1.8 million during its first week, and then a total of just over $4 million on a budget of $20–25 million, making it a box office flop.[6][7]
References[edit]
1.^ Jump up to: a b "Idle Hands (1999)". Box Office Mojo. Retrieved 2013-09-02.
2.Jump up ^ "It's Their Party - Los Angeles Times". Articles.latimes.com. 1998-06-07. Retrieved 2013-09-02.
3.Jump up ^ Grey, Ian (2013-08-28). "Idle Hands Movie Review & Film Summary (1999)". Roger Ebert. Retrieved 2013-09-02.
4.Jump up ^ http://movies.nytimes.com/movie/review?res=9D04E3DD103DF933A05757C0A96F958260
5.Jump up ^ "Slacker Dude Meets Splatter Flick in Energetic, Goofy 'Idle Hands' - Los Angeles Times". Articles.latimes.com. 1999-04-30. Retrieved 2013-09-02.
6.Jump up ^ "A Case of 'Entrapment' - Los Angeles Times". Articles.latimes.com. 1999-05-04. Retrieved 2013-09-02.
7.Jump up ^ May 03, 1999 (2008-12-23). "'Entrapment' Snares Top Spot With Charismatic Stars' Help - Los Angeles Times". Articles.latimes.com. Retrieved 2013-09-02.

 This article uses bare URLs for citations, which may be threatened by link rot. Please consider adding full citations so that the article remains verifiable. Several templates and the Reflinks tool are available to assist in formatting. (Reflinks documentation) (August 2013) 
External links[edit]
Idle Hands at the Internet Movie Database
Idle Hands at AllRovi
 

Categories: 1999 films
1999 horror films
American comedy horror films
American teen comedy films
Films about Halloween
1990s comedy horror films




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Citizen Toxie: The Toxic Avenger IV

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Citizen Toxie:
 The Toxic Avenger Part IV
Toxie4.jpg
Theatrical release poster

Directed by
Lloyd Kaufman
Produced by
Lloyd Kaufman
Michael Herz
Written by
Lloyd Kaufman
Michael Herz
 Patrick Cassidy
Trent Haaga
Starring
David Mattey
Clyde Lewis
 Heidi Sjursen
 Paul Kyrmse
Joe Fleishaker
Debbie Rochon
Ron Jeremy
Corey Feldman
Andrew Kirby
Music by
Wes Nagy
Cinematography
Brendan Flynt
Editing by
Gabriel Friedman
Distributed by
Troma Entertainment
Release date(s)
2000
Running time
99 minutes
Country
United States
Language
English
Citizen Toxie: The Toxic Avenger Part IV is a 2000 American superhero comedy film released by Troma Entertainment, directed by Lloyd Kaufman. This movie is described as "the real sequel" to the 1985 film The Toxic Avenger by the narrator in the prologue, with the first two sequels The Toxic Avenger Part II and III described as "rotten".

Contents
  [hide] 1 Plot
2 Cast 2.1 Leading Roles
2.2 Cameos
3 References to real-life events
4 Deleted scenes
5 References
6 External links
Plot[edit]
[icon] This section requires expansion. (March 2012)
When the notorious Diaper Mafia take hostage the Tromaville School for the Very Special, only the Toxic Avenger and his morbidly obese sidekick Lardass can save Tromaville. However, an explosion results in some unforeseeable consequences where it creates a dimensional tear between Tromaville and its dimensional mirror image Amortville. While the Toxic Avenger (Toxie) is trapped in Amortville, Tromaville comes under the control of the superhuman powered hero's evil doppelgänger the Noxious Offender (Noxie). With the citizens of Tromaville unaware of the switch, Mayor Goldberg decides to combat "Toxie" by calling in every superhero he can afford.
Cast[edit]
Leading Roles[edit]
David Mattey as The Toxic Avenger, The Noxious Offender, Chester's Fellatio Customer
Clyde Lewis as The Toxic Avenger (voice)
Heidi Sjursen as Sarah / Claire
Paul Kyrmse as Sgt. Kabukiman, Evil Kabukiman
Joe Fleishaker as Chester/Lardass
Dan Snow as Sgt. Kazinski
Michael Budinger as Tito
Lisa Terezakis as Sweety Honey
Ron Jeremy as Mayor Goldberg
Barry Brisco as Pompey
Debbie Rochon as Ms. Weiner
Trent Haaga as Tex Diaper
Anthony "Tony Goggles" Cantanese as Mad Cowboy, Evil Mad Cowboy
Stan Lee as the Narrator
Cameos[edit]
Michael H. Baker Jr. as Noxie Baby
Mitch Cohen as Lucifer: Dragging Redneck #1
Rick Collins as the Amortville Police Chief
Hank the Angry Drunken Dwarf as God
Kevin Eastman as a Biker
Caleb Emerson as Rex Daiper
Lisa Gaye as an Abortion Counselor
Al Goldstein as Mayor Goldberg's press secretary
James Gunn as Dr. Flem Hocking
Hugh Hefner as the President of the United States (uncredited)
Lloyd Kaufman as a Man in a public service announcement (uncredited)
Will Keenan as a Man getting hit by a car
Lemmy Kilmister as Himself
Corey Feldman as Sarah's Gynecologist
Gabriel Friedman and Sean McGrath as two unnamed Super Heroes
Tom Fulp as a New Wave Painter
Greg Nolasco as Dragging Redneck #2
Rory Quinn as Toxie Baby
Eli Roth as a frightened citizen
Yaniv Sharon as Lex Diaper
Tiffany Shepis as Beautiful Interpretive Dancer
Jason Sklar as Jason Gonzales
Randy Sklar as Randy Diaz
Julie Strain as a Tromadu Model
Olivier Tendon - Dolphin Man, Kabukiman's Drinking Buddy
Mark Torgl as Melvin Junko
Bill Weeden as an Abortion Doctor
References to real-life events[edit]
Many issues are tackled in this film. Neo-Nazism and abortion are present in the film, as well as references to the dragging of a black man in Texas and the Columbine High School massacre. Furthermore, the terrorist group at the beginning of the film is called the Diaper Mafia, in reference to the real-life Trenchcoat Mafia, a high school clique that the two Columbine shooters were believed to be part-time members of.
The film premiered in the United States shortly following the September 11, 2001 attacks. Most mainstream film companies that featured the World Trade Center underwent additional editing to avoid distress. Kaufman chose to leave the World Trade Center in the final cut of the film, arguing that most viewers would be able to see the Twin Towers without being distressed. In an early scene in which the Diaper Mafia has taken the students as hostages, the Diaper Mafia are described by one member as "better than the Trenchcoat Mafia."
Deleted scenes[edit]
Scenes featuring Hugh Hefner during the black and white Newsreel segment of the Toxic Avenger IV were cut prior to its theatrical release due to a cease-and-desist order from Hefner's lawyers. Hefner was initially fine with appearing in the film but his lawyers ended up convincing him that he was unfairly coerced into being in the movie. During the "Special Thanks To" sequence of the final credits, there's a special "No thanks to Hugh Hefner's lawyers" credit. [1]
References[edit]

External links[edit]
Official website
Official Troma site
Citizen Toxie: The Toxic Avenger IV at the Internet Movie Database
Citizen Toxie: The Toxic Avenger IV at AllRovi
Citizen Toxie: The Toxic Avenger IV at Rotten Tomatoes

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Elephant (2003 film)

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Elephant
Elephant movie poster.jpg
Theatrical release poster

Directed by
Gus Van Sant
Produced by
Diane Keaton
 Dany Wolf
JT LeRoy
Written by
Gus Van Sant
Starring
Alex Frost
Eric Deulen
John Robinson
Cinematography
Harris Savides
Editing by
Gus van Sant
Studio
HBO Films
Distributed by
Fine Line Features
Release date(s)
October 24, 2003

Running time
81 minutes
Country
United States
Language
English
Budget
$3 million
Box office
$10,020,543
Elephant is a 2003 drama film edited, written and directed by Gus Van Sant. It takes place in the fictional Watt High School, in the suburbs of Portland, Oregon, and chronicles the events surrounding a school shooting, based in part on the 1999 Columbine High School massacre. The film begins a short time before the shooting occurs, following the lives of several characters both in and out of school, who are unaware of what is about to unfold. The film stars mostly new or non-professional actors, including John Robinson, Alex Frost, and Eric Deulen.
Elephant is the second film in Van Sant's "Death Trilogy" — the first being Gerry (2002) and the third being Last Days (2005) — in which all three are based on actual events.
Elephant was generally acclaimed by critics and received the Palme d'Or at the 2003 Cannes Film Festival,[1] in which Patrice Chéreau was the head of the jury. As the first high-profile movie to depict a high school shooting since Columbine, the film was controversial for its subject matter and possible influence on teenage copy-cats.

Contents
  [hide] 1 Plot
2 Cast
3 Production 3.1 Title
4 Release 4.1 Critical reception
4.2 Box office
5 Relationship to Red Lake High School massacre
6 See also
7 References
8 External links
Plot[edit]
The film opens with Mr. McFarland (Timothy Bottoms) driving erratically down a residential street on the way to drop off his son, John (John Robinson). John notices damage to the car and realizes that his father is drunk, so John instructs him to move to the passenger seat and let him drive.
The camera then follows students as they walk down the hallways, talk to friends, and go to class. Many characters are shown in long tracking shots that do not turn away. Alex (Alex Frost) and Eric (Eric Deulen) are shown being bullied at school by the so-called jocks, one of whom diverts a teacher and then throws a spitball at Alex during science class. Later, Alex and Eric are shown at home ordering weapons from a website and receiving a rifle in the mail. While Alex is taking a shower, Eric gets in with him. He claims that he has never kissed anyone before, and the two kiss. The two are later shown formulating an attack plan. The next day, Alex and Eric prepare for the shooting, then make their way to school in silence in Alex's car.
After arriving at school, Alex and Eric encounter John outside and tell him to leave, as some "heavy shit's about to go down". Realizing what is about to happen, John attempts to warn others not to enter the school, to little effect. The two gunmen then enter the school, and after their plans to blow up parts of the school with propane bombs fail, begin shooting indiscriminately. Elias (Elias McConnell) photographs them entering the library where they open fire, shooting several students, including Michelle and presumably Elias.
Realizing that the gunfire is real, students now begin to panic, while teachers attempt to quickly evacuate everyone. The two boys separate, continuing their killing spree. Alex enters the bathroom where Brittany, Jordan and Nicole are, presumably shooting all three. Mr. Luce, cornered by Eric in a hallway, begs Eric to lower his weapon and talk to him, but Eric yells, "I ain't putting shit down!" and fires at him. He does speak to Mr. Luce, however; while he is doing so, he turns around suddenly to see Benny approaching him. Eric shoots and presumably kills Benny. Eric turns back to Luce and warns him not to bully kids like Alex and himself. He then agrees to let the man go, only to gun him down seconds later.
Alex enters the cafeteria, which is strewn with overturned chairs, backpacks, several dead bodies, and numerous abandoned half-eaten lunches, and sits down. In what appears to be a subtle but direct reference to surveillance video footage shot in the Columbine High School cafeteria of Eric Harris, Alex picks up a cup from an abandoned lunch and casually drinks from it. Eric meets up with him, and they have a brief conversation, which ends when Alex shoots Eric in mid-sentence. Alex then leaves the cafeteria, showing no emotion over shooting Eric, and discovers Carrie and Nathan in a freezer. He tauntingly recites "Eeny, meeny, miny, moe" to them to decide whom he should kill first. The film ends without resolution; the last shot is similar to the first, a cloudy blue sky.
Cast[edit]



 Alex (Alex Frost) on his shooting rampage.Alex Frost as Alex, the more intelligent of the two killers, implied to be the one in charge. He is an accomplished but frustrated pianist and sketch artist. He and Eric have a short love affair before the massacre, both citing the fact that they had never been kissed.
Eric Deulen as Eric, a slacker, Alex's friend, and the other killer. He is less intelligent than Alex, and Alex is obviously aware of this. He is shot in the chest by Alex near the end of the film, while talking about who he had killed earlier.
John Robinson as John McFarland, Alex's friend who has trouble at school while managing his alcoholic father. Alex effectively saves his life by warning him to stay away from the massacre.
Timothy Bottoms as Mr. McFarland, John's alcoholic father.
Matt Malloy as Mr. Luce, the principal of the school. Cornered by Eric, who briefly spares him, he is presumed dead after being shot several times.
Elias McConnell as Elias, an aspiring photography student building his portfolio with portraits of other students. Although not shown, he is presumed shot and killed in the library.
Nathan Tyson and Carrie Finklea as Nathan and Carrie, a popular lifeguard/football player and his girlfriend. At least one of the two is shot and probably killed when Alex corners them in the cafeteria meat locker. Alex taunts Eeny, meeny, miny, moe and it is unknown which one he shot, if the other survived, or if he proceeded to murder both teens.
Kristen Hicks as Michelle, a nerdy girl ashamed of her body. The film follows her through the locker room and into the library where she assists. She is the first to die during the massacre.
Brittany Mountain, Jordan Taylor, and Nicole George as Brittany, Jordan, and Nicole, three bulimic girls who talk incessantly, gripe about parents, and squabble with one another. All are presumed shot and killed by Alex.
Bennie Dixon as Benny, an athletic student who helps Acadia escape out of a window before approaching Eric. He is shot and presumed dead after trying to help Mr. Luce.
Alicia Miles as Acadia, a close friend of John and a member of the Gay-Straight Alliance. She is assumed to have a panic disorder which causes her to freeze and break down in times of fear or stress. During the shooting, Benny discovers her standing still in a classroom and helps her escape from the school and the shooters.
Production[edit]
The film began as a television film that Van Sant had intended to make about the Columbine High School massacre; eventually, the idea of a factual account was dropped.[citation needed]
Elephant was filmed in Van Sant's hometown, Portland, Oregon in late 2002, on the former campus of Whitaker Middle School (previously Adams High School). Whitaker was closed by the Portland Public Schools in 2001 due to structural problems and safety concerns with the school building. The Whitaker/Adams building, completed in 1969, was torn down in 2007.
The script was "written" to its final form during shooting, with cast members improvising freely and collaborating in the direction of scenes.
JT LeRoy is credited as an associate producer for the film. JT is a pen name for author Laura Albert.
Title[edit]
The title is a tribute to the 1989 BBC short film of the same name, directed by Alan Clarke. Van Sant originally believed Clarke's title referred to the story of several blind men trying to describe an elephant and each one drawing different conclusions based on which body part they were touching. Later, he found out that it was referring to the phrase "elephant in the room", a reference to the collective denial of some very obvious problem. Van Sant's film uses the earlier interpretation, as the same general timeline is shown multiple times from multiple viewpoints.
The earlier film reflects on sectarian violence in Northern Ireland. Van Sant's minimalist style and use of tracking shots mirrors Clarke's film.[2][3]
A drawing of an elephant as well as an image of an elephant on a throw on the bed can be seen in Alex's room, while he plays the piano.
Release[edit]
Elephant premiered in North America at a benefit for the Outside In youth shelter in Portland, at the Arlene Schnitzer Concert Hall, in Portland, Oregon, on Saturday, October 4, 2003, with several teenagers who appeared in the film in attendance.
The film was released for incremental distribution by HBO, in 100 theaters in the United States, beginning October 24, 2003. English language release on DVD and VHS began on May 4, 2004.
Critical reception[edit]
Elephant currently carries a 72% "fresh" rating on review aggregator Rotten Tomatoes.[4] It first made They Shoot Pictures, Don't They 's list of 1,000 most acclaimed films in January 2010.
Box office[edit]
Elephant was in release for 11 weeks in the United States, from October 2003 to January 2004. It grossed $1,266,955 domestically and $10,012,022 worldwide.[5]
Relationship to Red Lake High School massacre[edit]
The 2005 Red Lake High School Massacre was briefly blamed on the film Elephant as it was viewed by gunman Jeff Weise 17 days prior to the shooting.[6] A friend of Weise said that he brought the film over to a friend's house and skipped ahead to parts that showed two students planning and carrying out a school massacre. Although they talked about the film afterwards, Weise said and did nothing to make anyone suspect what he was planning.[7]
See also[edit]
Eric Harris and Dylan Klebold, the students behind the Columbine High School massacre
Bowling for Columbine, a documentary about gun violence in America with emphasis on the Columbine massacre
Duck! The Carbine High Massacre, a film made in 2000 inspired by the Columbine High School massacre
Heart of America, another film revolving around a fictionalized school massacre
Zero Day, another film inspired by the Columbine High School massacre made in 2003
The Only Way, a 2004 independent film inspired by the Columbine High School massacre
2:37, a 2006 film set in Australia that follows the same themes and style
References[edit]
1.Jump up ^ "Festival de Cannes: Elephant". festival-cannes.com. Retrieved 2009-11-05.
2.Jump up ^ Lim, Dennis. "Film", Village Voice, 31 August 2004.
3.Jump up ^ Cowan, Noah. "Cannes 2003", filmmakermagazine.com
4.Jump up ^ Elephant at Rotten Tomatoes
5.Jump up ^ "Elephant (2003)". Box Office Mojo. Retrieved 2010-10-23.
6.Jump up ^ Hancock, David. "Red Lake Shooting Conspiracy?", CBS/Associated Press, 30 March 2005.
7.Jump up ^ "Suspected Red Lake shooter watched movie about a school attack ." KTVO-TV.
External links[edit]
 Wikiquote has a collection of quotations related to: Elephant (2003 film)
Elephant
Elephant at the Internet Movie Database
Elephant at AllRovi
Elephant at Box Office Mojo
Elephant at Rotten Tomatoes

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Categories: 2003 films
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The Only Way (2004 film)

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The Only Way

Directed by
David Zimmerman III
 Levi Steven Obery
Produced by
David Zimmerman III
 Levi Steven Obery
Written by
Levi Steven Obery
Starring
Billy Kearney
Cinematography
David Zimmerman III
Distributed by
Ten Thirty-One Pictures Entertainment
Release date(s)
May 21, 2004

Running time
84 minutes
Country
United States
Language
English
The Only Way is a 2004 American film about a school shooting directed by David Zimmerman III and Levi Steven Obery. The film is loosely based on the April 20, 1999 tragedy at Columbine High School. The film was shot entirely on location in Metamora, Illinois, Washington, Illinois, Pekin, Illinois, and Peoria, Illinois with Metamora Township High School, the same high school from which the film's directors graduated,[1] serving as the principal location.

Contents
  [hide] 1 Home media
2 See also
3 References
4 External links
Home media[edit]
A limited edition DVD of the film was released on June 19, 2007. The DVD contained the original version of the film (also referred to as the "school cut") and a new "re-cut" version of the film. The 2007 version is slightly different than the original version and most notably contains more violent gruesome imagery and language not suitable for the premiere of the film, which took place at Metamora Township High School. On December 29, 2008, two new DVDs were released: the School Cut Special Edition and the Re-Cut Special Edition. Both versions of the film were also made available On Demand for the first time. The School Cut is targeted at schools and other organizations for educational purposes. A new website, tenthirtyonepictures.com/theonlywayteaches, was launched by the filmmakers with resources for teachers and parents.
See also[edit]
Columbine High School massacre
Columbine High School massacre in modern culture
School shooting
References[edit]
1.Jump up ^ McDonald, Karen (May 20, 2004). "Showing another way: Duo has put 2 years of work into film on reality of violence in schools". Peoria Journal Star, p. B2.
External links[edit]
The Only Way at the Internet Movie Database
Official website
Resources for Teachers and Parents
Stub icon This 2000s drama film-related article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.
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Categories: 2004 films
English-language films
2000s drama films
American teen drama films
American drama films
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Heart of America (film)

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Question book-new.svg
 This article does not cite any references or sources. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. (October 2009) 

Heart of America
BLIT1463.jpg
DVD release cover

Directed by
Uwe Boll
Produced by
Shawn Williamson
Wolfgang Herold
Written by
Robert Dean Klein
Starring
Jürgen Prochnow
María Conchita Alonso
Clint Howard
Miles Meadows
Brendan Fletcher
Lochlyn Munro
 Will Sanderson
Maeve Quinlan
G. Michael Gray
 Michael Belyea
 with Patrick Muldoon
 and Michael Pare
Music by
Reinhard Besser
Editing by
David M. Richardson
Release date(s)
September 5, 2002 (Oldenburg International
 Film Festival)

Running time
87 minutes
Country
Canada
 Germany
Language
English
Budget
$5 million (estimated)
Heart of America (also called Heart Of America: Home Room or simply Home Room; not to be confused with the 2002 film Home Room) is a 2002 drama film by German director Uwe Boll about a fictional school shooting in a suburban high school. The film also addresses the issue of school bullying.

Contents
  [hide] 1 Plot
2 Cast
3 Reception
4 See also
5 References
6 External links
Plot [edit]
The last day of school contains many problems for both teachers and students of Riverton High School, and there are multiple storylines about this.
The principal, Harold Lewis, must discipline English teacher William Pratt, who has let his professional frustrations get the better of him, while guidance counselor Vanessa Jones attempts to get through to student drug dealer Wex Presley, who is ruining her students.
Meanwhile, Principal Lewis' daughter, Karen, is having trouble with her boyfriend, Tommy, outcast Dara McDermott craves drugs, a pregnant girl named Robin Walters argues with her boyfriend, Kevin Rhodes, about her future options, and bully Ricky Herman begins to recognize the consequences of his actions.
Unbeknownst to these people, two bullied students, Daniel Lynn and Barry Shultz, are about to shoot up the school as an act of revenge against their tormentors. Barry, however, is having second thoughts, while hate-filled Daniel prepares to unleash his anger. Daniel decides to attack his high school on the last day, insisting that he does not care if he lives or dies, tired of constant harshness and abuse from his uncaring father, Artie, and from bullies at school; Ricky amongst them. On the last day, Daniel carries out his plan, aided by Dara, who spontaneously joins him. Daniel confronts three of his past tormentors: Paul, Ricky, and Jeff, and kills them. Kevin is shot and killed when he and Robin come into the line of fire, much to Daniel's regret, while Robin is spared. Meanwhile, Dara walks into her English class and kills Mr. Pratt, and Karen, who had been a rival for the attentions of Tommy. Dara is then subdued by bully Donny Pritzee, who was presumbably in love with Karen, and is turned over to the police. Barry walks away from the school, having bailed out on the plan, believing there are other responses to the abuse he and Daniel suffered in the past.
As the film ends, a reporter informs the public of the school shooting, revealing that Daniel committed suicide, and the camera turns away from the TV to show Barry's and Daniel's shocked parents watching. At Daniel's home, the phone begins to ring, but Artie cannot bring himself to pick it up.
Cast[edit]
KillersKett Turton as Daniel Lynne, the ringleader of the shootings.
Elisabeth Rosen as Dara McDermott, a meth-addicted outcast.
KidsMichael Belyea as Barry Shultz, Daniel's best friend
Elisabeth Moss as Robin Walters, a pregnant girl who hopes to become a waitress.
G. Michael Gray as Wex Presley, a student drug dealer who sells meth to Dara.
Kevin Mundy as Tommy Bruno, Karyn's boyfriend and a jock.
Spencer Achtymichuk as James Pratt, Will's toddler-aged son, who has a habit of repeating the curse words Will lets slip.
Lily Shavick as Paula, Karyn's best friend.
Michaela Mann as Slow White
Chris Jovick as Kenny
Justin Stillwell as Joe
Mike Savage as Dave
BulliesWill Sanderson as Frank Herman, the head bully.
Matthew MacCaull as Donald "Donny" Pritzi, a jock/bully.
Christopher Marvrikos as Lenny, the least intelligent of the bullies.
AdultsJurgen Prochnow as Harold Lewis, the principal of Riverside High School.
Maria Conchita Alonso as Vanessa Jones, the school's guidance counselor.
Clint Howard as Arthur "Artie" Lynne, Daniel's abusive, uncaring father.
Maeve Quinlan as Becky Schultz, Barry's mother.
Chilton Crane as Helena Pratt, Will's wife and James' mother.
Lesley Ewin and Brigit Stein as Ms. Weinberg and Mrs. Hall, the school's office administrators.
Patrick Muldoon as Ryan Kirkland, a friend of Will's who works at the school.
VictimsAlejandro Rae as Paul
Brendan Fletcher as Ricky Herman
Steve Byers as Jeff, another bully
Miles Meadows as Kevin Rhodes, Robin's boyfriend
Michael Pare as William Pratt, the creative writing teacher. He is closely linked to Dave Sanders, as both were the only teachers killed in their respective shootings.
Stephanie MacGillivray as Karyn Lewis, the principal's daughter.
MiscellaneousBenjamin Derrick as the mailman
Lochlyn Munro as the reporter
Brad Loree as a man with a mask
Brent Connolly, Richard Kahan, and John Kralt as additional students
Nick Allen, David Ferguson, Gary Ferguson, and Dustin Brooks as "small students"
Reception[edit]
The film holds no score based on critics' reviews at the review aggregator website Rotten Tomatoes though 43% of users liked it.[1]
See also[edit]
School Violence
Elephant - A film inspired by the Columbine High School massacre
Zero Day, Another 2003 film inspired by the Columbine High School massacre
The Only Way, a 2004 American independent film inspired by the Columbine High School massacre
Duck! The Carbine High Massacre - Yet another film inspired by the Columbine High School massacre
The Class - (Estonian: Klass) is an Estonian movie about school violence directed by Ilmar Raag
References[edit]
1.Jump up ^ Heart of America (Home Room) (2003). Rotten Tomatoes. Retrieved March 28, 2013.
External links[edit]
Heart of America at the Internet Movie Database

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 In the Name of the King (2006)·
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 Far Cry (2008)·
 Stoic (2009)·
 Rampage (2009)·
 Darfur (2009)
 

2010s
The Final Storm (2010)·
 Max Schmeling (2010)·
 BloodRayne: The Third Reich (2010)·
 Auschwitz (2011)·
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 In the Name of the King 2: Two Worlds (2011)·
 Assault on Wall Street (2013)·
 Suddenly (2013)·
 The Profane Exhibit (segment "Basement", upcoming)·
 In the Name of the King 3 (2013) (upcoming)·
 Postal 2 (2014) (upcoming)
 

 

Categories: 2002 films
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Films directed by Uwe Boll
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Zero Day (film)

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Zero Day
Zero Day film.jpg
Film poster

Directed by
Ben Coccio
Produced by
Ben Coccio
Written by
Ben Coccio
Christopher Coccio

Starring
Andre Keuck
Cal Robertson

Distributed by
Avatar Films
Release date(s)
September 3, 2003

Running time
92 minutes
Country
United States
Language
English
Budget
$20,000
Box office
$8,466[1]
Zero Day is a 2003 American film directed by Ben Coccio about a school shooting. It was inspired by the 1999 Columbine High School massacre.[2]

Contents
  [hide] 1 Plot
2 Cast
3 Production
4 Reception 4.1 Critical Response
4.2 Box Office Performance
5 Awards
6 See also
7 References
8 External links
Plot[edit]
The film begins with the introduction of Andre Kriegman and Calvin Gabriel announcing their intention to attack their high school, calling their plan "Zero Day". They keep a video diary on the camera, carefully hiding it from their friends and families. The majority of the film is portrayed through their video filming, and shows them planning, preparing, and explaining some of their motives.
Other scenes show the two attending Andre's birthday party, egging the house of someone they dislike, and Cal going to the prom while Andre works at a pizza place. In one video entry, Cal notes the origin of the name "Zero Day": Cal and Andre originally planned to attack on the first day on which the temperature dropped to zero degrees after they had finished their preparations. This plan soon proved impractical, and they set May 1, 2001 as the new date. Wanting their attack to have a memorable name, they agreed to keep the original title.
The final scene of the movie show the boys arriving at school on May 1 and preparing their plan and weapons in Andre's car. Andre says that he could never have carried out Zero Day without Cal's help, a sentiment Cal echoes. They run into the school, armed with three pistols, an M1 carbine, and a 12-gauge pump-action shotgun, all stolen from Andre's father and his cousin. The shooting is shown through the viewpoint of security cameras. The dialogue is heard via the cell phone of a student who is shot and killed. Shooting at anyone they see, Andre and Cal eventually see law enforcement arriving in force after sixteen minutes of shooting. After arguing over whether to engage the police in gunfire, the pair decided to count to three and shoot themselves.
The next scene is set on May 10, nine days after the shooting. A group of youths film themselves going to a park where memorial crosses are standing. They say that Andre and Cal killed twelve students and themselves. Finding crosses for the pair, they set them on fire and run back to their cars. The last scene shows the two crosses burning.
Cast[edit]
In order of appearance:
Andre Keuck as Andre Kriegman
Cal Robertson as Calvin Gabriel
Christopher Coccio as Chris Kriegman
Gerhard Keuck as Andre's Father
Johanne Keuck as Andre's Mother
Rachel Benichak as Rachel Lurie
Pam Robertson as Cal's Mother
Steve Robertson as Cal's Father
Production[edit]
Ben Coccio recalls that he was in a Brooklyn pizzeria on the day of the 1999 Columbine High School massacre, and saw coverage of the event on the eatery's television, commenting, "I remember thinking that I was surprised that it hadn't happened sooner." Coccio was also struck by the extent to which Eric Harris and Dylan Klebold planned that shooting, compared to the impromptu crimes of passion that typified other school shootings. Coccio became eager to address the story in a way that was not exploitative, and drew upon his own views of high school as a place of tension where "anything could happen at any time". Coccio's theory of student school shooters is not that they are the most bullied, as such students tend to develop feelings of inferiority and are likely to harm themselves. Coccio feels that shooters tend to be students with feelings of superiority, and that "when other people don’t confirm that, it really gets under their skin."[2]
None of the numerous Connecticut high schools where he sought to film the movie would allow Coccio access, and ended up using the interior of a building at State University of New York at Purchase in New Milford, Connecticut, which featured an "appropriately fortress-like" exterior that reminded Coccio of his own high school. When casting the leads, Coccio eschewed looking to "annoying New York actor kids", but inquired at local high school drama departments, and found Andre Keuck and Cal Robertson, who came from theater backgrounds, and who were allowed to improvise.[2]
Reception[edit]
Critical Response[edit]
Zero Day has received mostly positive reviews from critics, currently holding a 68% approval rating on Rotten Tomatoes, as well as a 74% audience approval rating.
Box Office Performance[edit]
Despite positive reviews, Zero Day was a box-office bomb, only managing to win back about $8,500, nearly 43% of its $20,000 budget.
Awards[edit]

Question book-new.svg
 This section does not cite any references or sources. Please help improve this section by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. (March 2013) 
Atlanta Film Festival – Grand Jury Award 2003
Boston Underground Film Festival – Best of Festival 2003
Film Fest New Haven – Audience Choice Award, Best Dramatic Feature 2003
Florida Film Festival – Grand Jury Award 2003
Rhode Island Film Festival – Audience Award 2003
Slamdunk Film Festival – Grand Jury Award 2003
See also[edit]
Columbine High School massacre
School shooting
References[edit]
1.Jump up ^ http://boxofficemojo.com/movies/?id=zeroday.htm
2.^ Jump up to: a b c Roeder, Amy (September 1, 2002). "Zero Score". New England Film.
External links[edit]
 Wikiquote has a collection of quotations related to: Zero Day (film)
Zero Day at the Internet Movie Database
 

Categories: 2003 films
English-language films
American films
2000s drama films
American drama films
Works about the Columbine High School massacre
Directorial debut films
Found footage films
Films about school violence
Films based on actual events



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Bowling for Columbine

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Bowling for Columbine
Bowling for columbine.jpg
Theatrical release poster

Directed by
Michael Moore
Produced by
Kathleen Glynn
 Jim Czarnecki
 Charles Bishop
Michael Donovan[1]
Written by
Michael Moore
Narrated by
Michael Moore
Music by
Jeff Gibbs
Editing by
Kurt Engfehr
Studio
Alliance Atlantis
Dog Eat Dog Films
Salter Street Films
United Broadcasting
Distributed by
United Artists
Release date(s)
October 11, 2002

Running time
119 minutes
Country
United States
Language
English
Budget
$4 million
Box office
$58,008,423
Bowling for Columbine is a 2002 American documentary film written, directed and narrated by Michael Moore. The film explores what Moore suggests are the causes for the Columbine High School massacre in 1999 and other acts of violence with guns. Moore focuses on the background and environment in which the massacre took place and some common public opinions and assumptions about related issues. The film also looks into the nature of violence in the United States.
The film brought Moore international attention as a rising filmmaker and won numerous awards, including the Academy Award for Best Documentary Feature, the Independent Spirit Award for Best Documentary Feature, a special 55th Anniversary Prize at the 2002 Cannes Film Festival[2] and the César Award for Best Foreign Film.[3]

Contents
  [hide] 1 Film content 1.1 Bowling
1.2 Free gun for opening a bank account
1.3 "Happiness is a Warm Gun" montage
1.4 Weapons of mass destruction
1.5 "What a Wonderful World" montage
1.6 Climate of fear
1.7 Statistics
1.8 KMart refund
2 Reception
3 Criticisms 3.1 Free gun for opening a bank account
3.2 Ignoring the role of municipal governance
3.3 Weapons of mass destruction
3.4 Matt Stone
3.5 Charlton Heston interview
4 MPAA rating
5 Awards and nominations
6 Gross income
7 References
8 External links
Film content[edit]
In Moore's discussions with various people—including South Park co-creator Matt Stone, comedian Chris Rock, the National Rifle Association's then-president Charlton Heston, and heavy metal musician Marilyn Manson—he seeks to explain why the Columbine massacre occurred and why the United States' violent crime rate (especially concerning crimes committed with firearms) is substantially higher than other nations'.
Bowling[edit]
The film title originates from the story that Eric Harris and Dylan Klebold—the two students responsible for the Columbine High School massacre—attended a school bowling class early that morning, at 6:00 AM, before they committed the attacks at school starting at 11:17 AM. Later investigation showed that this was based on mistaken recollections, and Glenn Moore of the Golden Police Department concluded that they were absent from school on the day of the attack.[4]
Moore incorporates the concept of bowling in other ways as well. For example, the Michigan Militia uses bowling pins for their target practice. When interviewing former classmates of the two boys, Moore notes that the students took a bowling class in place of physical education. Moore notes this might have very little educational value; the girls he interviews generally agree. They note how Harris and Klebold had a very introverted lifestyle and a very careless attitude towards the game, and that nobody thought twice about it. Moore asks if the school system is responding to the real needs of their students or if they are reinforcing fear. Moore also interviews two young residents of Oscoda, Michigan; Moore suggests a culture of fear created by the government and the media. He says that fear leads Americans to arm themselves, to gun-making companies' advantage. Moore suggests sarcastically that bowling could have been just as responsible for the attacks on the school as Marilyn Manson, or even President Bill Clinton, who launched bombing attacks on several countries around that time.[5]
Free gun for opening a bank account[edit]



 Michael Moore upon receiving his free gun at the bank.[6]
An early scene depicts how Moore discovered a bank in Michigan that would give customers a free hunting rifle when they made a deposit of a certain size into a time deposit account.[6] The film follows Moore as he goes to the bank, makes his deposit, fills out the forms, and awaits the result of a background check before walking out of the bank carrying a brand new Weatherby hunting rifle. Just before leaving the bank, Moore jokingly asks, "Do you think it's a little dangerous handing out guns at a bank?"[7]
"Happiness is a Warm Gun" montage[edit]
About 20 minutes into the film, The Beatles song "Happiness Is a Warm Gun" plays during a montage in which the following footage is shown:
People buying guns.
Residents of Virgin, Utah, a town that passed a law requiring all residents to own guns.
People firing rifles at carnivals and shooting ranges.
Footage of Denise Ames operating a rifle.
Footage of Carey McWilliams, a visually impaired gun enthusiast from North Dakota.
Footage of Gary Plauche executing Jeff Doucet, who had kidnapped and molested Plauche's son.
The suicide of Budd Dwyer.
A 1993 murder where Emilio Nuñez shot his ex-wife Maritza Martin to death during an interview on the Telemundo program Ocurrió Asi.
The suicide of Daniel V. Jones, an AIDS/cancer patient who was protesting HMOs.
A man who takes his shirt off and is shot during a riot.
Weapons of mass destruction[edit]
Early in the film, Moore links the violent behavior of the Columbine shooters to the presence of a large defense establishment manufacturing rocket technology in Littleton. It is implied that the presence of this facility within the community, and the acceptance of institutionalized violence as a solution to conflict, contributed to the mindset that led to the massacre.
Moore conducts an interview with Evan McCollum, Director of Communications at a Lockheed Martin plant near Columbine, and asks him:
"So you don't think our kids say to themselves, 'Dad goes off to the factory every day, he builds missiles of mass destruction.' What's the difference between that mass destruction and the mass destruction over at Columbine High School?"
McCollum responds:
"I guess I don't see that specific connection because the missiles that you're talking about were built and designed to defend us from somebody else who would be aggressors against us."
"What a Wonderful World" montage[edit]
The film then cuts to a montage of American foreign policy decisions, with the intent to contradict McCollum's statement by citing examples of how the United States has frequently been the aggressor nation. This montage is set to the song "What a Wonderful World" performed by Louis Armstrong.
The following is an exact transcript of the onscreen text in the Wonderful World segment:
1.1953: U.S. overthrows Prime Minister Mohammed Mosaddeq of Iran. U.S. installs Shah as dictator.
2.1954: U.S. overthrows democratically-elected President Arbenz of Guatemala. 200,000 civilians killed.
3.1963: U.S. backs assassination of South Vietnamese President Diem.
4.1963-1975: American military kills 4 million people in Southeast Asia.
5.September 11, 1973: U.S. stages 1973 Chilean coup d'état in Chile. Democratically-elected President Salvador Allende assassinated. Dictator Augusto Pinochet installed. 3,000 Chileans murdered.
6.1977: U.S. backs military rulers of El Salvador. 70,000 Salvadorans and four American nuns killed.
7.1980s: U.S. trains Osama bin Laden[8] and fellow terrorists to kill Soviets. CIA gives them $3 billion.
8.1981: Reagan administration trains and funds the Contras. 30,000 Nicaraguans die.
9.1982: U.S. provides billions of dollars in aid to Saddam Hussein for weapons to kill Iranians.
10.1983: The White House secretly gives Iran weapons to kill Iraqis.
11.1989: CIA agent Manuel Noriega (also serving as President of Panama) disobeys orders from Washington. U.S. invades Panama and removes Noriega. 3,000 Panamanian civilian casualties.
12.1990: Iraq invades Kuwait with weapons from U.S.
13.1991: U.S. enters Iraq. Bush reinstates dictator of Kuwait.
14.1998: Clinton bombs possible weapons factory in Sudan. Factory turns out to be making aspirin.
15.1991 to present: American planes bomb Iraq on a weekly basis. U.N. estimates 500,000 Iraqi children die from bombing and sanctions.
16.2000-2001: U.S. gives Taliban-ruled Afghanistan $245 million in aid.
17.Sept. 11, 2001: Osama bin Laden uses his expert CIA training to murder 3,000 people.[8]
The montage then ends with handheld-camera footage of the second WTC plane crash, the audio consisting solely of the hysterical reactions of the witnesses, recorded by the camera's microphone. On the website accompanying the film, Moore provides additional background information for this section.[9]
Climate of fear[edit]
Moore attempts to contrast this with the attitude prevailing in Canada, where (he states) gun ownership is at similar levels to the U.S. He illustrates his thesis by visiting neighborhoods in Canada near the Canada–U.S. border, where he finds front doors unlocked and much less concern over crime and security.
In this section, a montage of possible causes for gun violence are stated by several social pundits. Many claim links with violence in television, cinema, and computer games; towards the end of the montage, however, the same people all change their claims to Marilyn Manson's responsibility. Following this is an interview between Moore and Marilyn Manson. Manson shares his views about the United States' climate with Moore, stating that he believes U.S. society is based on "fear and consumption", citing Colgate commercials that promise "if you have bad breath, [people] are not going to talk to you" and other commercials containing fear-based messages. Manson also mentions that the media, under heavy government influence, had deliberately asserted his influence on the acts of Klebold and Harris as being far greater than that of President Clinton, who ordered more bombings on Kosovo on April 20, 1999, than any other day during his Balkans campaign. When Moore asks Manson what he would say to the students at Columbine, Manson replies, "I wouldn't say a single word to them; I would listen to what they have to say, and that's what no one did."[10]
Statistics[edit]
Moore follows up his climate of fear thesis by exploring the popular explanations as to why gun violence is so high in the United States. He examines Marilyn Manson as a cause, but states that German citizens listen to Marilyn Manson more per capita and that the country has a larger Goth population than does the United States, with less gun violence (Germany: 381 incidents per year). He examines violent movies, but notes that they have the same violent movies in other countries, showing The Matrix with French subtitles (France: 255 incidents per year). He also examines video games, but observes that many violent video games come from Japan (Japan: 39 incidents per year). He concludes his comparisons with the suggestion that the United States' violent history is the cause, yet negating that with the violent histories of Germany, France, and the United Kingdom (UK: 68 incidents per year). Moore ends his segment with gun-related-deaths-per-year statistics of a few major countries:
Japan: 40 (0.030/100,000)
Australia: 65 (0.292/100,000)
United Kingdom: 68 (0.109/100,000)
Canada: 165 (0.484/100,000)
France: 255 (0.389/100,000)
Germany: 381 (0.466/100,000)
United States: 11,127 (3.601/100,000)
KMart refund[edit]
Moore takes two Columbine victims, Mark Taylor and Richard Castaldo (also Brooks Brown, who goes unidentified during the refund), to the American superstore KMart headquarters in Troy, Michigan, ostensibly to claim a refund on the bullets still lodged in their bodies. After a number of attempts to evade the issue, a KMart spokesperson says that the firm will change its policy and phase out the sale of handgun ammunition; this comes after Moore and the victims go to the nearest KMart store in nearby Sterling Heights, Michigan, purchase all of their ammunition, and return the next day with several members of the media. "We've won," says Moore, in disbelief. "That was more than we asked for."[11]
Reception[edit]
Reviews for the film were overwhelmingly positive, with a 96% rating on Rotten Tomatoes,[12] thus earning a "certified fresh" award. Another score aggregator, Metacritic, which assigns a normalized rating in the 0–100 range based on reviews from top mainstream critics, calculated an average score of 72, based on 32 reviews, signifying 'generally favorable reviews. Michael Wilmington of the Chicago Tribune wrote, "It's unnerving, stimulating, likely to provoke anger and sorrow on both political sides—and, above all, it's extremely funny."[13]
Some reviews were not as unequivocally glowing. A.O. Scott of The New York Times wrote, "The slippery logic, tendentious grandstanding, and outright demagoguery on display in Bowling for Columbine should be enough to give pause to its most ardent partisans, while its disquieting insights into the culture of violence in America should occasion sober reflection from those who would prefer to stop their ears."[14] Desson Thomson of The Washington Post thought that the film lacked a coherent message, asking "A lot of this is amusing and somehow telling. But what does it all add up to?"[15]
Criticisms[edit]
Free gun for opening a bank account[edit]
In Michael Wilson's documentary Michael Moore Hates America, bank employees from the branch at which Moore is handed a free hunting rifle assert that they were misled during the filming of this segment. They say that the bank's policy was to conduct background checks on rifle recipients and mail the rifles to a licensed gun dealer, but Moore's agents, under the pretext of "doing a story on unique businesses across America," are accused of convincing bank employees to have his rifle presented to him on camera the morning after filming his account opening. Further, they counter that contrary to the film's supposition that the bank kept hundreds of guns on their premises, the gun which was handed to Michael Moore in the film was shipped overnight from a vault in their Upper Peninsula branch "300 miles away." Moore emphatically denies that this sequence was staged but admits the timing was compressed for production reasons. He reminds his readers that North Country Bank is a licensed firearms dealer and, in addition to its ATF license number, he produces out-takes where bank employee Jan Jacobson confirms on camera that rifles are secured locally on bank premises.[16][17]
Ignoring the role of municipal governance[edit]
The American Prospect published a piece by Garance Franke-Ruta criticizing the film for ignoring the role that municipal governance plays in crime in the United States, and ignoring African-American urban victims of violence while focusing on the unusual events of Columbine. "A decline in murders in New York City alone—from 1,927 in 1993 to 643 in 2001—had, for example, a considerable impact on the declining national rate. Not a lot of those killers or victims were the sort of sports-hunters or militiamen Moore goes out of his way to interview and make fun of."[18]
Weapons of mass destruction[edit]
After the release of the film, Lockheed Martin spokesperson Evan McCollum clarified that the plant no longer produces missiles (the plant manufactured parts for intercontinental ballistic missiles with a nuclear warhead in the mid-1980s), but rockets used for launching satellites:

I provided specific information to Moore about the space launch vehicles we build to launch spacecraft for NASA, NOAA, the Dept. of Defense and commercial customers, including DirecTV and EchoStar.[19]
Erik Möller argues that Moore's question was not limited to the Littleton-area Lockheed Martin facility:

First, note the word "our" in Moore's question. Moore is not from Colorado -- his question is generic, not meant to refer specifically to the Lockheed Martin plant in question. ... Of course, critics [David Hardy, et al.] have conveniently ignored the fact that Lockheed Martin does supply weapons of mass destruction to the US military, and that the company is the nation's largest military contractor.[19]
As of 2008, Lockheed Martin is the world's largest defense contractor by revenue, which Moore states in the film.[20]
Matt Stone[edit]
Being from Littleton, Matt Stone agreed to talk with Moore about his hometown and the shooting. Although he did not feel that Moore mischaracterized him or his statements in the film, he harbors ill feelings about the cartoon "A Brief History of the United States of America". Both Stone and his fellow South Park producer Trey Parker feel that the cartoon was done in a style very similar to theirs. Also, its proximity to Stone's interview may have led some viewers to believe, incorrectly, that they created the cartoon. As a result, Moore was depicted as a gibbering, overweight, hot-dog-eating buffoon who ultimately commits a suicide bombing against the protagonists in their 2004 film, Team America: World Police.[21]
Charlton Heston interview[edit]
For the final scene of the film, Moore visited Charlton Heston in his home and asked him about American firearm violence. Heston's response included the suggestion that the United States had a "history of violence" and more "mixed ethnicity" than other countries.[22][23] Moore then asked Heston if he would like to apologize for leading NRA rallies in Flint, Michigan (Moore's own hometown) after the shooting death of a six-year-old girl at Buell Elementary School and in Littleton after the Columbine shooting, upon which Heston walked out of the interview.[24] Moore was criticized for his perceived ambush of the actor.[25]
MPAA rating[edit]
The film is rated R by the Motion Picture Association of America, which means that children under the age 17 were not admitted to see the film theatrically unless under supervision. Film critic Roger Ebert chastised the MPAA for this move as "banning teenagers from those films they most need to see."[26] Ebert has criticized the MPAA rating system on past occasions. The film was noted for "some violent images and language."
Awards and nominations[edit]
2002 Winner, 55th Anniversary Prize, 2002 Cannes Film Festival[2]
2003 Winner, César Award, Best Foreign Film
2003 Winner, International Documentary Association (IDA), - Best Documentary of All Time
2003 Winner, Academy Award, Best Documentary Features
During the screening at the 2002 Cannes Film Festival the film received a 13-minute standing ovation.[27] It also won "Most Popular International Film" at the 2002 Vancouver International Film Festival.
Moore was both applauded and booed at the Academy Awards on March 23, 2003, when he used his acceptance speech as an opportunity to proclaim his opposition to the United States-led invasion of Iraq, which had begun just a few days prior.[28]
The film was nominated for the prestigious Grand Prix of the Belgian Syndicate of Cinema Critics.
In 2005, Bowling for Columbine was voted the third most popular film in the British Channel 4 program The 50 Greatest Documentaries of all time.
Gross income[edit]
With a budget of $4 million, Bowling for Columbine grossed $58,008,423 worldwide, including $21,576,018 in the United States.[29] The documentary also broke box office records internationally, becoming the highest-grossing documentary in the United Kingdom, Australia, and Austria. These records were later eclipsed by Moore's next documentary, Fahrenheit 9/11.[30]
References[edit]
1.Jump up ^ Bowling for Columbine : About the Film : Credits
2.^ Jump up to: a b "Festival de Cannes: Bowling for Columbine". festival-cannes.com. Retrieved 2009-10-24.
3.Jump up ^ Internet Movie Database entry
4.Jump up ^ Cullen, Dave (April 16, 2005). "A little unfinished business on Bowling and Columbine".. The investigator's conclusion is on page 33 of the supplied document. See also:pages 10101-10200 of a copy of the evidence[dead link] recorded by the Boulder Daily Camera
5.Jump up ^ Hastings, Michael (January 21, 2004). "Wesley & Me". Slate.
6.^ Jump up to: a b Nol, Michael. Banks use gifts to target depositors, Chicago Sun-Times. January 28, 2001.
7.Jump up ^ Bowling for Columbine : Media Clips - Michael At The Bank
8.^ Jump up to: a b See CIA – Osama bin Laden controversy.
9.Jump up ^ "Bowling for Columbine : Library : What a Wonderful World". MichaelMoore.com.
10.Jump up ^ "Marilyn Manson Interview on Bowling for Columbine". Bowling for Columbine Official Website. 2002-10-11. Retrieved 2010-11-15.
11.Jump up ^ "I'm trying to connect the dots between the local violence and the global violence," says director Michael Moore of his new film, "Bowling for Columbine", The Sacramento Bee, October 25, 2002
12.Jump up ^ Bowling for Columbine Movie Reviews, Pictures - Rotten Tomatoes
13.Jump up ^ Bowling for Columbine : Reviews & Acclaim : Articles & Press
14.Jump up ^ Scott, A.O. (October 11, 2002). "Film Review: Bowling for Columbine". The New York Times.
15.Jump up ^ Howe, Desson (October 18, 2002). "Moore Shoots Himself In the Foot". The Washington Post. Retrieved April 26, 2010.
16.Jump up ^ Michael Moore (September 2003). "Michael Moore responds to the wacko attacks...". Retrieved 2008-05-30.
17.Jump up ^ Michael Moore (September 2003). ""Bowling for Columbine" outtakes". Retrieved 2007-07-14.
18.Jump up ^ Garance Franke-Ruta, Moore's the Pity, The American Prospect, November 22, 2002
19.^ Jump up to: a b Möller, Erik. A defense of Michael Moore and "Bowling for Columbine" kuro5hin.org August 13, 2003.
20.Jump up ^ Defense News research. "2005 Defense News Top 100".[dead link]
21.Jump up ^ ‘Team America’ takes on moviegoers msnbc.com, October 15, 2004
22.Jump up ^ Jonathan Curiel (October 18, 2002). "Moore captures U.S. zeitgeist". San Francisco Chronicle. Retrieved February 24, 2011.
23.Jump up ^ Chris Coates (October 21, 2002). "Moore puts gun culture in cross hairs". The Columbia Chronicle. Retrieved February 24, 2011.
24.Jump up ^ Alan A. Stone (Summer 2003). "Cheap Shots". Boston Review. Retrieved February 24, 2011.
25.Jump up ^ Ebert, Roger (June 18, 2004). "'9/11': Just the facts?". Chicago Sun-Times. p. 55.
26.Jump up ^ Ebert, Roger. Bowling For Columbine. October 18, 2002.
27.Jump up ^ Bowling for Columbine (2002) - Trivia
28.Jump up ^ "Chicago scoops six Oscars". The Guardian. March 24, 2003.
29.Jump up ^ In nominal dollars, from 1982 to the present.
30.Jump up ^ Documentary Movies
External links[edit]
 Wikiquote has a collection of quotations related to: Bowling for Columbine
Bowling for Columbine at the Internet Movie Database
Bowling for Columbine at Box Office Mojo
Bowling for Columbine at Rotten Tomatoes

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Categories: 2002 films
English-language films
Works about the Columbine High School massacre
2000s documentary films
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Bang Bang You're Dead (film)

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For the 1966 comedy film with the alternative release title "Bang! Bang! You're Dead!", see Our Man in Marrakesh.

Bang Bang You're Dead
Bangbangyouredead.jpg
DVD cover

Directed by
Guy Ferland
Produced by
Paul Hellerman
Written by
William Mastrosimone
Based on
Bang Bang You're Dead
 by William Mastrosimone
Starring
Tom Cavanagh
Ben Foster
Randy Harrison
Janel Moloney
 Jane McGregor
David Paetkau
Eric Johnson
Music by
Reinhold Heil
Johnny Klimek
Cinematography
Robert Aschmann
Editing by
Jill Savitt
Studio
Nickelodeon Movies
Distributed by
Showtime (TV)
Paramount (DVD)
Release date(s)
October 13, 2002 (TV)
 January 27, 2004 (DVD)
Running time
93 min.
Country
United States
Language
English
Bang Bang You're Dead is a 2002 American drama film starring Tom Cavanagh and Ben Foster. It is based on the play Bang Bang You're Dead by William Mastrosimone. The film was first screened publicly at the Seattle International Film Festival in June 2002.[1]

Contents
  [hide] 1 Plot
2 Cast
3 Promotion
4 Awards
5 References
6 External links
Plot[edit]
At the stereotypical Rivervale High School, Trevor Adams (Ben Foster) is an outcast trying to fit back in after a false bomb threat he made a few months ago as a result of frequent bullying. Trevor is chosen to star in a play called Bang Bang You're Dead as the main character, Josh. After parents and the community hear of the play and its suspicious actor, they call for it to be canceled. Trevor makes friends with the Trogs, a clique of outcasts, and a girl named Jenny, who later becomes Trevor's girlfriend. Towards the end of the film, the Trogs attempt a school shooting, using a shotgun and two handguns. Knowing of their plot and fearing for Jenny's safety, Trevor stops them.
The film ends with Trevor performing the play, and it is indicated that the play was performed at the school despite parents' and community objections. The teacher that created the play tried many times to tell people what the play was really about. It turns out to be not how the title made it sound. There is no indication as to what happens to the Trogs.
Cast[edit]
Tom Cavanagh as Mr. Val Duncan
Ben Foster as Trevor Adams
Randy Harrison as Sean
Janel Moloney as Ellie Milford
Jane McGregor as Jenny Dahlquist
David Paetkau as Brad Larkin
Eric Johnson as Mark Kentworth
Kristian Ayre as Kurt
Brent Glenen as Zach
Gillian Barber as Principal Meyer
Eric Keenleyside as Bob Adams
Glynis Davies as Karen Adams
Fred Henderson as Dan Dahlquist
P. Lynn Johnson as Tanya Dahlquist
Richard de Klerk as Jessie
Steven Grayhm as Michael
Promotion[edit]
The song "Runaway Train" (not to be confused with the Soul Asylum song of the same name) by post-grunge band Oleander was featured in the film. A music video for the song was then shot and incorporated footage from the movie. On November 19, 2002 the band released their Runaway Train EP. The film was released on DVD on January 27, 2004 without any special features. So far there are no plans to release a special edition.[2]
Awards[edit]

Year
Award
Title
Recipient
Result
2002 Nantucket Film Festival
 Audience Award Best Feature Guy Ferland
William Mastrosimone Won
2003 Peabody Award  
Directors Guild of America Award Outstanding Directorial Achievement in Children's Programs Guy Ferland
Daytime Emmy Award Outstanding Children's Special William Mastrosimone
 Norman Stephens
 Paul Hellerman
 Deboragh Gabler
Outstanding Directing in a Children's Special Guy Ferland
Outstanding Performer in a Children's Special Ben Foster
Outstanding Writing in a Children's Special William Mastrosimone
Outstanding Performer in a Children's Special Tom Cavanagh Nominated
References[edit]
1.Jump up ^ Bang Bang co director Interview
2.Jump up ^ Oleander 'Joyride' album MusicRemedy.com (2003) Retrieved on 5-12-09.
External links[edit]
Bang Bang You're Dead at the Internet Movie Database
Bang Bang You're Dead at AllRovi

[hide]
v·
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 e
 
Films directed by Guy Ferland


1990s
The Babysitter (1995)·
 Telling Lies in America (1997)·
 Delivered (1999)
 

2000s
Bang Bang You're Dead (2002)·
 Dirty Dancing: Havana Nights (2004)
 

 

Categories: English-language films
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Home Room (film)

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Home Room

Directed by
Paul F. Ryan
Produced by
Ben Ormand
Written by
Paul F. Ryan
Starring
Erika Christensen
Busy Philipps
Victor Garber
Agnes Bruckner
Music by
Mike Shapiro
Distributed by
DEJ Productions
Release date(s)
12 April 2002
Running time
133 min.
Language
English
Home Room is an independent film starring Erika Christensen, Busy Philipps and Victor Garber. It premiered in the Taos Talking Pictures Film Festival on 12 April 2002, and made its limited theatrical release on 5 September 2003.

Contents
  [hide] 1 Plot
2 Home Room and Columbine
3 Reception
4 References
5 External links
Plot[edit]
A school massacre leaves nine students dead and one student named Deanna Cartwright (Christensen) seriously injured. The shooter himself is dead, shot by police during the confrontation after the actual shooting, and the only witness (and possible suspect) is Alicia Browning (Philipps), a gothic student who is now under the attention of the detective in charge of the case, Det. Martin Van Zandt (Garber).
The school principal asks Alicia to visit Deanna in the hospital. Right away, their differences are evident. Alicia is an outsider from a single-parent family who shuns the society that similarly shuns her, while Deanna is from a wealthy family, gets good grades and is popular with her classmates.
At first, Deanna seems upbeat and cheerful, but soon it becomes apparent that beneath this exterior are psychological scars left behind by the incident. Alicia starts to empathize with her, as she herself is battling her own demons as well, including a previous suicide attempt. Through these similar emotional bonds, the two form an unlikely friendship as they both try to cope with their separate psychological problems.
Home Room and Columbine[edit]
Even though he started writing the script before the event, director Paul F. Ryan later based the film on the Columbine High School massacre; the film was released only three years after the incident. Ryan and Christensen visited Columbine High School before the film's release to speak to students, faculty and parents, who received a private screening of the film. The response was generally positive and Ryan has since returned as a guest of the school twice.[1]
While a large part of the public wishes to figure out why such massacres happen, some have lauded Home Room simply for not explaining why they happen; the film does not place blame on violent video games or movies, and concludes that finding a single reason for these events is impossible.
In addition, the film focuses on what happens to the community long after the news crews have left. In an interview, Ryan explains, "What changed my mind was watching what happened in Littleton afterwards. CNN reported the story for about two weeks, then left. The rest of America moved on, but the people in Littleton didn’t. How do you start living your life again after such a terrible thing?"[1]
Reception[edit]
The film received mixed reviews from critics, however Rotten Tomatoes reported that 76% of the audience liked it.
References[edit]
1.^ Jump up to: a b http://www.moviemaker.com/hop/vol3/06/screenwriting.html
External links[edit]
Official movie site
Official production company site for the film
Home Room at the Internet Movie Database
 

Categories: English-language films
2002 films
Independent films
Works about the Columbine High School massacre
Films about school violence
2000s drama films
American drama films

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American Yearbook

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American Yearbook

Directed by
Brian Ging
Produced by
Brian Ging
 Jason F. Brown
Written by
Brian Ging
Starring
Nick Tagas
 Jon Carlo Alvarez
Music by
Jeremiah Jacobs
Cinematography
Dan Coplan
Editing by
Brian Ging
Release date(s)
June 15, 2004
Running time
97 minutes
Country
United States
Language
English
Budget
$500,000
American Yearbook is a 2004 American drama film written, produced, edited, and directed by Brian Ging. While the film itself is finished, and has been shown at various film festivals, there is currently no public release date.

Contents
  [hide] 1 Plot
2 Cast
3 See also
4 External links
Plot[edit]
Will Nash (Nick Tagas) is the kid-next-door, a typical upbeat high schooler, but his dreams of being a photographer quickly fade, as he is relentlessly terrorized by school bullies Ian (Chris Peter) and Jason (Ryan Nixon). Will adores Amanda (Giovannie Pico), but her best friend Kristy (Jennifer Noble) is dating the head bully Ian. Confused and angry, Will meets a mysterious, brooding character named Chance (Jon Carlo Alvarez), both of them outsiders. Chance eventually convinces Will that they should get a gun and take the bullies out: pull a Columbine. Amanda pleads with Will to set revenge aside, but can Will stop what he and Chance have started, or are Will's emotions too strong for him to just walk away?
Cast[edit]
Nick Tagas as William "Will" Nash
Jon Carlo Alvarez as Chance Holden
Chris Peter as Ian Blake
Ryan Nixon as Jason Clarke
Giovannie Pico as Amanda Hunter
Jennifer Noble as Kristy Palmer
Daniel Timko as Brandon Holden
See also[edit]
List of American films of 2004
Bang Bang You're Dead, a 2002 TV film about a school shooting
Zero Day, a 2003 film about a school shooting.
Elephant, another 2003 film about a school shooting.
Duck! The Carbine High Massacre, a 2000 film about a school shooting.
The Only Way, another 2004 film about a school shooting.
External links[edit]
Official site
American Yearbook at the Internet Movie Database
 

Categories: 2004 films
American films
English-language films
Teen films
Films about bullying
Works about the Columbine High School massacre
Films about school violence

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Dawn Anna

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 This article is being considered for deletion in accordance with Wikipedia's deletion policy.
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Dawn Anna
Dawn Anna FilmPoster.jpeg
DVD cover

Directed by
Arliss Howard
Produced by
Peter Lhotka
Arliss Howard
Jordy Randall
Murray Ord
Tom Cox

Written by
Robert Munic
Arliss Howard
James Howard

Starring
Debra Winger
Tatiana Maslany
Brandon Firla

Music by
Adam Fields
Cinematography
Guy Dufaux
Editing by
Jay Rabinowitz
Gib Jaffe

Studio
Revolution Studios
Alberta Film Entertainment
Blue Star Pictures
My Bench Productions

Distributed by
Lifetime Television (2005)
Release date(s)
January 10, 2005 (United States)

Running time
88 minutes
Country
United States
Language
English
Dawn Anna is an 2005 American dramatic television film written by Robert Munic, Arliss Howard, and James Howard, and directed by Arliss Howard. The film, based upon real events surrounding the Columbine High School massacre, premiered on Lifetime Television January 10, 2005.[1][2][3][4]

Contents
  [hide] 1 Production
2 Plot summary
3 Cast
4 Reception
5 Awards
6 References
7 External links
Production[edit]
Plot summary[edit]
The movie depicts the life of Dawn Anna, a teacher and single mother of four children. Soon after meeting her eventual husband, she is diagnosed with a severe brain disease that requires a serious operation. Shortly after her recovery, daughter Lauren Townsend is murdered in the Columbine High School massacre.
Cast[edit]
Debra Winger as Dawn Anna Townsend
Tatiana Maslany as Lauren Dawn Townsend - age 12
Brandon Firla as Interviewer
Alex Van as Bink
Sam Howard as Josh Townsend
Stephen Warner as Matt Townsend
Krista Rae as Kristin Townsend
Robert Theberge as Shane
Quinn Singer as Lauren 'Lulu' Dawn Townsend
Patricia Harras as Mary
Greg Lawson as Dr.Emmerson
Gillian Carfra as Crisis worker
Yuri Yeremin as Himself
Lee Cameron as Health teacher
Christine Hamilton as Tall girl
Scott Arnold as Dr. Albert Becker
Reception[edit]
Awards[edit]
Debra Winger was nominated for 'Outstanding Lead Actress in a Miniseries or a Movie' at the 2005 Primetime Emmy Awards.
References[edit]
1.Jump up ^ Bob Fischbach (2009-09-24). "Bob's Take: Payne, Winger share passion for storytelling". Omaha World Herald. Retrieved 2010-08-21. "Later, after a clip from “Dawn Anna,” a 2005 TV movie starring Winger, was shown, she said she'd never seen “Dawn Anna” in a theater with an audience. She loved hearing the Omaha audience's reaction to the scene."
2.Jump up ^ Shales, Tom (January 10, 2005). "Lifetime's 'Dawn Anna': Tears of Endearment". Washington Post. Retrieved October 13, 2013.
3.Jump up ^ staff (January 10, 2005). "A Barrage of Calamities, All Based on a True Story". The New York Times. Retrieved October 13, 2013.
4.Jump up ^ Jicha, Tom (January 10, 2005). "Lifetime's Dawn Goes From Tragic To Worse". Sun-Sentinel. Retrieved October 13, 2013.
External links[edit]
Dawn Anna at the Internet Movie Database
Dawn Anna at AllRovi
Official Lifetime Page for the movie
Stub icon This article related to a made-for-TV movie is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.
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·

 

Categories: 2005 films
English-language films
2005 television films
2000s crime drama films
American crime drama films
Films based on actual events
Films set in 1999
Films set in Colorado
Lifetime (TV network) films
True crime films
Works about the Columbine High School massacre
Television film stubs


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Duck! The Carbine High Massacre

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Duck! The Carbine High Massacre
Duck! The Carbine High Massacre - DVD cover.jpg
DVD cover

Directed by
William Hellfire
Joey Smack

Produced by
William Hellfire
Joey Smack
Todd Russell

Written by
William Hellfire
Joey Smack
Todd Russell
Mick Leo

Based on
the Columbine High School massacre
Starring
William Hellfire
Joey Smack
Erin Brown

Cinematography
William Hellfire
Joey Smack

Editing by
Lou Cifer
Distributed by
Shriek Show
Release date(s)
October 26, 1999 (USA)

Running time
101 minutes
Country
United States
Language
English
Budget
$5,000
Box office
$6,034
Duck! The Carbine High Massacre is a 1999 American comedy-drama film about a fictional school shooting. It was one of the first films inspired by the Columbine High School massacre.[1] Released one year after the Columbine event, [2] it was written, produced, and directed by William Hellfire and Joey Smack, who also starred.[3][4] After the film was released, Hellfire and Smack were arrested for possession of weapons on school property.[5][6][7]

Contents
  [hide] 1 Plot
2 Cast
3 Production
4 Critical response
5 Release
6 References
7 External links
Plot[edit]
Derwin (William Hellfire) and Derick (Joey Smack) are trench-coat wearing neo-Nazis from deprived families. When Derwin is assaulted by jocks, he and Derick form a plan to kill students at their school and then commit suicide. The pair buy two shotguns and several handguns from a black market dealer. The next day they open fire in the cafeteria, killing several people, before going to the basement, where they simultaneously kill each other. A police officer (Karl Pitt) and the school principal (Larry Wellman) enter the school to find a bomb that was placed there by the school janitor (Rodney Sleurtols). When the policeman attempts to defuse it, it is implied that the bomb explodes.
Cast[edit]
William Hellfire as Derwin
Joey Smack as Derick
Erin Brown as Bible Girl
Lilly Tiger as Play Girl
Chris Perez as Car Kid
Henry Krinkle as Retard
Michael Ovum as Spam Jock
Ryan Trimmer as Benchpress
Kendall "Shorty" Ward as Afro-American
Mazur as Song Girl
Mike Roser as Goth Boy
Liz Bathory as Goth Girl
Michael Lema as No Info Boy
Larry Wellman as The Principal
Rodney Sleurtols as The Janitor
Karl Pitt as Policeman
Production[edit]
Duck! was produced with $6,000 and an inexperienced cast. Unlike previous films from Factory 2000, this film was based upon an actual event, and not mainly focused on fetishes.[3] People who worked on the film received death threats. Director William Hellfire said this due to the painkillers he was using to treat his cancer pain, "Like I don't remember most of Duck!, I don't remember... I shot all these films in a semi-subconscious, drugged-out, zombified state. I had no remorse nor regard for anything" [sic].[8]
Joe Bob Briggs, writing for United Press International, speculated on the filmmaker's motivations, writing "If I had to guess, it was put together by some friends who have spent their whole lives being called "freaks" -- punk kids, goth kids, headbangers -- and so wanted to point out a few things that might have motivated the suicidal mass murderers". [sic][9] Erin Brown, who had a starring role in the film, said that the film was a "crappy little movie" which "has permanently staked its place in underground cult cinema". It took several years for the film to be distributed, because of the controversial subjects.[10] After a message in the film's beginning mentions how offensive it is, it then says "...it was bound to become a motion picture eventually, or even worse, a 'made for TV' movie. So we decided to do it first".[3]
Critical response[edit]
Joe Bob Briggs of United Press International wrote that although he had read multiple editorials bemoaning the filmmaker's poor taste in beginning production of their satirical comedy parody within four months of the Columbine massacre, he had difficulty in finding a copy. When finally tracking it down, and finding the acting horrible and the soundtrack shaky, he wrote it was "eerie and powerful -- IF you can get through it". He found the film's gore effects to be "outstanding", and wrote that the film shared "a final sequence that is gruesome, shocking, sad, frightening, bloody as hell, and -- at the moment of truth -- beautiful."[9]
From the Arthouse to the Grindhouse offered that this film was the pinnacle of the filmmaker's achievements at that time in that it was a "kick in the balls" to the "media hypocracy" surrounding the Columbine events. They also noted the filmmaker's having been arrested shortly after the film's release for taking guns onto school property.[4]
Peep Shows: Cult Film and the Cine-Erotic offered that the film was "deliberately provocative and controversial," [10] while Arkansas Democrat-Gazette called the film "blatantly exploitative", noting further that it was a "low budget direct-to-video 'spoof' thrown together mere weeks after the massacre".[11]
DVD Talk referred to the film as an "ultra-controversial Columbine satire",[12] while Film Threat both panned and praised the film, writing "by conventional standards, the entire project is in incredibly bad taste. And most people are going to be repulsed by the comedic treatment of such gut-wrenching subject matter. But, these dudes just don’t care! And they score big points on attitude alone."[13]
Jason Buchanon of AllRovi offered that the film wasn't "nearly as offensive as one might imagine" and that "the sub-Troma quality of the production and performances by the majority of the cast ultimately prevent Duck! from being taken as seriously as it could be with a bit more polish, this is also what makes it infinitely less objectionable than it could be had the filmmakers went for a grander scale."[14]
Release[edit]
The DVD was released by Shriek Show, a division of Media Blasters, in 2004. The disc includes special features — deleted scenes, Court TV footage, a concert, interviews, a production gallery, trailers, and others.[15]
References[edit]
1.Jump up ^ Laura Finley, ed. (2011). Encyclopedia of School Crime and Violence. ABC-CLIO. p. 660. ISBN 0313362386. Retrieved July 26, 2013.
2.Jump up ^ Sparber, Max (August 16, 2011). "History, popular art and taste: '30 Minutes or Less' and 'The Devil's Double'". MinnPost. Retrieved July 26, 2013.
3.^ Jump up to: a b c Headpress: The Journal of Sex, Religion, Death: Bad Birds. Volume 22 of Headpress #22 Series: Headpress. 2002. p. 45. ISBN 1900486156. Retrieved July 26, 2013.
4.^ Jump up to: a b John Cline, Robert G. Weiner, ed. (2010). From the Arthouse to the Grindhouse: Highbrow and Lowbrow Transgression in Cinema's First Century. Scarecrow Press. p. 256. ISBN 0810876558. Retrieved July 26, 2013.
5.Jump up ^ Andy Vuong, Andy Vuong (January 20, 2000). "N.J. pair arrested for gun possession after making Columbine-themed movie". Denver Post. Retrieved July 26, 2013.
6.Jump up ^ Bortnick, Barry (March 27, 2000). "New Jersey video makers face charges in parody of Columbine massacre" (subscription required). The Gazette. Retrieved July 26, 2013.
7.Jump up ^ Ettinger, Art (2003). Duck and Cover! How to Shoot a School Shooting Without Getting Shot: A Conversation with the Creators of Duck! The Carbine High Massacre. Ultra Violent, Vol. 5. pp. 31–33.
8.Jump up ^ Headpress: The Journal of Sex, Religion, Death: Bad Birds. Headpress. 2002. p. 91. ISBN 9781900486156. Retrieved July 27, 2013.
9.^ Jump up to: a b Briggs, Billy Bob (July 27, 2003). "Film review: 'The Carbine High Massacre'". United Press International. Retrieved July 26, 2013.
10.^ Jump up to: a b Xavier Mendik (ed.). Peep Shows: Cult Film and the Cine-Erotic. Columbia University Press. ISBN 0231502893. Retrieved July 26, 2013.
11.Jump up ^ Martin, Philip (June 7, 2013). "Hello Herman". Arkansas Democrat-Gazette. Retrieved July 26, 2013.
12.Jump up ^ Gross, G. Noel (January 18, 2001). "Misty Mundae: Girl Gone Wild". DVD Talk. Retrieved July 26, 2013.
13.Jump up ^ Parcellin, Chris (November 15, 2000). "Review: Duck! The Carbine High Massacre". Film Threat. Retrieved July 26, 2013.
14.Jump up ^ Buchanan, Jason. "review: Duck! The Carbine High Massacre (1999)". AllRovi. Retrieved July 26, 2013.
15.Jump up ^ "Duck!: The Carbine High Massacre DVD". TCM. Retrieved July 27, 2013.
External links[edit]
Duck! The Carbine High Massacre at the Internet Movie Database
December 4, 2004 archive of Official website
 

Categories: 1999 films
English-language films
1990s films
American films
Works about the Columbine High School massacre
Films about bullying
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Ekskul

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Ekskul
Ekskul.jpg
Directed by
Nayato Fio Nuala
Produced by
Indika Entertainment
Written by
Eka D. Sitorus
Starring
Ramon Y Tungka
 Metha Yunatria
 Sheila Marcia
 Indra Brasco
 Teguh Leo
 Samuel Z Heckenbucker
 Gabriel Martianie
 Mira Hera Waty
 Julivan Persada
 Inong
 Pipip Sasati
 Tizza Radia
 Boogie Samudra
 Erly Ashy
Running time
109 minutes
Country
Indonesia
Ekskul is an Indonesian thriller film released in 2006, starring Ramon Y Tungka, Sheila Marcia, Indra Brasco, written by Eka D. Sitorus and directed by Nayato Fio Nuala. The movie is about a highschool student who is constantly bullied at school and abused by parents at home, had enough and took several other students hostage.
Reception[edit]
The movie received generally negative reviews, mainly due to its many plot holes, unrealistic settings and characterizations, overly-flashy editing and style. However, it won the 2006 Indonesian Film Festival's Citra Award for Best Picture, which prompted waves of protests from the Indonesian film community, particularly the younger generations. Several winners of previous Citra awards even returned their trophy to the IFF committee in protest.
Plot[edit]
The pre-title scene shows Joshua (Ramon), the main character, in a psychiatrist's office. Joshua is clearly refusing to cooperate with the shrink, who seems to favor repressive in place of persuasive approach. The brief dialogue in this scene is mainly filled with rather cheesy joke exchanges about transsexual brothers. The title screen is then shown.
In the next scene, a huge number of police officers, including SWAT teams and snipers, is deploying around Joshua's school. Joshua has got a gun and has barricaded himself in the school counselor's office along with six students as hostages.
Most of the film consist of flashbacks, depicting the events leading to the current situation. Some of these include Joshua being beaten by the school gang and his own father, being hanged by his collar from the school gate, and having his face shoved down the toilet.
The flashbacks also show his brief relationship with Cathy (Metha Yunatria), a popular student, and Sabina (Sheila Marcia), a beautiful but introverted girl who sympathized with him.
The police attempts to negotiate, aided by Mrs. Miranda, the school counselor, and Joshua's parents. During negotiations, Joshua tells about his frustration to everyone listening, including the press which is broadcasting the crisis nationally.
Eventually he releases the female hostages, which includes Cathy, but keeps the males which consist of the gang members which have tormented him for so long. Announcing to them "It's judgement time," he returns what they did to him. He makes them shove their leader's head into a toilet at gunpoint, and after demanding all the school students to come and watch, he hangs Jerry from the school roof.
Again, Mrs. Miranda pleads Joshua to let the hostages go. Joshua refuses, claiming they deserve to die. However, the police have arrested the man who sold Joshua his gun, and he told them that Joshua only has one bullet. Mrs. Miranda uses this information to force Joshua into surrendering, since he won't be able to shoot all three hostages. However, that is not really his plan all along. As a squad of police officers move up to the roof to apprehend him, he points the gun to his head and kills himself.
External links[edit]
Official site
Ekskul at the Internet Movie Database

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Categories: Indonesian films
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2006 films
Films shot in Indonesia

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The Life Before Her Eyes

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  (Redirected from The Life Before Her Eyes (film))
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The Life Before Her Eyes
Life before her eyes.jpg
Theatrical release poster

Directed by
Vadim Perelman
Screenplay by
Emil Stern
Based on
The Life Before Her Eyes
 by Laura Kasischke
Starring
Uma Thurman
Evan Rachel Wood
Eva Amurri
Brett Cullen
 Gabrielle Brennan
Music by
James Horner
Cinematography
Paweł Edelman
Editing by
David Baxter
Studio
2929 Entertainment
Distributed by
Magnolia Pictures
Release date(s)
September 8, 2007 (Toronto)
April 18, 2008 (US limited)

Running time
90 minutes
Country
United States
Language
English
Budget
$13 million
Box office
$7,248,490
The Life Before Her Eyes is a 2007 American thriller film directed by Vadim Perelman. The screenplay was adapted by Emil Stern from the Laura Kasischke novel of the same name. The film stars Uma Thurman and Evan Rachel Wood. It was released on April 18, 2008, and revolves around a survivor's guilt from a Columbine-like event that occurred 15 years previously, which causes her present-day idyllic life to fall apart.

Contents
  [hide] 1 Plot
2 Cast
3 Reception 3.1 Box office
4 References
5 External links
Plot[edit]
Imaginative, impetuous, and wild Diana McFee (Evan Rachel Wood) cannot wait for her adult life to begin. While awaiting the final days of high school in the lush springtime, Diana tests her limits with sex and drugs as her more conservative friend Maureen (Eva Amurri) watches with concern. Then the two teens are involved in a Columbine-like shooting incident at their school and are forced to make an impossible choice.
The film mostly focuses on Diana’s adulthood (Uma Thurman). She leads an apparently normal life as an art history university professor. She has a daughter, Emma (Gabrielle Brennan), and she’s married to the professor who once gave a speech in her school about the power of visualization, how one can shape one’s own future in this way. We learn, however, that she feels guilty about something that doesn’t let her sleep.
One day she gets a call from Emma’s school. The nuns who run the school complain about her behavior. Later, at an ice cream parlor, Diana asks Emma not to hide any more as she is always doing. “You hate me,” Emma replies to her mother's reproaches. They leave the parlor abruptly and as they’re about to get into the car, Diana sees her husband, the professor, with another woman. She hesitates about confronting him and instead remains in the middle of the street where she is hit by a pickup truck. On her way to the hospital she imagines that blood is escaping from her body. However in fact she hasn’t been hurt by the accident. What is happening is that she is remembering the complications she had following an abortion in her high school days.
The day of the 15th anniversary of the shooting, a memorial is held at the school. Diana drives in front of the school several times until she finally decides to stop and bring in some flowers. As she enters the school she’s asked whether she’s one of the survivors. She smiles and walks inside, first leaving flowers on some desks and then moving on to the rest rooms where one of the shootings took place. At that moment she gets a call from Emma’s school; Emma is missing. Diana is told that a pink piece of clothing has been found in the woods. She drives there and walks through the woods, shouting out her daughter's name. Emma appears before Diana’s eyes for a moment but then vanishes almost as soon as she has appeared.
Back to the rest rooms in the school where Diana left the flowers. This is the place where she and Maureen were forced to decide which of them should survive. Maureen had offered herself first, but the shooter, Michael Patrick (John Magaro), asks Diana why it shouldn't be her; she agrees and asks to be killed. She is then shot and dies. All that we’ve seen earlier in the film is what Diana had dreamed her adult life would be like. Emma is the girl she never had, the girl that she aborted. As the film ends Diana is asked once again if she is a survivor and she replies "No" with a smile, with a sense of relief that she did the right thing by dying and having her friend live her life.
Cast[edit]
Uma Thurman as Diana McFee
Evan Rachel Wood as young Diana McFee
Eva Amurri as Maureen
Brett Cullen as Paul McFee
Gabrielle Brennan as Emma McFee
Adam Chanler-Berat as Ryan Haswhip
Oscar Isaac as Marcus
Maggie Lacey as Amanda
Nathalie Paulding as young Amanda
Jewel Donohue as Mother
Tanner Max Cohen as Nate Witt
Lynn Cohen as Sister Beatrice
John Magaro as Michael Patrick
Molly Price as Diana's mother
Isabel Keating as Maureen's mother
Mike Slater as young Tom
Reception[edit]
The Life Before Her Eyes received a generally negative response; as of August 2011, Rotten Tomatoes reported that 24% of critics had given the film positive reviews, based on 35 reviews – with the consensus being the film is "Despite earnest performances, Life Before Her Eyes is a confusing, painfully overwrought melodrama."[1] Metacritic reported the film had an average score of 32 out of 100, based on 15 reviews.[2]
Box office[edit]
The film opened in limited release on April 18, 2008, in the United States and grossed $20,220 in eight theaters its opening weekend, averaging $2,527 per theater. As of Jun 27–29, 2008, it had a domestic total gross of $303,439, and a production budget of $13 million.[3]
References[edit]
1.Jump up ^ "The Life Before Her Eyes Movie Reviews, Pictures – Rotten Tomatoes". Rotten Tomatoes. Retrieved 2008-04-23.
2.Jump up ^ "Life Before Her Eyes, The (2008): Reviews". Metacritic. Retrieved 2008-04-23.
3.Jump up ^ "The Life Before Her Eyes (2008) – Weekend Box Office Results". Box Office Mojo. Retrieved 2008-04-23.
External links[edit]
Official website
The Life Before Her Eyes at the Internet Movie Database
The Life Before Her Eyes at AllRovi
The Life Before Her Eyes at Box Office Mojo
The Life Before Her Eyes at Rotten Tomatoes
The Life Before Her Eyes at Metacritic
 

Categories: 2007 films
English-language films
2000s drama films
2000s thriller films
American films
American drama films
American thriller films
Films about school violence
Films based on novels
Films shot in Connecticut
Independent films


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The Class (2007 film)

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The Class
Estonian: Klass
Klass (film) poster.jpg
DVD Cover

Directed by
Ilmar Raag
Written by
Ilmar Raag
Starring
Vallo Kirs
 Pärt Uusberg
 Lauri Pedaja
 Paula Solvak
Music by
Martin Kallasvee
 Paul Oja
 Timo Steiner
Cinematography
Kristjan-Jaak Nuudi
Editing by
Tambet Tasuja
Distributed by
Estonian Culture Film
Release date(s)
16 March 2007

Running time
99 minutes
Country
Estonia
Language
Estonian
The Class (Estonian: Klass) is an Estonian film about school violence directed by Ilmar Raag. It was released on March 16, 2007. There has also been produced a 7 episode lasting series that tells what happens after the initial movie, entitled Class: After Life (Estonian: Klass: Elu pärast).

Contents
  [hide] 1 Plot
2 Cast
3 Critical Reception
4 Awards
5 Political invocations
6 References
7 External links
Plot[edit source]
The Estonian teenager Joosep is being bullied by his entire high school class. The class continually beats Joosep, and harasses him in other ways as well, such as fully undressing him and then pushing him in the girls' changing room. Fellow classmate Kaspar tries to protect him and breaks from the group, which results in the violence being directed to him as well. Also, in a homophobic atmosphere Joseph and Kaspar are ridiculed for supposedly having gay feelings for each other. Nevertheless, when the school administration and Joosep's parents try to find out who is to blame for the treatment Joosep has been receiving, the class unanimously but falsely accuses Kaspar of mistreating him.
After Joosep's parents find out that their son is being beaten while attending school, the father tries to encourage his son to fight back, and demonstrates a fighting technique by giving the boy an additional beating. Joosep's mother informs the school administration. At last the class as a whole is rightly blamed. Out of revenge for this, the class assembles on a beach, calling both Kaspar and Joosep there by writing emails to them showing each other as fake sender. Once there, they force Kaspar to fellate Joosep, at knife point, and photograph the sexual act without showing the knife.
The boys decide to avenge themselves. Joosep steals two pistols, a bolt-action rifle and ammunition from his militaristic father's gun safe, and the two proceed to school, where they massacre the students responsible for their torment. To their regret they also accidentally kill a girl from another class. Finally Joosep and Kaspar, facing one another, each aim a gun at their own head, decide to commit suicide together after counting to three. Joosep pulls the trigger and dies, but the film ends with Kaspar still standing there with his gun aiming at his head.
Cast[edit source]
Vallo Kirs - Kaspar
Pärt Uusberg - Joosep
Lauri Pedaja - Anders
Paula Solvak - Thea
Mikk Mägi - Paul
Riina Ries - Riina
Joonas Paas - Toomas
Kadi Metsla - Kati
Triin Tenso - Kerli
Virgo Ernits - Tiit
Karl Sakrits - Olav
Critical Reception[edit source]
The Class received positive reviews from critics. It currently holds a 88% approval rating among users on Rotten Tomatoes.[1]
Awards[edit source]
In 2007, the movie received an award from Karlovy Vary International Film Festival and Warsaw International Film Festival. The movie was also the official Estonian submission to the Best Foreign Language Film Category of the 80th Academy Awards.[2]
Political invocations[edit source]
Since the movie was released, two school shootings have taken place in nearby Finland — the Jokela school shooting and the Kauhajoki school shooting. In analysis of both events, the movie has been raised as an illustration by columnists and other media pundits.[citation needed]
References[edit source]
1.Jump up ^ http://www.rottentomatoes.com/m/klass/
2.Jump up ^ Estonia offers Oscar 'Class' act - Entertainment News, Film News, Media - Variety
External links[edit source]
The Class
The Class at the Internet Movie Database
Variety review
The Class online at ETV archives (Only in Estonian)
 

Categories: 2007 films
Estonian-language films
Estonian films
Films about bullying
Films about school violence



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April Showers (2009 film)

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April Showers
April Showers.jpg
Directed by
Andrew Robinson
Produced by
Jenna Edwards
April Wade
Written by
Andrew Robinson
Starring
Kelly Blatz
Daryl Sabara
Ellen Woglom
Illeana Douglas
Tom Arnold
Distributed by
Indieflix
Release date(s)
April 24, 2009

Running time
94 minutes
Country
United States
Language
English
April Showers is an American independent film inspired by the 1999 Columbine High School shooting and the days that followed. It is written and directed by Andrew Robinson, who was a senior at Columbine High School during the shootings.[1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24]

Contents
  [hide] 1 Plot
2 Cast
3 Production
4 References
5 External links
Plot[edit]
The film opens in the aftermath of a school shooting. Several survivors have evacuated to the elementary school to wait for more survivors to arrive. A senior named Sean Ryan calls his friend Vicki at a coffee shop, who tells him that the shooter is Ben Harris, a friend of Sean's. Sean is left speechless.
The film then flashes back to the morning before the massacre. A student named Jason is being bullied and is struggling to pick up his books, but then Sean helps him. Sean reminds Jason that school is almost over and that he shouldn't let the bullying get to him. The two then go into their school, Jefferson High School; both are seniors there. It is a Monday, and Sean, his best friend Nick, and a few other students, are working on the school play. Sean learns that his friend Ben Harris, who works the lights, is absent, so Jason substitutes for him.
Later, during a lunch period, Sean talks to his math teacher, Martin Blackwell, about the crush he has on his friend, April Lauren. Mr. Blackwell tells him to let her know how he fells about her. Suddenly, the fire alarm rings, and everyone assumes that it is a senior prank. However as they leave, they hear low rumbling. Mr. Blackwell and Sean then see a group of students, running for their lives and screaming. Three gunshots are heard, and everyone immediately realizes that someone is shooting off a gun inside the school. Mr. Blackwell takes a group of students back into his classroom to hide, while Sean and Nick decide to flee with their lives, taking a panicked girl named Samantha (usually called "Sam") with them.
Meanwhile, Jason is left to fend for himself, but he does manage to make it out of the school, carrying out the body of a dead girl in the process. Mr. Blackwell eventually decides to take his group of students and flee, but as they do, the shooter shoots him in the back from behind. Mr. Blackwell tells the students to run, but one student, Jonathan, instead drags Mr. Blackwell back into the math classroom. Jonathan attempts to save his life, but after several minutes, Mr. Blackwell tells him to wait in the closet until help arrives. Sean, Nick, Sam, and a few other students including their friend Mike, stumble upon a suburban area where the injured (and dead) have evacuated. While searching for April, Sean runs into April's best friend Jessica, who tells him that the police are having people go down to the elementary school. Sean, Nick, and Mike then decide to go with him.
Meanwhile, a SWAT team enters the school through the main entrance. A single gunshot is then heard, implying that the shooter has committed suicide. While searching, the police find Jonathan, but Jonathan is shocked to learn that Mr. Blackwell has died of his wounds. Jonathan goes into hysterics and blames himself for not doing anything to save him. The film then returns to the beginning scene, where Sean learns that the shooter is Ben. Sean is shocked after learning this, but Nick takes it the hardest, refusing to believe that Ben would cause any trouble. The last group of survivors then arrives, and Sean searches frantically for April. However, a teacher, Sally Reedman, comes in and informs Sean that April is dead.
Over the course of the film, the film splits into two separate stories. Sean struggles to cope with April's death, and Jason learns that the security cameras at school captured him carrying the dead girl out, and that he is being hailed as a hero. Later, Sean learns that fourteen people, including Mr. Blackwell, April, and Ben, are dead. April's car is turned into a memorial, and a TV executive, Helen Mann, tries to help Jason cope with his dilemma by introducing him to Sam, believing she was the girl that Jason carried out, but Jason says that it wasn't her. The next night, as everyone learns Ben's motives for the shooting, Sean has a flashback about how when he was unable to tell April about his feelings for her. This flashback causing him to break a mirror, cutting his hand in the process. Sean's father later takes him home.
Meanwhile, Jason's situation spirals out of control, causing him to have a mental breakdown in the middle of a grocery store. He later reveals to Sean that he doesn't believe himself to be a hero because he feels that he is responsible for the death of Matt, a student who bullied him. Later, Nick is released from police custody after falsely being suspected of helping Ben plan the shooting. He says goodbye to Sean and he and his family move away. Meanwhile, Jason commits suicide, unable to take any more of his "fame".
At April's funeral, Jessica gives Sean April's diary. After Sally, Jessica, and Sean perform eulogies for their fallen friend, Sean goes to April's grave and starts crying, ending the film.
During the credits, the list of several school shootings from the past (including Columbine and Virginia Tech) are shown, along with the victims of the massacres. A message is then shown about how officers are now trained to set up a perimeter and move towards gunfire in a school shooting situation since Columbine.
Cast[edit]
Sean Ryan — Kelly Blatz
Jason Gates — Daryl Sabara
April Lauren — Ellen Woglom
Vicki — Janel Parrish
Sally Reedman — Illeana Douglas
Martin Blackwell — Tom Arnold
Jessica — Rachel Lien
Nick — Sean Durrie
Jonathan — Bryan McClure
Sam — Nina Rausch
Sean’s Father — Mark Arnold
Helen Mann — Brenda O’Brien
Mike — William Grennan
Benjamin Harris — Ben Chrystak
Relief Worker — April Wade
Production[edit]
The movie is based on the true story of Columbine High School.[1]
References[edit]
1.^ Jump up to: a b Villarreal, Yvonne (April 16, 2009). "Andrew Robinson's 'April Showers' focuses on survivors of Columbine". The Los Angeles Times
2.Jump up ^ "Still Learning 10 Years Later", Michael Dorn, Campus Safety Magazine, July/August, 2009
3.Jump up ^ "Columbine-themed indie film April Showers sets download records", Film Fetish, May 8, 2009
4.Jump up ^ "KLIN News Talk", January 5, 2011
5.Jump up ^ "DVD Review: April Showers", Cyril Pearl, Video Business, April 27, 2009
6.Jump up ^ "Writer-Director Andrew Robinson Relives Columbine Through 'April Showers'", Carl Cortez, iF Magazine, April 24, 2009
7.Jump up ^ "Student turned filmmaker tells story of Columbine shootings in movie", Catholic News Service (via cathstan.org), April 24, 2009
8.Jump up ^ "'April Showers' Recalls Columbine Tragedy", Tina Mather, Neon Tommy, April 23, 2009
9.Jump up ^ "Columbine survivor directs film about tragic shootings", John Gleason, Denver Catholic Register, April 22, 2009
10.Jump up ^ "Columbine: Lessons Not Learned", Andrew Robinson, CNN Anderson Cooper 360, April 20, 2009
11.Jump up ^ "Remembering Columbine", Gayle King The Gayle King Show, Oprah Radio, April 20, 2009
12.Jump up ^ "A Decade After The Columbine Massacre, School-Safety Questions Linger", Gil Kaufman, MTV, April 20, 2009
13.Jump up ^ "Columbine Survivor Prepares for April Showers", Mark Hurley, MovieMaker Magazine, April 20, 2009
14.Jump up ^ "Covering Columbine, Again", Roger O'Neil, NBC News correspondent, The Daily Nightly, MSNBC, April 19, 2009
15.Jump up ^ "Columbine Survivor's Movie Purges Emotions", Catherine Tsai, Associated Press (via CBS4Denver.com), April 17, 2009
16.Jump up ^ "CNN Newsroom: Andrew Robinson segment", Tony Harris and Nicole Lapin, CNN Newsroom, April 17, 2009
17.Jump up ^ "Andrew Robinson's 'April Showers' focuses on survivors of Columbine", Yvonne Villarreal, Los Angeles Times, April 16, 2009
18.Jump up ^ "No 'closure' for Columbine Class of 1999", Donna Leinwand, USA Today, April 16, 2009
19.Jump up ^ "The Lives Shaped by Tragedy", Stephanie Simon, The Wall Street Journal, April 14, 2009
20.Jump up ^ "Andrew Robinson", Nicole Lapin, CNN Young People Who Rock, CNN, April 14, 2009
21.Jump up ^ "Film about Columbine shootings stars former SSHS student", Margaret Hair, Steamboat Pilot & Today, April 11, 2009
22.Jump up ^ "Based on Actual Events", Christian Toto, Denver Magazine, April, 2009
23.Jump up ^ "Columbine 10th Anniversary Gathering Reveals New Untold Stories", Reuters, March 23, 2009
24.Jump up ^ "Columbine Revisited", Vicky Collins, Vicky Collins Online, March 21, 2009
External links[edit]
Official website
April Showers at the Internet Movie Database
 

Categories: 2009 films
English-language films
American drama films
2000s drama films
Films about school violence
Works about the Columbine High School massacre
Films about bullying
Independent films


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Columbine (book)

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Columbine
Columbinebookcover.jpg
Book cover

Author
Dave Cullen
Cover artist
Henry Sene Yee
Country
United States
Language
English
Subject
Columbine High School Massacre
Genre
History, Popular culture, True crime, Cultural Studies
Publisher
Twelve
Publication date
April 6, 2009
Media type
Hardback, paperback, audiobook, Kindle, Nook, large-print
Pages
432
ISBN
978-0-446-54693-5
OCLC Number
236082459
Dewey Decimal
373.788/8 22
LC Classification
LB3013.33.C6 C84 2009
Columbine is a non-fiction book written by Dave Cullen and published by Twelve on April 6, 2009. It is a comprehensive examination of the Columbine High School massacre, perpetrated by Eric Harris and Dylan Klebold on April 20, 1999. The book covers two major storylines: the killers' evolution leading up to the attack, and the survivors' struggles with aftermath over the next decade. Chapters alternate between the two stories. Graphic depictions of parts of the attack are also included, plus actual names of friends and family were used as well (the only exception was the pseudonym "Harriet" which was used for a girl whom Klebold was in love with and wrote obsessively about, as her real name has never been disclosed).
Cullen, then a freelance reporter in Denver, spent ten years researching and writing the book. He previously contributed to The New York Times, The Washington Post, The Times of London and The Guardian. He is best known for his work for Slate and Salon.com. His Slate story "The Depressive and the Psychopath" five years earlier, offered the first diagnosis of the killers by the team of psychologists and psychiatrists brought into the case by the FBI.[1]
Publication was timed to coincide with the tenth anniversary of the Columbine High School massacre, which occurred on April 20. The book spent eight weeks on The New York Times bestseller list in the spring of 2009, peaking at #3.[2][3]
The book gained considerable media attention for discussing the so-called Columbine myths widely taken for granted. According to the book, the massacre had nothing to do with school bullying, jocks, the Gothic subculture, Marilyn Manson or the Trench Coat Mafia.[4] Cullen also writes it was not intended primarily as a school shooting, but as a bombing. Cullen reports that Harris and Klebold intended to perpetrate the worst terrorist attack in American history. The book garnered glowing reviews from Time, Newsweek, People, The New York Observer, and The New York Times Book Review. One of the few dissenting views came from Janet Maslin.
Columbine won a bevy of awards and honors, including the Edgar Allan Poe Award,[5] Barnes & Noble's Discover Award,[6] and the Goodreads Choice Award.[7] It was a finalist for the LA Times Book Prize,[8] the Audie Award, and the MPIBA Regional Book Award.
Columbine was named to two dozen Best of 2009 lists, including the New York Times, LA Times, Publishers Weekly, iTunes and the American Library Association. It was declared Top Education Book of 2009 and one of the best of the decade by the American School Board Journal.

Contents
  [hide] 1 Synopsis
2 Reception
3 Awards
4 Paperback edition: New disclosures from the killers' parents
5 Use in schools
6 Motion picture and stage play
7 See also
8 References
9 Reviews
10 External links
Synopsis[edit]
Columbine has two main storylines, told in alternating chapters: the 'before' story of the killers' evolution toward murder, and the 'after' story of the survivors. There are shorter 'during' accounts of the attack, dispersed through the book.
The 'before' story focuses primarily on the killers' high school years. According to the experts cited here, Eric Harris was a textbook psychopath, and Dylan Klebold was an angry depressive.
The 'after' chapters are composed of eight major substories, focused on individuals who played a key role in the aftermath, including Principal Frank DeAngelis, alleged Christian martyr Cassie Bernall (another myth, according to the book), "the boy in the window" Patrick Ireland, FBI Supervisory Special Agent Dwayne Fuselier, the families of victim Danny Rohrbough and heroic teacher Dave Sanders, who died saving students from the gunmen. The Evangelical Christian community's feverish response is also chronicled.
Columbine begins four days before the massacre, at a school assembly hosted by Principal DeAngelis just before Prom weekend. Scenes from the massacre are depicted graphically in the early chapters, and later through flashbacks.
The book is formally composed of five parts: "Part One: Female Down," "Part Two: After and Before," "Part Three: The Downward Spiral," "Part Four: Take Back the School," and "Part Five: Judgment Day." The book contains fifty-three chapters, a timeline, twenty-six pages of detailed endnotes and a fifteen-page bibliography organized into topics like, "Psychopathy," "Government Reports," "Lawsuits," "Christians," "Evidence," "Hostages and Terrorists," "Survivors," "Media Accounts," "Police Ethics and Response Protocols," etc.[9]
Reception[edit]
Published by Twelve on April 6, 2009,[10] Columbine debuted at number seven on the bestseller list for The New York Times in the United States."[2] It peaked at number three,[11] and spent eight weeks on the list.[3]
The book was very well received by critics, and by news media, which focused heavily on the dispelling of Columbine myths, and also the extensive portrayal of the minds of the two killers. In The New York Observer, Stephen Amidon described Columbine as a “gripping study . . . To his credit, Mr. Cullen does not simply tear down Columbine’s legends. He also convincingly explains what really sparked the murderous rage . . . disquieting . . . beautifully written."[12]
Several critics compared the book to In Cold Blood, including former Publishers Weekly Editor In Chief Sara Nelson, who reviewed it for The Daily Beast and called it "a riveting read, on a par with the greatest crime analysis from In Cold Blood or The Stranger Beside Me."[13] A debate sprang up on the issue, with some critics concurring and others arguing that Cullen's artistry fell short of Capote's.
Jennifer Senior in The New York Times Book Review resisted the Capote comparison, but offered high praise. She observed that "Had Dave Cullen capitulated to cliché while writing “Columbine,” he would have started his tale 48 hours before Eric Harris and Dylan Klebold’s notorious killing spree, stopped the frame just before they fired their guns, and then spooled back to the very beginning, with the promise of trying to explain how the two boys got to this twisted pass. But he doesn't. As Cullen eventually writes, “there had been no trigger — at least none that would be satisfying to horrified outsiders, grieving parents or anyone in between. Eric Harris was a psychopath, simple as that. Dylan Klebold was a suicidally depressed kid who yoked his fate to a sadist. Instead, what intrigues the author are perceptions and misperceptions: how difficult a shooting spree is to untangle; how readily mass tragedies lend themselves to misinformation and mythologizing; how psychopaths can excel at the big con. . . . Yet what’s amazing is how much of Cullen’s book still comes as a surprise. I expected a story about misfits exacting vengeance, because that was my memory of the media consensus — Columbine, right, wasn't there something going on there between Goths and jocks? In fact, Harris and Klebold were killing completely at random that day. Their victims weren't the intended targets at all; the entire school was."[14]
Janet Maslin published one of the book's few negative reviews in the daily issue of The New York Times. Maslin wrote: "And now that books as commercially ambitious as Columbine are marketed like movies, an online video advertisement for the book touts its “10 years in the making,” calling it “the definitive story of an American tragedy.” For the same YouTube trailer Mr. Cullen allowed himself to be filmed sitting at his desk amid potted houseplants, scrolling solemnly through a computer-screen copy of one of the killers’ hate-filled journals."[15]
Maslin also ridiculed Newsweek's review. Maslin wrote, "But Mr. Cullen has not written this book solely to dissect the events of Columbine. He also invites his readers to relive them. So he replays the planning and execution of the killings for maximum dramatic impact, trying to get right inside the killers’ heads. (“Act II: firing time. This was going to be fun.”) Newsweek’s credulous review of “Columbine” has already applauded this voyeurism . . . "
The Newsweek essay by Ramin Satoodeh stated: “In the decade since Columbine, there have been countless efforts to make sense of that day: memoirs, books, movies, even a play opening in Los Angeles in April. The definitive account, however, will likely be Dave Cullen’s COLUMBINE, a nonfiction book that has the pacing of an action movie and the complexity of a Shakespearean drama . . . Cullen has a gift, if that's the right word, for excruciating detail. At times the language is so vivid you can almost smell the gunpowder and the fear. . . . The Columbine killers were a strange and deeply disturbed pair, right out of a Truman Capote book. We've heard plenty of the details about Klebold and Harris—their fixation with the Nazis, their lust for violence, the homemade tapes in which they laid out their grand scheme for us to watch later—but Cullen, despite all odds, manages to humanize them. . . . Cullen also debunks some of the biggest fallacies.”[16]
Awards[edit]
Columbine has won the following awards.
Edgar Award [5]
Barnes and Noble Discover Award [6]
Goodreads Choice Award [7]
American School Boards Association Best Education Book of 2009 [17]
The Truth About The Fact Award
Columbine was a finalist for the following awards.
The Los Angeles Times Book Prize[18]
The American Library Association Alex Award[19]
The Audie Award [20]
Abraham Lincoln High School Book Award[21] (Winner to be announced in spring 2012.)
The Mountains and Plains Independent Booksellers Association Award [22]
Columbine was named to many Best of 2009 lists, including these.
New York Times Book Review: 100 Notable Books of 2009 [23]
Los Angeles Times: 25 Favorite Nonfiction Books of 2009 [8]
LA Times Editor David Ulin's Top Six Nonfiction [24]
Entertainment Weekly: Best Books of 2009: #4 in Nonfiction [25]
American School Board Journal: #1 Education Book for 2009 [26]
Publishers Weekly Best 100 Books for 2009 [27]
iTunes: #1 Best Nonfiction Audiobook of 2009 [28]
Salon.com: 5 Best Nonfiction Books of 2009 [29]
GoodReads Choice Awards: Winner Best Nonfiction of 2009 [30]
Chicago Tribune: Favorite Nonfiction Books of 2009 [31]
Miami Herald: 12 Reviewers' Choices for Most Intriguing Books of 2009 [32]
Borders: 10 Best of 2009: Nonfiction [33]
Amazon Editors' Picks: 5 Best Current Events Books of 2009 [34]
Amazon Top 100 Customer Favorites of 2009 [35]
Bookmarks: Best Books of 2009 [36]
Mother Jones: Top Books of 2009 [37]
National Post (Canada): Best Books of the Year [38]
Washington Post Express: 2009 Express Staff Picks [39]
New Haven Register: 10 recommended nonfiction for 2009 [40]
New London Connecticut's The Day: Best of '09 [41]
New West: Best Books in the West 2009 [42]
Paperback edition: New disclosures from the killers' parents[edit]
The Columbine paperback edition (released in 2010) reveals four secret meetings involving all four parents of the killers. This unforeseen development provided the first real public insight into the mindsets of Wayne and Kathy Harris. The awkward encounters play out in the new "Afterword" added to the paperback.[43] Further descriptions of the meetings with Wayne and Kathy Harris appear in The Daily Beast feature "The Last Columbine Mystery," by the same author, published at the time of the paperback release.[44]
The Afterword also includes updates on two bereaved parents and one wounded survivor of the Columbine shooting, and their starkly different perspectives on "forgiveness". The three are Linda Mauser, Bob Curnow, and Valeen Schnurr, respectively.
The expanded paperback edition of 2010 also adds scans from the killers' journals,[45] a diagram of the attack.[46] and book club questions.[47]
Use in schools[edit]
Columbine has been widely adopted as a text in high school English and Social Studies classes, as well as college journalism classes. The author created a free Columbine Teacher's Guide, as well as classroom videos and related material which have been widely downloaded from the web.[48] The guide includes units on teen depression, PTSD and overcoming adversity.
Several education associations singled out the book for students and teachers. The American School Board Journal chose it as "Top Education Book for 2009." It also called it "one of the best education books of the past 10 years."[49] The American Library Association selected Columbine as a finalist for its Alex Award for Young Adult readers.[19] In 2011, the Illinois School Library Media Association nominated Columbine for its Abraham Lincoln Award: Illinois' High School Readers' Choice Award, which is open to student voting through February 2012[21]
Motion picture and stage play[edit]
According to the author's website, a motion picture adaptation and a stage play are under development.[50]
See also[edit]
Eric Harris and Dylan Klebold - Perpetrators of the Columbine High School Massacre.
References[edit]
1.Jump up ^ Cullen, Dave (2004-04-20). "The Depressive and the Psychopath". Slate. Retrieved 2009-05-25.
2.^ Jump up to: a b "Hardcover Nonfiction Best Sellers, Week of April 26, 2009". The New York Times. 2009-05-29. Retrieved 2009-05-25.
3.^ Jump up to: a b Cowles, Gregory (2009-05-29). "Hardcover Nonfiction Best Sellers, Week of June 7, 2009". The New York Times. Retrieved 2009-05-30.
4.Jump up ^ Gumbel, Andrew (2009-04-17). "The truth about Columbine". The Guardian.
5.^ Jump up to: a b "2010 Edgar Nominees". Retrieved 2010-05-16.
6.^ Jump up to: a b "Discover Awards". Retrieved 2010-05-16.
7.^ Jump up to: a b "The 2009 Goodreads Choice Awards". Retrieved 2010-05-16.
8.^ Jump up to: a b "Favorite nonfiction of 2009 from the L.A. Times". The Los Angeles Times. 2009-12-03. Retrieved 2010-05-16.
9.Jump up ^ Cullen, Dave (2009). Columbine. Twelve. ISBN 978-0-446-54693-5.
10.Jump up ^ "Columbine (Hardcover)". Amazon.com. Retrieved 2009-05-22.
11.Jump up ^ Schuessler, Jennifer (2009-05-29). "Hardcover Nonfiction Best Sellers, Week of May 10, 2009". The New York Times. Retrieved 2009-05-25.
12.Jump up ^ "Return to Columbine". The New York Observer. 2008-04-07. Retrieved 2009-05-25.
13.Jump up ^ "The Secrets of Columbine". The Daily Beast. 2008-04-07. Retrieved 2009-05-25.
14.Jump up ^ Senior, Jennifer (2008-04-16). "The End of the Trench Coat Mafia". The New York Times Book Review. Retrieved 2009-05-25.
15.Jump up ^ Maslin, Janet (2008-04-05). "School Day When Hell Came Knocking". The New York Times. Retrieved 2009-05-25.
16.Jump up ^ "The Columbine Generation". Newsweek. 2009-03-28. Retrieved 2009-05-25.
17.Jump up ^ "Top Education Books for 2009". Retrieved 2010-05-16.
18.Jump up ^ "2009 Los Angeles Times Book Prize Winners". Retrieved 2010-05-16.
19.^ Jump up to: a b "2010 Alex Award Nominations List". Retrieved 2012-10-11.
20.Jump up ^ "15th ANNUAL AUDIES COMPETITION SHOWS STRENGTH OF AUDIO INDUSTRY". Retrieved 2010-05-16.
21.^ Jump up to: a b "Illinois School Library Media Association: The Abraham Lincoln Award: Illinois' High School Readers' Choice Award". Retrieved 2012-01-10.
22.Jump up ^ "Mountains & Plains Independent Booksellers Association Regional Book Awards 2010 ‐ Bookseller Ballot". Retrieved 2010-05-16.
23.Jump up ^ "100 Notable Books of 2009". The New York Times. Retrieved 2010-05-16.
24.Jump up ^ "Books of '09". Retrieved 2010-05-16.
25.Jump up ^ "The Best Nonfiction Books of 2009". Entertainment Weekly. 2009-12-18. Retrieved 2010-05-16.
26.Jump up ^ "Best Books for 2009". Retrieved 2010-05-16.
27.Jump up ^ "Top Education Books for 2009". Retrieved 2010-05-19.
28.Jump up ^ "iTunes Rewind 2009 looks back at the best media of the year". Retrieved 2010-05-16.
29.Jump up ^ "The best nonfiction books of 2009". Retrieved 2010-05-16.
30.Jump up ^ "Goodreads Choice Award". Retrieved 2010-05-16.
31.Jump up ^ "Our favorite nonfiction of 2009". Chicago Tribune. 2009-04-12. Retrieved 2010-05-16.[dead link]
32.Jump up ^ "Reviewers' choices for most intriguing". Retrieved 2010-05-16.
33.Jump up ^ "The Best of 2009: Nonfiction". Retrieved 2010-05-16.
34.Jump up ^ "Best Books of 2009: Top 10 Books: Current Events". Retrieved 2010-05-16.
35.Jump up ^ "Best Books of 2009: Customers' Bestsellers: Top 100 Books". Retrieved 2010-05-16.
36.Jump up ^ "Bookmarks Best Books 2009". Retrieved 2010-05-16.
37.Jump up ^ "MoJo's Top Books of 2009". Retrieved 2010-05-16.
38.Jump up ^ "The Afterword's Best Books of the Year". Retrieved 2010-05-16.
39.Jump up ^ "009 Express Staff Picks: Books". Retrieved 2010-05-16.
40.Jump up ^ "Book lovers have a vast and eclectic book crop to reap this year for gifts". Retrieved 2010-05-16.
41.Jump up ^ "Reads you need: Best of '09". Retrieved 2010-05-16.
42.Jump up ^ "New West Best Books in the West 2009, Part 1". Retrieved 2010-05-16.
43.Jump up ^ Cullen, Dave (April 2010). Columbine. Twelve. pp. 359–370. ISBN 978-0-446-54692-8.
44.Jump up ^ "The Last Columbine Mystery". Retrieved 2011-01-10.
45.Jump up ^ Cullen, Dave (April 2010). Columbine. Twelve. pp. 376–380,. ISBN 978-0-446-54692-8.
46.Jump up ^ Cullen, Dave (April 2010). Columbine. Twelve. pp. 374–375. ISBN 978-0-446-54692-8.
47.Jump up ^ Cullen, Dave (April 2010). Columbine. Twelve. pp. 439–441. ISBN 978-0-446-54692-8.
48.Jump up ^ "Columbine Teacher's Guide". Retrieved 2012-10-11.
49.Jump up ^ "Top Education Books for 2009". Retrieved 2012-10-11.
50.Jump up ^ "Author's Columbine page". Retrieved 2012-01-10.
Reviews[edit]
Review at Letters on Pages
Links to most major reviews at author's site
External links[edit]
Official Columbine website
Columbine shooting introduction video--book trailer
Columbine Teacher's Guide
 

Categories: Cultural studies books
Non-fiction crime books
True crime
2009 books
History books about the United States
Works about the Columbine High School massacre




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Hey Nostradamus!

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Hey Nostradamus!
Heynostadamas.jpg
Paperback edition cover

Author
Douglas Coupland
Country
Canada
Language
English
Genre
Novel
Publisher
Bloomsbury USA
Publication date
July 2, 2004
Media type
Print (Hardcover & Paperback)
Pages
244 pp
ISBN
1-58234-415-9
OCLC Number
55055459
Dewey Decimal
813/.54 22
LC Classification
PS3553.O855 H49 2004
Preceded by
All Families Are Psychotic
Followed by
Eleanor Rigby
Hey Nostradamus! is a novel by Douglas Coupland centred around a fictional 1988 school shooting in suburban Vancouver, British Columbia and its aftermath. This is Coupland's most critically acclaimed novel. It was first published by Random House of Canada in 2003. The novel comprises four first-person narratives, each from the perspective of a character directly or indirectly affected by the shooting. The novel intertwines substantial themes, including adolescent love, sex, religion, prayer and grief.

Contents
  [hide] 1 Plot synopsis 1.1 1988: Cheryl
1.2 1999: Jason
1.3 2002: Heather
1.4 2003: Reg
2 Characters
3 Inspiration
4 History of the novel
5 See also
6 References
7 External links
Plot synopsis[edit]
The novel follows the stories of victims of a fictional school shooting in North Vancouver in 1988. Coupland has expressed his concern that the killers of the Columbine High School massacre received more focus than the victims; this is his story about the victims of tragedy.[1] The novel is told in four parts, each with a different narrator and focus.
1988: Cheryl[edit]
This part of the book is told post-mortem by Cheryl, a girl killed in the fictional school shooting at Delbrook Senior Secondary. Cheryl, from a purgatorial ante-state, recounts the events that led up to the shooting, involving her secret trip to Las Vegas to marry her boyfriend Jason. She also describes with a first person perspective what was happening in the cafeteria while the school shooting was taking place.
Cheryl describes her relationship to God, her relationship to her group of religious minded friends and their "Youth Alive!" group, and her relationship to her husband, Jason. She speaks about her life with a frank, open nature, not afraid of anything, as she is beyond the grave.
We also listen in to the prayers of people still in the incident and of those thinking about the incident. It is explained that only prayers and curses can carry through to the afterlife. The text indents the prayers in the section, presenting them without interaction with Cheryl's character, as stand-alone external perceptions of the incident.
During the shooting, Cheryl is trapped under a table at the center of the cafeteria. While the killers are making their way through the crowd, one of them decides that he has had enough with the killing, and wants to stop. The other killers decide that he has become weak, and kill him. They then turn their attention to Cheryl and her friends, and Cheryl becomes the final casualty.
1999: Jason[edit]
This section is a letter from Jason to his two sons. We learn about what happened to Jason during and after the shooting at Delbrook. During the killing, Jason sees the killers running rampant, and finds a river-rock in a planter and after the one killer's turn of conscience, Jason throws the rock, killing one of the shooters. However, he is too late to save Cheryl, who dies in his arms.
Discovered thus by the police, Jason is initially treated as a suspect: an additional level of tragedy for Jason, further intensified by the mainstream media's sensationalistic exploitation of this mistake. As a result of this irresponsible treatment of the events by corporate media, the families in the school, including Cheryl's parents, believe Jason guilty and variously shun and abuse him.
The media then further misrepresent Jason by reporting, without research, that Jason had been seen before the shooting roughing up an accusatory Youth Alive! member over alleged impropriety in his relationship with Cheryl, whom Jason had in fact privately married in a Las Vegas chapel.
When Jason arrives home from the shooting incident, the RCMP talk to Jason’s parents. They tell them that Jason is a hero for taking out one of the killers. His father, however, does not see this. Reg has an excessively legalistic Christianity, and he reacts to the news that his son has taken a life with an extreme literalism and a confusingly condescending reaction. Jason’s mother, in this moment, breaks down, and attacks and seriously wounds her husband Reg which damages their relationship to the point of irreparability.
In the letter, forming this section of the book, Jason details the enduring and corrosive effects on his state of mind caused by his frenzied mistreatment by the media, and his dogged attempts to restore himself. He further details the pain caused by his father's openly preferential treatment of elder brother Kent, a leader in the Youth Alive! movement: pain intensified by Kent's early death and the attendant loss of opportunity for reconciliation.
Jason’s story continues from this beginning, as he tries to come to terms with the facts that life has presented him. He enters into a dark world very different from where he expects to see himself. He experiences several moments of black-out near the end of his letter, becoming disoriented and lost. However, Jason is presented with another chance to kill, again in self-defense, but he restrains himself. This choice of life over death provides him with a kind of redemption.
The secondary plot movement of the part involves the death of Kent. Kent`s memorial is a scene of a large fight between Kent’s widow, Barb, and Reg. The fight is based over whether or not twins both have souls. Reg says that one twin would be without a soul, which to Barb, the mother of twins, is appalled. This sends Reg into another dark spiral. Reg ends up at one point in the hospital, and only Jason goes to visit him there.
2002: Heather[edit]
This part of the novel is narrated by Heather, a woman with whom Jason has eventually been able to achieve trust and intimacy. Jason has now gone missing, and Heather is keeping a journal to remember and deal with her loss of him.
In a vain search for Jason, Heather is befriended by a con-artist named Allison who fraudulently presents herself to Heather as a psychic in order to extort money in exchange for (false) news of Jason. Allison provides Heather with information that only Jason would have. Jason and Heather's relationship began in a Toys "R" Us, with Jason purchasing toys for his nephews. Jason and Heather begin to create their own characters and stories for their characters, which is the information provided by Allison back to Heather.
Heather also talks about her relationship to Reg, who is undergoing fundamental changes due to the loss of both of his children. Heather’s interactions with Reg bring Reg back to a more humane Christianity, while bringing Heather to consider faith, where she had hitherto been staunchly against it.
2003: Reg[edit]
Jason is still missing, and this part is narrated by Reg as a lament for his lost son. This section is told by Reg as an atonement for his previous actions as he has come to realize the faults in his particular belief system.
He is writing a letter to Jason which he is going to post on the trees around the forest, hoping his son reads the letter, realises that his father has undergone a transformation, and comes home to him. The section, which climactically ends the book, is a paean of exultation.
Characters[edit]
CherylCheryl is the first narrator of the story. She is a young grade 12 student, who is a victim of the infamous Delbrook Secondary School massacre. Cheryl grew up in a non-religious environment but becomes religious, through her pursuit of Jason. Her family follows an agnostic mentality, and dislike Cheryl's newfound faith. Cheryl is the last fatality, before Jason storms in, and kills Mitchell with a blunt round object. Cheryl narrates between her former life, and oblivion. Jason and Cheryl wed in Las Vegas, using fake IDs purchased by Jason. She informs Jason that she is pregnant with his child, just a few hours before the massacre occurs.JasonA quiet and rebellious child from a very religious family. Jason is the narrator of the second section of the novel. His father, Reg, is self-righteous, zealous, and unapologetic, and seems to favour his older brother Kent.RegReg is the narrator of the fourth part of the novel. Born to a strict father, Reg turned to belief as his salvation. Creating a very strict religious code for himself, Reg married and became the father to two children, Kent and Jason. Kent was his father’s child, following in his father’s religious footsteps. Throughout the novel, Reg undergoes a transformation from narrow fundamentalist to a more open and loving human being.Jason’s motherJason’s mother married Reg when she thought she had found someone who believed in something. After Reg outcasts Jason, Jason’s mother leaves Reg, and takes Jason across Canada. She eventually succumbs to Alcohol-Induced Dementia.KentJason’s older brother. He is a leader in the Youth Alive! movement, and looms over his brother as his father’s chosen son. Kent is married to Barb, and has two twin sons with her. He dies in the beginning of the second part from a car accident.BarbKent’s wife, but she is the mother of Jason’s twin sons, therefore Kent’s nephews. She and Kent tried to have kids but it didn't work. Since she was desperate to have kids, and Kent dies, she forces Jason to have kids with her. Since, she wanted her kids to look like they're Kent's and her child, so she has sex with Jason so that there are chances of her child looking like Kent. After a fallout with Reg, she remains close to Jason until his disappearance. She is a different person from Kent in many ways, and is very different after the death of Kent.HeatherJason’s romantic partner in the latter half of the novel, Heather is the narrator of the third part of the novel. She is a woman who feels distant and is brought back into the world, just as she brings out Jason from his emotional seclusion. She creates characters and stories with Jason, which are later provided back to her by a psychic, who Heather believes will bring her back to the missing Jason.
Inspiration[edit]
Coupland began to write the novel in December, 2001, after a “nightmarish 40-city tour that began on 10 September”.[2] This tour took him across the United States and allowed him to experience the “collective sorrow” of the United States.[2] Coupland began to research the Columbine events after this experience.

Some people say, how come you never explored the motives of the ones who did the shooting. To my mind, that was all people talked about. I'm very much a fan of JG Ballard, where you have people in this fantastically quotidian situation that goes suddenly wrong, and how people deal with that. Killers get too much press already. I remember growing up, the stories in which they live happily ever after, and the only part that I was interested was, like, after that. Well it was fun for a while then they broke up and she got into crystal meth, found religion and turned into a lesbian. That's the part I wanted to know. That's far more interesting to me.
— Coupland in The Observer[2]
The quotation from Corinthians that opens the novel was found on a gravestone of one of the children who died in a high school shooting.[1]
History of the novel[edit]
An international best selling novel, the novel was received well by critics.

One lesson I've learned is that you can never guess how a work will be received, … Curiously, The Rocky Mountain News, which is the daily that did the most intense documentation of the incident, and which is the one paper I might have been a bit tetchy about, gave the book an A-minus and told its readers that the memory of Columbine was respected, and in no way diminished or exploited. My personal litmus test was that I didn't want any family member of a Columbine shooting to feel that their loss was being exploited.
— Coupland in The Globe and Mail[3]
The novel was released the same week as Gus Van Sant’s film Elephant, which also dealt with a Columbine-like situation.
Coupland also had an art installation on the same topic, called “Tropical Birds” which featured 3D versions of the kneeling figure from the front cover of Hey Nostradamus!, and other pieces which features scenes from a school shooting tragedy.[4]
See also[edit]

Portal icon Novels portal
Columbine High School massacre
Delbrook Senior Secondary School
References[edit]
1.^ Jump up to: a b Didcock, Barry. “Prophet & Loss”. ‘‘The Sunday Herald’’, September 14, 2003.
2.^ Jump up to: a b c Anthony, Andrew. “Close to the Edge”. ‘’The Observer’’, August 24, 2003.
3.Jump up ^ Toller, Carol. “The massacre motif”. ‘’The Globe and Mail’’, July 31, 2003.
4.Jump up ^ Gill, Alexandra. “Art goes Underground”. ‘‘The Globe and Mail’’, October 27, 2003.

[hide]
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Douglas Coupland


Fiction
Generation X: Tales for an Accelerated Culture·
 Shampoo Planet·
 Life After God·
 Microserfs·
 Girlfriend in a Coma·
 Miss Wyoming·
 All Families Are Psychotic·
 God Hates Japan·
 Hey Nostradamus!·
 Eleanor Rigby·
 jPod·
 The Gum Thief·
 Generation A·
 Player One·
 Worst. Person. Ever.
 

Non-fiction
Polaroids from the Dead·
 Lara's Book: Lara Croft and the Tomb Raider phenomenon·
 City of Glass·
 Souvenir of Canada·
 School Spirit·
 Souvenir of Canada 2·
 Terry·
 Extraordinary Canadians: Marshall McLuhan
 

External links[edit]
Book review from The Guardian
 

Categories: 2003 novels
Epistolary novels
Fiction narrated by a dead person
Novels by Douglas Coupland
Novels set in Vancouver
Canadian young adult novels
Random House books


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Vernon God Little

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Vernon God Little
Vernon god little cover.jpg
Author
DBC Pierre
Country
United Kingdom
Language
English
Genre
Black comedy, Satire
Publisher
Faber and Faber
Publication date
20 January 2003
Media type
Print (Hardback & Paperback)
Pages
288 pp (hardcover edition)
 288 pp (paperback edition)
ISBN
ISBN 0-571-21515-7 (hardcover edition)
ISBN 0-571-21516-5(paperback edition)
OCLC Number
50936799
 Wikiquote has a collection of quotations related to: Vernon God Little
Vernon God Little (2003) is a novel by DBC Pierre. It was his debut novel and won the Booker Prize in 2003 and has been adapted as two different stage plays.

Contents
  [hide] 1 Plot synopsis
2 Themes and style
3 Publication and distribution
4 Awards and nominations
5 Reception
6 Film, TV or theatrical adaptations
7 References
8 External links
Plot synopsis[edit]
The title character is a fifteen-year-old boy who lives in a small town in the U.S. state of Texas. When his friend Jesus Navarro commits suicide after killing sixteen bullying schoolmates, suspicion falls on Vernon, who becomes something of a scapegoat in his small hometown of Martirio. Fearing the death penalty, he goes on the run to Mexico.
Themes and style[edit]
The Booker Prize judges described this book as a "coruscating black comedy reflecting our alarm but also our fascination with America".[1]
The character of Vernon as a troubled teenager has drawn comparisons with the character Holden Caulfield in J. D. Salinger's The Catcher in the Rye novel.[2] There are also significant similarities with Mark Twain's The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn.
The book is written in contemporary vernacular - with the use of foul satirical language and a witty irony. The town in which Vernon lives, Martirio, is ironically given the Spanish word for martyrdom.
Publication and distribution[edit]
Formerly an artist, cartoonist, photographer and filmmaker, and later accused of being a conman and thief following the wild, drug-fuelled international rampage of his twenties, Pierre wrote the novel in London after a period of therapy, personal reconstruction and unemployment. He states the novel was a reaction to the culture around him, which after his own reorientation in life seemed to be full of the same delusional behaviours and self-entitlements which brought his own earlier downfall.
The book was originally drafted as the first part of a trilogy which his UK publisher advised against, but which Pierre has loosely pursued in two subsequent works set 'in the presence of death', and dealing with contemporary, media-infected themes: Ludmila's Broken English (2006), and the final part of the End Times Trilogy, Lights Out In Wonderland (2010). This third book follows to their conclusion many of the questions underlying Vernon God Little, and returns to the first-person narrative of a young man set apart from his culture, this time in Europe.
Vernon God Little was translated in over 40 territories worldwide under a variety of titles.
The German translation of the book is titled Jesus von Texas (Jesus of Texas).[3]
Out of 4,000 Britons polled, 35% of those who started reading this book did not finish it.[4]
Awards and nominations[edit]
Published in 2003, the novel was awarded the Bollinger Wodehouse Everyman Prize for Comic Fiction and the Man Booker Prize for Fiction which included the £50,000 prize. Upon winning the prize, Pierre said that the money was "a third of what I owe in the world" and promptly used it to repay old debts.[1] It also won the first novel award in the 2003 Whitbread Awards.
Reception[edit]
The British Mail On Sunday wrote: "Not since first reading John Kennedy Toole's masterpiece A Confederacy Of Dunces, have I laughed so much, or felt such sheer delight at the discovery of a wholly fresh comic voice."
Jonathan Lethem, author of Motherless Brooklyn, wrote: "Read Vernon God Little not only for its dangerous relevance, but for the coruscating wit and raw vitality of its voice."
The Times wrote: "A satire brimming with opprobium for.. [the] demi-culture of reality television, fast food and speedily delivered death... a bulging burrito of a book."
John Carey, Merton professor of English Literature at Oxford University, and chairman of Booker judges in 2003 said: "Reading [Pierre's] book made me think of how the English language was in Shakespeare's day, enormously free and inventive and very idiomatic and full of poetry as well."
Theodore Dalrymple wrote that the novel "was a work of unutterably tedious nastiness and vulgarity" that "manifested itself even in its first sentence, and grew worse as the first paragraph progressed"; Dalrymple described the author as "a man with no discernible literary talent whose vulgarity of mind was deep and thoroughgoing".[3]
Film, TV or theatrical adaptations[edit]
In 2004 The Citizens Theatre, Glasgow, performed the international premier stage adaptation by Andrea Hart and directed by Kenny Miller. In 2005, Variety reported that Pawel Pawlikowski was working on producing a film adaptation of the book, with FilmFour Productions.[4] Rufus Norris directed a stage adaptation, by Tanya Ronder, at the Young Vic theatre in 2007 starring Colin Morgan as Vernon and Penny Layden as Vaine.[1]
German director Werner Herzog is lining up a film adaptation of Vernon God Little, with script written by Andrew Birkin.[5][6]
References[edit]
1.Jump up ^ "Author Pierre wins Booker prize". BBC. October 15, 2003.
2.Jump up ^ Sam Sifton (November 9, 2003). "Holden Caulfield on Ritalin". New York Times.
3.Jump up ^ Dalrymple, Theodore (January 3, 2004). "Escape from barbarity". The Spectator. "The Booker Prize winner was a work of unutterably tedious nastiness and vulgarity, written by a man with no discernible literary talent whose vulgarity of mind was deep and thoroughgoing, to judge by the interviews he gave after the award. It was symptomatic of the state of our country that the judges, all of them upper-middle-class, and one of them a distinguished professor of English, could not see the terrible meretriciousness of the book they chose, that manifested itself even in its first sentence, and grew worse as the first paragraph progressed. Any kind of mediocrity would have been preferable, but they were probably scared not to side with vulgarity. Fear of appearing elitist in this country is now greater than any desire to preserve civilisation."
4.Jump up ^ Adam Dawtrey (January 18, 2005). "Pawel Pawlikowski". Variety (Reed Business Information).
5.Jump up ^ Pulver, Andrew (22 October 2012). "Werner Herzog to bring Vernon God Little to the big screen". The Guardian. Retrieved 22 October 2012.
6.Jump up ^ "Werner Herzog to adapt Vernon God Little into film". BBC News. 2012-10-223. Retrieved 2012-10-23.
External links[edit]
Review of Vernon God Little at The Guardian
Review of Vernon God Little in bulgarian at The Literature Today (Book blog in Bulgaria)

Awards and achievements
Preceded by
Life of Pi Man Booker Prize recipient
2003 Succeeded by
The Line of Beauty
 

Categories: Man Booker Prize winning works
2003 novels
Debut novels
Comedy novels
Costa Book Award winning works
Novels by DBC Pierre
Novels set in Texas
Novels set in Mexico
Faber and Faber books


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We Need to Talk About Kevin

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For the film adaptation of the book, see We Need to Talk About Kevin (film).

 This article needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. (October 2011) 

We Need to Talk About Kevin

1st edition

Author
Lionel Shriver
Country
United States
Language
English
Genre
Thriller, drama
Publisher
Counterpoint Press
Publication date
April 14, 2003
Media type
Print (Paperback and Hardback)
ISBN
1-58243-267-8
OCLC Number
50948454
Dewey Decimal
813/.54 21
LC Classification
PS3569.H742 W4 2003
We Need to Talk About Kevin is a 2003 novel by Lionel Shriver, published by Serpent's Tail, about a fictional school massacre. It is written from the perspective of the killer's mother, Eva Khatchadourian, and documents her attempt to come to terms with her son Kevin and the murders he committed. Although told in the first person as a series of letters from Eva to her husband, the novel's structure also strongly resembles that of a thriller. The novel, Shriver's seventh, won the 2005 Orange Prize, a U.K.-based prize for female authors of any country writing in English. In 2011 the novel was adapted into a film.

Contents
  [hide] 1 Plot
2 Major themes
3 Adaptations 3.1 Film adaptation
3.2 Radio adaptation
4 References
5 External links
Plot[edit]
Eva's narration takes the form of letters written after the massacre to her presumably estranged husband, Franklin Plaskett. In these letters, she details her relationship with her husband well before and leading up to their son's conception, followed by the events of Kevin's life up to the school massacre, and her thoughts concerning their relationship. She also admits to a number of events that she tried to keep secret, such as when she lashed out and broke Kevin's arm in a sudden fit of rage. The novel also shows Eva visiting Kevin in prison. These scenes portray their cold, adversarial relationship.
Kevin's behavior throughout the book closely resembles that of a sociopath, although reference to this condition is sparse and left mostly up to the reader's imagination. He displays little to no affection or moral responsibility towards his family or community; indeed, Kevin seems to regard everyone with contempt and hatred, and reserves special loathing for his mother, whom he has antagonized for as long as he can remember. He engages in many acts of petty sabotage from an early age, from seemingly innocent actions like spraying ink with a squirt gun on a room his mother has painstakingly wallpapered in rare maps, to possibly encouraging a girl to gouge her eczema-affected skin. The one activity he takes any pleasure in is archery, having read Robin Hood as a child.
As Kevin's behavior worsens, Franklin becomes more defensive of him, convinced that his son is a healthy, normal boy and that there is a reasonable explanation for everything he does. Kevin plays the part of a loving, respectful son whenever Franklin is around, an act that Eva sees through. This creates a rift between Eva and Franklin that never really heals; shortly before the massacre, Franklin asks for a divorce.
Kevin's sister Celia is conceived largely because of Eva's need to bond with another member of her family. When Celia is six years old, she is involved in a household "accident" in which drain cleaner causes her to lose an eye. This is closely linked to an earlier incident involving the disappearance of Celia's pet rodents, after which Eva uses Liquid Plumr, a caustic drain cleaner, to clear a blockage in the children's sink. Two explanations are possible: that Eva left the cleaner sitting within Celia's reach, or that Kevin somehow attacked Celia with it, destroying her eye and scarring her face. Though never proven, Eva strongly believes that Kevin, who was babysitting at the time, poured the Liquid Plumr onto his sister's face, telling her he was cleaning her eye after she got something in it.
When relating the story of the massacre, Eva finally reveals that Franklin and Celia are in fact dead—Kevin killed them both with his crossbow before using this weapon to attack nine classmates, a cafeteria worker and a teacher. Eva speculates that he did this because he overheard her and Franklin discussing a divorce; he believed Franklin would get custody of him, thus denying him final victory over his mother.
The novel ends on the second "anniversary" of the massacre, three days before Kevin will turn eighteen and be transferred to Sing Sing. Subdued and frightened, he makes a peace offering of sorts to Eva by giving her Celia's prosthetic eye to bury, and telling her that he's sorry. Eva asks Kevin for the first time why he committed the murders, and Kevin replies that he is no longer sure. They embrace, and Eva resolves that she finally loves her son.
Major themes[edit]
Shriver focuses on the relative importance of innate characteristics and personal experiences in determining character and behaviour, and the book is particularly concerned with the possibility that Eva's ambivalence toward maternity may have influenced Kevin's development. Shriver also identifies American optimism and "high-hopes-crushed" as one of the novel's primary themes, as represented by Franklin, the narrator’s husband, who serves as "the novel’s self-willed optimist about the possibility of a happy family."[1]
Rationalisation for Kevin's behavior is one of the central themes of the story: when asked the simple question "Why?" after the massacre, he responds that he is giving the public the excitement and scandal that they secretly crave. Only in rare instances does another side of Kevin emerge: in childhood when he becomes very ill, and later, just before he is transferred to an adult prison and is evidently nervous. Near the end of the book when asked for the first time by his mother "Why?," he responds, "I used to think I knew. Now I'm not so sure."
Adaptations[edit]
Film adaptation[edit]
Main article: We Need to Talk About Kevin (film)
In 2005 BBC Films acquired the rights to adapt the book as a film.[2] Director Lynne Ramsay signed on to direct.[3] It was announced in March 2009 that Tilda Swinton had signed on to star in the film as Eva.[4] Filming began on location in Stamford, Connecticut on April 19, 2010.[5] We Need To Talk About Kevin was screened at the Toronto International Film Festival on September 9 and 11, 2011. John C. Reilly plays Franklin and Ezra Miller plays Kevin. The film premiered In Competition at the 2011 Cannes Film Festival,[6] where it was met with praise from film critics.[7]
Radio adaptation[edit]
From January 7, 2008, the story was serialized on BBC Radio 4 in 10 15-minute episodes and was broadcast daily as the Woman's Hour drama. It starred Madeleine Potter as Eva Katchadourian. Ethan Brooke and Nathan Nolan played Kevin at various ages, while Richard Laing played Franklin Plaskett.[8] It is occasionally repeated on BBC Radio 4 Extra.[9]
References[edit]
1.Jump up ^ Shute, Jenefer. "Lionel Shriver". BOMB Magazine. Fall 2005. Retrieved July 26, 2011.
2.Jump up ^ Miller, Phil (September 14, 2007). "Why does this author need to talk about filming Kevin?". The Herald.
3.Jump up ^ Arendt, Paul (June 6, 2006). "Ramsay needs to shoot a film about Kevin". The Guardian (Guardian News & Media). p. 21 (G2 supplement).
4.Jump up ^ Editors (March 18, 2009). "Producer Says Tilda Swinton to Star in "Kevin," Adaptation of Lionel Shriver Novel". New York Times Blogs. Retrieved March 21, 2009.
5.Jump up ^ Dawtrey, Adam (April 22, 2010). "The welcome return of Lynne Ramsay". guardian.co.uk (Guardian News & Media). Retrieved April 22, 2010.
6.Jump up ^ "Festival de Cannes – From 16 to 27 may 2012". Festival-cannes.com. Retrieved 2011-12-23.
7.Jump up ^ "BBC News – Cannes gets talking about British Kevin drama". BBC. May 12, 2011. Retrieved 2011-12-23.
8.Jump up ^ "Cast list and broadcast dates". Radiolistings.co.uk. Retrieved 2012-090-7.
9.Jump up ^ "BBC 7's website for the radio adaptation". BBC. Retrieved 2012-09-07.
External links[edit]
Podcast of Lionel Shriver discussing We Need to Talk About Kevin on the BBC's World Book Club.
Interview with the author from Salon.com
BBC Radio 4 interview with Shriver on the book
Information on the book from the publisher, Serpent's Tail
We Need to Talk About Kevin at the Internet Movie Database

Awards
Preceded by
Andrea Levy – Small Island Orange Prize for Fiction
 2005 Succeeded by
Zadie Smith – On Beauty
 

Categories: 2003 novels
Epistolary novels
Fiction with unreliable narrators
American crime novels
Novels set in New York
American novels adapted into films
Orange Prize for Fiction winning works




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Give a Boy a Gun

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 This article needs more links to other articles to help integrate it into the encyclopedia. Please help improve this article by adding links that are relevant to the context within the existing text. (December 2012) 

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 This article does not cite any references or sources. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. (November 2006) 
Give a Boy a Gun is a book written by Todd Strasser. The storyline, which is constructed by quotations made by characters in this fictional book, almost mimics and is based on the Columbine High School Massacre on April 20, 1999.
Summary[edit]
The two main characters of this book are Brendan Lawlor and Gary Searle .Both attended Middletown High School. Gary has been a local in the town since birth, while Brendan had just arrived. The two soon become fast friends and watch out for each other as they get bullied. The football players at Middletown are constantly calling Brendan and Gary "fags" or other rude, degrading terms. Both boys become darker and angrier as the years go on, delving deeper and deeper into the use of addictive substances, such as acid, and alcohol. Along with Allison, Gary's girlfriend, and Ryan, a mutual acquaintance, the four would visit an old abandoned shack to get high. Gary, the science whiz, develops a homemade, powerful bomb. As the problems increase, Gary and Brendan acquire guns. They leave a cryptic message for Allison and Ryan, letting them know that there will be trouble at the dance, and not to attend. Ryan, who is ill, agrees, but Allison attends anyways. At the dance, Gary rigs bombs to all the doors so whoever opens them will explode. They use their guns to shoot out the lights, and they also wear masks. They secure all the hands of the attendees with plastic ties. Then they walk over to the quarterback for the football team, named Sam, and debate what they should do with him. They eventually decide to shoot out his kneecaps, so he will live unable to play football ever again. Gary and Brendan shoot around the gym, scaring students and injuring others. One of the football players, Paul, manages to get free. Paul unties a few of the kids, Gary commits suicide by shooting himself through his head killing many others with him and Brendan crashing the bullets through his skull at around 10PM on Friday, February 27.
The Characters[edit]
Gary Searle – one of the shooters main character *
Brendan Lawlor – the other shooter
Ryan Clancy – a friend of both Gary’s and Brendan’s
Allison Findley – Gary’s on-and-off girlfriend and Brendan's friend at Middletown High School
Terminx – Brendan’s screen-name
* Blkchokr – Allison’s screen-name
Rebooto – Ryan’s screen-name
Cynthia Searle – Gary’s mother
Emily Kirsch – a former friend of Brendan’s
Brett Betzig – a friend of Brendan’s from Springfield
Julie Shore – a friend of Brendan’s from Springfield
Beth Bender – Middletown High School counselor
Paul Burns – a football player at Middletown High School
Sam Flach - a football player at Middletown High School
Deidre Bunson – a ‘popular’ girl at Middletown High School
Ruth Hollington – Gary’s fourth-grade teacher at Middletown Elementary School
Stuart McEvoy – Gary’s sixth-grade teacher at Middletown Middle School
Katherine Sullivan – Brendan’s sixth-grade teacher at Springfield Middle School
Kit Conner – a neighbor of the Lawlors’ in Springfield
Dick Flanagan – Brendan’s ninth-grade English teacher at Middletown High School
F. Douglas Ellin – a biology teacher at Middletown High School
Allen Curry – principal of Middletown High School
Jack Phillips – a neighbor of Brendan’s
Chelsea Baker – a transfer student to Middletown High School
Denise Shipley – Gary’s older stepsister
jack phillps-neighbor
 

Categories: 2000 novels
Crime novels
Novels about revenge
Novels based on actual events
Works about the Columbine High School massacre
Novels about bullying





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Nineteen Minutes

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Nineteen Minutes
Nineteenminutes.jpg
1st edition

Author
Jodi Picoult
Country
 USA
Language
English
Genre
Novel, Thriller
Publisher
Atria
Publication date
March 6, 2007
Media type
Print (Paperback)
Pages
455 pp
ISBN
ISBN 978-1-74175-072-0
Nineteen Minutes, published on March 9, 2007, is a novel by Jodi Picoult. It was her first book to debut at #1 on the New York Times Best Seller list.[1] This book is about a school shooting, and focuses on the events leading up to and following the incident.

Contents
  [hide] 1 Plot
2 Characters
3 Victims
4 Reception
5 Autobiographical elements
6 References
7 External links
Plot[edit]
The story begins on March 6, 2007 in the small town of Sterling, New Hampshire, tracking the lives of a number of characters on an "ordinary day." The characters include Alex Cormier, a superior court judge; her daughter Josie, a junior in high school; Lacy, Lewis, and Peter Houghton; Detective Patrick Ducharme; and several victims-to-be.
At the local high school, Sterling High, the story follows a routine day of students in classes, at the gym, and in the cafeteria. Suddenly, a loud bang is heard from the parking lot, which turns out to be a bomb set off in Matt Royston's car. As the students are distracted by the noise, gun shots are fired. When Patrick, the only detective on the Sterling police force, arrives at Sterling High, he searches the school to seek out the gunman, who is alleged to be a student. After passing several dead and wounded victims, Patrick traps and arrests the shooter, Peter Houghton, in the locker room, where he finds two students, Josie Cormier and Matt Royston, lying on the floor surrounded in blood. While Matt is dead, having been the only victim shot twice, Josie is not seriously injured, but only shocked: she cannot remember what happened.
The shooting kills ten people (nine students and one teacher) and wounds many other people.
Throughout the book, time flashes back and forth between events before and after the shooting. In the past, the reader learns that Peter and Josie were once close friends. Peter was frequently the target of severe bullying at school, and Josie often stuck up for him. The friends slowly drifted apart as they got older: Josie joined the popular crowd in order to protect her own interests, seeing her relationship to Peter as embarrassing. The story pictures Peter as an outcast at home as well; Peter believes his older brother Joey is favored by their parents. Joey is a popular straight-A student and athlete, but feels it necessary to ridicule Peter to protect his reputation, even fabricating a story that Peter was adopted. When Joey is killed in a car accident in 2006, Lacy and Lewis Houghton are too upset to pay attention to their remaining son, causing a bigger rift between Peter and his parents.
In their sophomore year, Josie begins dating Matt, a popular jock who leads his friends Drew Girard and John Eberhard in bullying Peter. Matt often calls Peter "homo" and "fag," leading Peter to question his sexual orientation. The bullying intensifies once Matt begins dating Josie, in his possessive efforts to keep her away from other boys. On one occasion, Peter approaches Josie after school to try talking to her. Matt beats him up, leaving Peter humiliated in front of the school.
The flashbacks also reveal several subplots: the difficult relationship between Josie and her single mother Alex, Alex's dilemma of being a judge and a mother, Peter's escape from bullying into to the world of video games, Josie's fear of falling out of the popular crowd and her suicide back-up plan when she does, Matt's abusive behavior toward Josie, Josie's pregnancy and subsequent miscarriage, as well as Lewis Houghton's hunting lessons with his son Peter.
One month before the shooting, Peter realizes that he has feelings for Josie, and sends her an email expressing his love. Courtney Ignatio reads this email before Josie and has Drew forward it to the entire school. Courtney then convinces Peter that Josie likes him. Peter asks Josie to join him later during lunch, only to suffer public humiliation as Matt pulls down Peter's pants and exposes his genitals to a cafeteria full of students. Peter's psychotic break is triggered on the morning of the shooting when he turns on his computer and accidentally opens the email he wrote to Josie.
After the shooting, Peter is sent to jail while the trial proceeds. The probable cause hearing is waived as Peter admits to killing ten people and wounding nineteen others. Jordan, Peter's defense attorney, uses battered person syndrome caused by severe bullying and abuse as a basis to convince the jury that Peter’s actions were justified as a result of his suffering from post-traumatic stress disorder. Jordan argues that he was in a dissociative state at the time of the shooting. In the final stage of the trial, Josie reveals that she was the one who shot Matt the first time after grabbing a gun that fell out of Peter's bag. He was abusive. Peter later fired the fatal second shot. Peter promised her he wouldn't tell anyone what she had done, and he kept this promise, happy to have Josie as his friend again.
Peter is convicted of eight counts of first-degree murder and two counts of second-degree murder (manslaughter) and is sentenced to life in prison. A month afterward, Peter commits suicide by stuffing a sock into his throat.
At the end of the book, one year from the date of the massacre, Josie has received a five-year sentence for accessory of manslaughter and is regularly visited in jail by her mother. Throughout the book, Josie never told the whole story, instead repeating, "I can't remember." When Josie admits to shooting Matt, Peter's sentence is reduced. Alex and Patrick, who are expecting their first child, walk the halls of the high school. Sterling High has been extensively remodeled after the shooting. The cafeteria, the gym and locker room where the massacre took place have been replaced by a large glass atrium with a memorial to the dead in the center, a row of ten white chairs bolted to the floor. A plaque declares the building "A Safe Harbor."
Characters[edit]
Peter Houghton: The male protagonist. A unique kid, he has been bullied for a majority of his life. He has an avid interest in computers and video games and wears glasses, making him a frequent target of teasing. He maintained a friendship with Josie Cormier until middle school, with her ultimately choosing popularity over her one true friend. After Josie's departure, he befriends Derek, often creating video games with him. His home life was equally upsetting; he never seemed to relate to his parents, despite his mother's best efforts. His older brother Joey teased Peter himself and even egged on the bullying, making up lies about him. During his high school years, he realizes he is in love with Josie, sparking a drastic chain of events. A love email he sends to her and the popular students interception of it is the catalyst in Peter's actions. After a lengthy trial and a conviction, Peter commits suicide by stuffing a sock down his throat.
Josie Cormier: The female protagonist. Once Peter's loyal, sweet best friend, she stops hanging out with him in middle school for the popular crowd. Josie has great difficulty maintaining her image over the years, torn between what she is expected to be and how she wants to be. She realizes the shallowness of her clique and even acknowledges it on occasion, but she is too afraid to leave, fearing social obscurity at best. She hates her friends and boyfriend Matt's nasty behavior toward the less popular students, but never stands up for them. Josie's home life isn't too good either; she has a very weak connection with her mother and never knew her father. She clings to Matt for emotional support and comfort. He becomes physically abusive towards her and she never leaves him, possibly leading her to shoot him in the stomach the day of Peter's rampage. By the end, she is sentenced to five years in prison.
Alex Cormier: Josie's mother. Throughout the novel, it is shown before and after the shooting that she has a great deal of trouble connecting to Josie. The judge assigned to Peter's case, until Josie is called in as a witness.
Patrick Ducharme: Detective on the Sterling Police Force and Alex's love interest. He is a recurring character, appeared before in Perfect Match. Is the head detective on the Sterling High case. At the end of the book, he ad Alex are romantically involved and expecting their first child
Lacy Houghton: Peter's mother. She is a midwife, and struggles to understand her son's actions. Also, when she discovers Joey was a heroin addict, she disposes of the evidence, as she cannot bring herself to accept her deceased son was anything other than perfect.
Lewis Houghton: Peter's Father. A happy economist and college lecturer. He owns many guns in his house and frequently goes hunting. Lewis tried to introduce Peter to hunting, and often took him on trips, but Peter never liked the sport. When Peter was in jail, he never visited him, instead, he went to the grave of the victims of the shooting. It is revealed that he favored Joey over Peter, but he only acknowledges it at the end.
Matt Royston: Josie's boyfriend. He is the most popular boy in school and is an aggressive hockey player. Matt and his friend Drew always would bully Peter from kindergarten, shoving, elbowing and hitting him, pulling his pants down and calling him names. He is very abusive to Josie, causing her to break her leg one time. The final victim in the shooting, and the only victim shot twice.
Jordan McAfee: Peter's defense attorney. He is a recurring character, appeared before in The Pact and Salem Falls. Has a baby son and an older son Thomas (also appears in the Pact and Salem Falls) and is married to Selena McAfee. He takes on Peter's case because he believes that Peter deserves a fair trial.
Selena McAfee: Jordan's wife who assists with her husband's case and one of the few people who are sympathetic towards Peter. She appeared before in the same books as her husband did, along with Jordan's child from his first marriage, Thomas.
Drew Girard: One of the popular kids and Matt's best friend. He, along with Matt, would constantly bully Peter and is considered a secondary antagonist.
John Eberhard: One of the popular kids who was wounded in the head during the shooting. He is left with severe brain damage, and possesses the mind of a very small child.
Brady Pryce: Another popular kid who dated Haley Weaver. He and Haley were considered "The Brangelina of Sterling High" He was injured protecting Haley in the shooting.
Haley Weaver: Girlfriend of Brady Pryce and Sterling High senior. She and Brady were considered "The Brangelina of Sterling High". Prior to the shooting, she was elected Homecoming Queen. She was badly injured in the shooting, resulting in many plastic surgery operations on her face.
Derek Markowitz: Peter's only friend after Josie leaves him for the popular crowd. He and Peter met when their mothers forced them to play soccer together and became friends since. Derek enjoys making computer games, several were co-created with Peter.
Ed McCabe: A closeted gay math teacher who ends up dying during the shooting. He offered support for Peter, who was confused about his sexuality during the book.
Courtney Ignatio: Popular girl who hangs out with Josie after she and Peter have a falling out. Courtney dies after being shot in the chest in the shooting. She badly bullied Peter; convincing him that Josie still had feelings for him and then publicly humiliating him.
Joey Houghton: Peter's dead brother. Joey was the "all American son", good grades, great athlete, etc. He was killed when he got hit by a car driven by a drunk driver, despite the fact that he was well liked, Peter was shown to utterly despise him. We also find that after his death his mother finds out that he was using heroin.
Logan Rourke: Josie's biological father. Married, and not interested in Josie's life.
Victims[edit]
In order of death:
Maddie Shaw, Josie's friend and a popular student. She is the first to die.
Courtney Ignatio, Josie's friend and a popular student, she and Matt Royston were the catalysts that caused the shooting.
Whit Obermeyer, a student shot in the hallways.
Topher McPhee, the school's pot dealer.
Grace Murtaugh, daughter of the town's minister.
Kaitlyn Harvey, a freshman with Down's syndrome.
Edward McCabe, the only teacher killed and Peter's former math teacher.
Noah James, senior and a jock.
Justin Friedman, fluent in Elvish and unathletic, Jewish.
Matt Royston, a popular jock, Josie's boyfriend. He was shot once in the stomach by Josie and once in the head by Peter.
Reception[edit]
The book received generally favorable reviews by critics, for the writing, character development,[2] plot twists, and the moral issues raised, including peer pressure, popularity, self-image, school bullying, betrayal and deception, sexual orientation doubt, teen dating violence, suicide, video game violence, single parenthood and communication barriers between adolescents and adults.[3]
The Associated Press acknowledged that although Peter's guilt cannot be in doubt from a legal perspective, it is hard for readers to know where to put the blame as the story unfolds.[4] Rocky Mountain News agreed, stating that while the beginning shooting scene makes it "painfully clear who the victims and killer are. As the novel unfolds, Picoult succeeds in lifting those assumptions up for scrutiny, until villains and victims seem to blend into a motley jumble of alliances and rejection."[2]
The Free Lance-Star mentioned that Nineteen Minutes created a two-sided story that helps readers understand everything about the school shooting, which is more than what normal media coverage will provide about this type of tragedy.[5] The New York Times praised Picoult's writing, commenting that she "writes articulately and clearly, making her all too much of a rarity among popular authors." [6] The Washington Post called the book not only a thriller that is "complete with dismaying carnage, urgent discoveries and 11th-hour revelations", but also a source of serious moral questions about relationships between children and adult, and among children themselves.[7] The Boston Globe considered Nineteen Minutes "an insightful deconstruction of youthful alienation, of the shattering repercussions of bullying, and the disturbing effects of benign neglect."[8]
An ambiguous point in the story is the identity of the author of the handwritten journal entries at the start of the book chapters, with New York Times saying this writer may or may not be Peter, although "it doesn't sound like him",[6][9] and Hippo Press analyzing that whether or not the writer is identified "doesn’t matter"; the author maybe either Josie or Peter, and the point is that the diary pieces "provide insight into the workings of the teenage mind", showing that they are "not all that different."[3] Peter, the shooter, is also noted by USA Today as a lonely bullied student more similar to the offender in Heath High School shooting in Paducah, Kentucky than the offenders in Columbine High School massacre (Both shooting incidents are mentioned in the story and used by Picoult as materials for research).[10]
Autobiographical elements[edit]
Jodi Picoult says her "children struggled with fitting in and being bullied"[11] which made them "guinea pigs"[11] for her characters in the novel. She knew the topic, bullying, was a universal one because everyone has experienced it in some way.
References[edit]
1.Jump up ^ "New York Times Best Seller Number Ones Listing". www.hawes.com. Retrieved 2009-06-19.
2.^ Jump up to: a b "Clock ticks for killer : Books : The Rocky Mountain News". Rocky Mountain News. Retrieved 2009-06-19.[dead link]
3.^ Jump up to: a b "HippoPress -- The Hippo -- Guide to Manchester and Nashua NH". Hippo Press. Retrieved 2009-06-19.
4.Jump up ^ "Fictional high school shooting provides riveting reading". The San Diego Union-Tribune. Associated Press. Retrieved 2009-06-19.
5.Jump up ^ "Fredericksburg.com - 'NINETEEN MINUTES' GIVES NEW TAKE ON SCHOOL SHOOTINGS". Free Lance-Star. Retrieved 2009-06-19.
6.^ Jump up to: a b Maslin, Janet (2007-03-16). "Nineteen Minutes - Jodi Picoult - Book - Review - New York Times". New York Times. Retrieved 2009-06-19.
7.Jump up ^ Taliaferro, Frances (2007-03-25). "Why He Did It - washingtonpost.com". Washington Post. Retrieved 2009-06-19.
8.Jump up ^ Campbell, Karen (2007-03-19). "Consequences of bullying erupt in Picoult's 'Nineteen Minutes' - The Boston Globe". Boston Globe. Retrieved 2009-06-19.
9.Jump up ^ Readers may speculate that Josie is the one writing those handwritten journal entries. When Alex comes into Josie's room at one point, Josie is in the process of writing in her journal - what she is writing turns out to be the handwritten entry in the beginning of the book.
10.Jump up ^ McClurg, Jocelyn (2007-03-05). "'Nineteen Minutes': A tragedy frightening in its banality - USATODAY.com". USA Today. Retrieved 2009-06-19.
11.^ Jump up to: a b Interview with Jodi Picoult about Nineteen Minutes
External links[edit]
Jodi Picoult official website
Official Nineteen Minutes entry on MySpace

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Jack (webcomic)

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 This article relies on references to primary sources. Please add references to secondary or tertiary sources. (May 2012) 

Jack
Main cast of ‘Jack’
----The main cast of Jack (From top, clockwise): Kane, Jack, Central, Farrago, Drip and Fnar.

Author(s)
David Hopkins
Website
www.pholph.com
Launch date
2001-03-01
End date
Ongoing
Genre(s)
Furry, drama, horror
Rating(s)
For mature audiences (MA)
Jack is a furry webcomic by David Hopkins. It is set in a world populated by anthropomorphic animals.[1]
Jack focuses on its title character, a wizened green rabbit who lives in Hell. He is the embodiment of the deadly sin wrath, whose punishment is being the Grim Reaper. In life, the unfairness of some deaths, particularly towards the ones he loved, made him angry.[2] In his position as Grim Reaper, he now has to witness more death, the cause of his wrath. Jack attempts to remember the sins he did in life in order to be forgiven for them. This is hard for him as his other punishment is having no memory of his life on Earth.
Jack was joint winner for the "Best Dramatic Comic" award at the Web Cartoonist's Choice Awards in 2004.[3]

Contents
  [hide] 1 Overview
2 History
3 Characters
4 Merchandise
5 Awards
6 References
7 External links
Overview[edit]
Jack covers subjects related to the attitude persons can exhibit in life, as well as its consequences to them and to the people around them. Frequent features are disease, rape, murder, suicide, bereavement and redemption. The comic is divided into a number of arcs (subplots) of varying length. Artwork style and presence of color differ from arc to arc. Arcs take place on Hell, Earth, Heaven and Purgatory. Arcs set on Earth take place during different, not always consecutive, time periods. In Heaven and Hell there is no concept of time.[4] The eyes of characters symbolize their status in the Jack universe: sins have no pupils; living souls and angels have full pupils; the souls of deceased persons have "pin-prick" eyes as long as they do not recognize their sins.[5][6]
Jack is based on Christian tradition, but the world and its rules are inconsistent with typical Christian views. The angels are the forces of good, and the sins are evil personified. Many of Hell's denizens enjoy inflicting pain on one another. However, there is confusion at times, with people who were good in life end up going to Hell. The unfairness of the fates of many of these people, and the observations of Jack on the unfairness of life, are central themes to the comic.[7]
History[edit]
David Hopkins, a minor furry comic artist, previously created comics such as Rework the Dead. After creating a comic entitled "Trixi and Tet" (which later became the third story "Arc" of Jack),[8] his then girlfriend (and later wife) Katie suggested that he should break out to a bigger audience. Initially hesitant as he was used to a smaller audience, he then expanded. After "Trixi and Tet" was published, he had around 5,000 readers.[9] Jack has four published comics books, spin-off comic books, and a growing fan base.[10]
The comic has since made references to other comics in the furry fandom, including guest art from furry fandom such as Albert Temple and Candy Dewalt,[11][12] and also appears in other furry webcomics such as A Doemain of Our Own and Gene Catlow.[13][14]
Characters[edit]



 Cover of Jack#2JackThe embodiment of wrath, Jack is a wizened green rabbit, wearing a ragged, brown cloak and carrying a scythe. His job is to collect the souls of the dead and lead them to their final judgment as the Grim Reaper. The plot revolves around his attempts to recollect the sins he committed during his life, which have been removed from his memory as part of his punishment.[15] Due to his lack of memory, little of his life on Earth is known, but he does remember parts when angels from Heaven allow him to. It is known he was created by humans as part of an experiment,[16] and his anger was triggered by the death of another similar experiment called "Jill".[2] He was born without genitalia for fear that he would reproduce. It is also becoming increasingly apparent that most of the embodiment of his sins are related to the falling out of mankind sometime between Jill's death and the beginning of the comic, possibly through direct killing, by way of incurring the "wrath" of Jack.[17]FnarFnar, a brown fox-rat hybrid who died while still in utero, appears as a child dressed in a blue and green sailor suit. He is missing his nose, because when his form in hell was being created, a crow tore it off. Although Fnar died without sin, he was sent to Hell, primarily to keep him close to his mother. His father is Drip, the Sin of Lust. Curious, trusting, and always smiling, Fnar is unaffected by the horrors of Hell because he died innocent and ignorant. He spends much of his time exploring Hell's riotous and fascinating landscape, while occasionally providing companionship to the reaper, Jack, or reuniting with his Hell-bound mother. His name is an acronym for "For No Apparent Reason".Drip Tiberius RatThe embodiment of lust, Drip is a monstrous blue rat with distinct, black scars around both eyes. In life, Drip was a serial rapist and murderer. He is also Fnar's father.[18] In death, Drip perpetuates these sins and shows no regard for his own redemption, making him a terrific threat to anyone who ventures too near. Jack, in particular, is tormented regularly by Drip. As part of his punishment, Drip is unable to feel any sort of gratification for his sins in Hell. Drip appears in other projects by Hopkins and functions as his nickname.[19]FarragoA young angel who often struggles to make sense of the politics of Heaven and Hell. She is portrayed as a ferret with bloody stumps protruding from her back, suggesting that her wings have been violently removed (she "earns" their regrowth later following a battle in which she helped Jack). A sympathetic character, Farrago develops an affinity for Jack upon their first meeting. She and Jack collaborate against injustices on numerous occasions.CentralA senior angel who adheres strictly to God's rule. A hybrid, her breed has been described as a "Hodge-Podge." It was revealed that Central and Jack were close during life but currently have a difficult relationship.[20] Although Central outwardly expresses a disdain for the reaper, she is, by nature, deeply dedicated to his redemption. She often struggles with her conflicting feelings for him.OthersOther characters include the other five sins, Vince Van Morrison (Greed), Dr. Kane (Envy), Bob and Lisa Vorsh (Gluttony), Emily (Pride) and the unnamed Sloth (Sloth). There are also denizens of Hell, Heaven, Purgatory, and characters living on Earth.
Merchandise[edit]



Screenshot from the Jack platform game
Currently, there have been four comic books containing collections of Jack comics (also referred to as the "dead tree versions") have been published by Furnation Multimedia. These include bonus story arcs not available online. There are also comic books by Hopkins and guest writers set in the same universe as Jack. These are Cliff (2 issues) and Long Island (1 issue). The former is a joint project with Roz Gibson, the latter is with Katie Hopkins.[10] There is a fan-made freeware platform game based on Jack.[21]

Name
Published
Pages
Jack: Issue #01 September 2004 32
Jack: Issue #02 October 2005 32
Jack: Issue #03 May 2006 32
Jack: Issue #04 June 2007 36
Cliff: Issue #01 January 2005 32
Cliff: Issue #02 October 2005 32
Long Island: Issue #01 May 2006 32
Awards[edit]
Jack was joint winner of "Best Dramatic Comic" (alongside Demonology 101) at the Web Cartoonist's Choice Awards in 2004.[3] It was also nominated in 2002,[22] 2003,[23] and 2005.[24] In the same ceremony, it was nominated for "Best Anthropomorphic Comic" in 2002 and 2003.[22][25] It was also nominated for "Best Environment Design" in 2003 and "Best Story Concept" in 2005.[26][27] Jack was nominated for "Best Anthropomorphic Comic Book or Strip" at the Ursa Major Awards for 2001 and 2003, and as "Best Graphic Story" for 2009.[28][29][30]
References[edit]
1.Jump up ^ http://www.thenewstribune.com/2011/10/31/1886697/jack-escorts-souls-into-afterlife.html[dead link]
2.^ Jump up to: a b Hopkins, David (August 30, 2006). "Arc XXVII: Why Do I Deserve To Die, Strip 927". Jack. Archived from the original on December 2, 2006. Retrieved 2007-10-31.
3.^ Jump up to: a b "2004 Winners and Nominees". Web Cartoonist Choice Awards. Retrieved 2007-10-28.
4.Jump up ^ Hopkins, David (August 22, 2001). "Arc V: Dinner at Arloest's, Strip 79". Jack. Archived from the original on September 28, 2007. Retrieved 2007-10-28.
5.Jump up ^ Hopkins, David (March 6, 2002). "Arc VIII: Games We Play In Hell, Strip 175". Jack. Archived from the original on September 28, 2007. Retrieved 2007-10-28.
6.Jump up ^ Hopkins, David (March 8, 2002). "Arc VIII: Games We Play In Hell, Strip 176". Jack. Archived from the original on February 16, 2007. Retrieved 2007-10-28.
7.Jump up ^ Hopkins, David (December 10, 2001). "Arc VII: All Work And No Play…, Strip 136". Jack. Archived from the original on September 28, 2007. Retrieved 2007-10-28.
8.Jump up ^ Hopkins, David (April 11, 2001). "Arc III: Trixi and Tet". Jack. Archived from the original on August 26, 2007. Retrieved 2007-11-02.
9.Jump up ^ Hopkins, David. "The Man Behind The Cloak". Jack. Archived from the original on September 14, 2007. Retrieved 2007-11-02.
10.^ Jump up to: a b "Collection of David Hopkins's Published Work". FurPlanet. Retrieved 2007-11-02.
11.Jump up ^ Temple, Albert (January 6, 2006). "Short XXXII Part 4: Fnar's Last Days in Hell with art by Sir Albert Temple". Jack. Retrieved 2007-11-23.[dead link]
12.Jump up ^ Dewalt, Candy (November 12, 2007). "Arc XXXI: Eye Opener (With guest artist Candy Dewalt), Strip 1,110". Jack. Archived from the original on December 13, 2007. Retrieved 2007-11-23.
13.Jump up ^ Rankin, Susan (August 30, 2004). "Might Jack lend a claw? (Thank you, Mr. Hopkins!)". A Doemain of Our Own. Retrieved 2007-11-23.
14.Jump up ^ Temple, Albert (August 9, 2002). "8–9 Cotton is made aware of his potential to affect the entire world!". Gene Catlow. Retrieved 2007-11-23.
15.Jump up ^ Hopkins, David (November 13, 2002). "Arc XII: Jack's Friend Fiver, Strip 279". Jack. Archived from the original on September 28, 2007. Retrieved 2007-10-28.
16.Jump up ^ Hopkins, David (June 15, 2005). "Arc XXII: My Mind Returns To Miller Hill, Strip 698". Jack. Retrieved 2007-10-31.[dead link]
17.Jump up ^ Hopkins, David (2009-10-). "Arc XXXV: Sever The Hunger, Strip 3076–3086". Jack. Retrieved 2009-10-16.
18.Jump up ^ Hopkins, David (June 13, 2001). "Short III: Drip's Lust, Strip 49". Jack. Archived from the original on September 28, 2007. Retrieved 2007-10-28.
19.Jump up ^ David Hopkins's VCL art archive. Accessed 2007-09-25.
20.Jump up ^ Hopkins, David (December 8, 2004). "Arc XIX: Wednesday's Child, Strip 618". Jack. Retrieved 2007-10-31.[dead link]
21.Jump up ^ "Jack". RM Network. June 9, 2007. Retrieved 2007-10-28.
22.^ Jump up to: a b "2002 Winners and Nominees". Web Cartoonist Choice Awards. Retrieved 2007-10-28.
23.Jump up ^ "2003 Best Dramatic Comic". Web Cartoonist Choice Awards. Retrieved 2007-10-28.
24.Jump up ^ "2005 Best Dramatic Comic". Web Cartoonist Choice Awards. Retrieved 2007-10-28.
25.Jump up ^ "2003 Best Anthropomorphic Comic". Web Cartoonist Choice Awards. Retrieved 2007-10-28.
26.Jump up ^ "2003 Best Environment Design". Web Cartoonist Choice Awards. Retrieved 2007-10-28.
27.Jump up ^ "2005 Best Dramatic Comic". Web Cartoonist Choice Awards. Retrieved 2007-10-28.
28.Jump up ^ "Award Winners 2001". Ursa Major Awards. Retrieved 2007-10-28.
29.Jump up ^ "Award Winners 2003". Ursa Major Awards. Retrieved 2007-10-28.
30.Jump up ^ "2009 Award Nominees". Ursa Major Awards. Retrieved 2010-05-18.
External links[edit]
Jack
Furplanet – Publishers of Jack comic books
Review of Jack, September 2009
Jack in Russian

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On Beauty

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 This article needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. (December 2012) 

On Beauty
OnBeautybookcover.jpg
First UK edition cover

Author
Zadie Smith
Country
United Kingdom
Language
English
Genre
novel
Publisher
Hamish Hamilton, London
Publication date
2005
Media type
Print (Hardcover and Paperback)
Pages
446 pp
ISBN
0-241-14293-8
OCLC Number
61855450
Dewey Decimal
829.914 22
LC Classification
PR6069.M59 O5 2005b
On Beauty is a 2005 novel by British author Zadie Smith. It takes its title from an essay by Elaine Scarry (On Beauty and Being Just). The story follows the lives of a mixed-race British/American family living in the United States. On Beauty addresses ethnic and cultural differences in both the USA and the UK, the nature of beauty, and the clash between liberal and conservative academic values. A short article in the Guardian has described it as a "transatlantic comic saga." [1]
The novel was shortlisted for the 2005 Man Booker Prize on September 8, 2005. Smith won the Orange Prize for Fiction in June 2006.[2]

Contents
  [hide] 1 Plot summary
2 Inspiration
3 See also
4 References
5 External links
Plot summary[edit]
On Beauty centres on the story of two families and their different, yet increasingly intertwined, lives. The Belsey family consists of university professor Howard, a white Englishman, his African-American wife Kiki, and their children Jerome, Zora and Levi, living in the fictional university town of Wellington, outside Boston. Howard's professional nemesis is Monty Kipps, a Trinidadian living in Britain with his wife Carlene and children Victoria and Michael.
The Belsey family has always defined itself as liberal and atheist, and Howard in particular is furious when his son Jerome, a newly born-again Christian, goes to work as an intern with the ultra-conservative Christian Kipps family over his summer holidays. After a failed affair with Victoria Kipps, Jerome returns home. However, the families are brought into proximity again nine months later when the Kippses move to Wellington, and Monty begins work at the university.
Carlene and Kiki become friends despite the tensions between their families. Rivalry between Monty and Howard increases as Monty challenges the liberal attitudes of the university on issues such as affirmative action. His academic success also highlights Howard's inadequacies and failure to publish a long-awaited book. Meanwhile the Belsey family is facing problems of its own, as they deal with the fallout of Howard's affair with his colleague and family friend Claire.
Zora and Levi both become friends with Carl, an African-American man of a poorer background than their own middle-class lifestyle. Zora uses him as a poster child for her campaign to allow talented non-students in university classes. For Levi, Carl is a source of identity, as a member of a more 'authentic' black culture than Levi considers his own background to be.
Inspiration[edit]
The book is loosely based on Howards End by E. M. Forster, and has been described by Zadie Smith as an 'homage' to Forster's novel. Parallels include the opening sections (Howards End begins with letters from Helen to her sister, On Beauty with emails from Jerome to his father), the bequeathing of a valuable item to a member of the other family (the Wilcox house Howards End is left by Ruth Wilcox to Margaret Schlegel; Carlene leaves Kiki a painting), and more broadly the idea of two families with very different ideas and values gradually becoming linked.
The setting of much of the novel, the fictitious Wellington College and surrounding community, contains many close parallels to the real Harvard University and Cambridge, Massachusetts. Smith wrote part of the novel as a fellow at Harvard's Radcliffe Institute.
Smith gives herself a very brief Hitchcock-style cameo in the novel: the narrator (or, indirectly, Howard) describes her as a "feckless novelist," visiting fellow of the fictional Wellington faculty, as Smith was of Harvard's, who is quick to abandon a tedious meeting.
See also[edit]

Portal icon Novels portal
Hysterical realism
Historiographical metafiction
References[edit]
1.Jump up ^ Turn over a new leaf: Article by Stephanie Merritt
2.Jump up ^ Zadie Smith Wins Orange Prize: Article at The Book Standard
External links[edit]
"Zadie Smith's Culture Warriors", a review by Frank Rich of the New York Times.
"A Thing of Beauty?", a review of On Beauty in The Oxonian Review of Books
Michiko Kakutani in The New York Times on On Beauty
"Dear Booker Committee", a discussion of On Beauty by Stephen Metcalf of Slate.com.
Tew, Philip. 'Zadie Smith’s On Beauty: Art and transatlantic antagonisms in the Anglo-American academy.' Symbiosis 15 (2) 2011: 219- 236

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Super Columbine Massacre RPG!

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Super Columbine Massacre RPG!
Super-columbine-massacre.png
The title card of Super Columbine Massacre RPG!, featuring security camera footage of Harris and Klebold in the Columbine school cafeteria shortly before they committed suicide.[1]
Developer(s) Danny Ledonne
Engine RPG Maker 2000
Platform(s) Windows
Release date(s) April 2005
Genre(s) Role-playing video game
Mode(s) Single-player
Distribution Online download
Super Columbine Massacre RPG!, abbreviated SCMRPG!, is a role-playing video game created by Danny Ledonne and released in April 2005. The game recreates the 1999 Columbine High School shootings near Littleton, Colorado. Players assume the roles of gunmen Eric Harris and Dylan Klebold and act out the massacre, with flashbacks relating parts of Harris and Klebold's past experiences. The game begins on the day of the shootings and follows Harris and Klebold after their suicides to fictional adventures in perdition.
Ledonne had spent many years conceptualizing games, but never created one due to his lack of game design and programming knowledge. He was inspired to create a video game about Columbine by his own experience being bullied and the effect the shooting had on his life. The game represents a critique of how traditional media sensationalized the shooting (in particular the role of video games), as well as parodying video games themselves. Super Columbine Massacre was created with ASCII's game development program RPG Maker 2000 and took approximately six months to complete. Ledonne initially published the game anonymously, releasing an artist's statement about the work after his identity was revealed. Super Columbine Massacre was released for free online and attracted little attention until 2006, when widespread media coverage fueled hundreds of thousands of downloads.
Reaction to Super Columbine Massacre was enormously negative; the title was criticized as trivializing the actions of two murderers and the lives of the innocent. The game's cartoon presentation and the side-plot into hell were considered by critics as obscuring the game's message, but it received minor note as a game that transcended the stereotypical associations of the medium as entertainment for children. Super Columbine Massacre's themes and content led to it being included in discussions as to whether video games cause violence; the title was later listed as one of the possible motivating factors of the shooter after the 2006 Dawson College shootings. Ledonne has become a spokesperson for video games as an emerging art form, and produced a documentary in 2008 called Playing Columbine about his game and its impact.

Contents
  [hide] 1 Gameplay
2 Plot
3 Development 3.1 Release
4 Reaction 4.1 Slamgate and legacy
5 See also
6 References
7 External links
Gameplay[edit]



 A screenshot of Super Columbine Massacre's battle screen, with an enemy student, player actions and character health shown.
Super Columbine Massacre RPG! is a role-playing video game. Players control the actions of teenagers Eric Harris and Dylan Klebold; the pair entered Colorado's Columbine High School on April 20, 1999 and killed 13 people before turning their guns on themselves in a library.[2] Much of the game takes place in a third-person view, with players controlling Harris and Klebold from an overhead perspective. The graphics and characters are deliberately reminiscent of a 16-bit-era video game; while the content is violent, the violence is not graphically rendered.[3]
When players engage in battle, the screen changes to a first-person view of the enemy; enemies are named by stereotypes or occupations, such as "Preppy girl", "Janitor", "Math teacher" and "Jock Type".[4] Combat has two options: "auto play", where the game chooses the weapon to use, or "manual play", in which the player decides to use a hand-to-hand weapon, explosive, gun, or defensive maneuver against foes.[2] Once a battle starts, it is impossible to avoid or escape; the player must kill the enemy or die. Text narrates battle events and actions such as finding a bag or gaining a weapon.[5]
As the game proceeds, flashbacks occur showing events in Harris and Klebolds' lives which may have caused them to commit murder; real life events are compressed into the game's timeframe for narrative purposes.[3] Much of the plot is constructed around the events precisely as they are believed to have occurred; lines of the gunmens' dialogue are often lifted verbatim from their writings or from their own home videos of each other.[3] In contrast to the 16-bit graphics are digitized photographs from the shooting or full voice samples from news reports; photos of the school are used as backdrops during battle scenes.[2][6]
Plot[edit]
The game begins as Eric Harris' mother wakes him on April 20, 1999. Harris phones Dylan Klebold, and the pair meet in Harris' basement to plot a series of bombings that will precede their planned shooting. The two reminisce about the bullying they experienced at Columbine High and express rage at those they perceive to be their tormentors. Harris and Klebold make a video, apologizing to their parents and asking them not to blame themselves for what will follow. The two boys collect their guns and bombs, pack a duffel bag with weapons, and leave home.
In the next scene Harris and Klebold are standing outside their high school. The player guides them to the cafeteria to plant their timed propane bombs without being detected by security cameras or hall monitors. After the explosives are set, the two stop for a moment on a hill outside the school, discussing their alienation and hostility. After the bombs fail to explode as planned, Harris and Klebold decide to enter the school and murder as many people as they can; the final number killed is up to the player.[7] After roaming around the school shooting innocents, Harris and Klebold commit suicide. A montage of clips showing Harris and Klebold's corpses, students comforting each other, and childhood photos of the gunmen plays.[6]
The game's second half finds Klebold alone in Hell. After combating demons and monsters from the video game Doom,[2] Klebold reunites with Harris, and they profess their enthusiasm for the opportunity to live out their favorite video game. The pair find themselves at the "Isle of Lost Souls", where they meet fictional characters such as Pikachu, Bart Simpson, Mega Man, Mario and real personalities including J. Robert Oppenheimer, JonBenét Ramsey, Malcolm X, Ronald Reagan and John Lennon. Next, they deliver a copy of Ecce Homo to Friedrich Nietzsche[2] before fighting the South Park design of Satan. Upon their victory, Satan congratulates them for their deeds.
The game returns to Columbine High School, where a press conference addresses the murders.[2] Some of the dialogue appears precisely as it was spoken after the actual event, while other lines caricature the political forces at work in the aftermath of the murders. The conference references gun control advocacy, religious fundamentalism, and the media's implication of Marilyn Manson and video games as culpable in the shooting.[3]
Development[edit]



 Ledonne became an unwitting spokesman for video games,[8] despite intending Super Columbine Massacre to be the only game he created.
Super Columbine Massacre was created by Danny Ledonne of Alamosa, Colorado, then a student and independent filmmaker. As a high school student, the Columbine shootings resonated with Ledonne, who said that he himself had once been "a loner", "a misfit" and "a bullied kid" in high school like the shooters. "I was an easy target to be picked on, and that started in kindergarten," he said. "It was the kind of bullying that most kids who were bullied experienced [...] When you get pushed every day, and when you are ostracized not once, not twice, but years in and out, your perception of reality is distorted [...] These things really do warp your understanding and your perception of humanity in some almost irrevocable way," he said.[9]
In 1999, director Stanley Kubrick's death and the Columbine High School massacre occurred within months of each other; Ledonne credited the two events with changing his life. After seeing A Clockwork Orange, Ledonne discovered that film could comment on culture; after the Columbine shootings, he realized he was headed down the same path as the shooters. "It was a bit scary, once I learned more about these boys, because it was like I was looking in the mirror and I didn't want the same fate for myself," Ledonne said.[9] He began taking martial arts, studying film, and saw a therapist. By the time he graduated from Alamosa High School, Ledonne had a 4.0 grade point average and was voted "most likely to succeed" by his peers. He studied film at Emerson College and moved back to Colorado to form his own production company, Emberwild Productions, which mostly edits wedding videos.[9]
In November 2004, Ledonne discovered a program called RPG Maker, which allows a developer to add images, text, story and objectives to design a game; RPG Maker creates the necessary programming automatically.[9] Ledonne had always conceptualized video games throughout his childhood but never produced one due to his lack of technical knowledge;[3] with RPG Maker he was able to fulfill his ambition. Ledonne decided to make a game that would explore why the Columbine shootings occurred, as well as refuting pervasive myths about the shooters and the alleged role video games played in the massacre.[10]
The researching, planning, design and programming of the game took about six months and between 200 and 300 hours of work.[2] All the footage and pictures in the game were taken from the internet.[11] Final Fantasy VI influenced the sprite-based design. Many of the songs in the game are MIDI versions of 1990s grunge and alternative bands such as Radiohead, Nirvana and Smashing Pumpkins. Ledonne paid meticulous attention to detail, including giving players access to the exact inventory the gunmen used on their rampage.[12] He watched videos, read newspaper articles and pored over 11,000 pages of documents released by the county government regarding the massacre and the killers.[13]
Ledonne added elements to the game to criticize subjects varying from public reaction to the disaster, to stereotypical role-playing game conventions. Every victory in battle displays the message "another victory for the Trenchcoat Mafia", in reference to the gang that Harris and Klebold were mistakenly affiliated with by the media.[14] Ledonne added the hell segment and populated it with characters from the video game Doom, explaining that "[having the shooters] battle these monsters in an eternal recreation of their favorite videogame was a statement in and of itself." Super Columbine Massacre is the only video game Ledonne has created, and he has no future plans to create another.[13]
Release[edit]



 Brian Crecente, then a games writer for Rocky Mountain News, helped bring wider attention to Super Columbine Massacre.
The game was made available for download on April 20, 2005, the sixth anniversary of the Columbine massacre.[15] Ledonne sought to remain anonymous at the game's debut to avoid any possible controversy,[16] which he would later regret as it created the impression he had something to hide. Under the alias "Columbin", Ledonne regularly engaged gamers and critics alike on a message board he established to discuss the game's depiction of the shooting and the broader implications of the shooting.[3] Ledonne's identity was revealed by Roger Kovacs, a friend of one of the Columbine victims, Rachel Scott.[17] Kovacs found out Ledonne's name by donating to the site via Paypal; after his name and address were posted online, Ledonne stepped forward and was greeted with requests for interviews. "That's when I decided that I had to grow a backbone and stand up for my creation," Ledonne said.[16]
The game is distributed as freeware, with donations in the amount of $1 requested to defray bandwidth costs.[13] Initially, the game attracted little attention, and was downloaded 10,000 times in its first year.[18] In April 2006 Patrick Dugan of web site Gamasutra wrote about the game after meeting its host at Game Developers Conference. Impressed, Dugan sent an email to Georgia Institute of Technology professor Ian Bogost, who blogged about the game. Brian Crecente of gaming news site Kotaku and the Rocky Mountain News subsequently interviewed Bogost, and the Associated Press and mainstream media picked up the story.[19] The increased visibility resulted in increased coverage, controversy, and downloads;[13] in the first half of May 2006 the game was downloaded more than 30,000 times. Ledonne announced in September 2006 that the game was no longer available for download directly through its website (instead providing download links), as the title's popularity cost too much to sustain; in a single day in September, he reported 8,000 downloads.[20] By March 2007, the game had been downloaded more than 400,000 times.[19]
Reaction[edit]
Reception of Super Columbine Massacre has been extremely negative amongst the mainstream media and those personally affected by the shootings. Upon revealing Columbine's identity as Ledonne, Kovacs said, "One of the girls who died [in the shootings] was a friend of mine, Rachel. We were in the same church group. Anyone playing this game can kill Rachel over and over again."[13] (Despite Kovacs' claims, Harris and Klebold are the only non-fiction characters that appear in the game.) The father of one victim remarked to the press that the game "disgusts me. You trivialize the actions of two murderers and the lives of the innocent."[21] One victim of the shooting played the game and voiced reserved support, remarking that "It probably sounds a bit odd for someone like me to say, but I appreciate the fact at least to some degree that something like this was made." While he took issue with what he saw as glamorization of the shooters, he also believed it would help open a dialogue about the shooting.[22]
Super Columbine Massacre was largely condemned by the press. Betty Nguyen of CNN labeled the game as an example of a subculture that worships terrorists.[23] Newspapers called the game "exploitive" and a "monstrosity".[24][25] PC World declared the game #2 on its list of "The 10 Worst Games of All Time."[26] Even critics who were supportive of Ledonne's intent found the game hard to play; Ben Kuchera of Ars Technica said that he left the game "shaken", but that as an easily-misunderstood game "the people who are most likely to gain anything from it will never play it."[4] Crecente felt that the message of the game was obscured by the cartoon graphics of the medium.[27] Reviewers for web site Gameology felt that while the hell segment was a well-executed parody, it did not further the game's message among those who were quick to judge the game.[28] Ledonne has refused to alter the game as it represents his thoughts on the subject at a particular point in time, but has encouraged others to rework the game themselves.[3]
The most positive reviews of Super Columbine Massacre came from critics who accepted Ledonne's intended message. Wired magazine writer Clive Thompson appreciated the game's attention to narrative detail, writing that "the upshot [of the game] is that Ledonne has done a surprisingly good job of painting the emotional landscape of [the gunmen]—whipsawing from self-pity to pompous grandiosity and blinding rage, then back again."[29] Thompson called the game subtle, including jabs at the participants and gaming culture by using the language of games as a way to think about the killings.[30] Paul Syvret's advice to those who found the game controversial and in bad taste was to "lighten up".[31] Bogost summed up his review of the game by writing "this game is not fun, it is challenging, and difficult to play—not technically difficult, but conceptually difficult. We need more of that."[32] David Kociemba, a professor at Emerson College, agreed with Bogost and commented that "the controversy should be that there aren't more games like Super Columbine Massacre RPG! that are as demanding and as artistically innovative."[5] Dugan responded to common criticisms of the game, including that the game was made in bad taste, by writing a scathing rebuttal on his blog:

I think everyone who disses the Columbine RPG is gutless. Most haven't played the game, or have played it with such preconceptions that they're blinded to the genuis [sic], the honesty, the beauty of its social commentary. Super Columbine Massacre RPG is riddled with design flaws and has mediocre graphics by 1995, the maker of the game admits this, but it regardless is a work of art. It puts you in the mindset of the killers and provides a very clear suggestion of why they did what they did; they were enacting an ideological demonstration through a terrorist act, and the game shines light on this as an indictment of the American dream and way of life painfully close to the main nerve.[32]
After the Dawson College shooting in September 2006, when gunman Kimveer Gill killed Anastasia De Sousa and injured 19 students,[33] the Toronto Sun wrote that Kimveer had self-reported playing Columbine Massacre on a web site.[34] The story was picked up by media and reported widely.[19][29][35] Upon hearing media reports of a link to the game one of the shooting victims at Dawson College contacted Ledonne and told him that "I just suffered multiple gunshot wounds and I think you should take this game down."[36] Ledonne expressed his reaction to the shooting and renewed media attention towards his game in an interview a week later:

If one is interested in making something for the public to view—be it a painting, a book, an album, a film, or a video game, should the POSSIBLE harm that may come out of this work be grounds for its suppression from society? This is, in a sense, pre-crime. If you believe in what you're doing and you want to express yourself, the expression should be primary and any interpretations that come after must always remain of secondary importance to the creation of the work itself. On another level, the entire correlation between the Dawson College shooting and my game is unfounded. [...] What else did Kimveer like? Black clothes? Goth music? Pizza? [...] If anything, the Dawson College shooting is proof positive that games like [Super Columbine Massacre] should be made; until video games are no longer among the "usual suspects" for homicidal rampages, the public needs to more carefully consider why interactive electronic media is somehow the manufacturer of Manchurian Candidates.[37]
Developer Ryan Lambourn created a flash game called V-Tech Rampage in 2007, which allows players to control the actions of gunman Seung-Hui Cho in the Virginia Tech massacre. Lambourn professed empathy for Cho, and said that he was a target of bullying in high school. "No one listens to you unless you've got something sensational to do. And that's why I feel sympathy for Cho Seung-Hui. He had to go that far," Lambourn stated.[38] On the V-Tech Rampage site, Lambourn posted a statement that he would take the game off of Newgrounds if donations reached $1000; at $2000 in donations he would take the game down from the main site and for another $1000 he would apologize for creating it.[3] Ledonne posted a comment on Lambourn's website after V-Tech Rampage drew comparisons to Super Columbine Massacre, calling Lambourn's statement tantamount to a "hostage note", and asking bloggers to consider "not whether a game about the Virginia Tech shooting SHOULD be made but how we might go about making a game that accomplishes more than V-Tech Rampage does with the subject matter."[39] Ledonne stated that he emailed Lambourn sympathetically, but that the creator responded to his emails with profanity; he reiterated that the two games had different motivations and were not easily comparable in content.[3]
Slamgate and legacy[edit]
In October 2006, Sam Roberts, the Guerilla Gamemaker Competition director of the Slamdance festival, emailed Ledonne encouraging him to submit the game to the contest. Ledonne looked at the selection of the game as one of the competition's finalists in December as evidence that "all forms of art can be valid tools for societal exploration (even painful topics like school shootings)".[16] The event's organizer, Peter Baxter, announced the removal of the game from the festival's "Guerrilla Gamemaker Competition" after its selection as a finalist. Several reasons for the change of mind were given, including threatened sponsor withdrawal, possible lawsuits, and "moral grounds";[40] Baxter denied that sponsor pressure caused the drop, instead affirming that "the shootings are still a very touchy subject, and rightly so. We have to be sensitive to [victims and their families'] feelings."[41] An additional consideration reported was that unnamed parties might sue for copyright violations in the game itself.[42] The announcement marked the first time the festival had pulled jury-selected content from the contest;[43] the incident was dubbed "Slamgate" by the gaming press.[44][45]



 Independent game developers like Jonathan Blow defended Super Columbine Massacre RPG! after it was removed from the Slamdance competition.
Following the announcement, USC Interactive Media Division withdrew its sponsorship of the festival.[46] Seven of the fourteen finalist games were removed from the contest by their developers in protest: Braid, flOw, Once Upon A Time, Toblo, Everyday Shooter, Book and Volume and Castle Crashers (Toblo was later reinstated by the DigiPen Institute of Technology, who owns the rights to the game).[47] Developer Jonathan Blow of Braid stated: "[Super Columbine Massacre] lacks compassion, and I find the Artist's Statement disingenuous. But despite this, the game does have redeeming value. It does provoke important thoughts, and it does push the boundaries of what games are about. It is composed with more of an eye toward art than most games. Clearly, it belongs at the festival."[48] Blow and the other developers sent an open letter to the festival, encouraging the reinstatement of the game as keeping with the festival's "trailblazing" efforts.[49] Despite protests, Baxter refused to change his mind, citing consideration for the shooting's victims and their families. Ledonne told the other finalists that he planned to go to the festival anyway and distribute copies of the game.[50] Acknowledging that the withdrawal of six finalists compromised the competition, Roberts let the attendees vote on whether any prizes would be awarded; they decided not to.[47]
Brian Flemming, director of The God Who Wasn't There, saw Ledonne's demo of Super Columbine Massacre outside the festival, and convinced two fellow Slamdance film jurors to award the game a "Special Jury Prize" for Best Documentary, an unofficial award not endorsed by Slamdance itself. The jurors intended to present the special prize alongside the award for best documentary. Shortly before the ceremony, Baxter informed Flemming that he couldn't present the award due to "music clearance issues", and refused to allow it despite Flemming's protests. According to Ledonne, Flemming tried to hold his ground, but eventually gave in to Baxter's request.[51]
Ledonne produced a documentary film based on his experiences after the release of Super Columbine Massacre. Titled Playing Columbine, the documentary uses the controversy surrounding the game to investigate the large issues facing video games as a medium for artistic expression.[52] The film premiered at AFI Fest in Los Angeles, California on November 7, 2008. Thirteen minutes of preview footage were released online,[53] and a limited edition DVD is posted for sale on the web.
As a result of the controversy of his game, Ledonne became an unwitting spokesman for the games industry, facing the medium's opponents in debates and forums. The furor resulting from Slamgate was called out by Ledonne and others in the media as a sign that video games had not yet outgrown the traditional stereotype of children's games.[3] Keith Stuart of The Guardian wrote that despite being confused and tawdry, Super Columbine Massacre "symbolizes a growing understanding that videogames have more to say than 'shoot the enemies and pick up health.'"[54] Authors Andreas Jahn-Sudmann and Ralf Stockmann consider controversial video games such as Super Columbine Massacre and the Grand Theft Auto "Hot coffee mod" evidence of sociopolitical tensions present between gamers and older generations.[55] The game and others like it continue to be at the center of the video games as art debate,[5] and Gamasutra credited Super Columbine Massacre and Slamgate as having two highly positive and far-reaching effects; first, forcing print game journalism to focus on the issue; and secondly, the "evangelization of the notion that games can be as meaningful and important as other media, even if the example is offensive to the sensibilities of most Americans [...] To win is to lose, but to play is to experience an enrichment that cannot be scored."[45]
See also[edit]

Portal icon Colorado portal
Portal icon Video games portal
School Shooter: North American Tour 2012


References[edit]
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51.Jump up ^ Orland, Kyle (January 31, 2007). "Columbine game blocked from receiving Slamdance special jury prize". Joystiq. Retrieved December 10, 2008.
52.Jump up ^ Barker, Andrew (November 17, 2008). "AFI: 'Playing Columbine'". Variety. Retrieved December 10, 2008.
53.Jump up ^ Kuchera, Ben (October 4, 2007). "Footage of Playing Columbine documentary released". Ars Technica. Retrieved December 10, 2008.
54.Jump up ^ Stuart, Keith (January 11, 2007). "Gamesblog: Sorry, Boris, these 'blasted gizmos' are here to stay". The Guardian. p. 3.
55.Jump up ^ Jahn-Sudmann, Andreas; Stockmann, Ralf (2008). Computer Games as a Sociocultural Phenomenon: Games Without Frontiers, Wars Without Tears. Palgrave Macmillan. p. 10. ISBN 0-230-54544-0.
External links[edit]
Super Columbine Massacre RPG! official website
"Playing Columbine" official website

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Playing Columbine

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Playing Columbine
Playing Columbine FilmPoster.jpeg
Produced by
Danny Ledonne
Music by
Cory Antiel
 Josh McKnight
Editing by
Danny Ledonne
Release date(s)
November 7, 2008
Running time
94 minutes
Country
United States
Language
English
Budget
US$12,000
Playing Columbine is a 2008 American documentary film produced and edited by Danny Ledonne, an American independent filmmaker. The film follows the video game Super Columbine Massacre RPG! in which players experience the Columbine High School massacre through the eyes of the killers, Eric Harris and Dylan Klebold.

Contents
  [hide] 1 Film content
2 Slamdance Festival rejection
3 Release
4 Reception
5 See also
6 References
7 External links
Film content[edit source]
In the documentary, critics and supporters of the game are interviewed, including Ledonne, Jack Thompson, Hal Halpin, Doug Lowenstein, Jason Della Rocca, Jenova Chen, Ian Bogost, Tracy Fullerton, Brian Flemming, and the hosts of Free Talk Live. Arguments are made to support the game's inclusion in a growing movement of videogames with social agendas, referencing other independent games such as McDonald's Videogame, Darfur is Dying, JFK: Reloaded, and those made by Persuasive Games.
Supporters of video games such as Greg Costikyan note that the medium of the video game is undergoing the same reactionary criticism as previously experienced by comic books, rock and roll, and Dungeons and Dragons. Some argue that video games will gain more mainstream acceptance as more video game players are in positions of power. The film argues that the medium of the video game should no longer be viewed as a child's toy but rather as a mature form of art (see art game).
The film also examines the link drawn by the Toronto Sun and other media outlets between the Columbine videogame and the 2006 Dawson College shooting. The shooter, Kimveer Gill allegedly listed Super Columbine Massacre RPG! as his favorite game. Two students at Dawson College during the shooting, Melissa Fuller and Joel Kornek, are interviewed and both dismiss the game's role in the shooting. However, Jack Thompson maintains that the game is a "murder simulator" that "trained" the shooter. The link between the game and the shooting is regarded as an "easy out for society" by then IGDA executive director Jason Della Rocca.
The final section of the film documents the 2007 controversy at the Slamdance Film Festival in which the Columbine videogame was pulled from the Guerrilla Gamemaker Competition by festival director Peter Baxter. In response, University of Southern California pulled its sponsorship of the competition and half of the other game developers pulled their projects out of the festival. The Slamdance documentary jury attempted to award the game a special jury prize but Baxter prevented the award from being given. Eventually, the game screened at other events such as Living Game Worlds in Gijon, Spain and a gallery installation at University of Colorado at Colorado Springs.
Slamdance Festival rejection[edit source]
The film was rejected from the 2008 Slamdance Film Festival - which the film notes during the end credits. Ian Bogost at Water Cooler Games observed that "It's certainly no surprise that those 'subjective decisions' would include the rejection of the film, which is openly critical of the festival."[1]
Release[edit source]
Playing Columbine premiered at AFI Fest in Los Angeles, California on November 7, 2008.[2]
It has also screened at Artfutura,[3] the Bradford Animation Festival,[4] the Denver Film Festival,[5] and the Santa Fe Film Festival.[6]
It has been screened in academic venues such as University of Texas at Dallas, Emerson College and Worcester Polytechnic Institute.
The film has been released online via Amazon Instant Video, iTunes, and Netflix.
Reception[edit source]
Reacting to the trailer for the film released in July 2007, Brian Crecente wrote at the gaming site Kotaku that, "Judging by the rather short trailer, it feels like the documentary is a little too much about Ledonne and not enough about the very real and complicated issues involving both the shooting and the idea of tacking [sic] serious subject matters with video games." [7]
A first look screening of the film at Gamecity in October 2007 prompted Daniel Etherington to write on BBC Collective, "fascinating documentary... Isn’t it time that games were taken seriously?" [8]
He continued:
“ Although Gus Van Sant and Michael Moore had made films about Columbine, many felt it was wrong to try and [address it] in a game. Why? Why are games not allowed to deal with difficult subjects? In part because the medium is still immature. Ledonne says, "While the commercial games industry has shown itself to be quite comfortable courting controversy over violent content, it has only the beginnings of a truly socially conscious ambition."[9] ”
A review by Anthony Burch at the videogame blog Destructoid wrote:
“ Playing Columbine claims to primarily be about the controversy surrounding the director's game, but it wisely opts instead to spend more time talking about the general demonization of videogames as an artistic medium, and the nature of school violence. Super Columbine Massacre RPG! is used as a jumping-off point to discuss much broader, much more interesting issues: for this, the director is to be commended.
Apart from a few self-interviews and lecture clips sprinkled evenly throughout the film, you don't really feel the presence of Ledonne the Director as he tells the story of Ledonne the Designer. The vast majority of the film relies on (quite compelling) interviews with numerous personalities based in or around the games industry -- you'll find immeasurably more directorial intrusion in a typical Michael Moore film. I know that's not saying much, but my point is, this documentary sounds far more pretentious and self-serving than it actually is.
Ledonne assembles a truly noteworthy cast of game designers, media professors, and school shooting survivors who are able to look at the issues he presents from totally different angles. In the first act alone, we get to hear the interviewees talk about games as experimentational play, games as social commentary, and the generation gap between gamers and critics of the medium. Hearing guys like Ian Bogost and Hal Halpin talk about games as art just plain never gets boring, and we've frankly never seen a cast of videogame personalities this large or prestigious assembled in documentary form, and getting to hear all their varying viewpoints is an absolute pleasure.[10]
 ”
The film was reviewed by Andrew Barker of Variety in November 2008 and noted:
“ The ongoing debate over representations of violence in videogames is the immediate focus of "Playing Columbine," Danny Ledonne's gripping, troublemaking docu about the reaction to his videogame re-creation of the Columbine High School massacre.
But the film goes much further, ultimately tying questions of propriety and censorship into a larger discussion of the development of videogames as a form of expressive art. While it raises far more questions that it can answer, pic serves as an impressively nuanced call for games to be taken more seriously.[11]
 ”
Mark Fulton of Film Threat wrote:
“ The documentary is very engaging and thought provoking though repetitive at times. Ledonne is a talented filmmaker, and I’m curious to see him tackle subjects not as personally close. "Playing Columbine" is an asset to the ongoing dialogue on protected speech and questions of art in the 21st century.[12] ”
See also[edit source]
Spencer Halpin's Moral Kombat
Bowling for Columbine
References[edit source]
1.Jump up ^ Water Cooler Games: "Playing Columbine Screening, Rejection"
2.Jump up ^ preview of AFI screening at The Screening Log
3.Jump up ^ screening at Artfutura
4.Jump up ^ screening at Bradford Animation Festival
5.Jump up ^ screening at Starz Denver Film Festival
6.Jump up ^ screening at Santa Fe Film Festival
7.Jump up ^ reaction to trailer on Kotaku
8.Jump up ^ "Playing Columbine at Gamecity". December 6, 2007.
9.Jump up ^ "Playing Columbine at Gamecity". December 6, 2007.
10.Jump up ^ Destructoid review: Playing Columbine
11.Jump up ^ Barker, Andrew (November 17, 2008). "Playing Columbine Review". Variety.
12.Jump up ^ "Playing Columbine". December 3, 2008.
External links[edit source]
Playing Columbine at the Internet Movie Database
official site of Playing Columbine
Playing Columbine on iTunes
Playing Columbine on Amazon Instant Video
Danny Ledonne and Jack Thompson debate on Free Talk Live radio
"These Games Really Push Our Buttons" MSNBC article featured SCMRPG and Playing Columbine
SpoutBlog interview with Danny Ledonne
Independent Films Direct interviews Danny Ledonne
 

Categories: 2008 films
American documentary films
English-language films
Documentary films about video games
Violence in video games

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Columbine High School massacre in popular culture

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 This article needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this articleby adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challengedand removed.(July 2011)
The following is a list of cultural references to the Columbine High School massacre.

Contents
 [hide] 1Music
2Sports
3Screen3.1Television
3.2Film
4Literature
5Video games
6See also
7References
Music[edit]
References to the shootings have appeared in popular music.
Underground rap artist Ill Billreleased an album which includes the song "The Anatomy of a School Shooting".
Christian rock band Superchickwrote the song "Hero", referencing to school bullyingand a boy coming to school with a gun. The song is about spreading kindness to prevent suicide and murder.[citation needed]
Christian ska band Five Iron Frenzywrote a song called "A New Hope" about what happened at Columbine. The band is from Denver CO and band member Micah Ortega's sister was one of the students trapped in the choir room during the massacre.[citation needed]
Members of KMFDM, one of the bands to which Harris and Klebold were avid fans, had formed a group called MDFMKand wrote a song called "Witch Hunt".[citation needed]
The massacre inspired Finnish symphonic metal group Nightwishto write "The Kinslayer" for their Wishmasteralbum (1999). The song references the victims (9 men, 4 women) and shooters and contains a conversation between Nightwish singer Tarja Turunen and guest singer Ike Vil that are supposed to be a conversation between one of the killers and one of his victims.[citation needed]
Rapper Eminemreferences the massacre in his 2000 album The Marshall Mathers LP, in songs "Remember Me?", "I'm Back", and "The Way I Am".[citation needed]
Napoleonreferenced it at the end of an Outlawzsong "The Good Die Young" on Still I Rise, not to be confused with the D12song released on D12 Worldapproximately 5 years later.[citation needed]
In 2000 the Insane Clown Posseand fellow label mates Twiztidwrote the song "Bad Rep" for side project Dark Lotus.[citation needed]
Singer-songwriterDavid M. Baileywrote and recorded a song, "One More Day", which discusses the shootings.[citation needed]
In 2004, shots of surveillance footage of the Columbine shooting spree appeared in the music video for "Alert Status Red" by Matthew Good.[citation needed]
Underground Rapper Rezart(also known as "Re-Z" ) wrote the song "Please Stop" inspired by the massacre. The song tells the story about two boys who both commit the crime due to being bullied[citation needed]
Filter's 2002 album, The Amalgamut, is social commentary with one song ("Columind") displaying a portrayal of the Columbine shooting.[citation needed]
Contemporary Christian Musician Michael W. Smithreleased This Is Your Timein 1999, which was inspired by the Columbine massacre; especially the title track "This is Your Time", which is about the mistaken belief that Cassie Bernall was asked if she believed in God, when in fact this exchange happened with survivor Valeen Schnurr.[citation needed]
Christian songwriter and artist, Brad Richardson wrote "A Colorado Columbine" featured on the Lullaby for ColumbineCD released in 1999. The song was inspired by a blanket of snow that fell on the morning after the Columbine shooting. The song evokes a spirit of cleansing and hope in the aftermath of America's deadliest school shootings.[citation needed]
Nu-metal band Limp Bizkitmade reference to the Columbine shooting in their song "Head for the Barricade".[citation needed]
The band The Callinghas a song called "One By One" was inspired by many school shootings, including The Columbine Massacre.[citation needed]
The band Flyleafhas a song entitled "Cassie", which is about the mistaken belief that Cassie Bernalland Rachel Scottwere asked if they believed in God, when in fact this exchange happened with survivor Valeen Schnurr.[citation needed]
The band Kornhas a song about a bullied teenager who dreams of killing his tormentors called "Thoughtless" on the 2002 album Untouchables.[citation needed]
Frank Tichelivisited the school after the massacre, and wrote an alma materfor the school after discovering that the school did not have one. The song was later self-quoted in "An American Elegy", a piece written for band.[citation needed]
Marilyn Mansonput out an entire record that incorporated reflections concerning the shooting of Columbine: Holy Wood (In the Shadow of the Valley of Death). It was the band's first album since the Columbine High School massacre. The album focuses on America's celebrity culture, its obsession with guns and its fascination with death and martyrdom, and especially the fame - driven by the national media - which violent death can bring. Songs such as "Disposable Teens" and "The Fight Song" were directly written about the Columbine incident. The slower, thought-provoking "The Nobodies" concluded the work.[citation needed]
A song called "Leave Me Alone" by goth band The Crüxshadowswas remixed as the "Leave Me Alone (Shaft 20/20 Mix)" to incorporate audio clips from the anti-goth segment of the ABC newsmagazine show 20/20that aired the day after the shooting.[1]
The band Pitchshifterhas a song entitled "As Seen On TV".[citation needed]
Alice Cooper's Brutal Planetalbum, released in 2000, includes a song "Wicked Young Man" which explicitly refers to the Columbine massacre.[citation needed]
In the Chumbawambasong, "Everything You Know Is Wrong", the lead character (the song is from the point of view of the man in the background of conspiracies) makes reference to both Columbine and the two semi-associated events, the Waco Siegeand the Oklahoma City bombing.[citation needed]
The Chumbawamba song "We Don't Want to Sing Along", was based on the Columbine incident with the protagonist first learning how to make a bomb in an internet chat-room and is abandoned by a friend who dismisses the idea of action.[citation needed]
In the song "Loyal To the Game (Remix)" on the Tupacalbum Loyal To the Game, rapper DJ Quikrefers to the event.[citation needed]
The Gamementions the massacre on the G-Unitremix of the song Hate It Or Love Iton 50 Cent's album The Massacre.[citation needed]
Columbine students Jonathan and Stephen Cohen wrote a song called Friend Of Mine (Columbine), which briefly received airplay in the US after being performed at a memorial service broadcast on nationwide television. The song was pressed to CD, with the proceeds benefiting families affected by the massacre, and over 10,000 copies were ordered. Shortly following the release of the CD single, the song was also featured on the Lullaby for ColumbineCD.[2][dead link][citation needed]
The video for Montgomery Gentry's song You Do Your Thingcontains a few brief clips of Columbine High School during the massacre.[citation needed]
Amanda Palmer, one half of The Dresden Dolls, performed "Strength Through Music" during the 2007 Edinburgh Fringe Festival.[3]It is a song about Columbine. She stated[citation needed]it was written some time earlier, though she did not clarified the time frame. Strength Through Musicis on her first solo CD Who Killed Amanda Palmer, and she also did a music video version of it shot in Lexington High School, Massachusetts, her alma mater. The video has a spoken mode-setting preface.[4]
In 2008's Ice Cube's "Gangsta Rap Made Me Do It" video, clips of Columbine can be seen.[citation needed]
The song "Teenagers" by the band My Chemical Romanceis partly based upon school shootings and teen violence.[citation needed]
Michale Graves' song "Nobody Thinks About Me" makes many references to Columbine.[citation needed]
The song "Ready To Die" by Andrew W.K. is about orchestrated and "revenge" shootings.[citation needed]
SITD's song Laughingstocklargely refers to Columbine.[citation needed]
Mindless Self Indulgencemake reference to Columbine in their song "Mastermind" from their 2008 album, If.[citation needed]
P.O.D.in their song Youth of the Nation, was inspired by the Columbine and Santana school shooting.[citation needed]
Swedish punk band "Atlas Losing Grip" reference the shooting in their 2008 song "All In Vain" off their "Shut The World Out" album. In the last half of the song the clip of Patti Nielson's 911 call can be heard in the background of the music and the song ends with a gunshot.[citation needed]
French black metal band "Nocturnal Depression" recorded a song entitled "Bonus (Hidden Track)" dedicated to the tragedy on their album "Soundtrack for a Suicide - Opus II".[citation needed]
American hip-hopartist Tyler, the Creatormakes a reference to the shootings as well as the Virginia Tech massacrein his song Yonkers.[citation needed]
Rapper Nicki Minajmakes a reference to the shootings in her song Roman Reloadedfeaturing Lil Wayne.[citation needed]
American band Foster the Peoplearguably referenced the Columbine Massacre in the song Pumped Up Kicks.[citation needed]
Rapper Krizz Kalikomost recently made a reference to the shooting in the song "Created a Monster" on his 2012 album Kickin' and Screamin'.[citation needed]
In 2008, Underground HorrorcoreRapper Loony Jwrote the song "C.H.S. Littleton" inspired by the massacre. Released on the album "Definitely Damned", the song tells the story of the shooting from the perspective of Eric Harris and Dylan Klebold. The song is meant to explain that the shooters committed the crime due to being bullied. The intro and the chorus use released audio from the 911 calls regarding the incident, the end of the last verse has sound effects to simulate two shotguns cocking and firing, ending the killing spree. Though many people saw the song as being against bullying, many other people saw the song as being disrespectful to the victims. In an interview with Backhand Studios, Loony J said, "I didn't make (the song) to offend anyone. Growing up in a rough neighborhood(of Savannah), I know all too well how f***ed up it can be to get bullied. I did the track to remind people of what can happen. If you just give someone respect, then that's what you're gonna get in return. Don't f*** with people because eventually, they're gonna snap. Whether they just kill themselves or they go on a killing spree, well, that's just a question that none of us want the answer to. So just treat people with respect and we won't have to go through this s*** again."[5]
German Electro-industrialband Funker Vogtreleased a song titled "Columbine" on their 2013 album "Companion In Crime" about the massacre.
Sports[edit]
After the shooting, the Colorado Avalanchewore a patch on their jerseys reading "CHS", commemorating the shooting for the rest of the 1998-99 NHL season. The Colorado Rockiesdid the same.[citation needed]
Screen[edit]
Television[edit]
The Static Shockepisode "Jimmy" addresses the issue of school shootings, particularly the one at Columbine. A bullied student who attends Virgil and Ritchie's high school opens fire on a group of football players with a pistol and accidentally shoots Ritchie in the knee.[citation needed]
An episode of the National Geographic ChannelTV series The Final Reportthat aired on April 3, 2007, explained the order of events in detail before, during, and after the incident. Also, it explained the lives of the perpetrators before committing the crime.[citation needed]
In episode of The Sopranos, Maria Spatafore's outcast son Vito Jr. is expelled from his high school for defecating in a boy's shower in the locker room. After questioning why he locks himself in a room all day, one of the mobsters, Christopher Moltisantisuggests "Probably trying to figure out how to pull a Columbine"
In season 2, episode 20 of The Unit, Columbine is mentioned.[citation needed]
The Law & Orderepisode "School Daze" was based on the massacre at Columbine. A boy had mentioned Columbine, saying that Harris and Klebold were "stupid for killing themselves". Columbine was mentioned again in "American Jihad", with McCoy saying "I read it on the Columbine News".[citation needed]
The Law & Order: SVUepisode "Manic" deals with the links between psychiatric drugs and school shootings. The Columbine massacre is mentioned.[citation needed]
The One Tree Hillepisode "With Tired Eyes, Tired Minds, Tired Souls, We Slept" was partially based on the massacre.[citation needed]
The shooting has been portrayed in the documentary-style television program Zero Hour, which portrays disasters that unfolded within one hour's time.[citation needed]
On March 15, 2006, an episode of the Comedy Centralprogram Drawn Togetherincluded a segment recapping notable scenes of the show, dated to represent notable dates in media history. A clip depicting a violent shootout was dated April 20, 1999.[citation needed]
In episode 219 of NUMB3RS, a high-school massacre bearing remarkable similarities with Columbine occurred; seven students and one teacher were killed by three gunmen. The gunmen, like Klebold and Harris, were members of an online guild. Columbine was mentioned once.[citation needed]
In Episode 1 in Series 3 of "The Inbetweeners" Jay says to Will "I'll show them" to which he replies "Columbine massacre show them or futile gesture show them?"[citation needed]
The Standoffepisode "Peer Group" contains many elements of the Columbine massacre such as a notebook full of violent images, a list of students at his school, and the bullies vs. geeks revenge situation originally widely thought to be the cause.[citation needed]
The Season 4 premiere of Cold Case, "Rampage", is heavily based on the Columbine shooting. Columbine was mentioned on one occasion. It should be noted that the prominent massacre happened in 1995, four years before the Columbine incident, when Harris and Klebold were freshmen.[citation needed]
The Degrassiepisode "Time Stands Still" was a Columbine-based episode. The character Rick, after being humiliated, returns to Degrassi with a gun, determined to hunt down the people who pulled a prank on him. At first Paige unknowingly defuses the situation, but when Jay sees that Rick is in a bathroom stall, he and Spinner frame Jimmy. As a result, Rick shoots Jimmy in the back, paralyzing him. Rick's next target is Emma until Sean steps in to protect her and accidentally causes Rick to shoot and kill himself in the process.[citation needed]
Two episodes of Buffy the Vampire Slayerwere postponed after they were to air soon after the shootings. The first was the episode "Earshot". Though the episode had to do with school violence, there is a scene reminiscent of the University of Texas at Austin's shooting. Also "Graduation Day, Part Two" was delayed by almost two months after the shootings because of the scene where the students are wielding weapons. It was only aired after The WBreceived "thousands of letters demanding that the finale be aired".[6][dead link][citation needed]
In the Family Guyepisode Road to Rupert, Stewieand Brianarrive in Coloradowhere there is a sign that says "Colorado, more than just Kobeand Columbine," referencing the infamous alleged rape case of the NBA star Kobe Bryant and the Columbine High Schoolshooting.[citation needed]
In the Family Guyepisode Brian & Stewie, Brian and Stewie are trapped in a safe and when Stewie questions Brian about his owning of a gun, Stewie says "You are spewing all that liberal crap about stricter gun laws, you cried after Columbine."[citation needed]
In the Joan of Arcadiaepisode "The Uncertainty Principle", Joan was told by God to ask a troubled young man, Steve Ramsey, to the school dance. He and Joan left the dance early and he took her to a private shooting range. When Joan's father, the chief of police in the town at the time, went to the site with two other cops after a tip from another student, Ramsey pointed his gun toward the cops but was successfully talked down and subsequently arrested. The next day at school, God informed Joan that if Ramsey had not been arrested, he would have come to school with a gun that morning and killed 12 students and a teacher before turning the gun on himself, like the Columbine shootings.[citation needed]
The Veronica Marsepisode "Happy Go Lucky" depicts a high school janitor threatening students with a gun in the high school cafeteria because he has been fired from his job.[citation needed]
An episode of Flashpointdepicts a student being viciously bullied and returning to the school with a gun to get apologies from his tormentors.[citation needed]
On an episode of Generation Kill, after a U.S. Marine shoots two Iraqi children, another Marine refers to him as a 'Dylan Klebold wannabe'.[citation needed]
In Gilmore GirlsEpisode, Like Mother, Like Daughter. The episode focuses on Rory being told by the school guidance officer that she was too much of a loner. In the episode both Lorelai and Rory make references to Columbine. Rory says "Kid with a duffel bag filled with unknown things" and Lorelai says "A long black matrix type coat".[citation needed]
In the Family Guyepisode "Trading Places", Peter is pretending to be a high school student. He wears a black trench coat and holds a shotgun saying he wants to get back at the popular kids who ignored him. When Lois tells him he's a normalhigh school student, Peter calls someone named Lance, trying to tell him "it" was off, but Lance starts shooting anyway.[citation needed]
In an episode of The Closer, there is a group of teens who seem to idolize the shooters and unsuccessfully try to launch a similar attempt at a mall.[citation needed]
In the American Horror Storyepisode "Halloween (Part 2)", the ghost of a victim of Tate's high school shooting, which he doesn't recollect, asks him, "Do you believe in God?" When he is surprised by the question, she says, "You asked me if I believe in God and you put a gun to my head."[7]In the following episode "Piggy Piggy", a sequence in which Tate shoots several victims in a library is depicted, and it is much like the library massacre in the Columbine shooting.[8]
In Series 7, Episode 11 of Mock The Week, Frankie Boyle made a joke about Columbine High School massacre in the "Scenes we'd like to See" segment where one topic was "Unlikely things to hear on a Children's TV Program." Boyle said, "Next up, Sharpay and Ryan take their audition failure very badly in 'Columbine High School Musical.'"[citation needed]
Film[edit]
Idle Hands- A teen comedy that tanked at the box office most likely because it was released immediately following the events at Columbine. The lead protagonist is possessed by his hand to murder his parents and two best friends. After severing his hand, the hand rampages through the school halls during a high school dance and kills several people before being destroyed.[citation needed]
Citizen Toxie: The Toxic Avenger IV- Went into production following the massacre. The opening scene shows Toxie battling a terrorist group known as the Diaper Mafia(a pun on the real life Trenchcoat Mafia, the clique the two gunmen were partially involved with before the shooting) who have taken hostage a school of teenage special needs children. The scene concludes with several students being gunned down with an M60 machine gunand the already evacuated school being blown to bits by a plastic explosive purchased at K-Mart(more references to the disaster at Columbine, as the two gunmen acquired their ammunition from a local K-Mart and planned to blow up their school but failed).[citation needed]
Elephant- A film which plays in a dream-like state, following many students who are unaware of their impending death. Meanwhile, two students prepare to initiate a shooting.
The Only Way[9]- An independent film about a young man that is the victim of physical and emotional abuse and eventually opens fire on his classmates. The film focuses on the causes, effects, and consequences of school violence. While the story in the film is fictional, it features several parallels to the Columbine tragedy.
Heart of America- A film by Uwe Boll, similar in story line to the more popular Elephant. It features many high school problems, most notably two students who are sick of being kicked, bullied and having their faces shoved in feces. They gather guns as they prepare to unleash their rage against the jocks, their tormentors.[citation needed]
Zero Day- A film shot entirely through hand held cameras or on security tape, expressing the view of the two killers leading up to the massacre.[citation needed]
The massacre was one of the subjects of the 2002 Michael Mooredocumentary filmBowling for Columbine, about the 'culture of violence' and easy availability of firearms in the United States. Also in the film, Marilyn Mansonis asked backstage before a concert in Littleton what he would say if he could talk to the shooters of Columbine, or the victims of the massacre and the people of the community. He responded, "I wouldn't say a single word to them. I would listen to what they had to say, and that's what nobody did."[citation needed]
The 2002 Showtimetelevision filmBang Bang You're Deadwas also inspired by the massacre. The film stars Ben Fosteras a teenager routinely picked on at school, so he joins a group of other bullied students to shoot things to make them feel better. The drama teacher (Tom Cavanagh) tries to get Foster to become part of a play he's organizing about a kid who shoots up his school, and the PTA and other adults try to stop it. The teen mentions a list of school shootings in one of his home movies, one of which was the Columbine massacre.[citation needed]
The 2002 independent filmHome Roomwas inspired by the aftermath of the incident and the effects it has on students and teachers. Students, faculty and parents of Columbine High School were given a private screening of the film, and director Paul F. Ryanand lead actress Erika Christensenspoke to those present. The reaction to the film was generally positive, partly because of its perspective on the aftermath rather than the shooting itself.[citation needed]
The 2004 independent filmAmerican Yearbookwas inspired by the massacre. The film has not yet been distributed, but has received positive reviews. It portrays a teenager who is bullied at school and as a result, decides to bring a gun to school and kill the bullies. It details the kid-next-door protagonist's struggle with being a school shooter, and ends in a highly dramatic fashion.[citation needed]
Kelly Rowland's character in the 2003 horror film Freddy vs. Jasonrefers to the sudden murders of several fellow high school students as "some Columbine thing or something."[citation needed]
Dawn Anna- The story about Lauren Townsend's mother and her life, including her struggles with cancerand eventual recovery, which is soon shattered by the death of her daughter in the shooting.[citation needed]
Duck! The Carbine High Massacrea low-budget parody of the Columbine shooting which was the first film to be made about the massacre.[citation needed]
Ekskul, an Indonesian film. The story is about a student taking fellow students hostage with a handgun.[citation needed]
The Life Before Her Eyes, an American film about a woman (Uma Thurman) who suffers from the destruction of her life style, due to the trauma from a Columbine-like high school killing when she was younger.[citation needed]
The Class, An Estonian film that depicts the story of two students, Joosep and Kasper. Joosep is constantly picked on by the popular kids in his class, and then Kasper decides to go out of his way to protect Joosep from the other kids and become his friend. However, Kasper ends up getting bullied as well. The two then decided they had enough and arrive at school with several guns to get rid of those who bullied them.[citation needed]
Reunion, an acclaimed short film about the 13 victims murdered in the Columbine tragedy and what their lives might have been like had they not been cut short.[10]
A 2009 film called April Showersis inspired by the Columbine Massacre.[citation needed]
The short film Never[11]is an alternate look at the Columbine Massacre, and uses documents, dialogue and references related to the shooting. The film is also known by the alternate title "4/20/99" as seen on YouTube.[12]
Literature[edit]
Dave Cullen's 2009 bestseller Columbinetook a comprehensive look at the massacre in narrative form. It profiled the killers and ten years of the aftermath. The book won several awards, including the Edgar, and was named on 22 Best of 2009 lists.[13]
In Marisha Pessl's novel Special Topics in Calamity Physics, a student describes a teacher as tweaked and says, "Wouldn't be shocked if she went Klebold."[citation needed]
Similarities to the massacre were visible in Douglas Coupland's 2003 novel Hey Nostradamus!(which, contrary to popular belief, Coupland had begun writing before the shooting happened).[citation needed]
An unpublished issue of Hellblazerby Warren Ellis(writer) and Phil Jimenez(artist) depicted a study of a series of fictional school shootings. The series is monthly and it would have been the September 1999 (#141) issue, however the August 1999 (#140) was followed by the October 1999 (#141) issue.[14][15]
The novel Vernon God Littledeals with similar, though fictional, events. It focuses on the suspicions placed on innocent students as a result to these shootings.[citation needed]
Lionel Shriver's 2003 novel We Need to Talk About Kevinwas partly inspired by the Columbine massacre and similar school shootings. The protagonist is the mother of a boy who has committed a mass shooting at his own high school.[citation needed]
The satirical newspaper The Oniondiscussed the massacre in its article Columbine Jocks Safely Resume Bullying.[16]
Give A Boy A Gunis about a school shooting that two boys are planning to commit at a school dance, told from students and faculty at the school. The two boys are in fascination with Eric Harris and Dylan Kleboldand hope to have a great impact like Columbine.[citation needed]
Photographic coverage of the aftermath of the shooting, particularly the reactions of students, won the Pulitzer Prize for Breaking News Photographyfor the year 2000 for the Denver Rocky Mountain News.[citation needed]
Stephen Kinghas cited the massacre as a major reason that he has allowed an early novel to fall out of print: Rage, written under the Richard Bachmanpen name, which deals with a high school gunman. (However, certain themes in the book were developed into the story of Carrie.) King actually referred to Carrie as the "female version of Eric Harris and Dylan Klebold."[17]
Mark Rempel wrote a book Point Blankbased loosely on the Columbine Shootings and their impact.[citation needed]
Jim Shepard's novel Project Xwas inspired by the events at Columbine. Character Edwin says "So wait we are gonna pull the same thing at that school in Colorado? What was its name again?"[citation needed]
Walter Dean Myers wrote Shooter, inspired by the Columbine shootings.[citation needed]
Francine Prose's After, a teen novel about teens in a school freaked by a local school shooting, calls the shooting "another Columbine."[citation needed]
In Book 11 of the Everworldseries, a fantasy serial by K. A. Applegate, a protagonist, Christopher, describes another teen shooting at him as a "little Klebold-Harris psychopath."[citation needed]
Jodi Picoult's novel released in March 2007 Nineteen Minutesdepicts a Columbine-like school shooting in New Hampshire, and contains direct references to the Columbine shootings.[citation needed]
A story arcin the online comic Jackrevolves around a plot based on the Columbine massacre.[citation needed]
In Zadie Smith's novel "On Beauty", character Kiki Belsey teases her son, saying, "You're not gonna put on a trench coat and shoot up your school, now, are you, baby?"[citation needed]
Wally Lamb's "The Hour I First Believed" follows the life of a fictional Columbine High School nurse, and her teacher husband, as they deal with Post Traumatic Stress Disorderafter she survives the library massacre.[citation needed]
Video games[edit]
A free role-playing game for the PC called Super Columbine Massacre RPG!was released on April 20, 2005, the 6th anniversary of the massacre. This game delves into the morning of April 20, 1999 and asks players to relive that day through the eyes of Eric Harris and Dylan Klebold.[citation needed]
See also[edit]
Columbine High School
Eric Harris and Dylan Klebold
School shooting
References[edit]
1.Jump up ^"Leave Me Alone (Shaft 20/20 Mix) remix lyrics". Retrieved 2012-09-25.
2.Jump up ^http://www.denver-rmn.com/shooting/0420cohe7.shtml[dead link]
3.Jump up ^"Amanda Palmer at the Speigeltent, Edinburgh Fringe 2007". YouTube. Retrieved 2012-07-30.
4.Jump up ^"Strength Through Music - "Who Killed Amanda Palmer" Video Series: Part 6". YouTube. 2009-02-23. Retrieved 2012-07-30. "Part 6 of the "Who Killed Amanda Palmer" video series, the music video for "Strength Through Music", Director Michael Pope Produced by BriAnna Olson & MediaVox. From the debut solo album "Who Killed Amanda Palmer", produced by Ben Folds"|coauthors=requires |author=(help)
5.Jump up ^"Darkness Records Bandcamp".
6.Jump up ^http://news.yahoo.com/s/eonline/20070417/en_tv_eo/71ba1d6e_c07a454e_9d9f_64d02e08e6cb[dead link]
7.Jump up ^Vanity Fair, Nov 3, 2011
8.Jump up ^http://www.theatlanticwire.com/entertainment/2011/11/american-horror-story-goes-too-far/44808/Template:The Atlantic Wire
9.Jump up ^"The Only Way on IMDB". Retrieved 2012-04-20.
10.Jump up ^"Reunion (2009)". Retrieved 2012-04-15.
11.Jump up ^"Never on IMDB". Retrieved 2010-03-24.
12.Jump up ^"4/20/99 short film on YouTube". Retrieved 2010-03-12.
13.Jump up ^Official website for the book Columbine.
14.Jump up ^Yarbrough, Beau. Unpublished School Shooting 'Hellblazer' Online. Comic Book Resources. 21 August 2000.
15.Jump up ^Yarbrough, Beau. JLA/Avengers Team-Up in the Works. Comic Book Resources. 19 July 1999.
16.Jump up ^"Columbine Jocks Safely Resume Bullying | The Onion - America's Finest News Source". The Onion. 1999-09-08. Retrieved 2012-07-25.
17.Jump up ^Stephen King: On writing.


Categories: Works about the Columbine High School massacre
Topics in popular culture
American popular culture






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